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Sutera Retreat Retirement Hub: Connecting Elderly And Community Through The Social Interaction Space Mohamad Akhir Akhbar B Yussop | MBE 181073 |Session 2020/21 Sem 2 Main Supervisor: Ar Samsiah Binti Abdullah Co Supervisor: AP Dr Alice Sabrina Binti Ismail Internal Panels: Dr Roshida Abdul Majid, Dr Nor Izura Tukiman External Panel: Prof Dr Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed Ariffin
Time Frame
CRIT 1 07.04.21
CRIT 2 27.04.21
CRIT 3 18.05.21
CRIT 4 01.06.21
CRIT 5 15.06.21
Proposal 30.03.21
FTA 07.07.21 Special Study
Unit Arrangement. Social Space. Teaching & Learning Program
Internal & External Space Planning
Space Tabulation. Site Planning.
Structural System
Fire & Services
Structural Systems.
Fire Safety & Building Regulations.
Construction Details.
Building Services.
Presentatio n Layout
Board Layout Composition.
km
Proposed Site Johor Darul Tazim
(S
ut
er
aM
al l
)2
.5
Proposed Site
Matahari School
Johor Bahru
Taman Sutera
Site Information: Local Authorities Land Status Plot Ratio Zones Land Area
: Majlis Bandaraya Iskandar Puteri : Temporary Parking : 1:4 : Class B-Commercial : 2.5 Acres/ 10 117.1 SQM
OVERVIEW The world population life expectancy has increased because of medical advances and economic growth (Alavi et al, 2011). This leads to a rise in the population aged over 60 years. In Malaysia, the Department of Statistic has reported in 2030, this country will become the ageing country due to increasing the elderly population by 15% from current population.
3.23 M (10%)
> 60
ELDERLY POPULATION IN JOHOR (2018)
8%
6% 28%
7% 10%
5.82 M (15.3%)
16%
2%
+0.3% +0.6%
> 60
+0.3% +0.5%
6%
7%
10%
Johor Bahru (74,985) Batu Pahat (42,504) Kluang (27,112) Kota Tinggi (19,152) Kulai (15,616) Mersing (5,950) Muar (28,224) Pontian (18,213) Segamat (21,034) Tangkak (15,776)
ELDERLY OCCUPANTS / HOUSE IN JOHOR
2018
• • •
Population in Johor Bahru is 1.6 M Elderly Population is 74, 985 (4%) Johor Bahru Has 22 Elderly House
+15%
2030
3.7 M (11.1%)
2017 : 1059 2018 : 1224
> 60
2020
Source:
42% JB : 22 TOTAL : 52
Laporan Tahunan, Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Negeri Johor (2018). Retrieved from http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/uploads/files/JKMN%20JOHOR/Penerbitan%20JKMNJ/REPORT%20JKMNJ%202018_FINAL-compressed.pdf Alavi, K., Sail, R. M., Idris, K., Samah, A. A., & Omar, M. (2011). Living Arrangement Preference and Family Relationship Expectation of Elderly Parents. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 19(S), 65 – 73.
There has been a huge increment in the number of elderly care centre from 1983 to 2001. Thus, the establishment of a care centre for the elderly is seen only to fill up and meet the current demand. Sim (2002)
The elderly care centre establishments in Malaysia normally they were built in gated complexes or rented the existing shop lots and residential building. Sanmargaraja et al. (2013)
Sinda Old Folk’s Home
City Heart Care, Nursing Home
JB Carecentre
Calvary Welfare Center
Pusat Jagaan Orang Tua Yeo
The elderly often feel discontent with the standard of treatment, the lack of purpose and sense of belonging in life as a result of institutional policy, the rigidity of general routine and the living arrangement. Berglund (2007)
This situation not only have a negative influence on the well-being of the elderly, but it can even lead to isolation and loneliness feeling. Jamaiyah et al. (2006)
Pusat Jagaan Orang Tua Ceria
Issues
Most of the elderly care centre was adapted from existing residential and shop lot building which not suitable to be implemented. In result, the elderly will stay in dormitory living arrangement due to limited space. This arrangement may affect elderly discomfort and lack of social interaction.
There are no proper space and other options for the elderly to have social interaction and activity with the resident. Since the institution is using the existing residential building and turn it to suit the care centre layout which may affect elderly well-being.
The elderly feel that they are no longer needed in society. In an individualistic industrial society, caring for an elderly is seen as a voluntary obligation that may be ignored without fear of social censure.
Design Aim To propose the elderly care center which providing a spaces and program that able to increase the elderly well-being and social interaction.
Design Objectives Architecture
Social
Building Program
To propose the elderly living arrangement/ configuration in the care centre to stimulate social interaction among the elderly
To design a pocket and social space in the care centre that promotes the social interaction among the elderly and community.
To integrate the building and learning program in the elderly care center that able to integrate and engage the elderly and community.
Design Objective 1 Architecture
To propose the elderly living arrangement/ configuration in the care centre to stimulate social interaction among the elderly
Literature Review Reference Terrace Living Property Times
M.RASDI, Mohamad Tajuddin (2003). Terrace Living Property Times. New Strait Times. Retrived from http://property.nst.com.my/Weekly/Property/Times/News/ Viewpoint.
Summary • • •
In Malaysia, most of the elderly care centre was adapted from existing residential and shop lot building and not suitable to be implemented. The houses development in our country especially the terrace houses, most of them were not suitable with Malaysian culture and needs. Other than that, the development also lacks public security and a genuine sense of community which is an important element in the elderly environment.
Ageing In Place For The Elderly In Malaysia.
•
The findings indicated a high preference to age in place in Malaysia with emphasis on maintaining the traditional and cultural values of elderly care.
Traditional Values in Modern Living, a dilemma of choice?
• •
To understand and providing the living environment by referring to the Malaysian traditional village setting. The understanding of the traditional village setting elements may help to increase the community social interaction, sense of community, community surveillance and community well-being which may benefit the community especially the elderly community
The Meaning of “Aging in Place” to Older People.
•
The concept of “aging in place” can be describes as in terms of functional, symbolic, and emotional attachments and meanings of homes, neighborhoods, and communities.
Ageing in place, an overview for the elderly in Malaysia.
•
The concern over ageing is about their health, welfare, care and living arrangements as well as the implications for infrastructure, housing, income and economic growth.
Wayfinding In Architecture: An Environment For People With Alzheimer's Disease.
•
The residents room should be arranged in small clusters to resemble a familiar home-like scale. Easier for the elderly to locate and find their room. Bedroom is the most private area for the occupants because that is where they sleep and dress up, so the presence of other occupants in the same room, to some extent will cause the elderly to feel ashamed and lack of self confidence. The corridor should be design in ‘endless corridor”. The elderly will feel less-frustrated as they have several choices rather than dead-end corridor. The implementation of bright colour, big signage and prominent elements as landmark may help the elderly as wayfinding navigational to find each spaces. To avoid reflective material and colour, it can cause discomfort to the elderly.
Anis Adila Abdullah, 1. (2016), Siti Uzairiah Mohd. Tobi, D., & Mohamad Syazli Fathi, D. Ageing In Place For The Elderly In Malaysia.
Idid, Syed and Shazarimin, S. (2011). Traditional Values in Modern Living, a dilemma of choice?. Asian Planning School Association Conference, pp. 1538-1547. Janine L. Wiles, PhD, Annette Leibing, PhD, Nancy Guberman, MSW, Jeanne Reeve, PhD, Ruth E. S. Allen, PhD, The Meaning of “Aging in Place” to Older People, The Gerontologist, Volume 52, Issue 3, June 2012, Pages 357–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr098 Tobi, Siti & Fathi, Mohamad Syazli & Amaratunga, Dilanthi. (2017). Ageing in place, an overview for the elderly in Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1891. 020101. 10.1063/1.5005434.
Bryant, David Graham. Graham. (1991) “Wayfinding in architecture: An environment for people with Alzheimer’s disease,” IndraStra Global Index (IGI), accessed November 22, 2020, http://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/109675.
• • • •
Remaining living in the community with the some level of independence, rather than in residential care (J. Davey et al., 2004)
Staying in their own houses or with their children houses Anis Adila (2016)
Normally were built in gated complexes or rented the existing shop lots and residential building Observation (2020)
This well-planned, rigid and typical type of houses can be found everywhere in the country. However,
this type of settlement seen as a place that cannot fit with local culture and needs. Aimran Samsudin (2007)
The terraced houses purposely built for worker housing due to the industrial revolution period in the western world in the past. This model has
been translated
to terraced housing form to suit the present day environment.
Tajuddin Rasdi (2007)
genuine sense of community Aimran Samsudin (2007)
visual privacy and family intimacy A.H. Hashim (2005)
walkable neighbour hood T. H. Khan (2012)
residents social requirements: social relations, encouraging caring community, mutual help and respect each other without taking granted privacy needs. Aimran Samsudin (2007)
Therefore, what kind of design attributes that may encourage social relations and interaction, sense of
belonging and public surveillance?? (S. Salim et al., 2011)
• •
The villager houses arrangement are in cluster type The communal spaces at center
Living Arrangement
• •
Creating natural surveillance. Watching the outdoor area and neighborhood houses from their own compound.
Surveillance from neighborhood
• • •
Increase the permeability. The villager are able to walk easily surrounding the cluster. Indirectly encourage social interactions happens among them Unclear physical boundaries within the houses
Case Study
In Malaysia, residents are giving dorm as a bedroom. Castagna et. al (2014)
Bedroom is the most private area for the occupants because that is where they sleep and dress up, so the presence of other occupants in the same room, to some extent will cause the elderly to feel ashamed and lack of self confidence. Bryant (1991)
The residents room should be arranged in small clusters to resemble a familiar home-like scale. Easier for the elderly to locate and find their room. Bryant (1991)
Rumah Jagaan Warga Nur Ehsan, Johor Bahru, Johor
Residential Care Home Andritz, Graz, Austria
Unit Types Type of Elderly Living Arrangement
Hadi et. al (2012)
Single living
9.31%
Couple living
Family living
15.53%
71.33%
Living with Others
3.83%
Type of Elderly Lim (2006)
Caretaker - Normal : 1 : 18 - Bedridden/ : 1 : 4 Serious Ilness
Type 1 Caretaker
Independent Elderly with minimum care
Functional dependent elderly
70.4%
25.9%
Without any help or minimum care
Type 2 Single living
Type 3 Couple living
Disabled elderly
With assisted care when needed
Need fully assistance at all times
3.7%
Type 4 Family living
Type 5 Special unit
Forming a Cluster Unit
• • • • • •
The communal spaces at center for social activities. Creating natural surveillance. Watching the outdoor area and neighborhood unit from their own unit. Increase the permeability. The resident are able to walk easily surrounding the cluster. Indirectly encourage social interactions happens among them.
ma xim ize
The findings further support that recreational park or gardens are important for the elderly group, notably in supporting social sustainability. The study confirms the findings that people willing to pay more for garden and green space. vie w
Luttik (2000)
ize im x ma view
Cluster Arrangement
Cluster 1 (T3+T3)
Cluster 4 (T3+T4)
3
Cluster 2 (T2+T3+T3)
6
2
Cluster 5 (T2+T4)
1
Cluster 3 (T3+T4)
5
Cluster 6 (T3+T4)
6
5
4
Design Objective 2 Social
To design a pocket and social space in the care centre that will promotes and increse the social interaction among the elderly and community.
Literature Review Reference
Summary
Pandangan Warga Tua Di Rumah Warga Tua: Kajian Kes Di Bandaraya Ipoh Dan Johor Bahru.
•
Sanmargaraja, S. (2013). Pandangan warga tua di rumah warga tua: Kajian kes di Bandaraya Ipoh dan Johor Bahru.
•
The elderly who are withdrawing from society must be brought back to avoid them from experiencing depression which in turn can affect to the well-being of their lives. The number of in-house residents increases makes inadequate facilities for the social spaces.
Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation.
•
there are six social needs, if unmet, it will contributed to feelings of loneliness. One of the element is social integration.
Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: A community-based longitudinal study.
•
Even with little social interaction, it may promote the quality of life of older adults, improve mental health, decrease their chances of developing cognitive decline
Promoting Older Residents’ Social Interaction and Wellbeing: A Design Perspective. Sustainability,
• •
Normally, in care center there are 2 types of social interaction and activites. Informal social activity among the residents and caretaker (Chat, Greetings, And Social Encounter) and formal social activity, which is the activities provided by the management.
Wayfinding In Architecture: An Environment For People With Alzheimer's Disease.
•
Bryant, David Graham. (1991) “Wayfinding in architecture: An environment for people with Alzheimer's disease,” IndraStra Global Index (IGI), accessed November 22, 2020, http://igi.indrastra.com/items/show/109675.
•
Space through its own organization can have an attracting effect and bring / hold people together and have interaction and it can form an informal social contact. The create the informal social contact, the spaces can be form through influencing the visual relationships, possibilities in circulation for encountering or avoiding the occupants.
Design For Dementia.
•
Weiss, R. S. [1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Fratiglioni, L.; Wang, H.-X.; Ericsson, K.; Maytan, M.; Winblad, B. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: A community-based longitudinal study. Lancet 2000, 355, 1315–1319.
Li, C. Kang, K. Lin, X. Hu, J. Hengeveld, B. Hummels, C. (2020). Promoting Older Residents’ Social Interaction and Wellbeing: A Design Perspective. Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, April.
Calkins, M. (1988) Design for Dementia: Planning Environments for the Elderly and Confused. Owings Mills, MD: National Health Publishing.
Garis Panduan Perancangan Fizikal Bagi Warga Emas.
Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa (2018). Garis Panduan perancangan fizikal bagi warga emas. Retrieved from https://www.planmalaysia.gov.my /index.php/garis-panduan-perancangan/2101-23-gp031-a-gpp-warga-emas/file
• • • •
For activity spaces, it should have a direct visual access, to encourage the sociality because the activities become highly visible. Small subspaces should be created within the activity area to allow more private socialization and passive participation. This attributes also can be applied when designing outdoor spaces/ outdoor communal area. In 2018 has set up a guideline that the caretakers have to provide a recreation area, public space and integrated facilities in the care center so that the elderly able to do activities together and have the social interaction with other. Walking distance for elderly is 150M/ not more than 5 minutes.
Case Study
Social places located nearest to the resident’s bedroom were used slightly more frequently by the resident compared to the spaces that located far away from their bedroom. Pinet (1999)
For activity spaces, it should have a direct visual access, to encourage the sociality because the activities become highly visible. Small subspaces should be created within the activity area to allow more private socialization and passive participation. Calkins (1988)
In care center there are 2 types of social interaction. Informal social activity among the residents and caretaker and formal social activity, which is the activities provided by the management. Li et. al (2020)
Rumah Jagaan Warga Nur Ehsan, Johor Bahru, Johor
Residential Care Home Andritz, Graz, Austria
• • • •
The subspaces in villagers houses located at ‘serambi’, ‘pelantar’ and ‘kolong’. As a place for private discussion, private preparation places for event and many more.
• •
The activity spaces at center Very conducive to do the communal activity. Have a direct visual access, to encourage the sociality because the activities become highly visible.
The same configuration for social interaction place also shown in the traditional village setting. Idid et al, 2011
•
Interaction Within Cluster (Informal Interaction Spaces) Activities at sharing spaces
Gardening
Reading book
Tea break
Chatting
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
Interaction within Cluster
Subspaces & Mainspaces
Subspaces Mainspaces
Space through its own organization can have an attracting effect and bring / hold people together and have interaction and it can form an informal social contact. To create the informal social contact, the spaces can be form through influencing the visual relationships, possibilities in circulation for encountering or avoiding the occupants.
Bryant (1991)
Bryant (1991)
Bryant (1991)
Bryant (1991)
Interaction Within Cluster (Informal Interaction Spaces)
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 1
2
2
2 1 2
1
Linear interaction
2
Vertical interaction
1
2
Elderly Physical Condition
The elderly daily walkability to the location of basic services should be located within 400 m of elderly people’s residences, which corresponds to a 5-min walking distance.
1
2
90.1m 2
Goodman et. al (2003)
Another scholar argue that the maximum comfortable walking distance is 500 m, from the elderly person’s house to available primary services. However, elderly people can take twice the walking time when compared with younger adults.
2
1
1
1
30m
Seating/ Resting Area
1
1
2
1
2
2
Burton et. al (2006)
Walking distance for elderly to facility is 180M/ not more than 5 minutes.
Chatting Area/ Reading Area
3
2
3
1
3
2
Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa (2018)
In all corridors places to stop for a rest or a neighbourly chat should be incorporated at regular intervals. Allow a small informal resting and seating area at least every 30metres. Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (2015)
3 2
1
1
3
Chatting Area
2
3
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
Interaction With Community (Informal Interaction Spaces)
Jogging Track
Community Market
Seating Area (Ground Floor)
Mini Amphitheatre
Kiosk Cafe
Design Objective 3 Building Program
To integrate the building and learning program in the elderly care center to be able integrate and engage the elderly and community.
Literature Review Reference
Summary
Modernization Theory
• • • •
The elderly losing power and influence in society Experience and knowledge possessed by the elderly have made them gain a high position among the traditional society. Societies become increasingly individualistic, and norms regarding the care of older people change. In an individualistic industrial society, caring for an elderly relative is seen as a voluntary obligation that may be ignored without fear of social censure.
Ciri-ciri Dan Kerangka Pendekatab Dakwah Warga Emas: Analisis Rumah Ehsan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM).
• • • •
1/20 of the elderly (60 years) had early stage of dementia (forgetfulness). This condition will cause the spoken word to be vague, act abnormally and behave like a child. Although the elderly experience such significant changes, the skills they possess will not diminish. This skill cannot be highlighted due to physical disability. For example, carpentry skills will not diminish from within but due to health problems, carpentry work can not be continued.
Cognitive Leisure Activities And Their Role In Preventing Dementia.
•
Frequent participation in mentally stimulating activities are associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Mental stimulation is not limited to formal education and can include everyday activities such as: • Reading books, newspapers, or magazines. • Playing games such as crossword puzzles.
Intergenerational Programming In Senior Housing: From Promise To Practice.
•
most expressed a great deal of enthusiasm about the positive impact of intergenerational work on older residents’ selfesteem, health, and sense of connectedness to the broader community, and young people’s attitudes toward older adults and understanding of aging issues
Promoting Lifelong Learning For Older Adults University Of The Third Age Kl & Selangor.
•
Under the Ninth Malaysia Plan from 2006-2010, older persons were encouraged to be active and productive so that they can continue to contribute to the family, society and country. The first University of the Third Age U3A in Malaysia was set up in affiliation with the Institute of Gerontology, University Putra Malaysia in 2008 to encourage learning for leisure among the elderly.
Cowgill & Holmes, 1972
Bt, Rosfazila & Abd Rahman, Rosfazila & A Rahman, Mohd Noah & Hafizah, Noor & Haridi, Bt & Bt, Norsaleha & Salleh, & Zaini, Abdul & Zaini, Bin & Kunci, Kata & Sosial, Psikologi & Sosiologi, Pengajian & Islam, Pendekatan & Dakwah, Rumah & Ehsan, Warga & Ehsan, Rumah & Kebajikan, Jabatan. (2019). Ciri-ciri Dan Kerangka Pendekatab Dakwah Warga Emas: Analisis Rumah Ehsan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM)
Stern, C. and Munn, Z. (2010), Cognitive leisure activities and their role in preventing dementia: a systematic review. International Journal of Evidence‐ Based Healthcare, 8: 2-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17441609.2010.00150.x
Henkin, N. Z., Patterson, T., Stone, R., & Butts, D. (2017). Intergenerational programming in senior housing: From promise to practice. Retrieved from https://leadingage.org/sites/default/files/ Intergenerational_Programming_in_Senior_Housing_Full_Report.pdf
Promoting Lifelong Learning For Older Adults University Of The Third Age Kl & Selangor (2020). Retrieved From Https://U3aklsel.Wixsite.Com/Malaysia/Courses
•
Case Study
Promoting Lifelong Learning For Older Adults University Of The Third Age Kl & Selangor (2020)
Site Context
Proposed Site SJK (C) Kuo Kuang 2
Sutera Sports World
Matahari Private School
Kiwanis Care Heart Centre
Calvary Victory Centre
Sekolah Menengah Sri Sutera Sekolah Rendah Sri Sutera Tadika Jiwa Cerah
most expressed a great deal of enthusiasm about the positive impact of intergenerational work on older residents’ selfesteem, health, and sense of connectedness to the broader community Henkin et. al (2017)
“MELENTUR BULUH BIARLAH DARI REBUNGNYA” •Basic The engagements may be one-off and contingent on availability of resources or opportunity such as during festive celebrations.
•Intermediate The engagements will take place at regular intervals within a termed period. Examples include regular birthday celebrations or scheduled activities.
•Advanced The engagements will be structured over a long-term period and take place regularly as part of a sustained curriculum. Activities will be integrated into both the childcare curriculum and senior center’s activity schedule
Program Brief
LEARNING
TEACHING AND SHARING SESSION
$$ 1
Art & Craft
Religious
Baking Gardening
Be active and productive so that they can continue to contribute to the family, society and country. U3A (2018)
1
Expert
Yoga
Frequent participation in mentally stimulating activities are associated with a reduced risk of dementia Stern C. (2010)
Elderly
Community
2 Legend: 1 Teaching / Sharing 2 Observation
Based on the caregivers’ observation, elderly residents
tended to copy the majority’s behavior. That is, if the majority were doing something, they wanted to follow. This finding was in line with the theory of social proof, claiming that an individual may
determine what is suitable, appropriate or correct behavior based upon the extent of the behavior demonstrated by others.
Li et al (2020)
Timeline 12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
Student (weekdays-morning session) 12AM
Student (weekdays-evening session) 12AM
Student (weekend-Friday) 12AM
Student (weekdays-Saturday session) 12AM
Worker (office hours) 12AM
Finding: • By having this timetable observation, the management can set and determine the operational hours for elderly to start their works especially for workshop and class:
LEGEND: SLEEP
Worker (shift hours) 12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
WAKE UP SCHOOL HOURS
Operation Hours (weekdays) 12AM
6AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
REST HOURS
FAMILY TIME TUITION/ CO-CURRICULUM WORKING HOURS OPERATION HOURS CLOSE
Operation Hours (weekend)
Teaching & Learning Program (Formal Interaction Spaces)
Art & Cratf Workshop
Library
Gymnasium & Yoga Classes
Teaching & Learning Program (Formal Interaction Spaces)
Religious Classes
Baking Workshop
Gardening Workshop
Thank You!