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A Compendium of the comparative grammar of the Indo-European, Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin languages (Part II)
August Schleicher Herbert Bendall
A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European, Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin languages (Part II)
August Schleicher Herbert Bendall
Alpha Editions
This edition published in 2020 ISBN : 9789354170492 (Hardback) ISBN : 9789354174254 (Paperback)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
II.
A.
80.
MOKPHOLOGY.
BOOTS AND STEMS.
The form of the Indo-European word. All Indo-European words originally of one form
81.
Boot-formation. The different forms
of root; transposition of
.
.
164
Stem-formation. 1.
Stems from unmodified root
166
2.
Stems formed by means of suffixes Primary and secondary suffixes
167
Composition
168
3.
1.
166
The formation of derived verb-stems.
83. Derived verb-stems in general
;
distinction
verbs and derived- verbs 84.
161
vowel a in
roots 82.
.
Verb- stems in origl. Indo-European
..."
171 -ya- (-a-ya-}.
173
174
Sanskrit
Greek (verbs in -e, Latin (verbs in
between stem-
-oo>, -a&>)
-a-, -e-, -z-)
.
999U?
176 177
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
IV
PAGE
85.
Noun-stems used
as verb-stems,
without change. 180
Sanskrit
86.
Greek
180
Latin
183
Yerb-stems, formed by reduplicating the root and adding -sa- except in the present --. t
184
Sanskrit 2.
Those noun-stems most closely allied to verb-stems (participles
and
infinitives), etc.
The root without suffix
87. I.
the same time
Indo-European
185
Sanskrit (infinitive)
185
Greek
(infinitive of the
compound
88. II.
aorist)
186 187
Latin
Stems with suffix
-a-.
Indo-European
187
Sanskrit (infinitive)
187
Greek
189
Latin 88a. III.
189
Stems with suffix
--.
Indo-European
190
Sanskrit
190
Greek
191
Latin
191
88b. IY.
Stems with suffix
-u-.
191
Indo-European Sanskrit
191
Greek
191
Latin 89.
is at
noun-stem.
a
Y. 1.
192
Stems with suffix -ya- as a
primary
suffix
Indo-European
-ya-. .
193 193
Sanskrit (part, necessit.)
193
Greek
194
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
194
Latin 2. -ya- as a
secondary
195
suffix
Sanskrit (participia necessit. in -tavya-, -aniya-}
Greek
.
.
.
197
Latin
Note 90. VI.
2.
198
Part. nee. in -endo-
Stems with suffix
-va- (-van-}.
200
Indo-European
200
Sanskrit
91.
195 197
(part, in -reo-)
Greek
200
Latin
200
Stems with, suffix -ma-, and suffixes which have -ma- as their first element (-man-, -ma-na-,
VII.
-ma-nt-}.
Indo-European
203
Sanskrit (-ma-, -man-, -mant-, -min-}
203
Greek
(-ytto-,
-pov-, -pev-,
-fjuovrj-,
204
-fuv-, -/-tar-)
Latin (-mo-, -men-, -mon-, -mento-, -monio-}
205
Participial suffix -ma-na-
206
.
206
Indo-European Sanskrit (part. med. and pass, in -mdna-, -ana-).
Greek 92.
.
206 207
Latin (2 p. pi. med.-pass.) VIII. Stems with suffix origl.
209 -ra-.
Indo-European
210
Sanskrit
210
Greek
.
210 211
IX. Stems with suffix
-an-.
211
Sanskrit
93a.
.
(part, med., inf.)
Latin 93.
.
Greek
212
Latin
212
X. Stems with suffix
-ana-.
212
Indo-European Sanskrit
Greek
(infin. in -evai, eiv)
, .
212 213
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VI
PAGE
214
Latin 94.
XI. Steins with suffix
-na-.
Sanskrit
214
Greek
215
Latin
215
Suff. -na- forming past part, pass
215
Indo-Eur
215
Sanskrit
215
Greek
215
216
Latin 95.
XII. Stems with suffix
-ni-.
216
Indo-European Sanskrit (infin.)
216
Greek
216 217
Latin 95a. 96.
XIII. Stems with suffix
XIY. Stems with suffix
-nu-.
-ta-\
past part. pass.
Indo-European
218
Sanskrit
218
Greek
219 220
Latin Suffixes 97.
whose
first
element
is -ta- (-tdti-, -tat-, -tana-']
XV. Stems with suffixes
.
223
Sanskrit (n. agentis, part, fut.)
Greek
(-rep-, -T^p-, -rop-, -TO/JO-, -rpia-, -rpiS-, -T/JO-,
-0po-, -T\O-, -T\T/-, -0\o-, -0X?7-) Latin (part. fut. in -turo- ; secondary formations of
by means
of -ya-
and
224 -tcur-
226
-lc-)
Latin suffix -Iro98.
227
XVI. Stems with suffix
-ti-.
228
Indo-European Sanskrit
(inf.,
gerunds in
Greek (shortening Latin (--, 99.
221
-tar-, -tra-.
to -T-, secondary formation into -crta-)
-tio, -tion-)
XVII. Stems with suffix Indo-European
228
-tya-, -ya-)
.
.
.
229 230
-tu-.
231
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Vll PAGE
Sanskrit
Greek
suff
.
-tuo-, -tuti-, -tudon-, -tudin-)
XYIII. Stems with suffix Sanskrit
Greek 101.
;
(inf. in
.
.
234
-dhyai)
235
(inf. in -
Since the suffixes of the Indo-European so). from roots originally independent, it bethus arise language comes clear why the suffixes, as regards step-formation, are vak
ta,
treated in precisely the
-a-mi
'
same way as the chief -roots .
bhar-a-ti
'
stretches,'
bhar-
(e.g.
I bear,' with a of stem-formative sf raised to
beside
a,
he bears/ without step-formation ta-nau-ti he beside ta-nu-masi 'we stretch,' etc.). The exact '
;
formula of the Indo-European word
is
therefore
Rx sx We .
now
treat of chief-roots, meaning- sounds, alone. have not hitherto any accurate investigation into the What sound-comlaws of root-formation in Indo-European. shall
We
the Indo-European ? Could to another at a date as early as that of the Indo-European original language ? What extension of meaning is permitted by a root, and in what cases must binations occur in the roots of
roots
change from one vowel-scale
we assume
original roots phonetically identical but nevertheless Several other similar questions hitherto unanswered might be proposed in this place. Meaning- sounds or roots (chief -roots) are generally separable distinct ?
from the words which they now underlie. The Indo-European roots seem in the first period of the life of the original language to
have possessed a sound-form
still
simpler than that shown
by
roots existing in the actual language, cf. e.g.
Note 1. Transposition of consonants such as is assumed by Alb. Kiihn, liber Wurzelvariation durch Metathesis, Bonn, 1868, e.g. in vid (see) and dw (shine), Sk. pag (bind), origl. pak, and Lat. cap (take), etc., I cannot consider proved. Note2. In a complete grammar of Indo-European this chapter ought to contain a full list not only of those roots which can be proved to be Indo-European, but also of those which are peculiar to individual divisions or families (fundamental languages) of the Indo-European language. Note 3. Hindu gram-mar, which is in this respect still followed by many European philologists, assumes no verbal-roots in a.
Hindu grammarians mark
raised
form
(e.g.
roots ending in a either (1) in the dha put, da give, instead of dha, da), or (2) give n and y, which arise from the formation of the
to the root final present stem, and therefore originally belonged to a suffix hve cry, instead of hva, hu of ga (e.g. gan be born, instead rdi bark, instead of ra), or (3) mark them with o, which obviously does no more than indicate certain peculiarities of these roots in forming their tense- stems, since in really existing forms ;
;
nowhere appears 92 sqq.
o
(e.g. co
sharpen, for
ca, a$).
Of. Beitr.
ii.
81.
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