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WINDMILLS PLUS In󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃

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Collins Connect

Teacher’s Manual Social Studies

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TA

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P P RE

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GE

Adheres to

National Education Policy ATO RY

WINDMILLS PLUS In󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃󰉃

5

Teacher’s Manual Social Studies

Collins Connect

Series Editor

Padmini Sriraman

Preface Windmills Plus is an integrated semester course for Classes 1 to 5. The course adheres to the guidelines of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and is designed to offer a comprehensive learning package that covers English, Mathematics, Science, Environmental Studies, Social Studies and General Knowledge through 10 Coursebooks and 5 Workbooks. The course package for each semester consists of a Coursebook and Workbook for the students, and Teacher’s Resource book and DigiSuite for the teachers. The books provide ample opportunities to the students to learn, explore and practise new concepts effortlessly across different subjects through an integrated and cross-curricular approach. Windmills Plus facilitates faster acquisition of knowledge and learning by helping the learners make interdisciplinary connections through cross-curricular links given in the lessons that ensure a rich learning experience. Through a good balance between teacher-led and learner-initiated activities, and the enquiry and skill-based approach, these books help reinforce learning at each level, and contribute to the overall development of the affective and cognitive abilities in students. Windmills Teacher’s Manuals for Social Studies are designed to help the teachers prepare students for the course. This resource book includes detailed Lesson Plans, Answer Keys and Additional Worksheets with answers for all the chapters. The period-wise lesson plans provide the objectives of the lesson, the resources to be used, activities to be done while teaching, and methods to tackle the review exercises and student’s assessment. The additional worksheets would facilitate periodic assessment. Key Features •  Detailed Lesson Plans for all chapters given period-wise •  Suggestions for additional activities for teaching in the lesson plans •  Additional Worksheets to facilitate assessment for each chapter •  Answer keys with answers to all questions in the book •  Answer keys with answers to all additional worksheets •  Answer keys with answers to the workbook The series is supported by Collins DigiSuite for Teachers that comprises an interactive e-book enhanced with animations, audio and interactive exercises, Teacher’s Manuals and a Test Generator for to facilitate creation of assessment papers. We hope teachers and learners would find this series purposeful in meeting their learning and curriculum objectives. We value your association with us, and welcome your feedback on the series. To share your feedback, please e-mail us at [email protected]

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CONTENTS SEMESTER 1 I. Lesson Plans

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1. Globes and Maps

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2. Latitudes and Longitudes

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3. Movements of the Earth

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4. Continents and Oceans

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5. Climatic Zones of the Earth

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6. The Equatorial Region

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7. Temperate Grasslands

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8. Desert Region

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9. Frigid Zone

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Values Corner

24

II. Additional Worksheets

29

III. Answer Keys

38



Coursebook Answers

38



Worksheet Answers

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Workbook Answers

50

SEMESTER 2

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I. Lesson Plans

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1. Environmental Pollution

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2. Evolution of Transport and Communication

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3. India Over the Ages

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4. British Period in India

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5. Attaining Freedom

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6. Indian Government

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7. United Nations

67



Values Corner

69

II. Additional Worksheets

74

III. Answer Keys

81



Coursebook Answers

81



Worksheet Answers

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Workbook Answers

90

Semester 1

1. Globes and Maps Time Required: 5 periods

Textbook Reference: Pages 259–264

Concepts Types of maps, globe, axis, symbols, key

Teaching Materials Posters on maps, worksheets, model of globe, charts and pictures

Learning outcomes LESSON PLAN

After this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the difference between a map and a globe • Understand the types of maps • Learn to locate places • Learn to draw map of their school

Periods Period 1 Concepts: Globes, map, axle

Methodology Hang a map and place a globe on the table and tell students that they will learn about them in today’s class. Ask students to answer the questions in Take off and Warm up. Globe is mounted on an axle so that it can spin just like the Earth spins on its axis.

Assess • Define a map and globe • Explain the uses of map and globe. • Locate the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean on a map.

A map is a drawing of the Earth’s surface or a part of it on a flat surface. Maps are useful when we want to study only a part of the Earth or a specific country.

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Period 2

Maps are primarily of three kinds.

Concept: Types of maps

Physical maps show natural features of the Earth, such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and oceans.

• Make a chart showing map symbols.

Political maps show cities, towns and villages, and different countries and states with their boundaries. Thematic maps provide specific information of rainfall, vegetation, industries and minerals. Period 3 Concept: Symbols, scale, directions

Some of the components of a map are scale, directions, signs, symbols and colours The teacher explains about the symbols, key, cardinal directions and subdirections.

• Define the term scale. • Students are asked to make compass showing all directions.

Why colours are used in a map? Discuss colours used in a map. The teacher recalls the types of map and makes students to differentiate the map and globe. Ask students to complete the activities and answer the questions in Do It Yourself, Find out, Think and Enjoy.

Period 5

Ask the students to answer the questions in Work out.

LESSON PLAN

Period 4

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2. Latitudes and Longitudes Time Required: 6 periods

Textbook Reference: Pages 265–270

Concepts Parallels of latitude, lines of longitude, imaginary lines, hemisphere, prime meridian

Teaching Materials Map, globe, whiteboard, worksheets

Learning Outcomes LESSON PLAN

After this lesson, students will be able to: • Define latitudes and longitudes • Mark the important lines of latitude • Define prime meridian

Periods Period 1 and 2 Concepts: Parallels of latitude, lines of longitude, equator, hemisphere

Methodology Begin the class by pointing out the imaginary lines on a globe. Ask students to answer the questions in Take off and Warm up.

• Define the parallels of latitude and lines of longitude.

The imaginary lines running horizontal from east to west are called the lines of latitude. The lines running vertically from the north to the south are called the lines of longitude.

• Which latitude divides the earth into two equal parts?

The distance between the lines of latitude is always the same. They are also called parallels of latitudes. The 0° latitude is called the equator. It is the longest latitude. The equator divides the Earth into two equal parts. The part of the Earth between the North Pole and the equator is called the Northern Hemisphere. The part of the Earth between the South Pole and the equator is called the Southern Hemisphere.

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Assess

Period 3 Concepts: Meridians, Greenwich Meridian

There are four other important parallels of latitudes. Tropic of Cancer (23½°N) Tropic of Capricorn (23½°S) Arctic Circle (66½° N) Antarctic Circle (66½° S)

• Name the four important parallels of latitude. • Locate the lines of latitude in the given map. • Draw a globe and mark the latitudes on it.

The lines of longitude meet at a point at the north and south poles. They are also called meridians. The 0° longitude is the prime meridian or Greenwich meridian the teacher shows the same in the map. Period 4

How to locate a place?

Concepts: Locating places

The point where the latitude and the longitude of a place intersect each other is the exact location of that place. Activity

Period 5

Ask students to complete the activities and answer the questions in Do It Yourself, Find out, Think and Enjoy.

Period 6

Ask the students to answer the questions in Work out.

LESSON PLAN

The students are asked to locate their state and India in a given atlas. The teacher recalls what was taught by questioning the students.

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3. Movements of the Earth Time Required: 6 periods

Textbook Reference: Pages 271–276

Concepts Rotation, revolution, orbit, axis

Teaching Materials Globe, pictures, map

Learning Outcomes LESSON PLAN

After this lesson, students will be able to: • Learn the effects of rotation and revolution • Learn the movement of the Earth on its axis • Learn the movements of the Earth • Learn how the ocean currents are caused

Periods

Methodology

Period 1

Begin the class by asking questions:

Concept: Rotation

• How is the day and night caused? • How are the seasons caused?

Assess • How are days and nights caused? • Define rotation.

Demonstration Teacher does a demonstration with the candle and a globe in the center, the side facing the candle gets the light hence it is day and the other side becomes dark and it is night. Ask students to answer the questions in Take off and Warm up.

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Period 2

Explain with the help of a picture:

• What is an axis?

Concept: Revolution, axis, orbit

The Earth moves around the Sun in a fixed path called orbit. This movement is called revolution.

• How are seasons caused?

How does the Earth spin?

Earth also spins like a top on its own axis. The axis is the imaginary line passing through the centre of the Earth joining the North Pole and the South Pole. This spinning movement of the Earth is called rotation. How is seasons caused? Period 3 and 4 Concept: Solstice, equinox, winter solstice

We know that the revolution of the Earth causes seasons. Every year the Earth has special positions known as solstices and equinoxes. Explain the solstice and equinox. On 21 June every year, the Northern Hemisphere tilts towards the Sun.

• What are solstices and equinoxes? • Students are asked to draw the sun and Earth and show the day and night effect.

All regions in the Southern Hemisphere experience winter during this time. This position of the Earth is called the summer solstice. On 22 December every year, the Tropic of Capricorn receives the direct rays of the Sun as the South Pole tilts towards it.

LESSON PLAN

The reverse condition occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, which experiences winter at this time. This position of the Earth is called the winter solstice. The direct rays of the Sun fall on the equator twice a year, on 21 March and 23 September. At this position, neither of the Poles are tilted towards the Sun. As a result, the entire Earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This condition is called an equinox. Recall the lesson with the help of a flowchart. Period 5

Ask students to complete the activities and answer the questions in Do It Yourself, Find out, Think and Enjoy.

Period 6

Ask the students to answer the questions in Work out.

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4. Continents and Oceans Time Required: 7 periods

Textbook Reference: Pages 277–284

Concepts Continents, oceans, Pangea, Eurasia, Australasia

Teaching Materials Map, atlas, pictures

Learning Outcomes LESSON PLAN

After this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the location of continents • Know about the ocean life • Know the use of land and learn to protect it

Periods Period 1 Concepts: Huge landmasses, continents, Pangea

Methodology

Assess

Start the class with a continent song. Show a world map and then explain the following:

• Define the term continent.

Millions of years ago, there was only one huge continent called Pangea, which later split to form the seven continents that we know today. Ask students to answer the questions in Take off and Warm up.

Period 2 and 3 Concepts: Continents, oceans

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How many continents and oceans are there in the world?

• Name the seven continents.

There are seven continents on the Earth— Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.

• How many oceans are there? Name them.

The huge water bodies on the Earth’s surface are called oceans. There are five oceans on the Earth—the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean. The teacher further explains about each continent in detail and shows the map and location. Point out the oceans and explains that the continents Asia and Europe are together referred to as Eurasia. Question: Which continent is called the frozen continent? Period 4 and 5 Concepts: Eurasia, land and oceans and their importance

The teacher talks about Antarctica and Australia which is called an island continent. The students are asked to speak on the importance of land and ocean.

• ______ is called the island continent. • Mark the continents and oceans on a world map. • Make a flashcard on continent with facts.

LESSON PLAN

The teacher explains that land is important for people. Landmasses on the Earth’s surface are made up of rocks and minerals. While rocks can be used for different types of construction, minerals find a variety of uses in industries and fuels. Land also provides us soil, which is vital for cultivation and is also a place to live.

• Which islands put together are called Australasia?

Oceans are important as they are home to a wide variety of marine life, which is a source of livelihood for many people around the world. The teacher conducts a quiz and recalls the main points of the lesson Period 6

Ask students to complete the activities and answer the questions in Do It Yourself, Find out, Think and Enjoy.

Period 7

Ask the students to answer the questions in Work out.

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5. Climatic Zones of the Earth Time Required: 7 periods

Textbook Reference: Pages 285–292

Concepts Weather, climate, seasons, altitude

Teaching Materials Pictures, videos, maps, atlas

Learning Outcomes LESSON PLAN

After this lesson, students will be able to: • Know the difference between weather and climate • Understand the climatic zones and their location • Learn the reasons of climate changes

Concepts

Methodology

Period 1

Begin the lesson by asking few questions:

Concept: Weather

• Why do we sweat some days and feel cold some days?

Assess Define weather.

• Why some places are cold all through the year? • How are the seasons caused? Ask students to answer the questions in Take off and Warm up. Period 2 Concept: Climate, altitude

Movement of the Earth around the Sun causes seasons. Explain the reasons for climate change.

• Define climate.

• The distance from the equator.

• What is a land breeze?

• Altitude of the place • Distance from the sea. • Direction of wind

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• What is altitude? • What is a sea breeze?

Period 3 Concept: Climatic zones

She explains about the sea breeze and land breeze. Cool air from the sea rushes in to fill the vacuum over the land. It is called the sea breeze. The warm air above the sea rises up and cooler air from the land rushes in to take its place. This is called land breeze.

• Name the the main climatic zones. • Students are asked to make a model depicting the zones as a group activity.

The map is hung and the various climate zones are shown and the latitudes are marked. Period 4 and 5

Torrid Zone

Concepts: Hemispheres

The northern part between 0° and 23½°N is called the North Torrid Zone, and the southern part between 0° and 23½°S is called the South Torrid Zone. Temperate Zone

LESSON PLAN

The Temperate Zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer to the Arctic Circle (66½°N) in the Northern Hemisphere and from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Antarctic Circle (66½°S) in the Southern Hemisphere Frigid Zone The Frigid Zone lies between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole (90°N) in the Northern Hemisphere, and between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole (90°S) in the Southern Hemisphere. The climate and the countries located in these zones are discussed with students. Activity Ask students to mark the countries and zones in the map after referring to the atlas. Period 6

Ask students to complete the activities and answer the questions in Do It Yourself, Find out, Think and Enjoy.

Period 7

Ask the students to answer the questions in Work out.

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WINDMILLS PLUS 5 Teacher’s Manual Integrated Semester Course

Social Studies

Windmills Plus is an integrated semester course for Classes 1 to 5 which provides a comprehensive learning experience to the young learners in their formative years. The series adheres to the guidelines of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and is designed to offer a comprehensive learning package that covers English, Mathematics, Environmental Studies/Science, Social Studies and General Knowledge through 10 Coursebooks. The Teacher’s Manuals for the Social Studies section are planned to assist teachers in multiple ways. They have been prepared to facilitate teachers make optimum use of their class time. These manuals can be used to reinforce critical thinking and real-life applications of the concepts in the students.

KEY FEATURES • Learning Outcomes

• Keywords

• Lesson Plans

• Materials Required for teaching sessions as well as activity sessions • Coursebook Answers and clues for all exercises and assessments • Additional Worksheets

• Worksheet Answers NEW

• Workbook Answers

Collins DigiSuite for Teachers

Installation-free digital solution for an effective, user-friendly and engaging classroom experience • Available for online/offline use • Runs on PCs, laptops, mobiles, tablets, smart TVs and more • Runs on Windows, Linux, Android and iOS

Multimedia eBook

Multimedia eBook

Consists of Animations, Audio, Videos, Slide Shows and Interactive Exercises

Learning Tools

Learning Tools Includes level appropriate Science Cart, Instructor-Led Tutorials, Scientist Timeline and Periodic Table

Collins Dictionary

Teacher’s Resource Books Test Generator

Collins Dictionary Contains a level appropriate Dictionary for ready reference

Teacher’s Resource Books Comprises Lesson Plans, Answer Keys, Worksheets, Projects and sample Question Papers

Test Generator Is a Question Paper Creator with multiple options; includes a Question Bank with additional questions

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