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A Look at Historical and Modern Barley Varieties and Their ... Flipbook PDF
Variation in barley, in malt, and in beer: Genes, proteins, metabolites x environment Barley grain: Malt, feed; hulled,
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A Look at Historical and Modern Barley Varieties and Their Importance to the Craft Brewing Industry Pat Hayes, Ryan Graebner, Alfonso Cuesta-Marcos Department Crop and Soil Science Plant Breeding Program Oregon State University Corvallis, OR USA Tom Nielsen, Sierra Nevada Brewing Dan Carey, New Glarus Brewing John Mallet, Bell’s Brewery Vinnie Cilurzo, Russian River Brewing
The hypothesis: Barley can contribute desirable flavors to beer. Positive flavor attributes were lost during the recent history of intensive breeding.
Barley grain
Barley malt
Beer
Variation in barley, in malt, and in beer: Genes, proteins, metabolites x environment Barley grain: Malt, feed; hulled, naked; colored, white
Barley malt: 1 – 600oL
Beer: 1 – 30 SRM
Assessing flavor in malt and beer – a fine art/noble science
But barley????? The two schools: 1. Why would barley NOT contribute desirable flavors to beer? Current barleys bred to not have flavor. 2. Why would barley contribute to flavor? It is all in the type of malt, the yeast, the hop, the adjunct, and/or the water.
Why would barley NOT contribute desirable flavors to beer? Current barleys bred to not have flavor. Therefore, look back a bit……. In 2011-2012 we grew the USDA National Small Grains Germplasm World Core collection at Corvallis, Oregon
An experiment supported by the USDA Triticeae CAP Project with the goal of finding genes conferring resistance to barley stripe rust (a fungal pathogen). 2062 accessions from around the world – mostly land races, heirloom varieties 9,000 gene sequences (SNPs) characterized in each accession
TTTGGGAGCATCTCAGYGATGACGCT ||||||||||||| |||||||||||| TTTGGGAGCATCTTAGYGATGACGCT (SNP 11_10855 on Chromosome H7)
2062 grown 709 harvested 509 selected 114 malted (Thanks to Rahr Malting Company)
2062 grown 12 sensory assessments Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
Malt quality and genetic diversity Total Protein
Malt extract
Malt quality and genetic diversity Diastatic Power
Alpha Amylase
Malt quality and genetic diversity FAN
Beta Glucan
Sensory data – Sierra Nevada rating system (current/preliminary)
Congress Wort Tasting Results Sierra Nevada A
A
AB
AB
AB
B
A
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
Descriptions of Congress Wort sample 290 “Pelileo” – Ecuador Odor
Taste
Clean Malty Slight Sweet Slight Roasty Slight Grainy
Slight Chocolate Moderately Sweet Low Malty Slight Husky
Descriptions of Congress Wort sample 1267 “Bargiers” - Algeria
Odor
Taste
Peanut Slight Rubber Green / Grassy Sprouty Dusty
Fatty Acid / Goaty Moderate Sweetness Peanut Flavor Dirty
2013 harvest plans Flavor main effects (Corvallis, OR) Environment effects (terroir) (Saint Paul, MN, Saskatoon, SASK) Replicated wort flavor sensory Beer flavor sensory 114 accessions + checks Select subsets (?)
SPMN Plant 10g Harvest 100g
CORV Plant 20g Harvest 2kg
SASK Plant 5g Harvest 100g
Rahr Mal