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Autocad Training Manual Flipbook PDF
Autocad Training Manual 2009
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COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING
AUTOCAD 2009 HARIS FREDDY ISMAIL
Getting Started In this lesson, you will learn how to start AutoCAD, open a new drawing, use the mouse and work with commands.
1)
Open AutoCAD by clicking on it’s icon. The AutoCAD window will open with an empty drawing file named Drawing1.dwg.
2)
Before moving on the next lesson, familiarize with the areas of the areas of the AutoCAD window. If your screen look different, type Options > enter > Profiles > Reset.
Work with Commands You can choose commands from several different kind of menus : Menu Browser – accessed from the bright red button at the top left of the application window. The Object Snap Menu – displayed when you hold down SHIFT and click the right mouse button. - facilitate precision drawing by snapping the cursor onto a feature on an object. Shortcut Menus –displayed when you click the right mouse button. - Different menus are displayed when you right-click an object, the drawing area, a toolbar, or within a dialog box, palette or window.
Command Line You can initiate commands by typing them on the command line within the command window instead of using toolbars or menus.
Additionally, some commands must be completed on the command line, regardless of how the are started.
Some command have abbreviated names or command aliases. For example, you can enter C as an alias for Circle.
After you type the command on the command line, press ENTER or SPACEBAR to start the command. You can also repeat the previous command by pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR.
Use the Dynamic Input provides a command interface near the cursor to help you keep your focus in the drafting area.
When it is on, tooltips display information near the cursor that is dynamically updated as the cursor moves. When a command is active, the tooltips provide a place for user entry.
After you type a value in an input field and press TAB, the field then display a lock icon, and the cursor is constrained by the value that you entered. You can then enter a value for the second input field.
Alternatively, if you type a value and press ENTER, the second input field is ignored and the value is interpreted as direct distance entry.
To turn Dynamic Input on or off, press F12.
Draw Lines In this lesson, you will learn how to draw a line, a series of connected lines, and an object created with lines. In addition, you learn how to select and erase lines.
1) 2)
On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > Line.
3)
The other two text boxes show the location of the cursor. Use the mouse to move the cursor around and notice the coordinates change.
4)
In the empty drawing, click the mouse to pick a start point for your first line. The dynamic prompt changes to “specify next point or”.
5)
Drag the cursor in any direction and click to pick the end point of your line. Other text boxes appear with additional information about the line.
6)
Press the Enter key on your keyboard to end the line.
Drag the mouse down to the empty drawing. A crosshairs cursor appears with three text boxes. The “specify first point” box is called the dynamic prompt.
Zoom & Pan Using Mouse Wheel The easiest way to zoom in and out of your drawing is with the mouse wheel. With the cursor in the drawing area, zoom in by scrolling the mouse wheel up and zoom out by scrolling the mouse wheel down. To display the entire drawing in the drawing area using the mouse wheel.
1) 2)
Use the mouse wheel to zoom in to magnify a section of the drawing. To display the entire drawing in the drawing area, double-click the mouse wheel.
TIP – if you zoom in and notice that arcs and circles lose their smoothness, or if you cannot zoom in or out beyond a limit, you can regenerate the display. Enter regenall as dynamic input and press Enter.
Panning You can pan your drawing to reposition the view without changing the magnification level.
1)
With the cursor in the drawing area, press and hold down the mouse wheel. A hand icon will appear.
2) 3) 4)
Drag the mouse to pan the drawing. Let go of the mouse wheel to stop panning. Zoom in using the mouse wheel, and then pan the drawing. Notice that the magnification stays the same as you pan.
Create a new Drawing 1) 2) 3) 4)
Open AutoCAD. Click “new” under the home tab. In the Select Template dialog box, select acad.dwt. Click open to open acad.dwt template.
Drawing Units In this lesson, you learn how to set the drawing unit and the scale for a drawing. Before you start a drawing, you must first decide what drawing units to use.
In AutoCAD, distances are measured in drawing units. In a drawing, one drawing unit may equal to one inch, one millimeter, one meter or one mile.
Before you begin drawing, you decide what one drawing unit will represent. AutoCAD does not include a setting that determines the length of a drawing unit. After you decide what drawing units to use, you can set the format of the drawing units. The format settings available for linear units include : Architectural : a length of 15.5 units displayed as 1’ -3 ½” Decimal : a length of 15.5 units displayed as 15.5000 Engineering : a length of 15.5 units displayed as 1’ -3.5” To open the drawing units window, type “units” in the command line.
Angular Units * * * * * *
Unit Type
12.5 Angular Units
180 Angular Units
Description
Decimal Degrees
12.500
180.000
Metric units
Deg/Min/Sec
12d30’0’’
180d0’00’’
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
Grads
13.889g
200.000g
400 grads = 360 degrees
Radians
0.218r
3.142r
2 Pi radians = 360
Surveyor
N 77d30’0’’
W
Compass bearings
Drawing Utilities > Units Click In the Drawing Units dialog box, under Length, select the following values: Type: Decimal Precision: 0.0000
To set the Grid Spacing & Grid Limits * On the status bar, right-click the Grid button. Click Settings * In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & grid tab, ensure the Grid On (F7) is selected. * Under Grid Spacing: - In the Grid X Spacing box: enter 0.050 to set the horizontal grid spacing in units ( as well as in the Grid Y Spacing to set the vertical grid) At the Command prompt - enter limits and press enter - press enter to accept the default coordinate value of 0,0 to specify the lower left corner of the drawing limits. - enter 480,360 to specify the upper-right corner of the grid limits
To turn on Snap mode
On the status bar, click the Snap Mode button to turn it on NOTE if you do not see the Snap Mode button, right-click the status bar and Status Toggles > Snap (F9)
•
Using object snap is the best way to specify an exact location on an object without having to use coordinates (e.g to draw a line to the exact center of a circle)
To display & enable Object Snap
1.
On the status bar, click the Object Snap button to turn it on (If you do not see, Snap (F3).
2. At any prompt that request a point, you can specify a single object snap by holding down Shift, right-clicking and choosing an object snap from the Object Snap menu.
To specify an Object Snap
With Drawing1.dwg open, on the ribbon, click Home tab > draw panel >line
Draw a line in the middle of the drawing area. On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > circle drop-down > Center,Radius
* In this tutorial, you will learn how to do the following - Specify drafting settings - Draw a circle - Draw a polygon - Apply a hatch pattern - Draw an arc - Draw a polyline
Check the status bar to make sure you are in the 2D Drafting & Annotation workspace. Right-click the Object Snap icon in the status bar at the bottom of the window, and select Settings
In the Object Snap tab, make sure the Object snap On option is selected. Also, select the Endpoint Midpoint Center for the Object Snap modes, Makes sure the other options are not selected. Select OK.
Ribbon
Home > Draw
Menu
Draw > Circle > Center, Radius
Keyboard
CIRCLE
Short-cut
C
1. With Drawing1.dwg open > Ribbon > Home > Draw panel > Circle dropdown menu > Center, Radius 2. Drag the crosshairs cursor down to the drawing area 3. Click the left mouse button to specify the center of the circle 4. The dynamic input prompt asks you to “Specify radius of circle.” Enter 3.25 from the keyboard & press the Enter key to create a circle with a radius of 3.25.
Ribbon
Home > Draw
Menu
Draw > Polygon
Keyboard
POLYGON
Short-cut
POL
A polygon is an equilateral closed polyline with between 3 and 1024 sides. Creating polygons is a simple way to draw equilateral triangles, squares, pentagons & hexagons. 1. On the ribbon > Home > Draw panel > Polygon 2. Drag the cursor down to the drawing area. In the dynamic prompt, use the keyboard to enter 6 to specify the number of sides of the polygon.
Ribbon
Home > Draw
Menu
Draw > Hatch
Keyboard
HATCH
Short-cut
H
-You can fill a closed boundary with a predefined hatch pattern -One type of pattern is called solid, which fills an area with a solid color. To use a predefined hatch pattern 1. On the ribbon > Home > Draw panel > Hatch 2. In the Hatch & Gradient dialog box, click Add: Pick Points 3. Click inside the polygon to select it. Do not select an edge of the polygon. Press the Enter key. 4. In the hatch & Gradient dialog box, Hatch tab, under Type & Pattern group box,
Open Click In the Select File dialog box, browse to C:/MyDocuments/Tutorials/and select the bolt_add_arc.dwg file Click Open. To make it easier to add the arc, zoom in on the bolt and pan to bring it into view. On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > 3point Drag the cursor down to the bolt drawing. The word “endpoint” will appear in the dynamic input cursor.
* Polyline is a sequence of segments created as a single object.
* It contain both straight & curved segment Open 1. Click In the Select File dialog box, browse to C:/MyDocuments/Tutorials/and select the bolt_add_polyline.dwg file
On the ribbon, click Home tab > Draw panel > polyline
Drag the cursor down to the bolt drawing.
* Select Objects to Edit * Erase, Extend & Trim Objects * Duplicate Objects * Move & Rotate Objects * Fillet Corners * Use Editing Aids * Analyze Drawings
* Two methods to specify which objects to modify: - Choose the command first. Choose an editing command & select objects to modify - Choose the objects first. Select object and start the editing command. Object Selection Method - Select individual objects. Click objects individually. - Specify a selection area. Click a rectangular area around the objects to be selected. Specify a Selection Area - Drag from left to right to create a window selection You can remove - Drag from right to left to create a crossing objects from the selection. selection set by pressing SHIFT & clicking them
* These methods delete objects or change their lengths: - Erase deletes the entire object - Extend lengthens an object to a precise boundary - Trim shortens an object to a precise boundary & removes the excess.
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Erase
Keyboard
ERASE
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Extend
Keyboard
EXTEND
Short-cut
E
Short-cut
EX
They end precisely at a boundary defined by other objects. Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Trim
Keyboard
TRIM
Short-cut
TR
* There are several ways to make copies of objects: - Copy creates new objects at a specified location. - Offset creates new objects at a specified distance from selected objects - Mirror creates a mirror image of objects around a specified mirror line.
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Copy
Menu
Modify > Offset
Keyboard
OFFSET
Keyboard COPY
Short-cut (CP)
Short-cut (MI)
* To copy an object, you select one or more objects to copy. specify a start point, called a base point then, a second point to determine the distance & direction of the copy.
-Offset creates a new object that seems to trace a selected object at a specified distance. - easy way to create parallel lines or concentric circles, use offsetting.
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Mirror
Keyboard
MIRROR
Short-cut
MI
- Mirror object around a mirror line, which you define with two points. -Then choose to delete or retain the original objects. - it is useful for creating symmetrical objects. -It also can draw half the object & quickly mirror it rather than draw the whole object.
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Move
Keyboard
MOVE
Short-cut
M
-Move object the same way that you copy them. - select the object to move, specify the base point & a second point to determine the distance & direction of the move Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Rotate
Keyboard
ROTATE
Short-cut
RO
Rotate object by specifying a base point & a rotation angle 1. Specify the base point 2. Specify a second point that determines the angle of rotation for the orientation
Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Fillet
Keyboard
FILLET
Short-cut
F
-Use the radius option of the fillet command to specify arc radius of the fillet. -Changing the radius sets the default radius for subsequent fillets -- one useful technique is to set the fillet radius to 0. (result: two objects intersecting in a sharp corner, no arc is created.
* - help you modify drawing efficiently: * - Grips edit objects using your cursor and a shortcut menu. (Grips- small squares and arrows that appear on an objet after it has been selected). * Analyze drawings * You can extract information from your model using the inquiry commands. The most commonly used one is the DIST and AREA commands. * To measure distance Ribbon
Tools > Inquiry
Menu
Tools > Inquiry > Distance
Keyboard
DIST
Short-cut
DI
* Use DIST to determine the relationship between two points. You can display the information such as: * - distance between to drawing units, angle between points, difference between XYZ coordinates values
* Ribbon
Tools>inquiry
Menu
Tools>inquiry>Area
Keyboard
AREA
Shortcut
AA
-Can obtain the area, perimeter, and mass properties defined by selected objects or a sequence of points. -- it also can calculate and display the area and perimeter of a sequence of points. -TipA fast way to calculate an area bounded by several objects in 2D is to use the BOUNDARY command. (BOUNDARY- you can pick a point within the area to create a closed polyline or region. You can then use the Properties palette or the LIST command to find the area and perimeter of the polyline or region.
Ribbon
Home>modify
Menu
Modify scale
Keyboard
scale
Shortcut
SC
You can make an object uniformly larger or smaller To scale an object, you specify a base point and a scale factor. Alternatively, you can specify a length to be used as a scale factor based on the current drawing units.
* Object properties overview * Colour, Linetype, & Layer * By layer – objects that are drawn on that layer automatically use those properties * Individual properties – regardless of the layer that they are drawn on
* The layer command * Control visibility, colour, & linetype of layers independently Ribbon
Home>Layers
Menu
Format>layers
Keyborad
LAYERS
Shortcut
LA
* Controlling layer status * Turning layers on and off, locking & unlocking layers, making the layer a current layer, the match properties command
* Create & Modify Text * A text editor provided in AutoCAD consists a set of panels and a text bounding box. It display automatically when using the Multiline Command. Ribbon
Home>Annotation panel>Multiline Text
Menu
Draw>text>multiline text
Keyboard
MTEXT
A
Shortcut MT
Create Text styles Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel> Text Style
Menu
Format > Text Style
Keyboard
STYLE
Short-cut ST
* Font, font styles, height, obliquing angle, orientiation, other text characteristics.
Dimensions overview - General types of Dimension : Linear, Radial, Angular - Dimension parts : dimension line, extension line, dimension text, arrowhead, leader Use dimensioning options
Create center marks and lines – size and style of center mark are controlled by dimension style
Leader lines – leader color, scale, arrowhead style are controlled by current multileader style
Ribbon
Home>Annotation panel>Dimension Style
Menu
Dimension>dimension style
Keyboard
DIMSTYLE
shortcut DST
* Format & position of dimension lines, extension lines, arrowheads & centermarks
* Appearance, position, and behavior of dimension text * Rules governing text placement & dimension * Overall dimension scale * Format and precision of primary, alternate, & angular dimension units
* Format & precision of tolerance units
* 1. Lines: sets the appearance and behavior of dimension lines & extention lines. * 2. Symbols & Arrows: sets the appearance, placement and alignment * 3. Text: sets the dimension text appearance, placement and alignment * 4. Fit: sets options governing placement of dimension lines, extension lines, and text. It also includes the setting for automatic dimension scaling. * 5. Primary Units: sets the format (e.g: decimal, architectural) and precision of linear and angular dimension units * 6. Alternate Units: sets alternate unit format & precision. This feature supports dual dimensions that display (e.g: both metric and imperial units) * 7. Tolerances: sets tolerance values and precision.
* 8. Create New Leader Style Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel > Multileader Style
Menu
Format > Multileader Style
Keyboard
MLEADERSTYLE
Short-cut
MLS
9. Leader Format 10. Content 11. Association Dimensions and Leader - Dimensions are associative. - Leader objects are composed of text, a leader line, and a arrowhead. • if the portion of a leader object is moved, the leader line is also adjusted. •If a leader object is associated with a geometric object, the object is moved, stretched or scaled the arrowhead and the leader object are also updated.
* You can dimension lines, arcs, circles and several types of object.
* Two primary methods for creating dimensions: - Select an object to dimension and specify the dimension line location. - Use object snaps to specify the extension line origins, then specify the dimension location.
1.
The Linear Dimension Command Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel > Linear
Menu
Dimension > Linear
Keyboard
DIMLINEAR
Short-cut
DLI
2. The Aligned Dimension Command Ribbon
Home> Annotation panel > Aligned
Menu
Dimension > Aligned
Keyboard
DIMALIGNED
Short-cut
DAL
These are dimensions along inclined lines which cannot be dimensioned with the DIMLINEAR dimension command because that command will only give a measured dimension in either a horizontal or vertical direction.
3. The Radius Dimension Command Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel > Radius
Menu
Dimension > Radius
Keyboard
DIMRADIUS
Short-cut
DRA
4. The Angular Dimension Command Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel > Angular
Menu
Dimension > Multileader
Keyboard
MLEADER
Short-cut
DAN
5. The Leader Command Ribbon
Home > Annotation panel > Multileader
Menu
Dimension > Multileader
Keyboard
MLEADER
Short-cut
MLD
* - with grips or with editing commands. * - can also modify or override dimension styles. * - for significant modifications to a dimention, it is usually easier to erase and re-create the dimension.
* - the easiest way to make minor modifications in a dimension is to use grips
* 1. Overview of Blocks - symbols are called blocks. - A block is a collection of objects that are associated into a single object. - Blocks also represent objects such as trees, door, etc. - blocks are typically defined and stored in drawings called block libraries or symbol libraries. - Block may include block attributes which store data. Benefit of Blocks Draw efficiently by inserting, relocating and copying blocks rather than individual objects Build a standard library of frequently used symbols, components, or standard parts. Store associated data with block attributes which can be extracted to create reports. Manage blocks with DesignCenter.
* Two types of blocks: blocks that are internal to your current drawing and those that are external or saved as a separate file. Command
Menu
Result
Block (B)
Draw > Block > Make
Creates a block from separate entities (internal)
Insert (I)
Insert > Block
Inserts a block (internal or external)
Write Block (W)
None
Creates a block & writes it to a file (external)
Block Editor
Tools > Block Editor
Selects a block reference for editing
Creating a Block - Draw a Desktop Computer - The Block Command
* Insert a Block
Ribbon
Home > Block
Menu
Draw > Block> Make
Keyboard
BLOCK
Ribbon
Home > Block
Menu
Insert > Block
Keyboard
Short-cut
B
INSERT
Short-cut
I
WBLOCK
Short-cut
W
* Creating an External Block - Create a chair - The Wblock Command Ribbon Menu Keyboard
Add Hatches Overview of Hatches - A hatch pattern is a standard pattern of lines or dots used to highlight an area in a drawing, or to identify a material (e.g: concrete) - A hatch pattern can also be a solid fill. 1. Use Standard Hatch Patterns 2. Associative Hatches 3. Insert Hatches or Solid Fills 4. Define Hatch Boundaries - can be any combination of objects such as lines, circles, etc.
* Insert Hatches or Solid Fills Ribbon
Home > Draw
Menu
Draw > Hatch
Keyboard
HATCH
Short-cut
H
* Hatch with Solid Color * Editing the Hatch Pattern Ribbon
Home > Modify
Menu
Modify > Object > Hatch
Keyboard
HATCHEDIT
Short-cut
HE
-Modify the hatch by changing the Pattern, Angle, and Scale - Change the pattern to Solid and change the color property.
* The Plot Command Ribbon
Output > Plot
Menu
File > Plot
Keyboard
Plot
Short-cut
Ctrl+P
* Plot Styles - To Override Properties - A plot style is an optional method to control how each object or layer is plotted - The Plot Style Manager is a folder that contains all the available plot style tables and the Add-A-Plot Style wizard.
Two types of plot style tables:
Color-dependent plot style tables: An object’s color determines how it is plotted. Named plot style tables: Plot styles are assigned directly to objects and layers. Use the Plot Style Manager to add, delete, rename, copy and edit plot style tables. You can access the Plot Style manager from the Files menu.