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The Brown Book

April 2011

LMH

Lady Margaret Hall

U N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

Lady Margaret Hall Oxford

The Brown Book

April 2011

Editor Carolyn Carr Gable End, The Mount Tetsworth, Oxfordshire, OX9 7AB [email protected]

Assistant Editors Articles

Obituaries

Vivienne Rösch Alison Gomm Flat 2 3 The College 18 North Tenter Street High Street London Drayton St Leonard E1 8DL OX10 7BB vivienne.rosch alison_gomm @googlemail.com @msn.com

Reviews Judith Garner 1 Rochester Avenue Canterbury Kent CT1 3YE judith01garner @freeuk.com

Lady Margaret Hall Oxford OX2 6QA Telephone: 01865 274362 [email protected] www.lmh.ox.ac.uk The Brown Book is produced by the Lady Margaret Hall Association with the support of the College. Contents page illustration: One of the Medici lions at Osborne House taken from The Gardens of English Heritage by Gillian Mawrey and Linden Groves Printed by Resourceprint Management Ltd, High Wycombe

Contents Editorial LMHA Committee: Membership,   From the President, Report and   Accounts, New Members From the Principal From the Development Director From the Chaplain From the Librarian Gardens Report Gaudy Report 2010: rose-tinted memories of summer days at LMH A King Condemned: the trial and execution of Charles I The Genetic Basis of Females and Males OxFizz: bringing the voluntary back to philanthropy C. S. Lewis Declines an Invitation Senior Members’ Career and Personal News Marriages, Civil Commitments and Unions, Births and Deaths Senior Members’ Publications In Memoriam Book Reviews Examination Results 2010 Matriculated 2010 Editor’s Notes Notices from LMH Dining in College

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2 3 7 8 10 12 14 16 21 25 29 33 35 45 48 53 79 113 117 123 125 127

Editorial The articles in this year’s edition of The Brown Book include two contributions from members of the Senior Common Room. Clive Holmes has given permission for us to reproduce the introduction he wrote this year to a new edition of Veronica Wedgwood’s Trial of Charles the First. From the sciences, Judith Mank has written an article based on the fascinating talk that she gave at last year’s Gaudy about the genetics behind the differences between the sexes. In addition Jamie Dear (2003 Theology) describes the company he has established which continues the charitable tradition of the Hall. We had hoped earlier this year that we would have only a few obituaries in this edition, but the winter has taken its toll, including the sad loss of Alison Brading who was a Tutorial Fellow for 37 years. Equally sadly, we have obituaries for Richard Steele and Fiona Wood, both taken before their time at the age of 43. Each year the reviews include a good selection of historical books, but this year we have a bumper crop! We range from Roman times, with Miranda Aldhouse-Green’s book Caesar’s Druids, through Amanda Foreman writing about the American Civil War and Michael Broers describing Napoleon’s war on bandits and rebels, to the twentieth century where we have Thomas Weber writing about Hitler’s First War. However, we also cover three books on gardens, each with a different focus, from Margaret Willes’s description of 12 treasured flowers, through a scientific study by Jennifer Owen of her garden, to a lavishly illustrated volume on The Gardens of English Heritage by Gillian Mawrey, who has generously contributed two of her photos for us to share. Although I write the Editorial and assemble the News and the reports, the bulk of the leg work for The Brown Book is done by my co-editors, Alison, Judith and Vivienne, and we are all always grateful for the support we receive from Maya Evans in the Development Office. Carolyn Carr Editor

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LADY MARGARET HALL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE 2010–2011 President and Chairman: Mrs Mary Haynes, 40 Edwardes Square, London W8 6HH Vice-Presidents: Mrs Sally Chilver, Miss Catherine Avent, OBE Miss Elizabeth Mackenzie Hon Secretary Ms Alison Gomm, 3 The College, High Street, Drayton St Leonard, OX10 7BB Hon Treasurer Mr David Sewell, 10 Ravensworth Terrace, Durham, DH1 1QP Editor of The Brown Book Dr Carolyn Carr, Gable End, The Mount, Tetsworth, Oxfordshire, OX9 7AB Ordinary Members: Retiring 2011:   Retiring 2012: Miss Judith Garner Dr Christine Gerrard Mrs Marion Michell Mr John Locker Mr Andrew Reid Mr Richard Osborne Retiring 2013: Miss Jasmine Richards Dr Margaret Rothwell, CMG Miss Rachael Wood Co-opted by the Committee for 2010–2011: Dr Penny Probert Smith, Vice-Principal, Lady Margaret Hall Mr Peter Watson, Development Director, Lady Margaret Hall 3

From the President LMH is showing encouraging determination in the face of the hard economic climate and is resolved to go ahead with the second phase of its major building programme. This will provide a centre for postgraduate students and also a new porters’ lodge. Crucial for LMH’s educational ambitions, the work will also transform the appearance of the front of College into a place of which we can be proud. Connections with former students and their willingness to support their college have never been more important to LMH than now. Your Association is responsible for two aspects of LMH life which try to bring past students and the College together: the publishing of The Brown Book, our annual alumni journal, and the arranging of non profit-making social events. The Brown Book has its own sub-committee and is now well launched on its new look. It seems to me to get even better each year. We are most lucky in our editorial team: Carolyn Carr, Judith Garner, Alison Gomm and Vivien Rösch, who all bring scholarship, diligence and creativity and who all give their time freely. On the social front we held a summer party at the London Maggie’s Cancer Caring Centre next to Charing Cross Hospital. Like all the Maggie’s Centres this is a marvellously humane building and many people wrote afterwards to say how moving they had found the evening. The Centres were started by Maggie Keswick Jencks (1959) who died in 1995. We were addressed by the London Centre’s architect from the Richard Rogers partnership as well as by Maggie’s husband and by her oncology nurse, who is now CEO of the Centres. A small team made all the canapés and the Development Office heroically carted crates of hardware from LMH. This enabled us to save considerably on the normal cost of such an event and to make a contribution to Maggie’s Centres. For this year’s social event we have invited Bridget Kendall (1974), the BBC’s diplomatic correspondent, to talk to us towards the end of October; you will be receiving an invitation to this get-together. The LMHA committee was delighted when, nearly six years ago, two of its members married each other. But, sadly for us, David and Gabriel Sewell have recently moved to Durham and David will have to step down as our Hon Treasurer in July. He has given wise counsel and, beyond the call of duty, been a scrupulous proof-reader of The Brown Book over eight years. We will miss him greatly. We wish David and Gabriel 4

every happiness in their new home. Gabriel has already retired as our Hon Secretary and we are most grateful to Alison Gomm who, in addition to her work as obituaries editor of The Brown Book, has stepped into her shoes. Mary Haynes President

Report of the Committee The Committee met for ordinary business in June, November and February, with the usual session for proof-reading of The Brown Book prior to the February meeting. The 2010 AGM of the Association took place on Sunday 27 June, during the Gaudy weekend. The President announced the resignation of Gabriel Sewell from the post of Secretary and expressed the Committee’s appreciation for the way that she had served in that role for the last five years and as a member of the Committee before that. Alison Gomm had expressed her willingness to accede to the post and, there being no other candidates, she was duly elected. Rachael Wood (1996) and Margaret Rothwell, CMG (1957) had reached the end of their first terms as ordinary members of the Committee but indicated that they were willing to stand again for another three years. Jasmine Richards (1999 English) had been nominated to fill the vacancy created by Alison Gomm’s appointment as Secretary. There being no other nominations, all those named above were duly elected. At the AGM, the President gave her report, and the Principal reported on current issues and answered questions from the floor. The social meeting was held on 6 July 2010 at the London Maggie’s Cancer Caring Centre at Charing Cross Hospital. Alison Gomm Hon Secretary

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Lady Margaret Hall Association Accounts 2009–2010 (Year from 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2010) Income Balance brought forward

Brown Book donations Interest on bank accounts Total

£ 357.08

Expenditure £ Brown Book printing: — (double contribution to be made to printing of Brown Book 2011) Officers’ expenses — Balance carried forward 2,117.25

1,759.50 0.67 £2,117.25

£2,117.25

The Committee is most appreciative of the donations from Senior Members towards the cost of The Brown Book. Further contributions are always welcome. Cheques payable to ‘Lady Margaret Hall’ with the endorsement ‘Brown Book’ can be sent to the Development Office which can also supply standing-order forms for regular donations. David Sewell Hon Treasurer

New Members Jasmine Richards (English 1999) Jasmine was born in 1981 and grew up in Hornsey, North London. She read English at Lady Margaret Hall, matriculating in 1999. She is currently a senior commissioning editor for children’s fiction at Oxford University Press. When Jasmine isn’t editing children’s books, she is writing them. Her forthcoming novel, The Book of Wonders, is a fantastical, action-packed response to the mythology of the Arabian Nights – but this time the sultan doesn’t get away with murder.

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From the Principal Higher education in England is on the brink of profound changes with unknown consequences for the sector, individual students, and families. Oxford University is submitting to the Office of Fair Access (OFFA) in April a draft agreement that should be concluded by July. In this draft agreement, Oxford sets out its proposals for fees and funding for UK/ EU undergraduates from October 2012. The starting point for these proposals is not one that Oxford desired or advised. Oxford’s submission to the Browne review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance in 2010 argued that higher education should continue to be funded by a combination of direct public investment in teaching and research, fees that should be raised in step with the creation of bursary funds to keep access needs-blind, and the universities themselves. Instead, the Browne Review report of October 2010 advocated sharply higher fees, a system of student loans, and a reduction in direct public investment in teaching. Government policy in response to Browne has withdrawn the bulk of direct funding for university teaching, raised fees to between £6k and £9k a year, and established a system of loans that in many ways is progressive but that runs the risk of frightening away an unknown number of possible students because of the sheer size of the financial burden. Any university seeking to charge more than £6k a year in fees must make an access agreement with OFFA. Oxford would need to charge £8k a year simply to substitute the withdrawn public funding of teaching. This is the tough reality within which Oxford has reached its decisions. Oxford proposes to charge undergraduate fees to UK/EU students of £9k a year while at the same time introducing a generous package of fee waivers and bursaries for students from low-income families. We will also spend more on access initiatives, such as summer schools and working with schools with little tradition of sending pupils to Oxford. No one knows if this will be enough to attract applicants from low-income families. At present we cannot do more without further endangering the sustainability of Oxford and its Colleges after the successive cuts already experienced. The University and the Colleges subsidise the education of each UK/EU undergraduate at the high level of approximately £8k every year. Many of the academic departments in Oxford are in deficit. Numerous academic posts are frozen on the University side because of a lack of funds, and Colleges have taken on additional financial burdens to ensure that excellent teaching provision is nonetheless maintained. 7

At present LMH has six fellowship-level posts that should be jointly funded with the University and for which the College has to make its own arrangements (in Law, Economics, Management, English, Classics, and Philosophy). The challenge for Oxford and for LMH is both to sustain the quality of teaching and learning and to keep Oxford affordable. We need to sustain excellence and promote access. At the same time, we also need to support postgraduate studies, which themselves are likely to be negatively affected by the changes to undergraduate funding. Students finishing their first degree with a hefty loan outstanding will surely be very wary of taking on further debt for a postgraduate course. LMH remains absolutely committed to excellence and to supporting our students as fully as we can. Our undergraduates are already helped by the fact that we can accommodate all of them for three years on site, so they do not need to take out leases on the commercial market. The next phase of our building project will enable us to offer at least one year of accommodation in College to all postgraduate students, which will be similarly helpful. I am delighted to announce that we have just received a magnificent donation of £1m from friends of the College who wish to remain anonymous benefactors, specifically to enable us to move forward on this project. At the same time, with the help of our alumni, we are building up funds to support students with scholarships, bursaries, and help with unforeseen hardship. Finally, the third pillar of our strategy is to support the teaching posts that are the essential core of an Oxford education. Frances Lannon Principal

From the Development Director Pipe Partridge is a year old – opened on 19 April last year. Happy first birthday! As happens with a major development like this you tend to forget very fast what was there before and wonder how you got along without the facility. Whatever the case, the building has performed splendidly, and we have been delighted to welcome back alumni attending events, or just making a brief visit, and to show off the building to them. Indeed, it makes everyone in College and our alumni keener than ever to get working on the second phase of the project. As the Principal 8

mentions in her report, we have recently received a magnificent donation of £1m, which will allow us to move forward again on this project and to start the detailed design of the Graduate Centre and Porters’ Lodge Buildings. We still have some way to travel along the fundraising path before we can think about having the building contractors on site again, but the progress is very pleasing, and we look forward with growing excitement to the day this great project is completed. There are other important goals. We have been most grateful to alumni for generous donations this year to our new Annual Fund initiative, as we build up funds to support students with scholarships and bursaries, and to help alleviate unforeseen hardship. Finally, the third pillar of our strategy is to support the tutorial posts that are at the heart of an education at Oxford. We have had relatively more events at LMH in the last year as we have been naturally keen for people to see the new buildings. We realise that it is sometimes not so easy to come up to College and we shall be arranging more events away from Oxford, not only in London, but in other parts of the country in the year ahead. We in the Development Office and the LMHA Committee are always on the lookout for venues, so do please contact us if you are able to host something at your workplace, or indeed at any interesting location to which you have access that you would be willing to share with LMH alumni. Equally we would like to hear from you about the kinds of activity you would like us to arrange for alumni gatherings. We should like to focus more on subject reunions and on more regular meetings of those in particular careers or professions where deeper links with the College could be very helpful to current students as they contemplate life after LMH at a time when career prospects are more challenging than for many years. We do not have the resources to run a full-blown mentoring programme, but we can certainly enable contacts between interested JCR members and alumni who are willing to share their advice and experiences in the workplace. Finally, as I mentioned in the Annual Report, we plan to migrate our Alumni Records later in the summer to a new database maintained by the University, called by its acronym DARS (Development and Alumni Relations System). Several colleges have joined this new system already. It provides advantages both in terms of keeping up to date the contact information for our nearly 7,000 alumni, in reducing the duplication of effort involved when university and colleges maintain separate records for the same person, and in saving computer software costs. Particular 9

care has been paid to the security of the personal information held on the system, with each college having protected access to its alumni, and I have been personally involved on the project as one of the college representatives. Included with this Brown Book is a statement about the new system, in compliance with current data protection legislation. In terms of contact with LMH, there will be no change at all. The staff of the LMH Development Office will be here just as before to keep you in the picture with anything to do with LMH, sending publications, maintaining the website and Facebook, and organising events and fundraising. I should like to conclude by thanking my colleagues, Carrie Fehr, Maya Evans and Gus Bridges, for their hard work on behalf of the College and its alumni. Carrie and Maya have been with the office now for 3 and 4 years respectively and I am delighted that each has received a recent promotion, Carrie to Deputy Director of Development and Maya to Alumni Relations Officer. I am also delighted that they will be representing LMH at the European Alumni weekend in Paris in May. Peter Watson Development Director

From the Chaplain Just as term began in Hilary 2010 the devastating earthquake struck Haiti on 12 January and the Chapel responded by taking a special collection the following Sunday. A couple of weeks later a representative from Christian Aid, Hannah Brock, came to preach about their work in Haiti in the context of their work worldwide. After the service I was able to give her a sizeable cheque from the Chapel community to go towards that work. A sermon of a very different kind was given by a member of our community, the Rev’d Isobel Rathbone, who is doing a DPhil in Theology at LMH. Her research concerns King Alfred’s translation of the Psalms and Gregory the Great’s writings on pastoral care. It was surprising to hear how relevant they remain! Another guest preacher from close to home was the Rev’d Richard Martin, who lives within a hundred yards of the Chapel in Benson Place and was formerly Chaplain to Magdalen College School. The sermon was a model of clarity and precision from a good neighbour and friend. Music is such a valuable part of Chapel life, and we hosted a concert by the Princeton University ‘Tigressions’, an all-female contemporary 10

a capella group, who sang with great verve and vitality. Ben Bernard, Susanna Foster, and Claire Wickes, students of the College, performed in a concert in support of the Link Community Development. We were also privileged to have the premier performance of a piece written in honour of Susan Wollenberg, Fellow in Music. ‘God is our Strength and Refuge’, from Psalm 46, was written by Phillip Cooke with the Choir in mind and he is now writing a congregational setting for Communion for the Chapel. We are all delighted with this musical association and we are very grateful to Phillip for all he has done for the Chapel. During Trinity Term Isobel Rathbone preached again to get the term started and Sr Margaret Anne returned as well to maintain the connection. In May our friend Bishop John Bone, formerly Bishop of Reading in the Diocese, came to preach and confirm Conan McKenzie (History and Politics) at the College Corporate Communion. These occasions are always a special joy in the life of the Chapel. At the end of Trinity there was an exhibition of experimental music and musical scores by the Choir’s very own composer, George Chambers, who is now doing graduate work in composition at the Royal Northern. At the Gaudy Jonathan White, formerly Organ Scholar and now completing a DPhil in Music, once again delighted returning Members of College with a recital including Bach, Mendelssohn and Howells. Welcoming you back is always such a pleasure, and when better than for a wedding? Catherine McMillan, who was a member of the Choir throughout her time as an undergraduate at LMH, returned to us to marry Tom Beckett in September, just before the beginning of Michaelmas. In Michaelmas at the College Corporate Communion we were delighted to welcome Bishop Kenneth Cragg, formerly Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem. He came up to Oxford in 1931, the year before our Chapel was begun, and went down the year that it was completed, 1934. A few weeks before I was at the launch of his two most recent books (usually he celebrates only one at his annual book launch!) and I asked him then if he would preach for us. The title of his sermon was ‘The Christian Encounter with Islam’, a subject on which he is an authority. He returned to the Chapel at the end of term, of which more later. The Rev’d Canon John Rees, Provincial Registrar to the Archbishop of Canterbury and Legal Advisor to the Anglican Consultative Council, preached on ‘Sustaining Unity? What is the Point of the Church of England? What is the Point of the Anglican Communion? What is the Point of the Archbishop of Canterbury?’ You can imagine that he had some pretty powerful things to say! At the Service of Remembrance Professor 11

Richard Jenkyns likewise preached splendidly on memory and what we choose to forget. Finally, Carols by Candlelight was again full to capacity and a special reading was introduced to the Biblical sequence: ‘EMMANUEL – according to Isaiah and Matthew’, a sonnet read by the author, Bishop Kenneth Cragg: A child whose careful weaning time at breast The fears of kings suffices to dispel? A toddler with a name to lay at rest A realm’s anxieties? Emmanuel? Isaiah’s courage verifies the fact Of womb and babe as confidential signs, God’s warrant of our faith. The lowly act Of love’s receiving trustedness defines God’s presence, proven in the flesh man wears. The prophet’s meaning stirs in Matthew’s mind As prescience of Him whom Mary bears. In Jesus let the heart’s conviction find ‘God with us’ in our nature’s human making, ‘With us’ in every grace our nature taking.

Allan Doig Chaplain

From the Librarian Among the donations to the library this year was a share in the sale of a house. This was left specifically to the library by Norah May Thomas (1968) – our share being £15,000. This addition to funds is particularly useful in the current financial climate. One of the library bays in the Gallery will be named after her. The following have kindly donated books, in many cases their own works: David Andrews, Catherine Avent, Helen Barr, Johan BergstromAllen, Philip Biggin, Michael Broers, James Carley, Joanna CloseBrooks, John Day, Allan Doig, Ernesto Feliz, Georgina Ferry, Heather Goodare, Peter Hainsworth, Libby Houston, J. T. Hughes, Valerie Jobling, Christine Kennedy, Margaret Lloyd, Sam Kiley, Janet Momsen, Margery Ord, Patricia Pearl, Gillian Peele, Simon Price, Susan Reynolds, Eric Southworth, Grant Tapsell, Peter Thring, Vilja Theresa de Villa, Mary Warnock and Susan Wollenberg. As well as a fascinating book 12

of family history, Joanna Close-Brooks also gave the College a print of Lady Margaret Beaufort, which is now hanging in the Dining Hall. I would like to thank everyone who worked in the library last year, both with shelving and the shelf check. Two library assistants stopped working in the library after several years of good service. Thanks to Susie Ashe, who shelved in the library for 3 years with good cheer, speed and efficiency, and is now concentrating on Finals, and to Ernesto Feliz, who has left to do an internship at The Hague, and was a kind and stalwart member of the team, especially over weekends. Jeremiah Dancy continues to be the main graduate assistant, a very capable and reliable support, and I am very glad that he is still here. The library’s holdings increased over the year by around 18 metres (much the same as the previous year); more resources are now available on-line, which results in a more manageable growth of stock. Borrowing statistics remain high, and the library continues to be a very popular place to work, especially in Trinity term. For the Gaudy exhibition this year, we took the opportunity to show a selection of classics books, of which we have so many interesting examples, both antiquarian (the highlight of which is our collection of Aldine Press editions) and recent (Fine Press and illustrated). There was also a small case entitled ‘LMH Connections’ containing books with links to LMH history and people. These included one of Lewis Carroll’s books (he was an early donor and visitor to the College, and this particular book was linked to those visits). We displayed one of Maude Royden’s (1896) books (The Making of Women: Oxford essays in feminism), which was given by her to Kathleen Courtenay (1897), and which ended up in the library. It is a reminder to us of two eminent former students and their friendship and, of course, the notable contribution made by both of them to the Suffragist cause. The final book of the case was an oddity. It was written by Edward Heron-Allen under a nom de plume, and is a limited edition of a collection of mystery stories, entitled Some Women of the University. LMH has the only copy in Oxford. Edward Heron-Allen led an extremely interesting life pursuing very varied interests. His writings reflect this as they include zoological and biological studies, a book on violin making, a translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, and a book on palmistry. He set up an LMH scholarship in memory of his daughter, Armorel (1926), and each year there is a Heron-Allen lecture at LMH. Roberta Staples Librarian

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Notes from the Garden Another interesting, busy year in the garden, coping with the extremes of weather, moles and cigarette ends. The sprouting broccoli barely survived a full-frontal attack by cabbage white caterpillars. I had failed to notice that eggs had arrived and the caterpillars grew to an enormous size very quickly. I hand-picked hundreds of them from the leaves, giving them a sporting chance by tipping them down by the river! In spite of the attack those same plants are now producing a small crop. The potager has been very successful, nonetheless, and we supply the kitchens with fresh herbs – not quite Le Manoir aux Quat’ Saisons, but a very useful new venture. Many will have seen the amazing photo on Facebook of our tree surgeon standing at the top of the copper beech during the crown operation that happened in late November. This was carried out to reduce the weight on some of the larger limbs, and he also removed a lot of dead wood. Some hair cut! At the same time we gave its younger replacement more light. Visitors to the garden in late April/May are treated to the sight of our Amelanchier glade in full flower. We now have at least a dozen, of varying ages, planted behind and alongside the summerhouse in the Fellows’ garden. I planted the first three the year I began at LMH, while the youngest were planted last year and now help form the corner of the Fellows’ garden. On the notice board in our mess room I have a photograph of the sunken garden taken in 1997, which shows the sundial surrounded by lawn and two (of four) very empty small circular flower beds. This is quite a contrast to today’s scene – bright yellow grasses (Molinia) which have collapsed among the blue-grey lavenders, at the end of their season. Come and see it at the Gaudy Weekend when it always looks terrific! Ben Pritchard Head Gardener

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The sunken garden in 1997 and more recently

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Gaudy June 2010: rose-tinted memories of summer days at LMH ‘Pictures of perfection . . . make me sick and wicked’ wrote Jane Austen. This year’s Gaudy made such a picture: perfect weather, delicious food, the grounds and gardens at the peak of early summer bloom, punts gliding past. It was hard to find anything to criticise. It is to be hoped that an idyllic Gaudy Weekend will not make for an irritating, or dull, report for those who were not there. This, the Golden Jubilee of my year, the Class of 1960, was the first Gaudy I had attended. As well as the pleasures I’d anticipated, the weekend also proved to be intriguing – observing one’s memory at work, or not at work. To return to LMH after so long is an opportunity to reconnect with the past, and a past self, reviving and remaking old memories through places – the Bear Pit, or Deneke’s long, brown, uncarpeted corridors – and through contemporaries. Some few looked miraculously unchanged; with others it took a minute or two to recognise the face beneath its later version; and some seemed, bafflingly, quite unfamiliar. And while you might recognise some, you might have to explain to them who you were. In conversation the same disconcerting mixture of memories clear and present, or newly recovered, and of gaps, presented itself. No wonder one was heard to say: ‘You may remember all this, but I don’t think I was here at all.’ Celebrations for the Class of 1960 began with afternoon tea in the Deneke Common Room, previously our JCR. As we moved into this well-known space, formerly of newspapers, sofas, and black-andwhite TV, the question was: ‘What are all these old ladies doing in the JCR?’ Groups of friends who had kept in touch soon broke up, and the circles widened. By the time the JCR president of 1962–3 Angela Young (Munday) had cut the cake, more faces had become recognisable, more life stories recounted. Meanwhile refreshments were served in the SCR to our fellow dinner guests, the year groups of 1996–2002. Before evensong in the Chapel, Jonathan White (2002), a former organ scholar, gave a delightful recital including, as the programme notes explained, one of the most comic religious pieces ever, written in the style of contemporary opera comique. Just right for this occasion. The Lady Margaret Consort, whose voices were heard practising along the Deneke corridors earlier, sang at Evensong under the direction of Dr Cissie Fu. After dressing in our new Pipe Partridge bedrooms, opened 16

only earlier this year, we joined other guests moving towards the Hall, the younger group perhaps more adventurously dressed than the 1960s group, and set off by more men in black tie. We enjoyed a sumptuous dinner. The Principal gave the first speech, welcoming everyone very warmly, and especially those who had come great distances, from throughout the UK, Europe, North and South America, and, in my case, from Australia. In words sadly now even more true than then, she spoke of these as times of great financial difficulty for education. The advice of friends in the business world had been stick to what you do best, concentrate on your strengths. This was what the College had done in its building programme. The College’s good fortune, compared to many others, in having spacious grounds had made possible the extensive building programme. Now the College had an edge in being able to offer all undergraduates three years’ accommodation in college. (In our day, of course, though many men lived out of college for two of their years, this had not been a problem for LMH, when there were so many fewer students – between 60 and 70 in 1960.) In these straitened times Oxford was putting its resources into teaching, and so was LMH. The range of disciplines of the current fellowship was much greater than in 1960, and the Principal was delighted with the quality of the fellows the College was able to attract, with 30% now from overseas. Mellowed by good wine and food and company, we were ready to enjoy an amusing speech from Diana Allan (Cotton) with its witty description of the life of the LMH undergraduate in 1960, emerging from an Age of Austerity – when now another is approaching. We came to Oxford to live as independent young women, but were legally minors, so the College was in loco parentis. This may explain the ‘man hours’: all men had to be out by 7.00 pm, and any undergraduate who married had to leave. But the fine details of the regulations and penalties were less understandable: we had to sign out and in (under the eye of Mr Phipps, I remember), be in by 10.00 and were fined (was it one and sixpence?) for being late up to 10.30: after that it was ‘death’. In our final year the rules were relaxed a little, men were allowed in until 10.00, and we could stay out until midnight. Much laughter greeted Diana’s remark that ‘We didn’t let such matters cramp our style’. Later year groups need not feel too sorry for us, hard though it may be to picture all those little old ladies hitching their skirts (no trousers in those days) and clambering over fearsomely high iron gates and crawling through half-open windows. If recreational drugs 17

were heard of then only by the most sophisticated, and if it was unusual for a young woman to go into any of Oxford’s many pubs by herself, all the usual delights of Oxford were there, and there were ‘oceans of men’. The year of 1960 didn’t row, but it had punts and enjoyed them. Tennis was the only official LMH sport but casual mixed tennis was as much a part of summer as punting. Diana met her husband on the courts and, according to family folklore, beat him. In the sub fusc academic world, the round of tutorials and exams seemed, in retrospect at least, no great concern: prelims, mods and schools, with a new term beginning, in some subjects, with writing ‘collections’ in Talbot Hall. Lectures, Diana suggested, were for the really dedicated. The performance of many lecturers may account for the ease with which we stayed away. Our libraries were still in their old homes: LMH’s in Talbot, the law library in the New Bod, English in the attics, or so it seemed, of Schools. But LMH built a new one and the Queen came to open it. Later came the tower blocks, the front quad, Pipe Partridge with its lecture theatres, and rooms with ensuite bathrooms, not even heard of in 1960. What has been so successful is that the additional building has not lost the domestic charm of a college set within gardens. Once begun, change came very rapidly to Oxford, or so it seemed to me, in the years I stayed on as a BLitt student, and as I saw on

Sunday lunch at the 2010 Gaudy

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later visits. When the last speaker, from the years 1996–2002, Lucinda Beesley (1997) stood up, surrounded by young women and men, she laughed as she acknowledged the great difference between her world and ours. The College she came up to had men, and a bar. Hers was an LMH where undergraduates were concerned about finding a room, but they were allowed to make adult choices. Their debates were about whether the bar should have cash machines, and should it provide cigarette machines as well. Both more relaxed and less carefree, theirs was a college life of mobile phones, laptops, and the pressures of the job market. Sunday dawned, another perfect summer day. Breakfast in Hall saw us remembering everyday life in College in the 1960s, and the much less appetising meals. Next there was time to explore the gardens, admire the roses and a collection of hostas in pots outside Lynda Grier where we used to buy supplies for tea and, of course, cigarettes. As well as the gardens, the Head Gardener, Ben Pritchard, also had on show an exhibition of his excellent Oxford prints. Two lectures by younger fellows, Dr Christina Kuhn and Dr Judith Mank, both from overseas, were a taste of excellent research and thinking. No one present will forget Dr Mank’s description of the mating habits of the booby, where the blue-footed male dances to woo the female, an instance of female choice

A family heads for the bar to watch the World Cup during the Garden Party

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frequent in birds. The lecture theatre’s amphitheatre style, covered with a shallow dome and embellished with classical detail, offered facilities fine enough for any conference, though some, long past their climbing days, found the rows of seats a little narrow. At lunchtime the Class of 1970 met in the Monson Room in Pipe Partridge and clearly enjoyed their 40th reunion since they were overheard vowing to return in 10 years. The rest of us continued our round of pleasures with a summer buffet lunch under the marquee, exchanging e-mail and postal addresses, and learning more about Oxford today from the Principal who replied to our questions on the workings of the current admissions system, and spoke of LMH’s long-term building plans. More strolling in the gardens and down to the river, buying plants, or visiting one’s old rooms, merged into the Garden Party, with a sprinkling of children in summer dresses to complete the Monet-like picture. But the distinguishing feature of this Gaudy afternoon came when visitors and current residents appeared from all directions to watch the World Cup in the bar. The crowded room was full of anticipation, soon dashed in relentless stages as Germany put an end to England’s hopes, and those watching moved out into the garden in varying degrees of disappointment. But not even this could cloud the day. We are grateful to the Principal and Fellows for allowing us to return and, as Diana Allan put it, to indulge rose-tinted memories of summer days at LMH. Ann Marsh (James 1960 English) with Judith Doherty (Thornton 1960 Modern Languages)

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A King Condemned: the trial and execution of Charles I This introduction, by Clive Holmes, to a new edition of Veronica Wedgwood’s Trial of Charles the First is reproduced here for the benefit of Brown Book readers.

In the 1940s Veronica Wedgwood began the research for the writing of a proposed trilogy of books covering the period from the late 1630s, when Charles I could consider himself ‘the happiest King in Christendom’, to the Restoration of his son in 1660. The first volume, The King’s Peace, which concluded with the passage of the Grand Remonstrance in November 1641, appeared in 1955; the second, The King’s War, which continued the story through to January 1647 and detailed the King’s defeat and surrender, was published in 1958. The third volume, still contemplated at that latter date, never appeared. Instead, Wedgwood devoted her energies to the completion of the detailed account of the last ten weeks of the King’s life, first published in 1964 – in England as The Trial of Charles I; in the USA as A Coffin for King Charles: the Trial and Execution of Charles I. Wedgwood’s relationship with academic historians was not an easy one, and the immediate reception of this work by the professionals in their flagship journals was cool, even condescending. Both Conrad Russell and Carolyn Edie neglected to mention the extraordinary mastery, a critical mastery that would have done credit to the most ‘dryasdust’ academic expert on the period, of the rich seam of documentary evidence, particularly of the pamphlets that poured from the presses in this climacteric period. In England, Russell acknowledged that the work was ‘well written’ and added ‘something to our knowledge’, but regretted that the work displayed little interest in the political theory of the regicides. In America, Edie, while warmly praising the book’s lively presentation, also noted that issues of republican theory had been neglected, and expressed suspicion of the reliance on a ‘narrative method’ – the ‘major problem’ of the book.1 Both reviewers conform to a frequently expressed view that Wedgwood’s oeuvre as a whole emphasised ‘recording history rather than illuminating it’. 1

Russell in English Historical Review, vol. 81 (1966), pp. 594–5; Edie in American Historical Review, vol. 73 (1967–8), pp. 1148–9.

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This was a charge that Wedgwood had already challenged in her introduction to The King’s War. Concentration on ‘what happened and how it happened’, she wrote, was a necessary prelude to properly posed analytical questions, and ‘often by implication answers’ such questions ‘of why it happened’. Thirty years after writing his dismissive review, Russell, having undertaken a narrative history of the period 1637–42, emphasised the considerable merit that he now recognised in Wedgwood’s method – ‘the enormous strength which comes from refusing to ask the question why without first asking the question how’.2 These virtues clearly emerge in the next major analysis of the trial and execution of the King, a volume of 11 essays published in 2001 which originated in a conference to mark the 350th anniversary of these events in 1999.3 Several of the essays followed up on issues raised by Wedgwood – the journalism of the period and the reporting of the trial; the response of the European governments to the regicide. Others took up the challenges posed by the early reviewers to analyse the political and constitutional theories that underpinned the trial. But three of the essays undertook the detailed analysis of what happened and how it happened, and two of them came to very different conclusions from Wedgwood’s work.4 Veronica Wedgwood, following a rich stream of contemporary opinion, argued that, from the moment of the Army’s devastating intervention in late November/early December 1648, seizing Charles from the Isle of Wight and purging Parliament of those who were still attempting to negotiate with the King, the denouement of trial and execution ineluctably followed. Some of the army leaders, particularly Cromwell, were cautious and sought to paste a veneer of legality around their revolutionary actions – purging rather than dissolving Parliament; constructing a court consisting largely of civilians; allowing the King every opportunity to plead to the charges once the court was in session. Charles, in Wedgwood’s account, recognised that his doom was foreordained, and refused to give his implacable enemies the pleasure 2 Russell’s comments were made in a radio broadcast in August 1995; his Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637–1642, was published in 1991. 3 Jason Peacey (ed.), The Regicides and the Execution of Charles I. 4 The three essays are John Morrill and Philip Baker, ‘Oliver Cromwell, the Regicide and the Sons of Zeruiah’ (pp. 13–45); John Adamson, ‘The Frighted Junto: Perceptions of Ireland, and the Last Attempts at Settlement with Charles I’ (pp. 36–70); Sean Kelsey, ‘Staging the Trial of Charles I’ (pp. 71–93). The latter two challenge Wedgwood’s account.

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of rehearsing his evils in a formal trial. He accepted martyrdom in a superb performance in which he presented himself as the defender of his people’s rights against illegal military despotism. In arguing this, Wedgwood rejected an alternative argument that had been suggested by S. R. Gardiner, the great Victorian historian of the period. For Gardiner, the delay between the Army’s coup and the execution was indicative of more than Cromwell’s cautious attempt to create a broad-based consensus in favour of the trial, and he argued that there was evidence to suggest that the Army was still trying to cut a deal with Charles until late December 1648. Adamson and Kelsey, writing in 1999, built on this and rejected Wedgwood’s account. Negotiation between the ‘frighted junto’ that ruled England and the King continued into January. For Kelsey the trial itself was part of this on-going process of negotiation: if the King would plead to the charge against him, so recognising the legitimacy of the High Court of Justice, he would acknowledge his subordination to the authority that had established the court, the ‘Rump’ of the House of Commons. With that premise conceded, it would be possible to re-establish King Charles as a ceremonial figure-head, a ‘Doge of Venice’.5 Methodologically, Adamson and Kelsey follow Wedgwood’s lead. Their mastery of the dense array of evidence is as assured as hers, and, with her, they emphasise what happened, in an intense analysis of chronological detail, and how it happened. Their answer to the question of why it happened is very different from hers. From their perspective, the religious zeal and political radicalism of the Army, a zeal of which the soldiers boasted in the aftermath of the execution – ‘we were extraordinarily carried forth to desire Justice upon the King, that man of blood’ – was largely rhetorical persiflage. In fact, the policies of the Army were tentative and negotiable. Cromwell was seeking a genuine settlement; his manoeuvres were not indicative of the ‘artifice’ in which, according to the French ambassador, he excelled, designed simply to maintain a pose of moderation and consensus and to retain the cooperation of troubled conservative civilians. Charles becomes a reckless gambler who, presented with a series of opportunities extending through the trial itself, saw them only as indicative of the weakness 5 Kelsey developed this argument further in a series of articles published between 2003 and 2007; the most important are ‘The death of Charles I’ Historical Journal, vol. 45 (2003), pp. 727–54; ‘The trial of Charles I’ English Historical Review, vol. 118 (2003), pp. 583–616.

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of and divisions among soldiers and MPs, overplayed a strong hand, and was surprised when the High Court moved to convict him. I have argued against these interpretations, challenging in detail the evidence upon which they are erected.6 Ultimately I prefer the account provided by Wedgwood. And this is not because she wrote well, the point conceded by all her critics. The elegance, the wit of her writing were not simply a question of style; they were not mere window dressing. It stemmed from her sensitivity to, and imaginative recreation of, the characters and motivations of the actors. In this work she provides a series of brilliant sketches of minor players, such as the King’s attendants Herbert and Mildmay, the Leveller leader, Lilburne, the religious zealots, Harrison and Peters. But it is in her characterisations of Cromwell and Charles, particularly the latter, that her mastery of text, context and of human nature appears most assured. She was no uncritical admirer of Charles. She recognises his duplicity and the devious tenacity that so offended Cromwell. But her portrayal of Charles in the last weeks of his life is utterly compelling. The King was consoled by religious faith and by his sense that a loving God was punishing him for his contemptible behaviour in permitting the sacrifice of Strafford to his enemies in 1641. Accordingly, he accepted and brilliantly played out the role of martyr, and in doing so established his, and the monarchy’s, role as the avatar of the law and liberty that his opponents claimed to uphold. Clive Holmes Fellow and Tutor in History A dinner to mark the retirement of Dr Clive Holmes will be held on 10 September. Details may be obtained from the Development Office.

6 ‘The trial and execution of Charles I’, Historical Journal, vol. 53 (2010), pp. 289–316.

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The Genetic Basis of Females and Males Females and males of many animals exhibit striking differences, so much so that early taxonomists often mistakenly classified the sexes of the same species as separate taxa. These sexual dimorphisms, differences in size, colouration, or body structure, can take several forms, and vary greatly across animal species in degree. At the most basic level, males and females differ in the type of reproductive cells or gametes they produce, and so the manufacturing and delivery systems are also different between the sexes. This is the extent of sexual dimorphism for many animals, and in this case males and females are largely indistinguishable without internal examinations. In other species, however, females and males can show large differences in non-reproductive parts of the body. This can take several forms, sometimes playing important roles in mate choice (the bright feathers in some male birds that are used to attract females), male competition (the antlers in many deer and elk), and parental care (the female kangaroo’s pouch). Males and females can also behave in different ways, either in stereotyped behaviours related to mate choice, such as the dance of the male blue-footed booby, or more continuous tendencies, such as boldness or shyness. Sex differences in the body form and behaviour are genetic and therefore result from a genome that is, aside from the sex chromosomes, the same in both males and females. The sex chromosomes, such as the X and Y chromosomes of humans, are often relatively small, and only hold roughly 3–5% of all genes in the genome for vertebrates. This raises several questions. How important are the sex chromosomes in causing sex differences? How does the remaining 97–95% of the genome, which does not differ between sexes, produce such radically different forms as the peahen and peacock? There are two forms that animal sex chromosomes can take (shown in Figure 1). Mammals, Drosophila flies and salmon, among others, have

Figure 1. Types and forms of sex chromosomes in animals. Male heterogamety is shown on the left, female heterogamety on the right.

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male heterogametic sex chromosomes, in that males have one copy of the X chromosome and one of the Y chromosome. Females have two copies of the X chromosome. Birds, butterflies, eels and many other animals have the converse pattern of sex chromosomes, called female heterogamety. In these animals, females have one sex-limited chromosome, called the W, and a single Z chromosome, and males simply have two copies of the Z. The W and Y chromosomes are generally smaller than their counterparts, the Z and X, and have fewer than 50 genes. For that reason, I’ll refer to them here as the minor sex chromosomes. The larger Z and X chromosomes contain upwards of 500 genes in many animals, and I’ll therefore call them the major sex chromosomes. There is a rich body of evolutionary theory that predicts that the sex chromosomes should play a disproportionately large part in encoding sex differences in behaviour and body form because they differ between males and females. The minor sex chromosomes are only present in one sex, and therefore they can only harbour genes that have a sex-specific function. This prediction is confirmed by the fact that maleness is conferred in mammals by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome, or more importantly a gene on the Y, named SRY. In birds, the HINTW

Male peacock in full display

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gene on the W chromosome plays a critical role in ovary formation, a similarly important function in females. The role of the major sex chromosome is more nuanced, but no less important, and there are two primary ways in which the X and Z chromosomes are thought to influence sexual differences. First, the route of transmission of the major sex chromosomes is thought to influence the resulting variation. Some forms of sexual dimorphism function in mate choice, and these involve both a male component, such as bright colours or loud songs, and an associated female component, i.e. a preference for bright or noisy males. In birds and butterflies, the Z chromosome can be passed by a flashy father to both his sons, who will be bright or noisy, and his daughters, who will prefer males with these traits (shown in Figure 2). This is in contrast to mammals, where fathers

Figure 2. Punnett squares showing the transmission of sex chromosomes from parents to offspring. Daughters are shaded in grey, sons in white.

can either pass their X chromosome to their daughters, or the Y to their sons, but cannot pass the same type of sex chromosome on to both sexes of offspring. Therefore, the transmission pattern of the Z chromosome makes it more likely than the X chromosome to play a role in traits that have both a female and male component, because males can pass on the gene for the male trait and the female preference for that trait on one genetic unit to both their sons and daughters. This may explain why birds and butterflies, which are both female heterogametic, tend to have male traits which are based on female preference. Male heterogametic systems, the XY species, seem to lack the obvious element of female choice, and tend to have sexual differences that function more in male competition, such as the antlers seen in many deer species. The second route by which the major sex chromosomes are thought to play a role in sexual dimorphism results from their uneven distribution in females and males. Although the X chromosome is present in both sexes, the fact that females have two copies, compared to the single copy in males, means that the X chromosome spends two-thirds of its evolutionary history in females. As a result, X-linked genes are more 27

often selected for female function. This has led to a feminisation of the X chromosome, with many more genes than expected in mammals and Drosophila contributing to female fertility. Similarly, the Z is present two-thirds of the time in males, and has been shown to have been masculinised in birds. Overall, several studies have shown that, although the sex chromosomes play a large role in encoding sex differences, they cannot account for all the variation observed. The Z chromosome in birds carries just 734 genes, equivalent to 4.4% of all genes in the avian genome, and accounts for about 5.5% of the genes that are thought to play a role in sexual dimorphism. This suggests that, although the Z chromosome accounts for about 25% more genetic variation than would be expected, based on its size, the other 94.5% of the genes involved in sexual differences must be located in other parts of the genome. Although the sex chromosomes in other animals are significantly larger and therefore may account for a greater proportion of sexual dimorphism (the Drosophila X chromosome is enormous by comparison, and harbours nearly 18% of the genome), the fact still remains that the sex chromosomes cannot carry all the genes that encode for sex differences, and therefore we must look to the remainder of the genome, the autosomes, for the rest. The autosomes are present in equal numbers in males and females, and so the presence, absence or dosage of a gene cannot account for differences between males and females. Rather, we must look at the differences by which females and males deploy the same genes. Gene expression, the rate at which a gene forms proteins, varies a great deal between the sexes, for both genes on the major sex chromosomes and for those in the remaining part of the genome. Depending on when during the life cycle or where in the body we look, somewhere between 30 and 80% of all autosomal genes are expressed at different rates between females and males in animals. Gene expression differences in the brain may explain the different behaviours and tendencies of females and males, and differences in other parts of the body may start to explain why males and females show different disease susceptibilities and mortality rates. All of these regions of the animal genome, the minor and major sex chromosomes and the autosomes, therefore harbour genes that are responsible for the differences we see in females and males. Judith Mank Fellow and Tutor in Biological Sciences 28

OxFizz: bringing the voluntary back to philanthropy Walk down any high street and the chances are you will be approached by an effervescent charity fundraiser, clunking a multi-coloured coinfilled bucket or waving a clipboard in an effort to entice you to donate cash or sign up to a direct debit. Turn on your TV and you may witness an emotional charity appeal asking for emergency donations. Bend down in the morning to pick up the post, and you may find a charity appeal, occasionally adorned with a free gift, challenging you to give. Over the past decade the charity sector has grown in size. Charity fundraising departments have become increasingly organised and more corporate in style. Fundraising appeals and campaign messages are, like never before, reaching a wider audience. And yet despite this, public trust in charities and levels of philanthropy are on the wane. Cast your memory back to your time at LMH. Take that short walk down Norham Gardens, turn left into the Banbury Road and potter down St Giles to the now pedestrianised Cornmarket. The cars have been replaced by a new generation of CO2-emitting bodies, garrulous charity fundraisers. Charities who engage in what critics have slanged ‘chugging’ (short for ‘charity mugging’) suggest the public embrace the wider choice this brings. They argue that many people welcome the opportunity to hear about different causes and learn how they can support them. Yet while some may celebrate street fundraising and others see it as a necessary evil, many resent being accosted and pressurised for funds in this way. We live in an increasingly competitive fundraising environment. Charities jostle for people’s attention and compete for their money, the essential lifeblood they need to provide the excellent services many community organisations offer. While having a multiplicity of fundraising methods is to be commended, one can’t help but lament the highpressure methods some charities use. Despite more opportunities to hear charities’ messages, and a far wider choice of ways to give, philanthropy is on the wane in the UK. Statistics show that the proportion of UK adults giving to charity has fallen from 68% (1998) to 54% (2008/9). While this may be partly due to recessionary pressures, philanthropy in this country lags well behind levels of giving in the USA. In 2006, giving in the UK was 1.1% of GDP, half that of the USA. It is hard to tell to what extent high-pressure fundraising methods used by some charities are responsible for this trend. Yet many people 29

seem to be fundraising-fatigued. This may have contributed to a wider sense of public disquiet with the third sector. nfpSynergy’s research in 2009 suggests that 65% of British adults trust charities. This is commendably up from a nadir of 42% in July 2007. Yet the fact that one in three people don’t trust charities presents a real worry. On graduating from LMH, Bobby Seagull (2003) and I decided to try and do something about this, in a small way. We founded a social enterprise, OxFizz (www.oxfizz.org) and started on a mission – to attempt to bring the voluntary back to philanthropy. We were struck by the discrepancy between, on the one hand, a new generation of charity fundraising techniques that increasingly make philanthropy seem a compulsory act and, on the other hand, the great sense of untapped goodwill among the public. We set up OxFizz to pioneer a new model of fundraising, bringing back choice to giving. Instead of compelling people to give money, we ask them to donate their time and talents. They volunteer their skills to provide one of our professional services. We charge the customer, and profits generated go to the charity chosen by each volunteer. OxFizz has three branches, each providing a different service. Career Interview Coaching provides practice interviews for students applying for jobs and internships. Skilled interviewers from top city firms, from Accenture to Norton Rose to PricewaterhouseCoopers, volunteer their time to offer mock interviews. At Oxbridge Interviews we provide practice interviews to pupils applying to university. Trained university graduates (including many LMH alumni) volunteer to be interviewers. Finally, our Oxford Tutoring service provides private tuition to school pupils, with university students providing the tutoring. For all three of our branches, customers are charged and profits are passed to the charity of the volunteer’s choice. OxFizz seeks to combine the best of business with the best of charity. We sit on that intriguing dividing line between being a communitybased organisation rooted in volunteerism, and having to compete in some tough business markets. In a dashing of our early ideals, Bobby and I found early on that our customers weren’t necessarily interested in our social model of business. They wanted the best practice interview or tutorial, rather than being worried about their money being used for good causes. The supermarket model of ethical product choice did not seem to apply to our service-based offerings. Whereas consumers faced with buying a chicken or a bar of chocolate may upgrade to free-range 30

or fair trade, clients faced with a choice of a glossy commercial interview service or our more socially beneficial interview service would usually pick the former. We had to learn the rules of the game, fast. Out went our messages that our services were ‘provided by volunteers’ and that ‘all profits go to charity’, and in came a slicker, more corporate, branding. Ironically, the fact that our services are provided by volunteers makes our offering potentially of even higher quality than those of our best commercial competitors. Our volunteer tutors, for example, aren’t tutoring because they have to, or for the money, but are participating through choice, and love of their subject and of education generally. OxFizz’s unique mix of volunteerism and commercialism has had an encouraging start. We have just celebrated our third birthday, and during this time we have raised over £100,000 for charities, engaged over 250 volunteers and supported hundreds of young people with a really top-quality educational service. In 2010, 96% of service users said they ‘would recommend us to a friend’. Over the past three years we have learnt that OxFizz isn’t just about resource generation for charities. We had heady aims to raise £½m within ten years for good causes, which we are on course to achieve. But it’s not just the money that matters. OxFizz is a model of engagement and participation by people in society. OxFizz is, in a sense, and to adopt a current political phrase, ‘Big Society’ in action. We are about giving people an opportunity to, as we put it, ‘make a difference in a different way’, allowing them to have an outlet for their social impulses. To give but one example, many of our volunteers are recent university graduates. University is often a hotbed of voluntary action by students for good causes. Yet, on graduation, many young people go into the world of 9-to-5 work where there are limited options to continue their social engagement. With starting salaries tight, there often isn’t the opportunity to be philanthropic. We aim to bridge that gap between socially active university days and the world of work. Our aim to bring the voluntary back to philanthropy means that we hold dear the right of our volunteers to choose the charity to which the money they generate is donated. At the same time, we like to raise awareness of small and local charities who, despite not having great publicity budgets, do invaluable work on minimal funds. To help our volunteers decide where to donate the money they have raised with OxFizz, we have compiled our Guide to over 50 small Oxfordshire charities. While volunteers are free to choose any charity, international, 31

national or local, our Guide can help to inform their choice. Many of our volunteers put a lot of effort into researching and choosing their charities – intelligent philanthropy in action. As one of our volunteers, a recent LMH graduate, put it: ‘I choose small local charities to give my donations to, as they are less likely to attract large donations than are big, national charities. Any help is able to benefit their causes more, and helps raise awareness of what they do.’ One of the great pleasures we have at OxFizz is writing the cheques at the end of the year to the charities chosen by our volunteers, and receiving thank-you notes from the charities, which we forward to the volunteers. As one small Oxfordshire charity recently wrote, to thank one of our volunteers: It so happens that today we are giving a fundraising event, a barbecue in our little garden . . . and it’s raining, which means we probably won’t make as much money as we anticipated. So a surprise cheque like the one you sent will be especially appreciated.

We are also keen to see OxFizz as a catalyst rather than the end point of our volunteers’ social participation. The name ‘OxFizz’ originates from Oxford Fission, the idea that a small start may result in a multitude of possibilities. We want our team to enjoy and be inspired by their volunteering, and to go on and engage further in social action. We are encouraged that a handful of our volunteers have gone on to set up their own charities or social enterprises, or have volunteered with other organisations as a result of their time volunteering with us. The final prong of our trident of aims, which includes resource generation and encouragement of voluntary participation, is to make sure that everything we do is socially positive. So for each fee-paying service we offer, we provide a free service to a young person from a less advantaged background. At Oxbridge Interviews, for example, we have a thriving bursary programme where we link up with educational charities such as Teach First and Villiers Park Educational Trust to provide practice interviews to pupils on free school meals or whose parents have not been to university. The thinking behind OxFizz was born during our studies at LMH, from our appreciation of LMH’s history of philanthropic alumni and our observation of its active student base of volunteers. With our own

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OxFizz band of volunteers and philanthropists we aim to continue this tradition, and to inspire people to make a difference in a different way. Jamie Dear (2003 Theology) For more information on OxFizz, or if you are interested in getting involved, please contact us at [email protected] or go to www.oxfizz.org.

C. S. Lewis declines an invitation While at LMH, Elaine Morgan (Floyd 1939) and her fellow undergraduates, Ruth Compton and Ursula Blomfield, wrote to C. S. Lewis to ask if he might visit LMH and talk to the students. Their invitation was written in verse and so Professor Lewis replied accordingly: Ursula, Ruth, Elaine – They must be noms de plume! So beautiful a chain Of sounds who dare assume? Whispering of one who stood Mid alien corn; another All gules with martyred blood; The third, great Galahad’s mother! Can Lady Margaret Hall (Elaine, Ursula, Ruth) Really contain you all In plain baptismal truth? Who can in verse reply To three such storied dames, Who bear such sweet poesy Locked in their very names? Not though their names are Ursula, Elaine, Brynhild or Britomart or Bradamante, Pamela or Philoclea or Ygraine,

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Can I afford one drop of this dry brain To any pupils more. The crop grows scanty. What man can do, he does. For what he can’t he Shows truest courtesy choosing to refrain. Even if I had the mind of Socrates, And Abelard’s zeal and Aristotle’s lore, Twixt washing up (we’re maidless), LDVs, And college offices, I can no more, Seeing man’s life by rigid space and time Is bounded as a sonnet by its rhyme. C. S. Lewis Verse by C. S. Lewis, © C. S. Lewis Pte Ltd.



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Senior Members’ Personal and Career News (Women members are listed by their surnames at the time of entry to the Hall; married names, if used, are placed in brackets afterwards). 1940

OLGA POCOCK writes that she fully retired as a psychotherapist in

2007.

1943

MARY GRAHAM (Holtby): the editor apologises for the error she made

in last year’s Brown Book; the music for Mary Holtby’s Ode on the 350th Birthday of Mr Henry Purcell was arranged and composed by Richard Shephard and not by Richard Gardner.

1944

HELEN LUCAS-TOOTH (Lady Oppenheimer) now has a great-grand-

son, Reuben Mosley, born in October 2010.

1952

MARGARET HENSHAW (Barker) has, since May 2010, been Town May-

or of Great Faringdon, Oxon, which was the second-most damaged town in the Civil War – during which the church lost its spire. She writes that it is proving to be a most enjoyable year and she is seeing a very different side to the city of Oxford than that of the University. The two do coincide, for example for the Law Lecture in the Exam Schools, a location which previously had very different memories for her. Her official functions have included a ceremony in the cathedral where the congregation had slips of rosemary to put on the shrine of St Frideswide (whom she had mainly associated with The Canterbury Tales) – a nice gesture. The ceremonial garb of the Lord Mayor, the High Sheriff, the Lord Lieutenant, the judges, the clergy, etc., is as colourful as the academic robes. ROSAMUND McANDREW (Southern) has written a micro-article, ‘Nathan Field 1587–1619’ for the first volume of the Cambridge World Shakespeare Encyclopedia due out in 2012. She is working on a biography of Sir John Harrington (1560–1612) entitled The Queen’s Godson which is due to be published in 2011.

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1953

SARA LA BOUCHARDIÈRE (Baggaley) is delighted that her grandson,

Thomas Godfrey-Faussett, is following his mother, Dr Rachel Baggaley (1978), and is now in his second year at LMH. He will be joined by his brother, George, in Michaelmas term 2011.

1955

JENNIFER BAK (Owen) received the Ecological Engagement Award

from the British Ecological Society and the Gold Veitch Memorial Medal from the Royal Horticultural Society, both in 2010.

1956

JEANETTE SCOTT (Beer) continues to reside in Princeton, and comes

to Oxford every term as a visitor to St Hilda’s College and a member of the SCR at LMH. She gave a paper ‘Julius Caesar in Paris: Didactic Displacement in Li Fet des Romains’ at the International Medieval Society of Paris Symposium on TRANSLATIO, 23–26 June 2010. In the concluding session she was also Respondent to the symposium.

1957

ELIZABETH CLOSS (Traugott) retired from Stanford University in 2003

and has been very busy since, doing research and teaching short courses on changes in grammar and meaning. Most recently, in April 2010, she taught an intensive course on constructionalisation at Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China. She was awarded Honorary Doctorates by the University of Uppsala in 2006 and the University of Helsinki in 2010. In 2009 she was elected Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy. MARGARET DODDS has been retired since 2003 and writes that she and her husband divide their time between their summer home in Gettysburg and their retirement community in Florida. Both of them continue to preach occasionally, provide leadership in their diverse church of 26 denominations, and volunteer for many service projects. They are grateful for good health and interesting things to do. They have three children, scattered across the US. ANGELA PEDLAR (Robinson) writes that she is now in her 12th year in Bangladesh, having gone for only one. Being a widow with no children, she says she is peculiarly free to do something a bit odd! Since 2006, she has been living in the diplomatic zone in Dhaka and has a car and driver and a job to do that gives her a lot of satisfaction. She 36

is now self-funded, pioneering the job of Church of Bangladesh chaplain to all the English speakers with the authorisation of the Moderator Bishop. She is hoping to get a project on to paper in April, in a form in which it will be acceptable to the Church of Bangladesh and its donors, to continue her efforts to form an ‘Anglican-type’ chaplaincy. She has also been teaching/coaching in an international school, helping the very bright and predominantly Bangladeshi pupils to stop copying essays (or getting their private tutors to write them for them) and to use their (considerable) creativity to write their own. Teaching pupils, parents and even teachers themselves what ‘education’ is meant to be about is a long, hard swim against the tide that insists that the only things that matter are grades, however achieved! As she is now 72 and has chronic bronchitis she prays that her project will get something established for the future before she has to go home. 1960

LIBBY HOUSTON writes that the Cheddar Whitebeam, Sorbus chedda-

rensis, one of the three new whitebeam species she discovered in the Cheddar Gorge, was featured on BBC1’s ‘Countryfile’ programme in February 2010 – unfortunately a leafless time of year! ELIZABETH IVIMY (Clarke) sadly reports that her husband, William, died of cancer on 7 April 2010. He had been Head of Technology at the Courtauld Institute of Art where he had worked from 1978 until 2008. VIRGE TAUL (James) writes that 2010 saw the 50th anniversary of her matriculation. Inevitably this has therefore been a year for reunions, celebrations and remembrance. In April their home was the venue for an LMH/Pembroke drinks party for alumni living reasonably nearby. It was an interesting and enjoyable event which they hope will set the trend for many more such informal gatherings. She fulfilled a longstanding wish, held ever since her DM, to attend an Encaenia. This she did on a glorious summer morning in June and had the great honour of ‘processing’ with Sir Roger Bannister. A few days later, she and Nigel attended the LMH gaudy, another successful event and further reminder of how relationships with each other never seem to change. In September, the 1960 Oxford intake of potential medical students (Physiology and PP in those days) met for a splendid weekend at Oriel and Somerville. At LMH, she was the only ‘medic’ in her year so the medical faculty was a further source of numerous life-long friends. She writes that it was wonderful to see so many gathered to37

gether again from all over the world, but also a sad reminder of the many who have already departed this life. It is these events associated with Oxford that led to a great sense of gratitude, not only for continued life and health but also for a very privileged education without worry about the build-up of debt. For this reason she joined Maureen Cruickshank in writing a letter to all the LMH 1960 intake to help raise £10,000 towards the college – a year-group gift to be marked by a plaque on the Pipe Partridge building – which they hope will be successful. MAUREEN WARE (Cruickshank) writes that after attending the happy and successful gaudy in June and sharing with many the feelings of belonging to an advantaged era, she joined with Virge James in contacting their year group to raise £10,000 for the College. 1964

WENDY DOBSON (Warr) along with Jane Goodbody (now Hoffmann),

Caroline Clifford (Taleb), Caroline Rodger, Judy Clarke (Stephenson) and Enid Thomas (Humfrey), all from 1964, had an enjoyable reunion lunch in London in 2010. She and Enid were amused to find that their sons (Alastair and James) had been contemporaries in Pop at Eton, but they had never realised. Her younger son, Adrian, married Tamsin Emerson in France on 26 June 2010. His best men were his older brother, Alastair, and Tom Chamberlain (1997).

1966

CLARE STANCLIFFE writes that her husband, Ben de la Mare, died in

October 2009, having been ill since February of that year.

PHYLLIS WILLIAMS (Starkey) was one of the MPs defeated at the Gen-

eral Election on 6 May 2010, and so she is busy reorganising her life and exploring fresh opportunities. After her 13 years representing Milton Keynes, they have now moved back to Oxford and are enjoying the freedom to spend more time with their children, grandchildren and friends.

1967

JESSICA KEMBALL-COOK (Yates) lectured on ‘William Morris’s influ-

ence on Tolkien’ at the William Morris Society in June 2009, and on ‘Dwarfs in Fantasy’ at the Terry Pratchett Discworld Convention in August 2010; she also gave a talk on time travel at the annual Eastercon in 2010. She has now retired from her job as a school librarian, 38

having worked in the ILEA, Haringey and Enfield during her career, and lives in Enfield. 1968

LINDSEY DAVIS was awarded the Premio Colosseo by the city of Rome

(for ‘enhancing the image of Rome in the world’) in November 2010 – and will be awarded the Crimewriters’ Association Cartier Diamond Dagger for lifetime achievement in May 2011. SARAH STEWART BROWN writes that she hit 60 this year, as many of those in her year will have done, and had a wonderful birthday party at LMH in the new Pipe Partridge building. She says, ‘I can’t recommend this highly enough to any of you who want to celebrate. The staff were all so helpful and the venue is a delight.’ She also obtained another qualification – Cert. Zero Balancing. She had thought that she really had enough of these, but as her interest in alternative, or energy, medicine has grown, it has become important to her to learn how to practise this properly. Her interest began a while back, but intensified when breast cancer gave her the opportunity to really explore the potential of energy medicine. So instead of radiotherapy and chemotherapy she did a trial with an ‘n’ of one and has been very impressed. Her understanding of health and disease and how the body works in concert with the mind and spirit has been transformed. She would be very interested in making contact with any alumni who have found themselves making this journey. It can be lonely trying to bridge the world of an ambitious new medical school (Warwick), where she carries on as professor of public health, and the world of energy medicine. Her daughter, Charlie, qualified in medicine and completed her two foundation years in Bristol, and her son, Tom, qualified and completed his training in the law. He found a splendid partner and stepson and they have given her yet another qualification (grandmother) in the form of the very wonderful Oscar, aged two. 1969

ISOBEL FISHER (Goulding) writes that in August 2010 her husband,

Jeremy, retired from Shrewsbury School where he had been headmaster since 2001 and where she has been teaching classics and religious studies. They now look forward to some years of retirement, dividing their time between Cumbria and the Oxfordshire Cotswolds and a little, long overdue, travel abroad. 39

MARY SLOPER is having a good and worthwhile life in Jamaica as a gen-

eral practitioner and is well known for her medical radio show (of 23 years) in which she fields all medical questions and generally educates a poor and sometimes ill-informed population on health matters. She also works hard to improve the standard of medical care among GPs (and other doctors), teaches medical students, and is a founding member of the Caribbean College of Family Physicians. ANN WIDDECOMBE has retired, after 23 years as an MP, to a wonderful house on Dartmoor with views over the moors to the sea, and is enjoying life as a private citizen. 1970

MIRANDA ALDHOUSE (Aldhouse-Green) continues as Professor of Ar-

chaeology at Cardiff University where she teaches on the taught Masters programme. She is fully engaged on two new research projects, on Romano–British iconography and on ideas about twins and pairs. In 2010 she finished filming with BBC2 for a series on ‘Ancient Britain’. She has been fortunate to have been invited to Harvard where she took part in a week-long debate with 11 other scholars on ancient paganism and modern survivals. NICOLA PADEL (Hall) qualified in April 2010 as a psychoanalytic psychotherapist, registered with the British Psychoanalytic Council, and continues to work in Bath in the NHS and privately. 1971

MARIANNE BURNS (Elliott) holds the Blair Chair and is Director of

the Institute of Irish Studies at Liverpool University. Her last book was a publication of her Ford Lectures, When God Took Sides. Religion and Identity in Ireland – Unfinished History (Oxford University Press, 2009).

1972

SARA BONNER (Impey) writes that she was commissioned by the Vic-

toria & Albert Museum to make a quilt for their exhibition ‘Quilts 1700–2010: Hidden Histories, Untold Stories’ which ran from March to July 2010. The quilt, entitled ‘Punctuation’, has been bought by the V&A.

40

1974

JANE DOULL moved to St Andrews, New Brunswick, in Septem-

ber 2010 where she continues to work as a minister in a parish of the United Church of Canada. ALISON GOMM was delighted to meet old friends at a tea party to celebrate the naming of an arch in Pipe Partridge for the 1974 year group. The fund-raising was ably organised by Jo Andrews. ALISON PAGE (Schroeder) writes that her younger son, Philip, is now at LMH reading PPE, having matriculated in 2009. VICTORIA SCHOFIELD is under contract to write the history of The Black Watch in two volumes. In March 2010 she made a moving visit to the grave of Benazir Bhutto (1973) in central Sindh. She remains closely involved with events in South Asia and continues to write on Pakistan, Kashmir and Afghanistan. She is delighted that her younger daughter, Olivia, is now at LMH reading Theology. 1975

SUZANNE FRANKS is Director of Research at the Centre for Journalism

at the University of Kent.

SALLY FRENCH (Lees) was appointed as the first female Headteacher

of Dover Grammer School for Boys in 2004 and has led the school from its designation as ‘undeserving’ in 2004 to its most recent Ofsted inspection in May 2010 when the school achieved ‘outstanding’. In August 2010, she took up a new appointment as Principal of Homewood School and Sixth Form Centre in Tenterden, Kent.Homewood School is the largest secondary school in Kent and is well known for its innovative approach to the curriculum and its effective links with the community.

1978

LOUISE GREEN (Nicholson) was promoted to Professor at the Univer-

sity of Auckland on 18 December 2009.

TESSA VAN DER WILLIGEN became chief of staff to the Managing Di-

rector of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, in February 2010. She lives in Washington DC with her husband, Jonathan Walters, and their two sons, David, 15, and Jacob, 10.

41

1979

MIYUKI SUZUKI has been president and CEO of KVH Co. Ltd, a

telecommunications and IT managed services company, since January 2007. She is married to Philip Beagent.

1980

HELEN COBB (Hackett) continues to be a member of the English De-

partment at University College, London, where she has been since 1990. In 2010 she became a Professor.

1981

SAAD S. HYDER was promoted to the post of Vice President, Credit

Analysis & Portfolio Management, Corporate Investment Banking Group, Mashreq Bank, Dubai, UAE, in October 2010. BERNIE MORLEY was appointed as Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Learning and Teaching at the University of Bath from 1 March 2010. PETER TYLER is a senior lecturer in pastoral theology at St Mary’s University College, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham. 1983

PHILIP HENSHER has been Professor of Creative Writing at the Uni-

versity of Exeter since 2005. He now lives in London, Topsham in Devon, and Geneva, Switzerland, where his civil partner, Zaved Mahmood, is a human rights lawyer for the United Nations. KATE PARMINTER was appointed to the peerage in July 2010 as Baroness Parminter.  She is a working peer, sitting on the Liberal Democrat benches in the Lords. 1986

PHILIP BARCLAY published Zimbabwe: Years of Hope and Despair

(Bloomsbury, 2010). The book is an account of the elections in Zimbabwe in 2008 and the subsequent violent campaign by which the ruling regime retained power, based on Philip’s Foreign Office posting to Zimbabwe, 2006–9 (see Reviews). NIGEL MORTIMER writes that in June and July 2010 he spent a very happy and productive sabbatical period back in College; he is extremely grateful to the Principal and SCR for making him feel so welcome.

42

1992

AMYAS BRAY is working as a GP partner in a practice in Doncaster.

1993

IMOGEN AYLEN writes with an update on the LMH Settlement. Some

alumni will be familiar with the LMH Settlement, while more recent graduates may not have heard of the charity which now operates independently of the college. Now in its 113th year, the Settlement has had a busy year of change. It currently employs one full-time and two part-time staff, and most recently Imogen joined to help coordinate and rejuvenate the Settlement’s various interests around its core vision of training and education in Lambeth and beyond. The main project, which celebrated an impressive 20th anniversary in 2010, is All Sewn Up, a sewing training scheme which offers subsidised classes to students who are often socially excluded, lacking in qualifications, and may feel unable to attend adult education colleges. Small classes and experienced tutors make for a nurturing and supportive learning environment that leads to a high success rate, with the majority of users completing courses. Other projects focus on the regeneration of the North Lambeth areas, Kennington and Vauxhall, including managing a local community centre which houses artists’ studios, a vegetarian café, classes run by the local Portuguese community and social activities, as well as a graduate training scheme run in the spacious former mattress factory hall. Various outreach programmes are in development, with a need for fundraising and volunteer support to push them forward. The support of LMH alumni is welcomed: many offer more than financial support, in the form of consultancy and advice in areas such as governance, financial management and legal issues. Anyone wanting to find out more or to get involved is encouraged to contact Imogen Aylen at LMHS: email [email protected]; www.lmhs.org.uk.

1994

JOHN LOCKER completed an MSc at UCL in 2007 in Telecommuni-

cations Business. He now works for BT as Head of Service Products in the Openreach division. He is Chairman of Governors at a primary school in south London and was elected to Wandsworth Borough Council in May 2010. He is living in Balham and enjoys spending time doting on his LMH goddaughters, Eloise Eva Elgar Williams and Georgia Kate Allwood. 43

1996

THOMAS WEBER became the Director of the new Centre for Global

Uncertainties at the University of Aberdeen in September 2010.

1997

KLINA JORDAN became engaged to Lee Chapman (1995) in April

2010. They have moved into a new home together in a converted church in Tufnell Park, London. NICHOLAS LAMBERT was appointed Lecturer in Digital Art at Birkbeck College, University of London, in November 2010. Previously he was Research Officer in the Department of History of Art and Screen Media. Following a successful AHRC bid, he became Principal Investigator on the Computer Arts and Technocultures Project (2007–10). One of the outcomes of this project was the display ‘Digital Pioneers’ at the Victoria & Albert Museum. He was elected Chair of the Computer Arts Society, part of the Chartered Institute for IT, in 2010 and has recently exhibited his work at the Chelsea Art Museum, New York (2009) and London. 2001

GABRIELLE ADKINS writes that, having graduated from LMH in 2004

(BA Music), she decided to pursue her other passion, medicine, and gained a place at King’s College, London in 2006. As part of her medical studies, she decided to undertake an intercalated BSc degree in Pharmacology, graduating in 2009 with First Class Honours. She is currently in her 4th year of medical studies, and is due to qualify as a doctor in July 2012.

2003

STEPHANIE LANGIN-HOOPER married David Stanton on 11 Janu-

ary 2011 in the Cayman Islands. In attendance at their Jewish–Catholic ceremony were fellow LMH alumni Benedikt Gilich (2004) and Laura Varnam (2004). The bride and groom are currently graduate students at the University of California, Berkeley, where Stephanie is finishing her PhD in Ancient Near Eastern Art History

44

Marriages (These are listed with the Member’s name first, but where both husband and wife are Members the alphabetical order of their surnames is used.) BEDDOE–SHEEHAN. On 26 June 2010, Catherine Beddoe (1999) to Patrick

Sheehan

BLUNDELL–LOPEZ SANCHEZ. On 10 May 2008, Jonathan Blundell (2006) to

Leticia Lopez Sanchez (2006) van GENNIP–van de NIEUWENHOF. In 2007, Joep van Gennip (2001) to Hedwig van de Nieuwenhof GREGORY–TYSON. On 24 April 2010, Susan Gregory (1964) to William Tyson OBE LANGIN-HOOPER–STANTON. On 11 January 2011, Stephanie LanginHooper (2003) to David Stanton McMILLAN–BECKETT. On 23 September 2010, Catherine McMillan (2002) to Thomas Beckett NELSON–NORMAN. On 10 July 2010, Karen Nelson (2001) to Stuart Norman O’REGAN–PATEL. On 28 August 2010, John Joseph O’Regan (2000) to Mayerling Patel TSAI–BARKER. On 4 September 2010, Andrea Tsai (2005) to Daniel Barker

Civil Commitments and Unions HENSHER–MAHMOOD. On 16 May 2009, between Philip Hensher (1983)

and Zaved Mahmood

Births (These are listed by the preferred surname of the Member; where both parents are Members and different surnames used, the surnames are in alphabetical order.) BOWNES. On 29 September 2010, to Tracy (Gofton 1996) a son (2s) BRAY. To Kate (Wynn 1992) and Amyas (1992), on 30 May 2004 a daughter,

on 8 June 2007 a son, and on 1 April 2010 a son (1d, 2s)

DAY. On 29 January 2010, to Tim (1992) a son (3s)

45

EVANS. To Huw (1990), on 22 April 2008 a son and on 20 July 2010 a daugh-

ter (1s, 1d) van GENNIP. On 19 April 2010, to Joel (2001) a son (1s) HEARD. On 24 March 2010, to Clare (Poyser 1993) a son (1d, 1s) HOLLAND. On 5 February 2010, to Ian (1994) and Lyndsay (Winter 1995) a son (1s) JONES. On 4 December 2009, to Melody (Goddard 1988) a daughter (3d) KELLER. On 15 June 2010, to Rachel (1985) a daughter (2d) LEWIN. On 7 November 2010, to Lucy (Warren 1998) a son (1s) RADLEY. On 17 May 2010, to Andrew (1997) and Kathryn (Tee 1998) a daughter (1s, 1d) SMITH. On 21 December 2009, to Camilla (Macpherson 1994) a daughter (1d) WEBER. On 12 March 2010, to Thomas (1996) a daughter (1d) WEBER. On 9 February 2009, to Mark (1997) and Lucy (Clissett 1997) a daughter (1s, 1d)

Deaths ANDERSON. On 8 October 2010, Helen Margaret (Blaikie 1941) aged 87 BAINES. On 28 July 2010, Grace Unity (Grant 1937) aged 91 BATTY. On 16 January 2011, Joyce Ellen (1942) aged 87 BRADING. On 7 January 2011, Alison Frances (Fellow 1968–2005) aged 71

(see Obituaries)

CLEMENTI. In 2010, Dione (1935 and 1951) aged about 96 (see Obituaries) DANCE. On 10 July 2010, Gwyneth Mary (Marston 1951) aged 76 (see Obitu-

aries)

DAVEY. On 30 May 2010, Audrey Dorothy (1947) aged about 80 DAWNAY. On 9 December 2010, Eve Margaret (1944) aged 85 FAIRHURST. On 5 April 2010, Elizabeth Barbara (Haden 1947) aged 82 FARRER. On 15 January 2010, Ann Grace (Hutchinson 1943) aged 85 GILLIES. On 2 January 2011, Eva Helen Felicitas (Krapf 1948) aged 80 (there

will be an obituary in next year’s Brown Book)

GRAHAM-DIXON. On 26 March 2010, Margaret Suzanne (Villar 1950) aged

79 (see Obituaries)

HEFFERNAN. On 14 December 2010, Shelagh Agnes (1978) aged 55 (see

Obituaries)

HEYCOCK. On 14 May 2010, Thomasine Mary (Trefusis 1960) aged 67 (see

Obituaries)

46

HOLMAN. On 20 August 2010, Mollie Elizabeth (1955) aged 80 (see

Obituaries)

HUMPHRIES. On 26 December 2010, Tamsin Carson (1972) aged 72 LOY. On 2 November 2010, Brenda (Walker 1947) aged 81 (see Obituaries) McCOMAS. On 21 June 2010, Vera Theodora Roberts (Brown 1940) aged 89 PACK. On 24 October 2010, Constance Mary (Gillam 1941) aged 88 PEET. On 12 October 2010, Katharine Mary Skrine (Ainley-Walker 1942)

aged 82.

PITCAIRN. On 3 June 2010, Ilsa Karola Jane Alexandra (Remy 1949) aged 79 REES. In April 2010, Barbara (1953) aged 76 (see Obituaries) ROSS. On 3 October 2010, Catherine (Scott 1948) aged 81 ROSSEINSKY. On 14 February 2011, Angela Joyce (Oliver 1955) aged 75 RUSSELL. On 27 January 2011, Joan (Foster 1952) aged 98 SLATER. On 23 September 2010, Margaret (1938) aged 90 STEELE. On 19 June 2009, Richard Hamilton (1984) aged 43 (see Obituaries) SWINGLEHURST. On 26 December 2010, Marion Pamela (Search 1947)

aged 81

TUPLING. On 9 August 2010, Betty Carol (Hollis 1936) aged 92 WOOD. On 17 July 2010, Fiona (1985) aged 43 (see Obituaries) CLARKE. On 7 April 2010, William Clarke, husband of Elizabeth (Ivimy 1960) GVOZDENOVIC. In 2010, Danilo, husband of Daphne Anne Gvozdenovic

(Kennedy 1944)

KIRKMAN. On 4 April 2009, Charles Kirkman CBE, husband of Mary (Aye-

Moung 1939) de la MARE. On 29 October 2009, Ben de la Mare, husband of Clare Stancliffe (1966) PEARCE. On 14 February 2010, Michael Oliver Pearce, husband of Gill (Mackeown 1955) and father of Robert (1984) ROBSON. On 20 December 2010, Peter William Robson, friend of the College and father of Mark Robson, LMH Treasurer 2003–8

47

Senior Members’ Publications MIRANDA ALDHOUSE-GREEN (1970). Caesar’s Druids: Story of an Ancient

Priesthood (Yale University Press, 2010) (see Reviews).

PHILIP BARCLAY (1986). Zimbabwe: Years of Hope and Despair (Bloomsbury,

2010) (see Reviews).

JEANETTE BEER (Scott 1956). Review of Richard de Fournival, ‘Le “Bestiaire

d’amour” et la “Response du bestiaire,”’ edited and translated (into Modern French) by Gabriel Biancotto in Speculum 85, 732–34, 2010. CLARE CAMPBELL (1938). A Life Story in Word Song (Cassandra Press, 2010). NANCY CAMPBELL (1996). Dinner and a Rose (Centre for Fine Print Research, Bristol, 2010); The Old Stile Press . . . the next ten years (The Old Stile Press, Llandogo, 2010); The Night Hunter (Z’Roah Press, New York, 2011). LINDSEY DAVIS (1968). Nemesis (Century, 2010); Falco: the Official Companion (Century, 2010) (to be reviewed in next year’s Brown Book). MARIANNE ELLIOTT (Burns 1971). When God Took Sides. Religion and Identity in Ireland – Unfinished History (Oxford University Press, 2009). JOANNE FOAKES (1975). ‘International Relations Law’ in Halsbury’s Laws of England, Vol 61 (5th edition, LexisNexis UK); ‘Heads of State’ and ‘Heads of Government and Other Senior Officials’ in Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (Oxford University Press, 2010). AMANDA FOREMAN (1991). A World on Fire: An Epic History of Two Nations Divided (Allen Lane, 2010) (see Reviews). SUZANNE FRANKS (1975). ‘The Neglect of Africa and the Power of Aid’ in International Communication Gazette, 72, 71–84, 2010; ‘Why Bob Geldorf has got it Wrong’ in British Journalism Review, 20, 51–56, 2010; ‘Globalizing Consciousness. The end of “foreign” reporting and no more foreign secrets’ in Ethical Space, 7, 2010. HELEN HACKETT (Cobb 1980). Book reviews in The London Review of Books, Times Literary Supplement and English Historical Review; theatre review in Shakespeare (journal of the British Shakespeare Association); and an interview on http://thebrowser.com/interviews/helen-hackett-on-elizabeth-i. DAPHNE HAMPSON (1966). ‘Kant and the Present’, in New Topics in Feminist Philosophy of Religion: Resistance and Spiritual Practices, The Feminist Philosophy Collection edited by P. S. Anderson (New York: Springer, 2010); ‘PostChristian Thought’, in The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity edited by D. Patte (Cambridge University Press, 2010). MEG HARRIS WILLIAMS (Harris 1974). The Aesthetic Development: the poetic spirit of psychoanalysis (Karnac Books, 2009) (see Reviews).

48

MEREDITH HOOPER (Rooney 1961). The Longest Winter: Scott’s Other Heroes

(John Murray, 2010) (see Reviews).

LIBBY HOUSTON (1960). Whitebeams, Rowans and Service Trees of Britain and

Ireland. A monograph of British and Irish Sorbus L, B.S.B.I. Handbook No.14. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London with T. C. G. Rich, A. Robertson, M. C. F. Proctor (2010); ‘Bridge. A celebration of Clifton Suspension Bridge’, a radio poem commissioned by BBC Radio 4 in 2006, in Bristol Review of Books, 13, 18–19, 2010; ‘Hybridization and polyploidy as drivers of continuing evolution and speciation in Sorbus’ with A. Robertson et al in Molecular Ecology, 19, 1675–1690, 2010. LUCY KELLAWAY (1978). In Office Hours (Fig Tree, 2010) (see Reviews). NICHOLAS LAMBERT (1997). White Heat Cold Logic: British Computer Art 1960–1980 edited with Paul Brown, Charlie Gere and Catherine Mason (MIT Press, 2009); Llandaff Cathedral (Seren, 2010). SUE McINTYRE (Willans 1954). Title (Publisher, 2010) (see Reviews). LAURA MacPHEE (2006). ‘Official Secrets’ in Scots Law for Journalists (8th edition) by Rosalind McInnes (W. Green, 2010). PAULINE MATARASSO (Sanderson 1947). Le baptême de Renée de France en 1510: comptes des frais et préparatifs (CNRS, Paris, 2010); John of Forde: The Life of Wulfric of Haselbury, Anchorite, translation, introduction and notes (Cistercian Publications, 2011). GILLIAN MAWREY (Butt 1960). The Gardens of English Heritage with Linden Groves (Frances Lincoln, 2010) (see Reviews); book reviews in The Art Newspaper; articles in Historic Gardens Review. E. JENNIFER MONAGHAN (Walker 1951). ‘Schoolbooks’, with Charles Monaghan, in History of the Book in America, vol. 2, An Extensive Republic: Print, Culture, and Society in the New Nation, 1790–1840, edited by Robert A. Gross and Mary Kelley (University of North Carolina Press and the American Antiquarian Society, 2010); review of Education and the Culture of Print in Modern America, edited by Adam R. Nelson and John L. Rudolph, in Teachers College Record, 112, 2010. LOUISE NICHOLSON (1978). ‘Behavioural and molecular consequences of chronic cannabinoid treatment in Huntington’s disease transgenic mice’ with M.J. Dowie et al in Neuroscience, 170, 324–336, 2010; ‘A case study for Outreach: the Auckland experience of the New Zealand Brain Bee Challenge’ with M.J. Dowie in The Neuroscientist, 16, 2010; ‘Differential localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptor subunits and gephyrin in the human pons, medulla oblongata and uppermost cervical segment of the spinal cord: an immunohistochemical study’ with H. J. Waldvogel et al in Journal of Comparative Neurology, 518, 305–328, 2010.

49

EILÉAN NÍ CHUILLEÁNEIN (1964). The Sun Fish (The Gallery Press, 2009)

(see Reviews).

HELEN OPPENHEIMER (Lucas-Tooth 1944). On Being Someone: A Christian

Point of View (Imprint Academic, 2011) (see Reviews).

JENNIFER OWEN (Bak 1955). Wildlife of a Garden – a Thirty Year Study (Royal

Horticultural Society, 2010) (see Reviews).

GRISELDA POLLOCK (1967). Bluebeard’s Legacy: Death and Secrets from Bartok

to Hitchcock edited with Victoria Anderson March (I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2009) (see Reviews). SUSAN REYNOLDS (1947). ‘Two Centuries of Representations of the Middle Ages’, in Representing History, edited by Robert A. Maxwell (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010); Before Eminent Domain: Toward a History of Expropriation of Land for the Common Good (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010) (see Reviews). CHRIS ROBSON (1983). Confessions of an entrepreneur (Pearson, 2010) (see Reviews). VALERIE SANDERS (1978). The Tragi-Comedy of Victorian Fatherhood (Cambridge University Press, 2009) (see Reviews). SARAH SEARIGHT (1957). Lapis Lazuli: In Pursuit of a Celestial Stone (East & West Publishing, 2010) (see Reviews). VICTORIA SCHOFIELD (1974). New editions of Afghan Frontier: At the Crossroads of Conflict (I. B. Tauris, 2010), Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan & the Unending War (I. B. Tauris, 2010), Wavell: Soldier & Statesman (Pen & Sword, 2010); ‘Roses in the Dust’ in Traveller, Winter 2010/11. CLARE STANCLIFFE (1966). ‘Creator and Creation: A preliminary investigation of early Irish views and their relationship to biblical and patristic traditions’ in Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 58, 9–27, 2009; ‘British and Irish Contexts’ in The Cambridge Companion to Bede edited by S. DeGregorio (Cambridge, 2010); ‘“Charity with peace”: Adomnán and the Easter question’ in Adomnán of Iona edited by J. M. Wooding (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2010). GRANT TAPSELL (1995). Restoration Politics, Religion and Culture with George Southcombe. British History in Perspective (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) (see Reviews). ELIZABETH TONKIN (1952). ‘A Saucy Town? Regional histories of conflict, collusion and commerce in the making of a Southeastern Liberian polity’ in The Powerful Presence of the Past: Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast edited by J. Knörr and W. T. Filho (Brill, 2010). ELIZABETH TRAUGOTT (Closs 1957). ‘“All that he endeavoured to prove was...”: On the emergence of grammatical constructions in dialogic contexts’

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in Language in Flux: Dialogue Coordination, Language Variation, Change and Evolution, edited by Robin Cooper and Ruth Kempson (London: Kings College Publications, 2008); ‘Grammaticalization, constructions and the incremental development of language: Suggestions from the development of degree modifiers in English’ in Variation, Selection, Development: Probing the Evolutionary Model of Language Change edited by Regine Eckardt, Gergard Jäger, and Tonjes Veenstra (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008); Gradience, Gradualness, and Grammaticalization edited with Graeme Trousdale (Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2010). PETER TYLER (1981). St John of the Cross: Outstanding Christian Thinker (Continuum, London, 2010) (to be reviewed in next year’s Brown Book); Sources of Transformation: Revitalising Christian Spirituality edited with E. Howells (Continuum, London, 2010); The Return to the Mystical: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Teresa of Avila and the Christian Mystical Tradition (Continuum, London, 2010). JEHANNE WAKE (Williams 1975). Sisters of Fortune: The First American Heiresses to take Europe by Storm (Chatto & Windus, 2010) (see Reviews). SHAOHUA WANG (2008). ‘Chinese students studying abroad: The role of parents’ investment in their children’s education’, in China’s Higher Education Reform and Internationalisation edited by J. Ryan (Routledge, London, 2010).   JENNIFER WARD (1956). ‘Who to Commemorate and Why? The Commemoration of the Nobility in Eastern England in the Fourteenth Century’ in Memory and Commemoration in Medieval England edited by CM Barron and C Burgess (Denington, 2010); ‘Community’ in A Cultural History of Childhood and Family in the Middle Ages edited by L. J. Wilkinson (New York, 2010); ‘The Wheel of Fortune and the Bohun Family in the Early Fourteenth Century’ in Essex Archaeology and History, XXXIX, 162–71, 2008. WENDY WARR (Dobson 1964). ‘Some Trends in Chem(o)informatics’ in Chemoinformatics and Computational Chemical Biology edited by J. Bajorath (New York: Humana Press (Springer), 2010); multiple articles in J. Comput.‑Aided Mol. Des. THOMAS WEBER (1996). Hitler’s First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War (Oxford University Press, 2010) (see Reviews). CAROL WHITEHEAD (Butler 1958). ‘Significant differences between path partitions in directed and undirected graphs’, with M. Frick and S. van Aardt in Utilitas Math. 83, 179–185, 2010 MARGARET WILLES (1964). Pick of the Bunch (The Bodleian Library, 2009) (see Reviews).

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JESSICA YATES (Kemball-Cook 1967) ‘Superhero comics and graphic novels’

in Going Graphic: Comics and Graphic Novels for young people, edited by B. Carrington and J. Harding, papers from the British IBBY/NCRCl conference held at Roehampton University, London, on 14 November 2009 (Pied Piper, 2010).

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In Memoriam Alison Brading, 1939–2011 Alison Frances Brading, physiologist and pharmacologist, was born in Bexhill-on-Sea on 26 February 1939. She was University Lecturer in Pharmacology, 1972–95; Professor of Pharmacology, University of Oxford; Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, 1972–2005 (Emeritus). She died in Oxford on 7 January 2011. Alison Brading was a truly remarkable and inspirational woman, scientist and colleague who was a devoted tutor in Medicine and Physiology at Lady Margaret Hall. Despite suffering from a debilitating disease, she established herself as one of the leading female scientists of her generation. Alison profoundly shaped our understanding of the physiology of smooth muscle, and towards the later stages of her career, helped pioneer the clinical understanding of incontinence. During a visit to Nigeria in 1957, just after sitting her A levels, Alison acquired a polio infection which left her disabled. After flying home in one of the Queen’s planes (apparently a spare left in Lagos when she went out to open the hospital in Ibadan which Alison’s father, Brigadier Brading, had been in charge of building), Alison spent the next year and a half in the Wingfield (Nuffield) hospital in Oxford. She never recovered, and was reliant on crutches for mobility for the next 40 years and then, as her skeletal muscles weakened further, she was largely confined to a wheelchair. Following her extended recuperation in the Wingfield, she was denied the place she had earned to study Medicine at Oxford and instead read Zoology at the University of Bristol. She graduated with a first class honours degree in 1962. It was during her undergraduate studies there that she developed a passion for animal physiology, and this led her to remain in Bristol to conduct her PhD with Peter Caldwell, FRS. Alison Brading With Caldwell, she carried out a de53

tailed electrophysiological analysis of the membrane potential in Ascaris lumbricoides, and this kindled her career-long interest in the properties of muscle. At that time, most research was devoted to understanding the physiology of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Alison nevertheless decided to focus her efforts on the less tractable and largely ignored field of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle lines the walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, bronchi, gut and urinary bladder; and aberrant smooth muscle function is linked to an alarming number of disparate human diseases. Her burgeoning interest in smooth muscle led her, in 1965, to the research laboratory of Professor Edith Buelbring FRS, based in the Pharmacology department at Oxford. Buelbring’s group was the international centre of excellence in the field, and a magnet for both established and aspiring smooth muscle physiologists. It was here that Alison, with another gifted young scientist, Tadao Tomita, discovered fundamental mechanisms underlying smooth muscle excitability. Here, in contrast to in other muscle, they showed that calcium ions carry the spikes of electrical activity that often drive muscle contraction. Alison elegantly established the importance of membrane pumps in modulating excitability, particularly sodium–calcium exchange. This was important work: it showed that smooth muscle function was sculpted by a subtle interplay between ion channels and the largely overlooked ionic pumps. She also showed that different types of smooth muscle had different electrical and mechanical properties. This ran counter to the prevailing ideas of a homogenous population of smooth muscle and led to a growing appreciation of the need to study each organ system in isolation. Her subsequent work identified mechanisms through which drugs affected muscle function, which is being exploited by pharmaceutical companies to manage blood pressure, incontinence and gastro-intestinal problems. On Buelbring’s retirement, Alison headed the Smooth Muscle Research Group and continued its international dominance. Her laboratory was open to all: any visitor, regardless of standing or nationality, was always welcomed and often put up in her charming cottage in Thrupp, overlooking the Oxford canal. Her list of international collaborators was impressive: graduates, postdoctoral fellows and clinicians, many of whom occupy leading positions not only in the UK and Europe but also in North America, Japan, Taiwan and Australia. In the late 1980s, Alison redirected her research programme to tackle clinically related problems and focused on therapeutic management of the involuntary smooth muscle contraction that engenders inconti54

nence. Her shift pre-empted the current trend for translational research by two decades and served as a beacon for the rewards awaiting the marriage of mechanistic physiology with human disease. During this time, she set up the Oxford Incontinence Group, involving basic scientists and clinicians, which she headed until her retirement in 2005. In addition to her science (recorded in more than 160 papers and several books), Alison was an energetic and committed member of the Physiological Society, serving on the editorial board of its journal for several years. She was also an editor of the British Pharmacological Society along with several clinical journals on urology. Alison was also a remarkable educator, an Oxford icon: a true polymath who excelled both in her scientific research and in her teaching at both the University and College levels. A dedicated college tutor for almost 40 years, she taught generations of LMH medical students, physiologists and psychologists, opening up the wonders of the life sciences to them and instilling in them a scientific curiosity that would serve them well as their own careers unfolded. No less remarkable was her breadth of interest. She would read the entire content of journals such as the Journal of Physiology and the British Journal of Pharmacology (each monthly issue containing more than 20 research papers spanning the entire gamut of animal physiology and pharmacology). As a medical student at University College (Oxford) preparing for finals, I remember having tutorials in her office in the old pharmacology department. Not only was it her breadth of interests that struck me as unusual, but it was also her eagerness to engage and listen to what I had to say that stayed with me; the notion that even an experienced tutor could benefit from a dialogue with an undergraduate. In the present climate of extreme specialisation, she was probably one of the last great Oxford post-war medical tutors: able to teach the entire breadth of her discipline from the single molecule to the whole animal, and link disparate areas together with remarkable insight and clarity. But this is only part of the story. It was her personal touch, her sensitivity, her deeply entrenched belief (no doubt stemming from her own disability) that all her students were capable of accomplishing anything they put their minds to. Her sense of fairness and equality, her moral strength and probity, her unflinching commitment to higher education, and her ineffable courage and fortitude that drove her on despite the cruel hand that fate had dealt her, that inspired her colleagues and students alike, and enriched the lives of all those fortunate to be around her. 55

Thomas Huxley wrote: ‘The known is finite and the unknown infinite. Intellectually, we stand on an islet surrounded by the vast ocean of the unknown. The business of each generation is to reclaim some of the land.’ That Alison reclaimed some of that land is clear from her scientific endeavours and success. What is perhaps more remarkable is the way she did it. She will be missed for many years to come. Anant B. Parekh (Fellow and Tutor in Medicine and Biomedical Studies) I am grateful to my LMH colleague Dr Garry Brown (Biochemistry) for providing insight into Alison’s early years. A modified version of this piece has been published in the Journal of Physiology.

Sue Graham-Dixon, 1931–2010 I have delightful memories of evenings spent with her at her London flat, eating takeaway pizzas because, as she said, ‘I am a domestic goddess, but only in the country.’ She became a kind of moral tutor to me. She was warm-hearted, loving, kind, loyal, generous, witty, intelligent, beautiful and utterly unselfish. Her mind was as elegant and stylish as her appearance, and she wrote with elegance and simplicity. . . . Yet she had not a trace of vanity.

These tributes read at Sue’s funeral are a distillation of what I came to feel about her after our first meeting in 2000. We were jointly involved, with Stacy Marking and Anna McNair-Scott, in producing Oxford Originals, published in 2001 to celebrate the achievements of LMH graduates and raise money to endow an English fellowship. Stacy had done a magnificent job of researching and editing the contents, and over several enjoyable meetings a group of us helped her create a final text, research and choose pictures and take the project forward to its final shape. Sue’s contribution was invaluable: she was incisive, knowledgeable and practical; her commitment was unstinting, her suggestions pragmatic and the role she elected for herself characteristically low-key: ‘I can do the boring bits at the end.’ She did – and they were anything but boring. She was every inch the professional journalist and editor, a witty and gentle guide keeping us deftly on course to meet the budget and 56

the deadline. Only later did I discover that she was still actively engaged as a press officer for several international opera festivals, as well as running two households and looking after her husband Anthony, who was making a slow recovery from severe injuries sustained in a near-fatal car crash. She was a byword for the adage that if you want something done, you ask a person who is already busy. She was born Margaret Suzanne Villar in 1931 in Wallasey and brought up in North Wales near Mold. Her father, of Huguenot origin, was a lifelong friend of John Summers, and ran the Castle Firebrick Company, a vital part of the Summers iron and steel group which was of major importance during the war. On her mother’s side she was descended from Con O’Keefe, a nineteenth-century Irish professor of botany who devoted his life to developing a blight-free strain of potato. She was educated at Moreton Hall School in Shropshire, and went to LMH to study French and Spanish in 1950. She started Spanish from scratch, she said, whereas most of her contemporaries were fluent already and ‘just went up to have a good time’. Her tutors expressed surprise and disappointment when she just missed a First; she felt like saying they could usefully have told her of her prospects rather earlier – she might have worked a bit harder. Having been joint editor of Cherwell and with various articles accepted for the national press, she decided on a career in journalism, sensibly ignoring the advice of the OU Appointments Board that she should consider becoming a hospital almoner instead. A winner of Sue and Anthony Graham-Dixon on their engagement. Photograph by Anthony Armstrong Jones the annual Vogue Talent 57

Competition, she began work on the magazine and was rapidly promoted to editor of the Brides’ Section at just 24. She left this full-time career when, in 1956, she married the barrister Anthony Graham-Dixon within weeks of their meeting. They had two children, Andrew (the art historian) and Elizabeth, later dividing their time between their house in Hereford Square and the beautiful house and estate that Anthony inherited from his father in Sussex. During the 1960s she worked part-time as an information officer for the National Council for One-Parent Families, organising fundraising galas with Anya Sainsbury and writing a history of the organisation, Never Darken My Door. One evening after an Oxford Originals meeting, Sue and I were ambling towards a relaxed supper when she had a severe coughing fit. I expressed concern, and she said very firmly: ‘If you are going to know me, you need to know something about me. I cough.’ She had contracted TB as a child from a wartime evacuee, and suffered from a bronchiectasis and from asthma all her life. She was always frail (she endured a series of miscarriages) and her compromised health makes her achievements all the more remarkable. In the 1960s, living near the Royal College of Music, she embarked on singing lessons with Lyndon Vanderpump, primarily in order to improve her breathing. Through this happy association she came to know many musicians, lending her piano for student practice and in the 1970s setting up a prize for young singers in memory of her father, Hurmon Villar, who had died when she was a student. The winners (among them the soprano Janis Kelly, who sang at her memorial service) were invited to sing at gatherings at her house. The parties she and Anthony hosted became legendary as a meeting place for all manner of people involved in music, where young musicians mingled with conductors, festival directors and music critics. Sue did all the cooking for these parties herself, and her quiches, trifles and crème brûlées are still remembered. Having got to know the world of music through knowing musicians, and remaining involved in journalism, she wrote an article for Harpers & Queen on promising young musicians which led to her meeting the pianist and future conductor, Jan Latham-Koenig. Always keen to help young artists make their way, she started to assist him with fixing and PR, a role that rapidly developed into a full-time job managing an ensemble that ranged from 10 to 50 people. This involved hiring musicians, arranging every aspect of the group’s performance and rehearsal 58

schedules, and organising and often accompanying its tours (including one to Russia). On one occasion they were confronted by a harp with no strings; on another Sue had to get a group of hungover wind players at the Venice Biennale sobered up and out of bed in time to catch a train to Milan for a repeat performance. She sustained this punishing schedule for about ten years, while running two houses, two gardens and bringing up two teenagers. The contacts she made through the Koenig Ensemble led to her main career from the mid-1980s. She was invited to become the London press officer for the Maggio Musicale in Florence, and this led to more and more requests, until she was working as the UK publicist for a range of prestigious European opera companies and festivals, including Montepulciano, Pesaro, Flanders, Drottningholm, Palermo and Wexford, and workshops run by Lady Walton at her home on Ischia. She devised and produced press packs, enthused music critics and journalists, arranging every detail of their trips, brokered critical meetings at her London house and reported on promising new artists. She bridged the worlds of music and journalism and doors were open to her in both. According to the Times obituarist, ‘her advocacy opened up European venues and events to unprecedented British media coverage in the 1980s and 1990s’. She was the London press officer for the Wexford Opera Festival for 22 years, transforming its dealings with the press and music critics, and training the new permanent staff who succeeded her. The association cemented a lasting friendship with Elaine Padmore, Wexford’s artistic director to 1994; when she took up her current post as Director of Opera at the Royal Opera House in 2000, it was Sue’s Sue Graham-Dixon expertly drafted press release that Photograph by Sabine Tilly carried the news. 59

In a delightful article written for Opera magazine in 2009, Sue said that if she could come back as any character from opera she would choose Zerbinetta from Richard Strauss’s Ariadne auf Naxos: I’d be a sparky performer instead of a backstage press officer; I’d be a young girl with a risqué past instead of a sedate grandmother . . . Zerbinetta is a true professional. Fit her act into an opera seria? What of it? . . . Delay the fireworks? Madness – do we really want to upset the richest man in Vienna? . . . Others have hissy fits, Zerbinetta sorts out the practicalities: skip the boring bits in Ariadne and let commedia dell’ arte liven it up. . . . Professional, you see. I bet she’s the one who gets the dates, fixes the fees, drags Harlekin away from his latest girlfriend and sobers up Truffaldino. . . . A great girl, Zerbinetta: she’s the only one for me.

Sue worked for the Wexford festival up to the year before she died, and for the Drottningholm and Pesaro festivals to just weeks before she died. The 2010 Pesaro Opera Festival Pressbook was dedicated to her memory: ‘collega meravigliosa e indimenticabile amica’. Jane Havell (1972 English) With thanks to Anthony Graham-Dixon

Dione Clementi, 1914–2010 Dione was a direct descendant of the composer Muzio Clementi, who lived in England and died there in 1832. I made friends with her in our first term at LMH, but did not see much of her because she belonged to a group of students who had a similar background of overseas diplomatic service. Her father had been Governor of Hong Kong from 1925 to 1930, and Governor and Commander in Chief of the Straits Settlements from 1930 to 1934. She and her siblings spent much of their childhood in these places. She was proud of her father, who was a scholar and a linguist, and understood her choice of an academic career rather than a social one. At LMH she read History and formed an excellent relationship with her tutor, Miss E. M. Jamison, whom, in retirement in London, she cared for and assisted in many ways, ultimately becoming her literary executor. Dione was at that time Lecturer and Reader at Queen Mary College, London. She compared the history teaching there favourably with that at Oxford, which was not, in my opinion, fair! 60

When war broke out in 1939, Dione was engaged in social work, particularly concerned with rent problems. It was a great surprise to me when, one morning in 1941 in Hut 4 at Bletchley Park, I found her sitting by the secretary’s desk waiting to be introduced to her boss in the small section of specialists who examined captured enemy material which might be of interest to experts, not only in Bletchley but also in other intelligence departments elsewhere. Dione was ultra-secretive when I asked her what she did, even though I was a colleague and knew her (rather eccentric) boss. Security was never more secure than with her! Dione was given a billet near the Park gates with a landlady whom she liked, and she remained there until June 1944 when she took my place at the White Cottage, Simpson, where I had been living with various colleagues including Harry Hinsley and Hilary Brett-Smith (exSomerville and future wife of Harry), who became her great friend. I then left to join my husband who was serving in North Nigeria as a District Officer. We returned two years later when he had decided to change his job. After the end of the War, we kept in touch with Dione who used to visit us in our house in Kew. When we retired to Oxfordshire, she came to our Golden Wedding in company with Angèle Vidal-Hall (1935 Modern Languages). We did not see her again except occasionally at her flat in Knightsbridge, but had news of her from Hugo Hinsley, her godson, who informed me when she had to leave her flat to go into a nursing home. My last encounter with her was in Cambridge for Harry Hinsley’s memorial service. Others are better qualified than me to assess her achievements. I appreciated her qualities as a friend and was aware that under her unworldliness and slight eccentricity there lay a sweetness and a strong sense of duty and justice. Jocelyn Kerslake (Bostock 1935 Modern Languages) A note on Dione Clementi’s career In March 1941, nearly two years after graduation, Dione Clementi joined the War Office in Barnet and was transferred to the Foreign Office in Bletchley in November of that year. She remained at Bletchley until June 1945. Her CV, put together in 1963 when she applied for the Readership in Medieval History at Queen Mary College, records that 61

the Official Secrets Act still applied to this work. We now know, and especially in view of Jocelyn Kerslake’s piece above, that she was working with the Bletchley code-breakers. From 1945 to 1946 she read for a BLitt at Oxford and the subject she was pursuing was then accepted for a DPhil: ‘Politics and administration in the mainland provinces of the Sicilian kingdom from 1189 to 1198 with a calendar of the diplomas of the Emperor Henry VI concerning the Sicilian kingdom’. From 1946 to 1948 she was Librarian and Assistant Director at the British School in Rome, resigning that post in order to complete her DPhil at LMH under the supervision of Miss E. M. Jamison. In 1948 she was given by College the Susette Taylor Fellowship, awarded to ‘a woman scholar of distinction, the needs of whose research takes her abroad’, and travelled in Italy and Germany to complete her DPhil thesis. In 1951, Dione Clementi was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Medieval History at Manchester University, and became Lecturer in 1954. In 1955 she moved to Queen Mary College, University of London, again as Lecturer in Medieval History. In 1963 she was awarded the Readership there. She published widely in academic journals on the Norman kingdom of Sicily and on the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. In 1992 she co-edited an edition of Evelyn Jamison’s work, Studies in the History of Medieval Sicily and South Italy. It includes work that Miss Jamison left unfinished at her death (aged 95) and which Dione Clementi salvaged from among her papers. Of interest may be these extracts from the account Dione Clementi gave to College of the research work she carried out in her first year as Susette Taylor Fellow, since they illustrate some of the difficulties facing a scholar in Europe immediately after the war and during a period of exchange control. I took up my Fellowship with great pleasure, in Rome on the 1st of September 1948. During the preceding summer I had been negotiating with the American authorities in Germany for permission to visit Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), which society had evacuated its library

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and records, at an early stage in the war, to a lonely country district in territory subsequently allotted to the American Zone of Germany. . . . Towards the middle of September, as a result of the strenuous exertions of the American authority in Rome, I obtained an American permit and a visa for Austria with fixed time limits. At this point the FO, which had given as a ruling in May that I might have currency, to a maximum sum of £90, once possessed of an American permit, decided on a second examination of my reasons for wishing to go to Germany. Since it seemed highly probably that the American permit would expire before the FO had completed this operation, I should have been very much at a loss but for MGH’s prompt decision to pay my expenses in exchange for books to be subsequently purchased in England. By this means and because of the helpfulness of the American authority in Rome, I was among the first few to visit Germany as private individuals drawing German rations and using German transport and housing facilities . . . after a complicated cross country journey with 3 changes, towards nightfall, I reached, successfully, the small village of Pommersfelden in Franconia, near Bamberg, where MGH kindly quartered me in a peasant’s cottage and allowed me to work in the hut which contained their very fine library. . . . since we were within sight of the Russian border and since international relations were at the time, early October, very strained I thought it wise to be as expeditious as possible . . . since a visit to Pommersfelden is of great value to the teaching staff of German universities, because of the potatoes there available and elsewhere not easily obtainable, I was particularly anxious not to strain unnecessarily the hospitality which had been so freely offered to me.

Senior Members may be familiar with the four inscribed Chinese scrolls that hang in the entrance to the Talbot building. These date from 1930 and are farewell tributes to the departing Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Cecil Clementi, the father of Dione and her sister Alwin (1941 English). The donor of the scrolls was presumably his widow Marjory, after his death in 1947. The Gifts Book records that they were given ‘to be hung in Talbot Entrance Hall’. Alison Gomm (1974 English)

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Shelagh Heffernan, 1955–2010 Shelagh Heffernan was a distinguished academic expert on banks and banking, a brilliant teacher of economics and an influential author on her specialist subjects. Her first book, Sovereign Risk Analysis, published in 1986, was widely consulted during the recent global banking crisis. Her influence and the scope of her research were not confined to Europe or her native Canada. Her book Modern Banking (2004) was translated into Mandarin and Farsi among other languages. Although it contained a mountain of information, it remained analytical and lucid­ly presented. Heffernan examined the work—good and bad—of banks around the world and how and why they are constrained by regulation. Her success was all the more remarkable because she coped with serious neurological illness for many years, continuing to write and teach in the face of great adversity. Numerous testimonials from former students were a tribute to her impact and effectiveness as a teacher at the Cass Business School at City University, London. Shelagh Heffernan was born in Edmonton, Alberta in 1955, the fifth of eight children in a family with academic leanings. Her father, Gerald Heffernan, was the founder of a steel company, and the family moved to Whitby, Ontario, in 1964 when he began to run the steel mill there. She boarded at Bishop Strachan School, Toronto, where a talent for swimming emerged alongside her obvious academic attributes. Throughout her life swimming, especially in the lakes of her homeland, remained one of her passions. At university she studied economics, first at the University of Toronto’s Trinity College and then at Oxford where she studied on Mackenzie King and Commonwealth scholarships between 1978 and 1981. She gained her MPhil and DPhil in economics—and contributed three degrees to the almost 20 earned by her siblings. It was during these years that she developed her interest in banking with summer jobs with the Toronto Dominion Bank and the Bank of Canada. At Oxford she attended lectures by the future Nobel prize-winners James Mirrlees, Amartya San and Joseph Stiglitz and met the economist Peter Sinclair, who was to become her husband. The couple spent a year in Canada, teaching in the economics department at the University of British Columbia, before returning to Britain in 1982 where Heffernan took up a post at Cass. 64

She gained rapid promotion, through to a professorship in her early forties and for 15 years directed the banking and international finance undergraduate course, which came to enjoy worldwide renown, in part because of her indefatigable efforts to raise teaching standards. She published more than 30 research papers, some written alone and others with a variety of co-authors who included Maggie Fu, Ana-Maria Fuertes and Elena Kalotychou. The chief topics of her researches was banks. She examined how they differed in efficiency, and why, as well as trying to determine what difference state ownership or demutualisation made to their behaviour. She also considered the questions of why some banks failed and how and why the interest rates they charge on loans, and pay on deposits, vary so much, across products, institutions and time. And above all, she examined the question that became a burning issue for proponents and opponents of monetary policy: how to identify and explain the changing speed and character of banks’ various retail rate reactions to policy changes by a central bank. Her detailed answers to these fundamental questions became familiar to bankers, policymakers and academics. Professor Paul Mizen, a former Bank of England economist, described her research as ‘path breaking’. She believed that two principal factors in some banks had contributed to the credit crisis: first, that their boards tended to marginalise their risk management experts, and second, that a herd instinct led them to follow each other into unwise investments. After the success of her first book, there were others: Modern International Economics (1990) with her husband, which studied the complex world in which banks now operate, in particular trade, financial flows and exchange rates, and later two celebrated books on banking, Modern Banking in Theory and Practice (1996) and Modern Banking (2005). Heffernan saw research, writing and teaching as complementary, and it is as a teacher that she will, perhaps, be best remembered. Despite her slight stature, her strong voice commanded the lecture rooms. She was rigorous in pursuit of punctuality, and latecomers were locked out. A ringing mobile phone could result in instant banishment. Heffernan’s own outstanding teaching quality was celebrated with many Cass and City University awards for teaching excellence. She had spells as visiting professor at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, and York University, Toronto, and in her last years she was assoc­iate dean for teaching and learning at Cass. As such she carried her fight for ‘even better teaching’ to some 190 instructors right across Cass. 65

Using student evaluations, she constructed rankings for each instructor’s teaching quality. In Britain, she believed, these were all too rare. In turn her colleagues were quick to acknowledge her qualities. There were tributes from, among others, Sir James Mirrlees, the economist Charles Goodhart, and Max Corden, Australia’s leading economist, who drew attention to Heffernan’s productivity—especially because over the years she was obliged by her illness to employ a crutch, a stiff neck collar and a mobility scooter. Heffernan is survived by her husband, the economist Peter Sinclair. This obituary was first published in The Times on 24 January 2011 and is reprinted here with permission. Shelagh’s husband, Peter Sinclair, adds: Shelagh came to LMH in 1978 to study for the two-year MPhil and then the DPhil in Economics. The focus of her life tended to be outside the college; the people who knew her best were postgraduates scattered across many colleges. In LMH she had a close relationship with the economics tutor, the late Margaret Paul, who was very kind to Shelagh. I remember vividly her delight in the gardens of LMH, walking by the Cherwell, and the beautiful college buildings, which she really enjoyed very much. She worked in the LMH library, but sometimes found it so cold that she wrapped herself in a sleeping bag!

Brenda Elizabeth Loy (Walker), 1929–2010 In the notoriously cold spring of 1947 I arrived from Northern Ireland for admissions interviews at an LMH with its lawns and gardens flooded by the waters of the swollen Cherwell. As I stood in Deneke Common Room, feeling distinctly overwhelmed, I looked around the other candidates and saw a striking girl with dark wavy hair and lively eyes, obviously completely at ease and chatting away happily. That was my earliest impression of Brenda Walker, who as a boarder at Christ’s Hospital had acquired a natural poise of confidence and friendliness. She was a ready talker and sympathetic listener, gifts that made her very good company in the years that were to follow. To my delight, when we came up as freshers in October, I found that Brenda and I both had rooms in Old Hall. The lack of central heating 66

and ration of one bucket of coal a week in those post-war years meant that it was usual to offer hospitality and a cup of the (also rationed) National Milk Cocoa whenever we had enough fuel to light a fire in the evening, and friendships were quickly formed. I soon came to realise the breadth of Brenda’s interests as well as her infectious enthusiasm, as she introduced me in quick succession to theatre, opera and choral music. She was an accomplished organist and whenever I hear Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, I am transported back to LMH chapel, with Brenda playing for evensong. During the summer of 1949, Brenda signed up to do some vac work at Harrods, and there she met David Loy, who was studying Law at Cambridge. They were married in 1954, and moved to Leeds when David began to practise in the Northern Circuit, becoming a stipendiary magistrate and later Recorder. After taking her maths degree, Brenda had gone to work in market research with Proctor and Gamble and she stayed with them until she left the firm in 1957 to bring up her family of three daughters. Her affection for Oxford and especially for LMH meant that for many years she and David were the Yorkshire representatives of the Oxford Society, offering the warm hospitality of their Leeds home to visiting speakers and college Principals, including Sir Brian Fall when he was in Yorkshire at a gathering of LMH past students. When her family had grown up, Brenda turned to teaching and for the next 13 years taught maths at Leeds comprehensive schools until her retirement in 1988, after which she continued to put her organisational skills and enthusiasm to good use in voluntary work for youth Brenda Loy and Veronica Palmer 67

and education. Unlike many, she positively enjoyed going to committee meetings. Over the years she served as Chair of Governors of Moorlands Boys’ School, as treasurer both of the Leeds Market Place Youth Project and of the Yorkshire Ladies, a charitable group which runs a valuable programme of awarding grants to women seeking to enter further education. Her personal interests were wide, ranging from her love of travel (which took her over the years to 31 countries), through opera and theatre to football, she and David being keen supporters of Leeds United with season tickets at Elland Road. Some years ago she started going to Italian classes and was still doing so with equal enthusiasm in her eighties, before her final short illness. At LMH we were a close group of half a dozen or so friends and we kept in touch after we went down. But it was not until the 1978 centenary celebrations brought us all back to college together that we began to meet regularly at the summer garden party. Brenda had a great gift for friendship as well as for organisation, and it was she who ensured that as many as possible of us would get together each year. Here she was assisted by the closest of her friends, Eunice French (Hainey), whom I also met on that cold afternoon in Deneke 63 years ago. With Eunice’s encouragement, Brenda began to arrange a small informal dinner every year on the eve of the garden party, first at the Randolph and later at the Bear in Woodstock, a high point in the calendar for all of us who attended. I am glad that my last memory of Brenda was of her enjoying the strawberries and cream in the marquee last June, happy once again to be at LMH among her friends. She will be deeply missed by all who loved her for her indomitable spirit and vivacity. Eileen Jones (Greep 1947 Modern Languages) I first met Brenda at the Centenary Gaudy in 1978, when I was in my first year with a room on the ground floor of Wolfson West. All the resident undergraduates were supposed to move out, to leave space for the alumnae coming up for the Gaudy, but, as my mother was one of those attending, I was allowed to remain, on the assumption that she shared my room (or I suppose I shared hers). There were about six of my mother’s friends attending and they all gathered in Brenda’s room before dinner. I was very confused when she produced an egg box from

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her luggage but that rapidly turned to amazement when I found it contained six small sherry glasses. Of course she also had a bottle of sherry to go with them. I vividly remember thinking, this woman is amazing! Carolyn Carr (Jones 1977 Chemistry)

Tamsin Heycock (née Trefusis), 1942–2010 Tamsin Trefusis and I went up to read English in 1960 and were tutorial partners throughout our time at LMH, our friendship ending only with her death in May 2010. She was the ideal tutorial partner, intellectually stimulating but not intimidating. I so much enjoyed her Celtic delight in the quirky, the supernatural, the witty, which enriched my rather more language-based readings and has influenced me ever since. She was a wonderful friend, equable and unflappable. Her support was unquestioningly given, and she was always ready to listen, to analyse, and to suggest a practical solution to a problem, whether concerning an essay crisis or a young man. Any inflated notions, though, were punctured with speed and humour. I will never forget her characteristic deep chuckle . . . She was above all her own person, who could not be bothered with fashionable notions of who or what was important. She was quietly proud of her distinguished Cornish background, though she never flaunted it, and she had no time for cliques or snobbery, but made friends among people of all colours and walks of life who shared her interests and outlook. She played the cello, she attended Chapel daily (and Pusey House or even St Mary Mag’s on Sundays), and she was a member of the Sailing Club; but perhaps her greatest pleasure was country dancing, and it was at the Cecil Sharp Club that she met her future husband, Philip Heycock. After LMH she taught on the Caribbean island of Grenada before returning to Britain to obtain a PGCE and then to teach in London. In 1970 she and Philip married and settled in Islington, where their son Tom and their daughters Eleanor and Sarah were born. Tragically, both the girls proved to have severe learning difficulties, with major repercussions on Tamsin’s life. She and Philip provided 24-

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hour care for their daughters, and brought them up to lead lives that were as normal and socially integrated as possible. Eleanor lived at home until she was 12, Sarah until the age of 18. Tamsin never complained or resented the demands made on her, but surmounted the problems and accepted the situation with amazing stoicism. Meanwhile she and Phil fought Tamsin Heycock with her young grandson, long battles for local-authority Orlando support to enable their daughters to attend appropriate schools and then move to carefully chosen residential care elsewhere in the country. Tamsin always looked outwards, despite the difficulties in her life, and became heavily involved in Islington Mencap (now Centre 404), where her voluntary work included dealing with the local council, developing support projects for people with learning difficulties who had been returned from long-stay hospitals to ‘care in the community’, and above all campaigning on behalf of parents of children with learning difficulties. She was a talented gardener, her lovely garden being a source of strength to her, and for years she organised very successful annual plant sales in aid of Centre 404, raising many of the plants herself. Her deeply contented marriage sustained her throughout, as did her Christian faith, which she demonstrated in practical ways, whether through her charitable work or – for example – her socially eclectic Sunday suppers, famous in her neighbourhood, where she is deeply missed. She was a remarkable person and a warm and loyal friend to very many people. But her family should have the last word. At her funeral she was described as ‘a fearless, fun-loving, imaginative, dance-, song- and verseloving, chattering, confident culinary wizard and bookworm. Tamsin remained true to herself. She was totally without vanity, a true friend, big-hearted and a beloved big sister.’ Monica Thorp (Pearson 1960 English) 70

Richard ‘Rick’ Steele, 1965–2009 Richard Steele died in the summer of 2009 after a long illness. Richard came up to LMH in 1984 from Downside School to read Ancient and Modern History. Rick was quietly rebellious – epitomised by the defiant wearing of red socks in the matriculation photograph – and always respected for his strongly held convictions and values. As a student, the combination of Ancient and Modern History suited Rick’s skills perfectly. He regularly regaled fellow students and his tutors with an explanation of how all history should be read through the prism of the initial five centuries of the first millennium. He was always very clear that he wasn’t a historian, but an ancient historian. He was also someone who thought deeply, something that could be both a gift and a curse. Those who found their way to his smoke-filled little room in Deneke would be subtly reminded that there were more important matters than college bops or formal dinners and would see in him a quiet determination to use his life beyond Oxford to make the world a better place. In his second year, Rick opted out of college accommodation and rented a house in Leckford Road with fellow undergraduates from LMH and St Peter’s. This was undoubtedly the happiest of his three years at Oxford. He had never found college life easy and he relished the relative independence that living out offered. His housemates became life-long friends. They have fond memories of Rick, often in the Gardeners’ Arms on North Parade, with a pint in one hand and a cigarette in the other, expounding on the failings of the Thatcher government or pondering Cambridge United’s chances of escaping relegation. After university Rick worked in hostels for those with alcohol dependency. He spent his whole working life in the arduous and decidedly unglamorous world of social care, mainly in residential hostels for those suffering from depression or homelessness. He combined continued study with his work, achieving a Certificate in Therapeutic Practice from the RCN, an MSc in Social Work at Royal Holloway, an Approved Social Worker qualification, and finally an MA in Philosophy and Ethics of Mental Health from the University of Warwick. Throughout this time, he was a regular at many New Year events with LMH friends, often hosting ‘Rick’s Bar’ or leading an extensive hike to the nearest country pub. In the late 1990s Rick moved to Northampton to work in mental health services, where he acted as a true advocate for people with serious mental illness. He settled down there with Sarah Willis, whom he had 71

known for several years, and who was now an academic at Nene College in Northampton. Together, they discovered a shared passion for nurturing their small garden. Sadly, in 2001, Rick suffered serious head injuries as a result of an accident. Over the next eight years, he received a range of care, which often resulted in positive progress being blighted by the acquisition of infections, in Cambridge, Ely and finally the Royal Hospital for Neurodisability in Putney where he remained mentally alert but only occasionally able to communicate with small gestures – a desperately frustrating experience for someone with so much to give. His parents and Sarah remained at his side on a daily basis, despite the difficult journeys this involved, and friends from LMH continued to visit. In 2009 Rick died suddenly. He is buried in Wimbledon and his friends from LMH gathered quietly in the summer of 2009 in the gardens of LMH, and over a pint in the Gardeners’ Arms, to share their memories and celebrate his too short life. Claire Dwyer, Dominic Singleton, Richard Cairns, Joe Chandler, Sarah Hudson (née Naylor), Ruth Aldred (née Chatterton), Giovanna Amodeo, Alice Fowler (all LMH 1984) and Paul Farmer and Peter Jackson (St Peter’s 1984)

Fiona Elizabeth Wood, 1966–2010 Fiona came up to LMH to read Theology in 1985 from King Edward VIth Sixth Form College in Stourbridge. My friendship with her started in 0th week, when we met, both Freshers, feeling rather out of our depth in a completely new environment. From the beginning I recognised two real qualities in Fiona, which were demonstrated time and time again. The first was her loyalty and commitment to family and friends and the second was her dedication to her work and other causes that she felt were important. At LMH Fiona proved herself to be a real scholar, giving maximum effort and energy to her academic studies. She impressed us all with her long hours of concentrated work in the library and her beautifully handwritten essays. Her Distinction in the First Public Examination and subsequent election to a Scholarship were very well deserved. After graduation, Fiona stepped out of the quiet libraries of Oxford and did a PGCE course at Westminster College. She then taught re72

ligious studies first at Crestwood, Brierley Hill, then at the Kingswinford School and most recently at Halesowen College. Once again Fiona was completely committed to her work. Her skills, not only at teaching but also at relating to, and encouraging young people, were rapidly recognised. She increasingly took on roles in mentoring, inspiring and supervising others. Despite the heavy demands of teaching, Fiona kept alive the desire for further study of her own. She Fiona Wood was a Fellow of the Farmington Institute, spending a term in Oxford at Manchester College and giving a seminar entitled ‘To Worship or not to Worship’. She also did a Masters in Education at Birmingham University. Although Fiona dedicated herself to her work, she also revelled in spending time with family and close friends. At College, summer evenings were frequently spent punting or playing tennis in the LMH gardens and at weekends Fiona would often go back home to see her family. Fiona had a great loyalty to LMH and was very pleased to have an opportunity to serve the college community as a Chapel Clerk while she was an undergraduate. After graduation Fiona enjoyed coming back to visit LMH, often bringing her family, too. Fiona was a keen letter writer and friends like me received regular updates of her news, all written in Fiona’s exquisite handwriting. Over the last few years Fiona fought heroically with her illness. Typically, she was far more interested in family and friends than in dwelling on her health problems. Fiona died on 17 July 2010. Right up to the end we were still in touch by letter, discussing whether we might be able to visit LMH in the autumn, 25 years after we first arrived as Freshers. Lorna Smith (1985 Chemistry) 73

Gwyneth Mary Dance (née Marston), 1933–2010 Mary Marston was born on 31 October 1933. Her mother was Welsh and she came from a Non-conformist background. As an only child, she enjoyed a very close relationship with her parents throughout her life. Mary attended the Perse School in Cambridge and later moved to the Ursuline Convent in Brentwood which, unlike the Perse School at the time, offered A level Latin. In her late teens, when her father became the County Inspector of Education for Surrey, she came to live in Wimbledon, my own home area. Through his work, Mary’s father became well acquainted with the headmistress of my school and it was she who introduced me to Mary. Mary and I came up to LMH together in 1951. She had wanted to read history, but was persuaded to accept a place to read PPE. Mary had no particular interest in sport as such, although her childhood had included some horse-riding, but at LMH we both developed a love of the river and of rowing. We both rowed in the 1953 Women’s University Boat Race, in Cambridge, when Cambridge was beaten by 16 lengths! After graduation, she did a teaching diploma at the Oxford Department for Educational Studies. Since I had stayed up to do a BLitt, we shared some rather chaotic digs in Kingston Road for a year. Mary taught for a number of years before becoming a headmistress – first of Aldershot Manor School (1967–74), then of St John’s School in Marlborough (1974–81) and finally, in 1981, of Harrogate Grammar School, where she stayed until her retirement. A devout Christian all her life, Mary moved from her Non-conformist background to Anglicanism during her time at Oxford, largely because she found more spiritual support in the Church of England liturgy. Later, in Harrogate, she played a major role in the affairs of her Anglican parish. She also served a number of terms as a magistrate in Harrogate. Later in life she married a widower somewhat older than herself and enjoyed some 13 years of real married happiness. After her husband’s death she again took up study and was engaged on a distance-learning degree in Church History at the time of her death. Mary loved Yorkshire and knew the country well. One of the great pleasures in life for her many friends was to be driven by Mary to historic sites, hidden beauty spots and interesting local events. She also loved dogs and was never without at least one, and sometimes as many as three. Given the chance, they would sleep on her bed. Mary enjoyed travel with her friends and, especially, her husband and visited various 74

parts of the world, ranging from the Orkneys to the Nile. She had a gift for friendship and retained a wide circle of friends from quite varied milieux. In 2001 when it seemed that I would be unable to make my usual visit to her, Mary phoned me desperately, insisting that we meet at least for a meal. When I questioned the urgency, she pointed out that this would be the golden jubilee of our first meeting, since which time we had managed to meet every year despite the very different paths our lives and careers had taken. Cecilia Boulding (Sister Mary Cecily, OP) (1951 History)

Emily White, OBE, 1925–2010 In 2008 Emily White, who died on 31 January 2010 aged 84, published a memoir of her father and of her own life entitled Father and Daughter. Two Middle-class Lives. It stemmed from classes in local and family history which were among the many interests she pursued in her retirement from a busy career in social services. Her father, Stan White, was a successful businessman who built a large house, ‘The Dean’, between Prestbury and Macclesfield, and gave his only child a very comfortable and, she realised, privileged childhood. Stan took seriously the duties to the community that he felt were appropriate for a man of his standing and instilled a sense of service in his daughter, too. In her memoir Emily shows how the events of the twentieth century shaped her own life as well as that of her father. From Manchester High School for Girls she came up to LMH in 1942 to read PPE, matriculating when she was only 17. In an article in the 2009 Brown Book she described what it was like to be in College during the war years, when food, bathwater and coal were rationed and all undergraduates were expected to undertake some war work, such as gardening or cleaning. Graduating just as the Second World War was ending, Emily had the choice of joining the forces or engaging in a ‘directed’ occupation. The choice was limited and included teaching, the civil service and social work. Wishing to do work that involved contact with people, Emily chose housing management and this was the starting point for a career in social services that took her to London and then back to her home area, Manchester and Chester. Later she moved from housing into the area of voluntary social services, working in increasingly responsible 75

Emily White (centre)

roles to promote and coordinate aspects of community work. An OBE for her work with the Manchester Council for Voluntary Service was awarded in 1976. Retiring in 1982, Emily made the most of her time to travel, pursue further education, nurture old friendships and create new ones, and, above all, to play her part in her local community. She set up Age Concern Cheshire, eventually becoming President. In fact, on 19 January 2010, just days before her death, she was pictured in the Knutsford Guardian, looking typically indomitable and ready to stride out with a ‘Walking for Health Group’ organised by the charity. Emily was a good and loyal friend, keeping in touch throughout her life with a number of LMH contemporaries, including Isabel Lusk (Forrester-Paton), Sheila Fletcher (Lerpinière), Margaret Wickstead (Goodrich) and Anne Jacques (Lowe). For Margaret and Anne she wrote sensitive obituaries for The Brown Book. In 2009, when The Brown Book published her article on LMH during the Second World War, a review of her own book, and her obituary for Margaret Wickstead, Emily remarked to me how pleased she was by the renewed link with College that these contributions created for her. Alison Gomm (1974 English) 76

Barbara Rees, 1934–2010 When I met my future mother-in-law Barbara 13 years ago, I felt that I had met a liberated woman for the first time. Her grey eyes always seemed to be looking deep inside to see what was beneath the surface – a terrifying prospect for a new boyfriend. Barbara, who has died aged 76, was the youngest of three sisters, born in Worcester to lower-middle-class Welsh parents. The early death of their mother was perhaps the cause of the sadness she always fought hard to escape. But she was also determined to get her share of the good things in life. She always knew she wanted to be a writer. The family didn’t have the money to pay the fees, but Barbara won a scholarship to study English literature at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. When she graduated with a master’s degree, she was the only one of her contemporaries who wasn’t planning marriage. Instead, she travelled to Paris and Rome and worked as a secretary for the UN. She never fell out of love with Italy, and cooked a mean spaghetti carbonara, which she introduced to me soon after I met her daughter, Melissa. In Rome, she met Larry Herman at a party, an American studying sculpture. Several months later she went to live with him in New York, continuing to work for the UN. In 1968 the Vietnam war and a baby on the way drove Barbara and Larry to come to London, where they settled in Kentish Town. Larry became a photographer, and Barbara finally began to write in earnest. Between 1969 and 1978 she published six novels, including Diminishing Circles and Harriet Dark. She was described at the time as a ‘young writer of extraordinary gifts’. Barbara and Larry separated at the end of the 1970s and she gave up writing in favour of a regular salary. She started at the International Planned Parenthood Federation as a temp, and worked her way up to managing donor relations. She attended the 1985 Women’s Conference in Beijing. But what made her happiest was travelling in her spare time. She visited the Skyros Holistic Retreat Centre in Greece regularly for years and often visited Dubrovnik, in Croatia, before the war in the Balkans destroyed much of it. When she retired, she went back to writing and in 2000 published Oscar’s Tale. She became a keen granny and delighted in passing on her love of words and of Hampstead Heath to my son and daughter, Daniel and Noa. She died suddenly, on the way to her local library. 77

Barbara is survived by Melissa, Dani and Noa, her sisters, Daphne and Jean, and me. Pablo Conde This obituary was published in the The Guardian on 19 April 2010 and we acknowledge permision to reprint it here. © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2010.

Mollie Holman, 1930–201 Professor Mollie Holman was one of Australia’s most eminent physiologists, known internationally for her pioneering work in neurophysiology. Having received a BSc and an MSc from the University of Melbourne, she came to LMH in 1955 as a DPhil student, working with the pharmacologist Edith Buelbring on the physiology of smooth muscle. She then returned to her native Australia to take up a lectureship in physiology at the University of Melbourne. In 1963 Mollie moved to the Department of Physiology at Monash University. Initially appointed as a senior lecturer, she became a reader in 1965 and professor in 1970. In 1970, she was elected to the Australian Academy of Science. She retired in 1996. The following year she was appointed emeritus professor, and in 1998 was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for her contribution to scientific research, education and university administration. During her retirement she remained actively engaged in teaching and research.

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Book Reviews Before Eminent Domain: Toward a History of Expropriation of Land for the Common Good, by Susan Reynolds. University of North Carolina Press at Chapel Hill, 2010, £35.50 For her latest book, Susan Reynolds tackles the concept of Eminent Domain, an American term explained by the sub-title, ‘Expropriation of Land for the Common Good’. Historians have mainly examined expropriation for the post-1800 period; those who have looked at earlier times have seen its origins in the twelfth century with the rise of the communes and the recovery of Roman law, or in the seventeenth century in the writings of Grotius. Susan Reynolds considers that the whole question is more complex, and she has made a considerable contribution to historical thought by investigating the situation in Western Europe and the English colonies in North America down to 1800. She hopes that her work will encourage future research. The fundamental question concerns the reconciliation of the individual’s rights to property with community needs, and the taking of property, with compensation, for the common good, that is for public use. Susan Reynolds argues that expropriation with compensation was widespread, her earliest suggestive example dating from the sixth century BC. It is plausible that for Rome expropriation was accepted by the second century BC when public works were first recorded. Evidence is slight for the early Middle Ages, but possibly this is because expropriation was taken for granted. Evidence increased in the twelfth century with better record-keeping and more public works; expropriation was probably justified by earlier custom rather than by the recovered Roman law. The best evidence comes from England and Italy. Expropriation with compensation is well documented for England, and from the sixteenth century was increasingly seen as a matter for the central sovereign authority. For Italy, emphasis is put on the amount of town planning by the communes; the common good was taken for granted and compensation was assessed by neighbours or the commune’s assessors. France and Spain have clear evidence of expropriation for the common good from the later twelfth century, and central government initiative became more usual in the early modern period. German developments were similar, and practice in the English colonies followed the English pattern. 79

How was expropriation justified? Before the seventeenth century, Susan Reynolds sees the concept as largely taken for granted, with little analysis of the relationship between property rights and collective rights. With Grotius, however, the traditional norms of expropriation formed an essential part of his argument about the origin of property and the formation of civil society. In conclusion, she considers that, although individuals mattered in the Middle Ages, belonging to a community, whether at local, regional or national level, mattered more, as providing ethnic and legal identity. Property was regulated by the community, and the collective nature of society makes it easier to understand expropriation for the common good. The growing focus on individual rights from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries down to the present day has had enormous political implications – but expropriation for the common good with compensation is still with us. Jennifer Ward (1956 History) Developments in American Politics 6 edited by Gillian Peele, Christopher J. Bailey, Bruce Cain, and B. Guy Peters. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, £23.99 It was Richard Hillary, the Battle of Britain pilot, who called his Oxford degree ‘an organised waste of time’. It was a view I shared since, on the afternoon of my last exam in economics, I took my textbooks to be sold in the second-hand shop in central Oxford, only to have them refused because they were ‘out of date’. Is there any other subject which is out of date two hours after you finish finals? I reversed this view many years later when, as ITN’s Senior Political Correspondent, I stood in the cloying heat of a Washington DC summer on the roof of a building overlooking Congress as the Lewinsky affair and details of the infamous dress unfolded. The newscaster in London decided to use his initiative (always dangerous) and ask an unscripted question: would President Clinton be impeached? At that moment, as the question hurtled live towards me, I wished I had paid closer attention to Gillian Peele’s American Politics course. My answer, though, did come straight from the remnants I could remember, and very grateful I was for them: no, it was unlikely that he would be impeached, although it might be technically possible. 80

To help me, and anyone else interested in what happens on the other side of the Atlantic, Gillian Peele and others have now edited the sixth edition of Developments in American Politics. It is a concise and readable set of essays that gets behind the noise of day-to-day events and looks at the slower shifts in the tectonic plates of the American political system. It has the enormous advantage of being published at a time that enables its authors to look back at the extraordinary and often depressing Bush years, and also to give a flavour of how Barack Obama is laying his own stamp on the office of President and the US political system, although, as the editors rightly point out in the preface: ‘The country Obama now has to lead, its institutions, and its politics as well as its public policies have all been shaped by the events that occurred and the decisions taken over George Bush’s two terms in the White House.’ As a set of essays it also goes some way to answering the question that has increasingly been posed, especially from outside the US: 250 years after it was created, is the American Constitution still fit for purpose? This question became all the more urgent as it became clear that the world’s primary power was incapable of responding appropriately to the banking crisis, and as its system of checks and balances struggled to cope with a President who set up an extra-judicial detention camp in Guantanamo and legitimised the use of torture. Gillian Peele tackles this well in her own chapter, ‘A New Political Agenda?’. She reminds us that the architecture of the American constitution means that the process of government is one of ‘slow negotiation rather than swift decision making’. She traces the impact this has in limiting the ability for comprehensive reform, but also constraining the potential threat to minority interests, and goes on to say: ‘it remains to be seen whether the style of government that results remains as able to satisfy the American public in the twenty-first century as it did in earlier periods.’ Others look in much more detail at the three branches of American government, the President, Congress and the Supreme Court, and consider how they are changing in the face of the stresses modern America is imposing on the old system. In particular, this edition looks at the development of the new partisanship, the decline of traditional media and the rise of new media, including the shock jocks. These are the biggest changes in the way we get our news and how we hear about politics that have happened since TV and radio were invented. They also herald the arrival of substantial new tools for politicians to use in communicating directly with the electorate unmediated by reporters. The implications 81

for campaigning and the quality and independence of reporting on politics are profound, although it is too early to say what it will mean in the long run. These are global influences, but seen at their most extreme in the sometimes wild pluralism of the US. In addition, some of the chapters touch on the profound changes that recent mass migration to America is beginning to make, especially the muscle and growing organising power of the Hispanic minority, and there is deservedly an entire chapter on environmental policy with a discussion of climate change. Throughout this useful book there is a sense that Obama represents the swing of the pendulum back to a centre-of-the-road presidential style, much more in the mould of what the Founding Fathers intended, but it also gives the sense that the system as a whole still has some serious questions to answer about what happened during the Bush years. As ever with American constitutional politics, the answers will probably be many years in the coming. The service this book does is to start to mark out the path that is being taken. Jo Andrews (1974 PPE) Napoleon’s Other War: Bandits, Rebels and their Pursuers in the Age of Revolutions, by Michael Broers. Oxford, Peter Lang Ltd, 2010, £25 As a Corsican, Napoleon knew something about banditry, freedom fighters, brigands – the topic of this splendid book. His own family had supported the activities of such a group, then were run out of the country by one bandit, having been forewarned by another. The latter was remembered with a huge legacy in Napoleon’s will. Michael Broers has a nice way of tying up stories. When he came to power in 1799, therefore, Napoleon had an acute understanding of the lawlessness which was engulfing France and much of Europe because of the revolutionary wars and recognised that his own rule would remain fragile if such lawlessness could not be quelled. This was Napoleon’s ‘Other War’. Of course banditry has always existed, sometimes preying on peasant communities, sometimes drawing its support from resistance to outside interference. This is what happened on a grand scale after the French Revolution. The state became invasive as never before, tearing down old structures, abolishing old-style religion and, worst of all, bringing in conscription to supply its lengthy and all-devouring wars. Always un82

popular in labour-intensive peasant economies, this ‘blood tax’ swelled the numbers of bandits with draft-dodgers and provided a wider communal support base in the families and communities left behind. There is little of the ‘social bandit’ of Eric Hobsbawm’s classic study in Broers’s anti-heroes. And while he frequently pays homage to the great man’s real insightfulness, he does not find much of the romantic ideological bandit in those he studies. Indeed, while some may have had heart-wrenching reasons for becoming bandits, most were bloodthirsty thugs, like one of the most successful, Ali Pasha in the Balkans, whose path was traced through fresh graves and hanging bodies, or like Charette of the Vendée, who, ominously, ‘took no prisoners’. Yet some of these thugs did become local legends and there is a very good discussion here of the reasons why: admiration for the dare-devil, his courage, his generosity (even if based on the plunder of others, for the worldturned-upside-down held endless possibilities of revenge and come-uppance for former oppressors). Napoleon’s success – at least where he could establish control – came from the old adage ‘set a thief to catch a thief ’. This was his Gendarmerie, characters as colourful, and just as often as violent and ‘free wheeling’, as the bandits they were detailed to fight. These were ex-soldiers, garrisoned right at the heart of the banditry, acquiring local knowledge and beating the bandits and brigands at their own game. Where they succeeded – in France itself, in the Rhineland, Belgium, Piedmont and the Kingdom of Italy – banditry was defeated. Where they did not, it continued to cause as much trouble as the real war. In the Balkans, Calabria and most of all in Spain, the success of the ‘other war’ allowed Napoleon’s enemies to gain hold and eventually defeat him. However, don’t be misled by the myth of the Spanish guerrilla, Broers warns, for the sheer lawlessness there may actually have delayed the eventual defeat of Napoleon – a lawlessness which extended into Spanish America, ‘a hemisphere of brigandage’. The geographical scale of this book is truly impressive and in all these countries there is a real sense of deep local knowledge by the author, not least of the inaccessible and hostile landscape which made the brigands, bandits and guerrillas so apparently invincible. Indeed, if I have one complaint about this otherwise impressive book it is the very basic nature of its maps, when topography is such a strong part of the book (and they would have been better located in their relevant chapters). But that would not have been the author’s fault and, apart from this, I found it a wonderfully readable and scholarly work, impressive in its clarity, its 83

breadth and its understanding of human motivation. Like his old tutor Richard Cobb, to whom he pays homage, Michael Broers can certainly tell a good story. Marianne Elliott (Burns 1971) A World on Fire: An Epic History of Two Nations Divided by Amanda Foreman. London, Allen Lane, 2010, £30 The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was the political spark which ignited the fuse of America’s tragic civil war. That war created a legacy of division and mistrust which lasted long into the twentieth century and created a distinctive set of political allegiances and attitudes on both sides of the Mason–Dixon line. The outbreak of the war presented enormous difficulties for the United Kingdom as well as for the United States, as different factions within Great Britain took sides and as the government struggled to maintain neutrality between the belligerents. That neutrality was misunderstood by both protagonists and hard to keep because of a complex range of ties shaping British and American attitudes towards each other. Two factors in particular inside the United Kingdom complicated the handling of the issue from the beginning. The first was the question of slavery, where British public opinion was overwhelmingly hostile to the south’s peculiar institution. The second was cotton – the product on which the livelihood of so much of Britain depended. With the war the supply of cotton from southern ports was interrupted at a terrible cost to the workers of Lancashire. But in addition, as Amanda Foreman shows in her beautifully written and controlled narrative, there were a host of personal, political and cultural differences separating the two countries. Above all, there was in the United States a latent Anglophobia which could be whipped up by political leaders if it served their cause. Negotiating these differences was the task of the diplomatic missions of the two countries, and one powerful strand in the book is the careful depiction of the perspective from the British legation in Washington where Lord Lyons was Ambassador, and the US legation in London where Charles Francis Adams was minister. Not only does the author trace the edgy ebb and flow of communications between the two nations (America was the ‘Castle Dangerous’ of British Diplomacy), but she captures nicely the contrasts of social mores in the two capitals and 84

the impact of personality on affairs of state. Adams, for example, had no liking at all for small talk or social life, while Lyons was reticent and far less attractive to Washington society than his predecessor Lord Napier had been. The interlinkings between the worlds of politics and diplomacy, on both sides of the Atlantic are wryly observed. They make a stark contrast with the bloody chaos of the battles which are also described in detail. Indeed, one of the most impressive aspects of the book is its ability to switch between the worlds of Cambridge House, Parliament and Congress and the worlds of those soldiers, sailors and civilians engaged in the fighting. Here a wide range of sources including diplomatic papers, journals and diaries has been put to excellent effect to recreate the sentiments, feelings and fears of those caught up in the events by choice or chance. Many of these accounts are American but, as the author notes, British observers in America were often in a privileged position and able to witness events that Americans generally did not – for example, William Howard Russell’s observation of Lincoln’s first White House dinner and the Illustrated London News reporter Frank Vizetelly’s witness to the flight of Jefferson Davis after Richmond. By focusing on such records and the differences of viewpoint on the war between Britons in America and Americans in Britain, Amanda Foreman has written a book which is a delight to read and one which adds substantially to our knowledge of this most critical period of American history. Gillian Peele Fellow and Tutor in Politics Hitler’s First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War by Thomas Weber. Oxford University Press, 2010, £18.99 The rise of Hitler and the development of the Third Reich have preoccupied historians for several decades. Much of the historical research on these subjects has been of exceptionally high quality. We know an enormous amount about Hitler himself, the failures of the Weimar Republic, the electoral fortunes of the Nazi party, and the catastrophic racist ideology that fuelled pitiless persecution and an all-out bid for world domination. Until I read Thomas Weber’s impressively researched and informative new book, I thought we also knew about Hitler’s experience in the Great War of 1914–1918 and the ways in which it shaped 85

both his thinking and the political culture of Germany. This is because accounts of the Nazi regime have routinely referred to the important influence Hitler’s first war had on his thinking, and explained how it made his message and leadership attractive to his fellow combatants and others like them. The war made Hitler, so the claim goes, and it also made the stridently nationalist culture in which he and Nazi ideology flourished. Weber’s book demonstrates that, in fact, we knew very little about Hitler’s war. It also remedies that ignorance. What we know now, thanks to the author’s archival research in numerous locations but especially in Munich, is very surprising. On 2 December 1914 Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. He and three colleagues were honoured for physically shielding the new Commander of their regiment, the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment, often called the List regiment after its first Commander who died at Ypres on 31 October 1914. It was a very major honour. But it should not obscure the fact that for almost all of the war Hitler was not a front-line soldier. From 9 November 1914 he was a dispatch runner, working mainly from regimental headquarters and behind the lines, with little opportunity for heroic deeds. Hitler the war hero was a construct of later propaganda, not the historical record of the war. The List regiment is the core revelation of this book. Thomas Weber found copious, previously unread documentation about the men in the regiment, including their recruitment and training, their wartime experience and attitudes, and their lives as veterans. Front-line combat began with the terrible confrontations at Ypres, which large numbers of the regiment did not survive. Eighty-five per cent were conscripts not volunteers, drawn in from an unprepared reserve of Bavarian smallholders and agricultural workers, with some professionals and students. Enthusiasm for the war was swiftly quelled by the terrible mortality and suffering, and the misery of the trenches. There was understandable resentment at those, like Hitler, who worked in the rearguard. The dominant mood was far from belligerent nationalism. Men of the List regiment took part in the unofficial truce with British soldiers at the front at Christmas 1914. The rural and Catholic background of these soldiers distanced them from the Protestant or urban worlds in which the Nazi party first took shape in the 1920s. They were therefore not prominent early supporters of Hitler and, indeed, many remained unpersuaded by his message. A small number were Jews, and there seems little evidence of anti-semitism in the regiment during or after the war. One Jewish officer, who had 86

himself supported Hitler’s nomination for the Iron Cross 1st Class in the summer of 1918 after a dangerous dispatch ride, was imprisoned by the Gestapo in 1937. He was helped to get out and ultimately to safety in America by fellow veterans of the regiment. Whatever the Great War taught Hitler, his own regiment did not shape his ideology. Nor in later years did it rally to it. The roots of national socialist ideology and the Hitler myth lay elsewhere. Frances Lannon Principal Zimbabwe: Years of Hope and Despair by Philip Barclay, Bloomsbury, 2010, £17.99 Robert Mugabe presides over a regime characterised by corrupt patronage, sanctioned violence and catastrophic economic mismanagement. And yet he survives, defying electoral defeat and international censure, and offers a beacon of hope to Kibaki, Gbagbo and others who also enjoy power too much. Philip Barclay’s book offers some valuable insights into how this has happened. Barclay lived in Zimbabwe from January 2006 to April 2009, working first as a political secretary in the British Embassy and later as a freelance observer and blogger. He was directly involved in development projects and election monitoring and regularly attended court cases. At a time when BBC and British journalists were not allowed into the country, he was able to document trends and events which many of us may have missed. The main story is of the 2008 elections for the Assembly and President: the intimidation during the campaign, the results and the aftermath. The beauty of the country and the ability and courage of many Zimbabweans emerged strongly. Even after the violence of the farm invasions, when he arrived Barclay found an attractive country with a reasonable infrastructure, but its relentless deterioration everywhere – culminating in the cholera epidemic – is well described. From independence in 1980 Mugabe enjoyed an enviable reputation for moderation, apparently forgoing revenge and maintaining the economy. But at the time the world was preoccupied with apartheid in South Africa and took little notice of the massacres of the Matabele and his inexorable consolidation of power – he learnt that the outside world would not thwart him. His hold on power seemed absolute until dis87

contented war veterans protested and he bought their compliance with new money and seized farms. The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was formed in 1999 and won 57 seats in the 2000 election, but struggled in the rural areas where ZANU-PF controlled everything including food distribution. When the MDC launched its election campaign in 2007 systematic violence against it began, most famously illustrated by photographs of a badly injured Tsvangirai released from prison. Registration of voters was restricted, and became impossible for those who had been displaced from farms or slums. Barclay reports that countless episodes of murder, rape and torture so weakened the MDC that many felt they could not take part. But they did, and as a monitor he was surprised to find that the local officials and polling station staff seemed to be well trained and largely unbiased. In the event ‘in an inspiring effort to pull themselves out of the pit’ the Zimbabwean people voted for the MDC in the House of Assembly and Tsvangirai as President, both with small majorities. Mugabe himself seemed about to cede power but, after delay and prevarication, the Electoral Commission admitted that Tsvangirai had more votes but announced a run-off election. Mugabe’s old guard – hardliners with much to lose – orchestrated a response of unprecedented violence and Barclay’s account makes shocking reading. For three months crazed groups of thugs ran amok, killing and terrorising the opposition, and Tsvangirai concluded that his people could not fight an election in the face of such danger. Mugabe, standing alone, won the second bout, but for the first time neighbouring African states protested. Meanwhile inflation hit stratospheric levels and Mugabe found himself forced into a power-sharing agreement. Under Mbeki’s uneven conciliation an agreement was hammered out, but left an imbalance of power which persists. For me the book is of particular interest as we were living in Kenya during its 2007 election, the violence and the emergence of the coalition, and there are many parallels. Then last year in Mozambique and last month on the northern border in South Africa we met many Zimbabweans who seemed amazingly optimistic. Stabilisation of the currency has clearly helped daily life, but Barclay’s concern is that it is a fragile peace with too recent violence. One of the key questions today is when Africa will really take off. There are optimistic voices, discerning economic growth and a new Af88

rican political leadership. Philip Barclay’s account provides a reminder of how much the old guard still has invested in blocking progress. Jean Bowyer (1963 Physiology) Caesar’s Druids: Story of an Ancient Priesthood by Miranda AldhouseGreen. Yale University Press, 2010, £25.00 Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Professor of Archaeology at Cardiff University, has published prolifically on Iron Age archaeology, especially in Gaul and Britain. Her aim here is to look not just at the Classical literature on the Druids for its information about the Druids themselves (and, revealingly, about its own stereotypic and biased attitude to ‘barbarian’ peoples outside the Mediterranean world), but also to relate these writings to the material culture of ritual and religion, to use the concept of the Druids as a hook upon which to hang an exploration of an ancient cosmology and religious system. (p. 265)

Classicists are aware that there are few Greek and Latin texts on Britain or Gaul. A tiny fraction mention Druids. Some modern scholars have discarded these accounts. Aldhouse-Green accepts the testimony for the existence of Druids in Gaul and Britain, probably from at least the early third century BC. Of course, some authors are more reliable than others, for instance Caesar, whose commentaries would be read by fellow senators who went to Gaul and Britain with him. All these Roman witnesses would depend on what they were told by the natives. One Druid at least, Diviciacus the Aeduan, was known to Caesar and to both the Cicero brothers (the latter were interested in his claims to be learned in natural science and augury) and presumably told them the truth. Other Greek and Latin authors, often copying each other, need to be taken with a grain of salt. We get a ‘mixture of fact, embroidered truths and fantasy’ (p. 105). Authors writing after the conquest of Britain and especially after the revolt of Boudica (AD 60/61), including the governor Agricola’s son-in-law Tacitus, tend to be hostile. In Gaul, the emperor Tiberius had ‘destroyed’ the Druids and ‘this type of bards and physicians’; Claudius ‘completely abolished’ their inhuman rites, in which Augustus had earlier forbidden Roman citizens to 89

participate. The governor Paulinus slaughtered Druids in battle and cut down the sacred groves on Anglesey (AD 60). It may be doubted whether repression succeeded completely. There were Druids around to prophesy the fall of Rome in AD 69, when the Capitoline temple was destroyed by fire. The imperial decrees, I would think, forbade the Druids to do certain things (including human sacrifice, which the Romans themselves had given up a century and a half earlier) and Roman citizens to take part in the cult, but perhaps did not forbid non-citizens to be Druids. Aldhouse-Green is probably right to hold that the Druids continued to foment resistance. They recur in later sources, though some of the texts may be merely antiquarian. She can point to archaeological evidence which suggests that cult practices associated with the Druids, including ritual killing, continued after the alleged suppression. Centuries later, ‘Druids were reinvented’ (p. 251): John Aubrey in the seventeenth and William Stukely in the eighteenth associated them, quite wrongly, with Stonehenge. Orders of Druids were refounded. The Druid revival continues to this day. The evidence from archaeology poses other problems. Iron Age sites are hard to date precisely. Human remains and material objects do not come with a written label. A torc around the neck of an image or a buried person suggests divinity or a human’s special status: does it, in conjunction with objects of ritual significance, allow us to recognise a Druid? Careful and time-consuming rituals performed on a victim of sacrifice or execution before and after death may imply a priestly caste – with anatomical knowledge – who could tell people precisely what to do: these experts might be Druids. Aldhouse-Green’s expertise in assessing a large number of British and Gallic sites comes through clearly. She sets these in the context of other Iron Age sites which attest ritual practices. In interpreting the evidence she also discusses comparable material from all over the world, from the Ojibwa to the Solomon Islanders and from prehistory to the twentieth century. Chapter headings suggest how lively the treatment is going to be: ‘The Moon and the Mistletoe: in Search of Ancient Druids’, ‘The Druids’ Toolkit: Regalia and Ritual Equipment’, and so on. In her exploration of all the literary and archaeological evidence for the Druids, Aldhouse-Green gives us a stimulating survey of evidence for the culture of Gaul and Britain in the Iron age and Roman period. She reconstructs community activities such as feasting and the display of severed heads; sacred places; understanding of the heavenly bodies; the smells and 90

sounds, light and dark of sacrifice. The strangeness of the rituals devised to secure the safety of the tribe and to honour the gods makes a startling contrast with the beauty of many artefacts used in ritual, the skills of the metalworkers, the scientific knowledge and literacy of the Druids, and the fact that Diviciacus must have reclined and drunk wine in the Roman social ritual with Cicero and perhaps Caesar. Aldhouse-Green, as far as anyone can, gives us a clear and nuanced picture of what the Druids were really like. Susan Treggiari (Franklin 1958 Literae Humaniores) Restoration Politics, Religion and Culture by George Southcombe and Grant Tapsell. British History in Perspective, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, £19.99 (pb). The Restoration of Charles II, with all its consequences, has produced a remarkable richness of research and publication over the last 20 years. This volume covers events in Britain and Ireland from 1660 to 1714, and provides a lively, lucid guide to the main themes of these tumultuous years. Starting with the return of King Charles from exile, it covers the ground, through the flight to France of the humiliated James II in 1688, up to the death of Queen Anne and the new Hanoverian succession. From the first, it sets out to grab the reader’s attention, by posing key questions as its chapter headings. Chapter One asks ‘What was Restored in 1660?’; chapter Three, ‘What was at stake in the Exclusion Crisis?’; chapter Six, ‘How Important was the “British” Dimension to Restoration Political Life?’. The chapter headed ‘Why were Dissenters a Problem?’ shows how the oppositional culture developed by dissenters took both written and visual forms, such as woodcuts: there is a handful of carefully chosen illustrations. The final, ninth chapter provides a survey of the whole scene, by tackling the broad-ranging issue of ‘What were the Main Forces for Change and Continuity in the Post-Revolutionary world, 1688-1714?’. The authors accept the continued importance of religion as a driver of politics, while emphasising how at the same time the ‘social depth of politics’ changed, to include crowd activity, women’s participation in political events, and disputes in the localities. The Notes and Further Reading are extremely useful and reveal the depth of research in both primary and secondary sources that these two 91

rising historians have undertaken. They include types of evidence only recently exploited by scholars, particularly satirical verses and popular libels, to enrich their analysis. Palgrave Macmillan’s long-established ‘British History in Perspective’ series enjoys a high reputation, and aims for a readership among both university students and their tutors. This is one of the best in a distinguished series, and its clarity of exposition, over its wide-ranging topics, is exemplary. Pauline Croft (1962 History) Sisters of Fortune: The First American Heiresses to Take Europe by Storm by Jehanne Wake. Chatto and Windus, 2010, £25.00 By the time Edith Wharton wrote her unfinished novel, The Buccaneers, the practice of rich American heiresses marrying into the aristocracy had almost died out. But it was once commonplace. In 1895 there were nine such marriages alone. Among the most famous examples were Conseulo Vanderbilt to the Duke of Marlborough, Mary Leiter to Viscount Curzon, the beautiful Jenny Jerome to Lord Randolph Churchill, and May Goelet to the Duke of Roxburgh. Countless books have been written about the Gilded Age’s obsession with money and titles, and yet, strangely, no one until Jehanne Wake has ever bothered to look at the first great American conquest of British Society – by the wealthy Caton sisters in the 1820s. The four sisters: Marianne, Louisa, Bess, and Emily were the grandchildren of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the wealthiest men in America and the last surviving signatory to the Declaration of Independence. When the three elder girls arrived in London in 1816 they were hardly adventuresses. By birth, education, and social position, they were all the very exemplar of republican aristocracy. The wonderful combination of money and good breeding was not lost on Regency society. Unfortunately for Marianne, she was already married and therefore unable to reciprocate the attentions showered upon her. But over time all three sisters nabbed a title by marriage: Marianne to the Marquis of Wellesley (the Duke of Wellington’s older brother), Louisa to the Duke of Leeds, and Bess to Lord Stafford, a devout Catholic of ancient lineage. Ironically, the only sister who had children was Emily, who stayed behind in Maryland. She married a Scottish-Canadian fur trader and 92

had five children, one of whom married the daughter of Winfield Scott, America’s most decorated General until the arrival of General Ulysses S. Grant during the Civil War. But in contrast to fairy stories and books with morally improving themes, the happiest of the lot was the sister who married the richest and grandest catch of all. Louisa and the Duke of Leeds made an exceptionally glamorous couple. Shortly after her arrival in London, she had made a brief and tragic marriage to the Duke of Wellington’s ADC, Colonel Sir Felton Hervey, who died after only two years. Grief stricken, Louisa went into seclusion and appeared destined to live a very long and lonely widowhood. But, to everyone’s surprise, seven years later – at the ‘old’ age of 33 – she was courted by the 28-year-old Marquis of Carmarthen. The Osborne opposition to the match was vociferous, but ultimately served to make the couple even more determined to be together. As the Duchess of Leeds, Louisa became one of the reigning Queens of Society and a celebrated philanthropist. The Caton sisters were unusual in having financial independence throughout their lives, and one – Bess – was actually a stockbroker manqué who enjoyed many successful punts on the Stock Exchange. Their story is told by Jehanne Wake in vivid style, not unlike that of Aristocrats by Stella Tillyard. She does not try to make them into more than they were; on the other hand, when opportunities were so limited for women, nor does Wake trivialise their accomplishments. The Catons were largely forgotten because, unlike their later counterparts, there was no scandalous divorce or financial catastrophe that followed. It is well that Wake has brought them back to notice. They deserve to be remembered, and their letters enjoyed. Amanda Foreman (1991 History) Bluebeard’s Legacy: Death and Secrets from Bartok to Hitchcock edited by Griselda Pollock and Victoria Anderson. I. B. Tauris , 2009, £59.50 (h/b), £18.99 (p/b). The tone of the first ‘Barbe-Bleue’ (‘Bluebeard’), published by Charles Perrault in 1697, is tongue-in-cheek, the narrative voice drawing attention to old saws about the irresistible allure of great wealth, the dreadful weakness of women, and the bloodthirsty retribution which all dyed-inthe-wool villains should meet. None of these matters need be taken seri93

ously, the author’s suave tone implies. The cynical French courtier compiled his Contes du temps passé towards the end of his life, and the book includes the nursery classics – ‘Cinderella’, ‘Red Riding Hood’, ‘Puss in Boots,’ and ‘Sleeping Beauty’. Generations of readers since have seen through the author’s arch and sophisticated manner to the deep troubles the stories explore: in the case of ‘Bluebeard’, the marriage market, the necessity of dowries, the duty of obedience to a husband, the dangers of sex, and the possibility that the man you married is a serial killer. Victorian versions – in illustrated retellings for children – tended to emphasise the wife’s Eve-like curiosity and to wag a finger at her for her ‘disobedience’. Perrault’s ironies about brutal husbands were lost to the social desideratum of docility in wives. By contrast, Griselda Pollock and Victoria Anderson argue that while the wolf in ‘Red Riding Hood’ is accepted to be a generic type of a seducer or wooer, out for his own pleasure and a danger to all young women, Bluebeard the serial wife-killer has been seen as a unique case, a dreadful aberration. They counter this: the wolf is Bluebeard’s counterpart, and the fairy tale provides a way of looking at – of exposing – the male psyche, while later treatments of the story, especially on stage and screen, demonstrate the fairy tale’s psychological depths in revealing the true character of male sexuality and women’s collusion. The contributors frequently invoke Duke Bluebeard’s Castle, Béla Bartók’s tableau opera with a libretto by the writer of tales, Béla Balázs. In this enigmatic work, the last wife, Judith, acts as a seeker after knowledge and seems to embrace her own fate; the opera inspires a strong essay by the musicologist David Cooper, a trenchant analysis by Victoria Anderson and admiration from Griselda Pollock. The film historian Ian Christie explores the intensely voluptuous ‘composed films’ of Michael Powell, who made Bartok’s opera into a television film in l964. Other contributions are made by the Grimm Brothers scholar Maria Tatar, the film historian Michael Hiltbrunner, the art historian Elisabeth Bronfen, and Griselda Pollock herself (writing on the reverberations of ‘Hommes Fatals’ in a trio of little-known but fascinating films). These essays were written before the terrible discoveries at Amstetten revealed that a father/husband like Josef Fritzl could prey on his family in ways that exceed the worst ogres of fairy-tale. And there have been many other horrendous real-life corroborations of Bluebeard’s imagined horrors. However, although the interaction of history and fantasy shapes the crimes of the fairy-tale tradition, reading one straight off the other and vice versa presents all kinds of difficulty, and the editors’ 94

approach tends to take Bluebeard too literally. The horrors of fairy-tale do not report actual incidents, but condense real consequences into extreme scenarios: mothers and fathers did not stew their children to make blood puddings, as they do in the Grimms’ fairy-tale ‘The Juniper Tree’, but hunger indeed drove them to desperate measures. By analogy, the chief serial killer of women was not rape and murder, but childbirth, and a young wife marrying a widower several times over might well feel anxious about her fate, in the light of her predecessors’. The collection brings out well the energy flowing ever more strongly from the old fairy-tales; no longer considered suitable for children, they are instead inspiring work far beyond their former constituencies. The legacy this book explores includes a surprising twist on the fairy-tale by the artist–film-maker Alice Anderson: her Bluebeard is a pubescent girl who does not want to grow up. In a highly unsettling fable, the rich and loathsome serial killer has quit the scene, leaving it to women to resolve the tensions between themselves. Marina Warner (1964 Modern Languages) Lapis Lazuli: In Pursuit of a Celestial Stone by Sarah Searight. East & West Publishing Ltd, 2010, £18.95 ‘There is a curious abandon in the way scholars studying the ancient world toss off the millennia as if they were yesterday’ writes Sarah Searight, and she does just this in her meticulous study of lapis lazuli, which begins 8,000 years ago. But one is soon immersed in the author’s passionate affair with this extraordinary rock, its stunning colour and its many manifestations. The generous profusion of dates and place names in the book can be dazzling to those of us with a less thorough knowledge of this long stretch of history, and I could have done with a more detailed map to follow her – for example, from the Kokcha Afghanistan mountain valley, where lapis mining started around 6,000 BC, to Tepe Gawra, a city in Mesopotamia 2,000 kilometres away, whose prosperous citizens were importing lapis lazuli from those Kokcha mines in 3,500 BC. But the entrancing illustrations are a lively guide, full of beauty. Lapis lazuli is a blue stone which contains inter alia the aluminium silicate crystals ‘that create the heavenly blue of lazurite’. The main fascination of this book comes from its description of the numberless religious and aesthetic obsessions and uses of this unique stone. Lapis’s 95

significance extends beyond carving into its use as a superb pigment, ultramarine or ‘heavenly and royal blue’, washed from the ground powder of the stone and ‘used to decorate holy as well as palatial walls’, in particular becoming a sacred colour for Buddhists. Sarah Searight’s mammoth journey in pursuit of lapis lazuli starts in the Hindu Kush, in the remote Badakhshan mountains, where the finest blue lapis comes from. It then covers not just thousands of years, but vast distances. We move in a page from the medieval trading city of Timbuktu in Mali to a market in Richmond in Yorkshire where there is a lapis amulet. On the underside of this amulet is a carving of a lion reminding the author of the same lion carved on the wall of a Crusader castle in Syria to commemorate the defeat of its defenders by the great Mamluk general, Baybars, in 1271. And so we go on, over the next page, to Hellenistic Alexandria in the first millennium AD. All in a chapter which moves boldly around lapis’s role on amulets ‘as a protective talisman for travellers’. From East to West. In its second part the book is ‘concerned with the use of lapis lazuli as pigment – in icons, on walls, in manuscripts, ultimately on canvas’. We follow the trail from the 14th century icon of St Panteleimon in St Catherine’s Sinai monastery, via the 1180 wall painting of St Paul and the viper in Canterbury Cathedral, and illuminations from the Winchester Bible, through to Giovanni Bellini’s famous Madonna of the Meadows of 1505, and right up to today. All is colourfully brought to life – both by the photographs and by the author’s descriptions, which themselves are vivid evocations of physical and historic settings. Naturally the focus in every case is on the way lapis has been used and loved. This is an endlessly interesting book of immense learning, extensive travel with engrossing byways, and profound devotion to its subject. Mary Haynes (Lambert 1959 History) The Longest Winter: Scott’s Other Heroes by Meredith Hooper. John Murray, 2010, £20.00 Meredith Hooper’s refreshing, accessible biography of Scott’s last expedition focuses on the Eastern (later renamed Northern) Party – a story of disappointment, frustration, illness, extreme hunger, but ultimately survival. 96

Working from original diaries and letters to penetrate both the ven­eer of books published shortly after Scott’s tragic death and the retrospective significance subsequently applied to events, she brings out not only ordeal and adventure, but also a very human ‘humdrum reality’. We enter a world of sledging songs, sledging flags, horses who ‘have done splendidly’ and are then shot for dog food; a world where looting for kit alternates with placing provisions in case others (even rivals) are needy; where cheerfulness is expected, and issues and achievements must be played down. Most of all, a world where men and officers must be disciplin­ed and know their place. The characters are highly three-dimensional – including Scott: single-minded, rash (setting off with a leaky, coal-hungry ship) and hypocritical, yet a skilled organiser, deeply in love with his wife, sometimes privately vulnerable, and heavily distressed at the state of his old base at Hut Point. In the run-up to Scott’s 1910–13 Terra Nova expedition, the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) tried to defuse deep-rooted tensions between Scott and Shackleton and avoid a straight race for the South Pole by promoting scientific and geographical discovery as key aims of any Antarctic expedition. Scott’s answer was the Eastern Party, led by Campbell, established to explore unknown King Edward VII Land. Unable to find a landing site, however, Campbell tried the Bay of Whales as an alternative entry point – only to meet Amundsen camped there, a rival explorer who had unexpectedly joined the race for the South Pole. Scott had newly agreed with the RGS that ‘every explorer should . . . be at liberty to go exactly where he likes’. This would enable him to pip other explorers to the post by going unannounced where they were heading, but it backfired when Campbell, bitterly disappointed but unaware, applied existing protocols and completely withdrew from Amundsen’s space. Intending instead to explore new territory beyond Cape North, Victoria Land, the Eastern Party first found themselves running errands near Cape Evans to support Scott’s Pole-bagging aspirations. They took the opportunity to return the two poor-quality horses Scott had suddenly swapped for the good ones they had trained. They would manage without horses. Poor weather, pack ice and a difficult coastline prevented Campbell landing near Cape North. Instead, he ended up at Cape Adare for ten months – ‘well-trampled ground’ where Borchgrevink had already wintered and sledging expeditions were difficult. Some science was achieved, 97

but little exploration. Penguins (‘dear little things’) were studied but also, of necessity, killed for food (‘a ghastly business’). Picked up by Terra Nova in January 1912, Campbell had planned five weeks’ summer sledging around Wood Bay, to salvage their expedition. Pack ice again prevented a landing, and they made shore further south at Evans Coves. Summer sledging, though far from smooth running, was reasonably successful. Then disaster struck. Although the sea near Evans Coves was clear, the ship was unable to collect the Eastern Party owing to dense pack ice further out. Worried, confused, tents torn, provisions low, gales continuously raging, the Eastern Party eventually dug an underground ice cave, too small to stand up in. For seven months, they survived here despite extreme cold, insufficient food, continual choking smoke from their seal blubber fires, insanitary conditions, constant diarrhoea and a serious hand injury. Spring arrived. Still no one realised their immense plight: still no relief party. Desperately, they sledged south for five hard weeks – only to find that Scott and the entire Polar Party had perished months earlier. Amanda Spice (1987 Physics) The Tragi-Comedy of Victorian Fatherhood by Valerie Sanders. Cambridge University Press, 2009, £50 Having tackled brother–sister relationships in her previous book on the nineteenth century, Valerie Sanders now turns her attention to that familiar figure, the Victorian paterfamilias.  And what she discovers is that Papa or The Pater is not quite as pervasive, omni-present or even dominant as we might carelessly assume.  By attending closely to both fiction and non-fiction writing by well-known Victorian fathers, including Charles Dickens, Charles Kingsley and Prince Albert, Sanders reveals that the role of the father was under constant negotiation during the nineteenth century.  For every fearsome Mr Barrett striding around his domain in Wimpole Street there were a host of family men who wondered what, exactly, they were supposed to be doing and, more importantly, whether they were doing it right. One of the themes that emerges from this excellent book is the problems faced by the young sons of famous men.  Charles Dickens, for 98

instance, had to come to terms with the fact that only one of his seven sons seemed to have any kind of ‘go’ about him.  While the Great Man skittered from one activity to another in an effort to fulfil a schedule that would leave most people feeling dizzy, his boys mostly pottered about, happy to rely on their double inheritance of a famous name and considerable wealth.  To be fair to them, the burden of living up to a legend must have felt intolerable. Certainly that was how it seemed to the poet Matthew Arnold, who spent most of his adult life trying to come to terms with the fact that his late father, Dr Thomas Arnold of Rugby, was revered as a near-saint by the hundreds of boys who had passed through his care.  Gratifying in one way, of course, but also slightly stultifying if you were trying to find your own, definitely unsaintly, way in the world. Sanders’s careful case histories also lead to some powerful revisions.  George Henry Lewes, the journalist and scientist, has always been seen as a dedicated and generous father who doted on his three sons even though he was unable to live with them following his separation from their mother.  In fact, as Sanders shrewdly points out, Lewes actually did his best to keep the boys at arm’s length while he poured his energy into his relationship with his new partner, the novelist George Eliot (whose real name was Mary Ann Evans).  Wherever Lewes and Eliot happened to be, you could be pretty sure that the Lewes lads were at least an ocean away.  When it came to finding the younger two – feckless and rather silly juveniles – adult employment, Lewes shipped them out to Africa.  Eliot, meanwhile, invested a great deal of energy in writing sentimental letters to her friends explaining just how devoted she was to the darling boys. Keeping your children close to you was no guarantee against disappointment either.  Virtually every father in Sanders’s book was obliged to go through the devastating experience of losing at least one son or daughter.  Poor Archibald Tait, Dean of Carlisle, famously lost five girls in as many weeks from a cruel visitation by scarlet fever.  Given this sense that a young soul might be snatched away at any moment, you can begin to forgive the blustery religiosity of fathers such as Gladstone, Kingsley and, of course, Dr Arnold, all of whom seemed inclined to linger over their children’s moral failings with a greater intensity than seems quite healthy. Valerie Sanders is one of our leading academic commentators on the dynamics of the Victorian family and in this excellent book she extends our understanding of that figure which we thought we knew so well, the 99

Victorian paterfamilias.  Just like the rest of us, it turns out, these wellmeaning men were mostly making it up as they went along. Kathryn Hughes (History 1978) The Sun-fish by Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, 2009, Gallery Press, £15.99 (h/b), £12.99 (p/b), €11.95 I’ve become fascinated by this collection of poems, a Poetry Book Society recommendation and winner of the Griffin International Poetry Prize, though I didn’t find it an easy read. After a quick skim through, I tried to read the poems analytically – to take each by the shoulders and shake its meaning out. This didn’t work well. Interrogating a poem: where? who? what? why? may not be the best way to get into it. I did occasionally consult Google or e-mail a friend, but I found the best way to read Ní Chuilleanáin’s poems was in a spirit of ‘negative capability’ (putting up with ‘being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason’ (Keats)). In fact, many poems are straightforward enough, and the puzzling ones are worth returning to and musing over. Certain themes and preoccupations emerge. Ní Chuilleanáin is not an urban poet. She takes delight in the natural world and observes it closely. She writes particularly well about water: its power in ‘The Flood’, its strangeness in ‘The Savage’, its revelations and concealments in the ‘Sun-fish’ sequence. The sun-fish (basking sharks) are contemplated at length. They are material: large, warmth-loving, plankton-swallowing – and also mysterious, beautiful creatures outside our understanding. (And like so much else in nature they are sometimes our prey, used and abused by mankind.) Similarly the hare in ‘On Lacking the Killer Instinct’ is both very much herself, and also a reminder of the narrator’s father ‘running from a lorry-load of soldiers’. In spite of titles like ‘The Nave’, ‘The Sister’, ‘Brother Felix Fabri’, and ‘Michael and the Angel’ and the two poems connected to Skellig Michael, the poems in this collection are not specifically Christian or religious, but there is a strong spiritual element in many of them, and several epiphanies or visionary moments, even if, like the vision of the elderly woman on Skellig Michael or the pilgrim in ‘The Cold’, they are in the end ineffable. Some of the most limpid poems are those about 100

death and graveyards: ‘Ballinascarthy’, ‘Interim Report to Paul’, ‘Where the Pale Flower Flashes and Disappears’. Death, cold, darkness, water, cloud – these are subjects that suit this poet’s strange and slippery imagination. Whatever the degree of ‘difficulty’ in the poems, there are many delights to be found – in particular many arresting images: The silk scarves / Came flying at her face like a car wash (‘The Witch in the Wardrobe’); The ferry slips like chalk / Leaving its friable mark, The Jesuits / Behind walls of transparent mist / Move slowly to their prayers, steaming / And solid, like morning cattle. (‘Two Poems for Leland Bardwell’); The ocean swathing the globe is a snake mask. (‘The Sun-fish, part 4’).

The commentary on the back of the book speaks of Ní Chuilleanáin’s ‘transforming and transporting ways of seeing’, and to those who have an interest in contemporary poetry I would recommend this collection as refreshing and original. Chris Considine (Maney 1960 English) The Wind Today by Sue MacIntyre. Hearing Eye, 2010, £7 Now is the time to celebrate the continuance of poetry. In hard and unpredictably difficult times we need poetry to keep our souls alive. Fortunately, judging by the signs of recent readings, poetry is in vigorous health. The passing round of poems among our private friends is flourishing. It is about the sharing of experiences, the pleasures of recognition and being led into new experiences at the edges of consciousness and memory. The Wind Today is a pleasure to hold. The cover is attractive – a playful image by Hokusai, where trees and people holding their hats are angled against a strong wind while, calm in the background, rises the sacred mountain Fujiyama. Loose pages fly about, almost beyond catching: an expressive evocation of the force of the writer’s free spirit, and her firmness and skill in catching fleeting aspects of this transient world. 101

I first heard some of these poems at a reading in London. One hearing of a good poem is not enough, however. We want to see, if we can, how the music has been made. Sue MacIntyre has a coherent and distinctive poetic voice which is clear in a sequential reading. However, particular poems stand out for me and I return to reflect on them. For example, she has a gift for fusing the sensations of being in a hot country with those of our native climate. I particularly like ‘Shutters’. How reassuring is this clear description of shutters in Italy. Foreign though they are, I could go there and understand their use perfectly. Yet these workable, practical shutters open into something visionary – the magic of the early morning and the fear that it might be forgotten. ‘Oranges’ brings contradictory feelings together: it conveys tangy, juicy, richly scented pleasures, yet acknowledges a fear of abundance. Awkward adolescent feelings are ruefully explored in ‘My Dress with Vines’. The title poem takes us to past times, from a current holiday in Spain to swims in Donegal:   The Spanish wind blows woodsmoke   and I remember burning peat in a Donegal summer, waiting   for a quick blue sky to release   children onto the strand, shivering and legging around   with mottled sandy skin…

In other poems, through faded family photographs and mementos, Sue MacIntyre takes us exploring the mystery of our connections, with our own past selves and long-dead family members in childhood   staring at me, transient on their    fragile raft of rugs and grass.

Addressing Chekov, the author asks: ‘The sap of what you write is compassion, / or is it consolation?’ – thus revealing the honesty and questioning nature of her work. A memory shared in ‘Verandah’ is full of loving empathy, as is ‘Walking in the garden with Fred’, where her baby grandson’s company brings back original perceptions, pristine once more, as she carries him out ‘into/ the unimaginably white light/ when the rain’s stopped’. Lest brief quotations detract from the integrity of individual poems, I urge you to try them whole! The music of humanity is richly here! Margaret Bonfiglioli (Slater 1954 English) 102

The Aesthetic Development: The Poetic Spirit of Psychoanalysis by Meg Harris Williams. Karnac Books, 2009, £21.99 Meg Harris Williams is an artist and the author of many papers on psychoanalysis and the appreciation of poetry. This book develops the main thesis of her writing, that literature shares with psychoanalysis a view of the growth of the mind as dependent on a person’s ‘engagement with experience, capacity to suffer and think about it’. The central idea she elaborates is Donald Meltzer’s conception that central to the human condition, and thus a fortiori to psychoanalysis, is not the Freudian– Kleinian conflict of life and death instincts but an ‘aesthetic conflict’, a perpetual tension between the courage to experience vital emotional conflicts and a ‘cynical avoidance’ of the psychic work this entails. In the opening chapters Williams elaborates in welcome scholarly detail the derivation of this idea from the magisterial work of Wilfred Bion, and ultimately from the aesthetics of Keats. Without Keats’s ‘negative capability’ (‘when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason’), there is no way to tolerate the emotional turbulence necessary for what Bion named ‘catastrophic change’. We will inevitably resort to facile ‘knowing about’ in order to evade the disturbing emotional experience of knowing. Bion wanted these concepts, now so familiar to analysts, to remain open and ‘unsaturated’, but there is a constant pull towards reification. One of the great strengths of Williams’s book is that, in using poetry to illustrate psychoanalytic concepts for the non-clinician, she renews the essential strangeness of ideas that have become to psychoanalysts rather too familiar. ‘Psychoanalysis as an Art Form’, the final chapter, is for me the high point of this work. Williams’s argument rests on Susanne Langer’s work on symbolisation. The symbols that emerge in psychoanalysis have some similarities with art symbols: in both there is ‘the primary necessity . . . “to formulate experience as something imaginable in the first place”’. Bion took Klein’s concept of continuous, fluid unconscious phantasy and reformulated it as the idea that the mind is constantly in a state of unconscious dreaming, of which the remembered dream is but a glimpse of what is normally invisible. So one aim of the psychoanalytic process, according to Williams, would be to enable the patient to become a better dreamer, to develop a capacity to dream – and to think about dreaming – so that ‘meaning has to be imaginatively discovered, peering through holes in the darkness of existing knowledge’. One necessary condition 103

for the success of this endeavour would be that the analyst herself aims to facilitate the emergence of symbols that generate meaning, rather than looking to decode signs in a parody of Freud. Analyst and patient, like artist and reader/viewer, both have to develop a capacity to surrender to experience before it can be in any way shaped or conceptualised. The book has great strengths. One is Meg Harris Williams’s immense scholarship and her capacity to explicate poetry in a way that re-awakens awe in the reader. Another strength is her immersion in Meltzerian thinking, not least because of her complex psychoanalytic ancestry, detailed in the Afterword. In my view, this is also the book’s weakness: it focuses intense light on a narrow spectrum of analytic thinking. I cannot agree with her assertion that ‘art as a model for psychic investigation has been neglected in mainstream psychoanalytic exegesis’ when such a rich literature exists even within post-Kleinian thought (Segal, Britton, Bell, to name a few). Nevertheless, I enjoyed my struggle with this text and feel changed by it. It is probably not easily accessible to anyone who has not had an analysis. I applaud this. Williams conveys a sense of psychoanalysis as a live clinical process, whereas so much ‘psychoanalytic’ literary criticism has little recognisable connection with the live clinical experience from which this body of knowledge ultimately derives. Marie Bridge (Street 1970 Modern Languages) On Being Someone: A Christian Point of View by Helen Oppenheimer. Imprint Academic, 2011, £14.95 This book follows the author’s book What a Piece of Work: on Being Human, published in 2006, and develops her thought in a different direction. Whereas in the earlier work Oppenheimer considered humanity in relation to the natural creation, it is the common experience of humanity itself which is her theme in this next book. The title On Being Someone introduces an enquiry into the response to the old question ‘What is man?’ (Psalm 8:4). For Oppenheimer, this is a moral question, a question of persons in relationship. Logically, ‘we’ is prior to ‘I’ in human experience, and throughout her work Oppenheimer eschews atomism, discussed as the notion that individuals are self-sufficient and relate to one another only tangentially, as much

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as she eschews absolute dogmatic positions in any sphere which tend to preclude constructive dialogue. From the basis of valuable personhood, Oppenheimer treats a wide range of theological and ethical questions such as the nature of transcendence, the beginning and ending of life (‘if there is “someone” here, then that person has a moral claim’), and the ethics of interpersonal communication, in each case by setting up a space and creating a vocabulary within which believers and non-believers may debate constructively with one another. Thus, for instance, survival of the whole person is a more appropriate stance than mind/ body dualism in considering personal survival after death, and there is no need for recent writers on the ethics of euthanasia to dismiss the Christian viewpoint on the basis that ‘the sanctity of human life’ can only ever be its sole and over-riding concern. Such at least is the nature of the first and major part of this fascinating book. Parts 2 and 3, which are shorter, deal more specifically with Christian apologetics, including a sensible and practical enquiry into atonement theology (the only major Christian doctrine not defined by the councils and creeds of the early church), and concluding, in Part 3, entitled ‘Generosity’, with an invitation to enjoy God’s hospitality in the Eucharistic feast (‘people would do well to argue less and use their imaginations more, so that they could take pleasure in their ritual eating and drinking together as a faithful response to God’s heavenly invitation’). This is a difficult book to summarise because its subject matter is so wide-ranging. One possible problem is that there are one or two editorial mishaps; for instance, W. H. Vanstone’s book is cited as God’s Endeavour, God’s Expense, rather than by its real title of Love’s Endeavour, Love’s Expense. However, this is a very minor problem in a book which is characterised overall by a sincere commitment to enquiry into the nature of human flourishing, grounded in the author’s faith. Most importantly, grounded though the book may be, its argument is in no way constrained. It suggests and develops radical directions in which Christian apologetics and Christian ethical debate may proceed, and this reader very much hopes to see these pursued further in the future. Isobel Rathbone (DPhil student in Theology and Associate Priest in the parish of Guiseley with Esholt, Diocese of Bradford)

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Confessions of an Entrepreneur: the Highs and Lows of Starting Up by Chris Robson. Prentice Hall Business, 2010, £10.99 Most books on starting a new business give advice on how to prepare a business plan, or explain the development stages through which a startup company must pass, thoroughly rational advice on managing the finance and cash-flow, all very grown-up. This hilarious book contains that kind of advice, too, but it is the child-like story of what it feels like to be an entrepreneur. Confessions of an Entrepreneur deals with the emotional impact on the entrepreneur of their commitment to their new business idea. There will be sacrifices, such as consequences for one’s physical health, as the entrepreneur works harder and harder, with a constant rush of energy and adrenaline. The entrepreneur may miss out on the good times that other friends and colleagues have, such as the fun and adventures of youth. And there may be sacrifices where marriages and relationships do not survive the strain of the entrepreneur’s poor work/life balance. The messages from the book come through the life stories and anecdotes of a number of entrepreneurs who are well known to Chris Robson, either as long-term friends or business partners. Most have started, and sold, internet-enabled businesses; some have made a lot of money; some have overcome unbelievable challenges, and some have not had the success they imagined they would have. Through the warm and believable life stories of these human beings, we learn how tough it is to succeed, and how very tough it is to fail. We hear stories of how people responded to disappointment, but ultimately there are lessons on emotional and spiritual growth. Disappointment may be tough to endure, but it can be a very effective teacher. The emotional journey of the entrepreneur involves accepting the wisdom of others, and learning from advice and criticism, but never letting go of your own gut instinct. Decisions will have to be made on inadequate information, so sometimes the gut may be a better guide than the rational brain. Chris tells stories of some of the outrageous pranks he played, often involving late nights, bars and alcohol. He uses these stories to build a folklore for his business ventures, and to raise people’s spirits when times get tough. Being close to Chris during these times must have been demanding – trying to even out the highs and lows, and waiting while he learned the lessons from his mistakes. One of the important lessons that shines through the stories and the carousing is the importance of the people around you – spouse, girl106

friend or boyfriend – and the advisors and business partners. Loved ones will make sacrifices, too, which must be acknowledged and entered into knowingly. Business partners may need to be changed as the business grows and its vision clarifies. This too may lead to some difficult and emotional partings. The book is structured as 22 short chapters, each with half a dozen summary lessons, each lesson boiled down further into one short sentence. The book is short enough to read in one sitting, but is worth picking up to review time and again. Many of the scenarios and stories will be familiar to the readers, and maybe Chris’s hard knocks will mean that other would-be entrepreneurs will humbly accept their mistakes, learn from them and move wisely onwards. This is a very entertaining book on entrepreneurship, and one that many readers will enjoy greatly. Janet Smart (1973 Physics) The Gardens of English Heritage by Gillian Mawrey and Linden Groves. Frances Lincoln Limited, 2010, £25 English Heritage is best known for its care of ruined houses and abbeys and other ancient monuments; one doesn’t immediately associate it with gardens. The great houses and their parks are more the province of the National Trust. However, one flick through this book changes this misconception, as it is full of beautiful photographs of the gardens which surround English Heritage properties. There are the gardens and parklands of the great houses that are part of English Heritage’s remit, including Osborne House, Audley End and Kenwood, but there are also gardens attached to some of the ruins, such as Kenilworth Castle, Wardour Castle and Bayham Old Abbey. But this book is not just about the pictures. Twenty-three gardens are described in detail, and each piece begins with a background to the building of the house, the customs in fashion at the time, and the history of the family that first planned the house and its garden. The development of the garden from this time on is covered, both the good and the bad, for many of these gardens have a chequered history. In some cases, such as for Kirby Hall in Northamptonshire, there is a wealth of detail. The Hatton family owned the estate from 1575 until 1706 and the gardens feature heavily in surviving correspondence, such that the changes made to the layout and the planting can be followed from generation to generation. This 107

is one of those properties that then fell into decline over the eighteenth and nineteenth century, but has now been restored by English Heritage. George Chettle conducted the first trial of garden archaeology here – although early attempts to restore the garden were misguided. ‘The paths were not in the right place and in the new beds he planted 4,000 totally anachronistic roses.’ Since 1990, the garden has been restored to its seventeenth century design, when it was described as the ‘finest garden in EngA view of the garden of Wrest Park in Bedfordshire land’. For other gardens, fewer intimate details of planting are known, but nonetheless the history is fascinating. At the end of the book, a few smaller properties are covered in short paragraphs and there is a chapter on the Contemporary Heritage Gardens commissioned by English Heritage in 1999. Gillian Mawrey set up the Historic Gardens Foundation and she edits its magazine, Historic Gardens Review. Linden Groves is a conservation officer for the Garden History Society. The depth of knowledge of these authors, and their love for their subject, is evident in the detail they give for each garden, both of its history and of the plants. This book is also a testament to the excellent work of English Heritage and entices the reader to plan visits to all these properties. Carolyn Carr (Jones 1977 Chemistry) Wildlife of a Garden: a Thirty-year Study by Jennifer Owen. Royal Horticultural Society, 2010, £30.00. This beautiful volume is the culmination of 30 years of meticulous study by the author of her ordinary, suburban garden on the outskirts of 108

Leicester. Jennifer Owen (1955 Zoology) moved there with her family in 1971 and immediately began observing, collecting and recording the animals and plants that made it their home or just passed through. She emphasises that the garden was not special in any way, but was managed as a neat, productive area with a great variety of habitats to encourage wildlife. Over the course of the study she noted 472 species of plants and fungi (both cultivated and spontaneous introductions), which provided food and living space for over 59 species of birds, nearly 400 species of butterflies and moths, and more than a thousand other invertebrates. Many of these she trapped or photographed and sent off for expert identification. Her own specialism is the hoverflies, with 94 species. In the book are included descriptions of the life cycles of all the groups encountered, details of the food webs of which they are part, and the seasonal and annual variation in numbers together with possible explanations for the wide variations found. Sadly almost all types of animal have markedly decreased in numbers during the 30-year study, with the exception of the beetles and solitary wasps which have increased. Although it is a serious scientific volume this book would not be out of place on a coffee table, because it abounds in beautiful photographs of the wildlife and the garden, many taken by the author herself. Close your eyes and you can almost hear the buzzing of the bees and the singing of the blackbird on the sweetly scented lilac tree. It will delight anyone who loves gardens. Marion Michell (Cutler 1962 Chemistry) Pick of the Bunch: the Story of Twelve Treasured Flowers by Margaret Willes. The Bodleian Library, 2009, £19.99 Margaret Willes’s wittily titled Pick of the Bunch is beautifully produced, well written and, like a good box of chocolates (with several layers), has an assortment of goodies inside. There is a full and in-depth history of the cultivation and social history of the flowers. We grow examples of nearly all the selected genera in the garden at LMH – as will many of the readers of this book. However, I was constantly amazed by the number of little-known facts that Willes unearthed. Did you know, for example, that there are two varieties of daffodils unique to Wales: the Welsh daffodil, with its orange trumpet and yellow 109

petals; and the Tenby daffodil (Narcissus obvallaris), thought to be a hybrid between this and a wild daffodil from Europe? How did it get there, I wonder? Or that snowdrops growing wild in England were first recorded in the 1770s in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire? One site where wild snowdrops can still be seen growing in abundance is within the grounds of Thrumpton Hall (great name) in the Valley of the Trent, where Front cover of Pick of the Bunch there was once a substantial © Bodleian Libraries Roman settlement. One of the most striking things about this book is the absence of photographs, which for a modern gardening book is most unusual. For me it is a refreshing change to have, instead, the wonderful reproductions of paintings and drawings of the flowers. In the introduction we have one of those wonderful seventeenth century Dutch still life paintings featuring nineteen different flowers – several of which are in the book. I cannot praise highly enough the design and production of this book, which is of a very high order – a perfect gift for those who like flowers and books. Ben Pritchard Head Gardener In Office Hours by Lucy Kellaway. Penguin Fig Tree Paperback, 2011, £6.99 The modern office is territory that Lucy Kellaway has marked out as her own, both in her columns for the Financial Times and in her first novel, Martin Lukes: Who Moved My BlackberryTM?, which stemmed from those columns. In the earlier novel, Kellaway adopted the persona of an ambitious male executive, but in this one she stands back and tells the 110

story from the point of view of two women at different stages in their careers within the same company, Atlantic Energy. The older woman, Stella Bradberry, is in her forties, married with children, and a successful corporate economist who is heading for the top – a seat on the board of directors. Bella Chambers, by contrast, is in her twenties and feels that her professional life has not started well. An unplanned pregnancy interrupted her university career and now, as a working single mother, she has a PA role that does not stretch her. The novel’s title, In Office Hours, reminds us that certain activities are frowned on – even proscribed – at work. Some US companies require employees to declare workplace romances to their HR departments and sign contracts to protect the company from claims of harassment should the relationship go wrong. Kellaway’s book begins on a day when both women are contacted, unexpectedly, by the male colleagues with whom they had affairs two years earlier. As they each ponder the meaning of these approaches, and carefully compose their responses, Kellaway begins the account of how the affairs began, developed and ended. Stella has an affair with a man who is her junior in age and status, while Bella becomes involved with an older man who is her boss. The parallel stories explore the emotions associated with illicit love – passion, guilt and jealousy – along with the deceit, the subterfuge and the risk-taking. This does not really break new ground. Where Kellaway adds value, however, is in the precision with which she creates the office setting and the sharpness of her observation of behaviour within a corporate environment. I recognised the scene where Bella watches colleagues arriving for a meeting, but walking straight past when they see that the room is empty. None of them will enter and sit down until sufficient others have assembled, ‘the aim being never to be kept waiting by anyone of your own rank or below’. Kellaway’s observational skills add both humour and poignancy to the stories of the two women. At one point, Stella and Rhys wish to enjoy a private moment in an empty room. However, there is nothing as simple as a light switch in a modern office so, in order not to be visible to everyone in the adjacent office building, they have to tape paper over the movement sensors and then stand very still until the lights go out. James, Bella’s rather staid older lover, books a hotel room so that they can meet in the lunch hour, and then turns up with an empty suitcase, which he has found marked down in M&S, because he did not think it would be respectable to arrive at a hotel without luggage. ‘Bella laughed delightedly. A man who bought an empty suitcase in order to 111

commit adultery clearly did not do this all the time.’ Earlier, he writes her a love letter that includes phrases such as ‘Perhaps you would let me know your views on this’, which are more appropriate to a business communication. As a gentle satire on commercial life contained in an engaging story, Kellaway’s second novel is an entertaining read. Alison Gomm (1974, English) Also received: The Merchant of Naples: James Close (1799-1865) and his Family edited by Julian Potter. Orford Books, 2008, £20 This book documenting her family history was presented to the college by Joanna Close-Brooks. As the title suggests, it is about the life of James Close and his family, told through letters, journals and diaries. James Close was born in Manchester, and became a highly successful merchant in Naples. He travelled extensively by yacht with his family, and the book refers to events such as the British victory at Waterloo, an eruption of Mount Vesuvius and the entry of Garibaldi into Naples. The pioneering work of James Close’s son in America is also documented.

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College Gazette Higher Degrees, Diplomas and Certificates: Examination Results – Trinity Term 2010 BCL Brownsell, Elizabeth Criminology & Criminal Justice Joseph, Andrew Diploma in Legal Studies Frey, Harald DPhil Albin, Einat (Law) Banerjee, Abhishek (Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics) Campfield, Dorota (Educational Studies) Davies-Mostert, Harriet (Zoology) Dicapite, Joseph (Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics) Gelling, Merryl (Zoology) Grice, Stuart (Human Anatomy and Genetics) Harvey, Neale (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry) Hurairah,Huraini (Educational Studies) Linton, Danielle (Zoology) Park, Chang Sub (Engineering Science) Parker Jones, Oiwi (General Linguistics and Comparative Philology) Rantanen, Elina (Zoology) Russell, Benjamin (Archaeology) Trainor, Nuala (Engineering Science) Turilli, Matteo (Computer Science) Zeng, Lubin (Engineering Science) Magister Juris Mrdulyash, Tatiana

Medicine (Clinical) Khatib, Tasneem Patel, Ashish MPhil Behrendt, Hannah (Economics) Kruttli, Mathias (Economics) Popp, Emily (Economics) Colaco, Nita (Economics and Social History) Baker, David (English Studies (Medieval)) Pinnerup, Io (English Studies (Medieval)) Faber van der Meulen, Evert (Islamic Studies and History) Ahmed, Arzoo (Medieval Arabic Thought) Marsh, Katharine (Migration Studies) Wade, Imogen (Politics: Comparative Government) Ibsen, Malte (Politics: Political Theory) Keelmann, Vello (Russian and East European Studies) MSc African Studies   Duffy, Christopher Applied Statistics   Seah, Elise   Shum, Michelle Economics for Development   Bouaroudj, Vanessa   Karitter, Anselm Education: Child Development and Education   Khaled, Malak

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Education: E-learning   Baig, Ambreen   Xu, Yun Film Aesthetics   Puric, Biljana   Van den Bossche, Astrid Financial Economics   Agrawal, Khushbu Forced Migration   Rozkopalova, Lucia Mathematical and Computational Finance   Chen, Longyun   Couffignals, Eric   Kom Samo, Yves-Laurent   Perrigault, Marc   Zhao, Jason Mathematical Modelling and Scientific Computing   Joseph, Savina Modern Chinese Studies   Li, Zhuoxiang   McIntyre, Amy   Urbaneja-Furelos, David MSt Ancient Philosophy   Carroll, Michael English and American Studies   Hanwahr, Nils Global and Imperial History   Alam, Hanif Greek and/or Latin Languages and Literature   Bandini, Guja   Browning, Louise   Moughton, Laura

History of Art and Visual Culture   Chiu, Jasmine   Garnsey, Eliza Late Antique and Byzantine Studies   Yu, Alexander Modern British and European History   Cresswell, Alice Modern Languages   Pavlova, Maria   Wilewski, Sarah Theology   Morse, Holly US History   Toler, Lorianne PGCE (Masters) Altaf, Waqar Banyard, Thomas Hallam, Steven Jones, Rachel Keville, Phoebe Leech, Pamela Lloyd, Claire Maiden, Paul Milosevic, Ioan Sumner, Sarah Tranter, Stephanie Woffindin, Laura PGCE (Honours) Hutchison, Nancy Pole, Janet Postgraduate Diploma in Theology Chio, Owen

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Second Public Examination Results – Trinity Term 2010 Biochemistry Amos, Rachel Peachey, Rodina Smith, Hannah Biological Sciences Hewitt, Juliet Mackintosh, William Wright, Alison Chemistry Higgs , Nathalie Ho, Joey Reza, Andrew Wright, Emily Classical Archaeology and Ancient History Kent, Abigail Roper, Tom Classics and English Davis, Emma Wright, Rosanna Economics and Management Geake, James Vickers, Izzie Engineering Science Bajwa, Awais Feng, Jiejing Kaye, Alice Mohammad, Junaid Murray, John Yang, Mei Qi English Coakes, Amber Gartrell, Stephanie Harris, Sophie Komor, Jonathan Madeley, Harriet

Maughan, Philip Monk, Jon Singer, Lavinia Strauss, Richard Wilding, Joanna Williams, Sarah Young, Davy Experimental Psychology Douglas, Susannah Taylor Jones, Emma Fine Art McGregor, Jocelyn History Brown, Felicity Connell, Jenny Craig, Alasdair Dickson, Emma Hornsey, Mark Leeper, Jake Olsson, Josh O’Reilly, Sean Rea, Dominic Tan, Wen Li History and Politics Bowden, Katie Nicoll, Oliver Jurisprudence Dillon, Sarah Fraser, Alice Murphy, Jess Roy, Gareth Stroud, Jacob Literae Humaniores Barber, Helen Connery, Alexander Hardwick, Paul Lee, Gerard

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Mitha, Yasmin Pugh, Louise Stanley, Madeline Mathematics Beremski, Matei McCrickerd, Ryan Barham, Robert Chapman, Lloyd Lerigo, Carl Lupton, Richard Nakagawa, Reika Ooi, Simon Mathematics and Philosophy Little, Natasha Mathematics and Statistics Abraham, Sunil Law, Arthur Medicine (pre-clinical) Eckersley, Robert Mehta, Ravi Pan, Jiliu Modern History Valsan, Alina Modern Languages Cavanagh, James Clarke Price, Henry Clarke, Julia Gordon, Nat Richards, Rachel Williams, Freddie Modern Languages and Linguistics Burrows, Joe Ibbetson-Price, James Music Archer, James

Brady, Thomas Chambers, George Dumigan, Niall Foster, Adele Thompson, Ashley Philosophy and Modern Languages Wolf, David Philosophy and Theology Catchpole, Natalie Physics Jagger, Laura Baker, Theresa Mountain, James Spurr, Andrew Thompson, Daniel Physiological Sciences Booth, Sarah Choudhury, Sourav Fuller, Emma PPE Coombs, Jack Defaramond, Timothee Greener, Rachel Grogan, Michael Hacche, Bethan Holt, Charlie Parker, Adam Thoma, Johanna Tierney, Rory PPP (Physiology & Psychology) Cohen, Rafi Sava, Alastair Theology Hudson, Sophie Kapoor, Sophie Wyatt, Helen

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Matriculated 2010 Undergraduate courses Name School Subject Abelidis, Alexandra Withington Girls’ School, Manchester Modern Languages (4yr) Ahmed, Tauseef King Henry VIII School, Coventry Medicine (pre-clinical) Aitken-Burt, Laura Queen Elizabeth Girls’ School, Barnet Classical Arch. & Anc.   History Andrews, Harry King’s College School, Wimbledon History Arnull, Frances King Edward VI Camp Hill School, King’s Heath History and Modern   Languages (4yr) Axbey, Rosalind Kingston Grammar School Jurisprudence Balsdon, Tarryn Davidson High School, French’s Forest, Australia PPP (Psychology &   Philosophy) Barber, Alexander Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield PPE Barnes, George St Paul’s School, Barnes Classical Arch. & Anc. History Batley, Victoria Haberdashers’ Aske’s School for Girls, Elstree Theology Beeson, Jessica Tiffin Girls’ School, Kingston Upon Thames Biochemistry (MBiochem) Bennett, Hannah Peter Symonds College, Winchester History Binks, Artemis Benenden School, Kent Biological Sciences Buchanan, Lydia Haberdashers’ Aske’s School for Girls, Elstree Medicine (pre-clinical) Buys, Thomas Radley College, Abingdon History and Politics Chau, Annette On Yee Sha Tin College, Hong Kong PPE Cho, Sijung Sheffield High School Mathematics (4yr) (MMath) Clay, Andrew Exeter School Engineering Science (MEng) Copland, Kimberley Lymm High School Jurisprudence Crook, Natasha Nailsea School Literae Humaniores Dalcher, Andre Queen Elizabeth School, Barnet Physics (4yr) (MPhys) Dalgleish, Helen Henley College Literae Humaniores Darvill, Iain Imberhorne School, East Grinstead Experimental Psychology Davis, Claire Hills Road Sixth Form College, Cambridge Fine Art Davison, Harriet Bryanston School, Dorset English Davison, Oliver Leamington School Economics and Management Duong, Minh Trang Cambridge Tutors College, Croydon Mathematics and Statistics Durey, Matthew Dr Challoner’s Grammar School, Amersham Mathematics (3yr) Duval, Thomas Winchester College PPE Eggleston, Elizabeth Hills Road Sixth Form College, Cambridge Modern Languages (4yr) Evetts, Charlotte Madras College, St Andrews Biological Sciences Farkas, Violet Francis Holland School, London NW1 Chemistry (MChem) Gannon, Sarah The Blue Coat School, Liverpool Medicine (pre-clinical) Gilbert, Amanda The College of Richard Collyer, Horsham Physiological Sciences Goettemann, Justus Kronberg Gymnasium, Germany PPE Harnett, Jonathan Notre Dame High School, Norwich History Hinks, Emily King Edward VII High School, King’s Lynn Literae Humaniores Hoole, William Bishop Wordsworth School, Salisbury Engineering Science (MEng) Houston, Lloyd Sullivan Upper School, Holywood English Hudson, Natalie Sir William Perkins’s School, Chertsey History Hunt, James Cheltenham Bournside School English Hurford, Rosemary Clifton High School Modern Languages (4yr) Innes, Lauren Abbey School, Reading Biological Sciences Jackson, Colin Regis High School, New York PPE Jackson, Guy Notre Dame High School, Norwich Literae Humaniores Jones, Fiona Howard of Effingham School, Leatherhead Biological Sciences Jones, Michael Lymm High School History Kamil, Elynor St Paul’s Girls’ School, Hammersmith Chemistry (MChem) Khan, Marrium Baylis Court School, Slough English

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Kinsley, Sam Notre Dame High School, Norwich Mathematics (3yr) Le Brun, Maria Jersey College for Girls Music Lee, Miranda St Paul’s Girls’ School, Hammersmith Modern Languages (4yr) Lively, Jacob Magdalen College School, Oxford Music Lomax, James Oxford Brookes University Fine Art Lu, Xiaoyu Qingdao No. 2 Middle School,   People’s Republic of China Mathematics and Statistics Luckhurst, Helen The Latymer School, Edmonton Philosophy and Theology Majithia, Jai Christ’s Hospital, Horsham History McHugh, Jessamine City of London School for Girls Literae Humaniores Mehta, Anoushka Haberdashers’ Aske’s School for Girls, Elstree Chemistry (MChem) Merelie, Kathryn Alcester Grammar School Biological Sciences Milchmeyer, Laura United World College, Mostar, Bosnia and   Herzegovina History and Politics Millar, Kate Marlborough College Medicine (pre-clinical) Moran, James The Grange School, Northwich Mathematics (4yr) (MMath) Mroz, Gillian Henrietta Barnett School, London NW11 Modern Languages (4yr) Murray, Joanne Hills Road Sixth Form College, Cambridge Jurisprudence Neale, Elliot Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys Chemistry (MChem) Norman, Jessica Westminster School English Norris, David Perth Academy Music Oliver, Matthew Hereford Sixth Form College Physics (4yr) (MPhys) Olley, Helen Kingswood School, Bath English O’Neill, Daniel Runshaw College, Leyland Experimental Psychology Patel, Blake Greenhead College, Huddersfield Modern Languages (4yr) Patel, Jamie City of London School Medicine (pre-clinical) Payne, Benjamin Tiffin School, Kingston Upon Thames English Perkins, Russell Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT PPE Pobrotyn, Przemyslaw ILO im. Jedrzeja Sniadeckiego w Pabianicach, Poland Mathematics (3yr) Poerner, Nina Alexander-von-Humboldt-Schule, Neumuenster, Modern Languages &   Germany   Linguistics (4yr) Pollard, Georgina St Peter’s Catholic Comprehensive, Guildford Jurisprudence Pope, Emma Colyton Grammar School, Colyford Medicine (pre-clinical) Prassas, Nikolas Hampton School, Hampton English Raine, Elizabeth St Albans High School Chemistry (MChem) Rehnstrom, Johan ProCivitas Private Gymnasium, Halsingberg, Sweden Ancient and Modern History Rigby, Alexandra Wootton Bassett School Physics (4yr) (MPhys) Robinson, Alexander Bradfield College, Reading Philosophy and Theology Rogers, Keir Colchester Royal Grammar School Physics (4yr) (MPhys) Russell, Richard Whitgift School, Croydon PPE Sampson, Annie Strode College, Street English Sandeman, Michi St Paul’s School, Hammersmith Biological Sciences Sawhney, Kyle Burnham Grammar School Economics and Management Scott-Halkes, Joel Truro School English Shepherd, Mark Park House School, Newbury Engineering Science (MEng) Smith, Jonathan Bablake School, Coventry History and Politics Solomon, Guy Writhlington School, Bath History Soman, Jonathan Bury St Edmunds County Upper School Music Steele, Christopher Latymer Upper School, Hammersmith Mathematics (3yr) Stevenson, Anya Truro College Mathematics (3yr) Stonebanks, Alison Bacup & Rawtenstall Grammar School Jurisprudence with LSE Sutcliffe, Rachel Abbey School, Reading Physiological Sciences Tang, Ke Shenzhen College of International Education,   People’s Republic of China Physics (3yr) Thavisin, Napat Eton College PPE Thomas, Benjamin Stanborough School, Watford Jurisprudence with LSE Thomas, Bria Dame Alice Harpur School, Bedford Modern Languages (4yr)

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Thomlinson, Frederick King’s College School, Wimbledon Philosophy and Modern   Languages (4yr) Thompson, Anna Abbey School, Reading Engineering Science (MEng) Thompson, Natasha Brighton College English Tomlin, Jonathan St Paul’s School, Barnes Literae Humaniores Trotter, Annabelle Bancroft’s School, Woodford Green Ancient and Modern History Twemlow, Kathryn Nottingham High School for Girls Mathematics and Statistics Van Oosterom, Crystal Collingham College, London SW5 Economics and Management Walker, Alice Shrewsbury School Engineering Science (MEng) Wallace, Graeme Hutcheson’s Grammar School, Glasgow PPE Warby, Milo Alleyn’s School, Dulwich History Ward, Charlotte Farnborough Sixth Form College Biological Sciences Whight, Peter Prince William School, Oundle Chemistry (MChem) White, William Magdalen College School, Oxford History Wilkinson, Mark Dartford Grammar School Biochemistry (MBiochem) Willis, Olivia St Paul’s Girls’ School, Hammersmith Theology Wilson, Clare Durham Johnston School Biochemistry (MBiochem) Wysocki, Kimberley West Kirby Grammar School Modern Languages &   Linguistics (4yr) York, Rachel Yarm School, Stockton-on-Tees Chemistry (MChem) Yu, Ning King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford Biological Sciences

Visiting Students Name Home Institution Subject Aldermeshian, Laura American University, Washington, DC PPE Bedell, Megan Haverford College, Haverford, PA Physics Boyles, Katherine Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA Politics Chou, Andy University of California, San Diego, CA Economics Davis, Neil American University, Washington, DC Environmental Biology Decker, Melissa Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH Politics DuBois, Erin University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Ancient Archaeology Duncombe, Mitchell American University, Washington, DC PPE Esteves, Max Columbia University, New York, NY Economics Feld, Amalia Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA Politics Gillette, Robert American University, Washington, DC International Relations Gougelet, Robyn University of Maryland, College Park, MD History Greenberg, Jamie Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY Philosophy Guzzo, Mathilde Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon,   France Biochemistry (MBiochem) Hajj, Karim Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH Politics Holden, John Amherst College, Amherst, MA Economics Hubbard, Jesse American University, Washington, DC International Relations Jack, Christian Citadel Military College, Charleston, SC Economics Kao, Amy Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Management Studies Ke, Rundong Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY Finance Kim, Kyun Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY Economics Klages-Mundt, Ariah Amherst College, Amherst, MA Mathematics Light-Allenbach, Allison University of Redlands, Redlands, CA Economics Liu, Amia University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Management Studies Mestitz, Michael Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY Philosophy Novick, Abigail Haverford College, Haverford, PA Psychology Rao, Gautam Columbia University, New York, NY Economics Raza, Syed Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH Mathematics Silverblank, Hannah Haverford College, Haverford, PA Classics Smith, William George Washington University, Washington, DC Physics/Mathematics Tan, Shao Min Carleton College, Northfield, MN Physics/Mathematics

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Wiede, Bridget Williams, Christine Zaprutckaja, Anna

University of Richmond, Richmond, VA Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY University of Munich, Germany

History History/Theology Diploma in Legal Studies

Graduates Accepted for Courses 2010 Name Previous Education Subject Akel, Joseph University of Auckland, Australia History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Andrasova, Veronika University of Westminster, London Politics: European Politics &   Society (MPhil) Ansari, Oosman Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH MBA Appleton, Lucy Fitwilliam College, Cambridge PGCE Ashby, Brandon Santa Clara University, CA Philosophy (BPhil) Baker, Samantha The Open University, Milton Keynes PGCE Batchelor, Helen University of Sheffield Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics   (DPhil) Batrouney, Edward University of Melbourne, Australia Bachelor of Civil Law Batsukh, Javzan Mongolian State University of Education Education (Child Development   and Education) (MSc) Beale, John Imperial College, London Biochemistry (DPhil) Bodeux, Leila Free University of Brussels, Belgium African Studies (MSc) Bowden, Kate Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford History and Politics Bradbury, Huw Oxford Brookes University PGCE Braga, Davide University of Padua, Italy Particle Physics (Part Time)   (DPhil) Braidwood, Ruth University College, Oxford Evidence-Based Social Intervention   (MSc) Brooks, Britton Cardiff University English (650–1550) (MSt) Budge, Andrew Courtauld Institute of Art, London History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Burland, Jon University of Bristol PGCE Burningham, Sarah University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,   Canada Bachelor of Civil Law Campbell, Scott Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada Bachelor of Civil Law Capriati, Marinella Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Philosophy (BPhil) Chapman, Lloyd Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Life Science Interface (DPhil) Clark, Camilla The Open University, Milton Keynes History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Clennett, Katharine Bond University, Robina, Australia Law and Finance (MSc) Colville, William University of Nottingham Modern British and European   History (MSt) Cudworth, Troy Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL Oriental Studies (DPhil) Dalglish, Dominic Durham University Classical Archaeology (MSt) Danewid, Ida London School of Economics International Relations (MPhil) Davies, John Birkbeck College, University of London PGCE De, Sourovi University of Delhi, India Economics for Development (MSc) Do, Hyun-Sung Imperial College, London Modern Chinese Studies (MSc) Dogan, Vincent Leiden University, The Netherlands Diploma in Legal Studies Downs, Fabian Bangor University PGCE Frangou, Anna Kellogg College, Oxford Biodiversity, Conservation &   Management Fraser, Rachel St Edmund Hall, Oxford Philosophical Theology (MPhil) Furlong, Stephen Trinity College, Dublin English (1660-1830) (MSt) Gardiner, Hannah Louise London School of Economics Criminology & Criminal Justice Gascoigne, Catherine University of Sydney, Australia Bachelor of Civil Law Gillis, Sarah University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada African Studies (MSc)

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Handy, Charlotte Oxford Brookes University PGCE Hearn, Andrew Manchester Metropolitan University Zoology (DPhil) Hermann, Hans Martin University of Bayreuth, Germany Modern Chinese Studies (MSc) Hilder, Jennifer University College, London Greek and/or Roman History   (MPhil) Kassman, Oliver University of Sussex, Brighton English (1800–1914) (MSt) Kei, Wing Hong Kong Institute of Education Applied Linguistics & 2nd   Language Acquisition (MSc) Khidirova, Evgeniya Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich,   Germany Education (e-Learning) (MSc) Kilshaw, Kerry University of Leeds Zoology (DPhil) Kulak, Alicja London Metropolitan University Applied Linguistics & 2nd   Language Acquisition (MSc) Lam, Eva Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Education (DPhil) Landolt, Garrett McGill University, Montreal, Canada.  History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Leung, Liza Chui Shan University of British Columbia, Vancouver,   Canada Biomedical Engineering (MSc) Lin, Bo Nanjing University,   Peoples’ Republic of China Modern Chinese Studies (MSc) Line, Lucy Australian National University, Canberra Bachelor of Civil Law Lowe, Matthew Jesus College, Cambridge Economics for Development (MSc) Lupton, Richard Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Mathematics (DPhil) Malik, Nicola University of Leeds PGCE Mather, Jeremy University of Liverpool PGCE Matters, Sophie University of Bath Learning and Teaching (Part-Time)   (MSc) Mays, Hannah University of Exeter Medieval & Modern Languages   (MSt) Milburn-Curtis, Coral Director of Education at Online Learning   Partnerships Ltd Education (e-Learning) (MSc) Millington, Ruth Durham University History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Moore, Alastair University of Glasgow Bachelor of Civil Law Ng, Jia Tsing Multimedia University, Malaysia Biomedical Engineering (MSc) Noyes, Alexander Connecticut College, New London, CT African Studies (MSc) Nunes Mauricio, Isabela State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Juris (Magister) Olsson, Joshua Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Islamic Studies and History (MPhil) Pan, Jiliu Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (Clinical) (Medicine) Parr, Simon University of Nottingham Education (e-Learning) (MSc) Patchett, Fay College of Law, Birmingham PGCE Poh, Ming Yan Angela Marymount Manhattan College, New York, NY Modern Chinese Studies (MSc) Poortvliet, Marjolein University College Utrecht, The Netherlands General Linguistics & Comparative   Philology (MPhil) Qureshi, Muhammad Faisal Mediterranean University, Northern Cyprus MBA Radia, Bhaveet University College, London Education (e-Learning) (MSc) Ren, Yafei Imperial College, London Applied Statistics (MSc) Rowley, Thomas University of Sheffield Slavonic Studies (MSt) Ruhenstroth-Bauer,   Maximilian University of St Andrews Politics: European Politics &   Society (MPhil) Rumsey, James University of Kent PGCE Saguar Garcia, Amaranta Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Spain Spanish Philology Sati, Ankita Manipal Institute of Technology, India Pharmacology (MSc) Saumweber, Helena University of St Andrews Criminology & Criminal Justice   (MSc)

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Sayer, Miranda University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada History of Art & Visual Culture   (MSt) Schmidt, Katharina Isabel University of Cologne (Germany) and   University College, London Bachelor of Civil Law Sharma, Ishitaa University of Delhi, India Mathematical & Computational   Finance (MSc) Sheridan Breakwell, Suan University of Nottingham Modern British and European   History (MPhil) Shim, Amy Smith College, Northampton, MA MBA Simpson, James University of Adelaide MBA Skelly, Sinéad Trinity College, Dublin Criminology & Criminal Justice   (MSc) St John-Smith, Christopher The College of Law, Guildford Modern British and European   History (MSt) Sun, Michael University of California, Los Angeles, CA MBA Syed, Hasnain University of St Andrews Islamic Studies and History   (MPhil) Symonds, Isobel University College, London PGCE Thorpe, Emily May University of Bristol Classical Archaeology (MSt) Turing, John Lincoln College, Oxford History (DPhil) Uapipatanakul, Boontida Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Engineering Science (DPhil) Vaiglova, Petra University of British Columbia, Vancouver,   Canada Archaeology (MSc) Wang, Li University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Applied Statistics (MSc) Wang, Wei Peking University, Beijing,   Peoples’ Republic of China Sociology (MSc) White, Emellia University of Exeter PGCE Wilewski, Sarah University of Cologne, Germany Medieval & Modern Languages   (DPhil) Wilson, Sian Manchester Metropolitan University PGCE Woffindin, Laura University of Liverpool Learning and Teaching (Part-Time)   (MSc) Wong, Man Kuan Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Mathematical & Computational   Canada   Finance (MSc) Wylie, Kate Imperial College, London PGCE Yang, Ke University of Bristol Engineering Science (DPhil) Yee, Zhao Wei Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Mathematical & Computational   Finance (MSc) Zeng, Yue China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing,   Peoples’ Republic of China Pharmacology (MSc) Zhang, Yixiao China University of Science and Technology,   Hefei, Peoples’ Republic of China Education (Higher Education) (MSc) Zhou, Qian Beijing Foreign Studies University Applied Linguistics & 2nd   Language Acquisition (MSc) Zigmond, Joseph St Anne’s College, Oxford Film Aesthetics (MSt)

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Editor’s Notes The following is a reminder about Brown Book contributions. News items News forms can be downloaded from the alumni webpage. They should be sent by post or e-mail to the Development Office and will be passed on to the Editor. News need not be confined to what has happened over the past year; if you have not sent anything in for some time, the Editor welcomes a report of what you have been doing since you were last in contact, but requests that it is succinct. The Editor normally exercises only a light editorial hand on News items, but it may be necessary to shorten, for example, lengthy entries and details of children’s careers. Articles Planning for articles starts almost before the previous Brown Book is sent out. Ideas may emerge from a number of sources: the LMHA Committee (which has formal responsibility for the editorial function), the College, the Gaudy talks, or discussions with Senior Members. Suggestions for the sort of items you would like, or would like more of, should be sent to the Editor or the Articles Editor. Reviews of publications Potential publications for review are usually identified by books being sent to the Reviews Editor, or from the News forms or press notices; the publisher/author will be asked to provide a review copy. The Reviews Editor has discretion over the selection of a reviewer, and advises the potential reviewer on the format for the copy, word length and deadline. Word length is determined by the nature of the publication, the appropriate balance within the review section and the amount of space available. Some publications submitted for review may be given short notices or listed as ‘Publications Received’. Publications for review in The Brown Book should be with the Reviews Editor by the end of the previous October at the latest.

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Obituaries Obituaries are normally written by another Senior Member, or in some cases by family members. Obituary requests are sometimes made by another Senior Member or by the family, in these cases the Obituaries Editor would appreciate suggestions for a writer. The Obituaries Editor advises on format and length. As an alternative to a full obituary, we may include a short obituary notice, using material from The Register or available from College records with, where possible, some comments of a more personal nature. Editor

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Notices from LMH Conferment of Degrees The Development Office handles the administration of all degrees. Please contact Maya Evans in the Development Office, telephone 01865 274362 or e-mail [email protected]. Full details, including dates of degree congregations, are on the alumni section of the website: www.lmh.ox.ac.uk. Alumni holding BA degrees become eligible to take their MA in Trinity 21 terms from their term of matriculation. A fee (currently £15) is payable. ‘The University limits the numbers of graduands whom Colleges may present at any one Sheldonian degree congregation. As a result we have instituted a ceremony at LMH at which the Dean of Degrees presents MA certificates for degrees previously conferred in absentia. The ceremony is followed by a reception in College and is an excellent opportunity to reunite with colleagues back at LMH. The next ceremony/reception is on the afternoon of Saturday 12 November 2011 and will be for those who matriculated in 2004. You need to register for the degree by 3 October. Contact the Development Office for details or book on the website. Those who do not wish to take their MA are still very welcome as spectators at the ceremony, and at the reception afterwards. As of March 2011, two brand new ceremonies have been created in the Degree Congregation calendar partly to provide places to graduate alumni in person for the MA. These are on 14 October 2011 and 12 May 2012. Please contact Maya Evans if you would be interested in either one of these. It is likely that they will not be repeated in the future. Degree Transcripts If you matriculated before Michaelmas Term 2007, you can order an official academic transcript from the Senior Tutor’s Office. Please email [email protected] allowing three weeks for processing. If you matriculated in, or after, 2007 please use your Student Self Service account. For Degree Confirmation Letters, please e-mail the Degree Conferrals Office in the Examination Schools: degree.conferrals@ad125

min.ox.ac.uk. Copies of Degree Certificates are no longer issued by the Degree Conferrals Office, only replacement certificates. 2011 Gaudy and LMHA Annual General Meeting There will be a Gaudy and Garden Party over the weekend of 2–3 July 2011. On the Saturday there will be the Gaudy Dinner for those who matriculated in 1961 and earlier, including the 50th anniversary of the 1961 year and the 40th anniversary of graduation for those who matriculated in 1948. On the Sunday there will be a programme open to all alumni, with lectures, seminars and exhibitions, as well as an excellent buffet lunch. Members of the 1971 matriculation year are warmly invited to celebrate their 40th anniversary over lunch in the Pipe Partridge Building. The LMHA Annual General Meeting will be held in the afternoon of 3 July immediately before the Garden Party. Details of the weekend’s events and booking forms have already been sent to those eligible for the Gaudy Dinner. These are also enclosed with this Brown Book, as is the booking form for the Sunday for those not in the Gaudy dinner cohort. You may also book on the website, www. lmh.ox.ac.uk.

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Dining in College The Senior Common Room of Lady Margaret Hall is pleased to invite alumni to dine at High Table at a Guest Night once in each term at their own expense. Alumni may also bring a guest. These arrangements will be reviewed after a trial period and if successful will be made permanent.   Each Tuesday in term is alternately a Guest Night (3 courses) or a Special Guest Night (4 courses plus dessert), as is each Friday. A list of Guest Nights and Special Guest Nights will be available on the LMH website at www.lmh.ox.ac.uk, or you can telephone the Development Office (01865 274362) to confirm dates. If you would like to dine, please fill in the form below. Name (inc. preferred title) ............................................................................................ Matric. Year ............... Surname at LMH (if different from above) .............................. Address ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Email ......................................................... Telephone ............................................... Date you wish to dine ................ Dietary requirements .............................................. Guest’s name (including title) ...................................................................................... Guest’s dietary requirements ....................................................................................... Dinners will be charged at cost. In 2011–12 Guest Nights are £19.80 per person (inc VAT) and Special Guest Nights are £21.00 (inc VAT). Wine is additional and varies in prices according to the wines served. (A guide is approximately £8–£15 per person). Dessert is also additional and costs £3.90 (inc VAT). You will be invoiced for the exact amount after the event.   Please return this form to the Development Office, LMH, Norham Gardens, Oxford OX2 6QA not less than one week before your proposed visit. The Development Director will act as your SCR host or arrange an appropriate alternative host. If the dinner is already full, we will let you know.   Senior Members may also book SCR guest rooms, subject to availability. The 2010– 11 charges for these are £39.36 for single occupancy and £58.74 for double occupancy. To confirm availability and to book a guest room please telephone Miss Gemma Sedgwick in the Conference Office on 01865 274320 or email [email protected].   Please note that charges may change during the year, and will be amended on the website as necessary.

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Lady Margaret Hall Oxford OX2 6QA Tel: +44 (0)1865 274362 Email: [email protected] www.lmh.ox.ac.uk

LMH

Lady Margaret Hall