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CITATION OF SOURCES AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) CITATION STYLE Sufy Rabea Adawiya Idris Faculty of Information Management UiTM Negeri Sembilan Rembau Campus
Topic Information This topic is an introduction and overview of citation of sources that students used in their academic purposes, such as, for assignments, project, etc. It focus on how to cite using APA Citation style. Students can gain in the knowledge in citing resources correctly and how to avoid plagiarism.
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What is citation? The importance of citation Copyright & plagiarism How to avoid plagiarism Style of Citations (APA, MLA, Chicago etc) APA Citation
Topic Outcomes At the end of the topic, students should be able to: ✓ ✓
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understand the concept of citation & plagiarism cite various resources using APA Citation Style
Citation
Within the text (in-text citation) – Example (APA Style) An in-text reference comprises author surname/s, and the publication date of the source (in brackets), within the body of the essay or report. It is inserted directly after the information being sourced from the scientific literature. The complete reference list is placed at the end of the text in alphabetical order.
At the bottom of the page (footnotes)– Example (APA Style) A number is placed in the text which refers to the footnote at the bottom of the page. The footnote also contains information about the author and the year of publication. The complete reference list is placed at the end of the text in alphabetical order.
Number in text / article
Footnote at the bottom of the page
Complete reference at the end of paper (Endnotes)
At the of the paper (endnotes)– Example (APA Style)
Plagiarism is not merely copying someone else’s word-for-word. Four basic forms of plagiarism: 1. Exact: Copying a source word-for-word with no credit given to the creator 1. Borrowing: Turning in a paper that someone else has written 2. Unclear: Lack of indicating where the borrowing begins and ends. 3. Medley: Copying of a resource using a few words here and there and not providing credit to the creator
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Be aware of what plagiarism entails (it’s a crime) Allow your time to write the paper – do not procrastinate Make certain that all research assignments are absolutely clear. Sharpen your time management and planning skills Learn effective research and writing skills Use a variety of resources for your research Take notes when conducting research, writing down the full source of information Conduct research using critical-thinking and problem-solving skills-moving away from the “cut and paste” mode of research Write drafts and make copies of research materials Cite your sources- if you are unsure, cite them anyway! Include an annotated bibliography with your research paper
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Use current references if your topic requires recent information Include bibliography cards, note cards, photocopies of sources, and outlines with your final paper Be confident in what you write- research it, study it, and reflect on it. Do not succumb to pressures from peers or others Take pride in your work Get help if you are confused or uncertain Remember that you would not want someone else to “borrow” your work without giving you proper credit
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Paraphrase Restate the information in your own words Does not require that you use quotation marks, but it does require proper citation Summarize Similar to paraphrase, but it is shorter and even closer to your own words. Proper citation is require Quote May copy word-for-word, but this requires quotation marks and proper citation
Commonly used styles a) b) c)
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American Psychological Association (APA) Modern Language Association (MLA) Harvard Style of Citation Chicago Citation Style
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) CITATION
6th Edition
BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR Format: Author. (Year). Title of book : Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Grainger, A. (1993). Controlling tropical deforestation. London: Earthscan. Asmah Haji Omar. (1991). Kemahiran berbahasa. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Pustaka Antara.
BOOKS WITH TWO - SIX AUTHORS Format: Author 1, Author 2, & Last Author. (Year). Title of book : Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Folse, K. S., Stout, C. E., & Climent, J. (2013). The psychology of terrorism. London: Earthscan.
MORE THAN SIX AUTHORS Format: First author until sixth author, … final author’s name. (Year). Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Lofland, L., Moore, M. H., Estrich, S., McGillis, D., Spelman, W., Parker, K., ... Sutton, A. L. (1999). The new criminology: For a social theory of deviance. New York: Harper & Row.
BOOKS WITH NO AUTHOR Format: Title of book : Subtitle. (Year). Place of Publication: Publisher. Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Geological field trips in southern British Columbia. (2003). Vancouver, BC: Geological Association of Canada.
CORPORATE BODIES AS AUTHORS Format: Corporate author. (Year). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher. If Government bodies, start with the country or the state.
Malaysia. Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Alam Sekitar. (1990). Industrial technology development: A national plan of action. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Alam Sekitar. Unesco. (1993). Worldwide action in education. Paris: Unesco.
MORE THAN FIRST EDITION Format: Author. (Year). Title of book. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Carlton, D. W., & Perloff, J. M. (1994). Modern industrial organization. (2nd ed.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers. Walker, A. (1993). Pengurusan projek binaan. (Edisi Ke- 2.). Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
EDITED BOOKS Format: Editor. (Ed./Eds.). (Year). Title. Place of publication: Publisher. Freeman, H. M. (Ed.). (1990). Hazardous waste minimization. New York: McGraw-Hill. Annuar Abdul Razak, & Abu Bakar Abdul Majid. (Eds.). (1997). Islam, science and technology. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia.
CHAPTER FROM BOOKS Format: Writer of the chapter. (Year). Title of the chapter. In Name of the editor. (Ed./Eds.), Title of the book. (pages of the chapter). Place of publication: Publisher. Damodararao, T., & Sastry, C. A. (1996). Water extraction from sea water acquifer. In C. A. Sastry (Ed.), Water treatment plants (pp. 437-444). New Delhi: Narosa Publishing House. Chieffi, G., & Pierantoni, R. (1987). Regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis. In D. O. Norris & R. E. Jones (Eds.), Hormones and reproduction in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles (pp. 117-144). New York: Plenum Press.
JOURNAL ARTICLE (PRINTED , *DOI not available) Format: Writer of the article. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume (issue/no.), page. Chu, K. H., & Mohd Ali Hashim. (1995). Simulated counter-current adsorption processes: A comparison of modeling strategies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 56, 59-65. Brown, R. G. W. (1985). Laser fibre optics in biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 3 (8), 200-203.
JOURNAL ARTICLE (Electronically, *DOI Available) Format: Writer of the article. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume (issue/no.), page. doi number Chao, S., Chen, C. T., & Clark, M. J. (2008). Meet the real elders: reminiscene links past and present. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17 (19), 234-243. doi: 10.111/j1365-2702.2008.02341.x
JOURNAL ARTICLE (Website, *DOI not available) Format: Writer of the article. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume (issue/no.). URL Chao, S., Chen, C. T., & Clark, M. J. (2008). Meet the real elders: reminiscene links past and present. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17 (19), 24-29. Retrieved from http://www.vjolt.net/archives.php
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (printed) Format: Writer of the article. (Year, month day). Title of the article. Title of the newspaper, page.
Wan Hasnan Hasan. (1998, September 24). JPS baiki aliran sungai elak banjir. Utusan Malaysia, p. 11.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (Online) Format: Writer of the article. (Year, month day). Title of the article. Title of the newspaper, page (if avalibale). URL
Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com
PUBLISHED CONFERENCE PAPER Format: Writer of the paper. (Year). Title of the paper. In Editor of the proceeding (Ed./Eds.), Title of the proceeding (page). Place of publication: Publisher. Jaynes, E. T. (1985). Microscopic prediction. In H. Hanken (Ed.) Complex systems, operational approaches in neurobiology, physics, and computers: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Synergetics at Schloss Elmau, Bavaria, May 6-11, 1985, (pp. 254-269). Berlin: Springer – Verlag.
UNPUBLISHED CONFERENCE PAPER Format: Writer of the paper. (Year, month). Title of the paper. Paper presented at / kertaskerja dibentangkan dalam name of the conference, place. Mohd Amin Mohd Som, Ahmad Jusoh, & Abang Abdullah Abang Ali. (1992, September). Perancangan sumber air untuk kesejahteraan sejagat. Kertaskerja dibentangkan dalam Seminar Perancangan Sumber Air, Skudai, Johor.
THESIS / DISSERTATION Format: Author. (Year). Title. Unpublished master’s thesis / doctoral dissertation, name of the university, place.
Safiah Abdullah. (1996). The community structure of fish and prawns in small mangrove creeks in Sungai Sementa Kecil, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
JOURNAL ARTICLE THROUGH INTERNET Format: Author. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Journal, Volume (issue / no), page. Retrieved month date, year from URL address. Bauer, F. (1997). Selenium and soils in Western United States. The Electronic Green Journal, 7, 3-10. Retrieved October 25, 1999 from http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj07/bauer.htm
THESIS / DISSERTATION Format: Author. “Title.” Diss. Name of the university, Year. Medium of Publication.
Safiah Abdullah. “The Community Structure of Fish and Prawns in Small Mangrove Creeks in Sungai Sementa Kecil, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. “ Diss. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,1996. Print.
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