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საქ. ისტორია 10 მასწავლებელის წიგნი (ნაწყვეტი) Flipbook PDF

საქ. ისტორია 10 მასწავლებელის წიგნი (ნაწყვეტი)

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ავტორი

ნიკოლოზ გურგენიძე საავტორო ჯგუფი გიორგი უგულავა ირაკლი ფერაძე პაპუნა კაციტაძე

საქართველოს

10 ისტორია

ნაწილი I

მასწავლებლის წიგნი

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2022 wels.

saqarTvelos istoria 10 maswavleblis wigni - nawili I avtori nikoloz gurgeniZe saavtoro jgufi: giorgi ugulava, irakli feraZe, papuna kacitaZe redaqtori nino gogalaZe dizaineri ia maxaTaZe teqnikuri dizaineri giorgi lomsaZe pirveli gamocema, 2022 © sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2022 yvela ufleba daculia. Sps `sulakauris gamomcemloba~ misamarTi: daviT aRmaSeneblis 150, Tbilisi 0112 tel.: 291 09 54, 291 11 65 elfosta: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-37-056-4 History of Georgia 10 Teacher’s Book - Part I © Sulakauri Publishing, 2022 All rights reserved. Tbilisi, Georgia www.sulakauri.ge

sarCevi struqtura........................................................................................................................................ 5 saSualo safexuris standarti ................................................................................................ 13 Temis mkvidri warmodgenebi....................................................................................................... 33 cnebebi ............................................................................................................................................. 38 moswavlis Sefasebis sistemebi.................................................................................................. 41 swavla – swavlebis strategiebi............................................................................................... 52 Tematuri matricebi..................................................................................................................... 65 avtoris komentarebi.................................................................................................................... 97

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struqtura saxelmZRvanelos mTavari funqciaa, srulad moergos mesame Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis miznebs da xeli Seuwyos saskolo sazogadoebas am miznebis danergvaSi. Tavisi arsiT igi ufro metad warmoadgens resurss, romelic maswavlebelma Tavisi Sexedulebis, miznebis, gamowvevebisa da profesiuli kompetenciebis Sesabamisad SeiZleba mravalgvarad gamoiyenos, vidre myar dokuments, romelic maswavlebels samuSao procesSi lavirebis saSualebas ar aZlevs. am mxriv, saxelmZRvanelo pasuxobs or ZiriTad gamowvevas, romlis winaSec saskolo muSaobis procesSi saskolo sazogadoeba dgas: erTi mxriv, is siRr­ miseulad amuSavebs Sesaswavl sakiTxs, warmoadgens mas sxvadasxva perspeqtividan; aqcents akeTebs mizezSedegobriv sakiT­ xebze, raTa moswavles TiToeul istoriul movlenaze, processa da Temaze msjelobis dros hqondes pasuxi kiTxvebze, Tu ratom da rogor moxda es movlena; Semoaqvs saSualo safexurisTvis Sesaferisi kvleviTi, msjelobiTi da analitikuri diskursi da qronologiur istoriul perspeqtivasTan erTad, movlenebs Tematuri istoriuli perspeqtividanac amuSavebs. misi mizania, rom muSaobis procesSi srulad da siRrmiseulad moicvas dasamuSavebeli sakiTxebi ise, rom minimalurad gaCndes damatebiTi resursebis gamoyenebis saWi­ roeba. am mxriv, is amomwuravi resursia aramxolod moswavlisTvis, aramed maswavleblisTvisac, radgan miznad isaxavs, rom man sruli, multiwaxnagovani, amomwuravi da siRrmiseuli damuSaveba SesTavazos maswavlebels gakveTilis momzadebis procesSi ise, rom minimalurad Seqmnas sxva, damatebiTi resursis gamoyenebis aucilebloba.

meore mxriv, misi struqturuli moqniloba, rasac detalurad qvemoT ganvixilavT, saskolo sazogadoebas daexmareba, rom kargad moargos igi TiToeuli skolis, maswavleblis Tu klasis realobasa da gamowvevebs, raTa Tavidan acilebul iqnes droiTi deficitis fonze masalis ver – an siRrmiseulad verdamuSavebis riskebi. igi dasamuSavebeli sakiTxis Sesaxeb sTavazobs ramdenimeSrian informacias, romelic sakiTxs amuSavebs aucilebel-sabaziso, CaRrmavebul da kvleviT-samecniero doneze, rac maswavlebels saSualebas miscems saskolo kurikulumis miznebisa da prioritetebis, misi piradi profesiuli kompetenciebisa da xedvebis da klasis saWi­ roebebisa da gamowvevebis mixedviT, gansazRvros TiToeuli Sesaswavli sakiTxis Sesabamis donesa da siRrmeze damuSaveba. saxelmZRvanelo qmnis SesaZleblobas (da ara aucileblobas), xolo maswavlebeli moswavlis saWiroebebis mixedviT zemoT aRniSnuli faqtorebis mixedviT irCevs, Tu ra masStabiT da ra siRrmeze SeiZleba damuSavdes TiToeuli sakiTxi. jamSi, saxelmZRvanelos damuSavebis Sedegi unda iyos siRrmiseuli, saSualo safexuris saWiroebebze morgebuli, Tvisob­rivad axali tipis codnis miReba, romelic moswavles xels Seuwyobs kargad, sxvadasxva perspeqtividan gaiazros istoriuli procesi da aRiqvas igi cocxal, dina­mikur da aqtualur procesad, romelic ar kargavs kavSirs TanamedroveobasTan da istoriul process warmoadgens uwyvet, ganviTarebad jaWvad, romelic organulad akavSirebs sxvadasxva istoriul epoqas, maT Soris Tanamedroveobas. am kuT­xiT, misi Sedegi unda iyos sabazo safexurze ukve miRebuli codnis axali perspeqti­ vidan gaaqtiureba, misi gamWoli, cnebebis

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TvalTaxedviT damuSaveba da maT mimarT kvleviTi, analitikuri da SemoqmedebiTi damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba. calke unda gamoiyos is faqtori, rom, erTi mxriv, saxelmZRvanelos meTodologiuri da struqturuli nawili srulad Seesa­ bameba da iTvaliswinebs uaxlesi evropuli da amerikuli saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocdilebas, xolo, meore mxriv, masSi gaTva­ liswinebulia qarTuli da dasavluri uaxlesi kvlevebis Sedegebi. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba samecniero da kvleviTi diskursis Semotanaze swavlebis procesSi. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba sxvadasxva istoriuli problematikis Tanamedrove konteqstSi ganxilvaze, raTa moswavlem samyaros istoriuli ganviTarebis uwyvetoba da am dargis aqtualuroba aRiqvas, amave dros mivides im warmodgenamde, rom TanamedroveobisTvis aqtualuri problemebi, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, SeuzRudavi Zalauflebis riskebi, buneb­rivi kataklizmebis mier gamowveuli krizisebi da teqnologiebis gavlena sazogadoebis progresze upirveles yovlisa swored istoriul konteqstSi unda iqnas aRqmuli da Seswavlili. saxelmZRvanelo Sedgeba sami damoukidebeli struqturuli erTeulisgan – moswavlis wigni, maswavleblis wigni da moswavlis rveuli. Tavis mxriv, moswavlis wigni gayofi­lia or ZiriTad Temad, or ZiriTad nawilad – 1. qvis da brinjaos xana 2. antikuri epoqa. TiToeuli Tema dayofilia Tavebad. Tavebad dayofis principi iTvaliswinebs erTi Tavis farglebSi erTi, mTliani istoriuli periodisa da qveperiodis moqcevas, raTa masSi damuSavebuli masala damoukidebel, struqturul da Sinaarsobriv erTeuls qmnides. pirvel TemaSi gamoyofilia ori

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Tavi: preistoriuli saqarTvelo da eneoliTisa da brinjaos xanis saqarTvelo. xolo meore TemaSi gamoyofilia sami Tavi: antikuri saqarTvelo berZnul samyarosa da aqemenidur sparseTs Soris, qarTlis samefos Seqmna da ganviTareba da qarTlis samefo kavkasiis lideris rolSi – ax. w. I-II saukuneebi. Tavis mxriv, TiToeuli Tavi Sedgeba paragrafebisgan. erT TavSi sul mcire oTxi, yvelaze meti – xuTi paragrafi SeiZleba iyos. TiToeuli Tavi calke, damoukidebeli struqturuli da Sinaarsobrivi erTeulia. Tavs yovelTvis xsnis kompleqsuri davaleba, raTa moswavle pirvel etapzeve gaecnos Sesasrulebel davalebas da SemdgomSi saswavlo procesi am davalebaze orientirebulad, misi moTxovnebisa Tu specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT warimarTos (amaSi mas moswavlis rveulSi mocemuli mravalferovani masala da aqtivobebic daexmareba). saerTo jamSi xuTi Tavis farglebSi xuTi kompleqsuri davalebaa mocemuli, rac maswavlebels, erTi mxriv, saSualebas aZlevs, rom mTeli swavleba kompleqsuri davalebebis Sesruleba-ganxorcielebis procesSi warmarTos da TiToeuli dasamuSavebeli sakiTxi Tu paragrafi am process moargos. meore mxriv ki, mas saSualeba aqvs, airCios misTvis sasurveli erTi an ramdenime davaleba, xolo saskolo masalis danarCeni nawili damoukideblad daamuSaos. saxelmZRvanelos struqtura mas orivenairad moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevs. TiToeuli Tavi ixsneba Sesavali nawi­ liT, romelic zemoxsenebuli kompleqsuri davalebis garda mokle anotaciis stilSi dawerili epoqis mcire mimoxilviT, e.w. Ta­vis wardgeniTa da yvelaze mniSvnelovani da sakvanZo TariRebis CamonaTvaliT iwye-

ba. iqvea gansazRvruli cnebebi, romlebic kompleqsuri davalebis meSveobiT muSavdeba. Cveulebriv, TiToeul TavSi ori cnebaa gamoyofili. calke aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeul Tavs damatebiT Tan axlavs videokontenti, rogorc resursi, romelic moswavles saSualebas aZlevs, Strixkodis gaaqtiurebiT, „smartfonis“ meSveobiT damatebiTi informacia miiRos Tavis farglebSi damuSavebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom calkea gamoyofili e.w. Tavis daxurva – misi Semajamebeli nawili, romelic TiToeuli Tavis bolos aris ganTavsebuli. igi TavSi ganxilul ma­salas analitikuri aqtivobebis meSveobiT kidev erTxel axsenebs da amuSavebinebs da iqve, Tematur seqciebSi, moswavles sTavazobs damatebiT sakiTxav mxatvrul, Tu aramxatvrul literaturas, dokumentur da m­ xatvrul filmebs, serialebs a.S. am gziT moswavles vTavazobT, literaturisa da popkulturis meSveobiT misTvis sain­tereso sakiTxebis Sesaxeb Tavisive iniciativiT damatebiTi informacia miiRos da, amave dros, xazs vusvamT istoriis aqtualurobas da mis bmas Tanamedrove samyarosTan. TiToeuli paragrafi sami ZiriTadi komponentis – cnebis, qronologiuri istoriuli sakiTxisa da Tematuri istoriuli sakiTxis erTobliobas warmoadgens. samive (cneba, qronologiuri sakiTxi da Tematuri sakiTxi) imgvarad aris SerCeuli, rom erTmaneTTan organuli dakavSirebis gziT erTi Sinaarsobrivi da informaciuli mTlianoba Seqmnas da moswavles daexmaros, sakiTxi mravali sxvadasxva perspeqtividan daamuSaos. saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT sakiTxis kargad damuSaveba niSnavs misi cnebebis, aseve CamaRrmavebeli Tematuri (mag.

socialuri istoriis sakiTxebi) perspeqtividan Seswavlas, raTa moswavlem saSualo safexurze amomwuravi, mravalprofiluri codna miiRos da Camouyalibdes sakiTxis analitikuri aRqma, dafuZnebuli codnis agebis konstruqtivistul principebze. uSualod paragrafi iwyeba sakvanZo SekiTxviT (romlis damuSavebac sagakveTilo procesis mTavari laitmotivi unda iyos) da cnebebiT. gamoyofilia ori cneba, romelsac paragrafi amuSavebs. cnebebi imgvarad aris dajgufebuli, rom moswavles TiToeuli istoriuli epoqis farglebSi SeeZlos, es epoqa eqvsive ZiriTadi cnebis (dro, sivrce, wyaro, Zalaufleba, sazogadoeba, istoriuli movlena/procesi) perspeqtividan daamuSaos. is cnebebi, romlebic kompleqsur davalebaSia gamo­ tanili, aqcentirebulad da siRrmiseulad muSavdeba. Tuki, maga­liTad, kompleqsuri davalebis farglebSi muSavdeba Zalaufleba da sazogadoeba, moswavle konkretuli Temis farglebSi eqvsive cnebas daamuSavebs, Tumca Zalauflebas da sazogadoebas paragrafebSi ufro xSirad Sexvdeba. paragrafs dasawyisSive axlavs calke gamoyofili mokle anotacia, romelic moswavles daexmareba, naTlad warmoidginos dasamuSavebeli sakiTxi, gaigos misi mniSv­neloba da winare codnis gaaqtiureba-­ gaxsenebis gziT Camouyalibdes Tanmimdevruli codna. anotaciis nawili wina­ pirobas qmnis axali masalis dasamuSaveblad. paragrafs iqve, Sesaval nawilSive mohyveba Sesabamisi epoqis mniSvnelovani figuris mier an konkretuli periodis aRmweri gamo­naTqvami, citata romelic, erTi mxriv, amravalferovnebs masalas, axdens mis aqtua­lizacias da acnobs moswavleebs sxvadasxva mniSvnelovan istoriul personas, meore mxriv, ki is mokle, kompaqturi gzavni-

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lis saxiT ganasaxierebs mTeli paragrafis ZiriTad ideas da organulad ukavSirdeba dasamuSavebel masalas. TiToeul paragrafSi gamoyo­filia Ziri­ Tadi da damxmare teqsti (calke struq­ turuli erTeulebis e.w. CanarTi, `es sainteresoa~-s saxiT) da masala diferencirebuli saxiT aris miwodebuli. ZiriTadi teqsti damxmare teqstis gareSec qmnis erTian, mTlian da logikurad gamarTul narativs, Tumca CanarTebis meSveobiT ma­sala siRr­ miseulad muSavdeba da moswavles damatebiTi informacia miewodeba ZiriTad teqstSi gaaqtiurebuli sakiTxebis Sesa­xeb. amgvari CanarTebiT Tavidan aridebulia teqstis gadatvirTva, maT Soris, terminebiT, TariRebiTa da sxva specifikuri masaliT, amave dros, moswavles saSualeba aqvs, amomwuravi da ufro siRrmiseuli codna miiRos. rubrikas – „es sainteresoa“ – ufro metad damatebiTi informaciis xasiaTi aqvs, romelic, sxvadasxva saintereso da dasamaxsovrebeli detalebis SeTavazebiT, moswavlisTvis dasamuSavebeli informaciis gacocxlebas da aqtualizacias isaxavs miznad. TiToeul paragrafs damatebiT, danarTis saxiT mihyveba socialuri istoriis Temebi, romlebic organulad ukavSirdeba ZiriTad dasamuSavebel sakiTxebs da exmareba moswavles, erTi mxriv, siRrmiseulad gaigos paragrafis masala, gansxvavebuli perspeqtiviT aRiqvas sakiTxi da, amave dros, istoria dainaxos aramxolod samxedro da politikuri istoriis perspeqtividan, aramed gaecnos yoveldRiur yofas da mravalferovan, yofacxovrebiseul detalebs. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom am tipis istoriul narativze sabazo safexurze aqcenti naklebad keTdeba da es saSualebs gvaZlevs, saSualo safe­ xurze swavleba axal simaRleze aviyvanoT

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da axleburi perspeqtiviT mivawodoT moswavleebs. aqtivobebi CaSlilia teqstis ZiriTad nawilSi, rac gvexmareba, rom sakiTxebi uSualod sagakveTilo procesSi damuSavdes. bunebrivia, aqtivobebi Sedgenilia sakiTxis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare. magram TiToeuli aqtivoba, iqneba es diskusia, msje­loba, rukaze muSaoba, kognituri diagramis Sevseba Tu wyaros damuSaveba, ramdenime mizans emsaxureba: moswavlem gai­­a­ z­ros saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli informacia da gauadvildes miRebuli codnis deklaraciulidan pirobiseul codnad qceva. bunebrivia, amgvari Sedegi nabij-nabij, nacnobidan ucnobisaken svlis principiT miiRweva da saxelmZRvanelos aqtivobebic, iseve rogorc mTliani teqstebi, am principebs emyareba. rac Seexeba moswavlis rveulsa da maswavleblis wigns, isini damoukidebel erTeulebs warmoadgenen, Tumca ara – saxelmZRvanelos ubralo danamats. piriqiT, Cveni koncefciis mixedviT, TiToeuli maTgani mTelis nawilia da yve­las Tavisi Sesabamisi funqcia da datvirTva aqvs. moswavlis rveulSi ori tipis aqtivobebia Tavmoyrili: erTia moswavlis wignSi gabneuli weriTi davalebebi, romelzec moswavlem paragrafis ganmavlobaSi unda imuSaos. am davalebebze klasSi muSaoba sagakveTilo process ufro datvirTulsa da sainteresod aqcevs, xolo saSinao davalebebad maTi Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiT damxmare instrumentad gadaiqceva moswavleebisaTvis axali masalis aTvisebis procesSi. rveulis meore nawili mihyveba maswavleblis wignSi ganTavsebul kompleqsur davalebebs da mis aqtivobebs. weriTi davalebebi, diag­ ramebi, wyaros analizi da damatebiTi bmulebi moswavles exmareba, iolad Seasrulos

kompleqsuri davaleba sxvadasxva aqtivobis damuSavebis gziT. rveulis bolos sxva sasargeblo bmulebicaa mocemuli, romlebic moswavleebs saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesaswavli epoqis Sesabamis damatebiT internetresursebs miawvdis. maswavleblis wigni gamiznulia, rogorc damxmare resursi pedagogebisaTvis, raTa maT ukeT SeZlon me­same Taobis erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da wliuri programebis mixedviT swavla-swavlebis principebis danergva. maswavleblis wignSi Cadebulia am miznebis gasacnobad saWiro aucilebeli dokumentebi: saSualo safexuris stan­dartSi Sinaarsobrivad dalagebuli sakiT­xebis CamonaTvalTan erTad mka­fiodaa Camo­yalibebuli TiToeuli Temis Sedegebis miRwevis indikatorebi. isini gansazRvravs, Tu ra unda Sefasdes swavla-­swavlebis procesSi. indikatorebi dajgufebulia samizne cnebebis mixedviT. mas mosdevs Tematuri mkvidri warmodge­nebi. TemasTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgenebis funqciaa, moswavles warmodgena Seuqmnas Sesaswavli Temis konturebze. Sesabamisad, maswavleblisTvisac ioli iqneba misaRwevi orientirebis gamokveTa ama Tu im sakiTxTan mimarTebiT. mas mosdevs sagnobrivi samizne cnebebi da moswavlis Sefasebis sistemebi. rogorc ganmsazRvreli, aseve SOLO taqsonomiaze damyarebuli ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba. konkretul istoriul sakiTxze dafuZnebuli yvela donis Sefasebis nimuSiT warmodgenili ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis instrumenti, vfiqrobT, pedagogTaTvis ufro gasagebsa da aRqmads gaxdis SOLO taqsonomiis principebsa da daniSnulebas. sagakveTilo procesis efeqturad CatarebisaTvis pedagogebs vTavazobT swavla-­swavlebis strategiebsa da garkveuli aqtivobebis Sefasebis rubrikebs, rac

maT gauadvilebT saswavlo processac da swavla-swavlebis principebis saklaso oTaxSi danergvasa da gatarebas. warmodgenili matricebi swavlebis procesSi maswavleblis efeqtur damxmare resursad warmogvidgeba da is erTi mTlianobis (moswavlis wigni, moswavlis rveuli, maswavleblis wigni) organuli nawilia. Cven mier yvela TavisaTvis Sedgenili komp­leq­ suri davalebebiT survilis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli SeZlebs, maTi meSveobiT dafaros saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli ma­sala. Cveni koncefciis Tanaxmad, kompleqsuri davalebebis ganxorcielebis dros Zi­riTad resurss warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelo da sxva danarCeni resursebi, saxelmZRva­ neloSi mocemuli sakiTxebiT dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, ufro metis gasagebad motanili resursia, vidre wignis alternatiuli versia. Sesaba­misad, maswavleblisaTvis am resursebis ama Tu im mizezTa gamo vergamoyeneba kompleqsuris verganxorcielebisa da sakiTxis vergadacemis mizezi ar gaxdeba. ufro metic, mkafiodaa cnebis mkvidri warmodgenebis mixedviT dasamuSavebeli nabijebis Tanmimdevruloba da is kiTxvebic, romlebic am nabijebis ganxorcielebis dros unda daisvas da es saxelmZRvaneloSi arsebuli kiTxvebisa da aqtivobebis organul gagrZelebas warmoadgens; rac am sami komponentis mTlianobis kidev erTi dadas­ turebaa. maswavleblis wignis momdevno nawilSi SexvdebiT avtoris rekomendaciebs peda­ gogebisadmi. es Tavi pedagogebs saxelmZRvanelos koncefciis aRqmasa da gaazrebaSi daexmareba da ufro efeqturs gaxdis maT mier Catarebul gakveTilebs.

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X klasis `saqarTvelos istoriis~ moswavlis wigni 2 Temisa da 23 sakiTxisgan Sedgeba da 2 nawiladaa gayofili. saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenilia rubrikebi:

შეაბიჯე ისტორიაში:

უყურე ვიდეოს დმანისელი

`qvis xanaSi adamiani iTvisebs TiTqmis mTel kavkasias.“

ადამიანის შესახებ

video­masala, romelic smartfonis saSualebiT QR kodiT aqtiurdeba an SesaZ­ lebelia misi Ria wyaroSi naxva miTiTebul bmulze.

ძვ.წ. 4 მლნ.

300.000

3.3 მილიონი წელი 300 ათასი წელი ქვედა პალეოლითი

100.000

citata – cnobili istoriuli pirovnebis an istorikosis gamo­ naTqvami epoqis an konkretuli istoriuli movlenis Sesaxeb

oTar jafariZe, istorikosi da arqeologi, 1921-2020

50.000

300 ათასი წელი 50 ათასი წელი შუა პალეოლითი

20.000

50 ათასი წელი 20 ათასი წელი ზედა პალეოლითი

drois xazi – epoqisa da konkretuli periodis sakvanZo movlenebisa da TariRebis CamonaTvali, romelic droiT xazze vizualurad iolad aRqmadi saxiTaa warmodgenili.

araqsi mdinare araqsi mtkvris ugrZesi, marjvena Senakadia. is saTaves TurqeTSi iRebs da somxeTisa da azerbaijanis gavliT kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba.

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teqstis paralelurad areze warmodgenilia leqsikoni, rome­ lic moswavlisTvis ucnob sityvebsa Tu cnebebs ganmartavs.

სტრაბონი

დ. ძვ.წ. 64/63 ახ.წ.- 23/24

Zveli berZeni istorikosi da geografi. cnobilia ori naSromiT: `saistorio narkvevebi~ da `geografia~.

mokle biografia – teqstis paralelurad warmodgenili mokle cnobebi Sesabamisi epoqis moRvaweze.

ეს

es sainteresoa – damatebiTi informacia teqstSi warmodgenil saintereso sakiTxze

საინტერესოა

saidan iyo straboni straboni amisosidan iyo, Savi zRvis piras mdebare berZnuli qalaqidan. igi kargad icnobda mTeli Savi zRvis auzs, maT Soris kavkasias. straboni detalurad aRwers kolxeTs, qarTlis samefos, armenias, albanias da sxvadasxva qarTvelur tomebs. is mraval Zvel wyaros icnobs da eyrdnoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zv.w. I saukunis bolos an ax.w. I saukunis dasawyisSi wers, mTeli regionis istorias kargad icnobs.

დავალება

7 imsjele Seni azriT, ratom cxovrobdnen neoliTis epoqis adamianebi bunebriv borcvebze?

8 kiTxva Tavisi saqmianobis ra sferoebSi SeiZleba gamoeyenebina adamians Tixa?

წყარო 1 straboni, „geografia“, amonaridi `aseve adamianTa oTxi gvari cxovrobs am qveyanaSi. erTi da pirveli gvaria, romlisganac gamoarCeven mefeebs, winamorbedTan naTesaurad yvelaze axlomdgoms da asakiT uxucess, xolo meore piri am gvaridan, mosamarTleobs da mxedarTmTavrobs. meore gvari aris qurumTa, romlebic zrunaven agreTve mezoblebTan samarTalze. mesame gvari aris mxedarTa da miwaTmoqmedTa. meoTxe gvari aris xalxisa, romlebic samefo monebi arian da akeTeben yvelafers, rac cxovrebisTvis aris saWiro. qoneba sazogado aqvT naTesaobis mixedviT. TiToeul naTesaobas marTavs da ganagebs uxucesi. aseTebi arian iberebi da maTi qveyana~.

davaleba – exmareba masalis gagebas, mis analitikur aRqmas da damuSavebas, xels uwyobs kritikuli, analitikuri da SemecnebiTi unarebis Camoyalibebas. aqvs masalis Sejerebis funqcia.

wyaro – moswavles awvdis daumuSavebel informacias pirvelwyaros saxiT. exmareba masalis mimarT misi piradi damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi. misi mizania, moswavles xeli Seuwyos kritikuli da analitikuri azrovnebis Camoyalibebasa da istoriuli movlenebis gansxvavebul interpretaciaSi.

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CanarTi

neoliTuri qvis damuSavebis teqnika

neoliTSi qvis damuSavebis teqnika sagrZnoblad umjobesdeba. qvis damuSavebis Zvel teqnikas emateba misi gaxexva, gaprialeba, gaxvreta. neoliTur namosaxlarebSi aRmoCenilia Tavisi droisTvis sakmaod daxvewili teqnikiT Sesrulebuli miwaTmoqmedebisTvis aucilebeli iaraRebi – Toxis piri, weraqvebi, xelsafqvavis qvebi. aseve saWrisebi, safxekebi, isris pirebi, xelCaquCebi da sxva.

დანართი

● TrialeTis petroglifebi TrialeTis petroglifebi mezoliTisa da neoliTis erT-erTi umniSv­nelovanesi arqeologiuri Zeglia. is qvemo qarTlSi, TrialeTis regionSi mdinare avdrisxevis marjvena napirze mdebareobs.

რა იქნებოდა, რომ

istorias bevri gardamtexi movlena Tu epizo-

a. rogori iyo paleoliTis adamianis cxovre-

di axsovs, romelTac samyaros ganviTareba

bis wesi da misTvis xelsayreli klimaturi

diametrulad SeucvliaT. gaixsene ganvlili Tavi, miRebuli codniT Seafase istoriuli movlenebi da miRebuli codnisa da Seni analizis mixedviT Seqmeni mcire Txzuleba: ra iqneboda, rom preistoriuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze gansxvavebuli (ufro civi) klimaturi pirobebi yofiliyo. Txzulebis Seqmnis dros gaiTvaliswine Semdegi faqtorebi:

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pirobebi b. ra klimaturi da geografiuli pirobebi daxvda homininebs dmanisSi g. ra klimaturi da geografiuli pirobebi daxvda paleoliTis adamians saqarTvelos teritoriaze d. ra gavlenas axdenda klimaturi pirobebi adgilobriv floraze, faunasa da sacxovrebel pirobebze

CanarTi – damatebiTi informaciis saxiT mocemulia informacia, romelic exmareba teqstis siRrmiseulad gagebas. ZiriTad teqstSi mocemuli ambavi swored CanarTSia CaRrmavebuli.

danarTis saxiT paragrafis bolos mocemulia socialuri istoriis sxvadasxva aspeqtebi (yoveldRiuri cxovreba, kveba, arqiteqtura da a.S.) romlebic, erTi mxriv, ZiriTad teqstSi mocemuli informaciis siRrmiseulad gagebas uwyobs xels, meore mxriv, ki aRwers Tavisi epoqis yofa-cxovrebas aRwers.

savarjiSo, romelic ajerebs mTel Tavs, exmianeba mis TiToeul paragrafs, xels uwyobs SemecnebiTi da analitikuri unarebis ganviTarebas, xels uwyobs abstraqtul azrovnebas.

saSualo safexuris standarti Sesavali standarti gankuTvnilia saSualo safexuris moswavleebisTvis. mis safuZvelze unda momzaddes ori kursi: (1) pirveli maTgani – „istoria“ gulisxmobs msoflio istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlenebis/procesebis Seswavlas da maTTan saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebis dakavSirebas; (2) meore kursis – „saqarTvelos istoria“ farglebSi ki aqcenti keTdeba qarTuli istoriografiisTvis aqtualuri problemebis kvlevaze/siRrmiseul gaazrebaze. standartSi Sedegebisa da samizne cnebebis saxiT gansazRvrulia grZelvadiani miznebi. Sinaarsi aRiwereba Temebis (qveTemebis), sakiTxebis da qvecnebebis saxiT. erovnul saswavlo gegma gansazRvravs savaldebulo Temebs. Temebis Sesabamis sakiTxebs ki skolebi Tavad irCeven. TiToeul Temas axlavs Sedegebis miRwevis indikatorebi. isini gansazRvravs, Tu ra unda Sefasdes swavla-swavlebis procesSi. indikatorebi dajgufebulia samizne cnebebis mixedviT. safexuris Sedegebi sabazo safexurze standartSi gaweril TiToeul Sedegs win uZRvis indeqsi, romelic miuTiTebs sagans, swavlebis etapsa da standartis Sedegis nomers; mag., ist. saS.1: „ist.“ – miuTiTebs sagans istoria; „saS.“ – miuTiTebs saSualo safexurs; „1“ – miuTiTebs standartis Sedegis nomers.

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istoriis standartis Sedegebi saSualo safexurze Sedegebis indeqsi ist.saS.1.

ist.saS.2

ist.saS.3

ist.saS.4

ist.saS.5

ist.saS.6

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Sedegebi

samizne cnebebi

moswavlem unda SeZlos: istoriuli wyaros gamoyeneba sakuTari mosazrebis/poziciis istoriuli dasabuTebisTvis; istoriografiis ganviTarebis kanonzomier- ­wyaro ebebis dakavSireba imis gacnobierebasTan, rom axali wyaroebis/ (ist.saS.1,2,4,5) mtkicebulebebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia nebismieri movlenis axleburad gaazreba/gadafaseba; istoriuli movlenebis analizisas qronologiuri erTeulebisa dro da istoriul-geografiuli terminebis adekvaturi gamoyeneba; (istoriuli istoriul procesebze sivrce-droiTi aspeqtebis kvleva cvale- periodi) (ist. saS. badobis fenomenis gasaazreblad; istoriuli movlenis/procesebis klasificireba da tipologiu- 1,2,3,4,5,6) ri dajgufeba (politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da a.S. niSniT) sxvadasxva istoriul epoqasa da Tanamedro- sivrce (garemo, veobaSi arsebuli tipurad msgavsi movlenebisa da procesebis teritoria) (ist. urTierTdakavSirebulad gansaxilvelad; saS.1,2,3,4,5,6) erTi da imave istoriuli movlenis/procesis/pirovnebis moRvaweobis gansxvavebulad interpretireba, gaanalizeba da Sefasesazogadoeba ba multiperspeqtiuli midgomebis upiratesobis gasaazreblad. (ist. istoriuli movlenebis da procesebis danaxva/Sefaseba rogorc saS.1,2,3,4,5,6) konkretul epoqaSi mcxovrebi adamianebis TvaliT, aseve epoqisgan distancirebiT erTi mxriv epoqis unikalobis, meore mxriv Zalaufleba ki universalur ideaTa ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebis gasaaz- (ist. reblad. saS.3,4,5,6,7,8) qveynis warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis erTian konteqstSi gaazreba; istoriul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT demokratiis principebis (kulturuli, eTnikuri da religiuri mravalferovnebis mimarT pozitiuri damokidebuleba, Tanasworoba, samSvidobo procesebi) dakavSireba saxelmwifoebriobasTan da patriotizmTan.

istoriuli movlena / procesi (ist.saS.3,4,5,6)

savaldebulo Temebi: „istoriisa“ da „saqarTvelos istoriis“ kursis swavla-swavleba warimarTeba paralelurad. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili aCvenebs, Tu romeli savaldebulo Temebi unda iswavlebodes urTierTdakavSirebulad. istoria

saqarTvelos istoria

X klasi

X klasi

1. preistoria da Zveli aRmosavleTi

saqarTvelo qvis da brinjaos xanaSi

2. antikuri xana

saqarTvelo antikur xanaSi (ax.w. III saukunemde)

3. gvianantikuri xana da adreuli Sua sauku- saqarTvelo gvianantikur da adreuli Sua saukuneebi neebis epoqaSi (1014 wlamde) XI klasi

XI klasi

4. Sua saukuneebi

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebi saqarTveloSi

5. gviani Sua saukuneebi da adreuli axali saqarTvelo XV-XVIII saukuneebSi dro 6. „xangrZlivi XIX saukune“

saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi

XII klasi

XII klasi

7. „xanmokle XX saukune“

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSirSi

8. msoflio aTaswleulebis mijnaze

saqarTvelo da Tanamedrove msoflio

swavla-swavlebis procesSi skolebma unda daicvan Temebis zemoT SemoTavazebuli Tanmimdevroba. erovnuli saswavlo gegma Temebis gasaSlelad saWiro sakiTxebs savaldebulo saxiT ar gansazRvravs. amdenad, maswavleblis wignSi warmogidgenT savaldebulo Temebisa da Sefasebis indikatorebis damakavSirebel cxrilebs saSualo safexurisaTvis. TiToeul cxrilSi mocemulia Sefasebis indikatorebi, romlebic warmoaCens, Tu rogor realizdeba Sedegebi konkretul TemaSi.

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