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saddle FSP cover.qxd:saddle stitch co 5/1/09 10:04 AM Page 1 Gr. K-2 Gr. K-2 ID43016 ID43016 school supply school supply ™ ™ The Funtastic Frogs™ activity books have been created especially for young children to help them build a solid understanding of basic mathematics skills. As children use the fun-to-hold Funtastic Frogs™ Counters along with the reproducible activities in these 32-page books, they will explore counting, making patterns, measuring, graphing, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and much more. Use these books to extend and enrich your math program. Perfect for learning centers, for large or small groups, or for L Learn individual use. Excellent for home schooling, as well as for anyone interested in helping young children get Learnearn a head start in math. All the books support the recommendations as stated in the NCTM Standards. Strategiestrategies S Strategies for Fast andor Fast and Funtastic Frogs™ activity books and Funtastic Frogs™ Counters are available from Ideal School Supply f for Fast and or any Ideal School Supply dealer. E Easy Mental Easy Mentalasy Mental Computationomputation C Computation ISBN 13: 978-1-56451-316-8 8720 Orion Place ISBN 1-56451-316-5 Columbus, OH 43240-2111 ISBN 1-56451-316-5 EAN ID43016 UPC Visit our Web site at: www.FrankSchaffer.com Jill Osofsky
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 1 Grades K-2 IDƒ3016 ™ By Jill Osofsky Contents Teacher’s Notes.........................................................3 Suggestions for Additional Practice................................ 8 Sample Solutions .....................................................10 Activities 1-6: Count-on One, Two, and Add Zero ..............................11 Activities 7-13: Add Doubles and Doubles-Plus-One..............................17 Activities 14-16: Make-a-Ten .............................................................24 Activities 17-22: Count Back to Subtract..............................................27 Published by Ideal School Supply an imprint of
Ideal School Supply An imprint of Carson-Dellosa Publishing, LLC PO Box 35665 Greensboro, NC 27425 USA © 2013, Carson-Dellosa Publishing, LLC. The purchase of this material entitles the buyer to reproduce worksheets and activities for classroom use only—not for commercial resale. Reproduction of these materials for an entire school or district is prohibited. No part of this book may be reproduced (except as noted above), stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (mechanically, electronically, recording, etc.) without the prior written consent of Carson-Dellosa Publishing LLC. Ideal School Supply is an imprint of Carson- Dellosa Publishing, LLC. Printed in the USA • All rights reserved.
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 3 T eacher’s Notes This book is one in a series of books designed to develop children’s mathematical thinking. Each book supports the use of Funtastic Frog™ Counters in activities that teach key mathematical concepts. Funtastic Frog ™ Counters are available from Ideal School Supply in six different colors and in three different sizes (3g, 6g, and 12g). A unique lacing feature allows children to use the frogs in a wide range of counting and patterning activities. ™ In Funtastic Frogs : Fast Facts, Grades K-2, children use the frog counters to: • learn how to compute mentally • learn strategies for remembering facts The activities in this book are designed to teach strategies for mental computation of addition and subtraction. These strategies should be taught after children have learned addition and subtraction, but before they have mastered the facts. Each strategy is introduced using frog counters to teach a way of thinking how to use numbers to find sums and differences quickly and correctly. The strategies utilize numbers with specific properties of addition and subtraction in ways that make sense to a child. Many of the activity pages are purposely designed to be open- ended and may be customized for practice of facts that children find most challenging. The strategies facilitate memorization of over 100 addition facts. The subtraction strategies cover 64 subtraction facts. The activities in this book support current mathematics standards. Contents This book includes 22 activities divided into sections for each strategy. Each section provides activities to practice each strategy in multiple ways. Suggestions for additional practice of the strategies are included. ™ ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 3
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 4 Math Skills and Understandings Related Activities Count-on One, Two, and Add Zero Activities 1-6 Add Doubles and Doubles-Plus-One Activities 7-13 Make-a-Ten Activities 14-16 Count Back to Subtract Activities 17-22 Suggestions for Classroom Use The strategies can be introduced to the whole class using an overhead projector, the chalkboard, or sitting in a circle on the floor. Once children understand the directions for the activities, they can work in pairs, small groups, or individually at a learning center. In discussions, encourage the children to share their thinking with the whole class. Hearing about different ways to find a sum or difference helps children think about numbers flexibly. It gives them another option to consider when looking for a strategy to use to remember facts. 4 ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 ™
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 5 Materials You may wish to make an overhead transparency of the first activity page for each strategy as an introduction to the activities that follow. For each child, pair of children, or group, you will need: • pencils • crayons or colored markers to match the colors of the frog counters • a tub of small frog counters • an activity page for each child or pair of children Note that for Activity 6 you will need a paper clip to be used as a spinner. Introducing the Activities Before beginning the activities in this book, allow time for children to freely explore the frog counters. This will allow them to satisfy their curiosity about the frogs before they use them in the activities. When you introduce a strategy in a section, lead children through the first activity. Discuss the directions and how to record their work. When reviewing the activity, encourage the children to talk about the thinking they used when solving a problem. This will encourage others to explore different strategies and adopt the one that is most successful for their own use. Since thinking of addition is a powerful strategy for finding subtraction facts, be sure children master all the addition facts before you introduce the subtraction strategies. The strategies build on what is learned before, and should be done in sequence. When the children successfully find the facts using one strategy, it is time to introduce a new strategy. It is important to provide regular practice for the strategies that have been already learned. A variety of short meaningful practices will help children develop automatic recall of the facts. Suggestions for extending the practices for each strategy are included. Children must not only learn each strategy, they must practice it until they can recall it easily to find a fact quickly and correctly. ™ ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 5
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 6 Mathematical Content by Section Activities 1-6: Count-on one and two and add zero. The strategy is: Think, count-on one (or two) more to the larger number. Model the strategy in Activity 1 using five frogs. Ask: How many frogs in the pond? Add one more frog and ask: What is one more than five? How can you think to find the sum? Verbalize the thinking: Count-on one more to the larger number. Repeat using other numbers through ten. Introduce the strategy for counting-on two in a similar manner. Demonstrate how to use a paper clip as a spinner for Activity 4. Bend one end of the paper clip out straight. With your pencil, hold the rounded end of the clip in the center of the spinner. Most children quickly generalize that adding zero to any number does not change the number. However, since some children believe that any answer to addition must be larger, it is a good idea to practice this strategy. Introduce this strategy in the same manner as for counting-on one and two. Make up a story situation using zero as an addend and have children use the counters to act it out using Activity 5. Be sure to use zero as the first addend as well as the last addend in examples. Activities 7-13: Add doubles and doubles-plus-one. These facts are the foundation for using other mental math strategies. Because both addends are the same, these facts are easy for children to memorize. Introduce the strategy using Activity 7. Ask: How many frogs on the first log? Have the children put the same number of frogs on the empty log, then ask: How are the numbers alike? How many frogs in all? Help them write the doubles number fact. Repeat the activity using different doubles facts. Pairs can finish the activity page and continue acting out the facts through 10 + 10. Each child should record the doubles facts that require more practice. Activities 8 and 9 provide visual images for recall. Many children will find them easier to remember because of the visual association for the fact. Distribute the activity page and have children write the number fact for each picture. Activity 10 invites the children to use the Daily Double Machine. Each number put in the machine is doubled and comes out the sum of the double. 6 ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 ™
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 7 Activity 11 introduces the doubles-plus-one strategy. Children can use frogs to model the related doubles fact then add one frog to model the doubles-plus-one fact. Work through two or three of the facts with the children. You might ask: Who remembers the doubles strategy? Call their attention to 2 + 3. Ask: Which is the smaller number? Is there a way that I can change these numbers to make this a doubles fact? If no one responds, use frogs to demonstrate how taking one frog from the group of three makes the doubles fact 2 + 2. Add one frog back to model the doubles-plus-one fact 2 + 2 + 1. Children draw lines to connect matching doubles and doubles-plus-one facts on page 22. Pairs use two different colors of frogs to play the game on page 23, Doubles-Plus-One Tic-Tac-Toe. To place a frog counter on a Doubles-Plus-One square, a player must give the matching doubles fact. Children can self-check using the frog counters. Activities 14-16: Make-a-ten. This strategy works for sums with addends of eight and nine. The ten-frame on page 24 works well for demonstrating the thinking for this strategy. Model the strategy using the 8 + 3 fact. Put eight frogs in the ten-frame, and three outside. Move two of the frogs from the outside to the inside of the ten-frame. Ask: What fact do you see? How did I make this fact easy to remember? Repeat using other addends with eight and nine. Guide children to observe that thinking of ten is an easier way to find the facts. Activities 17-22: Counting back to subtract. This strategy works when a number can be easily subtracted mentally–usually numbers one or two. It is more challeng- ing for children than the counting-on strategy for addition, and it should be done using the frogs, pictures, and numbers. Thirty-six facts can be mastered using this strategy. Demonstrate the strategy using the number line on page 27. Children must be able to find the larger number, identify the number or numbers that come before it, and count back to find the difference. Ask: What is the larger number in the number sentence? What number comes before ten? Use a frog counter to count back one on the number line. Ask: How can I count back to find two num- bers less than ten? Have a child identify the larger number then count back two on the number line. Use the game on page 32 to provide additional mental practice. Players use spinner A to find the subtrahend then use spinner B to find the minuend, 1 or 2. The player who spins must give the difference in a sentence. For example, Seven is two less than nine. The other player may use the frog counters or a calculator to check. ™ ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 7
1-56451-316-5_BI:1-56451-316-5_BI 5/1/09 10:10 AM Page 8 Suggestions for Additional Strategy Practice It is important to provide a variety of short, meaningful practices to help children learn the strategies. Each strategy should be practiced using up to 10 activities so that the child can easily think of and use the strategy. Oral Drill To help children practice any strategy, give a weekly oral drill of up to ten facts. Ask fact questions that require using one of the strategies, such as: What is two more than six? What is one more than nine? What is zero more than nine? What is double fours? What is five plus five? Such questions ensure that the children practice the kind of thinking required for the strategy and fast recall of the facts. Dice Drill Make a set of dice labeled with numbers that correspond to the facts for the strategy to be practiced. Children roll the dice and add the numbers rolled. The player with the largest total after 10 rolls wins the game. Blank dice can be ordered from Ideal School Supply. You can also use self-adhesive stickers to customize the numbers on dice. Dice for the counting-on strategy Dice for the add zero strategy 1 0 Flash Cards: Counting-on Prepare a set of cards with the numerals one through twenty. Write 1 more, 2 more, and 0 more on a second set of cards. Put each set of cards in separate stacks. To practice the counting-on one, two, or add zero strategy, children take turns picking a card from each pile and giving the sum. Players get to keep correct pairs of cards. This practice can be adapted to work for count back one or two to subtract. Prepare a different set of operation cards by writing 1 less and 2 less on cards. 7 1 0 10 1 2 more less more less Add Zero Create sets of visual flashcards for practice. For example, show a 0-5 domino on one side and the corresponding number sentence on the other. 8 ©Ideal School Supply • Funtastic Frogs™ : Fast Facts • Grades K-2rogs : Fast Facts • Grades K-2 ™