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Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 1: Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacities Lab Repor Flipbook PDF
Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 1: Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacities Lab Repor
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Buy here: http://homeworknumber.one/products.php?product=Exer cise-7%3A-Respiratory-System-Mechanics%3A-Activity1%3A-Measuring-Respiratory-Volumes-and-CalculatingCapacities-Lab-Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following statements describing the mechanics of breathing is false? 2. The contraction of which of the following muscles will increase the thoracic cavity volume during inspiration? 3. At the beginning of inspiration, the]4. At the beginning of expiration, the 5. A tidal volume refers to the
Predict Question: Lung diseases are often classified as obstructive or restrictive. An obstructive disease affects airflow, and a restrictive disease usually reduces volumes and capacities. Although they are not diagnostic, pulmonary function tests such as forced expiratory volume (FEV1) can help a clinician determine the difference between obstructive and restrictive diseases. Specifically, an FEV1 is the forced volume expired in 1 second. In obstructive diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, airway radius is decreased.
Stop & Think Questions: Which muscles contract during quiet expiration?
FEV1 will 6. Minute ventilation is the amount of air that flows into and then out of the lungs in a minute. Minute ventilation (ml/min) = TV (ml/breath) x BPM (breaths/min). Enter the minute ventilation in the field below and then click Submit to record your answer in the lab report. 11. A useful way to express FEV1 is as a percentage of the forced vital capacity (FVC). Using the FEV1 and FVC values from the data grid, calculate the FEV1 (%) by dividing the FEV1 volume by the FVC volume (in this case, the VC is equal to the FVC) and multiply by 100%. Enter the FEV1 (%) for an airway radius of 5.00 mm in the field below and then click Submit to record your answer in the lab report.
12. A useful way to express FEV1 is as a percentage of the forced vital capacity (FVC). Using the FEV1 and FVC values from the data grid, calculate the FEV1 (%) by dividing the FEV1 volume by the FVC volume (in this case, the VC is equal to the FVC) and multiply by 100%. Enter the FEV1 (%) for an airway radius of 3.00 mm in the field below and then click Submit to record your answer in the lab report.
1. To calculate a person's vital capacity, you need to know the TV, ERV, and 2. Measuring a person's FVC means that you are measuring 3. Measuring a person's FEV1 means that you are measuring 4. For a person suffering an asthma attack, inhaler medications are expected to . 5. Which of the following values does not include the ERV?
1. What would be an example of an everyday respiratory event the ERV simulates?
2. What additional skeletal muscles are utilized in an ERV activity? Your answer: 3. What was the FEV1 (%) at the initial radius of 5.00 mm? Your answer: 4. What happened to the FEV1 (%) as the radius of the airways decreased? How well did the results compare with your prediction? 5. Explain why the results from the experiment suggest that there is an obstructive, rather than a restrictive, pulmonary problem.
1. A normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around 2. Which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema? 3. During an asthma attack 4. During moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most?
5. Inhaler medications for an asthma patient are designed to
Predict Question 1: With emphysema, there is a significant loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissue and a noticeable, exhausting muscular effort is required for each expiration. Inspiration actually becomes easier because the lung is now overly compliant. What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema is selected (select all that apply)? Predict Question 2: During an acute asthma attack, airway resistance is significantly increased by (1) increased thick mucous secretions and (2) airway smooth muscle spasms. What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient suffering an acute asthma attack is selected (select all that apply)? Predict Question 3: When an acute asthma attack occurs, many people seek relief from the increased airway resistance by using an inhaler. This device atomizes the medication and induces bronchiole dilation (though it can also contain an anti-inflammatory agent). What lung values will change back to those of the normal patient in the spirogram after the asthma patient uses an inhaler (select all that apply)? Predict Question 4: During moderate aerobic exercise, the human body will change its respiratory cycle in order to meet increased metabolic demands. During heavy exercise, further changes in respiration are required to meet the extreme metabolic demands of the body. Which lung value will change more during moderate exercise, the ERV or the IRV? Stop & Think Questions:
When obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 (%)? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient?
1. Which of the following respiratory values represents a decreased flow rate during the obstructive lung disease(s)? 2. Calculate the ERV of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: TLC = 6000 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, RV = 1200 ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml. 3. Calculate the FVC of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: RV = 1000 ml, IRV = 3000 ml, TV = 500 ml, ERV = 1500 ml. 4. What is the largest volume for the normal patient? 5. What happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient?
1. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
2. Which of these two parameters changed more for the patient with emphysema, the FVC or the FEV1? Your answer:
3. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient experiencing an acute asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction? 4. How is having an acute asthma attack similar to having emphysema? How is it different? 5. Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the asthmatic patient. Did all spirogram values return to "normal"? Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction?