تاريخ الخلفاء - نسخة أخرى Flipbook PDF

تاريخ الخلفاء - نسخة أخرى

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫‪to pdf: http://www.al- mostafa.com‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻋﺪ ﻓﻮﰱ ﻭﺃﻭﻋﺪ ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻓﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﲨﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﺬﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻄﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻝ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻓﺄﻓﺮﺩﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺣﺎﻓﻼ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﳋﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺟﻠﻴﻼ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ ﱂ ﻳﺆﻟﻒ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺟﻠﻴﻼ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻋﲎ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﺘﺞ ﺑﻜﻼﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺸﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻓﺮﺩﺕ ﳍﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﳑﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﺎﹰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﻷﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺮﺷﻴﲔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﲰﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﲔ ﺟﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﳎﻮﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﺣﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻧﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺍﺡ ﺟﺪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﲰﺎﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺤﺤﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺟﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺎ ﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺎﹰ ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻴﺘﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺼﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺒﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﺭﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻨﺴﺏ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻨﻔﺴﻙ ﻜﺎﻟﻁﺎﺌﻊ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ ﺩﻉ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻨﺴﺎﺏ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺩﺨﻝ ﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻁﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻤﻊ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﺠﺎﻩ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﺠﻮﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎﻙ ﻷﺟﺒﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺄﻓﺤﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﻋﻲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻯ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﻢ ﻓﺠﺬﺏ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺴﱮ ﻭﻧﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺴﱯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﺯﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺍﻓﻀﻲ ﺧﺒﻴﺚ ﻟﺌﻴﻢ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﳍﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺎﹰ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻏﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﻋﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﻨﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻭﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﺩﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺿﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﺎ ﺣﺒﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻓﻀﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺰﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺃﻛﺮﻫﻪ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺬﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺧﻮﳍﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺬﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻮﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻟﺌﻼ‬ ‫ﲣﻠﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻔﺘﻨﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﲏ‪ :‬ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺻﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺭﻀﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻏﻴﺏ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﲟﻴﺸﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺫﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻚ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﲟﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﻍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﱂ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺼﻮﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺒﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺿﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﱐ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﱐ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺘﻌﺼﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﱵ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺎﻥ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﲔ ﻃﻌﻦ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﲏ ‪ -‬ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﺮﻛﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﲏ" ﻳﻌﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﲜﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﻮ ﺭ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻴﺠﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲨﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﺃﺑﺎﻃﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺘﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺻﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻭﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺨﺰﻡ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﲞﺰﺍﻡ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲨﻬﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﱐ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﺸﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﲨﻬﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺑﲎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺿﻊ ﺣﺠﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺣﺠﺮﻱ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺿﻊ ﺣﺠﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﻊ ﺣﺠﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﳘﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﱵ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ" ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳﻜﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺮﺯﺓ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﻓﻌﺪﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﻭﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻮﻓﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﲪﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﲪﻮﺍ"‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻤﻀﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ" ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﻘﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺾ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﻌﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﺑﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺑﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺰ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲨﻬﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻜﲔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻧﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﱪﻳﺔ" ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﹰ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺻﺎﳊ ﺎﹰ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎﹰ" ﺭﻭﺍﳘﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ "ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﺿﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ "ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ " ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ "ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻀﻲ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﺃﺗﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﺮﺝ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ "ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ" ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻢ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺄﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﻌﺪﺓ ﻧﻘﺒﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺎ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻋﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺄﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﻟﺘﺄﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ "ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ" ﻭﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺻﻔﲔ ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰒ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﰒ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰒ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰒ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﲣﻠﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻬﺆﻻﺀ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﱃ ﳓﻮ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻞ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﻞ ﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﱃ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﰒ ﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻞ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻭﱃ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻄﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺍﻧﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﻠﺒﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﻁ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﳝﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﴰﺎﻻ ﳑﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﺮﺝ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺆﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﺪﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳋﻠﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ "ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﺮﺝ" ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻭﺗﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻝ ﺑﻴﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﺓ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺩﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺆﻧﺒﲏ ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪﻩ ﻓﺴﺎﺀﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ "ﺇﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ" ﻭﻧﺰﻟﺖ "ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ" "ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ "3 - 1 :‬ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﲎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻳﱰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪﻩ ﻧﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺩﺓ ﻓﺴﺎﺀﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﺎﺣﻜﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ "ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﻳﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﻻ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ" "ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪"60 :‬‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﺓ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻳﻚ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ "ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ" ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻱ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻓﺪﻳﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫"ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺪﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﺗﲏ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻙ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻚ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻙ ﻓﻐﺪﺍ ﻭﻏﺪﻭﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻛﺴﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻨﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﺫﻧﺒﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ" ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ "ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪﻱ ﻓﺴﺎﺀﱐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪﻱ ﻓﺴﺮﱐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏ ﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻲ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻻ ﺃﺑﺸﺮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﰊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺑﺬﺭﻳﺘﻚ ﳜﺘﻤﻪ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺪﳝﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﻘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰊ ﻭﳜﺘﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻙ" ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ "ﺑﻜﻢ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻜﻢ ﳜﺘﻢ" ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏ ﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﻕ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻳﻌﺰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ" ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺜﻴﻢ ﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺜﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻭﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﲏ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫"ﺇﻧﻚ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻐﻼﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺫﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺫﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺄﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻳﻘﻪ ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺫﻫﱯ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﺗﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﻮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺒﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻨﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻦ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ "ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﱘ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻭﺻﻨﻮ ﺃﰊ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﱯ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﲑﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺒﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻜﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳔﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﰒ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﴰﻮﺥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﳑﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺑﻀﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﳐﺔ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻔﺖ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺴﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻘﻴﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺣﻮﻻ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻘﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﳚﻲﺀ ﻫﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺒﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﺫﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺪﳝﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﱪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭﺩﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ" ﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﻌﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻙ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺎﹰ" ﺍﻟﻜﺪﳝﻲ ﻭﺿﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺘﺸﲑﻙ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﱂ ﻧﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻏﲑﻧﺎ ﱂ ﻧﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻋﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﲑﻭﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻐﻨﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻙ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺫﺋﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺃﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﱪﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻌﺐ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺃﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺑﺜﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺪ ﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﺷﱪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﻃﻮﻭﻩ ﺑﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﺭﺛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﻄﺮﺣﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺘﺎﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺗﻠﻮﺛﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺃﻓﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﳜﻠﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﺠﺒﺎﹰ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻨﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻳﻨﺨﺮﻡ ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻟﻌﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺳﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺍﳔﺮﺍﻡ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻮﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﳜﻠﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻭﱄ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﰒ ﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺼﺎﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﰒ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﻭﳍﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰒ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻭﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻫﺎﴰﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﰒ ﻛﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺘﻠﻘﺐ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻠﻘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺄﻓﻠﺢ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺨﻠﻌﺎ ﻭﻧﻔﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻭﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻮﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﰿ ﻓﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻋﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺣﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲣﺬ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺗﺞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲣﺬ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﳋﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻛﺮ ﻷﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﳉﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻠﻘﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺯﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻜﻤﺖ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﻙ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻛﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻠﺐ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﳍﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﻄﻮﺭﺍﺀ"‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﺻﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻧﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﲝﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﻬﺮ ﻭﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺐ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺋﺰﻩ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﺮﺍﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﺋﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﲞﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﳎﺎﻟﺴﻪ ﻭﺣﺠﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺭﻩ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﺰﻱ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﱄ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺃﻣﺮ ﳑﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺿﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻻ ﻭﻓﻀﻼ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻏﺰﻭﺍ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻨﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠ ﺼﻮﱄ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻸﻣﲑ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﳛﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺼﺮ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻞ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺷﺒﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﲟﺮﻗﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﺘﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﺘﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﻭﲨﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻌﺎﺏ ﺑ ﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﲨﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻼﺯﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﰒ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰒ ﺑﻜﺎﺅﻩ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﺧﲑﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺗﺴﻜﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﰒ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰒ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺟﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﰒ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﻩ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﻪ ﻭﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﰒ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺟﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﺳﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﺪﺍﻋﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻼﺗﻪ ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﻋﺰﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻻ‬ ‫ﲢﺼﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺗﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﻮﻻ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﺘﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺃﻱ ﳉﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﲔ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﺘﺎﻗﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻌﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲰﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ ﰒ ﲰﻰ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﲰﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﺘﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻷﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﱂ ﲰﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻬﺒﻪ ﱄ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﲰﻲ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲰﺎﻩ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻟﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﱵ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ " ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﲰﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﻓﺴﻤﻲ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﺪﻱ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﱪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻫﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺇﱐ ﻷﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲞﱪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﺣﺔ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﲰﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﻨﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺬﻱ ﻃﻮﻯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻮﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺳﱪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳛﲕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺼﻲ ﻛﻢ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﲰﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﳛﻠﻒ ﻷﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺣﺪ "ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻧﱯ ﻭﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍﻥ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺻﺨﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻭﺗﻜﲎ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻨﺸﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻁ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﻦ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺻﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﺆﻩ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺀﺓ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻏﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳏﺒﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﳌﻌﺎﳌﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺁﺛﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺮﺑﻮﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ‪‬ﻢ ﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺷﺮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻋﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﳍﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﻀﺎﹰ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻋﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻗﻂ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻗﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻞ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻭﱂ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺻﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺮﻭﺀﰐ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺀﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻨﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﳓﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺿﲔ ﺃﺟﻨﺄ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺇﺯﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺧﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻧﺎﺗﺊ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺷﺎﺟﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻀﺐ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﴰﻂ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ؟ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺬﺍ؟ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺬﺍ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﺸﺠﻭﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﻲ ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺘﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺩﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺸﻬﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺨﺎﻙ ﺃﺒﺎ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﻓﺎﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺤﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻼ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺭﺗﻌﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺯﻣﻦ ﲝﲑﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﺣﲔ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻢ ﻋﻼ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﳊﻖ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻭﻟﻜﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﻧﺎ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺃﻡ ﺃﳝﻦ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ ﺍﳋﲑ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲞﲑ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻝ ﺩﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﱯ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﳘﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﻗﻔﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺼﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻚ ﺃﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺎﹰ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻈﺎﱂ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺁﻣﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ" ﻋﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻟﺒﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﺤﲔ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻭﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺮﺯ ﲰﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﱃ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎ ﻓﺄﺳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﰉ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺟﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﺈﱐ ﱂ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﱄ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﱯ؟ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﱄ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﺇﱐ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻢ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺻﺤﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﺳﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺞ ﻭﻏﺰﻭ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺇﺫ ﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻻ ﲢﺰﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ" "ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ "40 :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺼﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ "ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﺋﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﱄ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻗﺘﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﱄ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﺃﺷﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻫﺪﻑ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻭﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﱐ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﻔﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﱪﻭﱐ ﺑﺄﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺘﻢ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺮﻳﺸ ﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﳚﺒﺄﻩ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻠﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﻵﳍﺔ ﺇﳍﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﳚﺒﺄ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻠﺘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻢ ﺃﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻀﻠﺖ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻻ ﲡﻴﺒﻮﻧﲏ‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﺘﻢ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﻴﻂ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﺨﻨﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻨﻘﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﰊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﱀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺸﲑﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪" :‬ﻭﺳﻴﺠﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺘﺰﻛﻰ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ "18 :‬ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﱄ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺳﻼ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ "ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﰲ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻏﲑ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺀﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﲞﻼﻝ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎﱄ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺀﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﲞﻼﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﲏ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺮﻙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﻂ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺳﺨﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﰊ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﰊ ﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﰊ ﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﰊ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺽ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﺳﻨﺪﳘﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻨﻔﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﰐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﺪﻗﱵ ﻭﷲ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﺪﻗﱵ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻴﻜﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻜﻤﺎ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭ ﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺄﻧﺎﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺌﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺌﺖ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﻼ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺗﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﺎ ﳓﻔﻈﻪ ﻷﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺤﲏ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻗﺎﺗﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ﻋﻘﺎﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮ ﳍﻢ ﲟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺘﻪ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﱵ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺧﲑ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺪﻳﻚ ﺑﺂﺑﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻌﺠﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﺒﻜﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﱪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﺍﹰ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﻏﲑ ﺭﰊ‬ ‫ﻻﲣﺪﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻮﺩﺗﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﲔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺅﻫﻢ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻣﻬﻢ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﻨﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳛﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﻇﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻛﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻋﻘﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻟﻜﺜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻧﻘﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﻀﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻋﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺅﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺧﻄﺒﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺼﺢ ﺧﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻓﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﰲ ﺗﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﲨﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻨﺎ؟ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺴﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻛﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻘﻼ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺸﲑ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﺫﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻀﲑ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﲰﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻄﺄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻄﺄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ "ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ" ﻓﻤﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺿﺤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﲨﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺧﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﳔﲑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻨﺨﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻧﺴﻜﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻷﰊ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺧﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰒ ﻣﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰒ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻠﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﻬﻠﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺧﲑﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻔﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﲏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺟﻠﺪﺗﻪ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺮﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﱯ" ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺗﻘﻀﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺼﺤﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﱯ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻣﺘﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﰒ ﻣﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﰒ ﻣﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ "ﻫﺬﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻬﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺯﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳊﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﻑ ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﺏ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻁﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺒﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺼﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺩﻝ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺠﻼ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺟﺬﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﺭﺣﻢ ﺃﻣﱵ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﱵ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺅﻫﻢ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ"‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﻭﺃﻗﻀﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ "ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺃﺯﻫﺪ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻭﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻭﺃﺗﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻭﺃﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ" ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻼﺕ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺎﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﲰ ﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻔﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺣﺎﻓﻼ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻋﺒﺎﹰ ﳏﺮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﳋﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺇﺫ ﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻻ ﲢﺰﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ "40:‬ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ" "ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ "40 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻼﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﱪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭﺍﻕ ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﷲ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ "1 :‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﺇﻥ ﺳﻌﻴﻜﻢ ﻟﺸﱴ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "4‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﻱ ﺑﲎ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺗﻌﺘﻖ ﺃﻧﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﺿﻌﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﺘﻖ ﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﺟﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻚ ﻭﳝﻨﻌﻮﻧﻚ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺑﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﱵ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ "ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻭﺍﺗﻘﻰ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ "5 :‬ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ "ﻭﺳﻴﺠﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺗﻘﻰ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ "17 :‬ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﻭﻣﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﲡﺰﻯ" "ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "19‬ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳛﻨﺚ ﰲ ﳝﲔ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﺷﺎﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ" "ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ "159 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻮﺫﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ "ﻭﳌﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺘﺎﻥ" "ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ "46 :‬ﰲ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺫﻛﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪" :‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ" "ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪"4 :‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﲪﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ" "‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ "56 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺷﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫"ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ" " ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪."43 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ "ﻭﻧﺰﻋﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻞ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧ ﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﺭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﲔ" "ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪."47 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ "ﻭﻭﺻﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻷﺣﻘﺎﻑ‪ "15 :‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻋﺪﻭﻥ" "ﺍﻷﺣﻘﺎﻑ‪."16 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺮﺃ "ﺇﻻ ﺗﻨﺼﺮﻭﻩ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺛﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺇﺫ ﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ" "ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪."40 :‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻉ ﰲ ﻏﻨﻤﻪ ﻋﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻻ ﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻏﲑﻱ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺴﻮﻕ ﺑﻘﺮﺓ ﻗﺪ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺘﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﱐ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻠﻖ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺮﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻱ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺷﻬﺪ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﱯ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺠﱪﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﻴﻜﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺄﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﺴﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺧﺮﺝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﴰﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺒﻌﺚ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻄﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﻫﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻳﺪﱐ ﺑﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺁﻧﻔﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻚ ﺑﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺚ ﻧﻮﺡ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﺪﺕ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ "ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺘﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﺘﻜﻤﺎ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﱵ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫"ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻔﺘﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﱯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺯﻭﺟﲏ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﲪﻠﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺑﻼﻻ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻴﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ ﺻﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺆﱐ ﻗﻂ ﻓﺎﻋﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﱰﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺴﻄﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ "ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻐﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻔﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﻷﻣﱵ ﰲ ﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺩﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﺄﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﱵ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﺍﹰ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﻏﲑ ﺭﰊ ﻻﲣﺬﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺮﺩﺕ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫‪37‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻧﺪﻣﺖ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻓﺄﰉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺪﻡ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻌﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺷﻔﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺠﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻢ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﱄ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺫﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﻻ ﺗﺆﺫﻭﱐ ﰲ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﻻﲣﺬﺗﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺐ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲢﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺷﻜﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺃﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﱄ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻠﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻜﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺟﺎﺩﱄ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺧﺬﻟﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﲏ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﻼﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺷﻘﻲ ﺛﻮﰊ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺧﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻴﻼﺀ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺇﻻ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ "ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻔﻄﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻧﱪﺡ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻧﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺷﺎﻙ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻷﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺻﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻧﱪﺡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﻛﺴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺒﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﺄﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺭﺿﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﱐ ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻞ ﺗﻌﻄﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻏﻀﺎﹰ ﻃﺮﻳﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ" ﻓﺮﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﱄ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﱐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺒﺸﺮﱐ ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﺎﹰ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻟﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻷﺳﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺃﺗﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻧﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﱄ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺫﻭ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﻓﲑﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﺮﻭﱐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻐﻀﺐ ﻓﻴﺄﰐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻐﻀﺐ ﻟﻐﻀﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻐﻀﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻀﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻠﻚ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﺮﻧﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺗﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻱ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﱄ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺻﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﻮﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺆﻧﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻃﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﰐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ" ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻋﺮﺝ ﰊ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﲰﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﺸﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﳍﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ "ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺻﺪﻗﺖ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻏﺪﻳﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﺒﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺴﺒﺢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﺍﹰ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻻﲣﺬﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﱯ" ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫"ﻧﻌﻢ ﲨﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﱄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻓﻬﻨﻴﺌﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺘﺸﺘﺒﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﲑ ﻛﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻭﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ " ﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﱵ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﳛﺎﺳﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺈﳝﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺟﺢ ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﱪﺯﺍﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺷﻌﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﺪﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺠﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺼﺤﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺧﲑ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻘﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﲑ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺒﻘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫‪41‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻻ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺣﱯ ﻭﺑﻐﺾ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺇﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻮﻙ ﱂ ﻳﻜﺬﺑﻮﻙ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻜﺬﺑﻮﻙ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻩ ﻟﺮﺃﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﲪﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻧﻔﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻧﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻚ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻵﺩﻡ ﰲ ﺫﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻧﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺺ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﱂ ﳜﺺ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺎﺓ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ" ﺻﺪﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﺧﲑﻩ ﺍﷲ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ "ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﲔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﳍﻤﺎ "ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺧﻮﺧﺔ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺧﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ " ﺳﺪﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺌﺖ ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻙ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲡﺪﻳﲏ ﻓﺄﰐ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺪﺕ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻙ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺌﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﲡﺪﻳﲏ ﻓﺄﰐ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫"ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﱄ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﻭﺃﺧﺎﻙ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﲎ ﻣﺘﻤﻦ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻭﻳﺄﰉ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ‪" :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻲ ﱄ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺌﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻚ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻱ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻱ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻦ ﺻﻮﺍﺣﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﺖ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮﺓ ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲪﻠﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻠﱯ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺸﺎﺀﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻻ ﻻ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰉ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ "ﻛﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻣﻐﻀﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﺃﺣﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻳﺆﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺅﻫﻢ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ"‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰊ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻼﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﱂ ﺁﺕ ﻓﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻼﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺿﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ "ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺃﺭﺍﱐ ﺃﻃﺄ ﰲ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻗﻤﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺘﲔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﺑﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﺠﺌﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺷﻔﲏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺷﻚ ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﳍﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺃﺗﻘﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﺪ ﻟﻪ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺆﻣﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺳﻜﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻜﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻜﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺩﺗﲏ ﺇﻻ ﻏﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪45‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻼﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻜﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﻂ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﳛﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﳛﺒﻮﻧﻪ"‬ ‫"ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ "54 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻭﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳍﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ "ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﳛﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﳛﺒﻮﻧﻪ" "ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪."54 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﱪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻠﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺳﺘﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ" "ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ "16 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﳍﺎ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺪﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﺃﻟﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﲤﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻓﺮﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭ ﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ" "ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ "55 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ "55 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ" ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻮﻥ" "ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ "16 :‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫‪46‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﲢﺖ ﺃﺩﱘ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻮﻟﻮﻩ ﺭﻗﺎ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺸﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﻻ ﺿﻼﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻴﺊ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺫﳍﺎ ﺫﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻷﻣﻸ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻴﻼ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻄﺎﳌﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻫﻼ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻼﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺖ ﻓﻼﻧﺎﹰ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻐﺘﺮﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺔ ﻭﲤﺖ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﻰ ﺷﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻨﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑﻧﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻮﰱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﲣﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻭﲣﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﻧﺆﻣﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﺎﻥ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺍ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻘﺮﺑﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻨﺄﺗﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺟﺌﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺳﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﲔ ﻇﻬﺮﺍﻧﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﺰﻣﻞ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫‪47‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﻊ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻫﻂ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﻓﺖ ﺩﺍﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﲣﺘﺰﻟﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻭﲢﻀﻨﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻜﺖ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺯﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺠﺒﺘﲏ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﻭﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻠﻚ ﻓﻜﺮﻫﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﺠﺒﺘﲏ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻫﺘﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻜﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﰎ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﻓﺄﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻻ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺌﺘﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻓﺘﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺑﲏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﰒ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺟﺬﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﻜﻚ ﻭﻋﺬﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻂ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺒﺴﻂ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﺸﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳔﻠﻔﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻭﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﻟﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺄﻳﻜﻢ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺖ ﺧﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺜﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺗﺜﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑﻛﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺇﺫ ﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲞﲑﻛﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻓﺄﻋﻴﻨﻮﱐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﺄﺕ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺭﻳﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺿﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﱐ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﻌﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻋﺼﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻗﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻼﺗﻜﻢ ﻳﺮﲪﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺭﺍﻏﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻠﺪﺕ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﱄ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻀﺒﻨﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻷﻧﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻨﻌﺮﻑ ﺷﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻷﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺔ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺃﺑﺴﻂ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻷﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﲏ ﰒ ﻛﺮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻮﰐ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﰱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫‪49‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﰲ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺪﺍﺀ ﻟﻚ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﻴﺒﻚ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻮﻫﻢ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﺴﻠﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ" ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ "ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻻﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﱪﻫﻢ ﻭﻓﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﳓﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻜﻢ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺣﻘﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﻻﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﱐ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﲣﻮﻓﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﲪﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺘﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﳉﺎﻟﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻮﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻔﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻱ ﻭﻟﺌﻦ ﺃﺧﺬﲤﻮﱐ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﻌﺼﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﻛﻔﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻠﻔﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﺃﻗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺼﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲞﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻋﻮﱐ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻤﺖ ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻮﱐ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﺯﻏﺖ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﱄ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻳﻌﺘﺮﻳﲏ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻏﻀﺒﺖ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻨﺒﻮﱐ ﻻ ﺃﻭﺛﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﺸﺎﺭﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲞﲑﻛﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﲝﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺿﻌﻔﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲟﺒﺘﺪﻉ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻓﺄﻋﻴﻨﻮﱐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺯﻏﺖ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﱐ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺭﲡﺖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺟﻠﻞ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺍﺿﻊ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻻﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪ ﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﲰﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺰﻛﻲ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺄﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺭﻓﻖ‬ ‫‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻮﺕ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﻚ ﻭﺟﺌﺘﲏ ﲞﺬﻻﻧﻚ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﲟﺎﺫﺍ ﻋﺴﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﺄﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻔﺘﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺴﺤﺮ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﺟﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ﻋﻘﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻭﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﺣﲔ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫‪51‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺷﺮﺃﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﳓﺎﺯﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻧﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺄﰊ ﳍﺎﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻃﺎﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﲰﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﱯ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻓﻦ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻧﻮﺭﺙ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎﻩ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺮﺋﺒﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻧﺪﻓﻨﻪ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻟﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻞ ﲟﺴﺠﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﱪﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﳒﻮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺧﺸﺐ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﺑﺄﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺩﺩﺕ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺣﻠﻠﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻘﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻻ ﳝﺮ ﺑﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺪﻋﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻠﻘﻮﻫﻢ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺳﺎﳌﲔ ﻓﺜﺒﺘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻔﺬﻭﺍ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳉﺮﻑ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺠﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﱪﺡ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲣﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻔﺮﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﻀﻴﺖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻥ ﲣﻄﻔﲏ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻨﻬﺾ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ﻋﻘﺎﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺆﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﺼﻢ ﻣﲏ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲝﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻗﺎﺗﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﲝﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻧﻘﻌﺎﹰ ﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﳓﺪ ﻭﻫﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﺭﺍﺭﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﻠﲑﺟﻊ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺑﺮﺯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺷﻢ ﺳﻴﻔﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺠﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﻓﺠﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ ﻭﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺮ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﻮﺍ‬ ‫‪53‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ ﺃﻡ ﺃﳝﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌ ﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﲑ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻈﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﴰﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﲰﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﲜﻮﺍﺛﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺜﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺛﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻮﻱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻓﻐﺰﺍ ﺍﻷﺑﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻣﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﺸﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺭﻣﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﰲ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﺧﺸﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻓﻴﺬﻫﺐ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪54‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻌﲏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﷲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺘﻬﻤﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺎﲨﻌﻪ ﻓﻮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻛﻠﻔﲏ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻔﻌﻼﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻝ ﺃﺭﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﲨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺘﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﺐ ﻭﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺁﻳﺘﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ "ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ" "ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ "128 :‬ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺎﻩ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺍﺽ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺣﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺆﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺷﻐﻠﺖ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺴﻴﺄﻛﻞ ﺁﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﳛﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎ ﻋﺪﻩ ﺃﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﻋﻴﺎﱄ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﺽ ﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻔﺮﺿﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﻔﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺪﻭﱐ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻴﺎﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺰﺍﺩﻩ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳉﻔﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺼﻄﺒﻎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻠﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﲔ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺎﺭﺩﺩﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺗﻌﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﺎ ﺃﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺶ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻮﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺒﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﻦ ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻧﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﰲﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺒﺸﻲ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺢ ﻭﺟﺮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺎﺑﻌﺜﻲ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳛﺮﺳﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻻ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺮﺳﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺴﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺴﻮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻗﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺃﺗﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻔﺮﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﺭﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻔﺘﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﺒﻪ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻚ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ" ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻠﻴﺄﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺬ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺕ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻴﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻐﻨﻤﻬﻦ ﻓﻴﺤﻠﺒﻬﻦ ﳍﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺯﺍﹰ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﺴﻘﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﻴﻼ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﱪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﰊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺇﻧﻪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﺑﻜﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﺣﺞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ ﰒ ﺣﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ ﰒ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳛﺞ ﺳﻨﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻫﺪﻳﺖ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺴﻢ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﳕﻮﺕ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﺍﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻠﲔ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺑﺪﺀ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﺤﻢ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻻ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﺗﻪ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﺷﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺨﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﻂ ﺍﻟﺬ ﻱ ﻳﺴﺮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﲣﻮﻓﲏ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻼ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺏ ﺇﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺇﱐ ﱂ ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻇﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻇﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺐ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺨﺘﻤﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﺎﻩ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻩ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﱂ‬ ‫‪58‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪﺕ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻓﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻓﺎﺧﻠﻔﲏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻙ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺋﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﺜﻮﺍﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻓﺘﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﺭﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺿﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﱵ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﰊ ﻟﻐﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳓﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻏﲎ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﳓﻠﺘﻚ ﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺪﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺯﺗﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻚ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﻙ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﺎﻙ ﻓﺎﻗﺴﻤﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻭ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﺻﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﲞﻤﺲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﰲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻭﺻﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻤﺎ ﳌﻦ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻬﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫‪59‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺩﺭﳘﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺭﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﺸﺭﺠﺕ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻀﺎﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻮﱄ "ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺳﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﲢﻴﺪ" "ﻕ‪ "19 :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺛﻮﰊ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻏﺴﻠﻮﳘﺎ ﻭﻛﻔﻨﻮﱐ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻲ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍﻝ ﺩﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻘﻨﻌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻤﺩﻓﻭﻕ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻮﱄ "ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺳﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲢﻴﺪ" "ﻕ‪ "19 :‬ﰒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﻮﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻌﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﺫﻱ ﺇﺒﻝ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﺫﻱ ﺴﻠﺏ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬

‫ﻓﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺳﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ" " ﻕ‪"19 :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﻴﺽ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬

‫ﺜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻤﻰ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﺍﻤﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺫﺍﻙ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺍﻏﺴﻠﻲ ﺛﻮﰊ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﻔﻨﻴﲏ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻣﻜﺴﻮ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺲ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻟﺼﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﱪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺣﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻟﻴﻼ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﲡﺖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺯﺀ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﺩ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺶ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺙ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﱃ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺪﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﺤﻲ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻘﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺃﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺩﻉ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺼﺩ‬

‫ﺘﻨﺩﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻴﻬﺭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻘﺘﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻘﻬﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻴﺸﻜﻭﻩ ﺴﻘﻡ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺸﻔﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺒﺎ ﺒﻜﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺯﺍﺀ ﺒﻘﻼ ﺒﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺎﷲ ﻻ ﻴﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﻊ ﻜﻲ ﻴﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬

‫ﺫﻭ ﻤﺌﺯﺭ ﻨﺎﺵ ﻭﻻ ﺫﻭ ﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻬﺩﺍﹰ ﺸﺫ ﺒﺄﺭﺽ ﻓﻀﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻼﺯﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺩﻝ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﻭﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺮﺩ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺜﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﺟﻴﺰ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻭﺳﺄﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ "ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﺘﻪ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﻣﻄﻬﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻢ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﺮﺏ" ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﻔﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ "ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻏﻀﺎﹰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ" ﺃﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻼﰐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﻇﻠﻤﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻇﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﺎﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻭﺍﺭﲪﲏ ﺇﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ" ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﲣﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ" ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻧﱯ ﻗﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﻣﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺬﻧﺐ ﺫﻧﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻴﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ" ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﲣﺬﻭﺍ ﻗﺒﻮﺭ ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻳﻨﻀﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻲ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪" :‬ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺸﻖ ﲤﺮﺓ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺝ ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻌﺎﻥ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻴﻀﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻧﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺎﻭﻟﻜﻪ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺣﱯ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺍﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ؟" ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺲ ﺣﲔ ﻧﻔﺴﺖ ﲟﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﻞ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪" :‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺞ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﺘﻚ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺑﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻻ ﳛﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺑﻴﱵ ﻭﻣﻨﱪﻱ ﺭﻭﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺜﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺮ ﺑﻪ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﲞﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺎﺋﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﺊ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ ﳌﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ" ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻻ ﻧﻮﺭﺙ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎﻩ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ" ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﻧﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﻕ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻷﺑﻴﻚ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﱪﺕ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺮﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﲑﺓ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ" ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﳏﺎﺑﺎﺓ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺪﻻ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﲪﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻚ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ" ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺭﲨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺮﺓ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺷﺎﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮﺃ ﳚﺰ ﺑﻪ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ" "ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "105‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﻇﻨﻚ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﻤﺎ" ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻃﻌﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﻮﻧﺎﹰ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺷﻴﺒﺘﲏ ﻫﻮﺩ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺃﺧﻔﻰ ﰲ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ " ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺴﻴﺖ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻼ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻜﻮﱐ ﺑﻼ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻫﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻬﻢ ﳛﺴﺒﻮﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻬﺘﺪﻭﻥ" ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫‪64‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻌﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ " ﻻ ﺗﺮﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺗﻜﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ" ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺄﺧﻲ ﺍﳍﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺭ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻛﻞ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ" ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮﺃ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ" ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﳒﺎﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ" ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪" :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﻨﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺻﻨﻔﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻼﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻳﺔ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ" ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺧﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﱄ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻢ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻛﻞ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻧﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺤﺖ ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ" ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ "ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺟﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﻱ ﲝﺮﺍﻡ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﻜﻮ ﺫﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻳﱰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻐﻔﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻼ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻼ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻨﺎﺀ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﻝ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﻛﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻗﺔ" ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﱯ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻮ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﺴﻠﻜﺖ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ"‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻻﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﱪﻫﻢ ﻭﻓﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ" ﺃﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﲡﺎﻭﺯﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺌﻬﻢ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﱐ ﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺿﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻀﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺎﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﱄ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻣﻮﻩ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺮ" ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﰊ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺭ ﺃﻡ ﺃﳝﻦ" ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﺫ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﻄﻮﻟﺖ ﱄ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻋﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﱄ ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺖ ﲟﺪﺭﻛﻲ" ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻜﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺸﻮﻥ"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻘﱪﻱ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﳎﺎﻧﺐ ﻟﻺﳝﺎﻥ" ﺍﺑﻦ ﻻﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ" ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻌﻤﺔ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻇﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﳏﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﻜﻠﻰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻲ" ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺷﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻀﺪﺕ ﻋﻀﺎﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻭﺷﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ"‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻮﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺃﺑﻌﺚ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻮ ﺃﲡﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻻﲡﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺰ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮﻩ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﲏ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ" ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ " ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻈﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻠﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻴﻈﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﺎﹰ" ﺍﺑﻦ ﻻﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﷲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﺮ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻻ ﲢﻘﺮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺒﲑ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﲪﱵ ﻓﺎﺭﲪﻮﺍ ﺧﻠﻘﻲ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‬ ‫‪67‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺯﺩﱐ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﲟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺯﺩﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺗﻨﺞ" ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻛﻔﻲ ﻭﻛﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻻ ﺗﻐﻔﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺗﺮﻭﻧﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺎﻓﻞ" ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ﷲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﲎ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ " ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻧﺎ" ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻫﺪﻯ ﲨﻼ ﻷﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ" ﺍﻹﲰﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺠﻤﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ" ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺗﺴﻌﲏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﲰﺎﺀ ﺗﻈﻠﲏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ" "ﻋﺒﺲ‪"31 :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﲰﺎﺀ ﺗﻈﻠﲏ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺗﻘﻠﲏ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺻﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﲏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻼ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺘﺤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺘﲔ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ" "ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‪" "30 :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻈﻠﻢ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪ "82 :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻧﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﲞﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﲪﻠﺘﻤﻮﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻤﻞ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﻴﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺇﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲎ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ" "ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ "26 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ" "ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‪ "30 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳑﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﻗﻮﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻔﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱐ ﻷﻇﻞ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻐﻄﻴﺎﹰ ﺭﺃﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﺄﺳﻨﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﲝﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﲔ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ "ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻍ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻳﺘﻨﺎ" "ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ "8 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺰﻯ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﺪ ﳑﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺗﺼﻐﺮ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺘﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺟﺮﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﺴﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻴﻔﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺘﺴﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﱳ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﰲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪69‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳉﺪ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻳﻌﲏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺪ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺏ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻏﻔﻮﺭ ﺭﺣﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻌﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻷﻡ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﳛﻬﺎ ﻭﴰﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻄﻔﻬﺎ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﰊ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﳚﺘﺎﺣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻷﺑﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻼﻥ ﺍﳊﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﺾ ﻳﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺄﻧﺪﺭ ﺛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﻫﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﲞﻤﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻣﻮﺻﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ ﻫﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﺠﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻤﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺮﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻘﺮ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻌﲑﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﳌﺎﻟﻜﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻦ ﳔﻼ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺮﻗﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻐﻠﻞ ﻭﻻ ﲡﱭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺮﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻏﻀﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻏﻨﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﺑﺸﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ﺛﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﻨﺖ‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ﺛﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻨﺖ ﺑﺸﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﲏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﻣﺮﺗﻚ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﻷﻥ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳏﺎﺭﺏ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻨﺖ ‪‬ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﺩﺏ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺫﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﳌﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﺒﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻫﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺄﰎ ﻭﻣﻨﻔﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺪ ﰒ ﻧﻔﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺪﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻃﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻓﻴﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻚ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻜﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻇﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﻚ ﺑﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﺣﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲟﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﳊﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﺎﺋﻎ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺪﻋﺎﺅﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻗﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﰲ ﳎﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﻨﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﺄﻧﺖ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻗﺒﻮﺍ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﰉ ﳌﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﺄﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲢﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﱳ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻦ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪71‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻫﻞ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻏﲑﻙ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﺬﻩ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺪﺗﲔ ﺃﺗﺘﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺃﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﻷﻡ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺛﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ " ﻻ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺬﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﺴﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﺬﻭﻕ ﻋﺴﻴﻠﺘﻚ" ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻓﻘﻌﺪﺕ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﺗﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﳕﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰒ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺜﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺃﺱ ﺑﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻴﺴﺘﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳋﱪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﺎﺯﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲪﺲ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻫﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺣﺠﺖ ﻣﺼﻤﺘﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺆﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﺋﻤﺘﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﻮﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻄﻴﻌﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻏﻼﻡ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻜﻬﻨﺖ ﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﱐ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﺀ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳝﺎﻅ ﺟﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻅ ﺟﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻇﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺻﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﺟﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺟﻠﻜﻢ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺑﺸﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻧﺬﻳﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺮﺍﺟﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﲑﺍﹰ ﻟﻴﻨﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺼﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﻞ ﺿﻼﻻ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺻﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺼﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻭﻻﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﻠﺢ ﻭﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺨﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﰒ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺣﻲ ﻭﻏﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻴﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻮﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻈﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻭﺍﺻﱪﻭﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﺭﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻋﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﻬﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺗﻔﻬﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻮﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳒﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﳒﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺑﲔ ﻟﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻻ ﺁﻟﻮﻛﻢ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﻠﺼﺘﻢ ﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺮﺑﻜﻢ ﺃﻃﻌﺘﻢ ﻭﺣﻈﻜﻢ ﺣﻔﻈﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺒﻄﺘﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻄﻮﻋﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮﺍ ﻟﺴﻠﻔﻜﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻮﺍ ﺟﺮﺍﻳﺘﻜﻢ ﺣﲔ ﻓﻘﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺘﻜﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﻀﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺧﲑ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺮ ﰲ ﺷﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ‬ ‫‪73‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﺻﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﲤﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻭﺃﻥ ﲣﻠﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻋﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﻫﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﲔ" "ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‪ "90 :‬ﰒ ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻦ ﲝﻘﻪ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻘﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻔﺄ ﻧﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻀﻴﺌﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺤﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻀﻴﺌﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﻜﻢ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻢ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﲔ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﻥ ﰒ ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﻐﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺗﺮﻭﺣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻏﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺁﺟﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺁﺟﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺘﺮﺩﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺁﺟﺎﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﻧﺴﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﺄ‪‬ﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺣﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻛﻢ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﺜﻴﺜﺎﹰ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﺒﺎ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺣﺼﻨﻮﻫﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ؟ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻌﻀﻊ ﺃﺭﻛﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺧﲎ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻇﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﻮﺡ ﻓﻼ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻈﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳝﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺘﺨﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻜﺒﻚ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺜﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺜﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﱄ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﺧﲑ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﻭﺧﲑ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﲤﻪ ﻭﺧﲑ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﱄ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﻌﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻧﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻓﻠﻴﺒﻚ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﺎﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻠﻜﻬﻦ ﺍﻷﲪﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﺆﺟﺮ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﱴ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻔﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻔﺰﻉ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻏﺒﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﰐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻐﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻀﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺿﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﲝﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺥ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻼ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺧﻮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺪﺑﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺪﺍﺀ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﰉ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻃﲑ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻈﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﺗﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺪﺡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﲏ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﲏ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺍﺧﺬﱐ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺷﻌﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﻀﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺧﻀﺮﺓ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻤﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﻨﺎﹰ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﱴ ﻳﻠﺤﻆ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰱ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻳﻠﺤﻆ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺪﻓﻌﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪75‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻠﺪﻙ ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍﻝ ﺘﻨﻌﻲ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﺠﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎ ﻴﻤﻭﺕ ﺩﻭﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻫﻴﺐ ﳌﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻫﻴﺐ ﳌﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺻﻼ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﺛﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺻﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﺕ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺭﺅﻳﺎﻙ ﻟﻴﺪﻓﻨﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺭﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﺃﺭﺩﻓﺖ ﻏﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺩ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺩﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺑﻴﺾ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻜﺜﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﱪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﺤﺮﺍﹰ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺭﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺃﻧﺰﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺩﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻢ ﺳﻮﺩ ﰒ ﺭﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻏﻨﻢ ﻋﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺩﻋﲏ ﺃﻋﱪﻫﺎ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﳓﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺅﻳﺎ ﻓﻘﺼﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻛﺄﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻘﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﺴﺒﻘﺘﻚ ﲟﺮﻗﺎﺗﲔ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻚ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻧﺼﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺑﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪76‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻚ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻔﻐﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻬﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺏ ﻓﻬﺪﺃ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺸﻴﺨﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﺅﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻳﻘﻆ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺑﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﻦ ﻣﻨﻚ" ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺢ ﻋﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻁ ﺫﻛﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻛﱪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺩﻧﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﻮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻼﻍ ﻭﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ ﺃﻭﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﻭﻳﻔﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ "ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻄﻌﻪ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻃﻮﻕ ﺃﺧﱵ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﱯ ﻃﻮﻗﻚ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﲞﻂ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻓﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﲑ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻓﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻣﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﱯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﺃﺷﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﻁ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﺍﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪78‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺜﻮﻩ ﺳﻔﲑﺍﹰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺎﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺜﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪﳝ ﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺭﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺯﻫﺎﺩﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﳋﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺼﻮﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺄﺣﺐ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺃﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﲏ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ "ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﱘ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ" "ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺔ‪"41 :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻠﱯ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺽ ﻟﻴﻼ‬ ‫‪79‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﱂ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﲏ ﻻ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺨﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺜﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻷﻋﻠﻨﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺘﻞ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻼ ﺃﺩﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺘﻨﻚ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺌﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺎ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﻓﻤﺸﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﳘﺎ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﲝﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﺮﺀﻭﻥ ﻃﻪ ﻗﺎﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﲢﺪﺛﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﲤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺘﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻪ ﻭﻃﺄ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻨﻔﺤﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﺪﻣﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﻀﱮ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﺄﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﳒﺲ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﺴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻢ ﻓﺎﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻃﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ "ﺇﻧﲏ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪﱐ ﻭﺃﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻟﺬﻛﺮﻱ" "ﻃﻪ‪ "14 :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﻟﻮﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺸﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ" ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﲪﺰﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻮﺣﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﲟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﲪﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﲟﻨﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﱰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻧﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﺟﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﲏ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺠﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺘﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﺟﻌﺖ ﻣﻐﻀﺒﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻮﺍ ﻣﲏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻭﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺄﺕ؟ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺑﻜﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻓﺎﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻧﺎﻭﻟﻴﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻻ ﳝﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﻟﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺎﻭﻟﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻬﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺫﻋﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ "ﺳﺒﺢ ﷲ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ" "ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪ "1 :‬ﻓﺬﻋﺮﺕ ﻓﻘﺮﺃﺕ ﺇﱃ "ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ" "ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ "136 :‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺇﱄ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﱪﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺸﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﺑﺄﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ" ﻭﺩﻟﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺄﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺷﺪﰐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﺮﺃ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﱄ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﺪﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻴﺎ ﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﲟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻲ ﻭﺟﺬﺑﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪﺕ ﻓﻜﱪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻔﺠﺎﺝ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻔﲔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺷﺄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﱄ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﱐ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺬﻫﺒﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﳋﺎﱄ ﻭﻗﻠﻞ ﱄ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﱄ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﱐ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻣﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺕ ﻓﻼﻧﺎﹰ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﺕ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄ ﻓﺒﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﺿﺮ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮﻧﲏ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﱄ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺒﺄ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﻤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﱵ ﻓﺘﻜﺸﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﲏ ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺃﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﲏ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﱄ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻙ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪81‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻷﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﲰﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﻮﺳﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻓﺎﺗﻜﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺧﺪﻋﻪ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺤﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳐﺘﻒ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﺩﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﲏ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺘﻚ ﻭﺧﺘﻨﻚ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﳘﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺧﺘﲏ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﺄﺩﻣﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﻚ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻴﻴﺖ ﺣﲔ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻭﱐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﺴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺓ "ﻃﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﺘﺸﻘﻰ" "ﻃﻪ‪ "1 :‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺴﲎ" "ﻃﻪ‪ "8 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻌﻈﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺮﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﻗﺘﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻜﱪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ؟ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﺻﻔﲔ ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﲪﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺇﱄ ﻭﺇﱃ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﺂﺑﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺴﻤﺎﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺟﱪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫‪82‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺸﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ" "ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪."64‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺯﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻋﺰﺓ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﻔﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﻔﻨﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻏﻠﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺩﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﻻ ﳐﺘﻔﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺗﻘﻠﺪ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻜﺐ ﻗﻮﺳﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻀﻰ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺃﺳﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻓﻄﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻫﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺜﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻴﺘﻢ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﺮﻣﻞ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﻠﻘﲏ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﰒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫‪83‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻡ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺛﺮﻱ ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﻏﲑﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻏﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ؟ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﻤﺺ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﳚﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎﹰ ﻓﺠﺎﹰ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻓﺠﺎﹰ ﻏﲑ ﻓﺠﻚ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻧﺎﺱ ﳏﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻣﱵ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ" ﺃﻱ ﻣﻠﻬﻤﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ "ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﻂ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮ ﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻧﱯ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺷﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻓﺤﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﻼﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻻ ﻧﺸﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﺝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺜﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻈﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻈﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺵ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻛﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﺣﻜﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻗﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻟﻮ ﻓﱰﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﱰﻉ ﺫﻧﻮﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺫﻧﻮﺑﲔ ﻭﰲ ﻧﺰﻋﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﻰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺭ ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻔﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﻄﻦ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ" ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺪﻳﺴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ " ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﲏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺸﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﳏﺪﺙ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻛﻴﻒ ﳏﺪﺙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻓﺤﻴﻬﻼ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺒﺾ‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻔﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺔ ﻟﺮﺟﺢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺳﻮﺳ ﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﻮﺫﻳﺎﹰ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ ﻓﺘﻤﺮﻏﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻘﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺠﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻓﺤﻴﻬﻼ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻘﻬﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﳋﲑ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﲑ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﹰ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺊ ﻋﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﳒﺪﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲡﺪ ﻧﻌﱵ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺪ ﻧﻌﺘﻚ ﻗﺮﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻣﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻇﺎﳌﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻟﻮﻻ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﻖ" "ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪ "68 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺠﱭ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻤﻮﻫﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺎﹰ" "ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ "53 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ" ﻭﺑﺮﺃﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﳓﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﻔﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪87‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺜﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺧﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺴﺄﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺣﱴ ﳚﻴﺌﲏ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﱐ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﺆﺗﺰﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﻜﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻬﻨﺄ ﺃﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺮ ﳌﻨﺨﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﺧﻄﺄ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﳘﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺮﻱﺀ ﳑﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﲞﲑ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﱰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺭﰊ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺍﲣﺬﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ "ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺼﻠﻰ" "ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ "125 :‬ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻚ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﳛﺘﺠﱭ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﺴﻰ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﻟﻪ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﺎﹰ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻜﻦ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺭﰊ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺮﻯ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﰲ ﲢﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺭﰊ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﲔ" "ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‪ "12 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻘﲔ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ "ﻓﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻘﲔ" "ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‪ "14 :‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﻋﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻛﺬﺍ؟ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬ ‫"ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ" "ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ "84 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎﹰ "ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪."219 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺎﺳﻌﺎﹰ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫"ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﺕ ﳍﻢ" ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‪ "6 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ‬ ‫"ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻚ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ" "ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪."5 :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻜﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺘﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺩﻟﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳏﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﱰﻝ‬ ‫"ﺃﺣﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ" "ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ "187 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﹰ ﳉﱪﻳﻞ" "ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ "97 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﹰ ﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻓﻼ ﻭﺭﺑﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ" "ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ "65 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻗﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‬ ‫‪89‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺩﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﻢ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺬﺍﻙ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻜﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﺮﺉ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻓﻼ ﻭﺭﺑﻚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ" "ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ "65 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﻫﺪﺭ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺑﺮﺉ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺗﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺬﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺣﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺬﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ" "ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ "40 - 39 :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻗﺼﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺗﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ؟ ﻻ ﳒﻴﺒﻨﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻞ ﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺨﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺎﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻼﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮ ﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻮﱄ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﰲ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻫﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺳﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺼﻴﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻇﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺟﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺳﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺧﻠﺪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻫﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﳝﺮﻭﻥ ﲝﺒﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﻭﺯﻭﺍ ﻫﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﺪﻟﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻦ ﺇﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺸﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻟﻮﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﲣﻄﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﻴﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻳﺆﺗﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﻠﻚ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺤﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳉﺒﻞ ﻓﻠﺒﺜﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻘﻮﻧﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻠﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺤﻘﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺒﻞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻗﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻌﺪﻭﻧﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻃﻌﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﲰﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲨﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳑﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻳﻬﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺬﺍﺕ ﻟﻈﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻗﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺈ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻨﻴﻠﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰒ ﺃﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻳﻬﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﺣﱴ ﳘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳉﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻳﻬﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻓﻼ ﲡﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﳚﺮﻳﻚ ﻓﺄﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻳﻚ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻴﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻜﺬﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺣﺒﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﰒ ﳛﺪﺛﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺒﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻚ ﺣﻖ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺒﺴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺪﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺼﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻏﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻟﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺌﻬﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻤﺮﺕ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻠﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻒ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﰐ ﻭﻗﻮﺕ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﻛﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﻏﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﻓﻘﺮﻫﻢ ﰒ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺮﺫﻭﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻃﻴﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻧﺼﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺎﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﺌﺬ ﲰﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﲰﻴﻨﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﺁﻛﻞ ﻃﻴﺒﺎﰐ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻣﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻣﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻛﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺀ ﺳﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﱯ ﺷﻬﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺣﻞ ﻳﺮﻓﺄ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻼ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻜﺘﻼ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲢﺖ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﻋﺬﺑﺖ ‪‬ﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺬﻭﻕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺩﻡ ﻭﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻳﺆﺩﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﳝﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﻘﻄﻪ ﻭﻳﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺭﻗﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﺩﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺠﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﺴﻄﺎﻃﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻈﻞ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺧﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳝﺮ ﺑﺎﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﺴﻘﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﺘﻘﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﻌﺬﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺗﺒﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻨﺔ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﱂ ﺃﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﻲ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺪﱐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪93‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻔﺺ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻋﺠﺒﺘﲏ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺻﻬﺮ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﺧﺎﺋﻨﺎﹰ؟ ﰒ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺘﺠﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺗﻘﺮﻗﺮ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻦ ﻓﻨﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﺑﺈﺻﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﻮﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺄﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﺫﻧﻪ ﰒ ﻳﱰﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻗﻂ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻼﻝ ﻷﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲡﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻼﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻠﺤﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲰﻦ ﻓﺄﰉ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻡ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﳍﻢ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺣﺎﻓﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺃﻋﺴﺮ ﻃﻮﺍﻻ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺗﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﲪﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﺃﺷﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻔﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻻ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻋﺴﺮ ﻳﺴﺮ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﺧﻔﺔ ﺳﺒﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺻﻬﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺣﻨﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﰎ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﲪﺺ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻠﺔ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻃﱪﻳﺔ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺽ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﲨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺗﻘﻬﻘﺮ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﺑﺎﳉﺒﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺒﺞ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺴﻴﺎﺀ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﲟﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻂ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﲰﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺴﻘﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺴﺘﺴﻘﻰ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﻢ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﶈﻞ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﱪﺣﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻘﻮﺍ ﻓﺄﻃﺒﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺟﻨﺪﻳﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺍﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﲰﻴﺴﺎﻁ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻗﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﻠﺤﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺟﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﻋﺎﺟﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺬﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﳘﺬﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﺲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﲏ ﺃﻧﺎﺥ ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻄﺢ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻛﱪﺕ ﺳﲏ ﻭﺿﻌﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﰐ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺭﻋﻴﱵ ﻓﺎﻗﺒﻀﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻀﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﻠﺦ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺃﺟﺪﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﺗﻘﺘﻞ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﱐ ﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﲜﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻗﲏ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻮﰐ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺩﻳﻜﺎﹰ ﻧﻘﺮﱐ ﻧﻘﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺃﺟﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻭﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﻀﻴﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺠﻞ ﰊ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﰱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﺴﱯ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻏﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﳒﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫‪96‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺸﺘﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺟﻚ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﻄﺎﹰ ﻳﺘﺬﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻴﺎﱄ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﱂ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺷﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻨﻌﺖ ﺭﺣﻰ ﺗﻄﺤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﺎﺑﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺻﻨﻌﻦ ﻟﻚ ﺭﺣﻰ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﱐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺁﻧﻔﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻨﺠﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺭﺃﺳﲔ ﻧﺼﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﻓﻜﻤﻦ ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻮﻗﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻃﻌﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲞﻨﺠﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺃﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﻌﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺛﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻏﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻻﻙ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻱ ﻭﺃﺿﻤﺮ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺷﺤﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﲰﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺻﻔﻮﻓﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺣﺬﺍﺀﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻃﻌﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﲪﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺗﲔ ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻨﺒﻴﺬ ﻓﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻓﺴﻘﻮﻩ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺜﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻔﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻ ﱄ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﱄ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﱄ ﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺫﻫﺒﺎﹰ ﻻﻓﺘﺪﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻊ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﰲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺻﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻴﱵ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﰱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺁﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﺳﺄﻝ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻒ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺄﻝ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﻷﻭﺛﺮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﺹ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﺣﻖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪97‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻓﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺮﺓ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻳﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺈﱐ ﱂ ﺃﻋﺰ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﳕﺸﻲ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻮﻩ ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻓﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺨﻼ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺭﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﺄﻳﻜﻤﺎ ﻳﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﳒﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻ ﺁﻟﻮﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻻ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﺨﻼ ﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺌﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻚ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻟﻦ ﻭﻟﺌﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻌﻦ ﻭﻟﺘﻄﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﰒ ﺧﻼ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﲏ ﺃﺟﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺄﻟﲏ‬ ‫ﺭﰊ ﻗﻠﺖ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﱯ ﺃﻣﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﻴﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ"‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﲏ ﺃﺟﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺄﻟﲏ ﺭﰊ ﱂ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻧﻪ ﳛﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ" ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺗﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻﺎﹰ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﲏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﰒ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﺛﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲬﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻋﻈﺎﹰ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻡ ﺃﳝﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲣﺬ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣ ﺮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﲝﺮ ﺃﻳﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺘﺒﺲ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺎﺀﻙ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻫﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﻔﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺩﻳﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻗﱪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﲣﺬ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﻓﺮﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﺼﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻩ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺜﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻷﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺟﻠﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻓﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﻼ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺻﺒﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ؟ ﻟﺘﺨﺮﺟﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻭﳓﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻓﺠﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﲔ ﻭﻓﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻢ ﻓﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻌﺪﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻄﻮﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﲑﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻢ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﺴﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﲟﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻟﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﲔ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﻴﲏ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﻮﱐ ﻭﺇﱐ ﲞﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﺨﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻳﺴﺮﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﻔﺖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻳﺴﺮﺕ ﻗﻀﻴﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺃﻋﺴﺮ ﻓﻴﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺿﺎﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺤﺘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻄﺎﺅﻩ ﻓﻘﻀﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻜﻰ ﺷﻜﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻋﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻧﺘﻢ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﺄﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺩﺑﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﳋﺎﺋﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﺇﺫ ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻜﻭﺍﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺘﺨﺸﻰ ﻋﻭﺍﻗﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺭﻗﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻀﺠﻴﻊ ﺃﻻﻋﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﺤﺯﺡ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺭ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺸﻰ ﺭﻗﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻤﻭﻜﻼ‬

‫ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻔﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﻜﺎﺘﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻤﺨﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻴﺼﺩﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﺒﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻝ ﻤﺭﺍﺘﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻴﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺍﺫﺍﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻠﻚ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰒ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﲝﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻌﺴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﻛﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻒ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺨﺬﻩ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﳒﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻔﺨﺬﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳒﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳜﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺿﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻨﺠﺪﻙ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﲤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺖ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺤﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺧﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ‬ ‫‪101‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺟﱪﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻭﻫﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻻ ﻻ ﳚﻠﺪﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﳊﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺏ ﻟﺌﻼ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ ﲪﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻠﻲ ﺁﺗﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻓﺰﻋﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲞﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﲑ ﰒ ﺗﻨﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﰒ ﳜﻀﺮ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﰒ ﳛﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﰒ ﻳﻴﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻨﻀﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺄﻃﻴﺐ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻛﻞ ﰒ ﻳﻴﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺭﺳﻠﻲ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻠﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺪﻗﻮﻙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺖ ﺑﻌﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺇﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ "ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ" "ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪."59 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻓﺸﺎﻃﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺼﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﺼﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺷﻐﻠﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﱄ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻏﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﺞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺘﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺃﺳﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻻ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﻜﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻗﺾ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺣﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﺴﻭﺩ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻭﻻ ﺤﺫﺍﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪102‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺭﻗﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺨﻠﻴﻝ ﺃﻻﻋﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﺤﺯﺡ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺭ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻏﺰﻳﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﳘﲏ ﻓﺄﻓﺮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﲏ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ؟ ﻓﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﲢﺒﺲ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺸﻜﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻨﺠﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺘﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺷﻜﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺳﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻟﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺣﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺑﻜﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺠﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻐﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﲑ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﱐ ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻠﲏ ﻓﺎﻩ ﻓﻼ ﻛﲎ ﰒ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺩﱐ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﲏ ﺑﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﺒﺶ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﲰﻨﻮﱐ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺍ ﳍﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﺄﲰﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺯﺍﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﲝﻮﱐ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺷﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﰒ ﺃﻛﻠﻮﱐ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺃﰊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﱪ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﻻ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻷﻭﺟﻌﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻏﺪﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺇ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﲨﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺧﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻠﻴﺘﻢ ﰊ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﺖ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲝﻀﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳛﺴﻦ ﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻴﺊ ﻧﻌﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﻳﺮﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﲤﺴﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻳﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳛﺼﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﳑﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﺍ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﻨﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﻭﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻓﺒﺪﺀﻭﺍ ﻳﺒﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﰒ ﺃﺗﺒﻌﻮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻀﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺯﺍﻗﻬﻢ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﺌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻵﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﲰﻊ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﺼﺮﺥ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﺎﻓﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻚ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻮﺍﺗﻚ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺒﲑ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻳﺮﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺣﺼﺎﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﻓﻔﺘﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺼﺪﺕ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺷﻌﺮﺕ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺒﲑ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺮﺥ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺣﺠﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﺫ ﺻﺪﺭﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﶈﺼﺐ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﻧﺎﺥ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻘﲑﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺭﻜﺏ ﺠﻨﺎﺤﻲ ﻨﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬

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‫ﻴﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻷﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺯﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺩﺭﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺱ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﻭﺍﺌﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻜﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻔﺘﻕ‬

‫ﻗﻀﻴﺕ ﺃﻤﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﺜﻡ ﻏﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻜﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻄﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻨﺠﺮ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰒ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﰲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻄﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻃﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﻻ ﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ؟ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻧﱯ ﻳﻮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻭﺣﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﻬﺪﻙ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻋﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻙ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺰﺩ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻃﻔﻠﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻓﺄﻭﺣﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻃﻔﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ‪ :‬ﻟﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺒﻘﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻗﺒﻀﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻠﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻊ ﺻﻮﺕ ﲜﺒﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻜﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺒﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﺒﺭ ﺨﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺸﻜﻭﺍ ﺼﺭﻋﻰ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﻗﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻋﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺘ ﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﻛﻔﲏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺃﺑﺪﻟﲏ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻠﺒﲏ ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﰐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺪ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺿﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺿﻼﻋﻲ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﻛﻮﱐ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﰊ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﱄ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻘﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﻜﻢ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﲢﻤﻠﻮﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻮﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ‬ ‫‪105‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻋﺮﺵ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻴﻬﺪ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﱐ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﺭﺀﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﱴ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺘﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺭﰊ ﳍﻠﻜﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺛﺖ ﻋﺎﺗﻜﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻋﻴﻥ ﺠﻭﺩﻱ ﺒﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺤﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻨﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻓﺠﻌﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻬﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻭﺏ‬

‫ﻗﻝ ﻷﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺅﺱ ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺘﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺇﺫ ﺴﻘﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﺄﺱ ﺸﻌﻭﺏ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻋﻴﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﻌﺼﻌﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻨﺪﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻞ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻭﺑﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺟﺤﺶ ﻭﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ ﻭﺳﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻮﱘ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﺠﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪106‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪﳝﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺗﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻟﻴﺎﱄ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻬﻤﻪ ﻭﺁﺟﺮﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻳﲔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﲑ ﺑﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺒﺪﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺩﻓﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺰﻭﺟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻨﱵ ﻧﱯ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻲ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻉ ﻭﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻃﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﰎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﺳﻚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻌﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺧﺎﱄ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﻌﻔﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪107‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﱂ ﲰﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺑﻨﱵ ﻧﱯ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻰ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﲰﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﱵ‬ ‫ﻧﱯ ﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺫﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻸ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﱳ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﲏ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﱪﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺘﲔ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﲎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﲎ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺗﻮﺃﻣﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﲑ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﺸﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﲪﺮﺓ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﺭﻱ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺩﻳﺲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ ﺧﺬﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺴﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﺟﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺛﻐﺮﺍﹰ ﲨﺘﻪ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﳜﻀﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻗﻂ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺤﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﻢ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺳﺄﻟﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﺎﹰ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫‪108‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﻭﺛﻘﻪ ﺭﺑﺎﻃﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻦ ﳏﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺩﻋﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺪﻉ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺩﻋﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻓﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺻﻼﺑﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻮﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﻠﻚ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲜﺪﻙ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻧﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲨﻊ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﺃﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﲔ ﺣﻮﺻﺮ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻟﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﺠﻬﺰ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻟﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ؟ ﻓﺤﻔﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺼﺪﻗﻮﻩ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳛﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﻌﲑ ﺑﺄﺣﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺣﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ ﺑﻌﲑ ﺑﺄﺣﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺣﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﻌﲑ ﺑﺄﺣﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺣﲔ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ ﻓﻨﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻩ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪109‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺿﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻳﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻘﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻤﺼﻚ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻓﻼ ﲣﻠﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﱐ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱄ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﰊ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲢﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ " :‬ﺯﻭﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱄ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﱄ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﺮ ﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻀﻊ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻳﺸﺎﻭﺭﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﺟﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻼ ﳜﻠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺄﺑﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﺪﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻠﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﳝﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﻣﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺘﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻧﱯ؟ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﰒ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻮﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﲑ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﱂ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﲑ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﲑ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﲑ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻼ ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﻫﻮﻯ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪111‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﻧﺄﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﻀﺖ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﻋﺎﻑ ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻑ ﺣﱴ ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﻴﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻷﻣﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺁﺛﺮ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺯﻳﺪﻛﻢ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﺰﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﱪﺱ ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻣﻠﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺴﻘﻄﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺗﺖ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺧﱪﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺪﻓﻨﺖ ﺑﻘﱪﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺭﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺭﺍ ﲜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻓﻐﺰﺍ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻼ ﻭﺟﺒﻼ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰒ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﻗﱪﺱ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻒ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺪ ﺧﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺇﻥ ﲢﺮﻙ ﺃﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﻕ ﻭﺇﻥ ﳒﺎ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﲪﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﻐﺰﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﱪﺱ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺇﺻﻄﺨﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﺴﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺷﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻘﻔﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺝ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺟﻮﺭ ﻭﺑﻼﺩ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﻮﺱ ﻭﺳﺮﺧﺲ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﻭ ﻭﺑﻴﻬﻖ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪112‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﲣﺬ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺪﺭﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺃﻭﻗﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳍﺬﱄ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﱄ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻵﺫﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻑ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﱄ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻻﻥ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻬﻢ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺍﱏ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﳌﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﲞﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺴﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﳐﱪﻱ ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺷﺄﻧﻪ؟ ﻭﱂ ﺧﺬﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻇﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﺬﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺬﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﱄ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﳑﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳚﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺰﳍﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬ ‫‪113‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻤﻜﺚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﺸﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻈﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺄﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻏﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺣﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻷﰊ ﺫﺭ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﳐﺰﻭﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻨﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳊﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﺸﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻳﺘﻬﺪﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﰉ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﱰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻜﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻮﻙ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺄﺑﻴﺖ؟ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﺼﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻚ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻓﺄﻧﺼﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻐﻼﻡ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﲑ ﳜﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﺧﺒﻄﺎﹰ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺘﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ؟ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﻫﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺟﻬﲏ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲟﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻓﻔﺘﺸﻮﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺴﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺘﻘﻠﻘﻞ ﻓﺤﺮﻛﻮﻩ ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻓﺸﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﰒ ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﲟﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﺎﻙ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻞ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻚ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ ﳚﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺘﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻟﻴﺄﺗﻴﻚ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺰﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺯﻣﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺘﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﲞﻮﺍﺗﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺠﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪114‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻓﻀﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﲟﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺃﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻨﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺣﻨﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﻴﻈﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﺤﻘﻮﺍ ﲟﻨﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﺘﻢ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺮﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺃﺟﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﲏ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﻱ ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻏﻼﻣﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﺑﻌﲑﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﱄ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳋﺎﰎ ﺧﺎﲤﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻏﻼﻣﻚ ﺑﺒﻌﲑﻙ ﻭﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﲤﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ؟ ﻓﺤﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﻂ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻂ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺷﻜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻀﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺷﻜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﱪﺃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻭﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﰉ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﺴﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻗﺮﺏ ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﺮﺡ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﱄ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﺫﻫﺒﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻜﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﻋﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﳝﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺧﻀﺐ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺧﻀﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺞ ﻗﻨﱪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺨﺸﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻀﺐ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻓﻴﺜﲑﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻓﺮﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻄﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺘﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻨﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺘﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪115‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺃﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺿﺒﻄﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﺩﺧﻼ ﻓﺘﻮﺟﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﺘﻼﻩ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻠﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺭﺁﻙ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ ﻟﺴﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﲏ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺧﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺟﺂﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻼﻩ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺻﺮﺧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﺮﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺻﻌﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺳﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﻋﻘﻮﳍﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﱪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﺎﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻻﺑﻨﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﻄﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺷﺘﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﺒﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻬﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﻤﺪ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﺣﻖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻣﺪ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻌﻚ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲟﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﻜﺬﺏ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﱐ ﺃﰊ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺗﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻬﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﺃﺷﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﲪﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺧﺼﺎﻻ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻓﺘﻘﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺮﻕ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻘﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻚ ﻓﺘﻠﺤﻖ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﻠﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺈﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻳﻠ ﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻓﻠﻦ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻦ ﺃﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪116‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺠﺮﰐ ﻭﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺄﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﰊ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﱐ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺤﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺤﲏ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻨﻴﺖ ﻭﻻ ﲤﻨﻴﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﳝﻴﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺕ ﰊ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺯﻧﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﲨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺶ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺇﻥ ﷲ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻏﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻐﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ" ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻻ ﳝﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﺜﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﱪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺪﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﱂ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻟﺊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺑﺮﺃ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻃﺎﺵ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻭﱐ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻷﺳﺘﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﺳﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﻣﺸﻔﻖ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻋﺰﳝﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫‪117‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﺻﺪﻉ ﻗﻠﱯ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺧﺬ ﻣﲏ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎﻷﺕ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﺼﻮﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﺛﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﺻﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺟﺬﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻟﻴﺴﻠﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻤﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﱯ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺻﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﲨﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺛﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻑ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻏﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻴﻘﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻐﺎﻓﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﻠﻭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻝ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﺎﺘﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻜﻴﻑ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺼﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻋﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﺒﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺩﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻓﻝ؟‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻔﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﻴﺆﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﻫﻢ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻔﻮﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﳍﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﳛﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻨﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻬﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﳜﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺠﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻰ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺗﺞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﺶ ﺗﺄﺗﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺯﻛﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﻄﺄ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻧﻘﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﳜﻄﺊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻠﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﲔ ﻓﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﲰﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻃﲑﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻼﻫﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻟﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺴﺮ ﺍﳉﻼﻫﻘﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﺸﻢ ﻭﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺨﺮ ﻭﺣﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻠﺘﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪119‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻘﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺳﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺅﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﳍﺬﱄ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﺎﹰ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﻮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺍﺧﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﲔ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﱄ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻄﲔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪﳝﺎﹰ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﻗﻂ ﻟﺼﻐﺮﻩ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ "ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ" ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫‪120‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﲰﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻸﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻄﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺣﱴ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻦ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺧﻴﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﰒ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺮ ﳒﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻠﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻔﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺠﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﻸ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﲣﻠﻔﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﲏ‬ ‫ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ؟ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ‪ :‬ﻷﻋﻄﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﻏﺪﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﳛﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﳛﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺪﻭﻛﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪121‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻌﻄﺎﻫﺎ؟ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻏﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ؟ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺘﻜﻲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺒﺼﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻓﱪﺉ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺄﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻊ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ" ﻳﺪﻭﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻱ ﳜﻮﺿﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﻧﺪﻉ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻛﻢ" "ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "61‬ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﺴﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﳛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺫﻱ ﻣﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﻳﺮﺙ ﻭﺣﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﻩ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻷﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺒﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﲰﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﺪﻳﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﻩ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﱐ‬ ‫ﲝﺐ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﺒﻬﻢ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﲰﻬﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﺧﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻣﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺁﺧﻴﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺆﺍﺥ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪122‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﺒﺔ ﻭﺑﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻤﺔ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺍﻷﻣﻲ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺒﲏ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻐﻀﲏ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﺑﺒﻐﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ" ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺜﺘﲏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﺏ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﺒﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﻜﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺃﻧﺒﺄﱐ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻜﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻗﻀﺎﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻔﺘﻴﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺪﻭﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﺘﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺳﻠﻮﱐ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺱ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﺓ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪123‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺷﱴ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ "ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ" ﺇﻻ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻣﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﲞﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻨﺐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻏﲑﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻙ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺐ ﱂ ﳚﺘﺮﺉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ" ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﱄ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﻓﺴﺌﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻦ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳓﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﻣﺪﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺪﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﻭﺗﻔﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻴﲏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺁﺫﺍﱐ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪124‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺑﻐﻀﲏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺒﲏ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﱰﻳﻠﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺘﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ"‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﳏﺐ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﻳﻔﺮﻃﲏ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻭﻣﺒﻐﺾ ﻣﻔﺘﺮ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺂﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻬﺘﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻴﻤﺮ ﲦﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻗﺮﻧﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻳﻌﲏ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ" ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻷﺧﻴﺸﻦ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻃﺎﺋﻌﲔ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺼﻔﲔ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪125‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ ﻓﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻮﺍ ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﺫﺭﺡ ﻓﻴﻨﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﲝﺮﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺨﺎﺻﻤﻬﻢ ﻭﺣﺠﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﺫﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﻀﺮﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﺄﻗﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺻﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻋﺼﻰ ﻭﻳﻄﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺪﺏ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻫﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻗﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻠﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﻳﺮﳛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱪﻙ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﲑ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻛﻔﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻫﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻘﻲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻓﻜﺎﲤﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺤﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺪﺩ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﺩﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﻟﲏ ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﱄ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﺪﳍﻢ ﰊ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﳍﻢ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻧﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﻓﺸﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﺛﻖ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻭﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻴﻼ ﰒ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﺟﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻜﻮﺍ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ‪:‬‬ ‫‪126‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﺭ ﻤﻬﺭﺍﹰ ﺴﺎﻗﻪ ﺫﻭ ﺴﻤﺎﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻜﻤﻬﺭ ﻗﻁﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﻋﺠﻡ‬

‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﻭﻗﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻀﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻤﻬﺭ ﺃﻏﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻏﻼ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻓﺘﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﺘﻙ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻠﺠﻡ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻲ ﻗﱪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻨﺒﺸﻪ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﱪﺩ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﱪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﱪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲪﻠﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﻓﻨﻮﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺴﲑﻫﻢ ﻟﻴﻼ ﺇﺫ ﻧﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺭ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻃﻴﺊ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﻩ ﻓﺪﻓﻨﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺰﺍﺭﺓ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﺪﻭﻧﺎ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﺛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﲣﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﲑﻙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ؟ ﺃﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺃﺧﺎ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪﺓ ﻭﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﺘﻼ ﻭﱂ ﳝﺖ ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﻣﻜﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﱄ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ‬ ‫‪127‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻴﺆﺫﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﻜﺎﱐ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻭﻏﻀﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﱳ ﺻﻮﺍﺣﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻧﺎ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻫﻼ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﺄﺩﻳﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﺰﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﻏﺰﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻏﺰﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮﻃﻲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺗﻮﻻﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﺄﺩﻳﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺰﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﻏﺰﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻏﺰﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺴﻮﻃﻲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺾ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﱵ ﻭﺳﺎﺑﻘﱵ ﻭﺳﺎﻟﻔﱵ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﰊ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﺸﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺫﻧﺒﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﳊﻘﻪ ﰲ ﻗﱪﻩ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳏﺎﺑﺎﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﺜﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﱪﺉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻫﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﻇﻨﻨﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﻟﻮﺍ ﰊ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﻧﻄﻴﻊ ﳌﻦ ﻭﻻﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻋﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺑﻴﻌﱵ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻟﻐﲑﻱ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺩﻳﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﺰﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﻏﺰﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻏﺰﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺴﻮﻃﻲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻛﻘﺮﺍﺑﱵ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﺑﻘﱵ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺣﻖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﰲ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺾ ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺣﺎﺭﺳﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺴﻤﻌﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﻨﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﻏﺮﻭﺭﻗﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺷﻴﺨﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪128‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻯ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﺼﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﳘﺎ ﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﲤﺴﻚ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻌﻨﲏ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﻨﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﲏ ﻭﻻ ﺗﱪﺃ ﻣﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﱐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﻌﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﻌﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮﻩ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻄﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺍﺫﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺣﺪﺙ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻓﻜﺬﺑﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﺎﺫﺑﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺩﻉ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﱪﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺶ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻳﺘﻐﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺭﻏﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺭﻏﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﺍﺟﻠﺲ ﻭﺗﻐﺪ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻭﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻭﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﻏﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﺡ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺬﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻮﺿﺎﹰ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻏﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﱄ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻏﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺿﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﻔﻌﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺼﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﺧﺒﺰﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺒﺰﻙ ﻓﺄﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺮﺿﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﲏ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻏﻔﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺛﻠﺜﺎﹰ ﺃﻛﻠﺘﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻛﻼ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻛﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﺖ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻟﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺛﻠﺜﺎﹰ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻘﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﻙ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺍﻵﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻕ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﺪﺩ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﻭﰐ ﺑﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﳘﺎ ﻓﺨﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺄﻗﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﺄﺿﺮﺏ ﻇﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬ ‫‪129‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺯﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻧﺘﻚ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺘﻚ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﺲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳛﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﱄ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﻔﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﳊﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻨﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﻴﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﻰ ﺇﱄ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺣﺮﻑ ﻓﺎﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺒﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺒﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺒﺄ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻌﻞ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﺯﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﺮ ﻭﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻀﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻓﺠﻤﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﱂ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﱂ ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺰﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺟﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﺴﻨﺘﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺟﺴﺎﺩﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﻳﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻻ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻗﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﲣﺎﻟﻒ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫‪130‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﳚﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻌﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺧﲑ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺧﲑ ﻗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺧﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺣﺸﺔ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻠﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲝﺮ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺠﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﺘﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻞ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻚ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻧﻜﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﳍﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﺀ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺄﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻃﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱐ ﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺓ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺓ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﻮﺓ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻐﺼﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺘﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﺭﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺒﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻁﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻁﻤﺄﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺭ ﻻﻨﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺭ ﻭﺠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻀﺎﻕ ﺒﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻏﻨﻰ ﺒﺤﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﻴﺏ‬

‫ﺃﺘﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﻭﻁ ﻤﻨﻙ ﻏﻭﺙ‬

‫ﻴﺠﻲﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻨﺎﻫﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻤﻭﺼﻭﻝ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪131‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻴﺎﻙ ﻭﺇﻴﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﺘﺼﺤﺏ ﺃﺨﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻫﻝ ﺃﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺤﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺁﺨﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻴﻘﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬

‫ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﻭﺃﺸﺒﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻌﻝ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎﺫﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﻘﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻝ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﻠﻘﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﱪﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺼﻔﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻙ ﻤﻤﺯﻭﺝ ﺒﺘﻜﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺭﺯﻗﻭﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﻘﻝ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺕ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻡ ﺭﺯﻗﻭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻴﺏ ﻟﺒﻴﺏ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺤﻤﻕ ﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﻨﻴﺎﻩ ﺒﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺯﺍﺓ ﺒﺄﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﻓﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﻔﺵ ﺴﺭﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻴﻙ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻜﻝ ﻨﺼﻴﺢ ﻨﺼﻴﺤﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﻏﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎ‬

‫ﻝ ﻻ ﻴﺩﻋﻭﻥ ﺃﺩﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺤﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻙ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺣﻔﻆ ﻋﲏ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻏﲎ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﲪﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻚ ﻓﻴﻀﺮﻙ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻴﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻓﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﻤﻌﺮ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻼ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺝ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪132‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻔﲔ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺩﺭﻋﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺩﺭﻋﻲ ﱂ ﺃﺑﻊ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻫﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺼﻤﻲ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺃﺻﻐﺮﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﻐﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﻋﻲ ﱂ ﺃﺑﻊ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻫﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺃﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺃﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧ ﻌﻢ ﻗﻨﱪ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺩﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﻟﻸﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺳﻴﺪﺍ ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪﻣﲏ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﺩﺭﻋﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻜﺜﲑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﰱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻢ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﰊ ﻭﻫﺐ ﱄ ﻗﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻘﻮﻻ ﻭﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺃﻡ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺃﻡ ﰲ ﺟﺒﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺇﻣﺎﺭﰐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺁﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺗﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺋﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺰﻋﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﱰﻳﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺣﺴﻤﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪133‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﺧﺬﻭﻫﻦ ﻋﲏ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻓﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻧﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻨﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺧﺺ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺲ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺌﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺐ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺐ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺱ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺎﺅﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺩﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺫﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻷﰊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﱄ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺛﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺃﻻ ﻴﺎ ﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺤﻙ ﺃﺴﻌﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻻ ﺘﺒﻜﻲ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺒﻜﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻜﻠﺜﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺒﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻻ ﻗﻝ ﻟﻠﺨﻭﺍﺭﺝ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻗﺭﺕ ﻋﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﺠﻌﺘﻤﻭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻁﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻡ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻜﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻟﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺭﻜﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻟﺒﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﺫﺍﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺤﺏ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺵ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬

‫ﺒﺄﻨﻙ ﺨﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﺤﺴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺕ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻅﺭﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻨﺎ ﻗﺒﻝ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺒﺨﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻨﺭﻯ ﻤﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺭﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻴﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺒﺭﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻜﺎﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻨﻌﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩ ﺴﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫ ﻓﻘﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﺘﺸﻤﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺨﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺘﻼ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻮﺣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﱐ ﻭﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺕ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﲤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻂ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﺒﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﺒﻂ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺭﳛﺎﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺼﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﲰﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﲰﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﻮﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻋﻖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺳﺎﺑﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻠﻖ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﺰﻧﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺣﱴ ﲰﻰ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺌﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﳘﺎ ﺭﳛﺎﻧﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺳﻴﺪﺍ ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻛﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﱵ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺒﻬﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲪﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﺭﻛﺒﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻭﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻫﻮ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﳚﻲﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﺟﺪ ﻓﲑﻛﺐ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﱰﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ ﻓﻴﻔﺮﺝ ﻟﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻟﻊ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﲪﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﻬﺶ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﺩ ﺷﻨﻮﺀﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺿﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ" ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺫﺍ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺸﻤﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﺪﻭﺣﺎﹰ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‬ ‫‪136‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺞ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﲬﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﻟﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﺶ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﺶ ﲰﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﻞ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺑﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺑﻚ ﻭﺑﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﺜﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻠﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ؟ ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﳏﻮ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﳑﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺳﺒﻚ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻮﻋﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﺟﺰﺍﻙ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺪﻗﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﺎﺫﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﷲ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻧﻘﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻆ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﺨﻂ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﳛﻚ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺝ ﺃﻑ ﻟﻚ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺷﻌﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻓﺘﺄﺫﻥ؟‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﷲ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻧﻌﻼ ﻭﳝﺴﻚ ﻧﻌﻼ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺧﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﳝﺴﻚ ﺧﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻄﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺼﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻄﻼﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﱰﻭﺟﻨﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻃﻠﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﳛﻈﲔ‬ ‫‪137‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺣﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻜﻰ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺒﻜﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﲡﺮﻋﻪ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺮﻋﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﱪﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻢ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﺄﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻜﻞ ﻋﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﲟﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻓﺎﺻﻄﻠﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻈﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺌﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ" ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﱰﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺬﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺖ ﲟﺬﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺘﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﲨﺎﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﳛﺎﺭﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﳌﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﳌﺖ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﺃﺑﺘﺰﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﺗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﲰﺘﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺩﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﺘﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻔﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺿﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻓﻨﺮﺿﺎﻙ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺟﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﳜﱪﻩ ﲟﻦ ﺳﻘﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﱪﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻧﻘﻤﺔ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻇﻦ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﰊ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺑﺮﻱﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎﹰ "ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪138‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ" "ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ‪ "1 :‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺼﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺭﺅﻳﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺿﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻄﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﺿﺎﻕ ﺇﺿﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻋﻮﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻷﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻷﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﲞﲑ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺖ ﻭﺷﻜﻮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻋﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺩﻋﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻚ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﻨﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺬﻑ ﰲ ﻗﻠﱯ ﺭﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﻭﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﺭﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻏﲑﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﰐ ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﻪ ﺇﳍﻲ ﺭﻏﺒﱵ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﱵ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﻓﺨﺼﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﳊﺤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﳜﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﺖ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﲞﲑ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺘﻪ ﲝﺪﻳﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺟﺰﻉ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﳘﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻭﳘﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻙ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﳘﺎ ﺧﺎﻻﻙ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋﻤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﱐ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱂ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺭ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮﻑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮﻑ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺻﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻚ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻭﻩ ﻓﺼﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰒ ﻧﻮﺯﻉ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻚ ﺳﻔﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺩﻓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﻨﻌﻮﻧﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺗﻰ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺻﺨﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﺣﻨﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﲪﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ "ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﺪﻳﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﻃﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﻓﺄﺣﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﲨﻴﻼﹰ ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻜﺮﻫﻮﺍ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺈﻧ ﻜﻢ ﻟﻮ ﻓﻘﺪﲤﻮﻩ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ ﺗﻨﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﺍﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﱪﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺠﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻫﺎﺀ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻭﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﲝﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻘﻮﻣﻨﻚ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﲟﺎﺫﺍ؟ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﺸﺐ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﺣﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺟﻬﻼ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻧﺎﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺄﻗﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻟﻦ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻋﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲞﻼﻑ ﻏﲑﻩ ﳑﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﱄ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺞ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻘﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻗﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﱂ‬ ‫ﳚﻌﻼﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﳘﺎ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺣﺞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻛﻨﺖ ﲢﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻻ ﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺬﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﰲ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﳍﻢ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﲞﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﻧﻚ ﲢﺬﺭﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﻷﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﻠﻨﺎﻙ ﰲ‬ ‫‪141‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻌﻴﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺟﺬﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻭﺛﺐ ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻛﻔﻨﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻠﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﻓﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻮﱐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺖ ﰒ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺛﻌﻠﺐ ﺭﻭﺍﻍ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﺇﻧﻚ ﻋﻤﺪﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻓﻨﻔﺨﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﲪﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﻠﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺰﳍﺎ ﻭﻫﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻓﻠﻨﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻷﻳﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﻧﻄﻴﻊ؟ ﻻ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﰒ ﺭﺍﺡ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﺭ ﺯﻋﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻧﺮﺿﻰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮ ﻻ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﲔ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺭﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻼﺀ ﺻﱪﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻀﻴﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﻐﺸﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﺨﻼ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻪ ﻭﻫﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻪ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﳉﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﱃ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻧﺘﻴﻬﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺒﻬﺘﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻘﻲ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻚ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺨﻼ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺒﺌﻴﲏ ﺑﺬﺍﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﺩﺳﺴﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﺫﺑﺎﹰ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳛﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺫﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﱵ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺤﺎﻛﻤﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻪ ﰲ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﳐﺰﻭﻡ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﰲ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻧﺲ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺭﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺗﻨﻜﺮﺕ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺗﻐﲑ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺇﻻ ﳌﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺘﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﳌﻜﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﺄﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﹰ ﳜﻄﺊ ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻓﻼ ﺁﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﲏ ﺑﺴﻴﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫‪142‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺧﺘﱪﻩ ﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻓﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺩﱃ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻛﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﲑ ﻭﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻦ ﻓﻨﺤﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻐﺪﻭﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺌﻨﺎﻙ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺒﺄﺕ ﻟﻚ ﺧﺒﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﺧﺘﱪﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻤﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﻛﺘﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃ‪‬ﻀﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﻛﺘﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻀﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺳﺤﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﺘﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻨﺜﺮﺕ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﺣﺮﺻﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻓﺘﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﲟﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺳﺒﻌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﲪﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲨﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺏ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻷﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﻓﻔﺘﺶ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺅﻩ ﻋﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﻴﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺴﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ؟ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﻻ ﳓﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺒﻬﺘﲏ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﻌﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻠﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺼﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺷﻌﻠﻚ ﲡﻮﺱ ﻗﺮﻯ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻔﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﺀﻫﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻉ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺸﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﺤﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﳛﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻮﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺇﺫ ﲰﻮﻙ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺇﺫ ﲰﻮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ‬ ‫‪143‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻡ ﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﲏ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻘﻴﻨﺎﻙ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺘﻬﺪﺩﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﱂ ﲤﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻗﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔﺘﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻬﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻧﺎ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻋﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺔ ﺣﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺴﻄﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺪﺭ ﺯﻟﻔﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﳑﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻭﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﻌﻚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﱯ ﺑﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺮﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺃﻟﻔﻴﻨﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﺘﻨﺩﺒﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺯﻭﺩﺘﻨﻲ ﺯﺍﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﺤﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺪ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺜﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﺮﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻪ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﲣﺎﺫﻩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺫﻥ ﰲ ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻘﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻠﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪144‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻘﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﻖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﱂ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻡ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺬﺍﻙ ﺃﺩﺣﺾ ﳊﺠﺘﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻚ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻏﲑﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺿﺢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻘﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻚ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺃﺛﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼﱪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺻﱪﻭﺍ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﺃﺒﻎ ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺤﺭﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻨﺒﺎ ﻜﻼﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻨﺎ ﺼﺎﺒﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﺭﻭﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﺒﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺤﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﺣﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﱯ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻜﻊ ﺍﺳﻜﺖ ﻓﺈﱐ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺻﱯ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﻏﻠﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﻀﺐ ﻏﻀﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﻜﺜﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ ﻓﺨﺸﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺳﻮﺀ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﱄ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﻠﲔ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﺘﻤﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺸﺘﺪ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻨﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻈﺎﻇﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﻧﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪145‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻭﱐ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﺴﻜﺘﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻬﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﱐ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻑ ﻛﺎﻑ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺕ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻮﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺭﻨﺎﹰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺨﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻫﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺏ ﺃﺸﺩ ﻭﻗﻌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺼﻌﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻫﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻗﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻁﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻁﻌﻡ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺜﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﲪﺔ ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻑ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﻤﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺣﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻫﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻠﺤﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﻠﻠﻤﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺒﺎﺩﻫﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﻠﻠﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻓﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﺓ ﻓﻤﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪146‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﺣﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺟﻬﻼ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻧﺎﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﻧﺼﻊ ﻃﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﺟﻠﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﲟﻜﺮ ﳋﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﳏﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻓﻘﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﱪ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﱀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻮﺍﻧﻴﺖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻓﻘﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻧﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﺬﱐ ﺳﺎﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺨﺬﱐ ﺳﺎﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻴﻜﻬﺎ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺎﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺘﻚ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺧﱪﻛﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﱐ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻘﻴﻼ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳍﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺘﻪ ﲪﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻄﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺧﺮﱘ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺌﺰﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﻤﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﱘ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺠﻴﺰﺗﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺳﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﱯ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﱪ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﺛﻮﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﲔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‬ ‫‪147‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺨﻤﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﺖ ﲝﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺒﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﱃ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﻭﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻻ ﻓﺄﺑﻄﺄ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺑﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻭﻃﺌﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﺯ ﻏﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻷﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺫﻛﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲟﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺤﺖ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﲏ ﺃﺣﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻋﻬﺪﺕ ﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻠﺖ ﻭﺃﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺇﳕﺎ ﲪﻠﲏ ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳌﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻫﻼ ﻓﺎﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﰉ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻩ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺄﰉ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﲑﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﻚ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﳍﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺑﻜﻰ ﻭﻭﺩﻋﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﺒﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻋﱪﺓ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻄﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﻤﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻷﻇﻨﻚ ﺳﺘﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻚ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺗﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﻋﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﳌﺎ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻛﻚ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﰒ‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻨﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻌﻤﺭ‬

‫ﺨﻼ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ ﻓﺒﻴﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﺼﻔﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻨﻘﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺸﺌﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻘﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻓﺨﺬﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﻫﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﺄﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺟﻲﺀ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺴﺖ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻼﺀ ﻭﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻣﻜﺜﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﳌﻼﺣﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﲪﺮﺕ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰒ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻠﺐ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺪ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺩﻡ ﻋﺒﻴﻂ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﳓﺮﻭﺍ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﳊﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺍﻥ ﻭﻃﺒﺨﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﻮﻛﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻄﻤﺲ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺱ ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﺖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺘﻄﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﻰ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺒﻜﻲ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻜﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺁﻧﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪149‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺚ ﺃﻏﱪ ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻡ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻡ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﱂ ﺃﺯﻝ ﺃﻟﺘﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﺄﺣﺼﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳉﻦ ﺗﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺛﻌﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺑﻼﺀ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﲟﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺧﱪﻙ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺠﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻗﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻪ ﺒﺭﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺵ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻭﻻ ﰒ ﻧﺪﻡ ﳌﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻐﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺣﻖ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻐﻀﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺜﻠﻤﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؟‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻃﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﻮﻩ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻳﻨﺠﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺾ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ " ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺧﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ" ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﺳﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺧﻔﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﺗﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺗﻮﺍ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﺭﻣﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻧﲑﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺶ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻃﺎﻏﻴﺘﻜﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻓﺎﻧﻔﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺫﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﲣﻄﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻡ ﻓﺎﻜﺘﻨﻌ ﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻡ ﻓﺎﻤﺘﻨﻌﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻡ ﺃﺭﻗﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻜﻭﻜﺏ ﻁﻠﻌﺎ‬

‫ﺤﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻷﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻭﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻌﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﻁﺭﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺠﻤﻌﺎ‬

‫ﻨﺯﻫﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬

‫ﻨﺯﻟﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻠﻕ ﺒﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﻌﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺩﺴﻜﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﺻﺒﺘﻢ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺘﻢ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﻛﻔﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﰲ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﻄﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﻫﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻟﲔ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪151‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻼﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﲢﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻮﻳﻠﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻤﺔ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺳﺤﺮﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻻﻛﻬﺎ ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﻛﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﺎﱐ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺩ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻄﻞ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻓﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫‪152‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺠﻬﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﺤﺼﺮﻩ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﻣﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ ﻭﺧﺬﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻟﻔﻮﻕ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺒﻴﺲ ﺣﲔ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﺔ ﻛﺄﱐ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﲪﺎﺭ ﺃﲪﺮ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ ﳓﻮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺭﺟﻼ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻓﺄﻫﺮﻗﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺷﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻔﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ﺷﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻭﻭﻳﻞ ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﱄ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻄﺐ ﲡﺎﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﻌﺪﻱ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻴﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻴﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻓﺎﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﺎﺭﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻌﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎﹰ ﺤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﺴﺤﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺧﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻄﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻠﻐﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺟﻞ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻃﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺁﺧﺮﺗﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺟﻞ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻃﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺼﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‬ ‫‪153‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﺭﲪﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻔﻘﱵ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺪﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺿﻤﻨﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻧﺎﻗﱵ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺒﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﳒﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﱪﺩ ﺧﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺖ ﻭﺍﺧﻔﻀﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻠﺐ ﻭﺳﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺌﺘﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻤﻼ ﻭﱂ ﺁﺗﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﲪﻠﺘﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺨﺒﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻨﻜﺩﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺁﻝ ﺤﺭﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻏﺭ ﻜﻐﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻠﺕ ﻟﺼﺤﺒﺘﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻨﻭﺍ ﺭﻜﺎﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺒﻁﻥ ﻤﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻟﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻗﻁﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﺭﻕ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻓﻜﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻓﺠﻬﺰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻇﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻀﲑ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺮﺩ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﱄ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‬ ‫‪154‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﺤﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﺩﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﲝﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻤﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﻒ ﺑﺒﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺧﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻳﺬﳍﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺄﻧﺲ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻫﺮﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻨﻬﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺩﺑﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺮﺫﻋﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﳘﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺑﻮﻟﻖ ﻭﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﲰﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﻟﺪﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﲞﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺯﺍﻫﺪﺍﹰ ﻧﺎﺳﻜﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﺎﺏ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺗﺸﻤﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺴﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﺅﻳﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﺑ ﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺴﻲ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺥ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻳﻮﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻘﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﳌﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﲣﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﻚ ﳏﺪﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻣﺴﻤﻌﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪155‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﱐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﱐ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﲰﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﱴ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﲡﻲﺀ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﲏ ﻭﳛﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﱐ ﻭﺷﺄﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻬﺰ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﻴﺸﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺯﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻜﻠﺘﻚ ﺃﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﲔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺌﺘﻪ ‪‬ﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﺌﻦ ﺟﺌﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻟﺘﺠﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻃﺒﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻷﻛﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺟﻬﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻠﻨﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﲑ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ "ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ" "ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ‪ "1 :‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻃﻮﻗﻪ‬ ‫‪156‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﻕ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻣﲑ "ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ‪ "1 :‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺘﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻣﲑﻛﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺎﺗﺮﻛﻮﻩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﺗﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑﻧﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻓﻌﻈﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺿﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻜﻜﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻔﻬﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻣﲑ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﲞﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺭﺷﺢ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺒﺨﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻜﲎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﺨﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻏﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻗﻭﻡ ﻻ ﺘﻐﻠﺒﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺃﻴﻜﻡ ﻓﻠﻘﺩ‬

‫ﺠﺭﺒﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻭﺍﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺴﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺘﻠﻭﺍ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺭﺸﺩﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻴﺩﻋﻭﻥ ﻏﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﺒﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻜﻴﺴﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺯﻝ ﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﻭﻟﻭﺍ ﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﺩﺍﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻼﻋﺒﻭﺍ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﺘﺨﺫﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻫﻭﺍﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺼﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺭﺁﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺪﳝﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺣﺞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻒ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﻳﻌﲔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻓﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻄﻌﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺍﻭﻱ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﱄ ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﻴﺎﻓﻨﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﳓﻤﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺛﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻖ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﱐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪157‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﺃﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺸﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲨﻌﺔ؟ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺯﻫﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻔﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺬﺑﲏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﻭﺏ ﻻ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲡﺒﲏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻐﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻄﺮﱐ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻭﻻ ﲢﻤﻠﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻳﻘﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲪﺎﻻ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﱂ ﺗﺪﻥ ﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﺩﺭﻩ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺣﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺍﺡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﻌﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﺕ ﻓﻠﻡ ﺘﻜﺴﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺩﺩﺕ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺫﻭ ﺤﻨﻕ ﻭﺒﻁﺵ ﺒﺎﻟﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﻫﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺒﺩﺩ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﻠﻔﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻃﺄ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻳﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻭﺃﻙ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻚ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺘﻤﺜﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﺩ ﺭﺠﻼ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﻌﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﻫﻝ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻴﻤﻭﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﺃﳓﻦ ﺣﻨﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ؟ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺋﺘﺰﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺲ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺑﺪﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺖ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪158‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﺉ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻬﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺬﳍﻢ ﻗﺘﻼ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺷﺘﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺧﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻖ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﺘﻤﺎﹰ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺫﳍﻢ ﻓﻼ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﻟﻘﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﺒﺭﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻀﺤﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺩﺍﻨﺕ ﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺢ ﻤﻀﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻭﺍﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻨﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺃﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻴﺵ ﻨﻭﺍﻀﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻨﺕ ﻜﺫﻱ ﻁﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺒﺒﻠﻐﺔ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺯﺍﺭ ﻀﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﺒﻴﺶ ﺑﻦ ﺩﳉﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺽ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻨﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺟﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻫﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻘﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﺧﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺬﺫ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫‪159‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺤﻼﻤﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺩﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻟﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻐﻤﺮﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﺻﻒ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻟﺬﺓ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺻﻒ ﻟﻚ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﻠﻜﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺴﻊ ﻧﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺩﻴﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻨﻲ ﺜﻡ ﻋﻠﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺜﻼﺙ ﺯﺠﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﻥ ﻫﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﺃﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻝ ﺘﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﻜﺄﻨﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻄﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺗﺘﲏ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﺸﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﳋﻮﻻﱐ ﻭﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺯﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺶ ﻭﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﶈﺒﻖ ﻭﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺚ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻩ ﻳﺘﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺐ ﺑﻼ ﺃﺩﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﺎﻉ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺟﻬﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺬﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﳊﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻇﺎﳌ ﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻮﺫﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﻗﺮﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﻸﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺟﻮﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﳛﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻡ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ؟ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻮﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳜﱳ ﺍﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺐ ﳍﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﺑﲔ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺐ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﲎ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﻟﻼﺿﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﰎ ﺿﺒﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺑﲏ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻴﲏ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺑﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭﲞﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺳﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﻤﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﻤﻴﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﲝﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻏﻠﻄﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﱂ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻴﻮﺭﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻧﺴﻒ ﻭﻛﺶ ﻭﺷﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲝﺮ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﻣﺎﻳﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﺮﺑﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺡ ﻭﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﻭﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺵ ﻭﺳﻨﺪﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻃﻮﺱ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺄﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﳊﺪﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻛﺾ ﰲ ﺃﻛﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺁﻝ ﻟﻮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻨﻨﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﰱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻼﺩ ﻭﺧﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺑﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﻄﺮﻑ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻣﻔﻮﻫﺎﹰ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻝ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻐﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳝﺘﺜﻞ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻓﻌﺰﻝ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﺗﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﺣﻴﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺭﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺟﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻙ ﺯﺑﻴﺐ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺁﺓ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﲨﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺻﺒﻮﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﺎﺋﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺏ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻘﻰ ﻭﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪162‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻭﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺎﹰ ﺑﺪﺍﺑﻖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺑﲏ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲣﻮﻑ ﺃﺧﻮﰐ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﲣﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﳐﺘﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺎﺱ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳐﺘﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﳌﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﳐﺘﻮﻡ ﻻ ﲣﱪﻭﺍ ﲟﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﻓﺄﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﰉ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻚ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺇﱐ ﲣﻮﻓﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺯﺍﳍﺎ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺪﳍﺎ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﺘﻤﲏ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻃﻠﻌﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﲣﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱄ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﲣﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﺘﻤﲏ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻃﻠﻌﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺘﻐﲑﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺴﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻌﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺑﻀﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﺃﺻﻌﺪﻭﻩ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﱐ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﲟﺒﺘﺪﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻣﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻃﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﻮﺍﻝ ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﱄ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺋﺘﻮﱐ ﺑﺪﺍﺑﱵ ﻓﺄﺗﻮﻩ ﺑﺪﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻀﻌﻒ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪163‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻩ ﻟﻴﺠﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻚ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻙ ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﲏ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺯﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺟﻮﰲ ﺃﺣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺴﻰ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﻮﻃﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﲬﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲝﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺷﺠﺔ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﳝﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺷﺞ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﺠﻪ ﳝﻸ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﺪﻻ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﻓﺼﺪﻕ ﻇﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻠﺆﻫﺎ ﻋﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻠﺌﺖ ﺟﻮﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﻅ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺪﺭ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺓ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺘﺄﺩﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌﻢ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﺄﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺮﻫﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺻﻤﻢ ﻓﻄﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻛﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﱴ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﳜﻔﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﳒﻴﺐ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺗﻼﻣﺬﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻛﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺟﺎﻑ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﳊﻘﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻜﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﺃﱐ ﺳﺄﱄ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﱐ ﺳﺄﻋﺪﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﴰﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﳜﺘﺼﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻤﻜﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪165‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳓﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﺪﻻ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺮﺉ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻋﻘﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﻂ؟ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺋﺘﻮﱐ ﺑﺒﻐﻠﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺣﲔ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻌﺚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﲦﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻜﻔﻴﲏ ﺑﻐﻠﱵ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺒﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﻣﺎ ﱄ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﻐﺘﻤﺎﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺘﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻣﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲟﺒﺘﺪﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻣﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﲞﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺛﻘﻠﻜﻢ ﲪﻼ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﱂ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﺎﱂ ﺃﻻ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﳌﺨﻠﻮﻕ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻚ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻚ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﻜﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺃﲣﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺒﻚ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﻫﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺃﺣﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﲣﻒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻴﻌﻴﻨﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﺪﻙ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﳝﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﳍﺎ؟‬ ‫ﻓﺄﰉ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﺃﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﲝﻖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺷﻬﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺩﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﻠﺤﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﲰﻰ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻣﻈﺎﱂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻨﺒﺴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﺘﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺿﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺿﻴﻌﱵ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻴﺎﱄ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺆﻧﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫‪166‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺿﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﺿﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺩﻱ ﺣﻠﻴﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺫﱐ ﱄ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺍﻗﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻭﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺑﺖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻧﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺤﺼﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﻧﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﺷﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻨﱯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﱯ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻝ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﱂ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳊﻖ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﺇﻧﺎ ﳒﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﲟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻓﻔﺴﺮﻩ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻭﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺫﺋﺐ ﰲ ﻏﻨﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺑﺄﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺎﺋﻨﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﲔ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺀ ﺑﻜﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳓﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺓ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲞﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﺁﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺷﺞ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫‪167‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﲢﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎﳘﺎ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺸﺖ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﱘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺯﺍﻫﺪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺠﺰﻩ ﺇﺯﺍﺭﻩ ﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻜﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺌﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺪ ﺃﺿﻼﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﻠﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻮﰲ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﺼﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﻋﻮﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻭﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻐﺴﻠﻮﻥ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻲ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻻﰐ ﻓﻐﺪﺗﲏ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺪﺱ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻻﻙ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻰ ﻓﻮﱄ ﻋﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﱪﻱ ﻭﺇﻻ ﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﺷﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺒﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻼﻡ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲰﻊ ﰲ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺀ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﰊ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻐﻠﲏ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺒﻜﲔ ﺇﻳﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻩ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻐﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﰒ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻓﻴﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﺃﲨﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﻂ ﺃﺧﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻙ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻟﺒﺴﺖ ﻓﻨﻜﺲ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻃﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻜﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻄﺎﻭﺱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﱪﺡ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻏﲎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﲏ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻼﻩ ﺗﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺇﱐ ﺗﻘﻠﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺳﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﲪﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻔﻜﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻈﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺭﰊ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﱄ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻓﺒﻜﻴﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﲢﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﱄ ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺟﻨﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺴﺎﻃ ﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻭﻓﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻧﺴﻮﻩ ﺑﺄﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﺸﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﱂ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪169‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻋﲏ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻘﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲪﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺄﺑﻠﻎ ﰒ ﺷﻜﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﻄﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻗﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻌﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺎﻗﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﺎﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻗﺼﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻦ ﻃﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻏﻼﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺨﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﺴﺨﻦ ﻗﻤﻘﻤﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻣﻄﺒﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺣﻄﺒﺎﹰ ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺴﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺋﺠﻬﻢ ﺃﻃﻔﺄﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺃﺳﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﺟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺱ ﺇﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺰﺍﹰ ﻭﺑﺎﻷﺟﻞ ﺣﺎﺭﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻫﺪﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﺭﳛﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺉ ﻓﻼﻧﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺪﻳﺘﻚ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﳓﺐ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻚ ﻭﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻁ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﳌﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺣﻘﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺤﻖ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﺑﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻭﻻﱐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺿﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺬﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﻓﻔﻌﻠﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺃﻗﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﺒﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺓ‪ :‬ﲰﺮﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻐﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﻬﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺿﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻭﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻤﺖ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﻤﻨﻌﲏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻫﺎﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺣﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﺼﺪﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺯﻫﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺧﻮﻑ ﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺮﻭﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺑﺖ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳚﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﺘﺬﺍﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﰒ ﻳﺒﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺰﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻠﺤﻮﺍ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭﻛﻢ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺘﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻵﺧﺮﺗﻜﻢ ﺗﻜﻔﻮﺍ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺁﺩﻡ ﺃﺏ ﺣﻲ ﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﺑﻴﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ ﻋﺼﻴﺖ ﺭﰊ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻓﻄﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺨﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻠﻎ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻻﻗﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪171‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻙ ﺇﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻲ ﻟﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻜﺎﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺑﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﻓﻬﻨﺄﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺷﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﺍﻧﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺯﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺏ ﻁﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﺴﻴﻪ ﺃﻴﻥ ﻤﺜﻠﻙ ﺃﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭ ﺯﺍﻥ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﻙ ﺯﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻌﻮﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺜﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻲ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺜﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺯﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻋﻴﲏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﺩ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﲣﻒ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﻦ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺃﺟﻠﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﳎﻠﺴﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﳍﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﺒﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻌﻄﻔﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺰﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻤﺰﺡ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺰﺍﺡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺘﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﺎﺋﻦ؟ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﺄﻓﻴﻀﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﲟﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻳﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺒﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻉ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻼ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﳍﺎ ﳏﻤﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺿﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﳛﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﺂﺗﻰ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﲝﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻖ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺘﺨﱪﱐ ﲟﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺘﻤﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺘﻤﻚ؟‬ ‫‪172‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﱐ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺿﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻟﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﰒ ﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﲰﻌﺘﻚ ﺗﻜﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺘﻚ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻚ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺧﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﺳﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﻏﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﲤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﲢﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ‪ :‬ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺰﺍﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺪﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﺑﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺰﺍﻉ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﱂ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺘﻘﺎﹰ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﱯ ﳏﺠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ ﻭﳛﲕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺍﲣﺪﺕ ﺣﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺯﺕ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻚ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﰲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﲨﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺭﺯﻕ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻴﺾ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻳﺄﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺯﻫﺮ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳜﻄﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﲞﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﺮﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﳓﻤﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻩ ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺭ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻣﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻀﻠﻠﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺺ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﻮﻯ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﰒ ﳜﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ‪‬ﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ "ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﻓﻮﺍ" "ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪ "53 :‬ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﲨﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ‬ ‫‪173‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﳘﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺟﺌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﲑﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻨﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺌﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻓﺘﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﺘﻔﺸﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻦ ﻭﺳﻄﺎﹰ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻡ ﺳﺎﺀﺕ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻁ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﱄ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺀﺕ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻁ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﺑﻞ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﺄﺑﺴﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻴﻐﻀﺐ ﻓﺄﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﺍﺗﻖ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺏ ﻓﺄﺭﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﱄ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻚ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﱀ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻨﻬﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﺎﻟﻡ ﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻘﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻨﺯﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﺭﻴﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻷﺭﺠﻭ ﻤﻨﻙ ﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﺎﺠﻼ‬ ‫‪174‬‬

‫ﺠﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ ﺠﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻝ ﻭﻟﻠﻔﻘﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻐﺭﻤﺔ ﺒﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺠﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻧﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﱯ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻛﻒ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻇﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻒ ﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﺦ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺟﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻦ ﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻜﺒﲑﻫﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺫﻧﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻀﺮﺑﻦ ﻟﻐﻀﺒﻚ ﺳﻮﻃﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺘﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﳑﺎ ﻣﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻫﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺿﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺪﻳﺘﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻔﺬﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﺑﻄﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﺑﺈﺑﻄﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ" "ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪ "90 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻌﻤﺭ ﺭﺒﻙ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

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‫ﻭﻋﻥ ﺍﻨﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻼ‬

‫ﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻋﻅﺎﹰ ﻟﻭ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﺕ‬

‫ﻋﻅ ﺍﺘﻌﺎﻅ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻰ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﺭﻋﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺘﻰ؟‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻤﻴﺕ ﻜﻪ‬

‫ﻻ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻠﺒﺕ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﺇﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺭﺕ ﺭﻫﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺀ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻲ ﻜﻔﻰ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻔﻰ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﺯﺍﺠﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ ﰲ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﺻﻠﻊ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﰒ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﰲ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺌﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺯﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺒﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺖ ﺩﻓﻨﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻥ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﲏ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﲏ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺭﺍﱐ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻫﻼ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺘﺪﺍﻭﻯ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻘﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﺢ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺗﻰ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﺄﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﲏ ﻓﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻮﻩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﺇﻧﺲ ﻭﻻ ﺟﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ" "ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "83‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﰒ ﻫﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻧﻌﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﳒﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺗﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻚ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﺫ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪176‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻧﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻌﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﱐ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﳛﺎﺳﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﻠﺤﺖ ﻭﳒﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺢ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﱪ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﳚﲑﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﲪﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳝﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺿﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﺮ ﲰﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﲪﺺ ﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﳋﻤﺲ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﱪﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺰﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﳑﺎ ﻏﺼﺒﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﳘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺯ ﻓﺴﻘﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﲟﺴﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻘﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻏﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﻣﺎ ﲪﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻘﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﻭﺑﺴﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻭﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻮﺷﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﺣﻨﺶ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻘﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﲑﻭﺍ ﺑﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺸﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﻮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻣﲏ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﺴﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﰒ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪177‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺍﱐ ﺇﻻ ﳌﺎ ﰊ ﻓﺎﷲ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﳌﻦ ﻻ ﳛﻤﺪﻙ ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺬﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻬﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﻛﺮﺑﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺿﺤﻰ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺮﺑﻼﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻲ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺛﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑﻱ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻟﺼﻠﺒﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﺯﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻗﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻻ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺣﻖ ﺣﻘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﲰﻊ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻫﺸﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻛﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻏﻀﺐ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﳘﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺿﺮﺑﻚ ﺳﻮﻃﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺤﺒﻞ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻠﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﺧﺎﹰ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﳌﺎ ﺑﲎ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻘﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﺘﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺑﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪178‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻌﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻗﺎﺩﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﻤﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻗﻴﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺧﺮﺷﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻃﺎﻭﺱ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﻋﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻇﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ ﻭﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﰲ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﺮ ﻭﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺝ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻘﺮﺉ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﳏﻴﺼﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﲏ ﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﺞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﲔ ﻃﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﻠﲔ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺳﻜﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻜﻦ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺗﻜﻠﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ "ﺇﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻠﻨﻬﺎ" "ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ "72 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺑﲔ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻛﺮﻫﻬﻦ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺮﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﲝﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺑﻴﺖ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻫﲏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﻭﺃﻋﻔﺎﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺘﱰﻫﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻮﺭﻧﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳉﻠﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ؟ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻓﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﱄ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺷﻲﺀ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺯﺍﺋﻞ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻌﺠﺐ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﲑ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺮﺏ؟ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ؟ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﻗﺸﻌﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ ﻓﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﲟﺎ ﺳﺎﺀﻙ ﻭﺳﺮﻙ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺨﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ ﻭﺗﻀﻊ ﺗﺎﺟﻚ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺃﻃﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﻣﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ‬ ‫‪179‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻗﺮﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﻓﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﺒﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺴﺎﺣﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﱄ ﺭﻓﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻻ ﲣﺎﻟﻒ ﻓﻠﺰﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭ ﺃﺃﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻓﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ ﻟﺩﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻡ ﺒﻝ ﺃﻨﺕ ﺠﺎﻫﻝ ﻭﻤﻐﺭﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﻠﺩﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻀﺎﻡ ﺨﻔﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﻜﺴﺭﻯ ﻜﺴﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺃﺒﻭﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﻭ ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻴﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻡ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺒﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺨﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭ ﺇﺫ ﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﺫ ﺩﺠﻝ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺩﻩ ﻤﺭﻤﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺠﻠﻠﻪ ﻜﻝ‬

‫ﺓ ﺘﺠﺒﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻠﻁﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﻜﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﻬﺒﻪ ﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻬﺠﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺭﻨﻕ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺵ‬

‫ﺭﻑ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻠﻬﺩﻱ ﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺴﺭﻩ ﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻋﻭﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻏﺏ‬

‫ﻁﺔ ﺤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺕ ﻴﺼﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺼﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻜﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺝ‬

‫ﺓ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺄﻟﻭﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺒﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺧﻀﻠﺖ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻨﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﻃﻲ ﻓﺮﺷﻪ ﻭﻟﺰﻡ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﳊﺸﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؟ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺬﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻋﺎﻫﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺧﻠﻮ ﲟﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﱯ ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﻘﺎﹰ ﺷﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻜﺎﹰ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻟﻴﺸﺮﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻤﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻔﺴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺣﻮﺻﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﱂ ﺃﺯﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎﺗﻜﻢ؟ ﺃﱂ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻥ؟ ﺃﱂ ﺃﻋﻂ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀﻛﻢ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻨﻘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻓﻚ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﺟﻲﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻧﺼﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻣﺢ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﺑﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺟﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺎﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰱ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﲨﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺨﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺯﻧﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﻁ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻪ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺷﻌﺮﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﺡ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻔﺘﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳜﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺭﺕ ﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻟﻭ ﺸﻜﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺠﺯﺍﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻀﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺃﻴﺘﻙ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺠﺎﻫﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﻴﻌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺫﺍ ﺤﺯﻡ ﻟﻬﺩﻤﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻥ ﺘﺠﻨﻲ ﻀﻐﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻴﻭﻤ ﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻗﻴﻠﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﻬﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻟﻴﺕ ﺃﻨﺎ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺕ ﻻ ﺘﻐﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎﻙ ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲪﺎﺩ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺪﻋﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻛﺬﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﳓﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎﻙ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻕ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻻ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﱐ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﻐﺮﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﺟﺒﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺒﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﻷﺑﺪ ﻭﻷﺻﺮﻓﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ "ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﳍﻮ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﻮﻣﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﺪ ﻟﻘﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﻩ ﻭﻟﻘﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻜﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﻩ‬ ‫‪181‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﺍﳌ ﻤﻠﻮﺀ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﺋﺐ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻮﺭﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺩﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺌﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﻯ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺴﻖ ﻭﱂ ﳜﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﺘﻡ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺁﻝ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺁﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻤﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﻝ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻘﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﺒﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻜﺎﻫﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺛﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﲤﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﻔﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺷﲑﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺷﲑﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﺨﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻜﺴﺭﻯ ﻭﺃﺒﻲ ﻤﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻴﺼﺭ ﺠﺩﻱ ﻭﺠﺩﻱ ﺨﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻄﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻃﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺮﺻﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻟﻈﻠﻮﻡ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﲪﲏ ﺭﰊ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻏﻀﺒﺎﹰ ﷲ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﲔ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﻃﻔﺊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺇﺫ ﻏﺸﻴﻜﻢ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻧﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﻗﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﱵ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺡ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺿﻊ ﻟﺒﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺛﻐﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪182‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﰎ ﺑﻴﻌﱵ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﺖ ﻓﻼ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﰎ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺗﻜﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺼﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺰﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺀﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﻓﺠﻨﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﲪﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﲬﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻻ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﻗﻄﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻚ ﲝﻖ ﺍﷲ ﳌﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﺧﺎﻙ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻋﻬﺪ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﻴﺘﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺃﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻌﺪ ﻗﻄﻦ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﻌﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻜﺚ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻃﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺵ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﲰﻊ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪183‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻷﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻹﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﰉ ﻗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻀﺎﺌﻊ‬

‫ﻨﺒﺎﻴﻊ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻳﺜﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳉﻌﺪﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺆﺩﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳚﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻟﺒﺪ ﰲ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻼﻥ ﺃﺻﱪ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲪﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﱄ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻗﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻒ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻓﺤﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻨﺒﺶ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﱪﻩ ﻭﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﳊﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﲑ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺪﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﻣﻘﺮﺉ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪184‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺘﻴﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ ﻭﳘﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﱄ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻏﻔﻞ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻌﺖ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﲤﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻓﻢ ﻫﺮﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺎﻧﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ "ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﱵ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺣﺜﻴﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺸﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺥ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺎﺭﺋﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﺳﻜﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺭﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻘﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺒﺬﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻄﻠﻌﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﲡﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﻋﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻓﺘﻖ ﺑﺈﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﰒ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺩ ﺧﻴﻮﳍﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺈﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﺚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰒ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪185‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺸﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻨﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺧﱪﻩ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺴﺠﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻬﻔﻪ ﻭﺣﺼﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺍﺑﲔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺛﺐ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺠﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﺛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﺄﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻢ ﺣﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺳﻔﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﻘﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻀﻌﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺧﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﳏﻞ ﳏﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﱰﻝ ﻣﻮﺩﺗﻨﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻔﺘﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲢﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﺭ ﻓﺄﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻫﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﳘﻤﻬﻢ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻭﺗﻮﻃﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺑﺪﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺗﺎﻫﺮﺕ ﻭﻃﺒﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﲑﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﻞ ﺗﱪﻉ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻉ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻧﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻞ ﺣﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﺫﻻ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺎﺓ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﺳﺨﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻋﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻠﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻂ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﲝﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪186‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻏﺎﺹ ﺑﺒﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺼﺤﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﻨﺎ ﺣﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﺟﺪﻙ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﻝ ﻭﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻓﺄﻋﻄﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﻚ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻚ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﺼﻔﺘﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺯﺩﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﳍﻢ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ ﳑﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺴﻒ ﻭﳝﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻴﻮﺻﲑ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﳘﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﻞ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺣﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﱪﻭﺗﺎﹰ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﰒ ﺳﺠﻨﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﱴ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺎﹰ ﻣﻔﻮﻫﺎﹰ ﺧﻠﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺐ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﻖ ﶈﺎﺳﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳊﺒﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪187‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺎﱀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﺘﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻬﺮﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳏﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺴﻔﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﻠﺆﻫﺎ ﻋﺪﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻠﺌﺖ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻛﺄﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺩ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻟﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ ﰒ ﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﻌﺪﺕ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺑﻼﻝ ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﱄ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﺎﱐ ﺑﺄﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﲏ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳑﻬﺪ ﳑﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻳﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻧﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺷﺮﻉ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻓﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺮﻭﺑﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫‪188‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﺒﻮﻳﺒﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﻧﺖ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﻒ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺁﺫﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﳑﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻗﺘﻼ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﻥ ﻭﳑﻦ ﺃﻓﱴ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺘﻢ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺮﻩ ﳝﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﻗﱪﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻓﺄﻩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺗﻮﻃﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺍﱐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﲑ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺭﺍﺟﻞ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺸﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﺟﺸﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﺘﺠﻬﺰ ﳊﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﺎﺯﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﺮﻣﺮﻡ ﻳﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺳﻴﺲ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺯﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺮﻯ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺣﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﺪﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺷﻴﺪﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻻﻣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪189‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﺠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﻜﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻴﻬﻭﺩ ﺠﻠﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﺍﻨﺱ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﻜﺔ ﲝﺒﺲ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻓﺤﺒﺴﺎ ﻭﲣﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺳﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﳘﺎ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺑﺌﺮ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻴﺞ ﻭﺨﻠﻔﻭﺍ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﺭﻫﻨﺎﹰ ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﺩ‬

‫ﺸﻬﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﻙ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻤﺎﻤﻬﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﻤﺤﺭﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺸﻬﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺣﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﱰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻞ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻞ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻞ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻞ ﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﳘﲔ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺰﻡ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻧﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﺃﺳﻮﺳﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺧﺎﺯﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺌﻪ ﺃﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﲏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻔﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﲏ ﻓﺘﺤﲏ ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺋﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻔﻠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻗﻔﻠﲏ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﲤﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻧﻌﻤﱵ ﻭﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ" "ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "3‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﻘﲏ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻳﺴﺪﺩﱐ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﻠﻬﻤﲏ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻓﺔ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺤﲏ ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺋﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻗﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﳎﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲞﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺃﲪﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺗﻮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺟﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﺧﻮﻓﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﰒ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﻮﻗﺐ ﻓﺼﱪ ﻓﺎﻫﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﻠﻚ ﺇﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻏﻔﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺅﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺃﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻗﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻘﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺁﺗﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﻪ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﻪ ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﲏ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﻘﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻧﻌﻴﺬ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺄﻭﻛﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺘﲔ ﻓﻌﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺑﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﺸﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻮﺀ ﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺫﻛﺮ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﱂ ﺗﺒﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺫﻛﺮ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﲤﺨﺾ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻻ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺄﻓﺤﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻋﻈﺘﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪191‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﰉ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﻘﺒﻠﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺳﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺁﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﲏ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﱐ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺎﺻﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻓﺎﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻌﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﻻ ﲝﻖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻸ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻋﺪﻻ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﰐ ﺗﺮﺩﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﻄﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺸﻤﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻤﻴﺖ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻚ ﱂ ﲢﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﲪﺪﺕ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﴰﺘﻚ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﲢﺎﺑﻴﲏ ﱂ ﲢﺎﺏ ﻏﲑﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳕﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﻭﺇﻧﺼﺎﻓﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻔﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻔﲏ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰒ ﺧﺘﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳝﻀﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻓﻤﻀﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻜﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻋﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﱮ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﻷﰊ ﺩﻻﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻓﻐﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻗﻭﻝ ﻟﻘﻴﻝ ﺍﻗﻌﺩﻭﺍ ﻴﺎ ﺁﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺭﺘﻘﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻜﻠﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻨﺘﻡ ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻻﻣﺔ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﱄ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﻠﺆﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺳﻌﺖ ﺃﻟﻔﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﺤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻌﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﻮﱄ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﶈﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺴﺘﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺴﺔ ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﻘﻘﺔ ﺃﺭﺟﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻫﺠﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﻥ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻞ ﺭﳑﻬﻢ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﱂ ﺗﻐﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﻮﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﳓﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻭﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﺲ ﺳﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﺘﻤﻬﺪ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺯﺍﻗﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺑﻄﺮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﺸﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﺕ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﳛﻚ ﺃﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﺅﻩ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻕ ﻭﺠﻴﺏ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﻤﺭﻗﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻛﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲞﻠﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﺎﹰ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻄﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺕ ‪‬ﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯﱐ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻫﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻤﻨﺕ ﺁﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﻨﺎﺌﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺤﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺜﻜﻝ ﺜﺎﻜﻝ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺪﱐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﱐ ﺳﻜﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻋﻄﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲢﺘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﺳﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﺄﺟﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻧﲔ؟ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﳝﻀﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪193‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻆ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ‪‬ﺎ ﲞﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺒﺬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻜﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻋﺯﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﻬﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺩﺭﻫﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﺍ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻏﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻠﲏ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱄ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻻ ﳊﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﺀ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ " ﻋﺴﻰ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﻋﺪﻭﻛﻢ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻓﺪﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺭ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﳚﻠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﺗﻮﻩ ﺑﱪﻫﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺟﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﺗﻮﻩ ﺑﻔﺠﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻓﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺡ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺪ ﻋﺪﻭﻙ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻚ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻠﺐ ﱄ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﲏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﲑﻛﺐ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺎﺗﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺹ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻋﺎﺘﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺘﻌﺯﻝ‬

‫ﺤﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻯ ﺒﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺅﺍﺩ ﻤﻭﻜﻝ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀﻩ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺘﻔﻌﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻝ ﻭﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻤﺫﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻔﻌﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﻠﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻏﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻞ ﳚﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﺪﻣﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪194‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻘﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺜﻢ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﲰﻚ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻫﺎﴰﻲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻴﺪﻧﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﱰﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﻳﻘﺜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺜﻠﻤﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﱀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﱂ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺬﻝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺩﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﻠﻴﺪﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺭﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﻄﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﲑ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻤﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺘﻢ ﰲ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻬﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻞ ﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﱵ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳒﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻚ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻱ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻓﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﻠﻮﻝ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻷﱐ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺰﰐ ﻭﺟﻼﱄ ﻷﻧﺘﻘﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﱂ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﺁﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﻷﻧﺘﻘﻤﻦ ﳑﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫‪195‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻛﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺒﱯ ﻭﻧﺴﱯ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺼﱯ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﻔﻊ ﻭﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺝ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﱄ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﺷﺒﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﺮﺉ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺅﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﱪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﲪﺰﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺄﻳﺬﺝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﳑﺪﺣﺎﹰ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﳏﺒﺒﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﲎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻌﻲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻲ" ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺃﲰﻪ‬ ‫‪196‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﲰﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﰊ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺷﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺄﺩﺏ ﻭﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﲤﻴﺰ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺄﻃﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻏﺮﻭﺭﻗﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻜﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﺕ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺘﺴﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﺳﺘﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺒﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﻔﻀﻮﺍ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﻃﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﺻﺮ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻨﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻔﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺄ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻻﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﺴﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺒﺄﻤﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺫﻟﻰ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺫﺭﻑ‬

‫ﺘﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺘﻀﺤﻙ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺴﻭﺅﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻜﺭﺕ ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬

‫ﻓﻴﺴﻭﺀﻫﺎ ﻤﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﺤﺭﻤ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺃﻑ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺸﻌﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﺴﺭﺤﻪ ﻭﺁﺨﺭ ﻴﻨﺘﻑ‬

‫ﻫﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻴﺎ ﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺘﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﻠﻑ‬

‫ﺃﻫﺩﻯ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻀﻝ ﺨﻼﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺫﺍﻙ ﺠﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﺘﺯﺨﺭﻑ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﳌﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﳍﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺞ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺄ‪‬ﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﳜﺎﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺠﺮﺩﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻬﻴﺄ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﻠﻚ ﻗﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺑﲎ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺼﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺻﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺻﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪197‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﻴﺴﺎﺑﺎﺫ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﺓ ﺑﻐﺎﻻ ﻭﺇﺑﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺇﺑﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﺪﻕ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ ﻳﺮﺛﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﻨﺕ ﺠﻨﻭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺨﻤﺸﺕ ﻤﺤﺎﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺒﺩﺕ‬

‫ﻏﺩﺍﺌﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻟﺌﻥ ﺒﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺯ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻜﻝ ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺜﻭﻯ ﺭﻫﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺜﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﳌﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻟﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺼﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺸﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﺵ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺒﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺃﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻤﺴﺕ ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻼﻝ ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻜﻝ ﺤﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺫﻝ ﺁﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻺﻋﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻔﺕ ﺒﺫﺍﻙ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻗﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺒﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻫﻭﺍﺅﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘﻤﻸﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﺩﻻ ﻜﺎﻟﺫﻱ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻟﻭ ﺘﺭﻯ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺃﺒﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻝ ﺤﻜﻤﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺇﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﺅﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫‪198‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺎﺟﱵ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻂ ﺃﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺍﳋﺘﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻫﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﺃﺨﻼﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻝ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺜﺭﻯ ﺭﻤﺴﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻚ ﺣﱴ ﲤﻮﺕ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻫﲑ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﳏﺪﺛﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻗﻔﺎﻙ ﻗﻔﺎ ﻛﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻠﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺬﲝﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺎﹰ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺆﺩﺏ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺪﺛﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﻔﻜﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺥ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻠﺢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﳍﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻌﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﰒ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻒ ﺑﺄﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻴﻌﻮﻩ ﻓﺠﺜﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻴﻨﺒﺸﻭﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻓﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻭ ﺴﻜﻨﺎ ﺒﻁﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﺸﻔﻭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﺠﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺪﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺷﻐﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺎﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺪﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﲏ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﲏ ﻓﺄﻣﻮﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪199‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻅﻔﺭﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻏﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺜﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻝ‬

‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺼﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻱ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻼﻝ‬

‫ﻻ ﻟﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭ ﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺼﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺒﻝ ﻹﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺏ‬

‫ﻱ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺨﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺪﳝﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺰﻳﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺒﻰ ﺤﻔﺹ ﻨﺩﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺏ ﺘﻤﻡ ﻟﻲ ﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﺫﺓ ﻋﻴﺸﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺭﻭﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺠﻭﺍﺭ ﻋﻁﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻨﻌﻴﻡ‬

‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺃﺭﻕ ﻭﺃﻟﻄﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﻟﺒﺲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﺗﻪ ﻏﻄﺖ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺼﺮﺕ ﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺤﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻨﻅﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺑﺸﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺟﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺍﺤﺘﻴﻥ‬

‫ﺴﺘﺭﺘﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺭﺃﺘﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻨﺘﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺒﺩﺍ ﻟﻲ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻀﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﳛﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﳓﻮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺠﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻛﺒﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻝ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪ :‬ﺤﺎﺘﻡ ﻟﻙ ﺨﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺒﺨﺎﺌﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺨﻑ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻔﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻑ ﺸﺭﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺘﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺰﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺣﺎﲤﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻬﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﻠﻔﻚ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﻭﻩ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﺍﺏ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻜﱪ ﻓﻌﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﻴﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﲦﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎ ﺃﺭﺿﺎﹰ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻪ" ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻟﺼﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﺖ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻮﺍﺗﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻠﻤﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﲎ ﲟﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ" ﺍﻵﻳﺔ "ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ‪ "56‬ﺁﺛﺮﻩ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺧﺼﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﺮﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺡ‬

‫ﺭﺤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺸﻲ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻝ ﻨﻁﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻭﻟﻭ ﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻙ ﻴﺎ ﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻪ ﻴﻭﻡ ﻨﻁﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺭﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻨﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻴﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﻭﺡ‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻐﲑﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﻠﻮﺓ ﺧﻀﺮﺓ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻓﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﻔﻮﺍ ﳊﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻔﻮﺍ ﺷﻮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮﻫﻢ ﺃﻋﻔﻮﺍ ﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﻔﻮﺍ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﺑﻜﻢ" ﻭﺇﺣﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﺠﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪201‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﺄﺛﺮﻩ ﻋﻨﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺋﺐ ﻭﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻩ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺃﻃﺒﻖ ﻷﻥ ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﻴﻔﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﺷﻔﺘﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﻬﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﲪﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺭﻫﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺗﻌﻠﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻧﺪﳝﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﻗﺼﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﱘ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺨﺮﻩ ﻓﻤﺎﺗﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻓﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲰﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺗﻐﺪﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺰﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺌﻦ ﻭﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺎﺑﻚ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻷﺿﺮﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻐﺰﻝ ﻳﺸﻐﻠﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﺤﻒ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻓﺄﻃﻌﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻭﻋﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫‪202‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻏﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺟﻠﺴﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﳌﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺤﺕ ﻟﻬﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺭﺩ ﻨﺼﻴﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻋﻭﻩ ﻟﻸﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺒﻴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭﻱ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻝ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻨﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻅﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺍﻏﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻏﻀﺐ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﻰ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺬﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻛﻔﺎﻙ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺬﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻣﺪﳛﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺄﺴﻪ ﻭﻨﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻴﺩﺭﻱ ﻷﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﳝﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺠﻼﻥ ﻟﻚ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺴﻴﺔ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺷﺎﻫﻔﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻛﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺘﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﺎﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﳝﺪﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻨﻬﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﻏﻔﺭ‬

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‫ﻏﻴﺙ ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬

‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﺸﺭ‬

‫ﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﻀﺭ‬

‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺩﺭ ﺒﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺭﻉ ﻤﻀﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺭ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺭ ﻟﻤﻥ ﻏﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻤﻥ ﺤﻀﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻑ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻌﻠﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻌﻠﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ ﻳﻨﺸﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﻩ ﺤﺠﺯﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻠﺩﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻀﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻳﻠﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﺒﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻝ ﺘﻔﺘﺨﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻯ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﳛﺰﻧﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺎﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻔﻴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﻔﻘﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺨﺘﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺒﺭ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﺒﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﺒﺭﺤﺕ ﺘﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻭ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺭﺠﻌﺕ‬

‫ﺤﻨﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺌﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﰊ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻗﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻬﻮﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﺘﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﺎﹰ ﻭﲣﻄﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﳎﻠﺴﺎﹰ ﺍﺣﻀﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻐﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰒ ﻧﻜﺲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪204‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺽ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺣﱴ ﲣﻄﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﲎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻓﺘﻜﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﰊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﻟﻘﺎﺀﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻤﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻓﻪ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻜﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺯﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺜﻡ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺴﻰ ﻴﺴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﻨﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ ﲨﻴﻼ ﻣﻠﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﺒﻐﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺌﻦ ﻇﻔﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻷﺿﺮﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺫﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻋﻆ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺢ ﻭﳚﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻙ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻚ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻓﻚ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪205‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻓﻚ ﰒ ﻭﻋﻈﻪ ﻓﺄﺑﻜﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﻤﺮ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻈﺎﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﲝﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻭﻭﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﻗﺘﻞ ﰒ ﺃﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺘﻞ" ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻪ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻖ ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻜﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺇﺟﻼﻻ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻏﺰﺭ ﺩﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﺚ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ "ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻌﺖ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ" "ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ "166 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﻳﺸﻬﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺰﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺓ ﲟﺎﺋﱵ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻏﻔﻠﻚ ﻋﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﺟﻔﺎﻙ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻻﻗﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺩ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻴﺘﻚ ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻻﻗﺘﲏ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﻙ ﻜﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﻴﻕ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺠﻭﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻜﻦ ﻭﻗﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﱄ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﰲ ﻣﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﲝﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﲝﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺰﻡ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫‪206‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﱪﻣﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺘﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺒﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﺣﻆ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺷﺎﻋﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻭﻧﺪﳝﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻐﻨﻴﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﲑ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﳏﺎﺳﻨﻪ ﲨﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻈﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﳏﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﳒﻲ ﻭﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺸﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳛﲕ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻭﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻴﻐﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻬﺮ ﻭﻏﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﻭﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﻌﺼﻌﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻛﱪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺸﻮﻥ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺒﺎﻫﻠﻪ ﳛﲕ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺷﺒﻚ ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳛﲕ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻋﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻠﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻮﱄ ﻭﻗﻮﰐ ﻭﺍﺳﺤﺘﲏ ﺑﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺁﻣﲔ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻓﺘﻠﺠﻠﺞ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑﻱ ﻟﻴﻮﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﺑﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺞ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺼﺎﻑ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﺰﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﻭﻗﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺳﻔﻜﻮﺍ ﻭﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻧﻘﻔﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﻘﺾ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺭﻳﲏ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻔﻮﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺘﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺥ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺬﻕ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﺃﲪﺎﻻ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﲪﻘﻬﻦ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﻁ ﻏﻀﺒﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺎﻃﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺅﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻔﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻻ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻟﻴﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺎﹰ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻘﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﲞﺮﺍﺝ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﺟﻴﺐ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻹﻳﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺘﺮﺉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻧﻘﻀﻪ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺽ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺘﻪ ﻨﻘﻔﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺍﺭ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺃﺒﺸﺭ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻏﻨﻡ ﺃﺘﺎﻙ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﱪﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺣﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻨﺎﺩﺕ ﻫﺭﻗﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﺩﺍﹰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻴﺭﻋﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪208‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻓﻕ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺭﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺍﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺤﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻤﺭ ﻜﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺣﱴ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﲟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻭﺑﺚ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﺑﺄﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺷﺮﺍﺣﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﺣﺼﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻘﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻣﻠﻘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻗﱪﺱ ﻓﻬﺪﻡ ﻭﺣﺮﻕ ﻭﺳﱮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﳓﻮ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﳛﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﱐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺮﺩﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺳﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺭﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﳓﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﺘﻨﺤﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺃﻛﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺴﺮﻭﺭ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺑﻦ ﳜﺘﻴﺸﻮﻉ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﳛﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻔﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﺮﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻋﻮ ﺑﱪﺫﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﺠﻴﺌﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺠﻒ ﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﱵ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﱪﺫﻭﻥ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﰒ ﺭﻛﺒﻪ ﻭﻭﺩﻋﲏ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺭﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻮﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﺹ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻦ ﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﳑﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﻦ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﱯ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﺄﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻏﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﺢ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﰱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﻤﻐﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺤﻕ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺤﺏ ﻻ ﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪209‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﺼﻲ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﻭﺸﺎﺭ ﻴﻠﻘﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﻠﺩ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻨﺎﹰ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﺭﺃﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﺍﺼﻁﻔﺎﻩ ﻓﺄﺤﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﺄﻤﻭﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﺅﺘﻤﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺜﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻔﺭ‬

‫ﺃﺴﻘﻴﺕ ﻏﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻁﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺒﺎﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻼﻥ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺯﺒﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﺒﻨﺔ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺒﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺠﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺸﻬﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﻨﻅﺭ ﻭﺒﻤﺨﺒﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺤﺸﺖ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﻗﺪ ﻃﺎﻑ ﰊ ﻓﺸﻐﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲟﺄﻣﻮﻧﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﺩﺭ ﳑﻦ ﺃﻋﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻏﺒﺖ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻫﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﻭﻗﺾ ﺷﻬﻮﺗﻚ ﻭﺻﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒﱵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻷﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺄﻫﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﻓﻬﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭﻟﺪﻙ ﰒ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻓﺄﻓﺘﺎﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻌﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺠﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺯﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻏﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫‪210‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺻﺎﺋﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﺎﻏﺰ ﻭﺣﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﺞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﻴﺎ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻓﺩﻴﺘﻙ ﻫﺠﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﲢﺘﻪ ﲞﻄﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﺸﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﻤﺭﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻅﻝ ﺤﺴﻴﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻓﺮﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻥ ﺃﺫﻨﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺸﻭﻓﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﺤﺭﻓﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺩﻉ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﻞ ﲣﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﻀﺖ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺼﺩ ﻋﻨﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺭﺁﻨﻲ ﻤﻔﺘﺘﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻁﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺭ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻁﻥ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﻲ ﻓﺄﻀﺤﻰ ﻤﺎﻟﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﺎﺠﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬

‫ﰒ ﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺟﺰﳘﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺏ ﺃﺭﺘﻪ ﺫﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﺫﺍ ﺼﺭﺕ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺸﺎﻉ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺬ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺪﻳﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻳﻨﺨﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺎﹰ ﺣﺮﻓﺎﹰ‪.‬؟‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺾ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﱯ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻐﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻃﻌﻨﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺎﹰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺑﺜﺄﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﳘﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻳﻨﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﻷﻣﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻟﺼﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫‪211‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ " ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺣﺒﲏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺑﻐﻀﲏ" ﻭﲰﻌﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺁﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺔ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺴﻘﻰ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻜﻮﺯ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻠﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺷﺮﺏ ﻫﻨﺄﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻚ ﲟﺎﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻮﻟﻪ ﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﻜﺎﺀ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻏﻄﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﺗﺼﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﳜﻮﻓﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻚ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺴﺮ ﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺼﺢ ﻟﻚ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻐﻔﻮﺭ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺭﲪﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﱄ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺯﺭ ﳛﲕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻡ ﺘﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺭﻴﻀﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺸﺭﻕ ﻨﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻠﺒﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺠﻤﺎﻻ ﺒﻤﻠﻜﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﳛﲕ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﺒﻠﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﻝ ﺴﻴﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬

‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺸﻐﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬

‫ﺘﻀﻴﻕ ﻋﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻭﺭ ﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﺤﺕ ﺍﻵﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﺩ ﻜﻔﻪ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﻭﻩ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﻭ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﻂ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺭﺣﻞ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪212‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺠﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺨﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺫﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺤﻠﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﺣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﺅﺘﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﹰ ﺒﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﺗﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻤﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺨﻝ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻗﺼﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺨﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻲ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻝ ﻴﺯﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﻟﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻁﺎﺌﻲ ﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﺭﻴﻥ ﺘﻜﺭﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺃﺨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺤﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻰ‬

‫ﻓﺫﻟﻙ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺴﺒﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻴﻼ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻜﺭﻤﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﺒﺨﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻨﺎﻝ ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻴﻨﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﷲ ﺩﺭ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺻﻮﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻓﺼﻮﳍﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻷﰉ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺪﺣﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺨﻔﺘﻙ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻤﻨﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺨﺎﻓﻙ ﺨﻭﻓﻙ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﳉﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﲔ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﺮﺛﻰ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﻫﻴﻼﻧﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺴﻴﺕ ﺃﻭﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺤﺯﺍﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪213‬‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻫﻴﻼﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺕ ﻋﻴﺸﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺜﻭﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺕ ﺩﻨﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻟﺴﺕ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩﻙ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻨﺴﺎﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺭﻜﺕ‬

‫ﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻏﺼﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺭﻙ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻓﻘﻲ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺘﻠﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻙ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺻﺎﱀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻂ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﺑﻦ ﲞﺘﻴﺸﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﻋﺎﳉﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﻈﺮﱐ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﺱ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺣﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﱄ ﻗﱪﺍﹰ ﻓﺤﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﰒ ﲪﻞ ﰲ ﻗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺗﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﱰﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﺨﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﳏﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﺛﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻭ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﺪﻓﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺺ ﻳﺮﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﻁ ﺸﻤﺴﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﺩﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺎﺀ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺠﺭﺕ ﺠﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺱ‬

‫ﻓﻨﺤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺄﺘﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻴﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻀﺎﺤﻜﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻨﺤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺤﺸﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺱ‬

‫ﻴﻀﺤﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻜﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺒﺩﺭ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﺒﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺨﻠﺩ ﻭﺒﺩﺭ ﺒﻁﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺱ‬

‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺍﳊﺼﲔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﱯ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺸﻖ ﲤﺮﺓ" ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻧﻈﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻓﻮﺍﻫﻜﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﻮﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﲨﻴﻼ ﺫﺍ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﺑﻄﺶ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺑﻼﻏﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺏ ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺊ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﺭﻋﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺛﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﰒ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻻﻩ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻏﺮﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺣﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻭﺧﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﺻﺤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﺰﻗﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﺢ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺃﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻨﺼﺤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺑﻚ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻐﺸﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻚ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﲡﺰﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻓﻴﺨﻠﻌﻮﻙ ﻭﻻ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻜﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻨﻜﺜﻮﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺘﻚ ﻭﻋﻬﺪﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻛﺚ ﳐﺬﻭﻝ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﺼﺢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺭﺿﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻏﺵ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬ ‫‪215‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﺴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻬﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻭﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻋﺠﻭﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺤﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩﺍﺱ‬

‫ﻜﺫﺍﻙ ﻟﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻔﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺫﺍﻙ‬

‫ﻟﻜﺎﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻨﺒﺎﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻁﻔﻝ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﻏﺴﻝ ﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺨﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻭﻟﻪ ﺤﺠﺭ ﻅﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻔﻀﻝ ﻭﺒﻜﺭ‬

‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻁﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺫﺍﻥ ﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻨﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻛﻮﺗﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﻗﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻓﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺰﻋﻤﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺑﺢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﻭﲪﻠﺖ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻄﻴﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﻭﻳﻠﻚ ﺩﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻮﺛﺮﺍﹰ ﺻﺎﺩ ﲰﻜﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺕ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺭﺟﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻧﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻭﻃﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺷﻐﺒﻮﺍ ﺟﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ ﻻ‪‬ﻤﺎﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻓﺴﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺗﻠﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺀﺕ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻧﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺛﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻴﺕ ﺩﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﻏﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺵ ﺍﻷﻨﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻓﻨﺕ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺠﻨﻴﻕ‬

‫ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﳊﻖ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﲜﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻏﻮﻏﺎﺀ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﺷﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑ ﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻗﺴﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪216‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﲏ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻭﺿﻮﺀﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻞ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ ﻓﺸﺮﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﲜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻓﺘﻄﲑﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﲏ ﻓﻐﻨﺖ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﻌﺪﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺏ ﻟﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻨﺎﺼﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻴﺴﺭ ﺫﻨﺒﺎﹰ ﻤﻨﻙ ﻀﺭﺝ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺘﻄﲑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻏﲏ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻐﻨﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻜﻰ ﻓﺭﺍﻗﻬﻡ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺄﺭﻗﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻕ ﻟﻸﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﻜﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺭﻴﺏ ﺩﻫﺭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻭﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﺒﻜﻴﻬﻡ ﺠﻬﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﻨﺩﺒﻬﻡ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺅﻭﺏ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﺘﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻟﻌﻨﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻇﻨﻨﺖ ﺃﻧﻚ ﲢﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰒ ﻏﻨﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﻨﺠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﻟﻨﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻠﻙ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻙ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻠﻙ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺒﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻌﻨﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻌﺜﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺡ ﺑﻠﻮﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻜﺴﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻱ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮﻙ ﻭﻳﻌﺰ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫"ﻗﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺎﻥ" "ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ "41 :‬ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻐﺘﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﲔ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﰒ ﺫﲝﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻔﺎﻩ ﻭﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻉ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﲝﺒﻞ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﻒ ﻣﺒﻄﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﲑﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻓﺤﻘﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺃﳘﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﲞﻄﻪ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﳌﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺪﺏ ﳊﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﲝﻘﻨﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﺍﺅﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﺃﻭﺩﻉ ﻳﻠﻮﺡ ﺑﺄﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺂﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻹﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪217‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻠﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻵﺠﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻭﺠﺎ ﺒﻤﻐﻨﻰ ﻁﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﻰ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻀﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺒﻠﻐﺎ ﻋﻨﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭ‬

‫ﻟﻰ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻵﻤﺭ‬

‫ﻗﻭﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻴﺎ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻁﻬﺭ ﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻴﺎ ﺒﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺯﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻔﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺯ ﺃﻭﺩﺍﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺤﺏ ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻁﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻔﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻁﺭﻓﻪ ﻤﻨﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻅﺭ‬

‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻡ ﻨﺒﻜﻴﻙ؟ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﺃﺒﺎ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺤﺭﺼﺎﹰ ﻤﻨﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻭﺜﺭ ﻻ ﺃﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺸﻨﻴﻑ ﺃﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺒﻜﻲ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻁﻙ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﻟﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺠﻴﻕ ﻭﻁﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﺏ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻨﺒﻜﻴﻙ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻋﺭﻀﺘﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﳋﺰﳝﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻰ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﻻ ﻁﻬﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻁﺎﻫﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺨﺭﺠﻨﻲ ﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﺤﺎﺴﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺒﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺘﻰ ﺒﻤﻁﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺏ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﺏ ﺃﺩﺅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﺭ ﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﺃﻋﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺩﻴﺘﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺤﺭﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﺎﱃ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺻﲑﻫﻢ ﳋﻠﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﳌﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻬﲔ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﲎ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻮﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻒ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳏﻖ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﺑﲎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲎ ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺭﺘﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻰ‬

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‫ﻭﺯﺭﺘﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺼﺒﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﲟﻞﺀ ﺯﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﺫﻫﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﲬﺲ ﺣﺮﺍﻗﺎﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﲑﺍﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻻ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﺨﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻸﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺨﺭ ﻟﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺭﻜﺎﺒﻪ ﺴﺭﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﺴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺭﺍﻜﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﺙ ﻏﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺃﺴﺩﺍﹰ ﺒﺎﺴﻁﺎﹰ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﻴﻬﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺃﻫﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻕ ﻜﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻷﻨﻴﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻛﻮﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻟﲑﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺭﲨﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺒﻭﺍ ﻗﺭﺓ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﻠﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺁﺠﻠﻲ ﻀﺭﺒﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺤﺭﻗﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﻳ ﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻭﻯ ﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﻪ ﺤﻠﻭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺘﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺭﻩ ﻤﺭ ﻜﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺤﺴﺩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺃﺨﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻭﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻐﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺣﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﻤﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ‬

‫ﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺃﺨﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﺨﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻅﻠﻤﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﻜﺩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺼﻰ ﺃﺒﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺱ ﻫﺠﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﺃﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪219‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻫﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﺭﺒﺹ‬

‫ﺼﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻜﺫﺏ ﻭﺘﺨﺭﺹ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﻨﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻘﺹ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺒﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﺩ ﺨﺼﺎﻟﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺎﻗﻭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﺈﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﴰﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﺓ ﻭﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻘﺐ ﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﻞ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺨﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻋﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺳﺨﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﲞﻴﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻓﻴﻨﺸﺪﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺃﺫﻛﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻨﺪﺭ ﻭﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻣﺆﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺳﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﻭﻛﻴﻊ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻓﻠﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻟﻠﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﺄﻭﺻﺎﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻓﺪﻋﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻠﻘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﳜﺎﻃﺐ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﲑﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺘﻔﺨﺭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻁﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﺒﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪220‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺭ ﻴﻜﻤﻝ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺒﻊ ﻓﺈﻨﻙ ﻟﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻁﺎﻙ ﺭﺒﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭﻴﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻫﻭﺍﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻝ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﺭ ﻜﻝ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻤﻼ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﺴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺼﻝ‬

‫ﻓﺘﻌﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺒﻔﻀﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺘﻌﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻝ‬

‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻋﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻪ ﻛﻮﺛﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﺎﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺴﺎﻁ ﻧﺮﺟﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﳝﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺭﺠﺱ ﺍﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻠﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﻴﻤﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺤﻴﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬

‫ﺨﻠﺕ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﺴﺕ ﺃﺭﺍﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺘﻭﻫﻤﺘﻪ ﻨﺴﻴﻡ ﺜﻨﺎﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻙ ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻕ ﺫﺍ ﻭﻨﻜﻬﺔ ﺫﺍﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺭ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﺇﺫ ﺤﻜﻴﺎﻜﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺹ‬

‫ﺏ ﺒﻤﻥ ﻴﻬﻭﻯ ﻜﺜﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻜﻭﺜﺭ ﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻱ ﻭﺴﻘﻤﻲ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻋﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﺢ‬

‫ﻯ ﻤﺤﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺌﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻗﺩ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻝ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﺘﺸﻑ ﺼﻔﻭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻴﻐﺹ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻔﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﱄ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺄﻫﻞ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﲏ ﻓﻤﺮﻭﺓ ﻛﺴﺮﺕ ﻣﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺻﻤﺼﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺳﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﺤﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﻳﺘﻔﺼﺤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪221‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﳜﺮﺝ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻭ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻔﺼﺤﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻸﻣﲔ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺑﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﻌﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﳏﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﺣﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺒﻴﺎﹰ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ ﰲ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻮ ﻧﺸﺮﺕ ﺯﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﺿﻔﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺖ ﺇﻻ ﲞﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﻻﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﻜﺜﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﲑ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺗﻜﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﺧﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﲪﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲰﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺭ ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺑﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﱪ ﻋﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺠﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺰﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺳﻮﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻮﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪222‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻣﻔﻮﻫﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺮﻩ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﲝﺠﺎﺟﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﲏ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﺧﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺧﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲪﻠﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﲤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺬﻛﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﻷﻋﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻧﺴﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﺰﺓ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻫﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺒﺬﺭ ﳌﺎ ﺣﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻩ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻡ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻟﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﻋ ﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲞﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳛﺒﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺅﻝ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﲏ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻇﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﲪﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻊ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﺠﻬﺰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﺃﻏﻠﻆ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺗﺴﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺁﻝ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻚ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰒ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻣﻌﺒﺪﺍ ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺜﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻻﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻓﺄﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪223‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺃﻟﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﲞﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﻠﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺭﻗﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻧﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺿﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺜﺮ ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺌﺖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺯﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﳑﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﲞﲑ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﴰﺄﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﱳ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﺌﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻜﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺣﺼﻦ ﻗﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﺣﺼﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻮﳍﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺸﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳑﻦ ﻻ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﺑﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﺮﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻋﻤﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺿﻼﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺣﻖ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻩ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﺎﻭﻭﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﻃﺒﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﱘ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳜﺘﺮﻋﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﺇﻧﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺁﻧﺎﹰ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎﹰ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻑ‪ "3 :‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ" "ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪"1 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ" "ﻃﻪ‪ "99 :‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺺ ﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫"ﺃﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﰒ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ" "ﻫﻮﺩ‪ "1 :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﳏﻜﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﻔﺼﻠﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻘﻪ ﻭﻣﺒﺘﺪﻋﻪ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺸﻊ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻭﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻼﳍﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺷﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺻﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺣﻈﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﻭﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﻭﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫‪224‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻋﻤﻰ ﻭﺃﺿﻞ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﻭﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻭﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﲣﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻓﺎﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺤﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻛﺸﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﺛﻖ ﲟﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﲝﻀﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﳍﻢ ﲟﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻫﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻠﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻓﺄﺷﺨﺼﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﺤﻨﻬﻢ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻮﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻭﻻ ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﻩ ﺗﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻳﺦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﳜﱪﻫﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﺒﻨﺎ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺈﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﱎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﻭﺳﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻌﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻭﻭﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﱂ ﳚﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲡﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻬﺪﺕ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﳐﻠﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰒ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﲜﻮﺍﺑﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳎﻌﻮﻝ ﻭﳏﺪﺙ ﻟﻮﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻌﻮﻝ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﰒ ﻭﺟﻪ ﲜﻮﺍﺑﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪225‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻠﺘﻤﺴﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﻓﻤﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻓﺎﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺬﺏ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻓﺎﺩﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺎﺏ ﻓﺄﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﹰ ﺑﻜﻔﺮﻩ ﻭﺇﳊﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﺤﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻧﻚ ﲢﻠﻞ ﻭﲢﺮﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺮﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﱯ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﻫﻞ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺏ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻓﺤﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻨﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﱎ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳜﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﻼ ﻭﻻﺀ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺩﻋﻰ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺧﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﲞﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻴﻞ ﺑﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﻹﺭﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﺤﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺑﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﹰ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺒﻬﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﺪﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﺢ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻼ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﲎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺴﺠﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲰﻊ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻐﻠﻪ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻯ ﻭﺣﻜﻪ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺠﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻮﺩﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺫﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ ﻓﻔﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﻧﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻮﺀ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺨﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﺪﻳﺎﹰ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻔﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻜﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﱯ ﳏﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻣﺴﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻨﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺠﻤﺠﻢ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻠﺠﻠﺞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﺄﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﺫﻣﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺼﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪226‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﳑﻦ ﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﲪﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺛﻘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻴﺴﺄﳍﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﺎﲪﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻓﻘﻴﺪﻭﺍ ﰒ ﺳﺄﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺳﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﰒ ﻋﺎﻭﺩﻫﻢ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﺄﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﺣﻀﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﳍﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻄﻒ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻓﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻤﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻴﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﳎﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻏﺸﻲ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻻﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺪﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﻃﻮﺱ ﻓﺪﻓﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺅﻩ ﻭﻃﻴﺐ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲰﻜﺔ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻓﺎﺻﻄﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﻊ ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮﺑﺖ ﻭﻓﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻨﻀﺢ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﳓﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻞ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺵ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﺭﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻌﺪ ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺢ ﻓﺄﻭﻗﺪﺕ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺫﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﻟﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻤﺮﺗﻪ ﺳﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﰊ؟ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﺪ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﺘﻄﲑ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻑ ﻭﺃﻳﺲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺭﺣﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻝ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻭﻡ ﺃﻏﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺄ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻔﻭﻩ ﺒﻌﺭﺼﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺴﻭﺱ‬

‫ﻤﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺴﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺨﻠﻔﻭﺍ ﺃﺒﺎﻩ ﺒﻁﻭﺱ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﱪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﻗﺒﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﱪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺜﻢ ﺑﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺈﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪227‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻄﺲ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻧﺸﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻤﺘﻮﻧﲏ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﺟﻠﻠﻨﺎﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺅﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﲟﻜﺎﱐ ﻓﺄﺑﻄﺄ ﰒ ﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺄﺑﻄﺄ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﱴ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺗﺸﺎﻏﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺫﻯ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺏ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﲝﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺩﺭﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺪﻟﻚ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺇﺫ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻼ ﻓﻤﺴﺢ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺷﻪ ﻓﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻭﺧﻔﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﻮﱐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺿﺤﻜﻪ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻔﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻮﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﲜﻌﻔﺮ ﺇﱐ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻓﻤﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻲ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻯ ﺒﺴﺭﺠﻪ ﻓﺭﺱ‬

‫ﻫﻝ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺭ ﻨﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻡ ﺃﻤﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﺘﺒﺱ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻙ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻅﻼﻡ ﻨﻘﺘﺒﺱ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺴﺭﺕ ﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﻤﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻓﺎﻟﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﺘﺒﺱ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺮﺃﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺴﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﱏ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻯ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱂ ﳛﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺩﺩﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰒ ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫‪228‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻬﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻟﻚ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﺧﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﻚ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﻷﳕﺎﻃﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻜﺬﺍ ﺿﺎﺭ ﻟﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﻠﻐﻢ ﻓﻠﻴﺠﺘﻨﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﻨﻘﺼﺪ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺧﻀﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻫﺮﻣﺲ ﰲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﺀ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻃﻴﺊ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﰲ ﳍﺠﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺃﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺋﻪ ﻓﺴﺮ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻌﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳊﻢ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻠﻲ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺭ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﴰﻌﺔ ﻓﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺷﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲢﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱄ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺘﻒ ﰊ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺏ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺴﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﺭﺍﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﺍﻨﺘﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺜﻘﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﺒﺯﻤﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﻬﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺘﺄﳌﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻓﺮﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺴﺒﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲰﻌﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱐ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺃﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱂ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﲢﺮﻙ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﺘﻐﻼ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻤﺸﺎﻏﻴﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺯﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﺠﻮﺯﺍﹰ ﰲ ﳏﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻻ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﻮﻕ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻻ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻴﻀﻴﻊ ﻨﺼﻴﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺸﺎﻏﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺎﺩﺵ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰱ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﴰﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲟﺮﻭ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻃﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻀﺮ ﺃﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﺮ ﻣﺮﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺘﻘﺸﻒ ﻓﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﲨﺎﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺯ" ﻗﻠﺖ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﲨﺎﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺯ" ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻜﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﳊﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻀﺮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳊﻦ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳊﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺪﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺘﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺎﻋﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﻱ ﻓﺘﻰ ﺃﻀﺎﻋﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻜﺭﻴﻬﺔ ﻭﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﺜﻐﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺏ ﻟﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﱐ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻀﺮ ﺃﺧﻠﺐ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺏ ﻗﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﺾ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻝ ﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﻥ ﻫﺎﺠﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﻗﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﻩ ﺍﻨﺘﺠﻌﺕ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻷﻱ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ‬

‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﻝ ﺤﺎﺠﺒﺎﹰ ﺴﺭﺍﺩﻗ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﺴﻠﻤﺕ ﻓﻴﻙ ﻤﻘﺘﺒﻼ‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻴﺒﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺨﻝ ﻓﺄﻋﻁﻨﻲ ﺴﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻔﺖ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻼ ﺁﺧﺬﺍﹰ ﻗﺒﻴﻼ ﺃﻱ ﻛﻔﻴﻼ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﱐ ﺃﻧﺼﻒ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﺎﺘﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺯﺍﺤﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻔﻴﺩﻩ ﻨﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻤﺭﺃ‬

‫ﻤﺘﺯﺤﺯﺤﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻀﻪ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﺌﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺴﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﺼﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪230‬‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺤﻥ ﺇﻟﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﺠﺤﻔﺕ ﺒﺴﻭﺍﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺭﻨﺕ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺘﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺭﺒﺎﺌﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﻤﻲ ﻟﻴﺭﻜﺏ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺼﻌﺒﺎ ﻗﻌﺩﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺴﺎﺌﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺘﺩﻯ ﺜﻭﺒﺎﹰ ﺠﻤﻴﻼ ﻟﻡ ﺃﻗﻝ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﺃﻁﻠﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺨﺒﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺭﺩﺍﺌﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﱐ ﺃﻗﻨﻊ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﺗﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﺍﻤﺭﺅ ﻟﻡ ﺃﺯﻝ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ﺃﺩﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺃﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻁﻤﺄﻥ ﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻨﺎﺯﺤﺎﹰ ﻁﺭﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻻ ﺃﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﺃﺘﺒﻊ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻕ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺃﺠﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﻴﻌﻪ ﺭﻏﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻤﺜﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺀ ﻻ‬

‫ﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻀﺭﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﺠﺩ ﻋﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻴﻥ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻓﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺸﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﺱ ﺭﺤﻼ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺘﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻴﺤﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﻕ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺡ‬

‫ﻝ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍﻝ ﻤﻐﺘﺭﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻀﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﺎﺱ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺗﺮﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﲔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻃﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻄﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﱄ ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻓﻤﻀﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻀﺮ ﳊﻨﺖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﻼ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﳊﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺘﺒﻊ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﱄ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺼﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﻼ ﻗﻤﺖ ﻓﺴﻠﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻴﺤﲕ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﺭﺁﻧﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﰒ ﺭﺁﻧﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻠﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪231‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻨﺤﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬

‫ﻨﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ‬

‫ﻤﺸﻲ ﻗﻁﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺎﺭﻕ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺴﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳊﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻕ" "ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻕ‪ "1 :‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﻳﺪﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺆﺑﺆ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺆﺑﺆﻩ ﰒ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺇﱄ ﺑﻌﻨﱪﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﲪﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ" "ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ "44 :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻳﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻈﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻟﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﳜﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﲎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻨﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺗﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﻔﺖ ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻨﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺎﻧﺜﺎﹰ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺗﻼ ﻓﺨﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﻠﺤﻪ ﻭﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻴﺸﺘﻤﲏ ﺍﳋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻓﺄﻋﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﳛﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻴﻈﻨﺎ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺳﺘﺮ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻤﺮ ﻣﻼﺡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺗﻈﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻴﲏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺴﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻋﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺳﻌﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺪ ﻓﺎﻩ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺃﻧﺘﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪232‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﻣﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺃﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﺃﺟﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺍﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﺑﺰﻭﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﻏﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳛﻤﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﺨﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻴﻮﺥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﱭ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺗﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋ ﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻇﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﳌﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺪﺡ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳐﺎﺭﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻅﻝ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬

‫ﻴﺭﻭﻕ ﻭﻴﺼﻔﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺃﻋﺪ ﻓﺄﻋﺪﺕ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﳐﺎﺭﻕ ﺧﺬ ﻣﲎ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﲏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻫﺪﺑﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻏﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﺒﻌﺖ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ" ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﱄ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺃﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﺄﻫﺪﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﲑ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻠﺢ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺃﺷﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﺪﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺼﺮﺕ ﺑﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﳍﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻯ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﻻ ﺫﻛﺮ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﳌﺨﺘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻄﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﻔﺮﻏﺎ ﻭﻣﻠﺌﺎ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻟﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﳏﺒﱵ ﻟﻠﻌﻔﻮ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱪﻣﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪233‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﺰﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﲝﺎﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﺄﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺐ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻓﺘﻠﻜﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲣﱪﻳﲏ ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻨﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱄ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺭﲪﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲢﺒﻬﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻅﺒﻲ ﻜﻨﻴﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻠﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻔﺘﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺒﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺒﺭﺤﺕ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﺳﲔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺩﺑﺔ ﺷﻄﺮﳒﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﺎﻭﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺎﺯﺕ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﺃﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺯﺩﺗﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﻘﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻥ ﺸﻔﻪ ﺃﺭﻕ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺩ ﺤﺒﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺼﺎﺭ ﺤﻴﺭﺍﻨﺎ؟‬

‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯﺗﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﺒﺎﹰ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻀﺭ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺇﺤﺴﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﲏ ﺭﺯﻗﺎﹰ ﱄ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺘﺪﺣﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻅﻤﺌﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺩ‬

‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻨﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻴﺫﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺘﻘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻔﺎﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻴﺒﺨﻝ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻝ‬

‫ﻗﻠﻴﻝ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻓﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﺒﻬﻭﻯ ﻓﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺸﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﻨﺎﻱ ﺠﻭﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﺒﻜﻴﺎ ﻟﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫‪234‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﺫﺨﺭﺍ ﺩﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺴﻌﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺸﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺒﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻓﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﺸﺭﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺑﺬﺍﻙ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻨﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲜﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺯﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻈﺎﱂ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﳛﺐ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺸﺤﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺃﲰﻌﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻧﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺘﻨﺎﻗﻞ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺣﺎﺫﻗﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﺴﻊ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺿﻴﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﺷﱪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺷﱪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺠﺎ ﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺴﻴﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺒﺫﻜﺭﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺨﻤﻭﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺘﻠﺕ ﺃﺨﺎﻙ ﻭﺸﺭﻓﺘﻙ ﺒﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﻘﺫﻭﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﻴﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﻣﱴ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺧﺎﻣﻼ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﺬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺣﻆ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﺬ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻓﺎﻧﺪﻓﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻐﻨﺖ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ ﺍﳉﻌﺪﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺎﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻟﺌﻦ ﱂ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺮﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻷﻋﺎﻗﱭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﺌﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻷﺑﻠﻐﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺃﻣﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺃﻭﻣﺄﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺃﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺯﻭﺟﻚ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﳊ ﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﲔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪235‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻮﻻﰐ ﻭﻣﻬﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻻﻟﱵ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻨﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺗﻐﻨﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻀﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﺪﻯ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ ﺭﻃﻞ ﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﲰﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺿﻌﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺟﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ ﺧﺼﻢ ﻭﰲ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﳐﺼﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﲕ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﲜﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺃﲪﻖ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﻛﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺼﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺼﻲ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺒﻴﺺ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﲪﻖ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻻ ﲪﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺒﻘﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﹰ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺷﺮﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻏﺪﺍﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻧﺰﻻ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﱂ ﺑﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﺄﺟﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳌﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺸﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺸﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﻨﺯﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻜﻑ ﺃﺫﺍﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺼﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﺸﻐﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻏﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﳝﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻫﺒﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻴﺊ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﺗﺬﻧﺐ ﻭﺃﻏﻔﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺣﻆ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲦﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺷﺮﺱ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﱪﻣﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻳﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﺳﻮﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪236‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﻮﺳﻰ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻻ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻴﺾ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺘﻖ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﺟﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﴰﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﱄ ﻭﻷﺧﻲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱄ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﱐ ﳏﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﰊ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﱐ ﻣﱴ ﺧﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﺣﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺮﺝ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻤﱴ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﺃﺗﺄﺫﱐ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﱪﺱ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﲔ ﻛﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺎﹰ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻧﺰﻫﺔ ﺃﻟﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻋﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﱐ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﱐ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺸﻜﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻧﺼﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﴰﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻗﻢ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﺘﻭﻡ ﻷﺴﺭﺍﺭﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻭﻻ ﺩﻤﻭﻋﻲ ﻜﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺩﻤﻌﻲ ﻨﻤﻭﻡ ﻟﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﺫﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻟﻲ ﺩﻤﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺤﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻡ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺭﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺫﺍﻜﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻓﺎﺤﺘﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﻼ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺜﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻔﻙ ﺩﻡ‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻨﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻁﻥ ﺠﺎﻟﺕ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻼ ﻁﺒﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺻﺮﻡ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺮﻡ ﺻﻔﲏ ﻭﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﻯ ﺒﺒﺤﺭ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﻥ ﻀﻭﺅﻫﻤﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺤﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﻥ ﻴﺸﺒﻪ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻫﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺫﺍ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻭﺫﺍ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻴﻙ ﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﺴﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺒﺩﺭ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﻘﻲ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺑﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻮﻏﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻮﻏﺎﺀ ﻏﺪﺍ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺻﻴﻼ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﱪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺯﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳊﻢ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ" ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺻﻴﻼ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﲏ‬ ‫‪238‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺼﻠﺤﲏ ﻭﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﱂ ﻧﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺸﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺃﰊ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﺫﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰒ ﻭﺛﺐ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺬ ﲞﺸﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻮﻏﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻳﻠﱯ ﺣﱴ ﺭﻣﻰ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻏﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻋﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﺣﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻧﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻌﻴﺎﻟﻪ" ﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻜﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻋﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﺣﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻌﻴﺎﻟﻪ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﺻﻔﻪ ﻭﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻗﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺬﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺿﻌﻮﺍ ﱄ ﻣﻨﱪﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﺍﻣﺮﺅ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﰒ ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﳎﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﺟﻞ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪239‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺣﻼﻭﺓ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺑﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻔﺎﻙ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﺪﻭﻙ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﻥ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻭﳛﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﱄ ﺧﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﻠﻲ ﳛﲕ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻗﺄﻗﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻻ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﳝﱳ ﺃﻭ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻛﻬﺎﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺒﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ ﻭﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﲪﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻸﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﳏﱪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻳﺶ ﲢﻔﻆ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰒ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺛﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﰒ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﱪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﺲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻄﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﺑﺖ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﻬﺖ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻄﺸﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻋﻄﺸﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻗﺪﻩ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﱐ ﺑﻜﻮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻻ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﲞﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺑﻐﻼﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫‪240‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﱐ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﳓﻮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻬﻢ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻫﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻔﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏ ﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﴰﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ " ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺼﻴﺖ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻮﺍ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﲑ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﰉ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻇﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﴰﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺸﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺣﻈﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﻭﳘﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻏﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻏﻼﻣﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻋﻮﻩ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻫﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﻟﻮﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺳﺆﺩﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﲞﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺜﻤﻦ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻋﺎﺵ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺮﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺷﻌﺮ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺇﱄ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺾ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻮﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﱐ ﻓﺄﺭﻭﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻄﺸﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺇﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻜﺴﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﲟﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ ﻭﳝﺸﻲ ﻣﺸﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ :‬ﻫﺠﺎ ﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﰒ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﺠﺎﻩ ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬

‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻑ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻏﺩﺍﺓ ﺜﻭﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺜﺎﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻜﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻨﻲ ﻷﺯﻫﻰ ﻜﻠﺒﻬﻡ ﻋﻨﻙ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻀﺎﻉ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﻭﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻲ ﻷﺭﺠﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻐﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﻙ ﺘﺭﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻬﺎﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻷﻨﻙ ﺫﻭ ﺫﻨﺏ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﻑ ﻭﺃﺸﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻐﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻓﺴﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﲎ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺴﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻳﺆﺫﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺿﺎﻗﺖ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲣﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎ ﲜﻨﺪﻙ ﺣﺎﺭﺑﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺎﺭﺑﻮﻧﲏ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺤﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﱄ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﲢﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﺰﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺷﺘﺖ‬ ‫ﲨﻮﻋﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﺮﺏ ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻋﻤﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﱮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﺎ ﲡﻬﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﺎﻟﻊ ﳓﺲ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﻇﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳜﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺃﺼﺩﻕ ﺃﻨﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﻤﺎﺡ ﻻﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺴﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻭﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺼﺎﻏﻭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺯﺨﺭﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻜﺫﺏ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺭﺼﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺜﺎﹰ ﻤﻠﻔﻘﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﻌﺠﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺩﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻹﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻟﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ "ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﺣﻮﺍ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻭﺗﻮﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻐﺘﺔ" "ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪"44 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪243‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻓﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺧﺎﻓﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﺟﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻋﺠﻝ ﻴﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﺌﺽ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻟﻴﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻭﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻓﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﶈﺎﺭﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻂ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻇﻔﺮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻗﻂ ﻛﻈﻔﺮﻩ ﺃﺳﺮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﺻﺢ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻃﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻰ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺕ ﺸﻌﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﻼﻙ‬

‫ﻓﺘﻄﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺗﻄﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺗﻐﺎﻣﺰﻭﺍ ﻭﺗﻌﺠﺒﻮﺍ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺧﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﻖ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺗﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﱐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺧﻮﰐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﳊﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﱄ ﻭﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺗﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﺻﺪﻗﲏ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪244‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻴﺤﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻜﺒﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩ ﻴﺤﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺴﻴﻔ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺭﺃﻴﺕ ﻟﻴﺜﺎﹰ ﺤﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻤﻰ ﺒﺴﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻁﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺏ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻋﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻨﻲ ﻫﻭﻴﺕ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻫﻭﻯ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺤﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺑﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻄﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﱄ‬ ‫ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻳﻬﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ ﻭﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﺑﻚ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﳌﻦ ﻋﻘﱮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺒﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻌﺘﺼﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺨﻠﻑ ﻓﻭﺍﻀﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺃﺤﻠﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻠﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺱ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻀﺎﻕ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻴﺘﺴﻊ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﻫﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﺒﻬﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺸﻤﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻭﺃﺒﻭ ﺇﺴﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺭ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻜﻲ ﺃﻓﺎﻋﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻝ ﻨﺎﺌﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻤﺼﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺭ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺛﺎﻩ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻗﻠﺕ ﺇﺫ ﻏﻴﺒﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻔﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺒﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﺕ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻤﺜﻝ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﺨﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺮﺃ "ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ" "ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪ "60 :‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﱴ ﳒﺘﺜﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺟﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺅﲤﻨﻮﺍ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻼﻛﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺁﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺒﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻼﺩ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺃﻋﻮﺩﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎﹰ "ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﻢ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻓﻤﺮﺽ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻛﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻏﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺧﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻨﱯ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﱀ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﲏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻎ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻌﺪﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﻨﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﲑ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺃﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﺷﺎﺣﲔ ﳎﻮﻫﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﺎﹰ ﳎﻮﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪246‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﲔ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺨﻠﻮﻕ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻜﺬﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﳛﻚ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﳛﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﳛﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﻔﺮﺕ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺣﺘﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﺎﹰ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻄﻊ ﻓﺄﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﻓﻤﺸﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﲝﻤﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺼﻠﺐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﺒﺖ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻓﻨﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﺖ ﰲ ﺃﺫﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﰉ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﳛﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﻳﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺢ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻭﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﺳﲑ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻗﺒﺤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﺧﻠﺼﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺩﻋﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﲪﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﲪﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﲪﻞ ﻣﻜﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻋﻮﰎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺷﻲﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻌﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺒﻬﺘﻮﺍ ﻭﺿﺤﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺪ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﳝﺘﺤﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻘﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﺅﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻮﻩ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺁﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻌﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﲑﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻌﺫﺍﺒﻲ ﻅﻝ ﻤﻔﺘﺨﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﺠﺎﺭ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﻤ ﺎﹰ ﻤﺎ ﻓﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺞ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺞ‬

‫ﺒﺴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺞ‬

‫ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺨﻁﻑ‬

‫ﺫﻭ ﺩﻻﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻏﻨﺞ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺒﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﺤﻅ ﻤﻨﻌﺭﺝ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻷﺩﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﻈﻤﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﳊﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺫﻗﺎﹰ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺰﺝ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻻ ﳜﻠﻂ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻗﻄﻊ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺻﺤﻔﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﺮﺕ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﳏﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﶈﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪248‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺫﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺠﺎﻫﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺭﺕ ﻤﺭﻭﺘﺎﺓ ﻴﺤﺎﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺑﺮﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺕ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺫﻯ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺆﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻖ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺜﻕ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺜﻘﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻙ ﻴﺸﻘﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺸﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺱ‬

‫ﺃﺴﺩ ﻴﻀﺤﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺤﺵ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻨﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﺱ‬

‫ﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﻭﺴﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻴﺄﺒﻰ ﺍﻟﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﺮﺩﺩ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻀﺭ ﺃﻫﻝ ﻗﻠﻴﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺎﺭﻗﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻻ ﺴﻭﻗﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﻻ ﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻤﻠﻜﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﺫﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﺴﺪﺩ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﳋﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺠﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺃﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺻﻄﺒﺢ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻪ ﻣﻬﺞ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻧﺮﺟﺴﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪249‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩ‬

‫ﺤﻴﺎﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺭﺠﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺠﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻟﻬﺒﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺭﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻨﺤﺘﻪ ﺴﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺼﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺩ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺴﺌﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺫﻝ ﺜﻨﻰ ﻋﻁﻔﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺴﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺩ‬

‫ﻏﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﻟﺤﺎﻅﻪ‬

‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻟﻠﻭﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﺼﻔﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬

‫ﻤﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﺸﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺸﺪﱐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﻯ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﲔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳜﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳜﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻗﺴﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺭﻭﺤﺎﹰ ﺒﺠﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻴﻐﻀﺏ ﺫﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺠﺎﺩ ﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻀﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻤﺸﻐﻭﻝ ﺒﺸﺠﻭﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺰﻧﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻏﲏ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺎﺩﻥ ﻤﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺎﺱ ﻨﺎﺩﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺛﺎﺏ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻣﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺄﺱ ﺳﺆﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻳﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻼﺣﻰ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﳐﺎﺭﻕ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﻧﻮﺍﺱ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺍﺟﻌﻼ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻤﺎ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻼ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﻓﺴﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺱ ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﻭﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﻨﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻓﺄﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺟﺰﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳛﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳓﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻐﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﰲ ﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﺗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺒﺎﺯﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬

‫ﻤﻌﺯﺯﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺫﻟﻝ‬

‫ﺘﺼﻭﻝ ﻭﺘﺴﻁﻭ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺤﻁ ﻤﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻭﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﻭ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺭﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻴﻬﻭﻱ ﻤﺩﺒﺭﺍﹰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻝ‬

‫ﺸﻔﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜﻝ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﻡ ﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺸﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺸﺘﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﻗﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺼﻝ‬

‫ﺃﻁﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺒﻘﺎﺀﻩ‬

‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻫﻭﺍﻝ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺩﻝ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻭﺃﻩ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻟﻠﺩﻴﻥ ﺠﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻀﺎﺘﻪ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﺴﻝ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻓﺎﰿ ﺻﲑﻩ ﺣﺠﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻠﻘﻰ ﻓﻼ ﺁﺟﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺗﺼﻠﺖ ‪‬ﻤﺬﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﺳﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺵ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻜﺖ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﻗﱪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﺏ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ ﻓﺘﺄﱂ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺘﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻫﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﺎﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺘﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺩ ﺃﺘﺎﻩ ﺒﻨﻭ ﺃﺒﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻔﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻗﺘﻝ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺒﻨﺕ ﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻅﻠﻭﻤ ﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﺭﻩ ﻤﻬﺩﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺘﺒﻌﻭﻩ ﺭﻤﻴﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻖ ﳊﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺎﺭ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻇﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻜﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻭﺃﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺰﻭﻝ ﺑﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻃﺎﹰ ﻟﲑﺩ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺴﻘﻼﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﲢﺮﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰒ ﻛﻔﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻛﺒﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﻭﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺮﻋﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﲰﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺧﻼﻁ ﺻﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻛﺒﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺝ ﻭﺧﺴﻒ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﻛﺎﳉﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻋﺠﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺸﻘﻘﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻖ ﻭﺭﲨﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻷﻫﻠﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﲝﻠﺐ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﲬﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺗﻘﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﷲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺻﺎﺡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺻﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﲰﻌﻮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﲡﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﲎ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫‪252‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺴﺎﻜﻨﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻼﻕ‬

‫ﻓﺒﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻨﱪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻓﺪﺍﺳﻮﺍ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺴﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺭﺍﻓﻀﻴﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﲰﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﲰﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺻﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺲ ﻭﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﳑﺪﺣﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻤﺴﻙ ﻨﺩﻯ ﻜﻔﻴﻙ ﻋﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺯﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺨﻔﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﻐﻰ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺘﺠﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻐﺮﻗﻚ ﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﻘﺺ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺁﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺩﻝ‬

‫ﺘﻐﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺤﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻴﺭﺠﻰ ﻭﻴﺨﺸﻰ ﻟﻜﻝ ﺨﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩ ﻀﺭﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ ﺘﺄﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺸﻴﺌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻜﺄﻨﻪ ﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻠﺘﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﺘﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ ﺃﺘﺕ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪253‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺟﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻫﺰﻝ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻈﻲ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﻜﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﻃﺊ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﻘﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻻ ﻳﺼﱪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻤﺤﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﺌﻥ ﺃﻭﺩﻋﺕ ﺴﻁﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻙ ﺨﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺩﻋﺕ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺏ ﺃﺴﻁﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﶈﻦ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﲟﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻭﺭﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﺣﻀﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ ﻓﺤﻴﻬﻼ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﰒ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﶈﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﻣﻪ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﺄﰉ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳛﻀﺮﻩ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﳛﻂ ﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻬﺪﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻋﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳓﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﳍﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻨﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ‬

‫ﻫﻼ ﺃﺘﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎ ﻗﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻀﻊ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻭﻻ ﺠﺴﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻈﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺻﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﳌﺔ ﺑﺼﻨﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺿﻤﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻜﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻏﲏ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻐﻨﺖ ﺍﺭﲡﺎﻻ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﻋﻴﺵ ﻴﻠﺫ ﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪254‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺠﻌﻔﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻠﻙ ﻗﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﺠﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻔﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻜﻝ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻫﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻡ ﻭﺴﻘﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻭ ﺘﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻻ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺤﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻁ‬

‫ﻩ ﻴﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﺑﻐﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺴﺠﻨﺖ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻴﺎ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻘﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻴﺸﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻘﺪﱐ ﻓﻘﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺴﻴﺩﻱ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺃﺨﻠﻔﺕ ﻭﻋﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺃﺭﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺩﻙ ﻴﺎ ﻓﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺜﺎﻗﻠﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﻬﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺡ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺸﺕ ﻓﻘﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺅﺨﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺤﺫﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻟﻐﻴﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺇﺫ ﺘﻔﺭﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﻙ ﻭﺤﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺘﻼ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺳﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻧﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺧﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻧﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻣﻀﻰ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺴﺮﺗﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﱯ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺭﺣﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺭﲪﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺬﻫﺒﺎﹰ ﲟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺠﻤﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ‬ ‫‪255‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺰﻫﺘﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻮﺃ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻠﱯ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻟﲔ ﳍﻢ ﻟﻴﺤﺒﻮﱐ ﻭﻳﻄﻴﻌﻮﱐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳛﲕ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻄﺄﻙ ﻋﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﱂ ﻧﺮﻙ ﻛﻨﺎ ﳘﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺼﺮﻓﻨﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺟﺰﺍﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺃﻻ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺑﻴﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﺗﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻷﺸﻜﺭﻨﻙ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﻫﻤﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻟﻭﻤﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻤﻀﻪ ﻗﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﺭﺯﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻡ ﻤﺼﺭﻭﻑ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﱄ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺭﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﻭﺯﺗﻪ ﺧﻠﻄﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻋﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻋﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻣﲏ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻨﺆﺫﻳﻪ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﱰﺩﺭﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﺪﻳﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺯﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﲏ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﱐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻙ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﺗﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺴﺒﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﺭﺠﻭ ﻴﺎ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻻ ﻗﺩﺱ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻤﺭﺃ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻘﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻙ ﺁﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻏﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪256‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﺄﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﳊﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﺎﳊﺘﲏ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻤﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻠﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﻠﺼﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻜﺄﻨﻲ ﺃﺘﻴﺕ ﻤﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺯﺍﺭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻯ ﻭﺼﺎﻟﺤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻬﻝ ﺸﻔﻴﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻙ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺠﺭﻩ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻻﺡ ﻟﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻓﺄﻛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﺒﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻚ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﱵ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﺘﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻚ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺎ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳝﺪﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻬﺠﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻟﻘﺩ ﺸﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺒﺎﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﺫﺍﹰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺩ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﺭﻗﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺨﺎﺼﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻀﺤﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻗﺼﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻜﻝ ﺃﺭﺽ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﻤﺕ ﻤﺘﺠﺒﺭﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﻘﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺴﻭﻯ ﺤﺴﺩ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻬﻝ‬

‫ﻓﻁﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﺼﻁﺤﺒﻭﺍ ﺒﻠﻴﻝ‬

‫ﺃﻁﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻬﺮﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﰒ ﳕﺖ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻌﺮﺝ ﰊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﻀﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺠﺎﺌﺭ‬

‫ﻤﻠﻙ ﻴﻘﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ‬

‫ﰒ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻨﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻁﺎﻥ ﺠﺴﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺃﻓﺽ ﺩﻤﻭﻋﻙ ﻴﺎ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺒﻥ ﺸﻴﺒﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺠﺎﺱ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻲ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺨﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻓﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻅﻠﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﻀﺞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪257‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺜﻨﻰ ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺄﺘﻴﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺴﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺒﻜﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺜﻭﺍ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺘﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺘﻭﻗﻌﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻜﺎﻩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻥ‬

‫ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺍﺑﲏ ﺃﺧﺎﺻﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﳋﲑ" ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺳﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻏﻨﺪﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻓﺘﺬﺍﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﳌﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﲰﺮ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﲑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎﺷﻢ ﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﲨﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﲨﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻷﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﳉﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺖ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪258‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﱘ ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺯﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﺳﺤﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻛﻮﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﺍﳉﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳕﲑ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﲑ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻻ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳍﺬﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻑ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﱯ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺖ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺸﱯ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺩﻋﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺣﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﲰﺮ ﺃﻋﲔ ﺃﻗﲎ ﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﻄﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﻠﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺭﺍﻏﺒﺎﹰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﲑ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﳏﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﲔ ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﳍﻢ ﺃﺯﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺁﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﶈﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﱪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻓﺪﻙ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺒﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺫﻤﻭﺍ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﺎﹰ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻤﺎﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻟﻔﺔ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﻓﺭﺃﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍ ﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻘﺪﻩ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﳝﺎﹰ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻋﺬﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻓﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﳘﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺠﺰﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻄﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﺯﺍﹰ ﻓﺘﺤﻴﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺳﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻴﻔﻮﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺼﺪﻩ ﰒ ﻓﺼﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﺸﺔ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﺓ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻴﻔﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻏﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﻔﺼﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻤﺜﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳋﻮﺍﻧﻴﻖ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻩ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪259‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺖ ﺃﰊ ﻓﻌﻮﺟﻠﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺷﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺷﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻭﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﻩ ﻓﻘﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻣﻌﲎ ﳍﺎ ﻓﺄﱀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺷﲑﻭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺃﰊ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﲤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺘﻐﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﺣﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻠﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺁﺑﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺁﺑﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﲑﻭﻳﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺶ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﺘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﳐﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻟﺜﻎ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺸﺎﻭﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﱴ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﻧﺎ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﺘﻨﻜﺮ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺻﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻐﺎ ﻭﻧﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﻏﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻭﺑﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻔﺹ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺼﻴﻑ ﻭﺒﻐﺎ‬

‫ﻴﻘﻭﻝ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻻ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻐﺎ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﲤﻜﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳓﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﺬﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﳜﻀﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻓﻘﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰒ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪260‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻓﻮﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻏﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﳓﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻓﺴﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺓ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﺣﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﳏﺒﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﻮﻛﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﲔ ﰒ ﺭﺩ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻓﺬﲝﻪ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺿﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺎﹰ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻃﻮﺍﻻ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺣﻆ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺷﻴﻮﺥ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﲝﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﻔﲔ ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺃﺧﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﻗﻠﻨﺴﻮﺓ ﳎﻮﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﺷﺎﺣﲔ ﳎﻮﻫﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﻔﲔ ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﰊ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺟﻲﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻭﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﺗﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﻨﺎ ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻗﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫‪261‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻟﻴﻨﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺷﺤﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻬﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺻﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻠﻄﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﰒ ﺃﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺣﻀﻮﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻸ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲬﺲ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻠﻮﻩ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻋﻄﺶ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻄﺸﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﻘﻮﻩ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﺜﻠﺞ ﻓﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺖ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻔﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻜﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻔﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺆﻟﺆ ﺣﺐ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﺠﺔ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺃﲪﺮ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﻁ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﻞ ﻷﺟﻞ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺒﻘﻴﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﱮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﺠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺃﲰﺮ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺎﺩﻻ ﻗﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻄﻼ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﱄ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻋﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺛﺒﺖ ﻷﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺃﺟﻠﺲ ﻓﺠﻠﺴﺖ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻏﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺒﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﺢ ﻭﺧﻞ ﻭﺯﻳﺖ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻓﺎﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﺁﻛﻞ‬ ‫‪262‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻇﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺆﺗﻰ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﱂ ﺗﻚ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻠﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺯﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻑ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻌﺠﺒﺖ ﰒ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﺒﻎ ﺍﷲ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻓﻜﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﻚ ﻓﻐﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﺃﺷﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺯ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﱪﺃﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻴﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻴﲏ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺳﻔﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺒﺔ ﺻﻮﻑ ﻭﻛﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻼﻫﻲ ﻭﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﺴﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳜﻞ ﺑﺎﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺳﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﻔﻰ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻐﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﺑﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻐﺎ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﺠﻢ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﻮﻩ ﻭﲪﻠﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳛﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﲤﻠﺊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻴﻒ ﻓﺤﻠﻒ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺎﻇﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻭﻧﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﻤﻮﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺠﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺷﺄﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﻛﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﲏ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺤﻨﻂ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﻴﺖ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻷﺿﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻜﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻱ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻓﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻀﻮﺍ ﻭﻧﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻐﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺯﻗﺎﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﹰ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺸﻰ ﰲ ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪263‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﻩ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻃﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺄﱂ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﰒ ﺭﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻣﻔﻠﺤﺎﹰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﳝﺴﻜﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﻭﻗﻒ ﺑﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﱐ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻓﺮﺡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺭﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﻭﺳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺰﻡ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻌﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻴﺘﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺭﻗﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﳋﻠﻴﻔﺘﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻫﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳏﺒﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺳﻖ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﰒ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺻﲑ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻜﺮﻫﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﻭﺧﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻭﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻘﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻮﻥ ﰒ ﺃﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﻻﺯﻝ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺞ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ‪‬ﺒﻮﺫ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺁﺩﻣﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﱪ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﺪﺭﳘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻳﻄﺆﻫﻦ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪264‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺚ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻣﺢ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺿﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻛﻮﺍﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻏﻼﺀ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻭﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﺍﺀﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺷﺮﻁ ﺇﻥ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻔﺬﻩ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻔﺘﻜﻮﺍ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﺐ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻬﺒﻮﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﰊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻜﻔﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﲣﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺤﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﲣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻩ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﺝ ﻟﲑﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺧﻮﻙ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﻙ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻓﻴﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﺪﻭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮ ﰒ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺭﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻪ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺣﻠﻒ ﱄ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﻠﻤﲏ ﻓﺤﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﳓﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﻓﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻓﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﳝﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﲞﻠﻊ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪265‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺻﺎﻋﺪﺍﹰ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺗﲔ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺌﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻝ ﻤﻤﺘﻨﻌﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺒﺎﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺘﺤﻤﻝ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﻝ ﻁﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺒﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﻬﺮ ﻭﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺚ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺎﺧﻠﻌﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﺨﻠﻌﻮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﺄﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲞﻠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﳏﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻘﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻘﻮﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﳜﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻠﻌﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﻣﺮﺍ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳛﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺰﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲬﺎﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻧﺒﺜﻖ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﺜﻖ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺥ ﻓﻬﺪﻡ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻃﺮﺳﻮﺱ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻏﻨﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺟﺪ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺤﺞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﻬﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺼﺤﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﻓﺼﺤﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﱄ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﻮﺱ ﻓﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﻩ ﰒ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻏﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻏﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪266‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺫﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻧﻔﻖ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳎﻠﺴﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻔﻮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻷﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﻗﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺠﺄﻩ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻢ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻐﻢ ﰲ ﺑﺴﺎﻁ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻹﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻼﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﶈﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳝﺪﺣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺯﺠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻲ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﺭ ﺤﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﻤﻭﺜﻘﻪ‬

‫ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻘﺘﺴﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﺒﻴﺩﻴﻙ ﺘﺤﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﺘﻁﻠﻘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺤﻜﻡ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻁﺎﺵ ﺴﻬﻡ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻤﻭﻓﻘﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳌﺎ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻻ ﺃﻤﻠﻙ ﺩﻓﻌ ﺎﹰ ﻟﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﺃﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺴﻑ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻤﻀﻲ ﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﻴﺸﻌﺭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﻠﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺸﺘﻬﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﻟﻭﺍ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﲟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺛﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺴﺨﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻜﻠﻴﻼ ﺭﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺭ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻤﻭﺕ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺒﻕ ﻟﻲ ﺤﺫﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺌﺏ ﻓﻠﺘﺠﺘﻬﺩ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﲰﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺯ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳉﱪﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﺄﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﲑﺓ ﻭﻳﻄﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻳﺘﺼﻴﺪ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻘﺜﺄﺓ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺜﺄﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﺠﻲﺀ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺜﺄﺓ ﰒ ﻛﻠﻤﲏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﲏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻔﻜﺖ ﺩﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﺎﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺜﺄﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻟﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻭﳘﺖ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﺭﻭﻡ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﻠﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﱄ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻨﻈﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﳐﺘﻠﻖ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺯﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺯﻟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺷﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﺟﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪268‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻫﺒﻮﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺭﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻔﺮﻁ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﻴﺒﻪ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﺩ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﳝﺪﺣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﺄﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺸﺊ ﻤﻠﻜﻜﻡ‬

‫ﻜﺫﺍ ﺒﺄﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻴﺠﺩﺩ‬

‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻴﻅﻝ ﺍﻷﻤﺱ ﻴﻌﻤﻝ ﻨﺤﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺘﻠﻬﻑ ﻤﻠﻬﻭﻑ ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﺍﹰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻟﻼ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﻁﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻙ ﻜﻥ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﻗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﻓﻜﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﺸﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻛﺴﻒ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻓﻬﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺢ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﺪﺍﻣﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻋﻘﺒﻬﺎ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻣﻜﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺤﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﺻﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﻭﺯ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺍﻥ ﻭﺻﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻓﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﻨﺖ ﲬﺎﺭﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫‪269‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺗﻜﺔ ﳎﻮﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳﺚ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻀﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﲟﺼﺮ ﲪﺮﺓ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﲑﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺮ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﻀﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻓﺨﻮﻓﻪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲰﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ؟ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﻴﻞ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻘﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺯﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﳓﻮ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﳔﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺑﻴﻀﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻭﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻏﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺼﻴﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺀﻩ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺴﻄﺖ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻛﺄﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺎﺀﻩ ﺫﺍﻛﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﻠﺪﱐ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻲ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﳌﺪﻉ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﻛﻴﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﻣﻀﻴﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺰﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻏﺮﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺓ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﺎﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﺤﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺍﹰ ﻴﻀﺭﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭ ﺩﺭﻴﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺰﻋﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﺛﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺩﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺵ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻤﻨﻙ ﻤﺫ ﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ ﺘﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻟﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ‬

‫ﻱﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻭ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺭﻗﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻙ ﻋﻭﻝ ﻭﻨﺤﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺅﺍﺩﻱ ﺤﺸﻭﻩ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻥ ﻟﻬﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻟﺘﻴﻘﻨﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻙ ﻤﺤﺯﻭﻥ ﻜﺌﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺴﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ ﺩﻤﻊ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﻌﺼﻲ‬

‫ﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻙ ﺘﻁﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ ﻭﺼﺒﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﳝﺪﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺟﺰﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻁﻴﻑ ﺃﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻡ‬

‫ﻴﻁﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺠﺎﺩ ﻨﻌﻡ‬

‫ﻴﺸﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻤﻥ ﻟﺜﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻀﻡ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻴﻀﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻟﻡ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻨﺼﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﻨﻡ‬

‫ﺸﻭﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻡ ﺫﻡ‬

‫ﻜﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻜﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺼﻡ؟‬ ‫‪271‬‬

‫ﺒﺫﻱ ﺴﻠﻡ‬

‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺩﻡ‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺼﻡ‬

‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻡ‬

‫ﺨﺎﻻ ﻭﻋﻡ‬

‫ﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﻠﻡ‬

‫ﻁﻭﺩ ﺃﺸﻡ‬

‫ﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻡ‬

‫ﺠﻼ ﺍﻟﻅﻠﻡ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﺘﻡ‬

‫ﺭﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻤﻡ‬

‫ﺤﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺅﻡ‬

‫ﺨﺹ ﻭﻋﻡ‬

‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﺴﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ ﺠﻡ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﺘﺴﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺩﻡ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺰﺍﺟﻪ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﰒ ﲤﺎﺳﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺒﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺫﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﺎﻙ ﺒﺴﻭﺀ‬

‫ﺠﺯﻋﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬

‫ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻜﺲ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﻧﺒﻀﻪ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺪﺣﺎﻩ ﺃﺫﺭﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﺮ ﺃﻧﺸﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻙ ﻻ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﺄﻤﻨﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﺇﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺕ ﺼﻨﺎﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻡ ﺃﺩﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻠﻴﺕ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻝ ﺒﺎﺯﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻡ ﻋﺯﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪272‬‬

‫ﻭﺨﺫ ﺼﻔﻭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺼﻔﺕ ﻭﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻨﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺒﻕ ﻟﻲ ﺤﺎﻻ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺭﻉ ﻟﻲ ﺤﻘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻭﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﻤﻬﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﻨﻪ ﺨﻠﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺘﺘﻬﻡ ﻏﺭﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﺯﻗﺘﻬﻡ ﺸﺭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻨﺕ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﻲ ﺭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ ﺴﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺨﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺭﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﺎ ﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻔﺭﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺠﻼ ﻤﻠﻘﻰ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻓﺴﺩﺕ ﺩﻨﻴﺎﻱ ﻭﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﺴﻔﺎﻫﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺼﺭﻋﻪ ﺃﺸﻘﻰ‬

‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﻴﺕ ﺸﻌﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﷲ ﺃﻡ ﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻟﻘﻴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻥ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﺘﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻻﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻬﻝ ﻟﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺱ ﻤﺤﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺞ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺴﺎﺌﻠﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻤﻲ ﻴﺫﻭﺏ ﻭﻤﻘﻠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻲ ﺃﻟﻴﻑ ﺒﻌﺩﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ ﻴﺤﻔﻅﻜﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻻﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭﻯ ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺫﻭ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻜﺘﺌﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﻴﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻕ‬

‫ﻭﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻳﺮﺛﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺩﻫﺭ ﻭﻴﺤﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻟﻲ ﺃﺤﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﻐﻔﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻝ ﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻗﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﻀﻴﺕ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺭﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﹰ ﺼﻤﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻅﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺼﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﺠﺒﻬﺎ؟‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺤﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺘﻤﻠﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻠﺕ ﻤﺼﻌﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺠﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩ ﺴﻭﺀ ﺘﺄﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻤﻬﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﺘﻪ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺘﻌﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺼﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻥ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻥ ﻤﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻐﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻬﺠﺎ‬

‫ﻤﺫ ﻤﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻗﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻜﺒﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﺍﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﺎﺌﻑ ﻜﺎﻟﻐﺯﻻﻥ ﺭﺍﺘﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺴﺤﺒﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻠﻝ ﻤﻭﺸﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﻭﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺡ ﺘﺤﺴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻴﺎﻗﻭﺘﺔ ﻜﺴﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻀﺔ ﺯﺭﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺒﺘﻐﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺼﻼﺡ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﺫ ﻓﺴﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺯﻟﺕ ﺘﻔﺴﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻜﻝ ﻗﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺤﻁﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﻴﺕ ﻓﻼ ﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺜﺭ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻜﺄﻨﻙ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺃﺤﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﱪﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﻏﺮﺓ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺟﻴﺠﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﲝﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻜﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻓﺒﻮﻳﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻹﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﻬﺾ ﺑﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﰱ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻣﺮ ﺑﺪﺟﻠﺔ ﰲ ﲰﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﲪﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﺻﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﲑﺓ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻗﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪274‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﳔﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻮﺿﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺁﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﺛﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻏﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺙ ﻭﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺩﻋﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﻧﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﳝﺪﺡ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻜﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺫﺭ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺁﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺘﻡ‬

‫ﺴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺭ‬

‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻨﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺤﻜﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻨﻜﻡ‬

‫ﺼﻔﻭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺅﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺯﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺫﺍﻜﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﺼﺎﻜﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺁﺳﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺻﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺷﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻻﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﲦﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺛﻌﻠﺐ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻨﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺷﻨﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺟﺰﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻰ ﻭﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻔﻅﻭﺍ ﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻙ ﻭﻴﺭﻋﻭﻩ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻩ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺷﻐﺐ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺼﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﻢ ﻓﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺼﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻡ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺢ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻻ ﺃﺭﺿﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﻛﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﺯﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺼﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰱ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﺷﺢ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻕ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﳑﻦ ﲰﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺿﻤﺤﻼﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﳌﺪﺗﻪ ﻃﻮﻻ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻧﺴﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻻ ﳒﺮﺏ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻨﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻓﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﻡ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺁﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺰﻣﲔ ﺑﻼ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪276‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﻠﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﳋﺎﺯﻥ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﺯﺭ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﲑ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺣﺾ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻓﻔﻮﺽ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﺼﻐﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺩﻋﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﺴﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﳓﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﲤﻬﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﺑﲎ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺑﻀﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻟﺼﻐﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﺎﺥ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺃﻏﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﻐﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻮﺍﹰ ﻓﺴﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻝ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻯ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳋﻤﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺭﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﳊﻼﺝ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺼﻠﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﺮﻓﻮﻩ ﰒ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻫﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺸﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻧﻮﻇﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﻓﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﳍﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﰒ ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﺧﱳ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻓﻐﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺘﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﱳ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺨﺔ‬ ‫‪277‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﻄﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻖ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲤﻮﺗﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺵ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺰﺏ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺤﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺛﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﺭﺳﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻬﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻷﻃﻔﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪‬ﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻫﺪﻧﺔ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﻛﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ ﻼﺡ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺼﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺳﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﲑ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻓﺼﺢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻐﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﳊﺮﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﻟﺮﻛﺎﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﲟﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻞ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﲡﻠﺲ ﻭﲢﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﱪﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻏﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﻐﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺟﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺐ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺷﺘﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﲨﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻄﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺗﺄﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﻼﺝ ﺑﺈﻓﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺻﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺚ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪278‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻠﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﺪﺕ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻋﱪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺫﲝﺖ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﲎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﲰﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻓﺘﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻭﺑﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﺗﺰﻟﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﺞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﻭﻧﺰﺡ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻁ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﱄ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺲ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺑﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺐ ﻷﻣﻪ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﻀﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻓﻮﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻟﲑﺩﻭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺠﻲﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺫﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﲏ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺳﺎﳌﲔ ﻓﻮﺍﻓﺎﻫﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﻴﺞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﺘﻼ ﺫﺭﻳﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺑﻮﺱ ﻓﻜﺴﺮﻩ ﰒ ﺍﻗﺘﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺭﺣﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﺑﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻩ ﻫﻠﻚ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﲨﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺠﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻌﻮﺩ ﻫﺰﻳﻞ ﻓﺴﻤﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻘﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻌﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﱪﻱ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﻠﻤﻚ ﻓﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻭﺒﺎﷲ ﺃﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻴﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻕ ﻭﺃﻓﻨﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻫﺎﺟﺖ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻚ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﺍﹰ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪ "79 :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻳﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﻮﺍ ﻭﺭﻓ ﻌﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻭﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭ ﻓﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﲝﺮﺑﺔ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰒ ﺫﲝﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺷﻴﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻣﺢ ﻭﺳﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺳﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺸﻴﺶ ﰒ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺑﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﻄﲑ ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻓﺄﺷﺮﻓﺖ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺲ ﻭﻧﺸﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺻﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﺩﻓﻪ ﲪﻞ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻓﺰﲪﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﳊﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﻼﺏ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﺤﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﺒﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻏﻠﱭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﺋﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﻈﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﺯ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺯﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺤﺔ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺧﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻮﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﲬﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻟﻠﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻓﻘﺘﻼ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺯﻳﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺫﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺯﻗﻲ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻙ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﺰﻥ ﺭﺯﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﳚﻲ ﻭﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻨﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻔﺶ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻌﱯ ﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﱄ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻤﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻓﺒﻮﻳﻊ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺁﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﻋﺬ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻐﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﲝﻬﻢ ﻭﻃﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻴﻄﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪281‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﺖ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﰒ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻓﺴﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻧﻘﺶ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﻨﲔ ﻭﻧﻔﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻧﻴﺚ ﻭﻛﺴﺮ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺫﺝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻭﻳﺞ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻄﻊ ﻣﺎﻻ ﺟﻠﻴﻼ ﻓﺎﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﳐﺪﻭﻣﻪ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﻫﻮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻬﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﲑﺍﹰ ﺻﻌﻠﻮﻛﺎﹰ ﻳﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﺭ ﰒ ﺗﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻸ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻌﱪﺕ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻤﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍﹰ ﳌﺮﺩﺍﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺥ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻠﻖ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺻﻠﺤﹰﺎ ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺷﲑﺍﺯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻸﻯ ﺫﻫﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺎﹰ ﳜﻴﻂ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺷﺎﹰ ﻓﻈﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻗﺎﹰ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻓﺤﻔﺮﻭﻩ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﱰﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﲞﱵ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺌﺮ ﻭﻃﻤﺖ ﻭﺫﻧﺒﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺯﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﺤﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲢﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﺣﺸﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﲎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻣﲑ ﻟﻴﺤﺒﺴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻛﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﱄ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪282‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﺑﺮﺋﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﻠﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﳜﻠﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺃﱐ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺩﻋﲏ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻜﺤﻠﻪ ﲟﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﳏﻤﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻔﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻓﺴﻤﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺳﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻮﺝ ﺳﻔﺎﻛﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺣﺎﺟﺒﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺣﺮﺑﺔ ﳛﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏ ﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻀﺮﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﺷﻴﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﻋﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲰﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺮﲨﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺩﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﺪﺱ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﺎﺩﻻ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻏﺼﺒﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺑﲎ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻣﺘﻜﱪﺍﹰ ﻓﺴﻠﻚ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻇﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻭﺍﳊﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺑﲎ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻛﺄﺫﻧﺔ ﻭﻃﺮﺳﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻋﺶ ﻭﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﳉﺔ ﻭﺭﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺟﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻷﻣﲔ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻚ ﰲ ﻟﺬﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺴﺪﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻭﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﲟﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﲰﺎﻋﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺟﻴﺒﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﲰﻌﺖ‬ ‫‪283‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﻭﻛﺄﱐ ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺆﻧﺲ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﲰﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﺐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﻓﻌﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺯﺧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻐﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻜﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻫﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﲡﺪﻩ ﻓﺤﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﺮﰐ ﰲ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻨﻌﻤﻚ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺠﻌﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﰒ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﳘﻠﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻴﺸﻨﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻇﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻭﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﲢﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﱂ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻭﺃﳏﻖ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﳝﺎﻃﻞ ﲝﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﲬﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪284‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺴﻤﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﲔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺪﻩ ﳎﻮﺳﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ ﺟﺪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﳎﻮﺳﻲ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺎﹰ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺇﻏﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻤﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻇﻬﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻤﻐﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻗﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﻴﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺻﻠﺐ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﰱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺰﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻗﻠﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻨﺒﻮﺫ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﶈﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﻮﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﻇﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺿﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺑﻄﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻻ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻮﻥ ﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﻫﺖ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻐﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﳘﺔ ﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺍﱐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳍﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﻠﺒﲔ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺣﺼﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺇﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪285‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﲨﻞ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻭﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻏﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲰﺤﺎﹰ ﻛﺮﳝﺎﹰ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﲰﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻝ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺫﺭ‬

‫ﻜﻝ ﺼﻔﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻝ‬

‫ﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻋﻅ ﻴﻨﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬

‫ﺘﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻔﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺏ ﻓﺎﻏﻔﺭ ﺨﻁﻴﺌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻗﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺰﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻏﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﺄﻃﺮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﰒ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻗﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ "ﺭﺏ ﺃﻭﺯﻋﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ"‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ‪ "19 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﰒ ﺗﺒﻌﲏ ﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﻔﻄﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﻣﱪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻄﺨﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻨﺒﻮﺫ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪286‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﲑ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻧﺒﻴﺬﺍﹰ ﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﻧﺪﳝﺎﹰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﲜﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲤﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﻣﺢ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﻓﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻄﺮ ﻭﺭﻋﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﲜﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﺗﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺣﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲜﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﻮﺭﺗﻜﲔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﺰﻡ ﻛﻮﺭﺗﻜﲔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻂ ﻭﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺤﻄﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﺮﺑﺎ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻏﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﰒ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﳋﱪ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻓﺴﺎﻕ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻱ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺯﻥ ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻓﺎﺭﻗﲔ ﻭﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻼ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺴﻤﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻮﺍ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ‬ ‫‪287‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺎﹰ ﳍﺮﺏ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻫﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﲑﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﲑﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﲜﻴﺶ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺮﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﻜﱪﺍ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﰒ ﺗﻼﻗﻮﺍ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺠﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﻓﺠﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻏﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﷲ ﺍﷲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﺘﺮﺟﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻛﺤﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺤﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺼﺭﺕ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺸﻴﺨﻲ ﻋﻤﻰ‬

‫ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻤﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻤﻁﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻴﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﺭ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﳛﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﺴﺠﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﺺ ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﲑﺯﺍﺩ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺒﺲ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻮﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻭﱄ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﺟﻮﺭﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻨﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻏﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﳓﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪288‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﲑﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻄﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺷﲑﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺎﳘﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﻟﻘﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺓ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻏﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﲔ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﻤﻚ ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﺢ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﺴﺒﺢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻀﺞ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﲣﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻓﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﻢ ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻤﺪ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻇﻨﺎﹰ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺒﻴﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺬﺑﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻃﺮﺣﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻗﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﲰﻠﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﰒ ﺳﺠﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺷﻐﻠﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺙ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺃﻛﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﳊﻮﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﳌﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﺮ‬ ‫‪289‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﻨﻄﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻷﺳﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻐﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻏﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺬ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺸﲔ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺃﺷﺮﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﱄ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﳑﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻯ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺟﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺳﺄﻝ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺸﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻕ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻳﺸﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﻣﻠﺖ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﻠﻮﻉ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻓﺘﻌﺰﺯﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻗﻬﻢ ﳌﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻌﻮﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺰ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪290‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻫﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﱂ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻻﺯﻝ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺧﺴﻒ ﺑﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﳓﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﺧﺴﻒ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺨﺴﻒ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺠﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲟﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳔﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺧﺮﻭﻗﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ ﺑﻘﻢ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﺄﺗﻠﻔﺖ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺑﲎ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﺷﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺠﻼ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺿﻌﻔﺔ ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻮﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻗﺮﻳﻄﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺪﻙ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳏﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﱯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﳏﻲ ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ ﻵﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺮﺣﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻡ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺧﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺦ‬ ‫‪291‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻧﺼﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺡ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﻳﻠﻄﻤﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﻳﻘﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﺳﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺛﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻏﺪﻳﺮ ﺧﻢ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺩﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻠﺘﺼﻘﲔ ﻋﻤﺮﳘﺎ ﲬﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻭﳍﻤﺎ ﺑﻄﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺗﺎﻥ ﻭﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻋﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻋﻄﺸﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﺨﺬﺍﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺣﻠﻴﻼﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺩ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺣﻲ ﻓﺄﻧﱳ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﰒ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺃﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻳﻌﺰﻳﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﲎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻐﲑ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﲞﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻣﻄﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻋﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻴﻤﻠﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻴﺴﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺰ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺳﺒﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﲝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺷﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺮﻍ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺍﻧﻘﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﺿﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﲰﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺿﻪ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﲝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‬ ‫‪292‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺴﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲞﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﺸﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻗﻤﺎﺷﻪ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺷﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺻﻮﺩﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﲔ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺮﻕ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﻗﺖ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺱ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻻ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺷﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻭﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻃﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﺰﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﳜﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﻔﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﳊﺎﺟﺒﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﳋﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﷲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺣﲔ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻻﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺳﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﻛﺮﺧﻲ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺮﻣﻴﺴﲔ ﻭﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻀﺮ ﻭﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﲪﺺ ﻭﺟﻨﺪ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺻﻢ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﻨﺪ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﳛﻤﺪ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﲟﻦ ﻳﺬﻡ ﺷﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﳌﱪﺯ ﰲ ﻋﻔﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﻲ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﰲ ﻭﺭﻋﻪ ﻭﻧﺰﺍﻫﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﶈﺒﻮ ﺑﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﱮ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﻀﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺰﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫‪293‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﳎﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻮﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺼﻤﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﳊﻈﻪ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﻳﻮﰲ ﻛﻼﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺼﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺣﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﻳﻴﺄﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻓﺎﹰ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﶈﻈﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﶈﺠﻮﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﻛﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻃﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﰿ ﻭﺛﻘﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﷲ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺴﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺷﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﲏ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﷲ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﺒﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺃﻣﻴﺰ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ ﺗﻨﺎﻃﺢ ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﷲ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺫﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﱯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺹ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﰊ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪294‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﺧﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺩ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻨﱯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﱄ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﱐ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ﻓﺄﻋﺠﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﻐﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺄﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻏﻼ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﻭﻓﺎﺭ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻷﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻷﻥ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻫﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﻟﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺠﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺬﻟﻞ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺿﺤﻜﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻮﺗﺐ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﻋﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﰲ ﻓﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﲔ ﻋﻮﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻝ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪295‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻓﺰﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺮﺩﻩ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺳﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺘﺎﺝ ﳎﻮﻫﺮ ﻭﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺀﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻔﻀﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻭﻻﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺮﻯﺀ ﲝﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻭﱂ ﲡﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﺎﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺩﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺎ ﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺩﺏ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻈﻲ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻭﳚﺪﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺼﺤﻒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺠﺎﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﲔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﰒ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺎﻉ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺃﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪296‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻥ ﺇﱄ ﻓﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﺛﲎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﻠﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻔﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﻠﺴﻦ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻮﺽ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻏﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﺪﺑﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﻬﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﱵ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﰊ ﻓﺘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﲏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻓﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﺗﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻬﻨﺌﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﳚﻠﺴﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺩﺳﺖ ﳑﻠﻜﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺳﺒﺎﻱ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺻﺤﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﺎﹰ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﳛﺠﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﺂﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﱂ ﲡﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﲞﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻣﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻐﺰﺍﻩ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﴰﺲ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺀﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻫﻢ ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺞ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺰﻣﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻳﻔﱳ ﻓﺄﻋﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺤﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻬﻨﺌﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺳﲑﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪297‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺣﺮ ﻭﲰﻮﻡ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺭﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻔﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻏﺮﻗﺖ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﺤﺪﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺏ ﻓﻄﺮﺣﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺟﻮﺧﻰ ﻓﺸﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﰊ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻳﻌﺰﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻕ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻭﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﰒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻕ ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺏ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺠﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﻓﻠﻔﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺻﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﳝﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﲞﻠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻔﺬ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻀﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﻴﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﳏﺘﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻧﻪ ﲪﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﴰﻌﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺷﻴﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻭﺭﺛﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﳍﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻫﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲏ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﺍﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺍﰊ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻛﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﲤﲎ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﻣﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻴﺎ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺠﺩﺩﻩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻘﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﳍﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺇﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲨﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﲝﻀﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﺰﻋﺞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺩﺷﲑ ﺩﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﲰﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﲰﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺠﻮﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﺞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﳎﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﻖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﱵ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻌﺎﻟﱯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪299‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻟﻡ ﺘﺭ ﻤﺫ ﻋﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻼﻙ ﻋﺼﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻭﺡ ﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻁﻭﺘﻪ ﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻴﺼﻴﺢ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻝ ﺼﺎﺌﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺭﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺢ‬

‫ﻭﻴﺎ ﺒﺅﺱ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺴﺭﺨﺱ‬

‫ﺘﻤﺯﻕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻁﺎﺌﺢ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺭﻕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﻝ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻀﺭﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﺘﻌﺘﺭﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬

‫ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺒﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﻝ ﻏﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺢ‬

‫ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺠﺭﺠﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺩﺍﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺭﺼﺩﻩ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻥ ﻁﺎﻤﺢ‬

‫ﻭﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺸﺎﻩ ﺸﺎﻩ ﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﻨﻌﻴﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺱ ﻁﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻴﺨﻁﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺒﺴﺕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻐﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺥ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺩﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﻜﻠﻜﻝ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﻭﺵ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻰ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻁﻭﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺌﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﺜﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻗﻴﻥ ﻤﻔﺎﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﺘﻐﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻌﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺼﺢ‬

‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻤﺼﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺒﻭﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺴﻭﺀ ﺴﻠﺒﻬﻥ ﻓﻭﺍﺩﺡ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺯﺠﺎﻥ ﻗﻨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻴﺎﺓ ﻓﻭﺍﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﻤﺢ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ‪ :‬ﲪﺺ ﲪﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺼﻔﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﻲ ﲟﻐﺮﰊ ﻓﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺐ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻗﻠﺪ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻱ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﲑﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﲟﺼﺮ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺻﱪﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻜﺘﺐ ﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﺧﻴﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﳑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﲏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﺄﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﳌﻌﺎﻭﻧﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﺾ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻗﺮﻡ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﰲ ﺯﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﺃﺫﻥ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻁﺭﻴﻑ‬

‫ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻴﺘﻐﻨﻰ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻀﻴﻴﻥ ‪ :‬ﻴﻌﺯﻯ‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻬﻨﻰ‬

‫ﻭﺫﺍ ﻴﻘﻭﻝ ﺠﺒﺭﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺫﺍ ﻴﻘﻭﻝ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺤﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻜﺫﺒﺎﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻌ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﻕ ﻤﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺍﳔﺮﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻭﺣﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﲝﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺰﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﻀﻌﻀﻌﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪301‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺮﺟﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺮﺯﺑﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﱐ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺍﰲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻭﻻﻕ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﲰﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻓﻮﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺯﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺧﺴﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻤﻴﻬﲏ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﰱ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﻨﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﲏ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﻹﲰﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺻﺒﻎ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻻﻝ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺃﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳍﺮﻭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﱵ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻔﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺴ ﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺏ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﱄ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻟﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﲏ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺼﻢ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺔ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﻭﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻋﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪302‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﺭﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﻰ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﲨﻴﻼ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﺸﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﲪﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﹰ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺍﻫﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﻗﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺋﺞ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺤﻞ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻭﺩﻋﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺟﱯ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺧﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﰒ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺐ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻄﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻬﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﰒ ﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻼﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺒﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺎ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﻭﺃﻃﻤﻌﻪ ﲟﻨﺼﺐ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺗﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰒ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﺳﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰒ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﱄ ﻏﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻋﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺰ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﻓﺤﺎﺭﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﻓﻈﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻣﺼﻼﻩ ﻭﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﺍﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺩ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﳑﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪303‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺐ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﻫﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺠﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﺳﲑﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻗﺼﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻘﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻏﲏ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﻭﺇﻃﻼﻋﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻗﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺿﻐﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻤﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﺘﻮﺍﹰ ﻭﻋﺪﻭﺍﹰ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺰ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻚ ﻧﻌﺘﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﲔ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻧﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﻚ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻨﺎﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﺗﻮﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﻓﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻇﻼﻣﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮﻣﻚ ﻭﻭﺛﻘﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻣﻚ ﻓﺎﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻻ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﲟﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﱴ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻴﻒ ﲞﻤﺴﲔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻏﺰﻧﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺟﻐﺮﻱ ﺑﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻕ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﻱ ﺑﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺳﻼﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻟﻄﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻜﻞ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻧﺰﻋﺞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﻰ ﰒ ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﲏ ﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻬﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﲢﻜﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﳑﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻋﻀﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺩﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺯﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺄﺑﻄﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪304‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺯﺝ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺃﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻗﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻴﺎﻝ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺿﻮﺀﻩ ﻭﻏﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳛﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻓﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﰒ ﺗﻠﻄﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﺭﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻜﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻕ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﻪ ﻭﺗﺸﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻩ ﻭﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻓﻪ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﲝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻠﻌﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺫﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺤﻂ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻁ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻹﺭﺩﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺍﳍﺮ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺁﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺪ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﲟﺪ ﺑﺮ؟ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﻬﻨﺊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻨﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬

‫ﺴﻨﻭ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻁﺎﻋﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺱ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺧﻄﺐ ﲝﻠﺐ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻟﺐ‬ ‫‪305‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰒ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻪ ﲟﺎﻝ ﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﻭﻫﺎﺩﻧﻪ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ؟ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻜﺸﻒ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺟﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺗﺎﺑﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻛﻠﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺭﻏﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺭﻛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﻀﺮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺼﺪ ﻭﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﳓﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺪ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﻡ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﳓﻠﺖ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻭﺻﺎﻩ ﰒ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻭﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﻗﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻌﻠﱯ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰﱄ ﻭﻣﻜﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺪﻭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﲏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻴﻄﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻋﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺬﱄ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﻴﻖ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲪﻞ ﻓﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺟﻮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫‪306‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻐﺎﱐ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﲑﺍﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺍﻃﻲ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺌﺰﺭ ﻭﺧﺮﺏ ﺃﺑﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﳊﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﳍﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳒﺒﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﲑﻭﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳊﻮﺕ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻭﱘ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﲝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﹰ ﻓﻮﻋﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﺼﺒﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﺎﺟﺖ ﻓﱳ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻬﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺬ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺭﺧﺼﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻉ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻇﻬﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻤﺶ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻗﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﺼﺮﺍﺀ ﲜﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﻳﺒﺸﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﺁﻝ ﺳﻠﺠﻮﻕ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻕ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﺎﳌﻄﺮ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺍﻋﻖ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻓﻈﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪307‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺗﺎﺷﻔﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﺒﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﱰﻝ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﺰﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﻭﺩﺭﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻛﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻳﱰﻟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻋﺎﺯﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﱄ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺎﻧﺰﻋﺞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻬﻠﲏ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺩﻋﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻟﻘﺖ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺘﻤﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻠﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻓﺤﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﲰﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳉﺮﺟﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻐﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺷﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺩﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﻛﺮﱘ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﳛﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻏﺰﻳﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﲰﺤﺎﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺤﺎﺀ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺼﻒ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻓﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻻ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺯﺣﻞ ﰲ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﻮﺕ ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻞ ﻏﺮﻕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺃﺭﻏﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻟﺐ ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﲝﻠﺐ ﻭﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﺓ ﻭﺷﻴﺰﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﰒ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻧﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻩ ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻃﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﰲ ﲝﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺰﻋﺠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﻤﻠﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩ ﻭﻫﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﻔﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﻭﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﻛﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﺑﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ﻓﺘﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻴﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻤﺯﺠﻨﺎ ﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺠﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﺒﻕ ﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﺭﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺍﺤﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺸﺭ ﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﺩﻤﻊ ﻴﻔﻴﻀﻪ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺸﺒﺕ ﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺍﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻴﻠﺤﻘﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻝ ﺃﻤﻥ ﻭﻏﺒﻁﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻴﺵ ﻜﻨﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﺎﻋﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻝﺀ ﺠﻔﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺒﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻴﻘﻅﺕ ﻜﻝ ﻨﺎﺌﻡ‬

‫ﻭﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻴﻀﺤﻲ ﻤﻘﻴﻠﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﺍﻜﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻁﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺎﻋﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻭﻤﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻨﺘﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺠﺭﻭﻥ ﺫﻴﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻔﺽ ﻓﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺒﻴﺤﺕ؟ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺩﻤﻰ‬

‫ﺘﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺤﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﻡ‬

‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺽ ﻤﺤﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻅﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺴﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺎﺯﻡ‬

‫ﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻟﻬﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﻥ ﺒﻁﻴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻴﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﻴﺎ ﺁﻝ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬

‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻤﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺸﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺭﻤﺎﺤﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻴﺠﺘﻨﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺨﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﺴﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﻀﺭﺒﺔ ﻻﺯﻡ‬

‫ﺃﺘﺭﻀﻰ ﺼﻨﺎﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﺏ ﺒﺎﻷﺫﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺘﻐﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝ ﻜﻤﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺠﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺫﻭﺩﻭﺍ ﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻀﻨﻭﺍ ﻏﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠ ﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻏﻴﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰒ ﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻌﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻃﱪﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺧﻮﻓ ﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﻓﺂﻭﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺐ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﻉ ﲢﺖ ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺳﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺣﻴﻔﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻮﻑ ﻭﻗﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺟﺮﺕ ﻓﱳ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪310‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻧﲔ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻭﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﻔﻮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﳐﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻣﻄﻤﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻘﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺎﻫﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﺀ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﻬﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﺀ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺪﻣﺖ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺳﻠﺦ ﻛﺒﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﻨﺎﹰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺷﲑﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺘﱰﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺑﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺗﻴﻘﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺻﺎﳊﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﻑ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻓﻬﺎﺩﻧﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻏﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﻟﻌﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺒﺖ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﻘﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳍﻼﻙ ﰒ ﲡﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﺎﺷﻔﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﻏﻨﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﺩﺕ ﺷﺠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺩﻭﺩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻟﻴﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺱ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻣﻮﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﲏ ﻭﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺠﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫‪311‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﳊﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﺪﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻋﺮﻡ ﻏﺮﻕ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻞ ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻞ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻪ ﲪﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺵ ﻭﻛﱪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ ﲬﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺃﺭﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺫﺍﺏ ﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻤﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺃﺴﻠﻙ ﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﺼﻁﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﻨﻘﺽ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺏ ﻴﺎ ﺴﻜﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻤﺩﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺩﺍﻉ ﻴﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻬﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻯ ﻗﺩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻼ ﻋﺎﻴﻨﺘﻜﻡ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺋﺤﻲ ﻣﺪﺣﺎﹰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻌﺼﻤ ﺎﹰ ﺃﺭﺠﻭ ﻨﻭﺍﻝ ﺃﻜﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺭ ﻤﻊ ﻜﺒﺭﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺒﺎﷲ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﺎﺼﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻭﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﺤﻲ ﺒﺸﻌﺭ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﲜﺎﺋﺰﺗﲔ‪ :‬ﲞﲑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺃﺕ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ ﺳﺮﻕ" "ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ "81 :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺒﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﱰﻳﻪ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻭﺷﻴﺬﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﺎ ﺍﳍﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻴﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪312‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﳘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺇﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎ ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺷﻴﺪ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﻃﺮﺯ ﺃﻛﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺴﺮ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﲑﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﱵ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺑﻠﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺗﻨﺴﻚ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﺢ ﺍﳋﻂ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻏﺎﻟﻴﻂ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻗﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺪﺭﺓ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﺮﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺘﻼ ﰒ ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻟﺪﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺻﻪ ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺤﺜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻜﻮﺍ ﻭﺿﺠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺳﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﻨﺪﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﲬﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻴﺜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺢ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺼﻞ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪313‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺻﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻻﺯﻝ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﱄ ﲝﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﷲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺘﻼﰱ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻋﺰﻩ ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺳﻨﺠﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻻﹰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺚ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻋﺰﻩ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﺠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻔﺘﻜﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻐﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺣﻔﺎﺓ ﳐﺮﻗﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻧﺎﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﻳﻠﻄﻤﻦ ﻭﻳﻘﻠﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺛﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺒﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﱪﻩ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﲟﺮﺍﻏﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺸﻘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ ﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺯﺍﺤﻡ‬

‫ﺴﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﻡ ﺨﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻀﻰ‬

‫ﺒﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﺽ ﺼﻭﺍﺭﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﺠﺒﺎ ﻟﻸﺴﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻅﻔﺭﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺤﺸﻲ ﺴﻘﺕ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻜﻼﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﻋﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻠﺠﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻭﺃﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺰﳝﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺮ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺤﺎ‬

‫ﻁ ﺒﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺄﺠﺒﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﻅ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻋﻅ ﻏﺭ‬

‫ﻻ ﻨﻠﺕ ﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﻤﺎ ﺤﻴﻲ‬

‫ﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺭ ﺸﺭ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻲ‬

‫ﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻴﻨﻔﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻴﺪ ﺃﺿﺤﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺫﻛﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺎ ﳘﻰ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﳌﻊ ﺳﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﳒﺢ ﻃﻼﺏ ﻭﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﺇﻳﺎﺏ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﻠﻴﻐﺔ ﰒ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﲏ ﰲ ﺫﺭﻳﱵ ﻭﺃﻋﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﻭﺃﻭﺯﻋﲏ ﺷﻜﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻚ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﲏ ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﱐ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺄ ﻟﻠﱰﻭﻝ ﺑﺪﺭﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻴﺎ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺤﻑ ﺃﻋﻼﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻤﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻪ ﻨﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻝ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺸﺭﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﻐﺭﺒ ﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺸﻨﻔﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﻋﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻙ ﺨﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻸﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻬﺎﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻭﻋﻅﺔ ﻓﺼﻝ ﻴﻠﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺠﻔﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻭﻑ ﺘﺨﻭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻤﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺩﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺠﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﺅﺜﻼ‬

‫ﻓﺄﻀﺤﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺴﺩﺕ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻟﻘﺩ ﻏﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻴﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺒﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻭﷲ ﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻋﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﻬﻨﺄ‬

‫ﺘﺸﺭﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺼﻼﺘﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺓ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﳝﺪﺣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻁﻌﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺯﻻﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺼﻭﺭﺕ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻝ ﺸﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﻤﺼﻭﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻭﻻ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻠﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻅﺎﻡ ﺠﻝ ﺠﻼﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﻣﻄﺮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻃﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻮﻛﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪315‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻐﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻐﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻻﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺴﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻠﻴﻮﺳﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺫﺵ ﻭﻇﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺑﺂﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻨﻔﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﲰﺤﺎﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﳏﻀﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﲟﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺳﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﺴﻘﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺒﺪﻝ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ؟ ﻓﺄﻓﺘﻮﺍ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﲞﻠﻌﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﺴﻄﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻏﺔ ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺛﻮﺍ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﻀﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﳘﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻓﺴﺪﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺻﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺣﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﳊﻰ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻣﻀﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻛﲔ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻌﺰﺍﺀ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺳﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪316‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﳜﻠﻊ ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﺠﺒﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﺖ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﺄﺣﻀﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺣﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﺼﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻒ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﻣﻬﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﺛﺎﺙ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﺮﺍﺩﻕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺇﺻﻄﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺳﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻋﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﻓﺠﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﻭﱄ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺭﺣﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺖ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﱄ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻧﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻋﺎﻫﺪﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺁﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺒﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻼﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺪﺓ ﰒ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﻗﺐ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺴﻮﺍ ﺭﻗﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺒﺤﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻜﺖ ﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﰒ ﺧﺴﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺤﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻐﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻋﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺗﻀﻌﻀﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‬ ‫‪317‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﺮ ﻓﺴﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻝ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺃﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺐ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﳌﻄﺮﺏ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺎﺣﺴﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺏ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﱄ ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﷲ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﻭﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ ﻭﻃﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﲰﺮﺕ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﻠﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺣﺎﺻﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻧﻜﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﺐ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺟﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﳓﻮ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﺒﻞ ﲝﻠﻮﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﲟﻄﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺩﻡ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺮﺷﻮﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﱂ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺎﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺳﺤﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﺒﻚ ﰒ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺒﻚ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻜﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ‬ ‫‪318‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻻﻩ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﲣﺒﻄﺎﹰ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﺮ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﺫﺍﻗﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻝ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻘﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻼ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﺍﺗﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺗﺐ ﺳﺎﺋﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺳﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺻﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﺻﻐﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻫﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻧﻜﻲ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻻ ﲝﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﻗﻼﻉ ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﳑﺎﻟﻜﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪﺕ ﺷﻮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﻭﺃﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻷﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﺎﳌﺎﹰ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺩﻣﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻐﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﲰﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺩﺑﻪ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﲰﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻟﺪﻓﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻋﻘﻞ ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺟﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻏﺰﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻧﻀﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺯﺍﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻓﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﻏﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ ﲰﺎﺣﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﲔ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺃﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﺮﺍﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺭﻋﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻤﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻠﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪319‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻼﻃﲔ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺠﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻛﺮﳝﺎﹰ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﲰﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻷﻫﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﻓﻴﲏ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺺ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﻕ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﱄ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﺤﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ "ﻻ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺤﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻟﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻮ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﹰ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻔﻚ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﻭﻛﺄﳕﺎ ﺃﳉﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﲝﺠﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺰﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻴﺚ ﻭﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﻬﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺯﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﳐﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﻃﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺪ ﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺴﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺯﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺃﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻛﺮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﻭﺱ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﲝﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻜﺴﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺠﻦ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻓﺤﻀﺮﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻚ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻷﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻛﻒ ﺷﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻗﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﻭﻧﺜﺮ ﺑﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻄﺮﻻﺏ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺭﺘﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻴﺏ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﺭﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺸﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻭﺍﺌﺏ ﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻠﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﲞﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺨﻝ ﺃﺸﻌﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻜﺭﻤﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺸﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺠﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺕ ﻨﻌﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺨﺼﺘﺎﻙ ﻭﻋﻤﺘﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺫﻜﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﻓﻘﻴﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻨﻜﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻭ ﺭﺍﻡ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻙ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻟﻜﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻭﺠﻌﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺀ ﻴﺎ ﺃﺒﺎ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻤﻅﻔﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻜﻨﺕ ﺃﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻔﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﲑﻛﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻟﻔﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﱰﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻨﺠﺪﺗﻪ ﻓﺮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻋﺪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺃﻟﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺟﱮ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺥ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪321‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺣﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺼﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺲ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰒ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﲜﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﻓﺮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻻﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺃﰎ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺀﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻤﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺯﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺮﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻏﻀﺔ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﻮﺱ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻧﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﻭﻓﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﺫﺍ ﺣﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﺭﺃﻓﺔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﺤﻜﻰ ﺧﻴﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﺀ ﺇﺑﺮﻳﺴﻢ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﻠﺤﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﺺ ﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻯ ﻋﻠﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻫﺒﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﺜﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻤﻌﺠﺯ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻝ‬ ‫‪322‬‬

‫ﺩ ﺒﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﻨﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻀﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺕ ﻓﻀﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺄ‬

‫ﺱ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺠﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﲑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺻﻨﻔﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﲰﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻭﻫﻰ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺑﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﺭ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﲰﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻘﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﺎﻩ ﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ ﻋﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺑﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﺑﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﻣﻮﻫﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻨﱪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﳌﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﲤﻬﺪﺕ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻣﺖ ﺻﻮﺍﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻃﺎﳌﺎ ﻣﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﺐ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ ﳑﻨﻮﺓ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﲝﺰﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻣﻜﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﺭﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺆﻣﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﺨﻁﺒﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺨﺫﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﺼﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬

‫ﻀﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻲ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺜﺒﻭﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻝ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺠﺭ ﻭﺤﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﻮﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺳﲑ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪323‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺩﺍﻟﺕ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ ﻟﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍ‬

‫ﺓ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﳌﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻧﻜﻲ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺬﺭ ﺑﺎﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺛﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺼﻎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻋﺠﻤﻲ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﺘﺪﺉ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻄﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﱰﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻓﺘﻮﰲ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﲢﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲪﺎﺭ ﳐﻄﻂ ﻭﺛﻮﺏ ﻋﺘﺎﰊ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﺘﺎﰊ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻠﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﲪﺎﺭ ﻋﺘﺎﰊ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺘﺎﰊ ﲪﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭﻧﺞ ﻫﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻏﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻜﺖ ﻗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻬﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺩﺟﻴﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻫﻠﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻄﺶ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﱯ ﻓﺘﺤﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﺼﻮﳊﻮﺍ ﲟﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮﺩﻧﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﳏﺒﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻃﻠﻊ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺼﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﻗﻮﺵ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﴰﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﲜﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻢ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﲎ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫‪324‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺦ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﳍﻤﺬﺍﱐ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺺ ﺑﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺮﺩ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺳﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﳛﻲ ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﻮ ﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳛﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺿﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻤﻌﻪ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺿﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﺭﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﳋﺬﻻﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﲟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺻﻐﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻞ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﺋﺪ ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻭﺧﺪﻉ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻄﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﲔ ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻰ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻓﺼﺒﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﲑ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳐﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳐﺪﻭﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪325‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﲞﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﲡﱪ ﻭﻃﻐﻰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﺃﳑﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺛﻠﺞ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺼﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﻟﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻃﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻟﺒﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺮﻩ ﺑﻼ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺃﺷﺒﻊ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﻭﺟﻊ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺒﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ "ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ" ﲢﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﲑﺍﻥ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﲝﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﺭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺱ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻟﺌﻼ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﲏ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻬﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﲪﺔ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻴﺚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻐﺎﺙ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﺭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﻃﻮﻕ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﺮﺳﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻮﱐ ﻓﺨﺮ ﻣﻐﺸﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺠﻞ ﺑﻜﺮﺍﻣﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻸ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﲟﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﲟﻮﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻔﻀﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺟﻼﻻ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﻟﻮﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻧﻘﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻒ ﲝﺮ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻮﺓ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﺘﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﻭﺫﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻐﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻬﺮﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺣﺾ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺅﻩ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳑﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺪ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺗﻨﺼﺪﻉ ﳍﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪326‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻏﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﺫﺍ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺻﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﻞ ﺭﺻﲔ ﻭﻣﻜﺮ ﻭﺩﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﻌﻮﻧﻪ ﲜﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺿﻴﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺃﺩﺏ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻓﻀﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺩﻱﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻒ ﻓﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻼﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻣﺘﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺳﺌﻞ ﲝﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﺴﻴﺊ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺧﺮﺑﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﻼﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺿﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﻳﻐﻮﻱ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﺮﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﲰﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻐﺎﱐ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺳﺒﻂ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﺑﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻪ ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻗﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻐﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻏﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﻠﻮﺓ ﰒ ﳛﺒﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﻗﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺷﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺼﻰ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺳﻠﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﺎﹰ ﺍﲰﻪ ﳝﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﻣﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺃﻋﺰ ﺑﺘﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪327‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﻌﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻇﻢ ﺃﻣﻨﺎﹰ ﳌﻦ ﻻﺫ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﺚ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﺷﱪ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﲟﻌﻈﻢ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﻮﻥ ﲞﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻫﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﻴﻢ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﻭﻗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻔﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻝ ﻗﻭﻝ ﻤﻌﺘﺭﻑ‬

‫ﻤﻀﻰ ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻯ ﻭﺠﺎﺀﻨﺎ ﺭﺠﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﺕ ﺯﻋﺯﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﻜﻤﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩﺍ ﻜﻭﻜﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻨﺏ‬

‫ﻜﻼ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻅﻠﻤﺕ ﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﺒﺩﺕ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺏ‬

‫ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺏ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻜﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻱ ﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻜﺫﺒﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﲏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﺑﲎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻬﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻬﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺑﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﻨﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﺒﺼﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺘﻜﺴﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻗﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬

‫ﺒﺯﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻬﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻠﻴﻜﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻔﻭﺩ ﻭﻟﻡ‬

‫ﻴﺭ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﻴﺅﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﻓﺴﺒﺤﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻔﺭﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻗﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻁﻬﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ "ﺃﱂ ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ" "ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ "2 - 1 :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﰒ ﻳﻐﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻭﻳﺼﲑ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﹰ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻠﺐ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻃﻐﺮﻟﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﻣﻞ ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﱐ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﺪﺍ ﺟﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﰒ ﻛﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺃﻧﻘﺾ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﲰﻊ ﻻﻧﻘﻀﺎﺿﻪ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﺰﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻇﻨﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻭﲤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﲟﺼﺮ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻁ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ ﻭﻓﺸﺎ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻭﺭﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪329‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻭﲤﺰﻕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ ﳑﺰﻕ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﳝﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻭﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻳﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﳊﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﲑ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻗﻼﻋﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺴﻔﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮﺕ ﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﺍﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺰﻋﺞ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺿﺠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻫﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻓﻮﺓ ﻓﻨﻬﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺗﻐﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﳍﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﺝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻋﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻭﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﲝﺬﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﲝﺬﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺘﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﲤﻨﻌﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﱀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﳏﺎﺻﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﺒﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﻓﺎﺑﺘﲎ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﲰﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻧﺰﳍﺎ ﲜﻴﺸﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻘﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﻠﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻠﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻟﺰﻡ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﻣﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻥ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﲔ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺰﻫﺪ ﲬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺑﺮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺃﺤﺩﺜﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺕ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺩﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﻜﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻜﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﰒ ﻛﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺎﹰ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻹﺷﺒﻴﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻴﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﰊ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺷﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻓﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻴﻨﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺳﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﺳﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﲤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺍﳋﺸﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻮﻁ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺑﻘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﱪﻯ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﳒﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪331‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻭﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﺴﺢ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻳﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﻙ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﺴﺐ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺪﺩﻩ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﳝﺎﹰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﺎﺙ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻼﻛﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺴﺖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺮﺑﺖ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺳﺎﳌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻨﺠﺔ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﺤﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﲑﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻨﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺧﻄﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻪ "ﻭﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻔﻔﲔ" "ﺍﳌﻄﻔﻔﲔ‪ "1 :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﺻﻨﺠﺔ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﺒﻨﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻟﻴﻮﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﺴﺮ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺤﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲣﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫‪332‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻓﺎﺗﺮﻛﻮﱐ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻓﻜﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺃﻟﻮﻑ ﺭﻗﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﳐﺘﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﱂ ﻻ ﺗﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻂ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﺩﻡ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻚ ﲤﺘﻠﺊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻟﺘﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻍ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻖ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺲ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳉﻴﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺧﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺬﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺣﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺴﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﺤﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﺼﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﻛﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺳﻨﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻟﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻨﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪333‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﳍﺪﺍﻩ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺭﺍﻏﺒﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ ﳎﺘﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﲎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﺒﺨﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺰﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﱪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻠﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﳍﻢ ﲪﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﳘﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺼﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﺟﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﺌﻦ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻷﻋﱪﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﺻﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﰊ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﺟﻲ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻟﻠﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﺜﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﲤﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﲪﻼ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ ﳓﻮ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ ﻃﺐ ﻭﺷﻴﺞ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺒﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﳊﻼﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺷﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﻄﺎﻉ ﻭﺃﻓﺮﻍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻜﻢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻋﻮﺿﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪334‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫﺍﹰ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﻱ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰒ ﺃﺩﻳﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺳﻌﺮﺕ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻋﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻝ ﺭﺃﻴﻙ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻋﺩﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻔﻴﻑ‬

‫ﻭﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻴﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻟﻔﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺄﻟﻭﻑ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻌﻙ ﻟﻠﺼﺭ‬

‫ﻑ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﱄ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﱐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻗﺎﺽ ﺭﺗﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﲤﻠﻚ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﳒﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﱄ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﻋﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻉ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻮﺿﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﲎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺏ ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﺛﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﲨﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﱐ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ ﺑﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻭ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻜﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻋﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﲝﻀﺮﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻄﺄﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﺪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻗﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺣﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﺯ‬ ‫‪335‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﱯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺍﻵﻣﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺽ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺮﻭﺩﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﰲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺯﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺼﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳉﻮﰊ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﲏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﰊ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺳﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳍﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﲞﻄﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﳝﺎﹰ ﺣﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻜﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺄﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻮ ﺍﳍﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺥ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳋﻔﺎﺟﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﲏ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻷﻋﱪﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﻮﺵ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺄﺻﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﰊ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﺟﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺧﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺁﺛﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻟﻠﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﻮﻩ ﰒ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﻲ ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻞ ﻭﻟﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺤﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻤﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻘﻴﻢ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻳﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﺑﺄﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺄﺧﻔﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﺎﺓ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫‪336‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻢ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﻟﻨﺎﺋﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻳﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ ﻓﺸﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻄﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﰒ ﺗﻨﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻟﻪ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻜﻪ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺕ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻋﺪﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﲑ ﺷﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﻧﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻱ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰒ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﻈﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﻈﺔ ﻧﺒﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺷﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻃﻠﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺼﺮ ﺿﻮﺀﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺓ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺋﺒﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﻀﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺑﺒﺼﺮﻯ" ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺼﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺋﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺃﻳﺒﻚ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺋﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺷﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻭﻧﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﺣﺮﻳﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺗﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﻟﺬﺍﺗﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻏﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪337‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﻛﺮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻤﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺳﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻬﻢ ﻓﻮﻋﺪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﺄﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺧﱪ ﻳﻄﻮﻱ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻳﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻧﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺗﺼﻐﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺣﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﲤﻠﺆﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻋﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭﺭ ﺧﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﲰﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﻳﻌﻮ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺸﺒﻪ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻛﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻀﻮﺍ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺎﻟﻄﻮﻩ ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳊﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻖ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳍﺮﺏ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺅﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻦ ﻛﺮﺟﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﺣﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻱ ﳊﻢ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﻓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻣﺘﺴﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺖ ﳑﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﳍﻢ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻄﻤﻐﺎﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﺵ ﺧﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﻤﺔ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﺯﺍﺋﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻌﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻠﻮﺧﺎﻥ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﺪﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﻐﻮﻝ ﰒ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﻁ ﻏﻴﻈﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺫﻧﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻫﺪﻳﺖ ﻭﻃﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻤﻠﻚ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻛﺸﻠﻮﺧﺎﻥ ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺗﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺷﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻳﺆﺍﻧﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺬﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﻬﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻐﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻗﺼﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻭﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪338‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻜﺴﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺤﻞ ﺷﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺸﻠﻮﺧﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻓﻤﻠﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﺸﻠﻮﺧﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻀﻌﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻇﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺎﺩﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻐﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻜﺶ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻬﻴﺄ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺵ ﻭﻛﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱰﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻔﻠﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﺨﻄﻔﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻼ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻚ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺣﻜﻤﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳌﺘﻚ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻱ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺃﻧﲏ ﲤﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺒﻼﺩﻱ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻮﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺘﲔ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻠﺘﻤﺴﻪ ﻭﺑﺸﺮ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺩﻧﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﲡﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻳﻨﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﺸﺮﻫﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺑﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﻮﺭﺩﺕ ﺭﺳﻞ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﻐﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ ﻗﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻗﺒﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻋﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻓﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺠﻠﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻫﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﺕ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺳﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﻜﺰﺧﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﳒﻔﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﺝ ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﺭﻋﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﺣﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﳒﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﺨﺎﺽ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﳊﻘﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪339‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻛﻔﻦ ﰲ ﺷﺎﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻂ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﱪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﲡﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﻢ ﻓﻄﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻗﺘﻼ ﻭﺳﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺎﻗﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻘﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻭﺧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﹰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﲞﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺒﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺏ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﻢ ﺿﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺑﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﻓﻘﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺷﻐﺮ ﻭﺑﻼﺩ ﺷﺎﻏﺮﻕ ﰒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﻠﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﺒﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻏﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻠﻜﺎﹰ ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﳘﺬﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰒ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺣﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﳜﺮﺑﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺒﻴﺤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺭﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻤﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻋﱪﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻜﺰ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﰒ ﻗﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻗﻔﺠﺎﻕ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻀﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺰﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺑﻞ ﺃﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻉ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱂ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﰲ ﳓﻮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﺋﻒ ﻳﺘﺮﻗﺐ ﻭﺻﻮﳍﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﳊﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲝﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻋﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﻠﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﺑﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻬﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﲟﺼﺎﻧﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻖ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻴﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﺪﺍﺩﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻼﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺠﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﻚ ﲜﻴﻮﺷﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻴﺤﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻓﺘﻀﺮﺏ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻣﺪ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﰲ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﻓﺴﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻨﻪ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺫﺍﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻝ ﻭﺍﳍﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻞ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺛﻲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺳﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻳﺬﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺨﺭﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺒﺎﺩﺕ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﺒﻴﻭﺘﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻭﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻨﺩﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺤﺯﻨﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻻﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﺌﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪341‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻭﻓﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺩ ﺴﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻻ ﺘﻔﺩﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺸﺭﻓﺕ‬

‫ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻔﺎﻩ ﺇﻗﻔﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﻟﻌﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺒﻌﻪ ﺃﺜﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺩﻤﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻴﺎ ﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺭ ﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﻏﻰ‬

‫ﺸﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻊ ﺇﻋﺼﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻼ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﺒﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺤﻭﻴﻪ ﺯﻨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﺤﺭﻴﻡ ﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻙ ﻏﺎﺼﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺨﺴﻔﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻟﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﺫﺨﺎﺌﺭ ﺃﻀﺤﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻜﻔﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻡ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﻭﺤﻁﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﺯﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻨﺎﺩﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻲ ﻤﻬﺘﻭﻙ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﻬﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻋﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻧﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﺣﺴﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻮﻩ ﻭﺍﻃﺮﺣﻮﻩ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻻ ﺭﲪﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺑﻘﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺟﻨﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﻒ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﻣﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻼﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺒﺒﺎﹰ ﳍﻼﻙ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻹﻫﻼﻙ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺩﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺬﺑﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﺑﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﺟﺐ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻦ‪ :‬ﻗﻼﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻼﺕ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺷﺬﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺄﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﻚ ﻻﺋﺬﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻤﻔﺭ ﻟﻬﺎﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻓﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻓﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻗﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﲰﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺿﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻨﺎ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﺻﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻦ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﱳ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﳕﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻓﺨﺴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﺭﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺩﺍ ﻨﻘﺼﻪ‬ ‫‪342‬‬

‫ﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺯﻭﺍﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻝ ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﳓﻦ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺮ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺩ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﻧﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﺪ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﲟﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﺐ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻩ ﻭﺗﻨﻞ ﺑﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺍﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﺭﺳﻠﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﺟﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﳑﻦ ﻋﺘﺎ ﻭﲡﱪ ﻭﻃﻐﻰ ﻭﺗﻜﱪ ﻭﺑﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺋﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻮﺗﺐ ﺗﻨﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻭﺟﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻻﺣﻘﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﻭﳓﻦ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻠﻜﺔ ﻻ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻧﺰﻳﻠﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﺪﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﻮﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻤﻔﺭ ﻟﻬﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﺕ ﻟﻬﻴﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻭﳓﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺻﺎﺋﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﳍﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻴﻥ ﺘﺩﺍﻴﻨﺕ؟‬

‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﻏﺭﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻏﺭﻴﻤﻬﺎ؟‬

‫ﺩﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﺫﻗﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﺻﻐﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﲑﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺴﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺼﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺬﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺻﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺗﺎﺑﻜﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺰ ﺍﳌﻌﺰﻱ ﳑﻠﻮﻙ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﱘ ﺇﻟﻴ ﻬﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﻗﻄﺰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﻭﺗﺘﺴﺎﻭﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﻼ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻗﻄﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﻳﻨﺘﺼﺐ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻗﻄﺰ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪343‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻭﺷﺎﻟﻴﺸﻪ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﲔ ﺟﺎﻟﻮﺕ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻑ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺮ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﻃﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺨﻄﻔﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺒﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺒﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺮﺩﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲝﻠﺐ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﻒ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺿﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻟﺒﻴﱪﺱ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻪ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻓﺴﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﳏﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻖ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﲟﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺄﻓﻠﺢ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﲰﻞ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﺴﻢ ﻓﺄﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﻔﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﴰﺲ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﳏﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺭﺥ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻄﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﲨﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔﻄﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﳒﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻠﻜﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳋﺴﺮﻭ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫‪344‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺒﻂ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺮﺁﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﱄ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺻﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺭﺥ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﰊ ﻧﺼﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺒﻮﺳﺎﹰ ﺑﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺵ ﻓﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺰ ﰒ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻭﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻠﻘﺐ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻟﻪ ﰒ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﺄﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻨﱪ ﻓﺼﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﰒ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﲪﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻜﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺑﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺧﺎﺯﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﺗﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﻭﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺮﺱ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺑﻐﻼﹰ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻗﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺵ ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﲝﻠﺐ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﻴﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰒ‬ ‫‪345‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻏﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰒ ﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺘﺼﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﻓﺄﺿﻤﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﲝﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﱯ ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﳒﺎ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻘﺼﺪ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﺡ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺄ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻓﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﺒﻐﺘﻪ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺳﲑ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻗﻠﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻏﺎﻧﺔ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﻫﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰒ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻴﱪﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﻚ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺅﻭﺳﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻓﺎﻩ ﺑﻐﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺒﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺄ ﻓﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳎﻠﺴﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫‪346‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺘﻚ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺷﺮﺩ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺍ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻵﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﻛﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻇﻬﲑﺍﹰ ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﺗﺮ ﳎﻲﺀ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻮﺍ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﺭﺯﺍﻗﺎﹰ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺷﺮﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﹰ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺷﺒﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲝﺮ ﺃﴰﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻃﺎﻏﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﻭﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻐﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﺭﻛﺒﻪ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﲪﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻗﺎﺽ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰒ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﰎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺣﻨﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺩﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪347‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻏﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻏﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﰒ ﻏﺰﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﰒ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻏﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﻜﻲ ﰒ ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﻴﺪﻱ ﰒ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺴﻤﻌﺕ ﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻨﻴﺩ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻙ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺶ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻜﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﻲ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﰒ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺳﻼﻣﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻮﺍﻋﻖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻒ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﰒ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺃﻧﺴﻪ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳍﺰﳝﺔ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺃﻣﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﻨﻬﺐ ﻭﳑﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﲟﺎ ﺳﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﺘﻠﻭﺍ ﻗﺘﻠﻭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺎﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﻁﺭﺩﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺤﺎﺭﺒﻭﺍ ﺤﺭﺒﻭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻭﺍ ﻏﻠﺒﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﺫﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﺷﻴﺎﻃﻴﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪348‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺄﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﰒ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺣﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﺮﻭﺟﺔ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺗﺴﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻐﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻏﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻛﻮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺸﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻻﺟﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺮﺧﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻻﺟﲔ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻙ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺑﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺗﻪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺪﻓﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﻠﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺰ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻻﻥ ﻭﳎﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺼﻔﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺑﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺳﻲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫‪349‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﱯ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﻳﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻔﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﶈﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻛﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳉﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﶈﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻤﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺶ ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻫﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳍﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﺍﳉﺎﺷﻨﻜﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﲜﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺟﺪﺩﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺻﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺤﺞ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻢ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﺘﻮﺩﻳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻙ ﻋﺪﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻨﺼﺐ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﻔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻨﺠﺎ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﲬﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺸﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻙ ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺰﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﺄﺛﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﲟﺼﺮ ﰒ ﻧﻔﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺭﻛﻦ‬ ‫‪350‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﺍﳉﺎﺷﻨﻜﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻛﻴﺲ ﺃﻃﻠﺲ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻓﻘﺮﺉ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻣﺎﻷﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﱪﺱ ﻓﺮ ﰲ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺪﻭﻣﻪ ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻤﺸﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﺭﺴﻴﻪ ﻤﺜﻝ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻄﻞ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑ ﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺿﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺷﺬﺭ ﻣﺬﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻧﺎﺱ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﻜﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻧﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﺭﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺕ ﺳﻘﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺑﲏ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﺈﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺸﺄﻩ ﻗﻮﺻﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺯﻭﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺑﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﻭﻳﲏ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻗﺴﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪351‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺑﻨﻮﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻓﻀﺔ ﺯﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺴﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺎﺋﺤﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﺝ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﻧﻔﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﹰ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻓﻀﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﳜﻄﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺣﱴ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺪﺓ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﺹ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﳏﺒﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲟﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﲔ ﺍﳊﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻗﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻱ ﳏﺪﺙ ﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﱐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻎ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ ﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻮﱄ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻠﻜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﺴﻲ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻧﻮﻱ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫‪352‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﲪﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺷﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻌﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﳏﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﻭﻳﲏ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻇﻨﺎﹰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﺮﺁﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺎﱀ ﳍﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﻤﺎﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺫﺍﻝ ﻓﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻢ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﺹ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻓﻨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻭﲰﻮﻩ ﺑﺴﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻠﻘﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻇﻨﺎﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﳚﻴﺐ ﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺻﺎﺋﺤﺎﹰ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ‪‬ﺘﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﺴﻚ ﺃﻏﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺫﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺫﺍﻝ ﻭﻫﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﺫﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﳏﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺷﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺵ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﺋﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻵﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺀﺓ ﻭﻳﺜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺳﻠﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻮﰲ ﺃﲦﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﲢﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﳝﻸ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻔﻪ ﻭﺳﺤﺖ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪353‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﺓ ﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻀﻄﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﺋﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﲟﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﺸﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﻧﺴﺦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺣﻞ ﲟﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼ ﺫﺭﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺧﻼ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﻳﺐ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺃﻏﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻗﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺻﻔﺎﻩ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻥ ﺣﺼﺤﺺ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﺰﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻡ ﺑﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻦ ﻭﺷﺤﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ؟ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﻯ ﺭﻋﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﻗﻀﺖ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻀﺎﺟﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻭﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻮﺳﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺴﺪ ﻭﺍﳍﺮ‬ ‫ﳛﻜﻲ ﺍﺗﻨﻔﺎﺧﺎﹰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﻌﺾ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﻦ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﻮﺹ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﱄ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﳎﻠﺴﺎﹰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺷﺮﻋﺎﹰ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‬ ‫ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﻮﺹ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﺪ ﻻﹰ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺋﱯ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫‪354‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺟﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﻭﻏﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻯ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻘﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺼﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺭﺳﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻤﺴﺖ ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﲟﺒﺎﻫﺞ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭﲨﻊ ﴰﻞ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﺎﻝ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﻋﺬﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺭﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺓ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺁﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﺒﺤﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻃﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ "ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻧﻚ ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ" "ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ "10 :‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ" ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﺭﺿﻰ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﳛﻮﻡ ﺑﺴﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺃﻧﺒﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﳝﻨﺢ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﳍﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺗﺘﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﻟﺰﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻔﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻣﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺎﻭﻉ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﻬﻠﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻊ ﷲ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻉ ﻭﺑﺬﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ ﲤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺑﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﻉ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﺍﳋ ﺼﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮﻥ "ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ" "ﺍﻻﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪ "43 :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﻞ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﻞ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻭﻻﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﲪﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﻑ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﺧﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﲣﻔﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺄﺯﻣﲔ ﺃﻋﻼﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﲟﲎ ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﻭﺗﺆﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫‪355‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﻐﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻋﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﺬ ﻋﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﺟﺎﺯﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺻﺮﳛﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﳛﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻓﻴﺠﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﻨﺤﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﳚﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﺨﻄﺊ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﳏﺪﺙ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﱘ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻼﺡ ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺍﺷﻖ ﺑﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻃﺎﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺿﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺼﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﻉ ﺑﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﲜﻨﺎﺡ ﻭﻻ ﳐﺎﻟﻂ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﻻ ﲨﻊ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺯﺍﺀ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻠﻮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﺛﻮﺍﺅﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴﺮ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﻠﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺮﺏ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﺑﻞ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﻧﺎﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻠﺠﺞ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻠﻲ ﺻﻬﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﳒﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻈﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﱴ ﺁﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻏﺾ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﺎﹰ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻣﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺜﻮﺍﻩ ﻭﻋﻮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﺰﻛﻲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺁﺛﺮﻩ ﺑﻘﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻬﺪ ﳉﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺭﻓﻴﻘﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻟﻴﻮﻣﻪ ﻟﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﳐﻠﻔﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺣﺒﺖ ﻭﲡﺰﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﲟﺎ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﻭﺗﻨﺒﺄ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺩﺧﺮﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﻡ ﺳﻌﲑ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﱪ ﻭﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪﻱ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺁﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺪﻩ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻗﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻃﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ؟ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳓﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻷﻃﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺙ ﺃﺟﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪356‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﻟﺼﻠﺒﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰ ﳌﺎ ﺯﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﲟﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﲔ ﻭﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﻊ ﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺰﻩ ﻋﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺮﻩ ﻋﺎﺫﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﻰ ﺻﻬﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﺒﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻃﻮﻕ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺒﺖ ﲢﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺐ ﲜﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺫﻗﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺍﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺫ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﳑﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺪﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﺪﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﺳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﻲ ﺃﺳﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺧﻼ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﺴﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻧﱯ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻧﱯ ﻳﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻼ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺒﺄ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﲟﻦ ﲣﻠﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻒ ﻭﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﳝﲔ ﳝﺪ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺛﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﻠﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺣﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺃﰎ ﺃﳝﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﺟﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺗﺬﻣﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻛﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫‪357‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻳﺘﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﰎ ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ﲤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﺪﻕ ﻏﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺰﻥ ﻭﻭﻫﺐ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰒ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﰲ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ ﻳﻀﻌﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ ﲪﺪﻩ ﰒ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻫﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺈﻣﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺪﺃﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﳑﺎﻟﻜﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺃﺿﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﳓﻤﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﰒ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻜﺜﲑ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺼﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﲑ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺒﻴﺐ ﻷﻧﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻘﺎﻳﺲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻃﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻏﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﻗﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﲝﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻛﺴﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳉﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﱐ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﲪﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺨﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﱳ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺨﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﻛﻞ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﻮﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻳﻨﻔﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻞ ﺍﳍﺪﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﳝﺪ ﻇﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﰲ ﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﺪﱘ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻬﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻬﺎﺝ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻐﺺ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻭ ﺑﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻃﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﻏﺼﺒﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﻭﺱ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲏ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻭﱄ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﻠﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻛﻨﻒ ﻇﻼﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻻﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﲝﺮﺍﹰ ﺳﻬﻼﹰ‬ ‫‪358‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻭﻋﺮﺍﹰ ﺷﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﻏﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﻘﲑ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺻﻐﲑ ﻭﻛﺒﲑ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﳑﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﱪﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺷﻬﲑ ﻭﺭﻣﺢ ﻇﻬﲑ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺍﻧﻖ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻖ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺗﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺯﻕ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻡ ﻭﺣﻖ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺎﰊ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﳛﺎﰊ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﺑﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﺪﺍﺟﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﹰ ﺷﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﳚﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺪﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺘﺆﻭﻝ ﺇ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺤﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﻔﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺬ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﲰﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﺴﲑ ﺑﺈﻻﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻮﺷﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﲰﻊ ﺃﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﻳﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻭﺳﻴﻔﺮﻍ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﺒﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﱎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﻕ ﺷﺠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻗﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺗﻌﻆ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﻄﺤﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻭﳛﻴﺎ ﲝﺪﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻗﻔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻠﻘﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺏ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳒﻴﺐ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﺩﺣﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻰ ﺟﺒﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﲡﺮ ﺃﺫﻳﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻻ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻔﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﲟﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺰﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻓﺎﻗﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﺪﻛﻢ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﳝﺴﻚ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﻨﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪359‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﲔ ﻭﺳﺪﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﳚﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪﻳﻦ ﲝﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﱘ ﺳﻨﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﱘ ﺳﻨﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻜﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﲟﺄﻣﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﻠﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺧﻠﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺪ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻏﻔﺖ ﺑﻮﺍﺭﻗﻪ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺳﻠﺖ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻼﻡ ﻭﺳﻴﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﺭﲡﺎﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻯ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﱄ ﻏﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺬﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﲝﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻦ ﻇﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺘﻼﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻚ ﺇﻏﻼﻻﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺻﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻚ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﲢﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺻﻘﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﳛﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺘﺨﺮﻕ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺃﻛﻨﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺑﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻳﺘﻔﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﲟﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﺴﻬﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺫﺍﺋﺐ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻜﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﺍﺑﺾ ﻭﺭﻣﺎﺡ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺩﻭﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺧﻮﺍﺿﺐ ﻭﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻲ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻦ ﺣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺗﺰﳎﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺯﳎﺮﺓ ﻣﻐﺎﺿﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻃﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻜﻢ ﻭﺩﻣﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿﻜﻢ ﰲ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮ ﻭﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻏﲏ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻒ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺭﻗﻪ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻟﺰﻡ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﰱ ﲟﺎ ﻋﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺴﻴﺆﺗﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﲟﺎ ﲢﻤﺪ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪360‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺠﻮﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻴﺬ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳘﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺪﻩ ﳌﺎ ﳛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﳝﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﻬﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳜﺘﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺁﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﷲ ﳝﺘﻊ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﲟﺎ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﻭﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻳﻮﺭﺛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎﺀ ﻗﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻭﺩﻯ ﻣﻬﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺭ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﰒ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻤﻮﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﳎﺎﺯﺍﺓ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﺫﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻛﺠﻚ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﱀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺣﺎﺝ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻈﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﻪ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺨﻮ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻲ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻻﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎﹰ ﳏﺒﺎﹰ ﻷﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺖ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺗﻘﺎﹰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺭ ﺛﺪﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺇﺻﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﻧﺜﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﻠﻮﺱ ﺟﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﺎﹰ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻃﻞ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺨﻮ ﻭﺻﺮﻏﺘﻤﺶ ﻷﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻤﺮﺍﺩﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺛﻠﺜﺎ ﺭﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﻭﱄ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺎﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﲬﺴﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲟﺎ ﲣﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻘﺐ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺫﻛﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺙ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﲪﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫‪362‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﲔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺪﺩﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻭﱄ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻓﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻴﺰﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﲑ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻭﺍ ﻷﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﻫﻬﻡ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺨﻀﺭ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻏﻴﺔ ﲤﺮﻟﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﻌﺜﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺷﻌﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻓﻌﻠﻭﺍ ﻓﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺘﻤﺭﻟﻨﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻁﺎﺌﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﻕ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺸﺄﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﻳﺴﺮﻕ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﰒ ﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺮﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻳﺘﺮﻗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﲤﺮﻟﻨﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﻳﻌﲏ ﲝﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺋﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺗﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺎﺭﺋﺎﹰ ﰒ ﺃﺷﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻏﻼ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺨﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﺮ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻓﺴﻠﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻇﻔﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺨﻨﻘﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﺳﻔﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺴﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪363‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺃﻳﺒﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻢ ﲞﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺹ ﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺣﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺷﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﻋﺒﺚ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻭﺣﲔ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺚ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺧﱰﻳﺮ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳏﻀﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻕ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﻛﺴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻗﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﺃﺧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﱄ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑﺓ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻓﻨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﳐﻠﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﶈﺘﺴﺐ ﳒﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻨﺒﺬﻱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﻗﻮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪364‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺨﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮﺝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﶈﺐ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﲏ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺘﺎﱐ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻎ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﻳﱪﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﺎﺯﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﳐﻠﻮﻋﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺗﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺠﻌﺕ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬

‫ﻟﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺘﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺎ ﺤﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﺭﺍﺱ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺩﻭﻡ ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﻡ ﺃﻤﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺏ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻔﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻁﺎﻑ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﻝ ﻴﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﺼﺩ ﻤﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻓﺭﻉ ﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﺒﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺏ ﻭﻁﻬﺭﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻐﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺃﺴﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻀﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻏﻰ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺨﻠﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﻤﺠﻠﺴﻬﻡ ﻜﻅﺒﻲ ﻜﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻤﺜﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﻨﻭﺭﻩ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻟﺒﺩﺭ ﺃﺸﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻼﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻜﻔﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺁﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﻠﻡ ﻴﻀﻲﺀ ﺇﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺒﺸﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻭﻟﻸﺠﻼﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﻟﻤﻌﺯ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﻀﻭﺍ ﺒﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻘﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﺭﻙ ﺜﺄﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺸﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻯ ﺼﺭﻋﻰ ﺒﻤﻌﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻓﺎﷲ ﻴﺤﺭﺴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻭﺍﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺇﻤﺎﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺠﻼﻟﻪ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬

‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻁﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻟﻭﻻ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪366‬‬

‫ﺯﺍﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﺕ ﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺱ‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻜﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺨﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﻔﺅﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺭﻁ ﺸﻤﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻁﺎﻋﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺃﺫﻋﻨﺕ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻴﻝ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺅﺱ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺭ ﺒﻪ ﻟﻭﻻﻩ ﻜﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺯﺍﻝ ﻅﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻡ ﻜﻝ ﻤﻌﻤﻡ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺎﺫﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ ﻀﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻜﻡ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﷲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻓﻜﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻀﻠﻭﻋﻪ‬

‫ﻜﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻸﺭﻤﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻜﻡ ﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺱ‬

‫ﻤﻨﻜﺭﺍﹰ ﺒﻨﻰ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻐﺩﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺒﻨﻴﺕ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻜﻝ ﺍﻤﺭﺉ ﻴﻨﺴﻰ ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺭ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻤﻠﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺃﺨﺫﻭﻩ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻔﻠﺘﻪ ﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﺒﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺒﺸﺭﺕ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺤﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺘﻨﻜﺭﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺠﻬﺩﻩ ﺭﺠﻌﺘﻪ ﺒﺈﻓﻼﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﻏﺭﺏ ﻜﺎﻟﻌﺫﻴﺏ ﻭﻓﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺒﻨﻭ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻟﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﻨﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺘﻰ ﺃﺸﺞ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﺸﺭﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻝ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻭﻻﻱ ﻋﺒﺩﻙ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻟﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭﻝ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻟﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺒﺔ ﻁﻭﻟﺕ ﺃﻤﺩﺍﺤﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺴﻁﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻓﺄﺩﻡ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺯﻙ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻕ ﻤﺤﺭﻭﺴﺎﹰ ﺒﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺢ ﻟﺨﺎﺩﻡ‬

‫ﻟﻭﻻﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﻭﻡ ﻴﻘﺎﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺯﻤﺯﻡ ﺤﺎﺩﻴ ﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺴﻌﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﻗﺒﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﻤﺴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﻔﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺩﺍﺤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻝ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻄﺒﻞ ﻭﻓﻮﺽ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺗﺪﺑﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻄﺒﻞ ﻓﺄﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﰒ ﻳﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﻭﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻓﻴﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺷﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻗﻴﻊ ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﺣﺶ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺿﺎﻕ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻠﻘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻮﺽ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﲞﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺣﺼﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﻓﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﺄﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻘﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻃﻄﺮ ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻜﲎ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ ﻭﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮﻱ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺪ ﳓﻮﻱ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻒ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﶈﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻛﺰﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﳏﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪368‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﻄﺮ ﰒ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻃﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺒﺎﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻭﺛﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺒﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﺨﻠﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺟﻘﻤﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻘﻤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻧﺒﻴﻼﹰ ﺫﻛﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻄﻨﺎﹰ ﳚﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻼﺀ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲰﺤﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺴﺔ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻳﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪﻩ ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﻴﺐ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﺐ ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻬﺪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳐﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻓﻘﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﺒﻠﺒﻴﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻮﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﲔ ﻭﻋﻨﻘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﻠﺴﻠﱵ ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻓﺮﺝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﻧﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﺵ ﺳﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺫﺑﺢ ﲨﻞ ﺑﻐﺰﺓ ﻓﺄﺿﺎﺀ ﳊﻤﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﻭﺭﻣﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﻏﺮﻕ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻭﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﻓﺮﺝ‬ ‫‪369‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻔﻪ ﻭﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻗﺮﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻘﺮﱐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ ﺃﺑﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻏﻲ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﳏﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻇﻬﲑﺓ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻧﻮﻏﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻷﻗﻔﻬﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺠﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻣﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﳊﺼﲏ ﺷﺎﺭﺡ ﺃﰊ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺘﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﱪﻣﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻄﻨﻮﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺍﰲ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺸﻴﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻬﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻱ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪﻱ ﳓﻮﻱ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻁ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﲑﻱ ﺍﶈﺪﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺯﺭﻭﱐ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺣﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﲪﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻣﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﻱ ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﱯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﱯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪370‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻧﺼﺒﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺍﹰ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺎﹰ ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﻮﺣﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺧﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﺍﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﱪ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﻃﻮﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ ﳑﻦ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﳘﻼﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﳌﺸﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﺼﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻀﻮﻧﻪ ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﺫﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻌﻪ ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺴﺠﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺳﻄﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮﻻﹰ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﺰﻻﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﻴﻊ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻧﻨﺸﺄ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﺧﲑ ﺁﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺳﻠﺦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﲪﻞ ﻧﻌﺸﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﺎﰐ ﻭﺷﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﻤﺎﹰ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺎﹰ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺃ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﱪﻭﺕ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﺧﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺟﻘﻤﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻤﻜﺚ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻧﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﰒ ﻭﺛﺐ ﺇﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪371‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﻠﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﻠﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﲔ ﺧﻠﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﺸﻨﺪﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺇﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﰒ ﻭﺛﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺑﻠﺒﺎﻱ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﲤﺮﺑﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻮﺛﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻠﺪ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻳﺘﺒﺎﻱ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺻﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻼﻭﻭﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻑ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻝ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﲤﻬﻠﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺷﺎﻏﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﲟﺎﻝ ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺧﺸﻘﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﰎ ﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺣﲔ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻗﺪﻭﻣﻪ ﺑﻄﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺷﺮﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲤﺮﺿﻪ ﳓﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﰿ ﻭﺻﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ‬ ‫‪372‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺟﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺝ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﲞﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺸﺎﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﴰﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﲔ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰒ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﰒ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻗﺎﻳﺘﺒﺎﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺮﺭ ﲟﺪﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻧﺸﺄﻫﺎ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺷﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﻭﺻﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺞ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻟﻘﺪﻭﻣﻪ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﺸﺒﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺸﺎﻃﻲ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺩ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺸﺎﻃﻲ ﲟﺼﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﳊﻈﺔ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ ﰒ ﺳﻜﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﷲ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﻮﻱ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﲝﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﳑﺎ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﺞ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪373‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﲏ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﳋﱪ ﲟﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺘﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺌﺬﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻬﻮﻻﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺳﻠﺦ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺫﻳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻓﻄﺎﻟﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﱄ ﺳﺒﻊ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﱪﺩ ﳎﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﱄ ﺛﻌﻠﺐ ﳎﻠﺪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﻣﲔ ﺃﺭﺟﻮﺯﺓ ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻓﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺘﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺤﻤﺩﺍﹰ ﻻ ﻨﻔﺎﺩ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺴﺎﺩﺕ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ ﺭﺴﻭﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺒﻌﺜﻪ‬

‫ﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻀﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻭﺍ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺠﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻁﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻤﺠﺘﻬﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻑ‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻘﺎﹰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻋﻭﺍﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺎ ﻤﺼﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﻫﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻏﻴﺒﻭﺍ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺭﺽ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻗﻴﻝ ﻭﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻭﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻓﺘﻭﺡ ﺠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻡ‬

‫ﻴﺩﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺫﻴﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺒﻪ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺠﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺼﺤﺏ ﺸﺭﻁﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺤﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻰ ﺃﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺜﻡ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺍﻩ ﻗﺩ ﺨﺴﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻁ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺜﻡ ﺃﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻭ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺒﻐﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻏﻰ ﺯﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻟﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺫﻱ ﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺎﻴﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺃﺨﺒﺙ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻟﺩﺍﹰ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﻗﺒﻝ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻻﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺴﺕ ﺘﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻀﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﺎﻨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻜﺴﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺒﺎﺝ ﻤﺅﺘﺠﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻏﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﻰ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻟﺤﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﻱ ﺨﻭﻑ ﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻭﺘﻼ‬ ‫‪375‬‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﺒﻼ ﻀﻴﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻀﺭﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺴﻁﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻤﻀﻰ‬

‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺴﺕ ﺸﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺜﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻠﻊ ﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺘﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﺠﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺜﻡ ﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺠﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﺭﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺨﺹ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻻ ﻤﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻤﺭﻫﻡ ﺩﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻤﻭﺘﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻴﻊ ﺫﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﻗﺘﻝ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺘﺼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻝ ﺍﻷﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺜﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻋﺒﺎﹰ‬

‫ﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﻫﻡ ﺠﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺸﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻏﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺯﻜﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻑ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺫ ﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺴﺒﻊ ﻴﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻭﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻗﺘﻼ ﺤﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺩ ﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﻏﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻠﻊ ﻭﻗﺘﻝ ﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺯﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﻜﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻨﺱ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻗﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺭ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺤﻘﺎﹰ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻔﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺫﻱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺤﺠﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪376‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺴﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﺸﺘﻬﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻭﻜﻭﻻ ﺒﻪ ﻗﻬﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻀﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺴﻊ ﻤﻀﺕ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻭﺍﻝ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﺨﻠﻌﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺏ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ﺃﺠﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻲ ﻭﻤﻀﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻠﻊ ﻤﻨﺴﻤﻼ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻭﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻜﻔﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻗﻔﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻲ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﻊ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﻌﻪ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻀﺕ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺴﻁﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺩﻱ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻊ ﺒﺄﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﺭﺸﺩ ﻭﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ ﺍﺒﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﻠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻝ ﺤﻝ ﻋﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻼ ﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻨﻘﺎﺩﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺸﻌﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺒﺄﻤﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺒﻬﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﻫﻡ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻌﺎﹰ ﺸﻬﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﻗﻠﻝ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻗﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﻡ ﻴﺭﺜﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻌﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﺼﻡ ﻭﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﺭﺩﻭﻩ ﻭﺒﻠﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪377‬‬

‫ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻘﺘﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭ ﻤﻘﺘﺩﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺴﺕ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻌﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻤﺭﺕ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻭﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﺍ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭ ﻭﺜﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺴﺕ ﺸﻬﻭﺭ ﺜﻡ ﺭﺍﺡ ﻟﺩﻯ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺘﻼ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻝ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻁﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺤﺎﻜﻤﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻻ ﻜﻤﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻏﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﺒﻊ ﻤﺌﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﻜﻔﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﺠﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺜﻘﻬﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﺜﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺨﻠﻌﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻜﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻀﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻜﻝ ﻴﺘﻠﻭﻩ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﺎﻴﻌﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﺜﻘﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﷲ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻭﺴﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﺎﻴﻌﻭﺍ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻤﻌﺘﺼﻤﺎﹰ‬

‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﺯﻴﻝ ﻭﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻜﻝ ﺭﺩﻭﻩ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩﻩ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻤﺒﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺁﻝ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺨﻠﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﺘﻀﺩ‬

‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ ﺤﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺭﻜﺕ ﺨﻀﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺱ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻀﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻜﻔﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺘﺴﻊ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻊ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺠﺩ ﺩﻫﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻘﻴﻘﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﻤﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺍ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪378‬‬

‫ﻨﺼﻑ ﻭﺩﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺸﻐﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺫﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺱ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺃﺨﻭﺓ ﺒﻝ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻼ ﺍﻟﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻘﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﻼ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺃﺥ ﻋﻡ ﺨﻼ ﻨﻔﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺍﺸﺩ ﻭﻜﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻘﺘﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﺭﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺨﺫ‬

‫ﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﻘﺹ ﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ﺴﺒﻊ ﻜﺎﻟﻨﺠﻭﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺃﻋﺩ ﺃﺒﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﻓﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺸﺎﻤﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻡ ﻜﻲ ﻴﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﻠﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻍ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ ﻻ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻟﻬﻡ ﻨﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﻤﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺩ‬

‫ﻗﻀﻰ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻡ ﻤﻥ‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺒﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺃﺨﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺴﻡ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺴﺒﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﷲ ﻴﺒﻘﻴﻪ ﺫﺍ ﻋﺯ ﻭﻴﺤﻔﻅﻪ‬

‫ﺒﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻜﻝ ﻜﺎﻟﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺴﻭﺍﻩ ﻓﺎﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺒﻪ ﺯﻤﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺴﻊ ﻤﺌﻲ‬

‫ﺴﻠﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻬﺩ ﻟﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻨﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﻗﺩ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺏ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺴﻜﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺨﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺴﺎﻩ ﺃ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺯ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﱪﻭﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪379‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺣﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﺄﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻭﻫﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﲑ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﹰ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺤﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﰒ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻭﻫﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺳﺠﻦ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﲟﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬

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‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻧﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻹﻋﺰﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻻ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻃﻔﻞ ﻟﻪ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻘﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﲟﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎﹰ ﻻ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﰒ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﻭﳍﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰒ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺣﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺵ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 304‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰒ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 345‬ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﻭﻳﲏ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺣﺮﻭﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﺩ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻉ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻄﻲ ﻭﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﳌﺎ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻭﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺛﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺫﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﺎﺽ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻓﺘﻨﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﻠﺒﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻓﺴﺎﺩﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﺘﻼ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻻ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪382‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲝﺎﺭﺍﹰ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﲤﺮﻟﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺼﻐﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﲜﺎﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﲔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ‪4 ..................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪4 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ‪6 .....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ‪6 ...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪6 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪6 ...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ‪8 .................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﺓ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪9 .......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ‪9 .................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﺓ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪9 ...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ‪13 ..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪13 .....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ‪13 .........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ‪14 ...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ ‪14 .........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺃﻓﻴﺪ ‪14 .........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ‪15 ...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪18 ......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ‪19 ................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻨﺸﺌﻪ ‪21 ............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪21 ................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻋﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ‪21 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ‪22 .....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪22 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ‪22 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪22 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ‪24 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪25 ...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪25 ...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪26 ...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪26 ........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺎﻫﻢ ‪28 .....................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪31 .................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺣﻪ ‪33 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ‪33 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪35 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪35 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪37 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪37 ...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﰲ ‪41 ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪41 ...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ‪43 ............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ‪43 ............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪43 .............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪47 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪47 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ‪51 .........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪54 ...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪55 ...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ ‪57 ..................................................................‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪57 .................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ‪61 ..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪68 ...................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪69 ......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﻗﻮﻻ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ‪69 ...............................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺧﻮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ ‪75 ..................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ‪76 ...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪78 ......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪78 ..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ‪79 ...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ‪83 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪83 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪84 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪84 .................................................... .‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪86 ............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪88 ............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪88 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ‪90 ...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪90 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺗﻪ ‪92 .............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ‪94 .....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪94 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ‪95 ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪95 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪99 ..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪99 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻩ ‪99 ..................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‪106..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪106...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ‪107.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪107........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪109...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪109......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ‪111..................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪111.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪119..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪119.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ‪119....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪119.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪120...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ‪121...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪125................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪127.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪127.................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰﺓ ‪133................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ ‪133.................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ‪135...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪135.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪135........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ‪140................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪140........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻩ ‪143..........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬

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‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪147...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ‪151......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪152...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ‪154................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪160................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪162..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ‪164.................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪164........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ‪176..................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ‪177......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪178.................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪180.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪182...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ‪183....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ‪184........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪185.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪187..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪196...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪196.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ‪202.................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪205............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪210........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪215............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪241.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪242........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ‪246...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪388‬‬

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‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ‪250..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ‪258..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪259.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪260............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪261......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﷲ ‪262.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪264.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ‪268....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪274...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ‪276..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪281.............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪284.............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻲ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ‪286................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ‪289...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻊ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ‪289................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻊ ﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪295...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪298..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ‪302............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪306.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪309...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ ‪312..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ‪316...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪317.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻈﻔﺮ ‪320............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪322..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪325...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪389‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ‪332............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ‪333............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪336.............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎﹰ ‪338...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪345..................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪346.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ‪350............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪353..................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪354.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ‪362..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪362.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪365.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ ‪365..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ‪365............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ‪368..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ‪370............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ‪371............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﻦ ‪372............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ ‪372...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ‪379..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ‪380.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﻴﺔ‪381..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪382..........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪to pdf: http://www.al- mostafa.com‬‬

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