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A ST UD Y O N H Y B R I D A N I M AT I O N ’ S VISUAL OUTCOME
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, the researcher would like to express her sincere gratitude towards her module lecturer, Dr. Noorhayati for providing her invaluable guidance and suggestions throughout the course of 14 weeks with much patience. She is immensely thankful for the constructive criticism and feedback that was given that greatly helped her dissertation. Secondly, the researcher would also like to extend her deepest thanks to all her friends and course mates that have played a vital role in giving help and supporting her throughout the course of completing this dissertation. Not to forget she is incredibly grateful as well to have her cat, Daisy, who has been the greatest companion anyone could ever ask for. Lastly, she would like to thank her parents for the endless support and motivation given. Their words of encouragement have remarkably helped push the researcher to complete this dissertation.
ABSTRACT
Due to the technological advancements that exist in our modern era, there are numerous softwares and systems being developed to produce a specific art style of an animation. Throughout the years since the first animation created in 1908 which is in traditional hand-drawn style, the list of animation genres is becoming more and more diverse, bringing in new approaches that could significantly manipulate the visual outcome of the characters, environment, objects and various more. The subject of animation usually focuses on the storyline such as the plot, and most audiences believe that this is the most vital part of a successful animation. While that may be true, what many tend to ignore is the impact of the art style and visual appeal that exists in animation. In this research, the researcher will be exploring and learning whether combining 2D and 3D animation will create a visually appealing outcome. Additionally, to further explore and analyze the methods and processes of combining the two mediums. The researcher will also touch on the softwares and systems used to achieve either 2D or 3D style animation. Findings from the researcher’s methodologies will be discussed throughout the dissertation in detail.
CONTE
01 02 03
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research theme 1.2 Research Topic 1.3 Research Problem 1.4 Research Objectives 1.5 Research Questions 1.6 Problem Statement LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Combination of 2D and 3D animation’s visual outcome 2.2 Methods and process of combining 2D and 3D animation 2.2.1 Matching 3D elements with 2D elements 2.3 Systems or tools used to achieve 2D or 3D style animation 2.3.1 Different styles of animation achieved by using a software RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design and Methodology 3.1.1 Pros and Cons of a Questionnaire 3.1.2 Pros and Cons of Visual Analysis 3.1.3 Pros and Cons of an Online Interview 3.2 Participant 3.3 Sampling 3.3.1 Quantitative Method: Questionnaire 3.3.2 Qualitative Method: Visual Analysis 3.3.3 Qualitative Method: Expert Interview 3.4 Instrumentation 3.4.2 Qualitative Method: Visual Analysis 3.4.3 Qualitative Method: Expert Interview 3.5 Data Collection and Analysis 3.5.1 Quantitative Method: Questionnaire 3.5.2 Qualitative Method: Visual Analysis 3.5.3 Qualitative Method: Expert Interview
ENTS
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05
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Quantitative Method: Questionnaire 4.1.1 Demographic 4.1.2 Participants’ background 4.1.3 Visual appeal of an art style 4.1.4 Hybrid Animation’s Visual Appeal 4.2 Qualitative Method: Visual Analysis 4.2.1 Visual Observation 4.2.1.1 2D Animation 4.2.1.2 3D Animation 4.2.1.3 Hybrid Animation 4.3 Data Analysis 4.3.1 Similarities and Differences Between Participants 4.3.1.1 2D Animation - Anastasia (1997) 4.3.1.2 3D Animation - Toy Story 2 (1999) 4.3.1.3 Hybrid Animation - SpiderMan: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) 4.4 Qualitative Method: Expert Interview 4.4.1 Data Analysis of Expert Interview 4.4.1.1 Interviewee’s Opinion Hybrid Animation 4.4.1.2 Making An Animation Visually Appealing 4.4.1.3 Implementing the Technique of Combining 2D and 3D animation 4.3.1 Similarities and Differences Between Participants 4.4.1.4 The Success of An Animation DISCUSSION 5.1 The Visual Outcome of Combining 2D and 3D animation 5.2 The Process and Methods of Combining 2D and 3D animation 5.3 Software/systems or tools used to achieve 2D or 3D style animation 5.4 Limitations 5.5 Project Recommendations
CONT
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07
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CONCLUSION
PROJECT RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE LIST
TENTS
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PICTURE CREDITS
APPENDICES
01
INTRODUCTION
I
n hybrid animation, 2D and 3D animation arecombined to produce a particular visual outcome. The characters in the animation could be in two-dimensional while the environment could be in three-dimensional space. 2D elements such as lines might exist in a 3D setting as well. With the existence of hybrid animation, there is a way to include hand-drawn or computer generated elements in an animation. The result of the combination of 2D style and 3D could be stunning. Successful and popular animated films such as Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and the short animated film Paperman proves there is a high interest for 2D style in 3D animations (Kivistö, 2019). In terms of methods and techniques in achieving this type of animation, there are various approaches on how to implement the technique of combining two-dimensional and three-dimensional style together. The researcher aims to find out whether combining 2D and 3D animation will create a visually appealing outcome.
This dissertation aims to analyze and explore various aspects of hybrid animation as well as focusing on the methods and processes of it. The researcher chooses this specific topic within her specialisation of animation and visual effects as she firmly believes that the topic of hybrid animation is an interesting and unique topic in the animation field which is a field that she hopes to be a part of in the future of her career. With the lack of research done on this field by other professionals and students, she has decided to further study and explore this particular aspect. A research problem, questions and objectives have been raised to tackle this topic at hand. Journal articles will be critically evaluated in the literature review section, followed by a research methodology section based on a mixed-methods conducted by the researcher. The researcher will then present her findings in various data collection formats such as tables and diagrams which will be analyzed and discussed thoroughly and in depth. Results drawn from her research will be discussed in the discussion section and the study will end with a final conclusion.
01
INTRODUCTION
I
n hybrid animation, 2D and 3D animation arecombined to produce a particular visual outcome. The characters in the animation could be in two-dimensional while the environment could be in three-dimensional space. 2D elements such as lines might exist in a 3D setting as well. With the existence of hybrid animation, there is a way to include hand-drawn or computer generated elements in an animation. The result of the combination of 2D style and 3D could be stunning. Successful and popular animated films such as Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and the short animated film Paperman proves there is a high interest for 2D style in 3D animations (Kivistö, 2019). In terms of methods and techniques in achieving this type of animation, there are various approaches on how to implement the technique of combining two-dimensional and three-dimensional style together. The researcher aims to find out whether combining 2D and 3D animation will create a visually appealing outcome.
This dissertation aims to analyze and explore various aspects of hybrid animation as well as focusing on the methods and processes of it. The researcher chooses this specific topic within her specialisation of animation and visual effects as she firmly believes that the topic of hybrid animation is an interesting and unique topic in the animation field which is a field that she hopes to be a part of in the future of her career. With the lack of research done on this field by other professionals and students, she has decided to further study and explore this particular aspect. A research problem, questions and objectives have been raised to tackle this topic at hand. Journal articles will be critically evaluated in the literature review section, followed by a research methodology section based on a mixed-methods conducted by the researcher. The researcher will then present her findings in various data collection formats such as tables and diagrams which will be analyzed and discussed thoroughly and in depth. Results drawn from her research will be discussed in the discussion section and the study will end with a final conclusion.