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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Fourth International Agronomic Symposium “Agrosym 2013”

AGROSYM 2013

Jahorina, October 3 - 6, 2013

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Impressum Fourth International Scientific Symposium „Agrosym 2013“ Book of Abstracts Published by University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan Balkan Environmental Association, B.EN.A, Greece Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“ Serbia Biotehnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Balkan Scientific Association of Agricultural Economics, Serbia Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Editor in Chief Dusan Kovacevic

Tehnical editors Sinisa Berjan Milan Jugovic Mirjana Stojanovic Noureddin Driouech Rosanna Quagliariello

Website: http://www.agrosym.unssa.rs.ba CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна и универзитетска библиотека Републике Српске, Бања Лука 631(082) INTERNATIONAL Scientific Symposium "Agrosym 2013" (Jahorina) (IV) Book of Abstracts / Fourth International Agronomic Symposium "Agrosym 2013", Jahorina, October 3-6, 2013 ; [editor in chief Dušan Kovačević]. - East Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture, 2013. - 321 str. ; 25 cm Registar. ISBN 978-99955-751-2-0

1. Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo COBISS.BH-ID 3915544 2

Fourth International Agronomic Symposium “Agrosym 2013” Jahorina, October 3-6, 2013, Bosnia and Herzegovina HONORARY COMMITTEE STEVO MIRJANIC, Minister of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; JASMIN KOMIC, Minister of Science and Technology of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; GORAN MUTABDZIJA, Minister of Education and Culture of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; MITAR NOVAKOVIC, Rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MILICA PETROVIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; COSIMO LACIRIGNOLA, Director of the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; MARIO T. TABUCANON, President of the International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan; FOKIAON K. VOSNIAKOS, President of the Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A), Greece; BRANKO KOVACEVIC, President of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia; MILOSAV BABIC, Director of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia; NATALIJA PEROVIC, Dean of the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Podgorica; DRAGO CVIJANOVIC, Director of the Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia; ALEKSANDAR OSTOJIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia.

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE DUSAN KOVACEVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; WILLIAM MEYERS, Howard Cowden Professor of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Missouri, USA; JOHN BRAYDEN, Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute (NILF), Norway; STEVE QUARIE, Visiting Professor, School of Biology, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; THOMAS G. JOHNSON, University of Missouri – Columbia, USA; DIETER TRAUTZ, University of Applied Science, Germany; MACHITO MIHARA, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan; NATALIJA BOGDANOV, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; SABAHUDIN BAJRAMOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia; ELAZAR FALLIK, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani, Israel; JUNAID ALAM MEMON, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Pakistan; KHALED DJELOUAH, Integrated Pest Management Department, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute (IAMB), Italy; NICOLA LAMADDALENA, Head of the Land and Water Resources Department, IAMB, Italy; LINA AL BITAR, Coordinator of Education and training, Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Department, IAMB, Italy; HAMID EL BILALI, Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Department. IAMB, Italy; MATTEO VITTUARI, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bologna, Italy; MÁRTA BIRKÁS, full professor, St. Istvan University, Godollo – Hungary; UDAI PRATAP SINGH, Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, India; ANDRZEJ KOWALSKI, Director of the Institute for Agricultural and Food Economy, Warzawa-Poland; KOSANA KONSTATINOV, Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia; SNEZANA MLADENOVIC-DRINIC, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia; NEBOJSA MOMIROVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ZORAN JOVOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; DANIJEL JUG, associate professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia; VLADO KOVACEVIC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia; MILAN MARKOVIC, Department for Animal husbandry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro.

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE VESNA MILIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; DEJAN BOKONJIC, Vice rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; STEVAN TRBOJEVIC, Vice rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; PREDRAG PUDJA, Vice dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ZELJKO DOLIJANOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ROBERTO CAPONE, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; ROSANNA QUAGLIARIELLO, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; NOUREDDIN DRIOUECH, Coordinator of MAIB Alumni Network (FTN), Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; ALEKSANDRA DESPOTOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; GORAN PERKOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MIRJANA RADOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MILAN JUGOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; SINISA BERJAN, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, secretary

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PREFACE The main challenge for the modern food and agricultural sectors is to simultaneously provide enough food, in quantity and quality, to meet nutritional needs of a growing world population and to conserve the limited natural resources for present and future generations. FAO estimates that to meet the food demand of a growing and more affluent population, food production should increase by at least 60 percent by 2050. Changes for optimizing both food consumption and food production are important to move towards more sustainable food systems and to achieve food and nutrition security. Fostering the necessary changes implies designing and implementing appropriate policy instruments based on sound and accurate scientific knowledge. Closing the knowledge circle and making agricultural knowledge available for and accessible by all the relevant stakeholders is of utmost importance for achieving trasition towards sustainable food production and consumption. The International Scientific Symposium “Agrosym” is, since four years, an annual platform for international scientific discussion on agriculture, food, rural development and environment. Agrosym represents a good opportunity to exchange ideas, to strengthen existing and to create new academic networks, and to foster dialogue between the academia, public institutions, the private sector and civil society organizations on the recent global and regional trends in the agro-food sector. The fourth edition, Agrosym 2013, focuses on six thematic areas: plant production, plant protection and food safety, organic agriculture, environmental protection and natural resources management, animal husbandry, and rural development and agroeconomy. Agrosym 2013 has all the ingredients for a real success. Full papers submission exceeded any expectation. Overall, more than 300 contributions were submitted by scholars and practitioners from 38 countries (Albania, Algeria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Montenegro, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Slovakia, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Vietnam). We are so happy that we have been able to get such a broad participation of scientists, researchers, practitioners, students, policy makers, private sector actors, NGO representatives from three continents. This publication includes all accepted abstracts. We are convinced that this input will contribute to a more effective dissemination of fresh knowledge to academicians, practitioners and the wider audience about important issues regarding agriculture, food, environment and rural development. We would like to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to the invited speakers and to all participants. Moreover, we are very grateful to all people who have worked hard for organizing Agrosym 2013 and making it successful from any standpoint. Finally, we would like also to express our genuine gratitude to the sponsors for their valuable support. Academician Dusan Kovacevic President of the Scientific Committee

Prof. Vesna Milic President of the Organization Committee

Mr. Cosimo Lacirignola Director, MAIB Secretary General, CIHEAM

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CONTENTS KEYNOTE PAPERS............................................................................................. 32 NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING MAIZE BREEDING Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ, Milosav BABIĆ, Kosana KONSTANTINOV ............................................................................................................... 33 NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IRON CHLOROSIS Irena JUG, Danijel JUG, Vladimir VUKADINOVIĆ, Boris ĐURĐEVIĆ, Vesna VUKADINOVIĆ, Bojan STIPEŠEVIĆ, Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ............................................................................... 34 WHEN ECONOMICS MATTERS IN MEETING FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE: FOOD AFFORDABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Roberto CAPONE, Hamid EL BILALI, Philipp DEBS, Gianluigi CARDONE ............................. 35 THE IMPACT OF LAND USE ON SOIL EROSION IN THE RIVER BASIN BOLJANSKA RIJEKA IN MONTENEGRO Velibor SPALEVIC, Jan NYSSEN, Milic CUROVIC, Tom LENAERTS, Annelies KERCKHOF, Klaas ANNYS, Jeroen VAN DEN BRANDEN, Amaury FRANKL...................................................... 36

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PLANT PRODUCTION .............................................................................. 37

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS TO LIMING Ivica ĐALOVIĆ, Đorđe JOCKOVIĆ, Srđan ŠEREMEŠIĆ, Dragiša MILOŠEV, Goran DUGALIĆ . 38 IN SITU BREEDING FOR SOIL ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Sofija PETROVIĆ, Borislav BANJAC............................................... 39 THE STABILITY PROPERTIES OF WHEAT PRODUCTION ON ACID SOIL Vera ĐEKIC, Mirjana STALETIC, Miodrag JELIC, Vera POPOVIC, Snezana BRANKOVIC ....... 40 PRODUCTION OF ANNUAL CARAWAY IN SERBIA Milica ACIMOVIC, Snezana OLJACA, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Mico OLJACA ......................................................................................................................................... 41 THE EFFECT OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY ON YIELD STABILITY OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Milan STEVANOVIC, Zoran CAMDZIJA, Jovan PAVLOV, Milos CREVAR, Nikola GRCIC, Goran STANKOVIC, Snezana MLADENOVIC DRINIC ..................................................................... 42

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOYBEAN VARIETIES, RHIZOBIA INOCULATION AND SPAD-502 CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS IN WESTERN SIBERIA Insa KUEHLING, Bianka HUESING, Nina BOME, Dieter TRAUTZ......................................... 43 GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD STABILITY OF ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS IN DROUGHT CONDITIONS IN SERBIA Zoran CAMDZIJA, Jovan PAVLOV, Milan STEVANOVIC, Milos CREVAR, Nikola GRCIC, Snezana MLADENOVIC DRINIC, Milomir FILIPOVIC........................................................... 44 EFFECTS OF 1-METHYL-CYCLOPROPENE ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERRY FRUIT DURING STORAGE Boris PASALIC, Mirjana ZABIC, Borut BOSANCIC............................................................... 45 AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZATION AT DURUM WHEAT UNDER CONTRAST CLIMATE CONDITIONES Galia PANAYOTOVA, Svetla KOSTADINOVA, Mladen ALMALIEV ...................................... 46 PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM AVAILABILITY CHANGE BY LIMING OF ACID SOILS Krunoslav KARALIC, Zdenko LONCARIC, Brigita POPOVIC, Vladimir IVEZIC ....................... 47 THE EFFECT OF REGALIS CONCENTRATION ON THE SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR VARIETY PASSE CRASSANE Maxhun SHEHAJ, Petrit RAMAJ, Bari HODAJ .................................................................... 48 GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF WHEAT MEAN PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY AT DIVERSE LOCATIONS IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Mensur KAMBERI, Dane BOSHEV, Mirjana JANKULOVSKA, Sonja IVANOVSKA, Irfan AZEMOV, Xhezair IDRIZI, Ljupcho JANKULOSKI, Biljana KUZMANOVSKA ......................... 49 MORPHOLOGICAL SOMNIFERUM L.)

DIVERSITY OF

SOME

OPIUM

POPPY GENOTYPES (PAPAVER

Mirjana JANKULOVSKA, Sonja IVANOVSKA, Gjoshe STEFKOV, Jelena ACEVSKA, Dane BOSHEV, Ljupcho JANKULOSKI ......................................................................................... 50 THE PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS ON BLACK MAGIC TABLE GRAPE VARIETY, GROWING IN THE TIKVESˈS VINEYARD, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Violeta DIMOVSKA, Klime BELESKI, Krum BOSKOV, Violeta IVANOVA, Fidanka ILIEVA .... 51 INFLUENCE OF CROP SEQUENCE AND WEEDS ON MAIZE HEIGHT AND GRAIN YIELD Igor SPASOJEVIC, Milena SIMIC, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Milan BRANKOV.......................................................................................... 52

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EFFECTS OF FERTILISING MONOCULTURE

SYSTEMS

ON

MAIZE

PRODUCTION

IN

LONG-TERM

Milena SIMIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Milan BRANKOV, Zivota JOVANOVIC ........................................................................................................... 53 IMPACT OF LAETIPORUS SULPHUREUS (BULL. EX FR.) MURRILL ON DESTRUCTION OF OAK WOOD Miroslava MARKOVIC, Aleksandar LUCIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC ........................................ 54 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THREE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF A PEAR BORDER Snezana MATIC-KEKIC, Nebojsa DEDOVIC ........................................................................ 55 GENETIC VARIATION OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS IN GRAIN OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Snezana MLADENOVIC-DRINIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Milomir FILIPOVIC, Milovan STOJILJKOVIC , Zoran CAMDZIJA, Domagoj SIMIC, Dragan KOVACEVIC ............................ 56 SPIKE TRAITS VARIABILITY IN WHEAT GROWN ON SOLONETZ AND HUMOGLEY Sofija PETROVIC, Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIC, Borislav BANJAC............................................... 57 OLIVE MULTIPLICATION IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF MERISTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT Hairi ISMAILI, Belul GIXHARI, Hajdar KUÇI........................................................................ 58 EFFECT OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON GRAIN YIELD IN SOME GENOTYPES OF BUCKWHEAT Vesna MILIC, Branka GOVEDARICA, Milana SILJ, Sinisa BERJAN, Zoran JOVOVIC.............. 59 EVALUATION OF FRENCH APRICOT CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE Dragan MILATOVIC, Dejan ĐUROVIC, Gordan ZEC............................................................ 60 EFFECTS OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON MAIZE INBRED LINES Milan BRANKOV, Milena SIMIC, Sava VRBNICANIN, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC ......................................................................................................................................... 61 CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL MEADOWS AND PASTURES IN PEŠTER Desimir KNEZEVIC, Sretenka MARKOVIC, Dimitrije MARKOVIC, Slaven PRODANOVIC, Savo VUCKOVIC ........................................................................................................................ 62 WEED SPECIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC SWEET CHERRY PRODUCTION IN ISPARTA (EGIRDIR) PROVINCE

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M. Selçuk BAŞARAN, Ayşe ÖZDEM ................................................................................... 63 COMPOSTED POSIDONIA, CHICKEN MANURE AND OLIVE MILL RESIDUES, AN ALTERNATIVE TO PEAT AS SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWING MEDIA IN TUNISIAN NURSERY? Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA, Hassiba FREJ, Cherif HANACHI ...................................... 64 EFFECT OF ACID SOILS FERTILIZATION ON MORFOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRITICALE Milan BIBERDZIC, Miodrag JELIC, Goran MAKSIMOVIC, Saša BARAC, Svetomir STAMENKOVIC, Dragana LALEVIC..................................................................................... 65 GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TRITICALE ON AN ACID SOIL DEPENDING ON MINERAL FERTILISATION AND LIMING Milomirka MADIC, Dragan ĐUROVIC, Goran MARKOVIC, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC, Miodrag JELIC, Desimir KNEZEVIC ................................................................................................... 66 THE EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE OF THE MAIZE HYBRIDS Nikollaq BARDHI, SOTA, Agim RAMETA, Qatip DODA, Nefruz ÇELIKU, Dilaman NELAJ ..... 67 PRODUCTION AND BIO-ACTIVE POTENTIAL OF OLD TOMATO CULTIVARS ORIGINATING FROM FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Josip COTA, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC, Milan ZDRAVKOVIC, Jelena COTA, Omer KURTOVIC, Dubravka REBAC .............................................................................................................. 68 YIELD AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TWO NEW ONION VARIETIES FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ,

Josip COTA Jelica GVOZDANOVIC-VARGA, Azra HADŽIC, Anamarija PETROVIC, Edita SARAIC, Aleksandra SAVIC, Jelena COTA .......................................................................... 69 POMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF „GALA“ APPLE CLONES IN THE REGION OF SARAJEVO Mirko KULINA, Boško GACESA, Mirjana STOJANOVIC, Zlatka ALIC– DŽANOVIC................ 70 FIRST RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL PROPAGATION OF WALNUT (J. REGIA L.) IN BULGARIA BY THE HOT CALLUS METHOD, USING HOT WATER INSTALLATION Stefan GANDEV ................................................................................................................ 71 PREDATORS OF ROSY APPLE APHYD, (DYSAPHIS PLANTAGINEA) PASS., (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN BULGARIAN APPLE ORCHARDS Veselin ARNAUDOV, Svilen RAIKOV, Rosica DAVIDOVA, Hristo HRISTOV......................... 72

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POSTHARVEST EVALUATION OF CUT "WHITE SIM" CARNATION FLOWERS Esmaeil CHAMANI, Leyla KESHAVARZI, Rahim GHADERI, Hassan Maleki LAJAYER ........... 73 THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT ELYMUS HISPIDUS ACCESSIONS IN DRYLAND REGIONS Mehrnaz RIASAT, Ali Ashraf JAFARI, Azizollah KAMALZADEH........................................... 74 THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON TOMATO LEAVES CHEMICAL CONTENT GROWN IN PROTECTED SPACES Marina Todor STOJANOVA, Svetla KOSTADINOVA, I. IVANOVSKI, Srebra I. POPOVA ....... 75 A STUDY OF BASIL TYPES IN THE COASTAL PLAINS OF ALBANIA Nefrus ÇELIKU, Gjoshe STEFKOV, Svetlana KULEVANOVA , Nikollaq BARDHI, Zydi TEQJA, Qatip DODA, Dilaman NELAJ ............................................................................................ 76 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS ON SPELT GRAIN YIELD (TRITICUM AESTIVUM SSP SPELTA) Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ, Snežana OLJAČA, Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ, Snežana ĐORĐEVIĆ, Jovana BRDAR.............................................................................................................................. 77 INFLUENCE OF APPLIED AGRICULTURAL MEASURES ON THE SEEDLING QUALITY OF LETTUCE Gavro KALUĐEROVIC, Natasa MIRECKI............................................................................. 78 POLLEN GERMINATION OF SOME POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN MONTENEGRO Miroslav ČIZMOVIC, Ranko POPOVIC, Biljana LAZOVIC, Mirjana ADAKALIC, Ahmed DŽUBUR ........................................................................................................................... 79 SEED GERMINATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEEDLING GENOTYPES OF CORNEL FROM UPPER POLIMLJE REGION Vučeta JACIMOVIC, Đina BOZOVIC, Vladislav OGNJANOV................................................ 80 METHODOLOGY FOR ACIDITY CORRECTION OF DEFICIENT MUSTS BASED ON GRAPE MATURATION INDICES AS PART OF PRECISION OENOLOGY George A. COJOCARU, Arina Oana ANTOCE...................................................................... 81 THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT ON SEEDLINGS LETTUCE GROWING Elena Maria DRĂGHICI, Maria PELE, Dan IONESCU, Elena DOBRIN ................................... 82 SWEET CORN GROWING PERIOD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN WET YEAR

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Ferenc OROSZ .................................................................................................................. 83 USE OF VARIOUS YEAST STRAINS TO IMPROVE THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF CHARDONNAY WINES Oana Arina ANTOCE, Ioan NAMOLOSANU........................................................................ 84 SEED YIELD OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (LOTUS CORNICULATUS L.) CULTIVARS IN THE YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT Vladeta STEVOVIC, Đorđe LAZAREVIC, Dalibor TOMIC, Rade STANISAVLJEVIC, Dragan ĐUROVIC.......................................................................................................................... 85 MALFORMATIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) Dragan JANKOVIC, Slađana JANKOVIC, Zoran NIKOLIC, Gorica PAUNOVIC ....................... 86 PHENOLOGY AND YIELD OF NINE SOUR CHERRY CULTIVARS UNDER CENTRAL SERBIA CONDITIONS Dragan JANKOVIC, Slađana JANKOVIC, Zoran NIKOLIC, Gorica PAUNOVIC ....................... 87 MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SPELT WHEAT ON THE CHERNOZEM AND DEGRADED SOIL Djordje GLAMOCLIJA, Snezana JANKOVIC, Vera POPOVIC, Vladan UGRENOVIC, Nefreteta ZEKIC, Jela IKANOVIC, Sveto RAKIC................................................................................... 88 THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON FRUIT DOUBLING IN STONE FRUIT SPECIES Gordan ZEC, Dragan MILATOVIC, Dejan ĐUROVIC, Boban ĐORĐEVIC, Slavica COLIC ........ 89 EFFECT OF SHOOT HEADING DATE ON SYLLEPSIS AND SYLLEPTIC SHOOT TRAITS IN PLUM ČAČANSKA LEPOTICA Ivan GLISIC, Tomo MILOSEVIC, Evica MRATINIC, Gorica PAUNOVIC, Dragica VILOTIC....... 90 THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AZOTOBACTER, PSEUDOMONAS AND BACILLUSAPPLIED AS A MIXTURE INOCULUM IN RHIZOSPHERE OF FIVE MAIZE GENOTYPES ASSESSED BY GENOTYPING AND PHENOTYPING METHODS Ivica ĐALOVIC, Dragana JOSIC, Nastasija MRKOVACKI, Radmila PIVIC,Goran BEKAVAC, Bozana PURAR, Đorđe JOCKOVIC ..................................................................................... 91 COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF ZP MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS Jovan PAVLOV, Nenad DELIC, Milan STEVANOVIC, Zoran CAMDZIJA, Nikola GRCIC, Sofija BOZINOVIC, Milos CREVAR............................................................................................... 92

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THE INFLUENCE OF MANY YEARS LIMING AND FERTILIZING TO CHANGING OF ADSORPTIVE COMPLEX COMPOSITION OF PSEUDOGLEY SOIL Miodrag JELIC, Goran DUGALIC, Olivera NIKOLIC ............................................................. 93 CURRENT PROPAGATION OPTIONS FOR MISCANTHUS GIGANTEUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Mirjana ARANĐELOVIC, Gordana DRAZIC, Jelena MILOVANOVIC, Srđan ALEKSIC ............ 94 WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF TOMATO AND POTATO IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN SERBIA Miroljub AKSIC, Nebojsa GUDZIC, Nebojsa DELETIC, Slavisa STOJKOVIC, Slavisa GUDZIC . 95 THE POSSIBILITIES OF USE OF NITROGEN HARVEST INDEX IN WHEAT BREEDING IN TERM OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE Olivera NIKOLIC, Milanko PAVLOVIC, Miodrag JELIC ........................................................ 96 YIELD AND QUALITY OF DUAL-PURPOSE BARLEY AND TRITICALE IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT IN TUNISIA Sadreddine BEJI, Eya KHEMIR........................................................................................... 97 THE EFFECT OF AIR –ASSISTED ON DIFFERENT DOSE APPLICATIONS AGAINST SUNN PEST (EURYGASTER SPP. HEMIPTERA: SCUTELLERIDAE) CONTROL Arzu AYDAR, Yasemin SABAHOĞLU.................................................................................. 98 THE ADAPTATION OF SOME PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CULTIVARS USED AS TURFGRASS UNDER ANKARA AND ISPARTA CONDITIONS Suzan ALTINOK, Hayrettin EKİZ, Hayrettin KENDİR, Cengiz SANCAK, Sebahattin ALBAYRAK ......................................................................................................................................... 99 QUALITY OF ROTARY MOWER SIP RK 135 MOWING PROCESS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA Milan JUGOVIC, Dusan RADIVOJEVIC, Ranko KOPRIVICA, Gordana SEKULARAC, Tanja JAKISIC, Miroslav LALOVIC ............................................................................................. 100 BREEDING FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT Desimir KNEZEVIC, Danijela KONDIC, Sretenka MARKOVIC, Nikola MICIC, Gordana DJURIC ....................................................................................................................................... 101 IMPACT OF PERRENNIAL APPLICATION OF NPK FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES OF VERTISOL SOIL TYPE Nebojsa GUDZIC, Miroljub AKSIC, Aleksandar ĐIKIC, Slavisa GUDZIC, Jelena MILIVOJEVIC, Miodrag JELIC................................................................................................................. 102

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THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCTION OF RED WINES ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC SCORE IN THE POPULATION OF YOUNG WINEMAKERS Josip MESIC, Brankica SVITLICA, Luka MESIC, Marina BRBLIC ......................................... 103 MORPHOGENETIC FEATURES OF UNIVERSITY LEGUMES COLLECTION Zaure AYTASHEVA, S. BAISEYITOVA, B.A. ZHUMABAYEVA, E. DJANGALINA, Zh. URAZOVA, Ch. BYKOVA ................................................................................................................... 104 EXAMINATION OF SOME DUTCH RED SKIN POTATO VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MONTENEGRO Zoran JOVOVIC, Ana VELIMIROVIC, Vesna MILIC, Milana SILJ ........................................ 105 HONEY PLANTS OF FOREST LANDS IN THE NORTH-WEST RUSSIA A.V GRJZKIN, N.V. BELYEVA, Marko GUTALJ, N.V KOVALEV, Thi Thu Ha NGUEN ............ 106 STUDY FOR DETERMINATION OF CLIMATIC SIMILIARITES TO DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES OF THE ALBANIA TERRITORY Albert KOPALI, Velesin PEÇULI, Zydi TEQJA, Arben BOÇARI............................................ 107 SAGE IN ALBANIA Qatip DODA, Nikollaq BARDHI, Gjoshe STEVKOV, Nefruz CELIKU, Dilaman NELAJ, Bujar ZEKA............................................................................................................................... 108 PROPAGATION SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) AND ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) WITH GREEN CUTTINGS Nada PARAĐIKOVIC, Svjetlana ZELJKOVIC, Monika TKALEC, Irma DERVIC, Milica MARIC109 TOTAL AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS STATUS IN SOILS OF EASTERN CROATIA Brigita POPOVIC, Zdenko LONCARIC, Krunoslav KARALIC, Vladimir IVEZIC ..................... 110 EFFECT OF SLOW-RELEASE NITOGEN FERTILIZERS ON MAIZE PLANTS GROWN ON NEW RECLAIMED SOIL Mohamed S. Awaad ....................................................................................................... 111 REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATER FOR CULTIVATION OF ROSES FOR DECORATION ONLY AND NOT FOR FOOD INDUSTRIES R. E. Abdelraouf, Sami, A.Metwally, H.M. Mehana ........................................................ 112 INVESTIGATION THE EFFECTS OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MEDICINAL PLANT OF TARRAGON(ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS)

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Behrooz ESMAIELPOUR, Seide Fateme HATAMI ............................................................. 113 AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF PROTOPLASTS ISOLATION AND VIABILITY FROM CALLUS OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS Esmaeil CHAMANI, S. K. TAHAMI ................................................................................... 114 DEVELOPMENT OF PISTILLATE FLOWERS IN 'GEISENHEIM-286' WALNUT CULTIVAR (JUGLANS REGIA L.) Dragan JANKOVIC, Sladjana JANKOVIC, Zoran NIKOLIC, Svetlana PAUNOVIC ................. 115 A STUDY OF DIFFERENT GERMINATION MEDIA FOR THE 'ŠAMPION' WALNUT CULTIVAR POLLEN Dragan JANKOVIC, Sladjana JANKOVIC, Zoran NIKOLIC, Gorica PAUNOVIC .................... 116 WILD CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) – IMPROVEMENT OF STANDS AND TREES Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Vasilije ISAJEV, Snezana RAJKOVIC, Miroslava MARKOVIC,Aleksandar LUCIC.............................................................................................................................. 117 EFFECT OF VINEYARD FLOOR MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND GRAPE QUALITY OF CV. CABERNET SAUVIGNON (VITIS VINIFERA L) Slavica TODIC, Z. BESLIC, S. MATIJASEVIC, B. SIVCEV, Z. RANKOVIC-VASIC ..................... 118 EVALUATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER MODELS USING DATASET FROM A LONG–TERM EXPERIMENT ON CHENOZEM Srđan SEREMESIC, Ivica ĐALOVIC, Dragisa MILOSEV, Goran JACIMOVIC, Vladimir CIRIC 119 GENETIC ESTIMATIONS OF SOME VINE VARIETIES IN KOSOVO BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKERS AND AGRONOMIC DATA’S Ylber BAJRAKTARI, A. BACU, N. BAJRAKTARI – MUJA, N. BAJRAKTARI ........................... 120

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PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY ......................................121

RESISTANCE RISK ANALYSIS FOR PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS Sakine Ugurlu KARAAĞAÇ .............................................................................................. 122 CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM BY COMBINING BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND SODIUM BICARBONATE Svetlana ZIVKOVIC, Veljko GAVRILOVIC, Stefan STOSIC, Dusica DELIC, Nenad DOLOVAC123 CORRELATIVE DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN THE DENSITY AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF SINAPIS ARVENSIS (L)

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Ralitsa NAKOVA ............................................................................................................. 124 PESTS OF APPLE LEAF AND FLOWER BUDS IN THE REGION OF EAST SARAJEVO.............. 125 Dejana TESANOVIC, Radoslava SPASIC ........................................................................... 125 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONTRACTS AND FOOD SAFETY Izabela LIPIŃSKA ............................................................................................................ 126 RESIDUES FOLPET IN GRAPE ŽILAVKA AND BLATINA VARIETIES FROM PLANTATION CULTIVATION AND IN THE SMALL VINEYARD Vedrana KOMLEN, Alma RAHIMIC, Dženan VUKOTIC, Jadranka PEJICIC, Jasmina ALIMAN ....................................................................................................................................... 127 EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON SPECIES COMPOSITION OF INSECT PESTS ON WINTER TRITICALE DURING THE SPRING AND SUMMER IN BULGARIA Hristina KRASTEVA, Vladimir KRUMOV, Olia KARADJOVA.............................................. 128 USE OF PHEROMONES FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF MAIN PESTS OF APPLE IN BULGARIA Hristina KUTINKOVA, Vasiliy DZHUVINOV, Veselin ARNAUDOV, Radoslav ANDREEV, Jörg SAMIETZ......................................................................................................................... 129 VEGARD – BOTANICAL FUNGICIDE Snezana RAJKOVIC, Miroslava MARKOVIC, Aleksandar LUCIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Radoslav RAJKOVIC, Dragan MITIC ................................................................................. 130 CHEMICAL CONTROL OF curculio nucum l. (coleoptera: curculionidae) WITH KNAPSACK SPRAYERS EQUIPPED WITH AIR-ASSISTED ROTARY DISC NOZZLES Hüseyin DURAN, İbrahim ÇİLİNGİR, Kibar AK ................................................................. 131 CONTROL OF EARLY BROWN ROT - BLOSSOM BLIGHT IN SOUR CHERRY CAUSED BY MONILIA LAXA Milena DIMOVA, Miroslav TITJNOV ............................................................................... 132 EFFECT OF FERTILIZER RATES ON THE INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS OF SORGHUM BICOLOR (L) MOENCH IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA Afia Serwaa KARIKARI, I.D.K. ATOKPLE, S.S. BUAH, A.L. ABDULAI, P.M. ETWIRE, P. ASUNGRE ....................................................................................................................... 133 ASSESSMENT OF THE SANITARY STATUS OF POME FRUIT CROPS IN KOSOVO, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO VIRUS, VIROID AND BACTERIAL DISEASES

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Naim KRASNIQI, Franco VALENTINI, Adem DEMAJ, Khaled DJELOUAH .......................... 134 MONITORING RESULTS FOR SCAPHOIDEUS TITANUS BALL (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) IN GRAPE-GROWING REGION OF PODGORICA IN 2012 Sanja RADONJIC, Snježana HRNCIC, Jelena JOVIC, Ivo TOSEVSKI .................................... 135 HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION IN A GLUCOSE SYRUP FACTORY Georgiana DECIU, Arina Oana ANTOCE .......................................................................... 136 LATE BLIGHT ASSESSMENT OF POTATO CULTIVARS USING A NEW EXPRESS METHOD Maria A. KUZNETSOVA, Svetlana Yu. SPIGLAZOVA, Alexander N. ROGOZHIN, Tatiana I. SMETANINA, Alexey V. FILIPPOV.................................................................................... 137 CHANGES IN PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOSCOW PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS POPULATION IN THE PERIOD OF 2000-2011 Natalia V. STATSYUK, Irina N. KOZLOVSKAYA, Boris E. KOZLOVSKY, Tamara I. ULANOVA, Elena V. MOROZOVA, Maria A. KUZNETSOVA ................................................................ 138 CORRELATION OF PHENOLIC COMPONENTS IN RED AND PURPLE TOMATOES Jelena D. MLADENOVIC, Gordana S. ACAMOVIC-DJOKOVIC, Rados M. PAVLOVIC, Jasmina M. ZDRAVKOVIC, Milan S. ZDRAVKOVIC ......................................................................... 139 ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LETTUCE Jelena D. MLADENOVIC, Gordana S. ACAMOVIC-DJOKOVIC, Radoš M. PAVLOVIC, Jasmina M. ZDRAVKOVIC, Pavle Z. MASKOVIC, Milan S. ZDRAVKOVIC ........................................ 140 SENSORY AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PLUM, APRICOT AND PEAR DISTILLATES Jelena PANTOVIC, Milos BOGDANOVIC, Mirjana RADOVANOVIC................................... 141 ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. AND ABUTHILON THEOPHRASTI MED. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN SEED Branko KONSTANTINOVIC, Milan BLAGOJEVIC,.............................................................. 142 Bojan KONSTANTINOVIC, Natasa SAMARDZIC ............................................................... 142 POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN SPRING RAPESEED Petar MITROVIC, Dragana MARISAVLJEVIC, Milan JOCKOVIC, Danijela PAVLOVIC, Nenad DUSANIC, Nada LECIC, Erika Pfaf DOLOVAC ................................................................... 143 FIRST REPORT OF RHIZOCTONIA ZEAE CAUSING STUNTING AND ROOT ROT ON WHEAT IN TURKEY

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Filiz ÜNAL, F. Sara DOLAR, Süreyya ÖZBEN .................................................................... 144 COLEOPTERAN PESTS INTERCEPTED ON IMPORTED FOREST PRODUCTS IN TURKEY Vildan BOZKURT, Ayse OZDEM, Erdogan AYAN .............................................................. 145 OCCURRENCE OF VIBRIO SPP. IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS HARVESTED FROM BUTRINTI LAGOON, ALBANIA Sonila ÇOÇOLI, Pranvera ÇABELI, Elvira BELI, Tana SHTYLLA ........................................... 146 EFFICIENT PEST CONTROL IN OILSEED RAPE AND POSSIBILITIES FOR PROTECTING THE NATURAL POLLINATORS AND HONEY BEES Yanko DIMITROV, Nedyalka PALAGACHEVA, Milena DIMOVA ....................................... 147 FIVE YEARS AFTER THE FIRST RECORD OF TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) IN ALGERIA, WHAT DO WE EXPECT FROM ITS NATIVE NATURAL ENEMIES? Yamina GUENAOUI, A. DAHLIZ , R. BENSAAD, OUEZZANI K. ........................................... 148 AN EXAMPLE OF CROATIAN LABELING FOR PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS Frane STRIKIC, Mira RADUNIC, Marin CAGALJ, Tatjana KLEPO ....................................... 149 EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT WITH PLANT EXTRACT , BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS IN CONTROLLING FUNGI CAUSING COWPEAS DAMPING – OFF AND ROOT ROT Esam SULAIMAN, H.N.ABDULHAFEDH............................................................................ 150 INFLUENCE OF LACTATE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BEEF MINCED MEAT PACKAGED IN MAP M. STOJANOVSKI., A. KUZELOV, Elena JOŠEVSKA, DZULIJANA TOMOVSKA, D. ANDRONIKOV ................................................................................................................ 151 DEHYDRINS FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA EXPRESSED IN E. COLI PROTECT MEMBRANES DURING FREEZING Vladan BOZOVIC, Jan SVENSSON, Jurgen SCHMITT, Carsten KOHN ................................ 152 ACCESSION OF MONTENEGRO TO THE EUROPEAN UNION: STATE AND CHALLENGES IN THE PHYTOSANITARY POLICY Zorka PRLJEVIC, Zoran JOVOVIC, Ana VELIMIROVIC, Srđan ĐUKIC, Milka PETRUSIC, Tamara POPOVIC, Gordana FUSTIC, Maja PETROVIC................................................................... 153 PRACTICAL IMPLEMANTATION OF THE MONITORING RESULTS OF CUTWORMS ON SELECTED PLANTATIONS OF SUGAR BEET IN POLAND

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Magdalena JAKUBOWSKA, Felicyta WALCZAK................................................................ 154 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE OF CERTAIN WEED SPECIES Branko KONSTANTINOVIC, Natasa SAMARDZIC, Milan BLAGOJEVIC, Bojan KONSTANTINOVIC .......................................................................................................... 155 METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF HMF IN HONEY BY HPLC: A COMPARISON WITH SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC WINKLER METHOD Veronika KMECL............................................................................................................. 156 OCHRATOXIN A AND OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI IN TUNISIAN GRAPES AND WINE Samir CHEBIL, Salma LASRAM, Ahmed MLIKI , Abdelwahed GHORBEL........................... 157 COMPOST, COMPOST EXTRACTS AND BACTERIAL SUPPRESSIVE ACTION ON PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM IN TOMATO. Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA, Rabiaa HAOUALA ....................................................... 158 POTENTIAL OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES APPLICATION AGAINST LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS BLANCHARD IN LEBANON Elise NOUJEIM, Joe SAKR, Nabil NEMER ......................................................................... 159

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ORGANIC AGRICULTURE......................................................................160

GRAIN QUALITY IN ORGANIC AND ECOLOGICAL CROPPING SYSTEMS Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Snezana OLJACA, Milena SIMIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC ....................................................................................................................................... 161 ALBANIAN CONSUMER ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARD ETHICAL VALUES OF AGROFOOD PRODUCTS Noureddin DRIOUECH, Xhevaire DULJA, Roberto CAPONE, Sandro DERNINI, Hamid EL BILALI, Sinisa BERJAN, Philipp DEBS ............................................................................... 162 THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THREE DIFFERENT HAZELNUT VARIETIES COLLECTED AT THE DIFFERENT HARVEST PERIODS Ebru TANRIVERDI, Ümit GEÇGEL, Erman DUMAN, Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN, FahadAL JUHAİMİ ......................................................................................................................... 163 EFFECT OF FOLIAR NUTRITION ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOYBEAN YIELD IN ORGANIC CROPPING SYSTEM Vera POPOVIC, Jegor MILADINOVIC, Đorđe GLAMOCLIJA, Jela IKANOVIC, Vera ĐEKIC, Snezana ĐORĐEVIC, Violeta MICKOVSKI STEFANOVIC ................................................... 164

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PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES OF AGROECOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN ORGANIC CEREAL BREEDING: A CASE STUDY FROM ITALY Vanessa MALANDRIN, Leo DVORTSIN ............................................................................ 165 INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GUANO ON GRAIN YIELD OF DIFFERENT CORN HYBRIDS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION Darinka BOGDANOVIC, Dragana LATKOVIC, Janoš BERENJI, Maja MANOJLOVIC ............ 166 EFFECT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS AND ZEOLITE ON YIELD OF WINTER RYE UNDER HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITION Snezana OLJACA, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Snezana ĐORĐEVIC ............ 167 AGROSYSTEMS PROTECTION AS HERITAGE ELEMENTS: CULTURAL LANDSCAPES Carlos ORTIZ MAYORDOMO, Lina GRACIA VICENTE ....................................................... 168 PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC VITICULTURE APPLIED IN MURFATLAR VINEYARD, ROMANIA Aurora RANCA, Arina ANTOCE, Victoria ARTEM, Anamaria PETRESCU, Cristina STANCIU, Cristina COLIC-SOVA....................................................................................................... 169 THE INFLUENCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CULTIVATION OF PLANTS ON EDAFIC BIODIVERSITY Albert KOPALI, Zydi TEQJA,Elison ROTA ......................................................................... 170 THE EFFECTS OF BIOSTIMULATORS AND REDUCED FERTILIZATION ON STRAWBERRY FRUIT QUALITY Ivna STOLFA, Aleksandar STANISAVLJEVIC, Marija SPOLJAREVIC, Miroslav LISJAK, Nada PARAĐIKOVIC, Tomislav VINKOVIC, Dejan AGIC, Tatjana PREBEG, Rosemary VUKOVIC, Tihana TEKLIC................................................................................................................. 171 ORGANIC FARMING: PROSPECTS AND CONSTRAINTS Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT.............................................................................................. 172 THE ROLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT CULTIVAR AND CERTIFIED SEED IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE Janoš BERENJI, Dragana LATKOVIC................................................................................. 173 DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN SERBIA Zdravko HOJKA, Jelena BOSKOVIC, Veselinka ZECEVIC, Slobodan MILENKOVIC ............. 174 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FUSARIUM CROWN AND ROOT ROT OF TOMATO

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Hibar KHALED, Daami-Remadi M. .................................................................................. 175 INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE GREEN PEACH APHID [(MYZUS (N.) PERSICAE SULZER) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)] Pervin ERDOGAN, Aysegul YILDIRIM .............................................................................. 176

4. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................177 CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE BOREAL FORESTS Marko GUTALJ, A.V. GRJAZKIN, N.V. BELYAEVA, N.V. KOVALEV, A.A FETISOVA ............. 178 LEGISLATION IN SERBIA IN THE FIELD OF COLLECTING MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Svetlana TURUDIJA ZIVANOVIC, Zorica VASILJEVIC, Ana VUKOVIC ................................. 179 THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS IN THE FOODS RETAIL Radojko LUKIC, Djojo ARSENOVIC, Srdjan LALIC ............................................................. 180 OBSERVED CHANGES IN GRAPEVINE PHENOLOGY IN THE REGION OF SREMSKI KARLOVCI, SERBIA Mirjana RUML, Nada KORAC, Dragoslav IVANISEVIC, Mirjam VUJADINOVIC, Ana VUKOVIC ....................................................................................................................................... 181 TRENDS IN CLIMATICALLY RELEVANT TEMPERATURE INDICES FOR GRAPEVINE GROWING IN THE REGION OF SREMSKI KARLOVCI, SERBIA Mirjana RUML, Mirjam VUJADINOVIC, Ana VUKOVIC, Nada KORAC, Dragoslav IVANISEVIC ....................................................................................................................................... 182 DETERMINATION OF RADIOCAESIUM IN BLUEBERRIES Natasa B. SARAP, Dragana J. TODOROVIC, Marija M. JANKOVIC, Jelena D. NIKOLIC, Milica M. RAJACIC .................................................................................................................... 183 DRAINAGE IMPACT ON STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION PSEUDOGLEY SOILS IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Radmila PIVIC, Dragana JOSIC, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIC SEBIC, Dusica DELIC, Z. DŽELETOVIC ................................................................................................................... 184 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BIOMASS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY IN VOJVODINA Vladislav ZEKIC, Nedeljko TICA, Dragan MILIC, Veljko VUKOJE ....................................... 185 INTERACTION OF BENZYLAMINOPURINE (BAP) AND INDOL BUTIRIC ACID (IBA) ON ROOT INDUCTION IN OLEA EUROPEA L.

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Bari HODAJ, Petrit RAMA, Adhurim LAZAJ, Edlira KUKALI .............................................. 186 QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF ERODED SEDIMENTS IN THE UPPER IBRAHIM RIVER WATERSHED, LEBANON Zgheib R., Therese ATALLAH, Shaban A., T. Darwish....................................................... 187 SOIL EROSION OF THE CUVERAK RIVER BASIN (WEST SERBIA) Gordana SEKULARAC, Miodrag JELIC, Mirko KULINA, Tanja JAKISIC, Milan JUGOVIC ..... 188 AMPELOGRAPHIC AND AMPELOMETRIC CHARACTERISATION OF GRAPES OF VITIS VINIFERA L. NATIVE OF ALGERIA El Heit KADDOUR, Hamama ABDERAZAK, Meghezzi SAIDA Sebki SALIMA, Agouazi OUNISSA, Derridj AREZKI ............................................................................................... 189 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE WATER BALANCE OF LAND AREA OF SARAJEVO Tanja JAKISIC, Gordana SEKULARAC, Mirjana MOJEVIC, Branka GOVEDARICA, Milan JUGOVIC......................................................................................................................... 190 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LAND USE ON MAIN SOIL PROPERTIES Vladimir IVEZIC, Zdenko LONCARIC, Krunoslav KARALIC, Brigita POPOVIC, Bal Ram SINGH ....................................................................................................................................... 191 HUMUS COMPOSITION OF CHERNOZEM, EUTRIC CAMBISOL AND LUVISOL IN CONTINENTAL CROATIA Aleksandra BENSA, Bosko MILOS, Zdravka SEVER STRUKIL, Kristina KRKLEC .................. 192 LAND SUITABILITY FOR OLIVE IRRIGATION. CASE STUDY: POSTIRA ON THE ISLAND OF BRAČ Bosko MILOS, Aleksandra BENSA ................................................................................... 193 ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL SUITABILITY OF ZELINA VINEYARD AREA FOR GROVING GRAPES Mario SRAKA, Ivana MAMIC........................................................................................... 194 THE STUDY OF LAND USE CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON RUNOFF IN THE PUNKVA CATCHMENT Věra HUBAČÍKOVÁ, František TOMAN ........................................................................... 195 AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE -APPLICATION TO WHEAT Christos D. TSADILAS, V. SAMARAS, E. EVANGELOU....................................................... 196

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COCCIDIOSTATS IN POULTRY MANURE – A POTENTIAL THREAT TO BENEFICIAL SOIL INVERTEBRATES Suzana ŽIŽEK, Primož ZIDAR, Matej VIDRIH, Martin DOBEIC, Štefan PINTARIČ, Milan POGAČNIK, Silvestra KOBAL ........................................................................................... 197 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF GLACIAL FEATURES IN THE DURMITOR MOUNTAINS (MONTENEGRO) AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PALAEOCLIMATES Klaas ANNYS, Amaury FRANKL, Velibor SPALEVIĆ, Milic ČUROVIĆ, Dragan BOROTA, Jan NYSSEN .......................................................................................................................... 198 EFFECT OF LAND USE DISTRIBUTION PARTTERNS ON NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN RIVER WATERS IN AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS, WESTERN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN Hiromu OKAZAWA ......................................................................................................... 199 AGROFORESTRY – POSSIBILITIES OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAND USE Dragana DRAZIC, Nevena CULE, Milorad VESELINOVIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Srdjan BOJOVIC, Suzana MITROVIC, Nebojsa TODOROVIC ........................................................ 200 THE QUALITY OF SPRING WATERS OF FRUSKA GORA (VOJVODINA) Dragica STOJILJKOVIC, Biserka DIMIŠKOVSKA, Milena DJURIC, Gordana SEKULARAC, Tanja JAKISIC, Milan JUGOVIC.................................................................................................. 201 EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ON THE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOILS UNDER RED CLOVER Dragutin ĐUKIC, Leka MANDIC, Gordana ĐUROVIC, Marijana PESAKOVIC, Ivana BOSKOVIC ....................................................................................................................................... 202 ANALYSIS OF REVENUE STRUCTURE IN FINANCING NATIONAL PARKS IN SERBIA Ilija ĐORĐEVIC, Nenad RANKOVIC, Ljiljana KECA............................................................ 203 WATER POTENTIAL OF BEECH FORESTS IN SERBIA Ljubomir LETIC, Zoran NIKIC, Radovan SAVIC, Vesna NIKOLIC ........................................ 204 NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF UPPER DANUBE Nada MIJAJLOVIC, Vesna POPOVIC, Jonel SUBIC ............................................................ 205 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SURFACE SATER IN UPPER PARTS OF JIZERA MOUNTAINS Kateřina ZÁKOUTSKÁ, František TOMAN, Petra OPPELTOVÁ, Jakub ELBL ...................... 206 EFFECT ON PH, EC AND OM OF THE USE OF URBAN WASTEWATER IN IRRIGATION LINE IN THE PADDIES IN ALBUFERA OF VALENCIA (SPAIN)

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Fernando SENDRA, Francisco Javier MARTÍNEZ-CORTIJO ............................................... 207 THE NEED OF SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN TURKISH AGRICULTURE Hasan Burak AGIR, Ismet BOZ ........................................................................................ 208 COCCIDIOSTATS IN POULTRY MANURE – A POTENTIAL IMPACT ON METAL ACCUMULATION IN BENEFICIAL SOIL INVERTEBRATES Primož ZIDAR, Monika KOS, Suzana ŽIŽEK ...................................................................... 209 ECONOMIC VALUE AND PRICING OF WATER IN IRRIGATION IN SERBIA Svetlana POTKONJAK, Ksenija MACKIC, Tihomir ZORANOVIC ........................................ 210 USE OF ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL FOR MAKING THE SUITABILITY MAPS FOR GROWTH AND CULTIVATION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS VACCINIUM USING GIS TOOLS Esad BUKALO, Damir BEHLULOVIC, Ahmedin SALCINOVIC, Marijana TOMIC.................. 211 DYNAMICS OF THE WATER CONTENT IN THE SOIL DURING THE PERIODS WITHOUT PRECIPITATION IN THE BOCEGAJ SUBCATCHMENT IN 2009 AND 2010 Ľuboš JURÍK, Tatiana KALETOVÁ .................................................................................... 212 THE VIEW OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS ON THE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE PROCESS OF HYDROPOWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN SLOVENIA Vesna MILICIC, Marina PINTAR, Andrej UDOVC ............................................................. 213 THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION FROM NUTRIENTS AND HUMAN EFFECTS ON DURRES BAY Ornela SHOSHI, S. SULÇE, Z. RADA ................................................................................. 214 INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS OF FIG TREE AS A VERY IMPORTED ISSUE FOR THE ADAPTION OF THE VARIETIES TO DIFFERENT CONDITIONS Tatjana KOKA ................................................................................................................. 215 USE OMW AS FERTILIZER TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT Malika BOUDIAF NAITKACI, M. HEDDE, S. MOUAS BOURBIA, M. DJEBBAR, A. DERRIDJ . 216 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN MONTENEGRO Jan NYSSEN, Velibor SPALEVIĆ, Tom LENAERTS, Annelies KERCKHOF, Klaas ANNYS, Jeroen VAN DEN BRANDEN, Milic CUROVIC, Amaury FRANKL ................................................... 217 REGIONAL GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF MONTENEGRO: LANDFORM GENESIS AND PRESENT PROCESSES Tom LENAERTS, Jan NYSSEN, Velibor SPALEVIĆ, Amaury FRANKL .................................. 218

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF FUEL ADDITIVES Adriana RADOSAVAC, Nikola JOVIC, Midhat JASIC, Jelena PREMOVIC ........................... 219 CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT.............................................................................................. 220 WATER MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE Mladen TODOROVIC ...................................................................................................... 221 PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN ACCUMULATION “STREZEVO” IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Rodne NASTOVA, Vasil KOSTOV, Natasha GJORGOVSKA ............................................... 222 SELENIUM AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE NUTRITION OF FISH Rodne NASTOVA, Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Vasil KOSTOV ............................................... 223 WATER MANAGEMENT UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE Elame FOUAD, Doukkali R., Fadlaoui A........................................................................... 224 CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS AND SMALL SCALE MAIZE FARMERS IN MPUMALANGA, PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Samuel ODUNIYI ............................................................................................................ 225 VIRTUAL WATER BALANCE ESTIMATION IN AN IRRIGATED AREA IN NORTH-EASTERN TUNISIA Talel STAMBOULI, Abdallah BENALAYA, Asma SOUISSI, Lamia LAJILI-GHEZAL, Marwa WESLATI, Rabeh BELAID, Youcef NACEUR, Saida ELFEKIH, Saker Benabdallah................ 226 WATER AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION DISTRICT Talel STAMBOULI, Nery ZAPATA, José Maria FACI .......................................................... 227

5.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ...........................................................................228

PASTORAL DYNAMICS IN THE REGION OF DIFFA (NIGER): A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK CAPITAL Laouali ABDOULKADRI, Francois ROUCHET, Philippe LEBAILLY, Yamba BOUBACAR ....... 229 INFLUENCE OF GENISTEIN AND ZEARALENONE ON BOAR SPERMATOZOA MOTILITY IN VITRO Adéla KREJCÁRKOVÁ, Petra FOLKOVÁ, Radko RAJMON ................................................. 230

23

INFLUENCE OF DAIDZEIN ON MEIOTIC MATURATION OF PIG OOCYTES Kristýna HOŠKOVÁ, Lenka KŘIVOHLÁVKOVÁ, Ondřej DRÁBEK, Radko RAJMON ............ 231 INFLUENCE OF LDL ADDITION ON CRYOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF BOVINE SEMEN EXTENDERS Ondřej ŠIMONÍK, Luděk STÁDNÍK, Radko RAJMON, Jan BERAN, Jiří ŠICHTAŘ, Jaromír DUCHÁČEK ..................................................................................................................... 232 SCORING SYSTEM AND IDENTIFICATION OF MASTITIS RISKS IN CATTLE FARMS G. HALA, Natalia SHOSHI, A. ZECCONI, Xh. KOLECI, P.ÇABELI, T.SHTYLLA ....................... 233 THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT INTENSITIES OF FEEDING ON THE GROWTH OF JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS WAL.) Nebojsa SAVIC, Dragan MIKAVICA ................................................................................. 234 THE SITUATION OF PRODUCTION AND PURCHASE OF RAW MILK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Midhat GLAVIC, A. ZENUNOVIC, N. SERIFOVIC ............................................................... 235 VARIABILITY OF THE PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISOLATED TRAITS OF THE HONEY BEE IN THE AREA OF TREBINJE Radivoje MAKSIMOVIC, Mica MLADENOVIC, Goran MIRJANIC, Nebojsa NEDIC, Sladjan RASIC ............................................................................................................................. 236 EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT HENS ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF BROILER BREEDERS Tatjana PANDUREVIC, Vladan DJERMANOVIC, Sreten MITROVIC, Vera DJEKIC, Miroslav LALOVIC ......................................................................................................................... 237 THE PELLETING PROCESS OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND IMPACT ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION Bojana MILENKOVIC, Sasa BARAC, Aleksandar VUKOVIC, Aleksandar DJIKIC ................. 238 NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH WEIGHT OF GOAT KIDS Tsvetomira HRISTOVA, Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Penko ZUNEV, Tsonko MASLEV ........... 239 SEROTYPE AND BIOTYPE PREVALENCE OF AVIAN PATHOGENIC ECHERICHIA COLI IN ALBANIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY Tana SHTYLLA KIKA, Elena CIRCELLA, Pranvera ÇABELI, Sonila ÇOÇOLI, Antonio CAMARDA ....................................................................................................................................... 240

24

INFLUENCE OF SEX AND LITTER SIZE OF BIRTH WEIGHT AND INCREASE LAMBS SJENICA IMPROVED TUFT SHEEP IN INTENSIVE BREEDIN SYSTEM Amir GANIC, Admir DOKSO, Ervin ZECEVIC..................................................................... 241 ENERGY FROM DAIRY FARMS Drazenko BUDIMIR, Nikica PRSKALO.............................................................................. 242 THE WEIGHT STRUCTURE OF PHOXINELLUS PSEUDALEPIDOTUS (CYPRINIDAE) FROM THE MOSTARSKO BLATO (NERETVA RIVER BASIN, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA) Ivana MARKOTIĆ, Marko ĆALETA, Milorad MRAKOVČIĆ, Branko GLAMUZINA............... 243 SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC RABBIT OF CALIFORNIAN BREED M. STOJANOVSKI, ELENA JOŠEVSKA, GORDANA DIMITROVSKA, KATERINA BOJKOVSKA 244 MONITORING BEHAVIOR OF PIGS IN ONE PIG FARM Atanas NITOVSKI, Bisa RADOVIC, Milinko MILENKOVIC, Valentina MILANOVIC, Dragana GRCAK, Milovan GRCAK ................................................................................................. 245 SAFETY OF BEESWAX PRODUCTIONS Duska SLIJEPAC .............................................................................................................. 246 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FEED INGREDIENTS IN DAIRY COW RATION Biljana VELJKOVIC, Ranko KOPRIVICA, Milun PETROVIC, Dusan RADIVOJEVIC ............... 247 THE QUALITY OF FOOD FOR BEES OBTAINED BY SUCROSE INVERSION WITH HONEY AS CATALYST Mirjana RADOVANOVIC, Branimir RACIC, Dalibor TOMIC, Snezana TANASKOVIC, Jelena PANTOVIC ...................................................................................................................... 248 THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE HUMITIDY INDEX OF THE QUALITY OF COW'S MILK Nebojsa ZLATKOVIC, Tibor KÖNYVES.............................................................................. 249 PRESERVATION AND CARE OF INDIGENOUS SJENICA CHEESE DURING RIPENING PROCESS Zeljko SAVIC, Nebojsa LALIC ........................................................................................... 250 SPRING DEVELOPMENT OF BEE COLONIES IN THE AGRO-ECOLLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Mica MLADENOVIC, Todor VULIC, Milovan VELICKOVIC, Miloš BAUK, Cedo OPARNICA, Radivoje MAKSIMOVIC................................................................................................... 251 IMPACT OF HONEY BEES ON POLLINATION OF SOME PLUM VATIETIES

25

Mica MLADENOVIC, Nebojsa GRAJIC, Marina MACUKANOVIC-JOCIC, Todor VULIC., Sladjan RASIC ............................................................................................................................. 252

6.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGROECONOMY..............................253

AN AGRO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NIGER HOUSEHOLD: CASE OF TAHOUA Mahamadou MOUSSA DIT KALAMOU, Ludovic ANDRES, Boubacar YAMBA, François ROUCHET, Philippe LEBAILLY .......................................................................................... 254 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE EFFECTS OF PROTECTING TRADITIONAL AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Slavica SAMARDZIC, Sinisa BERJAN, Hamid EL BILALI, Sabahudin BAJRAMOVIC............. 255 GOVERNANCE OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT Gehan A.G. ELMENOFI, Hamid EL BILALI, Sinisa BERJAN................................................. 256 IMPROVING MAIZE SEED ACCESS AND CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF SUBSISTENCE FARMERS IN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, INDONESIA Esnawan BUDISANTOSO, Jeremy STRINGER, Jim TOMECKO, Joel TUKAN, Vinsen NURAK ....................................................................................................................................... 257 CONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF FINANCIAL LENDING IN MACEDONIAN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Marija GJOSHEVA-KOVACHEVIKJ, Goran KOVACEV, Hristijan RISTESKI .......................... 258 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PROBLEMS Branko MIHAILOVIC, Drago CVIJANOVIC ........................................................................ 259 NITROGEN FERTILIZERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

USE TRENDS AND

Roberto CAPONE, Hamid EL BILALI, Philipp DEBS, Gianluigi CARDONE, Sinisa BERJAN ... 260 INSTITUTIONS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Blagoj GORGIEVSKI......................................................................................................... 261 COST EFFECTIVENESS OF RASPBERRIES GROWING IN RURAL AREAS OF NORTH KOSOVO Goran MAKSIMOVIC , Ljubisa MILACIC ........................................................................... 262 FINANCING OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN THE WORLD Marija M. NIKOLIC, Aleksandar STOJANOVIC, Huanita MILUTINOVIC ............................ 263

26

ANALYSIS OF PURCHASE AND PLACEMENT OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS IN SOUTHERN SERBIA Ljiljana KECA, Milica MARCETA, Danijel MLADENOVIC ................................................... 264 PROBLEMS IN RECORD KEEPING OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RESULTS OF FAMILY FARMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Radovan PEJANOVIC, Zorica VASILJEVIC, Vedran TOMIC, Nikola LJILJANIC, Robert RADISIC ....................................................................................................................................... 265 CONTRIBUTION OF VIRTUAL WATER TO IMPROVING WATER SECURITY IN TUNISIA: A CASE STUDY OF WHEAT AND OLIVE GROWING FARMS IN ZAGHOUAN REGION Asma SOUISSI, Abdallah BENALAYA, Belhassen ABDELKEFI, Talel STAMBOULI, Lamia GHEZAL, Rabeh BELAID, Youssef NACEUR, Marwa OUESLATI, Saida FEKIH, Saker BENABDALLAH, Aymen FRIJA ......................................................................................... 266 COST, RETURN ANALYSIS AND CONSTRAINTS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN HAI DUONG, VIETNAM LE Thi Minh Chau, Philippe LEBAILLY, Tuan Son NGUYEN ............................................... 267 PERSPECTIVES OF RURAL AREAS IN SERBIA Branislav GULAN ............................................................................................................ 268 BIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF BARLEY CHAIN: RELEVANCE AND SMART, SUSTAINABLE, INCLUSIVE TRIGGER EFFECTS IN THE SHORT CHAIN OF FOOD AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS A PROJECT‘S EXPLANATION *

Adriano CIANI , Francesco DIOTALLEVI .......................................................................... 269 IMPACT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS ON ECONOMIC RESILIENCE OF POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN EASTERN PROVINCE OF RWANDA Olivier Ngamata MILITERY, Deo MBONYINKEBE, Philippe LEBAILLY ............................... 270 INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ON-LINE STUDY SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION PROGRAM Vesna VULIC ................................................................................................................... 271 THE RATIO OF REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MONTENEGRO Miroslav DODEROVIC, Dragomir KICOVIC....................................................................... 272 CONNECTING AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESS FOR SME’s FROM THE AGRICOMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

27

Tosho KOSTADINOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Eljmi JUSUFI, Vesna LEVKOV, Natasha GJORGOVSKA ................................................................................................................. 273 STATE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SME’s FROM THE AGRI-COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Tosho KOSTADINOV, Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Eljmi JUSUFI, Vesna LEVKOV .......................................................................................................................... 274 DETERMINATION OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL BIODIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS SHEEP BREEDS

SUPPORTING

RATES

TO

PROTECT

Vladimir DZABIRSKI, Kocho PORCHU, Aleksandra MARTINOVSKA STOJCHESKA, Кaterina BELICHOVSKA, Ivana JANESKA-STAMENKOVSKA, Jasmina MILEVSKA ............................ 275 THIEU LITCHI PRODUCTION IN THANH HA DISTRICT (HAI DUONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM): PRODUCERS AND EXTENSION SERVICES STRATEGIES François ROUCHET, Philippe LEBAILLY, Vu Dinh TON ............................................................ 276 ECONOMIC EFFECT, EXPERIENCES AND EXPECTATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Tihana SUDARIC, Krunoslav ZMAIC, Ruzica LONCARIC.................................................... 277 ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF SUGAR BEET AND CORN AS ENERGY CROPS VERSUS FOOD AND FEED MARKETS: A CASE STUDY IN SPAIN Rita ROBLES, Piedad CAMPELO ...................................................................................... 278 CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF FAMILY AGRICULTURE IN KIRUNDO PROVINCE NORTHERN OF BURUNDI Bonaventure MINANI, Déo-Guide RUREMA, Philippe LEBAILLY...................................... 279 STANDARDIZATION OF PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS A CONDITION OF EU INTEGRATION Borko SORAJIC, Tea ZERDELIC ........................................................................................ 280 PREDICTION OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Beba MUTAVDŽIC, Ljiljana DRINIC, Nebojsa NOVKOVIC, Aleksandar OSTOJIC, Gordana ROKVIC........................................................................................................................... 281 INSTRUMENTS OF ECONOMIC MEASURES OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Vesna MRDALJ, Stevo MIRJANIC, Zeljko VASKO, Aleksandar OSTOJIC............................ 282

28

STRATEGIC NEXSUS OF ECOTOURISM AND ECOLOGICAL FARMING IN FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF MONTENEGRO Dragan BULATOVIC, Ana BULATOVIC, Dusan PETROVIC ................................................. 283 POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSES OF MANGROVE MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUS RIVER DELTA Junaid Alam MEMON, Gopal B. THAPA .......................................................................... 284 TYPE OF FARMING AS A FACTOR DIFFERENTIATING THE LEVEL OF FARM SUPPORT UNDER COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN POLAND Agnieszka JUDZIŃSKA..................................................................................................... 285 THE STUDY OF FOOD WASTE IMPACT ON THE HOUSEHOLDS' SOCIO - ECONOMIC STATUS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF VRSAC Huanita MILUTINOVIC, Dejan JANKOVIC, Aleksandar STOJANOVIC................................ 286 OPTIMIZATION OF VEGETABLES FOR CONSUME IN FRESH CONDITION PRODUCTION STRUCTURE Nebojsa NOVKOVIC, Tomo KRASNIC, Goran NIKOLIC ..................................................... 287 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND OF EXPORTS POSSIBILITIES YOUNG POTATO FROM REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Rasko STEFANOVIC, Zoran BROCIC ................................................................................. 288 SITUATION IN SLOVENIAN RURAL AREAS AND MAIN FACTORS OF THEIR ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE Anton PERPAR, Damijana KASTELEC, Andrej UDOVČ...................................................... 289 STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION IN CROATIA WITH FOCUS ON VRGORAC AREA Marin CAGALJ, Frane STRIKIC, Tatjana KLEPO, Mira RADUNIC ....................................... 290 THE UNRESOLVED CASE OF THE OWNERSHIP ON AGRICULTURAL LAND IN ALBANIA– A BARRIER OF DEVELOPMENT Edlira KOLA, Sabri LAÇI, Sabri LAÇI, Esmeralda LAÇI ....................................................... 291 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES IN ALGERIA AT CROSSROADS: PRESSING PROBLEMS AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Samir Ali AROUS, Hakima ARAAR, Noureddin DRIOUECH, Hamid El BILALI, Virigina BELSANTI , Luigi SISTO .................................................................................................... 292

29

INTEGRAL ICT SOLUTIONS SUPPORTING FARMERS AND FORESTERS, ENVIRONMENTAL CARETAKING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Walter H. MAYER ........................................................................................................... 293 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMANS AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: AN ASSESSMENT IN MONTENEGRO THROUGH INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES Annelies KERCKHOF, Veerle VANEETVELDE, Velibor SPALEVIC, Jan NYSSEN ................... 294 RURAL TOURISM AND FOOD PRODUCTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Adriana RADOSAVAC, Nikola JOVIC, Midhat JASIC, Jelena PREMOVIC ........................... 295 THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN EXTENSION EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN FINLAND Leena SAVISALO ............................................................................................................. 296 KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TAJIKISTAN. ADVISORY SERVICES AS A PANACEA?

AGRICULTURAL

Anastasiya SHTALTOVNA ............................................................................................... 297 A CASE STUDY: CAN THE SANDY RIDGES SOILS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USED FOR CROP PRODUCTION? Ismail ROSLAN, Jusop SHAMSHUDDIN ........................................................................... 298 GROUP DYNAMICS FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN PAKISTAN Allah Nawaz Samoo........................................................................................................ 299 PERSPECTIVES OF RURAL TOURIST DESTINATION MOUNTAIN RAJAC I VRANICA ........... 300 Dragan STEVANOVIC, Vladimir IVANOVIC ...................................................................... 300 THE ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY Maja STRBAC.................................................................................................................. 301 THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POLICIES (EXAMPLE OF ONE MUNICIPALITY) Radovan PEJANOVIC, Slavica OTOVIC, Zeljka MILICIC..................................................... 302 INTERACTIVE CONSULTING SYSTEM FOR MAKE DECISION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT Tetyana KALNA-DUBINYUK, Natalya PUGACH................................................................ 303 ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF DRIED SOUR CHERRY PRODUCTION IN SERBIA ,

Veljko VUKOJE, Jasmina ŽIVKOVIĆ, Vladislav ZEKIĆ Milenko MATKOVIĆ ....................... 304

30

THE IMPACT OF SERBIAN AGRICULTURE EXPORTS ON ITS TRADE DEFICIT Jelena PETROVIC, Dusko JOVANOVIC, Dusan PETROVIC, Sinisa BERJAN ......................... 305 DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN BOSNIA Sinisa BERJAN, Matteo VITTUARI, Hamid EL BILALI, Jelena PETROVIC ............................ 306 COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION- MANAGEMENT AND FINANCING AFTER 2013 Nataša ZRILIĆ, Goran PERKOVIC ..................................................................................... 307 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE WINTER LETTUCE PRODUCTION IN GREENHOUSES USING DIFFERENT CROP MANAGEMENT Aleksandra GOVEDARICA – LUČIĆ, Grujica VICO, Danijela ĐURĐIĆ................................. 308 INSURANCE AND SAVING IN RURAL SOUTH-EASTERN BOSNIA Sinisa BERJAN, Hamid EL BILALI, Thi Minh Chau LE......................................................... 309 INVOLVEMENT OF STAFF OF THE FACULTY OF AGROBIOLOGY, FOOD AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA *

Petr SLAVÍK, Radko RAJMON, Jiří ŠICHTAŘ, Adéla KREJCÁRKOVÁ , Kristýna HOŠKOVÁ.. 310

AUTHORS INDEX ..........................................................................................311

31

KEYNOTE PAPERS

32

NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING MAIZE BREEDING Snezana MLADENOVIC-DRINIC1,2*, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ1, Milosav BABIĆ1, Kosana KONSTANTINOV2 1

2

Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected]) Abstract

Limited sources of germplasm used in maize breeding programs, increased the importance of prebreeding activities. Advances in technologies have allowed other methods to add efficiencies to modern commercial maize breeding. These include the use of Doubled haploids, genomics, molecular markers and transformation. Doubled haploids method creates completely homozygous inbreds in 1-2 years versus 7 in traditional breeding. Molecular markers serve as a starting point for genes and have a significant role in selection. MAS is the use of markers to identify the presence of a specific gene or combination of genes that carry a desirable trait, which allows direct use of the inbred to create specific combinations and more rapid trait improvements can be made. Genomics helps scientists to identify which genes determine important traits, and how genes interact with each other. The complete DNA sequence of the maize genome, along with more comprehensive transcriptome, proteome and metabolome information, help to further unravel the complexities of how genes and gene networks function to produce productive maize plants. Genetic improvement is resulting in improved agronomic, disease, and/or end use traits. Application of all new technologies will help breeders to achieve greater harvestable yield and product development systems. Key words: maize, prebreeding, molecular breeding, genomics

33

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IRON CHLOROSIS Irena JUG1*, Danijel JUG1, Vladimir VUKADINOVIĆ1, Boris ĐURĐEVIĆ1, Vesna VUKADINOVIĆ1, Bojan STIPEŠEVIĆ1, Dusan KOVACEVIC2 1 2

Faculty of Agronomy, University of Osijek, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, Croatia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6., Zemun, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Three different experiments were conducted to determine the distribution and causes of iron chlorosis at Strategy I (grape vine) and Strategy II plant (maize). In first experiment, during 2007 field research on maize covered 132 sites. Chlorosis was quantified by visual ratings and chlorophyll meter readings. From the chlorophyll meter data collection the relative chlorosis (Kl_rel) were calculated and mapped. Relative chlorosis has averaged 41.42% and increased with increasing pH value of the soil. Second experiment included vegetation pots trial in greenhouse. Maize hybrid OsSK 617 was sown in pots filled by regosoil, with two levels of field water capacity. Iron chlorosis was determined by chlorophyll meter readings, leaf chlorophyll concentration and leaf total Fe. Higher relative chlorosis (43.88%) was recorded in maize grown in wet condition as result of reduced synthesis of chloroplast pigments. Highly significant negative correlation was found between the relative chlorosis and total concentration of chloroplast pigments. The difference in the concentration of iron in the shoots of maize in dry and wet conditions was not statistically justified. Third research was conducted during 2009 on grape vine included field measurements of the intensity of chlorosis and laboratory analysis of soil and plant material. On soils with a high pH values and HCO3-, chlorosis was detected frequently, which is a common phenomenon that occurs as iron deficiency. The average value of the relative chlorosis was 36.45%. The concentration of iron in the leaves and petioles of grape vines was not significantly correlated with the relative chlorosis, which can be result of physiological inactivation of iron Key words: maize, grape vine, iron chlorosis, chlorophyll meter

34

WHEN ECONOMICS MATTERS IN MEETING FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE: FOOD AFFORDABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Roberto CAPONE1, Hamid EL BILALI1*, Philipp DEBS1, Gianluigi CARDONE2 1

2

Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Department of Mediterranean Organic Agriculture; Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari; International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Italy; (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Food security is built on four pillars: availability, access, utilization and stability. For most Mediterranean people affordability is a key factor determining access to food. This is dependent not only on food cost but also on the disposable income that can be spent on food. The paper aims at analysing food accessibility in the Mediterranean region. Secondary data from different sources (e.g. FAO, World Bank) were used to analyse the trends of different indicators: food affordability; food consumer price index; household food expenditure; and cereals imports dependency. According to the Global Food Security Index, food affordability is still a challenge in the Mediterranean. In March 2013, food affordability score ranged from 34.8 in Syria to 86.5 in France. The share of food consumption expenditure in total household expenditure is high; 67.3% and 43.9% in Albania and Algeria, respectively. FAO food price index increase was higher than consumer price index increase in the period 2000-2011. During the period 2005-2011, the highest increase of the food consumer price index was recorded in Egypt followed by Turkey and Algeria. FAO consumer cereal price index increased more than meat price index in the period 2004-2012. Cereals import dependency is high in all Mediterranean Arab countries; up to 80% in drought years in Algeria. Accessible and affordable diets should not be taken for granted in the Mediterranean. Adequate and consistent economic access to safe, nutritious and high quality food, even in times of crisis, is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable food and nutrition security in the Mediterranean. Keywords: food affordability, food security, Mediterranean region.

35

THE IMPACT OF LAND USE ON SOIL EROSION IN THE RIVER BASIN BOLJANSKA RIJEKA IN MONTENEGRO Velibor SPALEVIĆ1*, Jan NYSSEN2, Milic CUROVIC1, Tom LENAERTS2, Annelies KERCKHOF2, Klaas ANNYS2, Jeroen VAN DEN BRANDEN2, Amaury FRANKL1 1

University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro 2 Ghent University, Department of Geography, Ghent, Belgium (Corresponding author: [email protected]) Abstract

Soil erosion is acknowledged as a major environmental problem, threatening sustainable livelihoods around the world. Inappropriate land use and land management is often viewed as main cause of accelerated erosion rates. Therefore, modelling soil erosion rates under various land use and climate conditions is key to understand the impact of future land management and climate change on land degradation. For the Boljanska Rijeka River Basin (Polimlje, Montenegro), we studied soil erosion processes, using a series of data that are reflecting variations in land use over a period of four decades (1970-2013). The computer-graphic IntErO model was used to calculate soil erosion intensity, taking data of Forest Management Plans, Cadastre, Landsat images and Statistical Yearbooks into account. It was concluded that the condition of the vegetation cover and the land use influenced the development of erosion processes in the river basin. For the current state of land use, calculated maximal outflow from the river basin is 212 m3s-1 and the net soil loss is 8644 m³/year. This indicates that the river basin belongs in „Destruction Category V”, according to the classification system of Gavrilovic. The erosion process is very weak. Change of the land use in structure for the period of four decades (1970-2013), in the studied river basin, decreased the soil erosion intensity by 3.95%. Key words: Soil erosion rates, Runoff, Land use, Modelling, Prediction, IntErO model.

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1. PLANT PRODUCTION

37

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS TO LIMING Ivica ĐALOVIC1, Đorđe JOCKOVIĆ1, Srđan SEREMESIC2, Dragiša MILOŠEV2, Goran DUGALIC3 1

2

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorki, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Sq. D. Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dušana 34, 32 000 Čačak, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Soil acidity is the major growth–limiting factor for more than 40% of the world’s arable land. It is assumed that over 50% of soils in Serbia belong to a group of acid soils and that this percentage is permanently increasing. Species and genotype within species greatly differ in their tolerance to acid reaction and Al toxicity. As the majority of cultivated plants require slightly acid, neutral to alkaline reaction of the soil, a very small number of crops can tolerate an extremely acid reaction and conditions of these types of soils that have been gradually expanding. Six maize hybrids were grown under field conditions on acid soil (pH in 1n KCl = 4.41) in three replicates at the stationary field experiment on the arable land of Kraljevo (pseudogley) for 2– year period (the growing seasons 2007–2008). Fertilization treatments were the following: a = unfertilized (control); b = lime – 3 t ha–1; c = lime – 5 t ha– 1 . In addition to the statistical differences between various hybrids greatest difference in yield was achieved when comparing NS 5010 and NS 6010 approximately 1762 kg ha-1 dry grain. Two–year results, which are used in this study showed that the maize yield was higher in 2008 year which had a favorable agro–meteorological characteristics. Individual highest yield was obtained with hybrid NS 6010 in 2008 year and amounted to 11930 kg ha-1. Genetic adaptation of plants to acid reaction and Al toxicity may provide a sustainable strategy to increase crop yield in the tropics at relatively low costs and low environmental impacts. Key words: soil acidity, liming, maize hybrids.

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IN SITU BREEDING FOR SOIL ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIC*, Sofija PETROVIC, Borislav BANJAC 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Plant breeding programs are mainly settled in breeding institutions accompanied by experimental fields established nearby. Experimental fields are usually organized in favorable agro-technical conditions on a soil as best as possible. That is understandable, because the targets of breeding process, as well, as selection criteria are adjusted for intensive agricultural conditions. However, the increasing demand for food requires all the available resources to be put in good use. In that aspect, the land non-suitable for agricultural production, at the moment, become of certain interest for broadening agricultural potentials. More intensive agricultural use of less productive or degraded soil, involves novel genotypes obtained under adequate selection criteria in specialized breeding programs. The general debate is whether ex situ breeding programs were good enough to meet the challenge or in situ established breeding would be required? Experiences and results from parallel wheat breeding trials on chernozem, and solonetz soil are commented in the article. Key words: wheat, breeding, abiotic stress, soil.

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THE STABILITY PROPERTIES OF WHEAT PRODUCTION ON ACID SOIL Vera ĐEKIC1*, Mirjana STALETIC1, Miodrag JELIC2, Vera POPOVIC3, Snezana BRANKOVIC4 1

Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac, Serbia University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia 3 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 4 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract The investigation was carried out on the experimental field of Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac. This paper presents the results of winter wheat varieties (Takovčanka, KG 100, KG 56S, Ana Morava and Lazarica). Grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and test weight in grain the investigated wheat cultivars was determined in a two-year field experiment. Average grain yield of wheat cultivars ranged from 2.151 t/ha to 4.206 t/ha. Grain yield differed significantly between years and the average of all cultivars was higher in 2006/07. compared to 2005/06. The study of physical properties of grain, cultivar KG 56S had the largest average grain yield in 2005/06th year (2.455 t/ha), while in the second year the highest yield was cultivar Ana Morava (4.206 t/ha). Average values of 1000 grain weight of wheat cultivars varied in the range from 36.26 to 42.58 g. The difference found between the significance of the impact on the quality of grain and test weight of wheat cultivars were significant for grain yield. Analysis of the data revealed that the genotype is very significant impact on the 1000 grain weight. Key words: 1000 grain weight, grain yield, wheat.

40

PRODUCTION OF ANNUAL CARAWAY IN SERBIA Milica ACIMOVIC*, Snezana OLJACA, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Mico OLJACA Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is an aromatic herb of the Apiaceae family. It has two forms: a biennial, which is grown in the colder and humid climates, and annual that is grown in temperate climate. In Serbia is mostly cultivated biennial caraway, which in the first year formed only a leaf rosette, and with the end of the growing season above-ground parts dies and the roots over winter and in the spring of the second year of plant development begins early. After four to five weeks from appearing of first leaves, it started growth of flowering stems. Lack of cultivation of these forms of caraway is that in the first year does not provide benefits but requires investment. Unlike the biennial forms, vegetation period of annual caraway lasts from 140-160 days, it forming a rosette with less leaves, and very quiqly starts to develop flowering stems. For this reason, the aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of growing annual caraway in condition of Serbia. Trials were conducted at three locations in Serbia, during 2011 and 2012. Sowing was carried out during April to row spacing of 35 cm, after germination of plants, thinning plants was carried to obtain 70 plants per meter. From our research, it can be concluded that the yield of annual caraway, weather conditions have a statistically significant impact. In a favorable year (2011) has been achived the average yield of 850 kg ha-1, while in the dry year yield was very reduced (193 kg ha-1). Keywords: annual caraway, yield, weather conditions.

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THE EFFECT OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY ON YIELD STABILITY OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Milan STEVANOVIC*, Zoran CAMDZIJA, Jovan PAVLOV, Milos CREVAR, Nikola GRCIC, Goran STANKOVIC, Snezana MLADENOVICDRINIC Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Nowadays the production of hybrid maize seed is increasingly based on using cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in order to reduce costs of detasseling. Since inbred lines are unstable due to their performance, it is very important to investigate the influence of the specific type of sterility on yield stability. With the aim to analyse the effect of CMS on yield stability, seven maize inbred lines, developed at Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje” were examined in this study. Each of these seven inbreds was investigated in five variants: with normal cytoplasm (N), with C type sterile cytoplasm (CMS-C), the fertile counterpart C (RfC), with S type sterile cytoplasm (CMS-S) and the fertile counterpart S (RfS). The yield was analysed using the method of Eberhart and Russell on the basis of the coefficient of linear regression. The inbred line ZPL-1 was the best ranked within inbreds with N, CMS-S and RfS type of germplasm. Therefore, this inbred line was most stable within the stated genotypes. On the other hand, values closest to one were detected in the inbred line ZPL-6 within the inbreds with CMS-C and RfC germplasm, so this inbred was the most stabile for those two types of cytoplasm. Keywords: maize, yield, cytoplasmic male sterility, inbred lines.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOYBEAN VARIETIES, RHIZOBIA INOCULATION AND SPAD-502 CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS IN WESTERN SIBERIA Insa KUEHLING1*, Bianka HUESING1, Nina BOME2, Dieter TRAUTZ1 1

University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Germany 2 Tyumen State University, Russian Federation *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Due to climate change and an increasing demand for food and fodder, the production of soybeans (Glycine max) in Russia as well as in Western Siberia increases. Within the framework of the interdisciplinary German-Russian project SASCHA a field trial was installed in Kuchak, Western Siberia (Russian Federation) in 2013 to investigate the relationship between soybean varieties, rhizobia inoculation and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings. Within two German and one Siberian variety SPAD values were measured as well as numbers of nodules counted. The plants were grown in two variants (with and without inoculation) in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Only the inoculated varieties developed nodules. The German varieties showed significant higher SPAD meter readings at the latest measurement during mid of seed development. Due to low soil temperatures differences may not have occurred earlier. Keywords: Soybean, inoculation, nodulation, chlorophyll content, nitrogen fixation

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GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD STABILITY OF ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS IN DROUGHT CONDITIONS IN SERBIA Zoran CAMDZIJA*, Jovan PAVLOV, Milan STEVANOVIC, Milos CREVAR, Nikola GRCIC, Snezana MLADENOVIC-DRINIC, Milomir FILIPOVIC Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, Slobodana Bajica 1, 11185 Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected])

Abstract Selection of maize hybrids in Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”(ZP) exists for over 60 years. In this study 12 ZP hybrids from different maturity groups from FAO 300-600 and two foreign hybrids as checks were tested. Macro experiments were set up at 18 locations throughout Serbia during 2012. The past 2012th year was extremely unfavorable for corn production. Besides significant lack of rainfall, grain yield was reduced and affected by the extreme heat during pollination and grain filling period of maize. The average yield on the 18 selected sites was 5.87 t/ha. The highest yield was obtained by ZP 505 (6.39 t/ha). Mid-early and mid-late maturing hybrids have achieved better results on average compared to a long growing season hybrids. The most stable is the new hybrid ZP 427, which showed equally well to both favorable and unfavorable growing conditions. Besides mentioned hybrid, high stability was obtained by hybrid ZP 505. ZP 434 was the most unstable hybrid, which showed significantly better adaptation to poorer growing conditions, as well as hybrids ZP 548 and ZP 555, which also showed unstable, but better adapted to favorable growing conditions. ZP 341 obtained the best perfomance in poor growing conditions. Based on the results of the tests, it is concluded that ZP hybrids had good performance in agroecologicaly unfavorable 2012th year. Mid-early and mid-late maturing hybrids (FAO 300-500) are recomendation for dry areas and years in Serbia, which was concluded by their both, grain yield and stability. Keywords: maize, grain yield, stability preformance, drought.

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EFFECTS OF 1-METHYL-CYCLOPROPENE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERRY FRUIT DURING STORAGE Boris PASALIC, Mirjana ZABIC, Borut BOSANCIC Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This study examined the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on basic physico-chemical characteristics of sweet cherry fruits, ‘Burlat’ cultivar. The fruits were exposed to 1-methylcyclopropene at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm, for 20 hours at 5°C. After treatment, the fruits were stored in the cold room (3°C) with normal atmosphere for 15 days, followed by 5 days storage at room temperature (shelf life). The average fruit weight, fruit firmness and total soluble solids in the fruit juice were determined and compared to the average values of these parameters before treatment. The obtained results indicate that 1-methylcyclopropene has an impact on the studied parameters. Fruit weight loss was the lowest in samples treated with 0.05 ppm 1-MCP and the highest at 0.5 ppm 1-MCP. The average fruit firmness was the lowest in the fruits treated with 0.05 ppm 1-MCP, and the highest in the non-treated fruits. The average value of the soluble solids content in the fruit juice was the lowest in fruits treated with 0.05 ppm, and the highest at 0.1 ppm. Keywords: cherry ‘Burlat’, 1-methylcyclopropene, fruit storage.

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AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZATION AT DURUM WHEAT UNDER CONTRAST CLIMATE CONDITIONES Galia PANAYOTOVA1, Svetla KOSTADINOVA2*, Mladen ALMALIEV2 1

Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Student campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria 2 Agricultural University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, 12 Mendeleev str., Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The agronomic efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization at durum wheat varieties „Progress” was studied in a long-term fertilizing experiment in Institute of field crops – Chirpan, Bulgaria. The investigation was established in two field crops rotation cotton – durum wheat under rain conditions for the period 2005 – 2011. The studied fertilizing systems were: single nitrogen (N) and single phosphorus (P2O5) fertilization in rates 0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg N or P2O5 per hectare, and combined nitrogenphosphorus fertilization in rates: 1). N80P80; N120P80; N160P80; 2). N80P120; N120P120; N160P120; 3). N80P160; N120P160; N160P160. Nitrogen fertilization in the form of NH4NO3 was applied before sowing (1/3 of the rate) and at early spring (2/3 of the rate). The phosphorus fertilization was done before sowing in the form of triple superphosphate. According hydrothermal conditions during the wheat vegetation three of the experimental years (2005, 2007 and 2009) were classified as dry and hot. The hydrothermal conditions of the three other experimental years were close to the long term average norms of temperature and rainfall for the region. It was established that climate conditions during the growing season were the key determinant factor for the agronomic efficiency for nitrogen in wheat. Maximum value of 27.6 kg grain kg N-1 was obtained when nitrogen N80 was combined with P80. Agronomic efficiency for phosphorus was significantly lower than AEN. Appling of phosphorus alone in rates higher than 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 was inefficient at durum wheat, apart from the low content of available phosphates in the soil. Keywords: agronomic efficiency, fertilizing, durum wheat.

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PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM AVAILABILITY CHANGE BY LIMING OF ACID SOILS Krunoslav KARALIC*, Zdenko LONCARIC, Brigita POPOVIC, Vladimir IVEZIC University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Faculty of agriculture in Osijek, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, Osijek, Croatia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Soil acidification results with the chemical changes in soil, especially with availability changes of P, K, Ca, Mg, essential and potentially toxic heavy metals. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of acid soils liming to phosphorus and potassium availabilty change and to determine plant response. Liming and fertilization pot experiment of alfalfa cultivation on acid soils was sat up with two types of acid soils with different texture, Silt loam (SiL) and Silty clay loam (SiCL) in a year 2009 and 2010. Ten liming and fertilization treatments were applied in four repetitions. Soil was sampled and analysed after first and second year of investigation and plant material was sampled in three cuttings at the beginning of blooming stage in each year and analysed. Results showed significant increase of soil pH values impacted by liming treatments. Soil pH increment by liming significantly increased phosphorus availability from 1,8 till 4,9 mg/kg per t/ha CaCO3 and potassium availability from 1.3 till 1.5 mg/kg per t/ha CaCO3 in both soils. Mineral and organic fertilization resulted with the same trend and expectedly raised phosphorus and potassium availability in soil. Furthermore, liming as well as mineral and organic fertilizer rates impacted on phosphorus and potassium concentrations increment in alfalfa leaf and stalk. Concentration increment in leaf dry matter was increased by liming from 31.1% till 38.5% for phosphorus and 20,2 % till 35.8% for potassium. Significant increment of phosphorus and potassium concentration was recorded for alfalfa stalk as well. Therefore, liming significantly increased phosphorus and potassium availability in the soil and their transfer into aboveground plant organs. Key words: acid soils, liming, soil availability, plant concentrations.

47

THE EFFECT OF REGALIS CONCENTRATION ON THE SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR VARIETY PASSE CRASSANE Maxhun SHEHAJ1*, Petrit RAMAJ2, Bari HODAJ2 1

*NOA, Kosovo Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania (Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract The effect of Regalis (Prohexadione Calcium) on shoot growth was evaluated on pear variety Passe Crassane. Three different doses of Prohexadione Calcium were applied: 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm. Treatments were compared with control without treatments. 4 foliar treatments were applied with the first one 5 days after petal fall and the others every 10 days after. Significant differences between the control and the treatments were observed. Final shoot length was generally reduced by treatments by 14.5% to 22% as compared to untreated trees. The length of the shoots was not significantly different between 50 ppm and 100 ppm. Keywords: Regalis, pear, shoot length.

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GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF WHEAT MEAN PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY AT DIVERSE LOCATIONS IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Mensur KAMBERI1, Dane BOSHEV2*, Mirjana JANKULOVSKA2, Sonja IVANOVSKA2, Irfan AZEMOV1, Xhezair IDRIZI3, Ljupcho JANKULOSKI2, Biljana KUZMANOVSKA2 1

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, UKIM, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 3 Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition in Gostivar, SUT, Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia *(corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Wheat is the most important cereal crop in Republic of Macedonia. Development of genotypes that will have high grain yield with stable performance in different growing conditions is of paramount importance. The objective of this research was to evaluate and to quantify the magnitude of the genotype x environment interaction effects on wheat grain yield and to determine the winning genotype for the test locations. Ten wheat genotypes were tested at three locations (Skopje, Strumica and Prilep) for two years (2006 and 2007). The grain yield data for each location were subjected to the GGE biplot analysis. This analysis depicted the adaptation pattern of genotypes at different locations and discrimination ability of testing locations. Out of the three locations, Prilep was identified as the most discriminative and representative location. The genotype Bt 04-073 had the highest overall mean yield, and an average stability over different locations. In each location, Radika and Bt 04-073 were the closest to the “ideal” genotype, followed by Bt 04-024. Those genotypes can be recommended for production in wheat growing regions in Republic of Macedonia. Keywords: wheat, genotype x environment interaction, GGE biplot, grain yield, stability analysis.

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MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF SOME OPIUM POPPY GENOTYPES (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) Mirjana JANKULOVSKA1*, Sonja IVANOVSKA1, Gjoshe STEFKOV2, Jelena ACEVSKA2, Dane BOSHEV1, Ljupcho JANKULOSKI1 1

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, UKIM, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 Faculty of Farmacy, UKIM, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *(corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Cluster analysis using qualitative variables is a useful tool in estimating genetic diversity between genotypes in a germplasm collection. The objective of this study was to classify opium poppy genotypes based on several morpho-qualitative traits of the flowers, capsules and seed. The collection of 50 poppy genotypes with different origin was evaluated in 2010, on experimental field near Skopje. The classification of the genotypes was done based on Gower distance and the dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA method. Two main clusters were identified, each comprising different number of subgroups. All genotypes with white petal color were grouped in the second cluster. Genotypes with colored petals belonged to the first cluster. The origin of the genotypes had no influence on the classification. The results of this study enabled clear overview of the morphological diversity identified in the studied germplasm. Key words: opium poppy, morphological diversity, qualitative traits, cluster analysis.

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THE PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS ON BLACK MAGIC TABLE GRAPE VARIETY, GROWING IN THE TIKVESˈS VINEYARD, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Violeta DIMOVSKA1*, Klime BELESKI2, Krum BOSKOV3,Violeta IVANOVA1, Fidanka ILIEVA1 1

2

University "Goce Delcev", Faculty of agriculture, 2000 Štip, Republic of Macedonia University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Institute of agriculture, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 3 University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty for agriculture sciences and food, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Table grape variety Black Magic was introduced in Republic of Macedonia in 2000. The variety is grown in the Tikveš vineyard area at 1.0 ha surface, on high cordon with trick system of irrigation. During the period of 20072009 Black Magic was studied including the following parameters: amount of harvested grape (total and packed), dimension and shape of cluster and berry, mechanical properties of berry (breaking resistance and resistance of pressure) and chemical content of must (content of sugar and total acids). On the base of obtained results, it was found that Black Magic variety had a high stability with no significant variation during the period of study. Thus, the average yield was 5.6 kg/vine, the cluster had average weight of 369 g and the berry 5.5 g. Furthermore, the berry had a high resistance of pressure (2.715 g) and high breaking resistance (811 g). In the period examined, the average content of sugar in the grape must was 126 g/L and total acids 5.0 g/L. Keywords: Black Magic, cluster, berry, mechanical properties, sugar, total acids.

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INFLUENCE OF CROP SEQUENCE AND WEEDS ON MAIZE HEIGHT AND GRAIN YIELD Igor SPASOJEVIC1*, Milena SIMIC1, Dusan KOVACEVIC2, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC2, Vesna DRAGICEVIC1, Milan BRANKOV1 1

2

Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The effect of two crop sequences: maize monoculture (MM), as old cropping system and maize-soybean-wheat crop sequence (MSW), as newer cropping system, was examined on plant height and maize grain yield. Both sequences had weed treatments: weed removal (B1) and weedy check (B2). Experiment was set up 2009 on experimental field of Maize Research Institute on calcareous chernozem soil type. After finishing first crop sequence (maize, soybean and wheat) maize height and grain yield were compared in monoculture and maize-soybean-wheat crop sequence. In 2009, plant height and achieved grain yield had equal values in all treatments, as it was expected. In 2012, plants were higher in three crop rotation, for 16.3 cm (B1) and 23.6 cm (B2), then in monoculture. Maize grain yield was also higher in three crop rotation than in monoculture: in weedy check (B2) grain yield was higher 1.53 t/ha and in treatment with weed removal (B1) 1.49 t/ha. Based on LSD test, all these differences were significant except difference in yield between monoculture (MM) and three crop rotation (MSW) in treatment with weed removal (B1). With respect to obtained results, it can be concluded that three crop rotation affected much more maize height and grain yield then it was present in monoculture. Key words: maize, monoculture, three crop rotation, weeds and yield.

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EFFECTS OF FERTILISING SYSTEMS ON MAIZE PRODUCTION IN LONG-TERM MONOCULTURE Milena SIMIC1*, Vesna DRAGICEVIC1, Igor SPASOJEVIC1, Dusan KOVACEVIC2, Milan BRANKOV1, Zivota JOVANOVIC1 1

2

Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Maize monoculture is still present in Serbia and usually increases weed and pest infestation and decreases yield. It can also deteriorate physico-chemical and biological properties of soil. The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of an applied fertiliser system in long-term maize monoculture on soil properties and yield. The experiment was set up at the Maize Research Institute (MRI), Zemun Polje, in 1972 and since then, the late maturing maize hybrid ZPSC 684 Ultra was continuously grown in the same field with the application of cattle manure each fifth year. The crop residues were ploughed down in the whole and half of the amount, and they were removed from the third variant. The mineral fertiliser application included three variants: without mineral fertilisers, the application of NPK fertiliser in autumn and of N in spring, and the application of only N fertiliser in spring. The content of N, P and K and organic matter in the soil was evaluated twice per maize growing season - at the beginning and at the harvest time, during the last two seasons - 2011 and 2012. The maize grain yield was evaluated and calculated at 14% moisture. Crop residues increased the N, P, K and organic matter contents in the soil especially in the variant without application of cattle manure. In both years, the highest average maize yield was achieved with the application of cattle manure, whole amount of crop residues, and N fertiliser distributed over the soil surface at the beginning of the growing period. Nevertheless, although the late maturing hybrid potential and fertiliser rates were high in the maize monoculture, the highest yield amounted to not more than 10.4 t/ha. This underlines the importance of all cropping practices (crop rotation, fertilization, and hybrid type), their interaction and integrated effects on maize production. Key words: monoculture, maize, fertilisers, soil properties, yield quality.

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IMPACT OF LAETIPORUS SULPHUREUS (BULL. EX FR.) MURRILL ON DESTRUCTION OF OAK WOOD Miroslava MARKOVIC, Aleksandar LUCIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Samples for the research have been taken from the heart wood zone of a sound tree of Quercus petraea agg. from the area of East Serbia, from association Quercetum montanum (Cer. et Jov., 1953). In the periods of 2, 4 and 6 months, the samples have been exposed to the impact of the mycelia of the brown rot fungus on oak tree: Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) Murrill (Sulphur Polypore). In order to determine the effect of L. sulphureus on decrease of the properties of oak wood, the following has been investigated: wood mass loss and hardness (according to Brinell). It has been concluded that mass loss of Q. petraea agg. wood under the impact of the fungus L. sulphureus after for 2, 4 and 6 months have been 0.90, 1.66 and 4.29% respectively. The hardness of the wood of Q. petraea agg. under the impact of L. sulphureus after 2, 4 and 6 months decreased to 96.44, 91.74 and 41.00%. In addition to separately displayed comparative review of the loss of mechanical properties in relation to mass loss, depending upon the duration of the impact of L. sulphureus, based on the review, the respective percentages of hardness of wood of Q. petraea agg. have been determined for the recorded mass losses in the period after 2, 4 and 6 months. Key words: Laetiporus sulphureus, hardness; wood properties.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THREE MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF A PEAR BORDER Snezana MATIC-KEKIC*, Nebojsa DEDOVIC 1

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Lecture desk of Mathematics, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad Serbia * (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Various factors have influence on the growth and development of biomaterials. Consequently, shape variability is very important and should be examined. In many processes of heat exchange, as well as in other processes in bio-material handling, the physical properties of a fruit such as dimensions, shape, surface area and volume play significant role. The purpose of this study is to find a function which approximates a pear border line as precisely as possible. One type of estimation of an average pear border line was relying on the sixth order polynomial and proposed algorithm. Also, another two different ways of calculating the Williams pear border line were shown earlier. The first one included spline functions for an estimation of a pear border line, while the second way used regression function obtained by the nonlinear regression method. The regression function had two independent variables, the length and total length of a pear. Border lines of all pears in the sample were fitted with one regression function with large precision (R2=97.48). The surface area and volume of a pear were calculated based on the regression function and total pear length. In this paper, it is compared three different ways of pear border line calculation. Key words: shape variability, integral calculus, cubic spline, nonlinear regression.

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GENETIC VARIATION OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS IN GRAIN OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Snezana MLADENOVIC-DRINIC1*, Vesna DRAGICEVIC1, Milomir FILIPOVIC1, Milovan STOJILJKOVIC2 , Zoran CAMDZIJA1, Domagoj SIMIC3, Dragan KOVACEVIC1 1

Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Agricultural institute, Osijek, Croatia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In any breeding program, germplasm screening for a trait of interest is an important first step to genetic improvement. In the case of biofortification, nutritional breeding also starts with assembly of parental germplasm for crosses based on the evaluation of a large amount of genetic material. The objective of this work was studying the variability of macro and microelements in grain of 74 maize inbreed lines. The highest protein content had lines from European germplasm and the lowest line of the Lancaster heterotic group. Lines from the BSSS group had the lowest oil content and the lines of Lancaster heterotic group the highest. Starch content was highest in lines from Lancaster heterotic group and lowest in the lines of European germplasm. The highest average concentration of Mg, Fe and P had inbred lines from European germplasm while inbred lines from BSSS germplasm had the highest Zn concentration. Lines from BSSS had the lowest average Mg and Fe content as well as lines from Lancester germplasm had the lowest Zn and P content. Key words: maize, macroelements, microelements, inbred lines.

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SPIKE TRAITS VARIABILITY IN WHEAT GROWN ON SOLONETZ AND HUMOGLEY Sofija PETROVIC*, Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIC, Borislav BANJAC Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The utilization of less productive soil could be one of the ways to enhance food production. That kind of soil under amelioration and suitable cultivar could give economically sound results. Wheat, being a durable cultivar could be used for agricultural production in less productive soil conditions. Moreover, single plant trait variability became increasingly important in abiotic stress conditions. A phenotypic variability for spike parameters was studied in trial established on two soil types – humogley and solonetz. Humogley exhibits less favorable water-physical properties, while solonetz represents sodium reach, alkaline soils with a subsurface clay horizon. Familiarization with wheat plant behavior in those agro-ecological conditions could be of help for special purposes wheat breeding or selection of suitable wheat varieties among existing genetic variability. Key words: wheat, solonetz, humogley, spike traits.

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OLIVE MULTIPLICATION IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF MERISTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT Hairi ISMAILI¹*, Belul GIXHARI¹, Hajdar KUÇI² ¹Agricultural University of Tirana, Gene Bank, Albania ²Department of Agriculture and Food, Tirana, Albania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The object of this research is propagation through green macro explants derived from the apical segment of the sprig in the variety “Kaninjot, Mixan, Bllanic and Himara. The parts were treated with Indole-3 Butyric Acid, 1gl¯¹, 3gl¯¹, 5gl¯¹ and Control in four phases of the meristematic development; February (½ asleep), May (active), September (active) and December (asleep). Thermal regimes 24ºC/18⁰C (±1 ºC), the mist technique was applied according to Photo synthetically Active Radiation 5 sec/11-13 k.kal/cm². After 70 days, the percentage of rooting of studied cultivars varies from 23 to 90%. The two IBA dosages have not affected rooting in the same way within each period. IBA at 3 g l¯¹ and 5g l¯¹ gave high rooting percentages for Kaninjot and Mixan cultivars. At high cambial activity, the IBA concentration of 3g l¯¹ resulted more effective; whereas under conditions of low cambial activity, high IBA concentrations yielded better results. At active vegetation stage the IBA in high concentrations shows inhibitory and toxic effect. The concentration of 1gl¯¹, had weak reactions and was inefficient. The control gave low rooting percentage and with significantly highlighted changes compared to IBA treatments. Cultivars have their highest endogenous rhizogenic capacity in May and September, period which corresponds to the active cambium activity. Defoliation has varied between 8.3 and 14.1%. The presence of the leaves has been a stimulating factor for rooting (r²=0.93). The number of roots has increased in parallel with the increase of concentration, (r²=072). Keywords: Olive, cultivars., mist-propagation, explants, hidrooalcoolic, culture.

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EFFECT OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON GRAIN YIELD IN SOME GENOTYPES OF BUCKWHEAT Vesna MILIC1, Branka GOVEDARICA1, Milana SILJ1, Sinisa BERJAN1, Zoran JOVOVIC2 1

University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Montenegro, Biotechnical faculty, Montenegro *(Corresponding author: [email protected]).

Abstract Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an important field crop in our mountainous areas. It has long been neglected, but more recently, the area under buckwheat has increased. There is no official data on the areas where buckwheat is grown, or what are its average yields in Republic of Srpska. In the two-year period, our research has included four varieties of buckwheat (Gray, Darya, Bednja and Novi Sad) at two sites (Sarajevo and Sokolac). On the basis of the survey, data confirms the hypothesis that the buckwheat plant is suited to more humid regions, because of the higher yield at the sites and years that were richer with precipitation. Year 2012 was with unfavorable sum and distribution of precipitation and high air temperatures which resulted in average yield and other quality characteristics of the tested varieties of buckwheat. Varieties Darya and Bednja in extreme conditions achieved the same average yields. In both years of testing these varieties had significantly higher yields compared with gray and Novi Sad varieties of buckwheat. Key words: buckwheat, variety, temperature, precipitations, yield.

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EVALUATION OF FRENCH APRICOT CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE Dragan MILATOVIC*, Dejan ĐUROVIC, Gordan ZEC Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The evaluation of 10 introduced apricot cultivars of French origin was carried out in the region of Belgrade over a period of four years (2009-2012). Control cultivar for comparison was ‘Hungarian Best’. Average time of flowering was late March and early April, while average time of maturing ranged from June, 26 (‘Sylred’) to July, 15 (‘Helena du Roussillon’), or from 7 days before to 12 days after the ‘Hungarian Best’. Compared with the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was achieved in five cultivars: ‘Sylred’, ‘Bergeron’, ‘Pinkcot’, ‘Silvercot’, and ‘Bergarouge’, while significantly higher fruit weight was found in four cultivars: ‘Silvercot’, ‘Sylred’, ‘Polonais’, and ‘Bergeron’. Among studied cultivars, the best results were shown by ‘Sylred’, ‘Silvercot’ and ‘Pinkcot’, which can be recommended for growing in this region, predominantly for fresh consumption. ‘Bergeron’ and ‘Bergarouge’ can also be recommended as cultivars of combined traits, both for fresh consumption and processing. Key words: Prunus armeniaca, flowering, maturing, yield, fruit quality.

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EFFECTS OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON MAIZE INBRED LINES Milan BRANKOV1*, Milena SIMIC1, Sava VRBNICANIN2, Vesna DRAGICEVIC1, Igor SPASOJEVIC1 1

Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje “Beograd-Zemun, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Crop fertilization is one of the most important cropping practises. Fertilisation provides optimal plant growth and development. Foliar fertilizing enables rapid absorption and quick plant response to applied fertilizer. Foliar fertilizing also can contain microelements and amino acid. The aim of this study was to examine effect of two foliar fertilizers (formulation: 12:4:6+0.2MgO+ME+AA and 10:40:10+4MgO+ME) on five maize inbred lines. The first fertilizer was applied at the 5-6 leaf stage of maize, while second in 11-12 leaf stage. Influence of foliar fertilizers was examined on fresh matter at 48h, 21 day after application and in flowering stages and on grain yield. Application of foliar fertilizers increase fresh matter in maize lines in all examined stages compared to control. The greatest differences in fresh matter were recorded for 21 days after application of foliar fertilizers compared to control. Foliar fertilizers also increased grain yield of maize lines. Although both fertilizers significantly increased fresh matter and grain yield, the first fertilizer (12:4:6+0.2MgO+ME+AA) shows as better than the other tested fertilizer. Key words: maize inbred lines, foliar fertilizers.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL MEADOWS AND PASTURES IN PEŠTER Desimir KNEZEVIC1, Sretenka MARKOVIC2, Dimitrije MARKOVIC2, Slaven PRODANOVIC3, Savo VUCKOVIC3 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Beograd, Nemanjina 6, Zemun-Beograd, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract The phytocenological composition is estimated on grasslands of hillymountain area of Pešter (vicinity of Sjenica). Meadows and pastures in this area are developed on the forest land based on stone with feldspat and silicate. On the geological base of nonorganic sediments, sandstone, gravels and clays and seldom philites are developed different associations. During the study, there are identified 124 different plant species which belong to different plant life form and different associations. Investigation were carried out from May to August, 2012. In this region prevail natural pasturelands distributed on large plateau located approximately 1200m above the sea level on the acid soil type pseudogleys, luvisol. Large area is used for grazing and meadow area near the villages. It is exploited for hay production and after that used for grazing. These natural grasslands exist without application of scientific farming technology measures. In these successive inventories of lands are registered floristic associations and identified individual plant species. Investigation showed different floristic elements and phytocenological associations on meadow and pastures. Key words: Floristic diversity, meadow, pasture, mountain.

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WEED SPECIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC SWEET CHERRY PRODUCTION IN ISPARTA (EGIRDIR) PROVINCE M. Selçuk BAŞARAN, Ayşe ÖZDEM* *

Plant Production Central Research Institute 06172 Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This study was conducted in 2003, 2004 and 2005 in Isparta (Egirdir) province in Turkey. Organic agriculture and IPM (Integrated Pest Management) implementations were applied in sweet cherry orchards where are determined the main weed species and density of annual and perennial weeds. Control methods were applied against weeds. The studies on IPM orchard were carried out in order to compare it with organic orchard. Based on the results of surveys, Sorghum halepense, Cuscuta campestris, Lactuca serriola, Trifolium sp., Polygonum convolvulus, Cynanchum acutum, Cirsium arvense and Veronica hederifolia. Sorghum halepense, Cuscuta campestris, Lactuca serriola and Trifolium sp. were the most frequently observed weeds species in organic orchard. Cynodon dactylon, Convolvulus arvensis, and Cynanchum acutum were the most frequently determined weed species in IPM orchard. In organic and IPM orchard were found perennial weeds which are difficult to control. For the control of perennial weeds, deep tillage was applied and their roots were removed from soil. Annual weeds were controlled by hand picking and tillage. Although in organic orchard was performed tillage to control perennial weeds, this application was not sufficient and in addition is applied mowing twice and digging in some years. These activities were enough to control weeds in organic cherry orchard. Same activities were done in order to control weeds in IPM orchard. None herbicide was applied to weed control in IPM orchard, because sweet cherry trees were under 4 years. Keywords: Egirdir, sweet cherry, weed, organic, control.

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COMPOSTED POSIDONIA, CHICKEN MANURE AND OLIVE MILL RESIDUES, AN ALTERNATIVE TO PEAT AS SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWING MEDIA IN TUNISIAN NURSERY? Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA*, Hassiba FREJ, Cherif HANACHI UR: 13 AGR 07- Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem-Tunisia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In order to reduce the peat use in Tunisian nurseries, authors tested new types of composts for seed germination and seedling growth of tomato. These composts were made at three different combinations from Posidonia (Posidonia oceanica), chicken manure and solid fraction of olive mill residues. These wastes are abundant and therefore considered as a pollution source in Tunisia. Tomato seeds were sown in potting media containing mixtures of three composts (C1, C2 and C3) and peat at increasing ratios (10%, 30% and 50% v/v). Control potting media was consisted of using 100% peat. Weekly and during five weeks the percentage seed germination and the seedling length were studied. At the end of the experiment, shoot and root dry matter weights were measured. Toxicity test of compost extracts was conducted on tomato and radish seeds. The results showed higher seeds germination and seedling growth rates in the media containing the three composts comparing to control. Toxicity test showed that compost extracts were not toxic. The tested composts might be used as an alternative to peat and the mixtures compost-peat as a growing media for tomato. Keywords: Compost, Posidonia oceanica, Chicken Manure, Solid Fraction of Olive Mill Residues, Growth.

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EFFECT OF ACID SOILS FERTILIZATION ON MORFOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRITICALE Milan BIBERDZIC1*, Miodrag JELIC1, Goran MAKSIMOVIC1, Sasa BARAC1, Svetomir STAMENKOVIC1, Dragana LALEVIC1 1

University in Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička bb, 38232 Lešak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This paper presents the results of some morphological and productive characteristics of two triticale cultivars depending on fertilization systems of acid soils. The experiment included three different fertilizer rates and two triticale cultivars (KG-20 and Tango). The I variant of fertilization included NPK 80:80:60 combinations, II variant is a combination of nutrients and had 80:100:60, and the III variant with NPK fertilizer 80:80:60 had added 4 t ha-1 of lime fertilizer “Njival Ca” and 20 t ha-1 of manure. With the use of mineral fertilizers with a higher dose of phosphorus, as well as a combination of mineral fertilizers with lime and organic fertilizers, there was a significant increase in all morphological and productive characteristics of triticale. The highest yield of both cultivars was achieved with the one that had a combination of mineral, lime and organic fertilizers. The yield of cultivar Tango in that variant was 7.41 t ha-1, and cultivar KG-20 6.68 t ha-1 This yield was significantly higher than the yield achieved in the variant I, where was applied mineral fertilizer 80:80:60. Statistically, there were no significant differences in grain yield between variants I and II, and between II and III. Also, differences were apparent between cultivars. Plant height, spike`s length, absolute grain mass, hectoliter grain mass and grain yield were higher in Tango cultivar in relation to the cultivar of KG-20. Key words: triticale, fertilization, absolute mass, hectoliter mass and yield.

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GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TRITICALE ON AN ACID SOIL DEPENDING ON MINERAL FERTILISATION AND LIMING Milomirka MADIC1, Dragan ĐUROVIC1, Goran MARKOVIC1, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC1, Miodrag JELIC2,Desimir KNEZEVIC2 1

University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Serbia 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, University of Priština, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract A field experiment with triticale cvs. ’Tango’, ’KG-20’ and ’Odyssey’ was established on a pseudogley (gleysol) in 2010/11 and 2011/12 to evaluate the effect of different rates of mineral fertilisers and lime on grain yield and yield components. Mineral fertilisation and liming led to a significant increase in grain yield components, notably grain number and grain weight per spike, thus resulting in increased grain yields in fertilised treatments. Liming gave a higher grain yield as compared to the increased P rate, mostly due to P immobilisation in the highly acidic environment. Growing triticale on very acid soils should involve liming, if considered economically feasible, to increase soil pH above the suboptimal level (pH 5.0) for the realisation of its yield potential. Keywords: triticale, grain yield, mineral fertilisation, liming, acid soils.

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THE EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE OF THE MAIZE HYBRIDS Nikollaq BARDHI1, SOTA2, Agim RAMETA3, Qatip DODA4, Nefrus ÇELIKU5, Dilaman NELAJ6 1

Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 2 Scientific research activity, Albania 3 Agriculture and Food Department of Durrësi prefecture, Albania 4 Agriculture and Food Department of Dibra prefecture, Albania 5 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Republic of Macedonia 6 Agriculture and Food Department of Kukes prefecture, Albania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The maize is the most prevalent crop in the world. It is considered as a green mine, because in a short time (100-135 days), it gives a dry mass production (grain and green mass), that can’t be completed by any other plant. It has high and diverse values of use. Studies of maize plants are numerous, and they continue for different aspects: genetics, breeding, improving of technological parameters and its processing. Study of hybrids and their suitability in an area and micro-area constitutes a permanent field of study to increase the maize production and improving its quality. Based on this principle, a study of ten maize hybrids in western coastal plains of Albania, and specifically in Toshkëz-Lushnja is undertaken. For the hybrids under study (from Italy, Serbia, Albania), production indicators (number of rows, number of grains in row and ear, production per plant and grain yield) were evaluated. Yield and yield components were evaluated for ten maize hybrids orginated from Italy, Serbia and Albania. Keywords: Maize, hybrid, morphology, yeld components, yield.

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PRODUCTION AND BIO-ACTIVE POTENTIAL OF OLD TOMATO CULTIVARS ORIGINATING FROM FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Josip COTA1, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC2, Milan ZDRAVKOVIC2, Jelena COTA3, Omer KURTOVIC1, Dubravka REBAC1 1

Federal Office for Agriculture, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Two old tomato cultivars (Sarajevski jabucar and Novosadski jabucar) have been studied for the production and bio-active potential. Investigation was performed in Burmir, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research included fruit weight and the yield of the fresh fruits per hectare. Lycopene was found in fresh fruits both in physiological and technological maturity. Fruit weight was significantly higher for Sarajevski jabucar than for Novosadski jabucar. Lycopene level in Sarajevski jabucar in physiological maturity was from 6.20 to 9.95, and in technological from 8.35 to 13.60 mg per 100 grams of fruit. Old varieties that have become domestic in the Balkan belong to genotypes rich in lycopene. The production potential was at the satisfactory level in some growing areas. Keywords: tomato, old varieties, yield, level of bioactive matters.

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YIELD AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TWO NEW ONION VARIETIES FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Josip COTA1*, Jelica GVOZDANOVIC-VARGA2, Azra HADŽIC3, Anamarija PETROVIC2, Edita SARAIC1, Aleksandra SAVIC2, Jelena COTA4 1

Federal Department of Agriculture, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 3University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Onions are grown for a variety of purposes. The purpose of the production determines the choice of variety and growing technology. In this paper, the Federal Institute for Agriculture in Sarajevo introduces two new varietiesKonjica’s and Zenica's onion. The new varieties are specially developed for production from onion sets to suit the environmental conditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper evaluates the new varieties production characteristics and their bulb mineral composition, tested in Butmir (Sarajevo municipality) over 2009 and 2010 with the Stuttgarter cultivar used as a standard. The new varieties are medium late, the plants are well developed and have erect leaves that are dark green in color and have a pronounced waxy coating. The new onion varieties significantly out-yielded the standard cultivar. Over two years, Konjica's onion yielded 30.68 t ha-1 on average (51% more than Stuttgarter cultivar), while Zenica's onion yielded 24.83 t ha1 on average, 21% more than the standard cultivar. The mean concentrations of trace element in the bulbs of the new varieties were in the order: Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu indicating onions from Bosnia and Herzegovina as a good source of various vitamins and minerals important to maintain human health. Keywords: onion varieties, yield, mineral composition.

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POMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF „GALA“ APPLE CLONES IN THE REGION OF SARAJEVO Mirko KULINA1, Boško GACESA2, Mirjana STOJANOVIC1*, Zlatka ALIC– DŽANOVIC2 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Federal Department of Agriculture, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The paper presents results of two–years study of some pomological properties of four clones of apple cultivar ‘Gala’ (‘Mondial Gala® Mitchgla’, ‘Gala Schniga® SchniCo(s)’, ‘Gala Must®’,‘Galaxy’). The research was carried out in the apple orchard for cultivar testing of Federal Bureau of Agriculture of Bosnia and Herzegovina and included the phenological characteristics, physical characteristics of the fruit and yield. The obtained results have confirmed that agro – environmental conditions of Sarajevo are favorable for growing the above – mentioned clones. All four of ‘Gala’ apple clones has shown good physical properties of the fruit and they can be recommended for commercial growing in the region of Sarajevo. These cultivars may greatly contribute to the advancement of Bosnia and Herzegovina apple assortment. Key words: apple, clones, ‘Gala’, pomological properties.

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FIRST RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL PROPAGATION OF WALNUT (J. REGIA L.) IN BULGARIA BY THE HOT CALLUS METHOD, USING HOT WATER INSTALLATION Stefan GANDEV Fruit Growing Institute, 12, Ostromila, BG - 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The experiment was carried out at the Fruit-Growing Institute – Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The principles of the hot callus method of walnut propagation were applied. A hot water installation was built for maintaining a temperature of 27oC (± 1oC) at the place of grafting. The installation comprised of a boiler, a pump, metal tunnels with doors, soil heating pipes, valves, etc. The principles of the installation and the elements of the technological process were described. The results showed that successfully propagated walnut plants were obtained by applying the hot water installation. The percentage of the successfully propagated plants was 70.0%when cool-stored scions were used and 82.0% when using unstored scions. It was concluded that the hot water installation could be applied in practice. Key words: walnut (J. regia L.), propagation, hot callus, hot water installation.

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PREDATORS OF ROSY APPLE APHYD, (DYSAPHIS PLANTAGINEA) PASS., (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN BULGARIAN APPLE ORCHARDS Veselin ARNAUDOV1, Svilen RAIKOV2, Rosica DAVIDOVA2, Hristo HRISTOV2 1

2

Fruit Growing Institute, 12 Ostromila Str., 4004 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Shumen University, 115, Universitetska Str., 9712 Shumen, Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The presence of predators associated with Rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, (Pass.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) was surveyed in two apple orchards in two different ecological regions in Bulgaria during 2012. In the colonies of D. plantaginea in both orchards were found 18 predatory species belonging to respective orders Coleoptera – 5 (Coccinellidae 4, Cantharidae 1), Diptera – 4 (Syrphidae 3, Cecidomyiidae 1), Hemiptera – 4 (Anthocoridae 3, Miridae 1), Neuroptera – 4 (Chrysopidae 4), Dermaptera – 1 (Forficulidae 1). Some of the most frequent predators in this research were Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syphidae) and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rond.) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In April, when the colonies of D. plantaginea were small in numbers, syrphid eggs and larvae were mostly found and less often ladybird eggs and larvae. Other predators such as Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabr.), Orius minutus (L.) and Orius majusculus (Rt.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Deraeocoris ruber (L.) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Chrysopa carnea (Steph.), Ch. septempunctata (Wesm.), Ch. perla (L.) and Ch. prasina (Burm.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Forficula auricularia (L.) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Cantharis fusca (L.) (Coleoptera: Cantharididae) were also observed to feed in the colonies of D. plantaginea. Although these predators are considered to play an important role in the regulation of aphid populations, they did not prevent D. plantaginea damage that affected up to 45 % of the terminals in one orchard and up to 43 % in another. Some possible causes for this ineffectiveness are discussed. Key words: Bulgaria, Rosy apple aphid, aphidophagous, biological control.

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POSTHARVEST EVALUATION OF CUT "WHITE SIM" CARNATION FLOWERS Esmaeil CHAMANI*, Leyla KESHAVARZI, Rahim GHADERI, Hassan Maleki LAJAYER Horticultural Department, Agricultural Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Two separated experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles, methanol extract of Crambe orientalis L. plant, S-carvone, Salisylic acid, Humic acid, Silver thiosulphate and ethylene on longevity and some quality characteristics of cut ‘White Sime’ carnation flowers (Matthiola incana) based on completely randomized design with 5 replication. These experiments were carried out in postharvest laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2011. The results of first experiment showed that ethylene reduced the vase life of flowers and STS at all concentrations blocked the ethylene effects and increased the longevity of carnation flowers. In second expriment, STS and nano-silver increased flower vase life, while Humic acid, S-carvon and Crambe orientalis L. extracts did not influence longevity of cut carnation flowers. However, the higher levels of Crambe orientalis L. extract positively influenced the RFW of flowers. The results also showed that flowers subjected to 0.25 and 0.5 mM of STS maintained solution uptake until the last day of experiment and showed higher rate compared to control and other treatments. Moreover, the lower concentration of STS was more efficient than higher ones even in flower subjected with 10 and 100 µl l-1 of ethylene. Keywords: Fresh weight, Longevity, Postharvest, Solution uptake.

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THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT ELYMUS HISPIDUS ACCESSIONS IN DRYLAND REGIONS Mehrnaz RIASAT1*, Ali Ashraf JAFARI2, Azizollah KAMALZADEH3 1

Scientific Board Member of Agriculture and Natural Researches Center of Fars Province, Iran 2 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Iran 3 Research Institute of Animal Sciences, Iran *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Planting suitable species of forages can be a proper way to overcome feed shortages. For measuring the forage yield and quality traits of Elymus hispidus, 19 accessions of this plant were sown using randomized complete block design (RCBD) under dry land farming system. The 19 genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters based on Ward cluster analysis method. Collected data were analyzed for DM, plant height, stem number, leaf to stem ratio (LSR), dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ash. The results showed significant differences between genotypes for all of traits except LSR, CP and ash. Four genotypes (Khosh Yeelagh, Patava, Sabzkoh and Mimand) with average values of 4034, 3068, 2942 and 2450 kg ha-1 had higher yield, respectively. Two genotypes (Khosh Yeelagh and Mimand) had higher quality and in terms of both yield and quality recognized as the best genotypes. There was positive correlation between DM with plant height and stem number. DMD showed positive and negative correlation with WSC and ADF, respectively. The relationship between CP and total ash was positively significant. The principal component analysis used to show variation between five quality traits (DMD, WSC, CP, ADF and ash). In the first component, four quality traits (DMD, WSC, CP, and ADF) determined about 76% of the total variations. Whereas DM yield and stem number were the important traits in the second components. The results showed that some genotypes of Elymus hispidus can adapt well to local climate conditions in dry regions. Key words: Elymus hispidus, yield, quality, dry land, farming system.

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THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON TOMATO LEAVES CHEMICAL CONTENT GROWN IN PROTECTED SPACES Marina Todor STOJANOVA1*, Svetla KOSTADINOVA2, I. IVANOVSKI1, Srebra I. POPOVA1 1

Faculty of agricultural sciences and food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 Agricultural University, Dep. Agrochemistry and Soil Science – Plovdiv, Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract It was examined the impact of foliar fertilization with mineral fertilizers on the chemical content of leaves of tomatoes grown in protected spaces in terms of Strumica region. Experiment was set in six variants and three repetitions. The variants in the experiment were: 1. Control (untreated variant); 2. Chelan sol 11-4-42 + ME; 3. Folifertil 12-4-6 + ME; 4. Potassium nitrate 13-0-46; 5. Ariston 0-0-30; 6. Megagreen (CaCO3 82.3%, SiO2 5.56%, MgO 3.02%, CaO 41.7%, Fe 8783 mg/kg, Mn 156 mg/kg). The experiment was set in 18 rows, and in each variant and repetition was included in 62 plants. During the vegetation were carried out seven treatments with following fertilizers at a concentration of 0.4%. Before setting up the experiment agrochemical analyses of soil were performed and good fertility was determined with the nitrogen and phosphorus and medium fertility with potassium. Performed chemical analysis of tomato leaves showed that foliar fertilization had a positive impact. In the leaves of five variants with different fertilizers was found higher content of all tested parameters compared with the leaves of control untreated variant. The highest average phosphorus content (0.24%), potassium (0.71%) and zinc (0.017%) obtained in the leaves at variant 2. The highest average calcium content (4.99%) and magnesium (0.67%) was determined in the leaves at variant 6. The highest average iron content (0.018%) was determined in tomato leaves of variant 2 and variant 6. Key words: mineral fertilizers, tomato, leaves.

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A STUDY OF BASIL TYPES IN THE COASTAL PLAINS OF ALBANIA Nefrus ÇELIKU1, Gjoshe STEFKOV2, Svetlana KULEVANOVA2 , Nikollaq BARDHI3, Zyhdi TEQJA4, Qatip DODA5, Dilaman NELAJ6 1

2

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Republic of Macedonia Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 3 Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 4 Agriculture and Food Department of Durres prefecture, Albania 5 Agriculture and Food Department of Dibra prefecture, Albania 6 Agriculture and Food Department of Kukesi prefecture, Albania (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Basil is a plant of Lamiaceae family, with wide spectrum use in food industry, perfumery, as fresh spice, flavoring different environments, as well as in medicine. This is why basil is considered both a spice and a medical herb. These values are resulted from high content of ocimol in all plant organs (leaves, flowers, fruits, seed and roots). The fact that Dioscorides mentions that herb early in the first century, as a medicinal plants for the disinfection of premises, mouth and teeth, shows the values and its recognition since Antiquity. In Albania it is a known and cultivated plant, in families, gardens, and it has synonyms by area. For essence production, it begins to be cultivated in the 60s and, nowadays the demand is growing. Basil studies are limited in technology and comparisons of subspecies and varieties. A study of five subspecies in coastal plains of Albania (ToshkëzLushnja) is presented in this paper. The differences found are statistically necessary. Keywords: essence, spice, the cultivation.

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THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS ON SPELT GRAIN YIELD (TRITICUM AESTIVUM SSP SPELTA) Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Snezana OLJACA, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Snezana ĐORĐEVIĆ, Jovana BRDAR University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The paper examined the impact of fertilizers in organic farming technology on spelt grain yield (Triticum aestivum spp. spelta). In mountainous conditions at over 1000 m above sea level research was conducted so as to examine the microbiological effects of different fertilizers (Uniker and Slavol) and soil conditioner (zeolite) on spelt yield in organic farming systems. Organic farming technologies included conventional tillage of soil, where agricultural production has not been organized for ten years. Soil conditioners and fertilizers Uniker microbiological, and combinations thereof are applied by treating the soil just before sowing of spelt (cultivar Nirvana). Microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) was applied in top-dressing. Applying the statistical analysis of data on grain yield, it was found that the greatest difference in yield was recorded between the investigation years: 4.60 t ha-1 (2010/11) and 2.82 t ha-1 (2011/12). When applying top dressing some differences were recorded, but they were not statistically significant (3.66 t ha-1 : 3.76 t ha-1). When it comes to a basic fertilization, the highest grain yield was recorded with a combination of microbiological fertilizers and soil conditioner (4.62 t ha-1) and the lowest in the control (2.63 t ha-1). Key words: spelt, organic farming, fertilizer, grain yield.

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INFLUENCE OF APPLIED AGRICULTURAL MEASURES ON THE SEEDLING QUALITY OF LETTUCE Gavro KALUĐEROVIC*, Natasa MIRECKI Biotechnical faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In the region of Zeta and Bjelopavlići mostly two varieties of lettuce are cultivated: cabbage lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) and leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Acephala). With a goal to determine the influence of time of sowing (3.VII and 1.VIII), fertilizers (Slavol, WUKSAL super 8:8:6+me i Poly-Feed MAR 20:20:20+me) and substrates (Profi-substrat i Blumenerde) on a cultivation of lettuce, the experiment has been set up in the plain of Zeta (in the region of Podgorica). The examined parameters were the beginning of germination, the percentage of emerged plants, the time of the first leaf appearance, rosette leaf number at the time of planting, the mass of the plant seedling. By using the microbiological fertilizers one gets the better germination and the earlier springing up of lettuce plantations. The seed of the Nadine F1 lettuce, treated with Slavol before sowing, has sprung up two days earlier than the seed that hasn’t been treated at all. The plants of lettuce plantations have big needs for nutrients because of the intensive growth, therefore the higher yield has been gained by using the fertilizers that provide more nutrients. Blumenerde substrat has, in the both times of sowing, showed better results than the Profi-substrat, where the mass of a plantation was 1,97g i 2,19g. Key words: lettuce, Nadine F1, times of sowing, fertilizer, substrat.

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POLLEN GERMINATION OF SOME POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN MONTENEGRO Miroslav ČIZMOVIC1*, Ranko POPOVIC1, Biljana LAZOVIC1, Mirjana ADAKALIC1, Ahmed DŽUBUR2 1

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Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro Agromediterannean Faculty Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The research on pollen germination of three most important pomegranate varieties grown in coastal region of Montenegro and the hinterland is presented in this paper. The trial was carried out during the three consecutive years (2002-2004) on two sweet (‘Slatki barski’ and ‘Šerbetaš’), and one sour (‘Dividiš meke kore’) pomegranate varieties. Pollen germination was tested on solid 1 % agar medium (Agar Plate method) with two concentrations of sucrose (10 and 15 %).‘Slatki barski’ and ‘Šerbetaš’ varieties showed higher degree of germination at the 15 % sucrose medium (65,96 and 71,27 %) than at the medium with 10 % (42,41 and 39,70 %). The degree of pollen germination was significantly lower in ‘Dividiš meke kore’, on both sucrose concentrations (16,5 and 22,54 %). Therefore, pollen germination parameter in this variety should be tested before planting in mono-varietal orchards. Key words: pomegranate, Punica granatum L., pollen, germination.

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SEED GERMINATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEEDLING GENOTYPES OF CORNEL FROM UPPER POLIMLJE REGION Vučeta JACIMOVIC1*, Đina BOZOVIC1, Vladislav OGNJANOV2 1

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Biotechnical faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The paper presents results of seed germination and morphological characteristics of 11 seedling genotypes of cornel (Cornus mas L.) taken from natural population of Upper Polimlje Region from 2000 through 2004. Cornel is a long-lived plant, but is exceptionally slow at the beginning of growth. Seeds do not germinate in the first year. They germinate afterwards. The seedlings grow very slowly. Cornel starts producing fruit after 8, 9 or 11 years. The seeds of tested genotypes hardly germinated in the second year. The best germination was with the seed of genotype BP 25 – 48 %. Seedlings of cornel grow very slowly, especially in the first year, in the second year their growth is considerably faster. The average height of one-year-old seedlings is 27,54 cm, and two-year-old ones are 80,27 cm. The diametar of two years old seedlings was between 0,5 cm (genotype BP 36) and 1,16 cm (genotype BP 16). The maximum uniformity with respect to the diameter of two-year-old seedlings was found in genotype BP 07 (Cv=7,85%), and in terms of height in genotype BP 16 (Cv=9,38%). Key words: cornel, seed germination, morphologhy, seedlings.

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METHODOLOGY FOR ACIDITY CORRECTION OF DEFICIENT MUSTS BASED ON GRAPE MATURATION INDICES AS PART OF PRECISION OENOLOGY George A. COJOCARU, Arina Oana ANTOCE* University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Bioengineering of Horti-Viticultural Systems, Romania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Acidity corrections are one of the most important pre-fermentative operations, with significant consequences on wine quality. The proposed methodology is based on the study of two grape maturation indices, °Brix/%TA and °Brix x pH2, which were determined and evaluated before and after the application of acidity correction. This paper proposes a methodology in agreement with the principles of precision oenology for acidity corrections of deficient musts, especially those from areas located in European zones CII. Keywords: precision oenology, maturation indices, quality assurance, acidity corrections.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT ON SEEDLINGS LETTUCE GROWING Elena Maria DRĂGHICI1*, Maria PELE1, Dan IONESCU2, Elena DOBRIN1 1

Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania 2 SC ALTROM SRL, Bucharest, Romania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The study was conducted at the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest, Romania Department of Hortiviticol Bioengineering Systems in 2012. The seedlings production involves high costs for thermal energy. Using LED lighting leads to a shorter growing season and finally to an overall reduction in production costs. The experiments were performed in growth chamber under controlled conditions regarding temperature, humidity and light. As biological material we used lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). We found that there were differences in the growth of young plants of lettuce. Depending on the combination of colours (proportion between red and blue light) the reaction of plants was differently. All data obtained were processed with National Instruments Vision Assistant software 2009. The aim of the experience was lettuce growers recommend using LED lighting particularly effective in producing seedlings. Key words: lettuce, LED, growing.

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SWEET CORN GROWING PERIOD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN WET YEAR Ferenc OROSZ Sapientia University, Department of Horticulture, 540485 Tîrgu Mureş, Şoseaua Sighişoarei 1C, Romania (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Experiment aims to investigate shortening of sweet corn growing period with application of some technological elements: propagation time, propagation method, floating row cover. The choosen variety was a conventional sweet corn hybrid, very early ripening ’Spirit’. The following growing technologies were compared: 1. Plants transplantation with floating row cover, 2. direct sowing of plants with floating row cover, 3. direct sowing of plants with no row cover (regarded as control). The transplanted plants had shorter growing period by 13 days, compared to direct sowed covered treatment and were 17 days earlier harvested than control. Interaction of growing technology and plants covering had also favourable effect on some important morphological properties of ears such as weight of husked and unhusked ears, ear length, ear diameter, length of kernel and number of kernels. Key words: earliness, sweet corn, transplantation, fleece covering.

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USE OF VARIOUS YEAST STRAINS TO IMPROVE THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF CHARDONNAY WINES Oana Arina ANTOCE*, Ioan NAMOLOSANU University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Chardonnay is a versatile variety which can lead to various styles of wines. Several yeasts are available in the market for the production of varietal wines, some of them designed especially for the fermentation of this cultivar. However, one of the nowadays trends is to produce new styles of wine, in order to attract new consumers. Chardonnay must from Murfatlar vineyard, 2012 vintage, was fermented with 9 commercially available yeasts, among which some recommended for other grape cultivars than Chardonnay. Control wines obtained based on spontaneous fermentations were also produced. Sensory analysis was performed on the resulted wines, by using the standardized methodology of aromatic profiling with a human panel. In parallel, a dual column GC electronic nose was also used to compare and discriminate among the aromatic profiles of wines. Based on the examination of the aromatic profiles given by the human panel and the volatile profiles discriminations achieved by the electronic nose, it was concluded that some of the yeasts did induce important changes in the wine aroma, but the aromatic characteristics of the cultivar are not completely masked by any of the yeasts used. In accordance, it was possible to obtain a consensus profile of the Chardonnay wines of Murfatlar vineyard, irrespective of the yeast strain used. Keywords: wine, aromatic profile, sensory analysis, electronic nose.

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SEED YIELD OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (LOTUS CORNICULATUS L.) CULTIVARS IN THE YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT Vladeta STEVOVIC1, Đorđe LAZAREVIC1, Dalibor TOMIC1*, Rade STANISAVLJEVIC2, Dragan ĐUROVIC1 1

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Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dusana 34, Čačak, Serbia Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11 000 Beograd, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Production of sufficient quantities of forage is a prerequisite for the development of livestock production. In South-East Europe in less favorable growing conditions especially in terms of climate and soil, in order to produce sufficient quantities of forage, a special attention is given to the cultivation of the birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). One of the solutions for improvement of birdsfoot trefoil production is the production of the sufficient quantity of quality seeds. Field trial was established in 2012, on soil type cambisol in a randomized block design with three replications. Cultivars of birdsfoot trefoil (K-37, Rocco and Zora) were sown at a inter row spacing of 20 cm, using 10 kg ha-1 of seeds. The aim of the study was to analyze in the year of establishment seed yield and yield components: number of stems m-2, number of flowers per stem, number of inflorescences m-2, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, number of seeds per pod and thousand grains weight. Cultivar Rocco had significantly higher seed yield (408.6 kg ha-1) in relation to the cultivars K-37 and Zora (85 kg ha-1 and 54 kg ha-1 respectively), which arises from the significantly higher number of flowers per stem and inflorescence m-2 in relation to the other cultivars. Cultivar Rocco had also a significantly higher number of pods per inflorescence than the K-37 cultivar. Number of flowers per stem, number of inflorescences m-2 and number of pods per inflorescence were significantly positively correlated with the seed yield. Key words: birdsfoot trefoil, seed yield, yield components.

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MALFORMATIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) Dragan JANKOVIC1*, Sladjana JANKOVIC1, Zoran NIKOLIC1, Gorica PAUNOVIC2 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, Lešak, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia 2 Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In this research, which was conducted in native walnut population, during 2000-2011 years in the region of Kraljevo (central Serbia), more than 2000 walnut seedling trees were observed. In some trees unusual phenomena in the structure and function of reproductive organs were expressed, such as: second and successive flowering, mixed inflorescences with female flowers at its base and male flowers at the top, hermaphrodite flowers, “V” shaped catkins, spurs only with catkins, flowers and fruits fusion, irregular shell and kernel segmentation and incomplete involucres. Certain of these malformations occur in some trees every year, while in some cases they represent a sporadic phenomenon, probably caused by environmental factors. In this paper all these phenomena are described in detail and documented by photographs. Keywords: walnut, reproductive organs, malformations.

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PHENOLOGY AND YIELD OF NINE SOUR CHERRY CULTIVARS UNDER CENTRAL SERBIA CONDITIONS Dragan JANKOVIC1*, Sladjana JANKOVIC1, Zoran NIKOLIC1, Gorica PAUNOVIC2 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, Lešak, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia 2 Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Phenological properties (beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, beginning of fruit colouring and harvest date) and yield of nine sour cherry cultivars, grafted on Prunus avium seedling rootstock, were studied in the region of Kraljevo (central Serbia), during a ten – year period (2000-2010). The mean date of beginning of flowering was 12 April, full flowering 17 April, and the end of flowering April 23. Flowering lasted, on the average, 11 days. Difference in flowering dates of the earliest and the latest flowering cultivars was 10 days, and the time span between years was 18 days. Early flowering was observed in cultivars ‘Richmorency’, ‘Oblačinska’, ‘Heimanns Rubinweichsel’ and ‘Čačanski Rubin’, followed by ‘Heimanns Konservenweichsel’, ‘Kelleriis 16’ and ‘Rexelle’, while late flowering was observed in ‘Schattenmorelle’ and ‘Kelleriis 14’. The time span between the cultivars of the earliest and the latest average fruit ripening was approximately 16 days, and the biggest difference between years with the earliest and the latest average fruit ripening was 22 days. ‘Richmorency’ and ‘Oblačinska’ are characterized by middle-early ripening (25-30 June), followed by medium late cultivars, such as ‘Čačanski Rubin’, ‘Heimanns Rubinweichsel’, ‘Rexelle’, ‘Kelleriis 16’ and ‘Heimanns Konservenweichsel’ (1-2 July). ‘Schattenmorelle’ and ‘Kelleriis 14’ proved to be late maturing (89 July). The average annual yield per tree amounted to 14-28 kg. The highest cumulative yield per tree was recorded in ‘Rexelle’ (224 kg), and the lowest in ‘Keleriis 16’ and ‘Schattenmorelle’ (113.2 kg). Keywords: sour cherry, cultivars, flowering, fruit maturation, yield.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SPELT WHEAT ON THE CHERNOZEM AND DEGRADED SOIL Đorđe GLAMOCLIJA1, Snezana JANKOVIC2*, Vera POPOVIC3, Vladan UGRENOVIC4, Nefreteta ZEKIC1, Jela IKANOVIC1, Sveto RAKIC1 1

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia 2 Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 4 PSS "Tamis" Institute, Pancevo, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The effect of agro-ecological conditions on morphological and production characteristics of the first domestic spelt wheat cultivar - Nirvana was studied. Nirvana was selected by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad. It is a winter cultivar, very tolerant to frost. In the period 2011-2013, field micro experiments were set up on two locations - on an experimental field of the "Tamis" Institute on a carbonated (micellar) chernozem soil formed on the loess terrace, and on a field in the vicinity of the Thermal Power Plants "Nikola Tesla" on a degraded soil, formed on a coal-mine dumping ground and uncultivated for more than 15 years. The agro-ecological conditions on these two locations affected the growth and productivity of the spelt wheat. Although average weather conditions on both locations were relatively favourable, growth and development were more intensive in the second year of research. The effect of soil conditions on morphological characteristics was highly statistically significant. The plants grown on the chernozem had 45% higher stems, 46% longer spikes and about 6.4% more spikelets per spike. The quality of soil also had significant effect on yield indicators, so the plants grown on the chernozem had 16.23% more grains per spike and 19.8% larger grain weight per spike. The two-year average yield of dehulled grains obtained on the chernozem was 3010 kg ha1 , 35% higher than the yield obtained on the degraded soil. Despite all the indicators of the plants grown on the degraded soil were significantly lower, yet it can be concluded this type of wheat achieved satisfying grain yield. Key words: spelt wheat, morphological and production characteristics, yield data, soil type.

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THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON FRUIT DOUBLING IN STONE FRUIT SPECIES Gordan ZEC1*, Dragan MILATOVIC1, Dejan ĐUROVIC1, Boban ĐORĐEVIC1, Slavica COLIC2 1

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Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia Institut for Science Application in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Exposure of stone fruit species to high temperatures during flower-bud differentiation leads to the occurrence of double pistils, which results in the development of double fruits. In order to analyze this phenomenon in our ecological conditions, tests were carried out during the three-year period (2011-2013) in the collection orchards of the Experimental farm “Radmilovac” of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. The influence of air temperature and rainfall on fruit doubling was studied in 16 cultivars of peaches and nectarines, 15 cultivars of apricot and 10 cultivars of plum. The average percentage of double fruits in a three-year period was the highest in peach (20.0%), followed by plum (10.9%) and apricot (4.1%). In peach and nectarine cultivars the average percentage of double fruits was the highest in 2013 (38.8%), and it was more than three times higher comparing with other two years. In plum cultivars the average percentage of double fruits was also the highest in 2013 (13.7%). In apricot cultivars the percentage of double fruits was the lowest in 2013 due to very low fruit set because of unfavorable weather conditions for pollination. Key words: peach, plum, apricot, double fruits, temperature, rainfall.

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EFFECT OF SHOOT HEADING DATE ON SYLLEPSIS AND SYLLEPTIC SHOOT TRAITS IN PLUM ČAČANSKA LEPOTICA Ivan GLISIC1*, Tomo MILOSEVIC1, Evica MRATINIC2, Gorica PAUNOVIC1, Dragica VILOTIC3 1

Faculty of Agronomy – Čačak, Serbia Faculty of Agriculture - Zemun; Serbia 3 Faculty of Forestry – Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author:[email protected]) 2

Abstract Apart from frequent spontaneous syllepsis, sylleptic shoot development in plums can be induced by diverse practices, most notably plant hormone application and shoot tip removal. Research was conducted in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of summer pruning heading date on the degree of sylleptic branching and major morphological and anatomical properties of sylleptic shoots in plum ’Čačanska Lepotica’ grafted on Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) seedling rootstock. Shoots were cut back to 4-5 buds above the base at 5 dates (Т1 – 20 May, Т2 – 5 June, Т3 – 20 June, Т4 – 5 July and Т5 – 20 July). At the end of dormancy, sylleptic shoots were subjected to morphological measurement: sylleptic shoot length and diameter (cm), number of nodes, internode length (cm), number of vegetative buds, number of flower buds, and anatomical analysis: primary xylem length (μm), number of tracheae per mm2 and trachea width (μm). Results showed that at the late heading dates (Т4 and Т5) sylleptic branching was absent in a large percentage of shoots (81.59% at Т4 and 94.10% at Т5). In contrast, the highest positive response was observed for dates Т2 and Т3 which led to sylleptic shoots reaching moderate length (Т2 = 52.79 cm, Т3 = 22.09 cm), with a very good vegetative to flower buds ratio (at Т2 - 1:0.43, and at Т3 1:0.98). The sylleptic shoots emerging at dates Т2 and Т3 had the following anatomical properties: primary xylem width 94.79 μm and 70.43 μm; number of tracheae per mm2 141.18 and 134.88, and trachea width 3.09 μm and 3.07 μm, respectively. Data suggest that 5-20 June, or Т2 and Т3 as used in this study, is the most suitable date to cut back shoots in plum’Čačanska Lepotica’ for sylleptic branching. Keywords: plum, sylleptic shoots, morphological and anatomical properties, shoot heading.

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THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AZOTOBACTER, PSEUDOMONAS AND BACILLUSAPPLIED AS A MIXTURE INOCULUM IN RHIZOSPHERE OF FIVE MAIZE GENOTYPES ASSESSED BY GENOTYPING AND PHENOTYPING METHODS Ivica ĐALOVIC1, Dragana JOSIC2, Nastasija MRKOVACKI1, Radmila PIVIC2,Goran BEKAVAC1, Bozana PURAR1, Đorđe JOCKOVIĆ1 1

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad; Serbia 2 Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The rhizosphere contain a different compounds produced by the plant roots. The plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize plant root and promote plant growth and some of them can reduce the incidence of soil– borne diseases. PGPRs are beneficial for agriculture and often used as biocontrol or biofertilizer inoculants. However, the variation in bacterial colonization and survival within the rhizosphere (rhizosphere competence) can cause inconsistency of the field results. In this study, the mixture of the selected bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Bacillus) has been used as inoculum to assess the competitiveness and effects on plant growth and yield of different maize genotypes. Rep–PCR using (GTG)5 primer for BOX elements were applied. Phenotypic and PGP traits as well as persistance of inoculated strains in the total number of bacteria have been avaluated. The obtained results assessed by a combination of genotyping and phenotyping methods showed that mixture of strains (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas PS2 and Bacillus Q7) had better competitiveness to indigenous bacteria in the rhizosphere of all maize genotypes. Inoculation increased the total number of microorganisms by 61%, the number of N2-fixing bacteria by 49% and the number of azotobacters by 5% compared to the non–inoculated control i.e. indigenous bacterial population. PGP traits of Azotobacter, Pseudomonas PS2 and Bacillus Q7 influenced a growth and quality of maize. Key words: Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); rhizosphere competence; Azotobacter; Pseudomonas; Bacillus.

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COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF ZP MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS Jovan PAVLOV*, Nenad DELIC, Milan STEVANOVIC, Zoran CAMDZIJA, Nikola GRCIC, Sofija BOZINOVIC, Milos CREVAR Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Beograd, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract A half diallel cross was used to evaluate combining abilities of six maize inbred lines and their hybrid combinations for grain yield, ear length, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row. Analysis was done using Griffing’s formula (1956), method 2, mathematic model I. General and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) mean squares were significant for all traits. GCA/SCA ratios revealed that additive gene effects had larger importance in inheritance of all of investigated traits than non-additive effects. Furthermore, obtained results showed that inbred lines L4 and L5 had the best GCA effects for grain yield, while inbred line L4 had the highest GCA values for ear length and number of kernels per row. Inbred line L6 was the best general combiner for number of kernel rows per ear. The hybrid combinations those exhibited significant SCA effects involved low x high, average x high and high x high GCA parents. According to obtained results, we could be concluded that inbred lines L4, L5 and L6 have high frequency of favorable alleles for most of the investigated traits and can be used in further breeding programs for new hybrids development. Key words: maize, general and specific combining abilities, yield.

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THE INFLUENCE OF MANY YEARS LIMING AND FERTILIZING TO CHANGING OF ADSORPTIVE COMPLEX COMPOSITION OF PSEUDOGLEY SOIL Miodrag JELIC1*, Goran DUGALIC2, Olivera NIKOLIC3 1

University of Pristina-Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Agriculture, Lesak-Zubin Potok, Serbia 2 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy Cacak, Serbia 3 University of EDUCONS, Faculty of Ecological Agriculture, Svilajnac, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Composition and characteristics of soil adsorptive complex are very important to understand physicals and chemicals processes which affect soil fertility and nutrients availability to plants. The paper deals with influence of many years ameliorative application of lime, manure and mineral fertilizers on adsorptive complex composition of pseudogley soil in Kraljevo valley. Soil belongs to group of extremely acid soil pseudogley type. Two – field crop rotation wheat – maize was applied. Soil samples were taken from opened profiles and numbered 1 (unfertilized variant – control), 2 (NPK) and 3 (NPK+CaCO3+manure). Arable lands, pseudogley type, have a high degree of dealkalinization of eluvial, -Ah and Eg-, layers and B1tg layer, too. Capacity value of cations exchange and saturation degree of exchangeable – adsorbed alkaline cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and H+(+Al) ions) varied considerable. Their composition and content, especially at -Ah and Eg layers, were unsatisfactory, mainly. According to noticed V – values (< 50%), analyzed soil belongs to group of "moderately unsaturated" soils. Many years, periodically, application of pedo–ameliorative treatments as: liming, phosphatization and humification, influenced increase of degree of alkali saturation (V%) and capacity of cations exchange (T) at Ah layer for more than 40% and 10 m.ekv./100 g soil, respectively. Part of alkaline cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) was increased, averagely, for 10 m.ekv./100 g soil or about 14.25% in relation with T values. Content of exchangeable – adsorbed K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions at eluvial horizons (Ah and Eg) was rather low, at analyzed soil profiles. Calcification caused increase of content of exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ in adsorptive complex of analyzed soil. Key words: adsorptive complex, fertilization, liming, pseudogley, soil.

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CURRENT PROPAGATION OPTIONS FOR MISCANTHUS GIGANTEUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Mirjana ARANĐELOVIC, Gordana DRAZIC, Jelena MILOVANOVIC, Srđan ALEKSIC Faculty of applied ecology- Futura, Belgrade, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The key Republic of Serbia (RS) government’s strategy for energy development is to expand the supply of home grown biomass and facilitate the development and competitiveness of a sustainable supply chain. Analysis of the potential supply chain suggests that this can partially be achieved by growing agroenergy crops. Miscanthus giganteus was chosen because of the potentially high productivity and cultivation on degraded soil. This study aims to present the knowledge by which plant propagules (propagation) of Miscanthus giganteus, for the biomass supply chain, can be produced at minimum cost. Because Miscanthus giganteus is sterile, it can only be propagated by vegetative division. The method of field experiments followed the potential of production of viable rhizomes on soils with variable fertility. Monitoring was done on 6 parameters of the rhizome growth and planting survival rate. The results indicate that the production of viable rhizomes is affected mainly by age of mother plants and biotic effects of the weed vegetation. A much smaller effect is shown through size of rhizomes and nursery fertilization. The work reported here focuses on the available knowledge regarding the potential routes by which Miscanthus material could be mass produced for high density planting established to maximize yields. Vegetative clonal plant propagation is required to deliver uniform crops. Rhizome production and division is slow, but currently does not limit increase in production because the Serbian industry uptake is currently small. At present the establishment rate of Miscanthus is slow and this appears to be limited by economics; evidence suggests that the cost of plant propagules is one factor that prevents widespread planting. Key words: agroenergy crops, Miscanthus giganteus, ecoremediation.

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WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF TOMATO AND POTATO IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN SERBIA Miroljub AKSIC*, Nebojsa GUDZIC, Nebojsa DELETIC, Slavisa STOJKOVIC, Slavisa GUDZIC Faculty of Agriculture Kosovska Mitrovica-Lešak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Water is a limited agricultural resource, so this study has been related to rational use of water in the intensive tomato and potato growing technology. By setting irrigation at different values of SWP (soil water potential), it have been studied their effects on yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato and potato in the conditions of southern Serbia. The four-year investigation was carried out by a biological procedure – through field trials in the conditions with irrigation of tomato hybrid Amati F1 and potato cultivar Kennebec, on alluvium soil type, in the river valley of Southern Morava, near Niš. Local coordinates of the studied area were the following: latitude 43º 19', longitude 21º 54', and altitude 194 m. The experimental field consisted of three treatments with irrigation (SWP of 20, 30 and 40 kPa), as well as unirrigated control. Tensiometers were installed at the depth of 20 cm within root system zone, and were read twice a day at 800 and 1800. Irrigation was applied when a lower value than predetermined was read on the vacuummeter. The highest value of WUE in tomato (112.68 kg ha-1 mm-1) was observed in 2006 at the variant with SWP of 30 kPa, while the lowest one (77.27 kg ha-1 mm-1) was observed in 2007 at the variant with SWP of 40 kPa. Water use efficiency of potato during the studied period ranged from 81.23 to 98.21 kg ha-1 mm-1. Key words: soil water potential, tomato, potato, irrigation, water use efficiency.

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THE POSSIBILITIES OF USE OF NITROGEN HARVEST INDEX IN WHEAT BREEDING IN TERM OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE Olivera NIKOLIC1, Milanko PAVLOVIC1, Miodrag JELIC2 1

EDUCONS University, Sremska Kamenica, Vojvode Putnika 87, Serbia 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Lesak, Kopaonicka bb, Serbia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The topic of nitrogen wheat nutrition was becoming very actually during last decades of last century because of many reasons: fertilizers price, energetic crises, environmental protection, ecological agriculture. Despite the detrimental impacts, the use of fertilizers (N in particular) in agriculture, together with an improvement in cropping systems, mainly in developed countries, have provided a food supply sufficient for both animal and human consumption. Therefore, the challenge for the next decades, with an expanding world population, will be to develop a highly productive agriculture, whilst at the same time preserving the quality of the environment. A multidisciplinary approach to breeding winter wheat and include physiological indicators of nitrogen nutrition efficiency could help in achieving this goal. Consequently, this paper deals with physiological indicator as nitrogen harvest index, its connection with grain yield, heritability and variance and evaluation of Serbian winter wheat genotypes in term of this indicator. The best values of nitrogen harvest index were registered at KG 165/2, Pobeda and Bujna. Emphasized genotypes, selected as superior in term of this indicator, could be considered as carriers of de desirable traits in terms of wheat breeding theory, improvement of production efficiency, environmental protection and development of ecological agriculture. Key words: breeding, ecological agriculture, nitrogen harvest index, wheat.

96

YIELD AND QUALITY OF DUAL-PURPOSE BARLEY AND TRITICALE IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT IN TUNISIA Sadreddine BEJI1*, Eya KHEMIR2 1

2

Forage crops laboratory, Higher institute of Agriculture, Tunisia Laboratory of Phytopathology, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, TunisMahrajène, Tunisia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Semi-arid region of Tunisia is characterized by a low and erratic rainfall. This makes year-round maintenance of pasture and forage production under non-irrigated conditions both costly and difficult. In order to fill deficit period, some cereals can be used as dual purpose by cutting or by animal grazing during early stage of growth and then allowed to recover to produce grain. This study aimed at evaluating agronomic performances and grain quality of two dual-purposes cereal crops, Barley and Triticale, cut at the pseudo stem erect stage (C30). The trail was conducted during 2010-2011 season and results have showed that barley yielded more forage crop than triticale without being statistically different, also crude protein in the plant was higher in barley (18.6%) compared to triticale (17.7%). Defoliation has caused a significant grain yield reduction for both cereals and was about 23% for triticale and 33% for barley. Clipping at stem erect stage has a variable effect on different yield components. Thus, higher number of tillers and number of spikes in defoliated compared to undefoliated plants were noted. In the other hand, both number of grains per spike and total kernel weight was negatively affected by clipping. Grain protein was significantly higher after clipping for barley (11,35% for dual purpose and 10.17% for grain production only) and was not affected for triticale (9.42 % versus 9,57 %). Under Tunisian semi-arid environment, triticale and barley have comparable yields with a small superiority for barley in forage yield production and higher plant and grain protein contents in triticale. Key words: Triticale, Barley, Forage, Dual purpose, semi-Aride, Tunisia.

97

THE EFFECT OF AIR –ASSISTED ON DIFFERENT DOSE APPLICATIONS AGAINST SUNN PEST (EURYGASTER SPP. HEMIPTERA: SCUTELLERIDAE) CONTROL Arzu AYDAR*,Yasemin SABAHOĞLU Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract During chemical applications against plant diseases and pests while some of the pesticides are drifted to non-target area by wind or suspended in the air, the other part drops into non-target sources of water and the ground. As a result of this, negative impacts such as low biological efficiency, high cost and enviromental pollution are occured. In Turkey between 2000-2012 which are the years of epidemies, chemical applications were made against sunn pest at area of approximately 11-18 million ha.. Sunn pest control was conducted by both aerial and ground sprayers until 2002. Since then these applications have been turned into only ground applications gradually. This situtation has accelerated national studies that work on increasing the spraying efficiency by reducing spray losses. The objective of this study was to develope an air-assisted sprayer that is domestic production and suitable for purchasing power of Turkish farmer. This sprayer was evaluated in terms of biological efficiency and distribution uniformity at a domestic wheat variety. The tests were carried out in two stages. Spraying characteristics were determined in the first step. Trials of biolocigal efficiency in which was used Alphacypermethrin EC (100 g/l) at dose of 15.0, 12.5 and 10.0 ml/da against the sunn pest were conducted in the second step. Thus, efficiency of the air-assisted against sunn pest was brought up to compare with the convantional application and reduction of pesticide use with lower dose application was evaluated. As a result of the study, high biological efficieny was achieved at low doses with air-asisted sprayer. Key words: Air-assisted, sprayer, sunn pest, dose.

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THE ADAPTATION OF SOME PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CULTIVARS USED AS TURFGRASS UNDER ANKARA AND ISPARTA CONDITIONS Suzan ALTINOK1*, Hayrettin EKİZ1, Hayrettin KENDİR1, Cengiz SANCAK1, Sebahattin ALBAYRAK2 1

2

Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, ANKARA-Turkey Suleyman Demirel University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, ISPARTATurkey *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The efficient use of turf for establishing lawns requires field evaluation of the existing cultivars, especially in the central part of Anatolia with dry climate. Our research was aimed at evaluating the adaptability of the newly introduced and popular perennial ryegrass cultivars in central part of Turkey (Ankara) and in transitional zone of Anatolia to Mediterranean (Isparta). Six perennial ryegrass cultivars (Lucius, Libranco, Lifrance, Eterlou, Taya and Sakini) were seeded with 3 replications in randomized block design in both sites in 2007. Emergency power, establishment potential, winter resistance, cover ratio, leaf texture, leaf color, regrowth potential, tiller number, general appearance, weed invasion and density of each cultivar were evaluated by using a visual score. At the result, there were no really much differences among the cultivars in both sides even that they showed some differences on some parameters in Ankara. All cultivars performed better in summer and autumn than during winter and spring in Ankara. However they were better in spring, summer and autumn in Isparta than during winter period. All of these perennial ryegrass cultivars showed excellent growing, covering, colour, and regrowth after cutting and density in both locations. They were found recommendable for Central Anatolia and transitional zone of Anatolia. Key words: Perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, Ankara, Isparta, turfgrass, adaptation.

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QUALITY OF ROTARY MOWER SIP RK 135 MOWING PROCESS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA Milan JUGOVIC1*, Dusan RADIVOJEVIC2 Ranko KOPRIVICA3, Gordana SEKULARAC3,Tanja JAKISIC1, Miroslav LALOVIC1 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The paper presents research results of tractor rotary mowers SIP RK 135 in cutting the first swath in natural landmeadow. The average yield of green mass was 20.66 t/ha. The aim of this research was to determine the productivity, quality of work and losses using the tractor rotary mower in cutting the first cut landmeadow. In the first experiment tractor operated at an average speed of 5.89 km/h achieving performance of 0.69 ha/h. In the second experiment the tractor operated at an average speed of 9.29 km/h achieving a performance of 1.01 ha/h. At a given speed, efficiency of work operations ranged from 0.78 to 0.93, averaging 0.86 in the first version and 0.70 to 0.93, averaging 0.81 in the second version. With the increasing speed of operation it has been observed an increase in the average height of cut by 1.35 cm and also increase in total losses of 2.73 % to a maximum of 4.45 % of the total yield. Keywords: rotary mower, mowing, operational productivity, cutting height, losses.

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BREEDING FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT Desimir KNEZEVIC1*, Danijela KONDIC2,Sretenka MARKOVIC2, Nikola MICIC2, Gordana DJURIC2 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pristina, Lešak, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia, 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In a frame of plant breeding are developed different methodologies directed towards genotypes improvement. Thousand years ago, a man practiced selection through domestication, cultivation and production plants that have more desirable traits than wild plants. Cultivated crop species selected from wild populations are called a landrace. Creation of new cultivars has been done by using of simply plants selection techniques choosing desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques. Conventional breeding is based on homologous recombination between chromosomes to generate genetic diversity. Also, breeders may use a number of in vitro techniques such as protoplast fusion, embryo rescue or mutagenesis to generate diversity and produce hybrid plants that does not exist in nature. Breeders have the task to incorporate into crop plants improved traits: quality and yield, tolerance to salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, resistance to viruses, fungi and bacteria, increased tolerance to insect pests and herbicides. The most cultivars are created by crossing two parents. Created cultivars have changes of architecture, ripening time, productivity. Soil moisture is the most limiting factor in dry land agriculture. It is lost as evaporation from the soil surface and as transpiration from the plant surfaces. Technology growing and soil fertilization related to productivity of plants. The evaporation losses can be reduced by mulches, antitranspirants, wind breaks, weed control. In the coming future with climatic changes are necessary protected wild relative species and other existing genetic resources in nature and gene bank for successful breeding. Keywords: Breeding, crop, productivity, genetic resources, improving adaptability.

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IMPACT OF PERRENNIAL APPLICATION OF NPK FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PROPERTIES OF VERTISOL SOIL TYPE Nebojsa GUDZIC1*, Miroljub AKSIC1, Aleksandar ĐIKIC1, Slavisa GUDZIC1, Jelena MILIVOJEVIC2, Miodrag JELIC1 1

University of Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, Serbia Center for Small Grains of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

2

Abstract The study was conducted in conditions of two-fields experiment (wheatmaize), formed in the year 1978, at the Vertisol soil type in the vicinity of Kragujevac. Vertisol at the beginning of the study was characterized by acidic pH, low content of available phosphorus, medium content humus, and high content of available potassium. The aim of this study was to determine influence of NPK fertilizers after 33 years of continuous application, on the basic elements of fertility (pH, humus, total N, available P2O5 and available K2O). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have been applied in two doses of 9 combinations, as: nitrogen in quantities of 80 and 120 kg/ha (N80 and N120), and phosphorus and potassium in quantities of 60 and 100 kg/ha (P60, P100 and K60 , K100). Analyzes of chemical properties have been done in the year 2010, by the standard methods. The results indicate that after 33 years of application of NPK, with the exception of pH, it has taken to the improvement of all measured parameters of fertility. The biggest changes have been recorded in the content of available phosphorus. The content of this nutrient has been significantly increased even in the conditions of acid soil reaction. Increase in the content of available P2O5 has been noted in the combinations of which it has been applied both individually and in combination with nitrogen and potassium. Application of higher doses of fertilizers have significantly increased content of Mn i Zn. Key words: Vertisol, perennial application of fertilizers, NPK, manganese, zinc.

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THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCTION OF RED WINES ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC SCORE IN THE POPULATION OF YOUNG WINEMAKERS Josip MESIC*, Brankica SVITLICA, Luka MESIC, Marina BRBLIC University of applied sciences in Požega, Vukovarska 17, 34 000 Požega, Croatia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The value of wine is determined by a number of parameters, and besides physical - chemical and organoleptic parameters, which are influenced by the quality of grapes and wine, important role has tradition, marketing and consumer trends in wine. The aim is to show the trends and preferences of future wine experts who will form the styles of wine, and who are themselves educated wine consumers. The experiment was conducted in a teaching facility of University of applied sciences in Požega. In a study students from the second and third year of professional study Vineyards - Wine – Fruit growing participated. Students were randomly selected and divided into three commissions of five members. Assessed the wine Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah. Harvest of each cultivar was carried out on the same day so that the parameters of grapes for each wine the same whether it is a wine produced in a stainless steel bowl or barriques. Wines produced exclusively in stainless steel containers retain more varietal characteristics and fruitiness and are fresher than the wine from barrique barrels. All samples of wine vintages are 2012th. Sensory evaluation of wines was carried out using 100 positive points (OIV). All results were statistically analyzed. Wines in barriques with Pinot Noir, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon achieved better grades. Keywords: Barrique, organoleptic, red wine, young.

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MORPHOGENETIC FEATURES OF UNIVERSITY LEGUMES COLLECTION Zaure AYTASHEVA*, S. BAISEYITOVA, B.A. ZHUMABAYEVA, E. DJANGALINA, Zh. URAZOVA, Ch. BYKOVA Al-Farabi Kazakh National University 71 al-Farabi Ave., Bldg. #6, Almaty 050038, Republic of Kazakhstan *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This study has been conducted to highlight the outputs of 2011-12 crop rotation under mountain and steppe (plain) zones in Almaty Region. Principal morphogenetic properties have been studied aсross the collection of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Kazakhstani, American, Chinese, Czech, Polish, Russian, and Turkish collections) from different soil and climate areas under mountain and steppe zone conditions of Almaty Region. A number of useful genetic stocks for major economically valuable traits has been identified. Stock varietal resources have been studied on morphogenetic features. It has been shown that cv. “Luna” from Czech collection would be the earliest by ripening (80 days from the onset of ontogenesis to complete technical ripeness). Other varieties could reach the same state 10-12 days later. Using local “Aktatti” line the effect of new domestic bioorganomineral fertilizer has been shown on morphogenetic traits of common bean plants. Basic catalogue of stock common bean resources including nearly 40 parental common bean and related cultivars of diverse geographic origin has been compiled to be completed this year by 6 French cultivars of bush and liana common beans (Argus, Coco nain blanc precoce, Triomphe de Farcy, Merveille de Venise, Mistica, and Phenomene manufactured by Truffaut and Vilmorin Ltd.). Investigation on growing domestic collection of cultivars and lines is also in progress. Keywords: common bean, catalogue of stock resources.

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EXAMINATION OF SOME DUTCH RED SKIN POTATO VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MONTENEGRO Zoran JOVOVIC1*, Ana VELIMIROVIC2, Vesna MILIC3, Milana SILJ3 1

University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Phytosanitary Directorate of Montenegro 3 University of East Sarajevo, Agricultural Faculty East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

2

Abstract The paper presents results of productivity research of six potato red skin varieties in three different locations in the mountainous regions of Montenegro: Nikšić (800 meters of altitude), Kolašin (900 meters of altitude) and Žabljak (1450 meters of altitude). The study took place during 2010 and 2011, and following varieties were tested: Kondor, Kuroda, Aladin, Roko, Desiree and Rudolph. The highest tuber yield in two-year average had variety Rudolph (32.8 t.ha-1), while the lowest yield was measured in the crop of Kuroda variety (25.4 t.ha1 ). As the agro-ecological conditions in the studied area varied, the varieties reaction differentiated as well. Highest productivity was in Žabljak (29.1 t.ha1 ), while the lowest was in Nikšić (28 t.ha-1). Higher potato yields were obtained in 2010 (28.9 t.ha-1) as the result of the higher total amount of rainfall during the potato vegetation period and slightly better monthly distribution. Nevertheless, interactions location x year, variety x year and variety x location x year resulted in statistically significant difference in yield. Key words: red skin potato varieties, agro-ecological conditions, productivity.

105

HONEY PLANTS OF FOREST LANDS IN THE NORTH-WEST RUSSIA A.V. GRJAZKIN*, N.V. BELYEVA, Marko GUTALJ, N.V KOVALEV, Thi Thu Ha NGUEN Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University under name of S.M.Kirov, Russia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The total area of Russia forest resources is more than 900 thousand hectares and half of those resources are suitable for the organization of forest apiaries. The studied objects were covered and uncovered with forest stand lends in the ecological condition of North-West Russia. Results of the researching shows that the number of species, their occurrence and projective cover in different land categories are significantly unequal. Biodiversity of the uncovered forest lands is always richer than under the canopy of the forest stands of any type, any structure and any crop density. Our research also shows that the species composition of honey plants depends first of all on the growth conditions and category of forest land. Keywords: honey , honey plants,, apiculture, bee products.

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STUDY FOR DETERMINATION OF CLIMATIC SIMILIARITES TO DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF THE ALBANIA TERRITORY Albert KOPALI1*, Velesin PEÇULI1, Zyhdi TEQJA2 Arben BOÇARI3 1

Department of Agro-environment and Ecology, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 2 Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania b Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In the environment where applied agricultural activity, the climate is a complex specific environmental, whose study is important for the stability and sustainability of agricultural production. The studies in agro-ecology, under the conditions of agricultural orientation of Albania make necessary the climate classification of agricultural areas, based on the suitability of agricultural plant groups, whose productivity level and sustainability depend on the performance and fluctuations of climatic elements. The introduction of new cultivation technologies of plants with low environmental impact requires the recognition of environmental features and in particular the climate one with the intention of satisfying the needs of each plant cultivated which is cultivated and spread in that area. To be more precise, the characterization and climatic zoning of the territory is considered to a valuable study in order to determine the most appropriate ecological zones in the country. For purposes of characterization of similar climate zones in the Albanian territory have been taken the historical series of climate data, which have been digitized and processed by applying the method "Cluster analysis" with the view to distinguishing their climate features, which will serve to distinguish the closely-related ecological areas and designing appropriate technologies for cultivation of plants based on such data, to increase the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Key words: temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, climatic zones, agro-ecological zones.

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SAGE IN ALBANIA Qatip DODA1, Nikollaq BARDHI2, Gjoshe STEFKOV3, Nefrus ÇELIKU4*, Dilaman NELAJ5, Bujar ZEKA6 1

Agricultural Directory – Dibër, Albania Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania 3 Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 4 Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Economy,Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 5 Agricultural Directory – Kukës, 6. Agricultural Directory – Berat, Albania *(Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract Sage has been the medicinal and aromatic plants, naturally more widely spread in Albania, and now also the most cultivated plant. It is a plant widely used in the kitchen, in the pharmaceuticals and the cosmetics. It is widely spread everywhere in Albania and the Albanian lands, from 150m to 1200m above sea level. This plant represents a typical Albanian production. Over 50% of the sage that is used in U S A is the Albanian, and about 80% of world production of sage essence is produced by Albanian sage. At the sage herbs are been found 32 chemical compounds with great medicinal value. The most widespread species in Albania are: the common sage (Salvia officinalis), the viscous sage (salvia glutinosa L.), the whorl sage (Salvia verticellata L.). The larger surface and the more dense vegetation is represented by common sage, with over 90% of natyral production and 100% of cultivated production. Given these indicators, is taken the study for imparting of sage in Albania, by counties and districts. Keywords: sage, essence, medicinal, aromatic, fresh, harvesting.

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PROPAGATION SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) AND ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.) WITH GREEN CUTTINGS Nada PARAĐIKOVIC1, Svjetlana ZELJKOVIC2*, Monika TKALEC1, Irma DERVIC2, Milica MARIC2 1

2

Faculty of Agriculture University Osijek, Croatia Faculty of Agriculture University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Successful breeding is one of the most important tasks of plant producers. Vegetative propagation of medicinal and aromatic plants are mainly used when the seed germination is low, less than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of commercial agents (Rhizopon I) containing auxin IBA on rooting green cuttings of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural, University of Banja Luka during the period April - July 2012th year. The experiment consisted of 60 cuttings of sage and 60 cuttings of rosmaria, of whom 30 cuttings treated with hormones for rooting and 30 cuttings were planted directly into the substrate and served as a control option. During the test are recorded morphological parameters of growth and development of plants like plant height (cm) and number of leaves, while on the end of the experiment recorded root length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry weight of plants (g). Statistical analysis shows that plants treated with the agent for rooting (Rhizopon I) have significantly higher values of all parameters of growth and development in relation to the control of the same plant. Key words: propagation, Rhizopon, Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L.

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TOTAL AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS STATUS IN SOILS OF EASTERN CROATIA Brigita POPOVIC*, Zdenko LONCARIC, Krunoslav KARALIC, Vladimir IVEZIC Univesity of Josip Juraj Strassmayer, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Croatia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Far as is known there is no relevant information about the status of total and organic phosphorus in Croatian soils, so aim of this study was to determine the total and organic phosphorus in soils of the eastern Croatia. In total were collected 94 soil samples and the soil pH, organic matter as well as the total phosphorus content and organic phosphorus content were analyzed. All samples were grouped according to soil pH and organic matter in two groups (pH KCl 6, oragnic matter< 2%, oragnic matter> 2%). Analyzed samples

showed significant amounts of total phosphorus with minimal content of 329.84 mg P2O5 kg-1, while the maximum value determined by the total phosphorus was 1732.19 mg P2O5 kg-1 with an average of 713.03 mg P2O5 kg-1. The content of organic phosphorus in soils ranged from 14.89 mg P2O5 kg-1 to 1119.81 mg P2O5 kg-1, with the portion of organic phosphorus in total phosphorus from 0.54% to 78.29%.. Seen from the humus content in the soil, very low humic soil had an average of 12.0% of organic phosphorus, while fairly humic soil had an average of 7.1% organic phosphorus. Also, the results showed that the minimum (0.54%) and maximum (78.29%) portio of organic phosphorus in total phosphorus soils recorded within broad categories humic poor soils. Although it was expected, there was no significant differences between the amount of organic phosphorus in soil and organic matter content, but large influence of organic matter content to the correlation of certain fractions of phosphorus in the soil were determined (r = 0.89). Key words: soil, total phosphorus, organic phosphorus, portion.

110

EFFECT OF SLOW-RELEASE NITOGEN FERTILIZERS ON MAIZE PLANTS GROWN ON NEW RECLAIMED SOIL Mohamed S. Awaad Soil, Water & Environment. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center. Giza, Egypt (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract A field experiments was done in summer 2009 season at private farm, located at El-Sadat district, Minufiya Governorate (Egypt) to evaluate the effect of ureaform or urea+humic acid as slow release nitrogen fertilizers at a rate of 60 and 100 kg fed-1 compared to urea at rate of 120 kg fed-1 on maize (Zea mays L.) (Single-cross 10) grown on sandy soil. The obtained results indicated that ear length, plant high, 100-grain weight, shoot and grain yields and biological yield were markedly significantly higher when application of ureaform at rate of 100 kg N/fed followed urea at rate of 100 kg N/fed + humic acid. Application of ureaform at high rate increased the values of nitrogen uptake by both shoot and grain of maize plant, while urea at high rate + humic acid induced the highest values of both phosphorus and potassium uptake for the same mentioned organs. Also, the results indicated that, maize plants received urea+humic acid or ureaform registed the highest values of fertilizer use efficiency, i.e., highest Agronomic efficiency and Apparent N recovery were obtained due to application of 60 kg N/fed urea+humic acid, while ureaform at rate of 100 kg N/fed gave the highest value of Physiological efficiency. Keywords: Nitrogen fertilizers, maize, reclaimed soil

111

REUSE OF TREATED WASTEWATER FOR CULTIVATION OF ROSES FOR DECORATION ONLY AND NOT FOR FOOD INDUSTRIES R. E. Abdelraouf1*, Sami, A.Metwally2, H.M. Mehana3 1

Water Relations & Field Irrigation Dept.. Egypt Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees Dept., Egypt 3 Agriculture and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. 2

*(Corresponding authors: abdelrouf [email protected]; [email protected])

Abstract Open field experiment was carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons at El-Gabal El-Asfar,El-Kaluiobia Governorate, Egypt. The seedlings of Rosa chinensis (pygmy rose, China rose), two year age, were planting at the first week of December. Physical and chemical analysis of soil and treated wastewater were determined. The aim of this work was to study the effect of three factors, the first is dought stress (100, 75 and 50% from irrigation requirements (IR), the second is fertilizer rate (FR) (100, 75 and 50%) from NPK recommended doses and their interaction. Also to study the effect of AgNo3 nanoparticles as a preservative solution for Rosa cut flowers. The results indicated that all growth parameters of rose plant increased by increasing drought stress, fertilizer rate and their interaction. The values of statistical analysis indicated that no significant differences between the values of growth parameters and longevity of flower under condition of (100% IR and 100% FR), (100% IR and 75% FR) and (75% IR and 50% FR).The previous mentioned treatments combined with 0.8 ppm and /or 1.7 ppm AgNo3 nanoparticles recorded the highest values for vase life of flowers. These application may be recommended that for getting three benefits (saving water, fertilizer and longevity of Rosa cutfower, we have to use the application (75%IR+50% FR and/or AgNo3 nanoparticles). Key words: Rosa, Vase life, wastewater, Fertilizer, irrigation, AgNO3 nanoparticles.

112

INVESTIGATION THE EFFECTS OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MEDICINAL PLANT OF TARRAGON(ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS) Behrooz ESMAIELPOUR, Seide Fateme HATAMI Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IRAN (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation on the morphological traits of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) a factorial pot experiment based on completely randomized design with four replication were conducted in research field of Horticulture Department of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2011. Experimental treatments include inoculation with three species of rhizobacteria namely Azotobacter, Azosperillium, Pseudomonas suspension in single and combination application and control (without inoculation with bactery), which applied as rhizome inoculation and foliar spraying. Result revealed that inoculation of tarragon plants with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria had significant effect on growth parameters. The highest value for traits such as the number of stem branches and rhizome and leaf number were obtained by foliar application of Azosperillium – Pseudomonas combination and combined form of three mentioned Rhizobacteria. Rhizome inoculation of Azotobacter Azosperillium combination caused increases in plant height and rhizome dry weight in comparison to control. In general results of this investigation indicated that inoculation with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria leds to increases in growth indices of tarragon plants by enhancing root growth and development by supplying favorable condition for plant growth with respect to supplying better condition for water and nutritional elements absorption from soils. Keywords: Biofertilizer, Plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria, Tarragon, medicinal plant.

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AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF PROTOPLASTS ISOLATION AND VIABILITY FROM CALLUS OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS Esmaeil CHAMANI*, S. K. TAHAMI Department of Horticultur Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Protoplast includes all cell components except the cell wall. Protoplasts is useful in genetic studies, cell physiology, and plasma membrane. Also, protoplasts are important in production of new genotypes in flowers, ornamental plants, somatic hybridization and somachlonal variation. In this study, an efficient protocol to isolate the protoplast from callus culture of Fritillaria imperialis was developed. A range of parameters which influence the isolation of F. imperialis protoplasts were investigated. The results revealed that callus fresh weight (FW) of 0.4 g produced the highest number of viable protoplasts (1.12 × 105 protoplasts/g FW). Analysis of variance indicated that concentration, time and three-way interaction of cellulase, pectinase and time were significant at P 10 years). Model simulations were evaluated against the measured data of topsoil organic carbon and the results of the models were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. All models consider carbon input with plant residues as major decomposable pool of carbon. Therefore yield performance significantly contributes to soil carbon change. However, variation from the computed value may be attributed to the effects of environmental stress or pest, diseases and weed effects on yield. A comparison of the models overall performance across datasets reveals better applicability within the 3–year rotation. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that RothC model and ICBM are the most suitable for the estimation of soil organic carbon change and can be used for the modeling of carbon changes on the Chernozem soils within similar agroecological conditions. With anticipated dependence of yield on increase in mean temperatures and precipitation soil carbon balance will be sufficiently sensitive to crop management. Consequently, anticipation of soil carbon with models will become increasingly important in the preservation of soil organic matter. Key words: soil organic carbon, chernozem, yield, crop residue, climate.

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GENETIC ESTIMATIONS OF SOME VINE VARIETIES IN KOSOVO BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKERS AND AGRONOMIC DATA’S Ylber BAJRAKTARI1*, A. BACU1, N. BAJRAKTARI – MUJA2, N. BAJRAKTARI3 1

University of Tirana, Albania University of Pristina, Pristina 3 University of Prizren, Prizren, Kosovo (Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract Paper aims at definition of some typical autochthonous and regional cultivars with good harvest features and high adaptation in climatic and ground conditions in Kosovo region. The biggest viticulture area is located through Drini i Bardhe valley 340 – 600 meters above the see level. The most of vineyards are in hills areas and in valley slopes and well exposed to sunny beams, with annual rainfall of 743 mm and average monthly temperatures above 10 oC in 208 days. Although grape cultivation exists for a long time, this area is converted to very high productive area through years. The intensive agriculture improved agrobiologic characteristics of grape cultivars and modification of environmental parameters related with pedology / microclimate conditions and further more had great impact on economic development of area. The definition of grape vine variety according to ampelografic study and definition of variety studied according to IPGRI (The International Plant Genetic Resours Institute) are given. Biological material is collected from the field, fresh leafs and pencils for incubation. From all cultivars from all studied vineyard zones are taken 10 parallel genotypes for extraction of DNA. In total, 1 vineyard zone x 3 locations x 5 cultivars x 10 parallels amounted to number of 150 extractions. The extraction method used was based on use of CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromidel) customized for grape plants. The estimation of amount and quality of DNA extracted is based on protocols given by Sambrook (1998). The amount and quality of collected DNA resulted to the measurement report OD 260/280 nm between 1.6 – 1.8 , well reasonably for molecular estimation. Key words: Vine varieties, environmental conditions, biological materials, Kosovo. 120

2. PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY

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RESISTANCE RISK ANALYSIS FOR PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS Sakine Ugurlu KARAAĞAÇ Karabük University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 78050 Karabük-TURKEY (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Resistance is the naturally occurring, inheritable adjustment in the ability of individuals in a population to survive a plant protection product treatment that would normally give effective control. Although resistance can be demonstrated in the laboratory, this does not mean that pest control in the field is reduced. The importance of resistance depends on the target pest(s) and crop(s), and on the relevance of the product among the available control measures. For this reason, resistance must be determine by using standard test methods and monitor for key pests. Resistance can be seen for insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Detection of resistance, monitoring and assessment of resistance risk are interrelated. The aim of resistance risk analysis is to describe how the risk of resistance to plant protection products can be assessed and systems for risk management can be proposed in the context of official registration of plant protection products. Resistance risk analysis is a two-stage process, composed of resistance risk assessment and resistance risk management. Keywords: Resistance, risk assessment, risk management, pests, plant protection products.

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CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM BY COMBINING BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND SODIUM BICARBONATE Svetlana ZIVKOVIC1*, Veljko GAVRILOVIC1, Stefan STOSIC3, Dusica DELIC2, Nenad DOLOVAC1 1

Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia 3 Scholar of Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In the recent years, biological control has been explored as an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides for managing postharvest decay. Some exogenous substances, such as chitosan, amino acids, carbohydrates, carbonate and bicarbonate salts have been studied to enhance biocontrol capability of antagonists against fungal pathogens. Simultaneous application of chemicals and biocontrol agents could provide more effective means of control and consistent results than that of one approach alone. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (CFBP 4228) with and without sodium bicarbonate (SBC) against Penicillium expansum on apple fruits. The addition of 3% (w/v) SBC in the suspension of B. subtilis completely inhibited spore germination of P. expansum in potato dextrose broth medium. In combination with B. subtilis, SBC exhibited a consistent ability to enhance the biocontrol performance of antagonist against P. expansum. Lesion diameter of apple fruits treated with mixture of B. subtilis and SBC was significantly reduced, in contrast to inoculation with B. subtilis alone. The results of this study show that combination of B. subtilis and SCB provided a more effective control on P. expansum than applying the antagonist or SBC alone, and can be used as a non-chemical alternative treatment against blue mold on apple fruits. Keywords: Penicillium expansum, postharvest decay, Bacillus subtilis, sodium bicarbonate.

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CORRELATIVE DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN THE DENSITY AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF SINAPIS ARVENSIS (L) Ralitsa NAKOVA Institute of Soil Science, Agrotehnologies and Plant Protection “ Nikola Poushkarov”, Sofia, Bulgaria (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Pot trials were performed in a glasshouse of Institute, during 2011 and 2012. The experiment included five variants with different density of Sinapis arvensis L. (1, 3, 6 and 9 plants per plot) with four replicates. The weed height, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area were determined on 5th, 15th, 25th, 35th days after seed germination. The dependence between the number of Sinapis arvensis and growth parameters his is summarized by the coefficient of correlation (r2). It was established that the main parameters determining intraspecific competitive relations in the weed are height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area. The growth parameters of Sinapis arvensis progressively decreased as the number of weed from 3 to 9 per pot increased. Results of investigation showed that between density of the weed and growth and development his correlative negative dependencies was found. The coefficients of correlation (r2) were very high during the period of studies 5-35 days after germination in all parameters. Marked negative correlations are significant. Height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area of weed plants significantly decreased with increasing density of Sinapis arvensis. The density of this weeds is one the factors which govern its growth, development and seed production. Intraspecific competitive relation and correlative negative dependencies between the density of Sinapis arvensis and its growth parameters could be useful for examining the biological control of weeds and prediction of yield loss in crop. Key words: Sinapis arvensis, density, growth parameters, coefficient of correlation.

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PESTS OF APPLE LEAF AND FLOWER BUDS IN THE REGION OF EAST SARAJEVO Dejana TESANOVIC1*, Radoslava SPASIC2 1

Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Insect species that feed with leaf and flower buds of apple are significant pests in all areas where this kind of fruit-trees are cultivated. Feeding with buds as imago and/or larvae of these insects do, make damages manifesting in buds drying, disturbing normal development of leaves and flowers, reduction in the yield and quality of fruits. Exeminations were carried out in apple orchards in three locations on the region of East Sarajevo. Two extensive plantations over 40 years old were situated in the localities of Kasindo and Pale, while one intensive and youngish orchard with sorts Idared, Jonagold and Gold Delicious, was in the locality of Kula. Presence and harmfulness of buds pests was observed in the period of 2007-2008. Seven species of harmful insects have been reared and determined on apple leaf and flower buds. Six Lepidopterous species were from the families Tortricidae and Geometridae, and one Coleopterous species was from the family of Curculionidae. Torticidae was represented with four species: Hedya nubiferana Haworth, Spilonota (Tmetocera) ocellana Fab., Archips podana Scopoli and Pandemis heperana Den.et Schiff. Two Geometrid species were Hibernia defoliaria Clerck and Cheimatobia brummata Linne. Only one beetle from the family Curculionidae was Anthonomus pomorum Linne. In extensive plantations the most numerous species on leaf buds during both years was Ch. brummata, but on flower buds it was A. pomorum. In intensive plantation on a leaf buds existed 3 species, but two of them (P. heperana and H. defoliaria) were more numerous, while on a flower buds dominated A. pomorum with almost equal representation in all sorts and in both years. Keywords: insect pests, leaf buds, flower buds, apple, East Sarajevo.

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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONTRACTS AND FOOD SAFETY Izabela LIPIŃSKA Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Faculty of Economics and Social Studies, Management and Law Department *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Food safety is currently one of the most urgent issues in both EU’s and global agriculture. One of its basis tool might be the cultivation contract that is strictly related with the process of production and supply in agriculture. The contract in question has numerous functions, which are modified along with the technological progress. However, it should still be seen as the main stem of the system supplying raw materials for the agri-food industry. The contract plays a huge role in the agro-logistics chain. It covers such elements as planning, gathering, controlling and flow of the materials that are directed to the processing or sell. Besides, it should be perceive as a legal instrument limiting broadly understood risk in agricultural production. The aim of the article is an attempt to indicate the role of the production contract in providing the food safety. The article also aims to answer the question what safety issues might be covered by such a contract to fulfill the general safety standards. Keywords: agricultural production contracts, production risk, food safety, agri-food industry, food chain.

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RESIDUES FOLPET IN GRAPE ŽILAVKA AND BLATINA VARIETIES FROM PLANTATION CULTIVATION AND IN THE SMALL VINEYARD Vedrana KOMLEN*, Alma RAHIMIC, Dženan VUKOTIC, Jadranka PEJICIC, Jasmina ALIMAN Agromediterranean faculty, University „Džemal Bijedić“ in Mostar, Bosni and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The application of pesticides is a necessary measure in the cultivation of grapevine. Fungicides, in comparison to other pesticides, are the most often used in vineyards due to the sensitivity of grapevine on the most common diseases caused by pathogenic fungi (Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator and Botrytis cinerea), which reduce the yield and quality of grapes. Frequent use and misuse regardless respecting of preharvest period, causes acumulation of fungicide active substances in grapes, and then their transfer into the wine. In this paper the results of the residues of folpet in two most frequently grown varieties of wine grape (Žilavka and Blatina) from plantation cultivation and in the small vineyard are presented. The device GC/MS Agilent 7890A/5975C and analysis method UNI EN 15662:2009 QuEChERS was used for determination of residues of folpet. Determined concentrations of residues of folpet in grapes of Žilavka and Blatina grown in 2011 in two plantations and in the small family vineyard were below the MRL value (Maximum Residue Levels) determined for folpet with Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005, which for wine grapes is 5 mg / kg as well with Regulations on the quantities of pesticides and the other toxic substances, hormones, antibiotics and mycotoxins that may be present in food ("Official gazette of SFRJ", No. 59/83 and 79/87) that for folpet is 2 mg/kg. Key words: grapes, folpet, MRL, Žilavaka, Blatina.

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EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON SPECIES COMPOSITION OF INSECT PESTS ON WINTER TRITICALE DURING THE SPRING AND SUMMER IN BULGARIA Hristina KRASTEVA*, Vladimir KRUMOV, Olia KARADJOVA Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection “Nikola Pushkarov”, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The effect of sowing date of winter triticale on the species composition of insect pests on the crop during the spring and summer growth stages was evaluated in Kostinbrod (Bulgaria) for the period 2009 - 2013. Forty-two damaging insect species belonging to six orders: Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, were identified. In early spring (during the growth stages of tillering and stem elongation) the most damaging species for early winter sowings (sown during the last decades of September) were stem boring pests. Their complex included adults of Hemiptera, and larvae of Coleoptera and Diptera, among which Opomyza florum and Phorbia fumigata were the most important species. Damages caused by O. florum were prevalent in early sowings, while those caused by P. fumigata were more pronounced in late triticale sowings (sown in the second and third decade of October). In late spring and early summer (during the growth stages of heading – ripening of winter triticale) the most damaging insects were sap-sucking species from the orders Thysanoptera and Hemiptera, and family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). The wheat thrips Haplothrips tritici was the most abundant. Twenty five species of Hemiptera from the families Aphididae (3 species), Aphrophoridae (1 species), Cicadellidae (9 species), Delphacidae (1 species), Miridae (5 species), Pentatomidae (4 species) and Scutelleridae (2 species) were found to damage the leaves, spike and grains of winter triticale. The dominant species were Aelia rostrata and Eurygaster maura. Insect pests from the genera Dolerus and Cephus were of insignificant importance. Keywords: damages.

growth stages of winter triticale, insect pests, sowing date,

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USE OF PHEROMONES FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF MAIN PESTS OF APPLE IN BULGARIA Hristina KUTINKOVA1*, Vasiliy DZHUVINOV1, Veselin ARNAUDOV1, Radoslav ANDREEV2, Jörg SAMIETZ3 1

Fruit Growing Institute, 12 “Ostromila” kv., 4004 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Agricultural University, 12 “Mendeleev” blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria 3 Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland *(Corresponding author: [email protected]) 2

Abstract The trials were carried out in Bulgaria in the years 2006-2008. The possibilities for reducing the number of treatments with chemical insecticides against pests in apple orchards of Bulgaria, by use of synthetic sex pheromones have been studied. In some species this reduction may be due solely to an adequate monitoring strategy implemented by pheromone traps, indicating the most appropriate time for treatment, thus avoiding inappropriate sprays. The pests that may be successfully controlled using this strategy are leaf miners, apple sawfly, San Jose scale, apple clearwing and leopard moth borer. The key pest of apple – codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., which has shown the high resistance to most chemical insecticides used, can be successfully controlled using the method of mating disruption (MD), consisting in disorientation of males, by dispersion of the synthetic pheromone over an orchard lot. A significant reduction of population density of this pest is possible through a combination of mating disruption with application of virus insecticides. The present review paper contains a summary of the selected, most important results of investigations on use of sex pheromones for management of apple pests, carried out by the authors in Bulgaria. Keywords: apple pests, codling moth, sex pheromones, flight monitoring, mating disruption, Bulgaria.

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VEGARD – BOTANICAL FUNGICIDE Snezana RAJKOVIC1*, Miroslava MARKOVIC1, Aleksandar LUCIC1,Ljubinko RAKONJAC1, Radoslav RAJKOVIC2, Dragan MITIC3 1

2

Institute of Forestry, Kneza Viseslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Innovation center, Queen Mary 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, 3 IRITEL a.d, Batajnicki put 23, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae, appears as a white powdery growth on rose leaves, stems, buds, or flowers.. We studied the development of S. pannosa var.rosae in roses in Serbia and protection with Vegard 0.5% AS. The trials were set according to the instructions of methods PP1/152(2) (EPPO, 1997) and PP1/104(2). Phytotoxicity was estimated by PP 1/135(2) (EPPO, 1997). The differences of the disease intensity were evaluated by the analysis of variance and LSDtest. The results of the research have demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference between mid-treatments of other variances and all other treatments, and the differences are incidental. The summary of meteorological data and intensity of infection during the experiment are controled. Key words: Vegard, Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae, roses, efficacy

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CHEMICAL CONTROL OF CURCULIO NUCUM L. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) WITH KNAPSACK SPRAYERS EQUIPPED WITH AIR-ASSISTED ROTARY DISC NOZZLES Hüseyin DURAN1, İbrahim ÇİLİNGİR2, Kibar AK1 1 2

Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun University of Ankara Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The hazelnut is one of Turkey’s most important agricultural exports. The nut weevil Curculio nucum L. is the most dangerous pest of hazelnut trees. In this study, we used knapsack sprayers with air-assisted rotary disc nozzles for the chemical control of the nut weevil in hazelnut orchards. The study was conducted in the province of Samsun between 2008 and 2009, in an orchard with planting distances of 4 x 4.5 m between the trees, and an average tree height of 4.5-5 m. During the study, insecticide applications were performed at different doses. Important pulverization characteristics (volume median diameter, residue etc.) were determined by performing trace residue studies. The food dye, tartrazine, was used in trace residue studies. Biological effectiveness studies were also performed by using Carbosulfan insecticide. During the studies, the hazelnut trees were divided horizontally (lower, middle, upper) and vertically (external, middle, central) into different zones, and the consistency of insecticide distribution, insecticide penetration, residue and pesticide loss were determined. It was observed that the residue varied depending on different zones of the hazelnut trees. Based on the trace residue studies, the highest quantities of residue were identified in the middle and lower zones of trees. Biological effectiveness studies were conducted by performing cage and parcel tests. Based on these tests, the number of dead, alive, and paralyzed mature nut weevils was determined. During the study, the insecticide was applied at 1/1 dose, ¾ dose, ½ dose, and at a standard dose of 20 l/da. The biological effectiveness value in the cage studies was 97.34% at full dose, 93.55% at ¾ dose, and 90.67% at ½ dose. The biological effectiveness value in the parcel studies was 97.25% at 1/1 dose, 91.03% at ¾ dose, and 80.27% at ½ dose. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that effective chemical control against nut weevils can be achieved with insecticide applications performed at 1/1 dose, at ¾ dose, and at a standard dose of 20 l/da. Keywords: Hazelnut, Curculio nucum, sprayer, residue. 131

CONTROL OF EARLY BROWN ROT - BLOSSOM BLIGHT IN SOUR CHERRY CAUSED BY MONILIA LAXA Milena DIMOVA1*, Miroslav TITJNOV2 1

Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Early brown rot (Monilia laxa) in stone fruit species is an economically important fungal disease. Infection and spread occur during flowering. The infected blossoms, young leaves and shoots become necrotic and die. Cool and humid weather creates favourable conditions for early infection causing loss of flowers and great reduction of yield. The aim of the present study was to follow out the efficiency of different fungicides applied for control of blossom blight caused by Monilia laxa at crucial phenological stages of sour cherry development. Observations on Monilia laxa development and spread were carried out in the period 2008-2012, in a sour cherry orchard with three cultivars: ‘Oblachinska’, ‘Schattenmorelle’ and ‘Heimanns Rubin, in the region of Hisar town. In 2008 a treatment with thiophanate-methyl /Topsin M/ at the rate of 150 g/dka was applied at the flowering stage. The infection rate of Monilia laxa, reported after flowering, was 32% in ‘Oblachinska’ cv., 17 % in ‘Schattenmorelle’ and 8% in ‘Heimanns Rubin, respectively. In untreated trees of the same cultivars, the infection rate was 97%, 54% and 21%, respectively. In the next years 2009-2012, different fungicides were applied at the white button phenological stage, followed by spraying during flowering stage. After flowering stage, reporting the injuries caused by Monilia laxa showed that the infection rate was decreased and in 2012 disease development ceased. Key words: early brown rot, Monilia laxa , sour cherry.

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EFFECT OF FERTILIZER RATES ON THE INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS OF SORGHUM BICOLOR (L) MOENCH IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA Afia Serwaa KARIKARI*, I.D.K. ATOKPLE, S.S. BUAH, A.L. ABDULAI, P.M. ETWIRE, P. ASUNGRE Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) – Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI). Ghana *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Physiological susceptibility of crops to insect pests may be affected by the form and level of fertilizer used. The study was to identify the insect pests of some newly improved varieties of sorghum and evaluate the effect of different fertilizer rates of inorganic fertilizer on the pests in northern region of Ghana. The experiment was undertaken within the Yendi and SaveluguNanton Municipalities of the region in a split plot design with four replicates at each site. Fertilizer levels served as the main plots and varieties as the subplots. Three varieties of sorghum namely, Kapaala (improved variety), Dorado (improved variety) and Kadaga (farmer variety) were used. Three fertilizer rates were also used. These were higher rate (250 kg NPK +250 kg SA/ha) recommended rate (250 kg NPK +125 kg SA/ha) and no fertilizer (as control). Data was collected fortnightly throughout the growing season of the crop and the insect pests and their numbers were recorded. Insects identified on the sorghum crops within both Yendi and Savelugu districts were grasshoppers, stemborers, leafminers, headbugs, midges, spittle bugs and others such as beetles and planthoppers. There were significant differences in the effects of the three fertilizer rates on the incidence of the different insects identified. However considering a particular insect species the fertilizer rates did not show marked differences in their effects. Midges and headbugs highly infested Kapaala and Dorado varieties than the Kadaga variety. The observation was attributed to the relatively compact heads of Kapaala and Dorado varieties which favours oviposition of the insects. Keywords: Sorghum, insect pests, Ghana, fertilizer rates, improved varieties.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE SANITARY STATUS OF POME FRUIT CROPS IN KOSOVO, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO VIRUS, VIROID AND BACTERIAL DISEASES Naim KRASNIQI1*, Franco VALENTINI1, Adem DEMAJ2, Khaled DJELOUAH1 1

CIHEAM/MAIB-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy 2 University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Prishtina, Kosovo *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Pome fruits represent very important fruit crops in Kosovo, covering around 50% of the total fruit production. In order to understand the phytosanitary status of pome fruits crops in the Kosovo assessment was carried out for detecting 4 viruses (ACLSV, ASGV, ApMV, ASPV), 3 viroids (ADFVd, ASSVd, PBCVd) and 3 bacteria (Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans) on apple and pear. For detection of viruses and viroids serological (ELISA) and molecular techniques (RT-PCR) were used. Concerning bacteria, morphological, biochemical (LOPAT test) and molecular (rep-PCR) tests were performed. This survey showed that ASPV, ACLSV, ASGV and ApMV were detected in the main apple producing areas in Kosovo, while no pear trees were found infected by these viruses. ADFVd was also detected on apple. Moreover, Erwinia amylovora was widely distributed on apple and pear in different cultivated areas. Key words: Kosovo, pome fruits, viruses, viroids, bacteria.

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MONITORING RESULTS FOR SCAPHOIDEUS TITANUS BALL (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) IN GRAPE-GROWING REGION OF PODGORICA IN 2012 Sanja RADONJIC1*, Snježana HRNCIC1, Jelena JOVIC2, Ivo TOSEVSKI2 1

University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Podgorica, Montenegro 2 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Zemun, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract After the first record of the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) presence in the vineyards of Montenegro in 2008, in the vicinity of the city of Podgorica, situated in the largest wine-growing region in Montenegro (Podgorički subregion), during the following years it has mostly spreaded to new localities adjacent to the first detection site. In the 2012, monitoring was conducted on three localities within the Podgorički subregion (Šušunja, Lješkopolje and Beri). In all inspected vineyards dominant variety of grapevine was black variety Vranac and, in a lesser extent, black variety Kratošija. In order to detect presence and the beginning of S. titanus nymph emergence, lower side of the oldest grapevine leaves were visually inspected from midMay to mid-June, while adults were collected from the beginning of July to the end of August. In each locality 10 rows were checked per vineyard. For nymph presence, ten plants in each row were inspected and adults were collected by sweeping with entomological net (10 bits per row). Presence of S. titanus eggs were checked in two and three year-old grapevine shoots. In January 2013, in each locality, 50 shoots per vineyard were collected and examined in laboratory. Results of monitoring showed presence of first nymphal instars during the end of May in localities Šušunja and Beri, and first adults in the second half of July. In both localities population density was low and resulted in 4-9 detected nymphs on the grapevine leaves per vineyard, and 1-10 captured adults. The number of S. titanus overwintering eggs, laid on the bark of two and three year-old grapevine wood, were also low in both localities. Presence of S. titanus was not detected in locality Lješkopolje. Key words: Scaphoideus titanus, monitoring, grape-growing region, Podgorica.

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HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION IN A GLUCOSE SYRUP FACTORY Georgiana DECIU, Arina Oana ANTOCE* University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, * (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The glucose syrup is a product obtained from starch slurry through hydrolysis processes. The hazard analysis and critical control points is a management system which aims to assure the safety of the food products by the identification, controlling and prevention of microbiological, chemical and physical hazards. Even if the production process of the glucose syrup is aggressive and unfavourable to the multiplication of microorganisms, the food safety hazards still exist. This paper aims to review the international literature and the general guidelines of food safety assurance in order to optimize the HACCP system already implemented in a glucose syrup factory. Several control and critical control points were identified and for each one the specific monitoring procedure was elaborated. Also, several preliminary programs were identified and centralized in order to prevent the occurrence of hazards. Key words: glucose syrup, HACCP, food safety.

136

LATE BLIGHT ASSESSMENT OF POTATO CULTIVARS USING A NEW EXPRESS METHOD Maria A. KUZNETSOVA*, Svetlana Yu. SPIGLAZOVA, Alexander N. ROGOZHIN, Tatiana I. SMETANINA, Alexey V. FILIPPOV All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology Moscow region, Bolshie Vyazemy, ul. Institute, VNIIF, 143050 Russia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The proposed assessment method makes it possible to evaluate the level of the foliage/tuber susceptibility of potato cultivars to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, under field and laboratory conditions using a mathematical simulation approach. Key words: Phytophthora infestans, late blight, potato resistance.

137

CHANGES IN PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOSCOW PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS POPULATION IN THE PERIOD OF 2000-2011 Natalia V. STATSYUK*, Irina N. KOZLOVSKAYA, Boris E. KOZLOVSKY, Tamara I. ULANOVA, Elena V. MOROZOVA, Maria A. KUZNETSOVA All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Russia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract A long-term monitoring of the Moscow population of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary, a causal agent of the late blight disease of potato, was performed in the period from 2000 to 2011. A total of 1097 isolates has been assessed for changes in phenotypic characteristics such as the virulence pattern, mating type and metalaxyl resistance. A trend toward an increase in the percentage of the A2 mating type was observed in the first half of the period surveyed. During the whole period, metalaxyl-sensitive isolates remained dominant in the population. In recent years the frequency of the virulence gene 2 began to sharply decrease, whereas the frequency of the gene 10 increased. Among rare virulence genes (genes 5, 6 and 9), the gene 9, which has not been revealed in the Moscow Ph. infestans population before 2000, has been stably observed since 2006. Thus, the current Ph. infestans population of the Moscow region includes all 11 virulence genes. During the whole period of the study, the Ph. infestans population was presented mainly by complex races that include 5-11 virulence genes; the fraction of such complex races makes 50-70%. The most complex race, including all 11 virulence genes, was observed in period 2008 to 2011. Key words: Phytophthora infestans, potato, virulence, metalaxyl resistance, mating type.

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CORRELATION OF PHENOLIC COMPONENTS IN RED AND PURPLE TOMATOES Jelena D. MLADENOVIC1*, Gordana S. ACAMOVIC-DJOKOVIC1, Rados M. PAVLOVIC1, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC2, Milan ZDRAVKOVIC2 1

2

Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Different parts of plants (roots, leaves, flowers, fruit, stem, bark) have been successfully used to treat numerous diseases. Tomato is known for its medicinal properties. The components that affect its activity are different phenolic compounds. In this paper, we compared the content of phenolic compounds between the Russian Black Prince variety, type were tested, which is with high content of anthocyanins with hybrid Sidra F1 selections Institute of Vegetable S.Palanka. In the phase of technological maturity, the selection of sample produce for the purpose of chemical analysis has been performed. The object of the paper has been to define and establish the correlation between the total phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the ethanol extracts of tomato . Key words: phenolic components, antimicrobial properties, tomato, extract.

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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LETTUCE Jelena D. MLADENOVIC1*, Gordana S. ACAMOVIC-DJOKOVIC1, Rados M. PAVLOVIC1, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC2, Pavle Z. MASKOVIC1, Milan S. ZDRAVKOVIC2 1

2

Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In recent years, lettuce has been increasingly used in human diet throughout the year because of its nutritional and medicinal properties. In this research, lettuce Lactuca sativa L. var. romana (marula) was used. The content of the antioxidant compounds (phenolic compounds, L-ascorbic acid, -carotene and lycopene) and the antioxidant activity were determined in ethanolic extracts of the lettuce by means of spectrophotometric methods. A high content of phenolic components provides favourable antioxidant properties found in the examined lettuce. According to the results, the lettuce extract displays the antioxidant activity, with the total antioxidant capacity of 78.98 ± 0.25 μg of ascorbic acid/g and 50% inhibition concentration values of 26.95 ± 0.99 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, and 98.88 ± 0.94 μg /mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The antimicrobial activity of the lettuce extract, was tested with bacteria from clean cultures Staphilococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC13315, Proteus mirabilis ATCC14153, Bacillus suptilis ATCC6633, and fungi Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC16404. The antimicrobial activity was determined by microdilution method (MIC). The smallest susceptibility to the ethanolic extract of lettuce was exhibited by the bacteria Staphilococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris (MIC=78,125 g/ml), while the other selected bacteria and fungi showed higher susceptibility (MIC=39,1 g/ml). Keywords: lettuce, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity.

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SENSORY AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PLUM, APRICOT AND PEAR DISTILLATES Jelena PANTOVIC*, Milos BOGDANOVIC, Mirjana RADOVANOVIC Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the sensory properties and certain parameters of the chemical composition of twelve samples of alcoholic beverages. The test samples included: six samples of plum distillates produced in different years (1985., 1997., 2000., 2004., 2007 and 2010), three samples of apricot distillates and three samples of pear distillates produced in the years 2004., 2007. and 2010. All samples were collected in the region of Čačak. The sensory properties analysed were: colour, smell, taste, clarity and typicality. The following chemical characteristics were evaluated: ethanol content, total acidity, volatile acids, nonvolatile acids and esters. The quality of the distillates analysed depended both on the type of fruit used to obtain the distillate and year. The analyses showed that the 1985 plum distillate exhibited the best sensory properties (total score 19.30) as well as the highest values for both the alcohol content (55% v/v) and total acidity (2.76 g/l). Volatile acids, nonvolatile acids and esters in the sample were found at 1.992 g/l, 0.768 g/l and 1520 mg/laa, respectively. Key words: alcoholic beverages, chemical composition, sensory properties.

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. AND ABUTHILON THEOPHRASTI MED. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN SEED Branko KONSTANTINOVIC*, Milan BLAGOJEVIC, Bojan KONSTANTINOVIC, Natasa SAMARDZIC University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad Department for Environmental and Plant Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected].)

Abstract During 2012 allelopathic effects of Xanthium strumarium L. and Abutilon theophrasti Med. extracts to germination and initial development of maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.) were studied in laboratory conditions. In addition to the Water extracts out of dry mass of the tested weed species, extracts made by use of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in different concentrations were also used. The applied concentrations were 10, 20, 30 and 40 g/l of dry matter made out of weed species in the 3-4 leaf stage of development. Inhibiting effect of water extract from dry matter of Xanthium strumarium (L.) and methanol extract from which methanol part was evaporated to maize seed epicotyls and hypocotyls length was established. In comparison to the control, the maximum concentration of 40 g / l of the extract made from Water solution of Abutilon theophrasti Med. showed inhibitory effect on soybean seed epicotyls and hypocotyls length. The study was conducted in a randomized block design with 4 replications during which 25 seeds of maize and soybean were laid into Petri dishes. The applied extracts made out of dry matter of the both of the studied weed species Xanthium strumarium (L.) and Abutilon theophrasti Med. reduced maize seed germination for 14.8-26.83% and soybean seed germination for 18.5-35.82%, in comparison to the control in which it was 95% and 92%, respectively. After germination in a climate chamber, epicotyls’ and hypocotyls’ length of maize and soybean seeds was measured three, six and ten days following spraying by extracts. Key words: allelopathy, extraction, maize, soybean, seed.

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POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN SPRING RAPESEED Petar MITROVIC1*, Dragana MARISAVLJEVIC2, Milan JOCKOVIC1, Danijela PAVLOVIC2, Nenad DUSANIC1, Nada LECIC1, Erika Pfaf DOLOVAC2 1

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorki, 21 000 Novi Sad 2 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Possibility to chemically control, annual and perennial broad-leaf and narrow-leaf, weeds in spring rapeseed has been tested in the experimental station of Rimski Šančevi (locality: Novi Sad). The following herbicides (a.i.) were tested: trifluralin, clomazone, quizalofop-p-ethyl and clopyralid. Simultaneously we tested the effect of the herbicides on hectoliter weight of seed, as well as oil and protein content in seed. In Novi Sad, the location predominated by annual broadleaf weeds, the performance of these herbicides was much better. The tested herbicides differed significantly in their effect on the quantity and quality on yield parameters of spring rapeseed. Of all the tested herbicides only the application of Gamit (clomazone) showed phytotoxicity that was expressed on plants. Key words: spring rapeseed, weeds, herbicides.

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FIRST REPORT OF RHIZOCTONIA ZEAE CAUSING STUNTING AND ROOT ROT ON WHEAT IN TURKEY Filiz ÜNAL1*, F. Sara DOLAR2, Süreyya ÖZBEN1 1

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Central Plant Protection Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Rhizoctonia is a destructive soilborne pathogen with a wide host range in the world. It is one of the main causal agents of dryland root rot on wheat in Turkey. Wheat is widely planted in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. In order to identify species of Rhizoctonia, surveys of wheat fields in the Konya, Ankara, Eskisehir, Yozgat and Kırıkkale (provinces in the Central Anatolia Regions) were undertaken. Three of the Rhizoctonia isolates collected from necrotic lesions on the root and crown were identified as Rhizoctonia zeae (teleomorph: Waitea circinata var. zeae), as well four of the isolates from rhizosphere soils. Species identification were done according to the basis of hyphal and colony morphology, anastomosis reaction with known tester isolates and comparing sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Colonies growth on PDA were orange when young and became salmon colored with age. Sclerotia were uniform and nearly spherical, mostly 0.2 to 0.5 mm in diameter, initially orange and turned brown during time. The number of nucleus in each hypha cell was 4 to 8. The resulting sequences were compared to other sequences and were 82 to 95% identical to other R. zeae sequences in GenBank. First pathogenicity test was conducted with agar- plate assay with all isolates and then it was tested on seedlings grown in pots the most virulent isolate on susceptible wheat cultivar. Test was done in the greenhouse conditions at 23 ± 2 °C, with a 12-h photoperiod and 50–60% RH. Average disease severity value was determined as 81%. Pathogenicity tests revealed that Rhizoctonia zeae caused significant reduction of emergence, stunting, reduction in the number of seminal roots and superficial discolouration on the hypocotyls and roots on wheat. Non-inoculated plants remained healthy. This is the first report of R. zeae isolated from wheat plants and rhizosphere soils in Turkey. Keywords: Rhizoctonia zeae, first report wheat, Turkey.

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COLEOPTERAN PESTS INTERCEPTED ON IMPORTED FOREST PRODUCTS IN TURKEY Vildan BOZKURT*, Ayşe ÖZDEM, Erdogan AYAN Plant Protection Central Research Institute-Ankara/TURKEY *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Five species of pests were intercepted in timbers imported to Turkey. All of them had plant quarantine importance which were determined by Plant Protection Central Research Institute in Ankara. Intercepted pests were identified by an entomologists and taxonomists. These pests ware identified as Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham, 1802) and Scolytus ratzeburgi (Janson, 1856) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and were intercepted from Ukraine in 2009. Another pest was identified as Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Col.: Cerambicidae). It was intercepted on timber imported from Russia in 2011. The other pest Monachamus galliprovicialis (Olivier) (Col.: Cerambicidae) was intercepted on industrial wood imported from Ukraine in 2011. The last one Ips acuminatus Gyllendal (Col.: Scolytidae) was imported from Ukraine in 2012. According to these results, quarantine inspectors at the checkpoints of the plants and plant products entrance gates must be careful during inspections of imported forest products in Turkey. In this study, hosts, damage, geographical distribution, pathways, pest significance and phytosanitary measures were evaluated with regards to these pests. Key words: Coleoptera, Forest product, Interception, Quarantine, Turkey.

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OCCURRENCE OF VIBRIO SPP. IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS HARVESTED FROM BUTRINTI LAGOON, ALBANIA Sonila ÇOÇOLI1*, Pranvera ÇABELI1, Elvira BELI2, Tana SHTYLLA1 1

2

Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Albania Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Albania *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The main production of molluscs in Albania consists in the cultivation of Mytilus galloprovincialis, which takes place in Butrinti lagoon. All the positive cases of Vibrio spp. were isolated between June-September, which is related to the fact that Vibrio species prefer high water temperatures. By analyzing the physical and chemical indicators of water it was observed that the above mentioned species of Vibrio were isolated in the average temperature of 26.2 °C, average pH of 8.42 and average salinity 28.97 ‰. Based on the results obtained from this study, Vibrio species isolated from Butrinti lagoon molluscs were adapted to the following physical-chemical water conditions: temperature intervals of 23.6-28 °C, pH of 8.15 to 8.8 and salinity of 22.1-33.7 ‰. Key words: Bivalve molluscs, Butrinti lagoon, Vibrio spp.

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EFFICIENT PEST CONTROL IN OILSEED RAPE AND POSSIBILITIES FOR PROTECTING THE NATURAL POLLINATORS AND HONEY BEES Yanko DIMITROV, Nedyalka PALAGACHEVA, Milena DIMOVA* Agricultural University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Oilseed rape is attacked by a number of pests, which could compromise the yield and quality of the produce. Losses caused by them could be reduced by applying a broad spectrum of pesticides (insecticides and fungicides) that often have a negative effect on the natural pollinators and honey bees. Studies were carried out in the period 2010-2013 in the Training-andExperimental Fields of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv and in industrial production areas in the regions of Pazardzhik and Plovdiv. Phenological development of oilseed rape and the accompanying phytopathological and entomological problems enabled us to develop a plant protection model. The established critical period at the stages of buttoning – flowering – fruit set, includes the choice of applying the plant protection chemical and the time for realizing efficient control, combined with the possibilities for protecting the pollinators of oilseed rape. Key words: oilseed rape, pests, chemical control, pollinators.

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FIVE YEARS AFTER THE FIRST RECORD OF TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) IN ALGERIA, WHAT DO WE EXPECT FROM ITS NATIVE NATURAL ENEMIES? Yamina GUENAOUI*, A. DAHLIZ , R. BENSAAD, OUEZZANI K. Department of Agronomy ,University Ibn Badis of Mostaganem, Algeria *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Since its first record in the vicinity of Mostaganem (Northwestern Algeria) in spring 2008, the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick has established as a key pest of tomato crops. It is the most important pest devastating tomato crop throughout the year. The development of approaches to manage T. absoluta in Mediteranean countries is depending of several factors. Many works were initiated on its control and much still remains to be done. With the aim of gathering more information about practices, we monitored T.absoluta infestation in greenhouses. The list of its native enemies is in expansion, reaching nowadays over 10 native species The mainly species of predators belong to the Miridae family (Macrolophus pygmaeus, Nesidiocoris tenuis and Dyciphus tamanii) and the most important parasitoid species belong to the Eulophidae family with three dominant species (Necremnus arthynes, Stenomesius sp and Neochrysocharis formosa).The first parasitoid species is found through the country while the second was more recorded in the South part of Algeria. When farmers adopt spontaneously chemical control because not having enough understanding about side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms there are difficulties in doing available work on biological control On the other hand unfortunately some native enemies are recorded under a misidentification. Indirect interactions were found have been neglected to explain the parasitism rate. We are trying to explain what we have to do encouraging acceptable results in greenhouses and open fields. This way seems to us to be necessary because we are in constant suspense between enthusiasm and discouragement. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, biological control, native natural enemies, integrated pest management.

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AN EXAMPLE OF CROATIAN LABELING FOR PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS Frane STRIKIC*, Mira RADUNIC, Marin CAGALJ, Tatjana KLEPO Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Put Duilova 11, Croatia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Food markets are saturated with highly competitive products that often do not posses the adequate quality. For this reason, consumers are uncertain about the quality and origin of the food products that they intend to buy. European Commission recognize this problem and in 1992 created labels for protection of agricultural food products, known as “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO), “Protected Geographical Indications” (PGI) and “Traditional Specialty Guarantee” (TSG). Croatia adopted these labels in 1995, since then, 4 products are registered with PDO label, 8 products with PGI label and one product is under the process of getting PDO label. At the beginning of 2012 the project aimed to protect the geographical origin of “Vrgorac strawberries” was initiative by strawberry producers’ association. The aim of project is to enhance production, increase competitiveness and quality of strawberries form area of Vrgorac. In the survey entire producing area of “Vrgorac strawberry” was involved, including the fields Rastok, Kotezi, Kokorici, Prapatnica, Jezero and Pojezerje. Furthermore, in this project, supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of Croatia, the production processes and the production range were standardized, and the most important chemical, morphological and organoleptic characteristics of the strawberries from that area were described. Based on the obtained results, a specification of “Vrgorac strawberry” will be drafted and submitted to the procedure for getting the protection of geographical indications label. Keywords: labels, protection of food products, protected geographical indications, evaluation, strawberry.

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EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT WITH PLANT EXTRACT , BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS IN CONTROLLING FUNGI CAUSING COWPEAS DAMPING – OFF AND ROOT ROT Esam SULAIMAN, H.N.ABDULHAFEDH Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Mosul, Iraq (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This study was conducted at the College of Education, University of Mosul – Iraq, to evaluate the control effectiveness of root rot and damping- off disease of cowpeas caused by Fusarium heterosporum Macrophomina phaseolina, F.solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Seeds are treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of neem (Melia azedarach), as well as biocontrol agents Trichoderma viride and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and with fungicide Dithane M-45. Rsesults indicate the superiority of Dithane M-45 than all biological treatments in decreasing infection percentage of pre-emergence and post-emergence and disease severity (2.96% , 3.51 % and 0.14 respectively) followed by alcoholic extract of neem leaves (4.44% , 5.18 % and 0.15 % respectively) which doesn't differ with the fungal biocontrol agent T.viride. Moreover,it treatments have increased each of seedling lenghth of shoot, root and dry weight . Keywords: Plant extracts, Biocontrol, Seed treatment, Damping-off, Root rot, Cowpea.

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INFLUENCE OF LACTATE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BEEF MINCED MEAT PACKAGED IN MAP M. STOJANOVSKI1., A. KUZELOV2, Elena JOŠEVSKA1, DZULIJANA TOMOVSKA1, D. ANDRONIKOV2 1

Faculty of Biotechnical Sciences, University St.’’Kliment Ohridski’’, Bitola, Macedonia 2 Agricultural Faculty, University ‘’Goce Delčev’’, Štip, Macedonia

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the influence of lactate on the sustainability of minced beef, stored in different temperature conditions. As test material were used fresh ground beef. Immediately after grinding, meat is treated with lactate packaged in modified atmosphere and stored at 2°C and 6°C. During storage the color of meat and pH value were measured, and sensory characteristics were studied. Based on the performed investigation it was found that the meat treated with lactate and stored at 2°C and 6°C are characterized by greater sustainability. Key words: beef minced meat, lactate, MAP, pH value.

151

DEHYDRINS FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA EXPRESSED IN E. COLI PROTECT MEMBRANES DURING FREEZING Vladan BOZOVIC1*, Jan SVENSSON2, Jurgen SCHMITT3, Carsten KOHN3 1

University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro Uppsala Genetic Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 3 Institute for Plant Physiology and Microbiology – Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - FU Berlin, Germany *(Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]) 2

Abstract As the name dehydrins implies, these proteins are typically expressed in response to dehydration which can be caused by drought, osmotic stress or freezing temperatures. In general, dehydrins occur in plants as multi-gene families. Arabidopsis dehydrins (LTI29, ERD14, COR47 and RAB18) have been tested for protection of thylakoid membranes during freeze thaw cycle in vitro. Our results show that dehydrins LTI29, ERD14, COR47 protect thylakoid membranes at low temperatures. Results show correlation between level of cryoprotective activity and protein concentration. Our preliminary results indicate possible mechanism of cryoprotection in plants. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, dehydrins, freezing tolerance, thylakoid, cold acclimation.

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ACCESSION OF MONTENEGRO TO THE EUROPEAN UNION: STATE AND CHALLENGES IN THE PHYTOSANITARY POLICY Zorka PRLJEVIC1*, Zoran JOVOVIC2, Ana VELIMIROVIC1, Srđan ĐUKIC1, Milka PETRUSIC1, Tamara POPOVIC1, Gordana FUSTIC1, Maja PETROVIC1 1

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Phytosanitary Directorate, Montenegro 2 University of Montenegro, Biotecnical Faculty, Montenegro (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract In this paper are presented summarized challenges that Montenegro faced in the accession phase in the phytosanitary policy. The EU Member States recognized the independence of Montenegro in June 2006, and Montenegro became a potential candidate for EU membership. The Stabilization and Association Agreement signed on the same date between Montenegro and the EU, entered into force in 2010, abiding Montenegro to all the commitments related to the harmonization of national legislation in line with the EU acquis. This paper explores several key issues: administering the acquis, establishment of efficient institutional mechanisms and capacities in the phytosanitary area and development of the most acceptable administrative system for the establishment of the framework for the European course in field of protection of human, plant and animal life and health and protection of the environment. Coping with all these requirements was burdened with creation of a favorable economic prosperity and improvement of living standards, taking into account all specifics of Montenegro as a small country with limited human resources.This approach was enabled with strong links between all participants in phytosanitary area and common aim of strengthening and establishing relations in phytosanitary policy based on reciprocity and shred interests. Benefits of reforms depicted trough continued improvement and expansion of relations between Montenegro the Union and other Member States. Progress of reforms is summarized in the European Commission’s Opinion stating good level of harmonization of the acquis and well demonstrated and comprehensive understanding of the legislation and deficiencies that must be overcome until the accession date. Key points missing in investigated field are drafting of strategy for implementation, transposition and entering into force of EU acquis, plans for development of administrative capacities, assessment of financial resources and development of action plans. Key words: European Union, Montenegro, accession, phytosanitary policy.

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PRACTICAL IMPLEMANTATION OF THE MONITORING RESULTS OF CUTWORMS ON SELECTED PLANTATIONS OF SUGAR BEET IN POLAND Magdalena JAKUBOWSKA1*, Felicyta WALCZAK1 1

Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Cutworms damage to potatoes or beets are serious problem not only to farmers but also to the processing industry e.g sugar industry. Damage to potato tubers and beet roots can result in serious economic losses for producers (about 50-70%). Cultural practices such as crop rotation have been recognized as a strategy to keep pest populations under control.. The aim of the of monitoring tests with Pfeifer & Langen Poland Company was to create a system for advisory services and raw beet growers in making decisions about the use of insecticidal treatment for the control against cutworms. Therefore, we compared two forecasting models determine time of chemical control, according to the signal and based on the determined sum of heat and sum of effective temperature for the developmental stage of larvae. The monitoring conducted in 2009-2012 by the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, and Pfeifer & Langen Poland SA, in selected plantations of sugar beet in the Wielkopolska and Dolnośląskie region by deployed light traps for catching moths was done. Observations on catches of adults of the Agrotis segetum (Schiff.) and A. exclamationis (L.) was carried out 1-2 times a week, from early May to late July. As a result of growing trials established the beginning date and the maximum number of outlets of the pest in the plantations were established. Also compared the usefulness of its monitoring of catches cutworms with a systematic control of the plantation, since the finding of mass flight of moths. The audit objective was to observe: the beginning of egg laying, hatching the beginning of the first larvae, reaching the 10-12 mm size caterpillars and fix a date treatment of chemical control of cutworm. As a result of the observation period beginning set of moths and the total number of pest in plantations. In the study years insecticidal treatments against cutworms by signaling set between 29 and 40 days from the date indicating the start of a mass flight of moth. The treatments were determined by phenological method give the total heat in the range of 428˚C to 565˚C, and total effective temperature of 120˚C to 260˚C.

Key words: monitoring, sugar beet, cutworms, Poland.

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HERBICIDE RESISTANCE OF CERTAIN WEED SPECIES Branko KONSTANTINOVIC*, Natasa SAMARDZIC, Milan BLAGOJEVIC, Bojan KONSTANTINOVIC University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Development of weed resistance to herbicides is serious and growing problem in numerous agricultural systems all over the world. Herbicide use on farms provides safeness in solving of weed distribution problem, due to which other weed control measures have become of secondary importance and in great extension reduced. Herbicide resistance is an example of fast adaptation of weeds to human activity and therefore research efforts should be directed toward development of economically available strategies for environmental protection and resistance monitoring. Total number of 400 resistant biotypes in the world represents 217 different species, of which 129 are dicotyledonous and 88 monocotyledonous weeds. Evolved weed herbicide resistance has been established for 21 of 25 known herbicide action mechanisms, to 148 herbicides. The most important herbicide resistant weed species in the world are: Lolium rigidum Gaud., Avena fatua L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Setaria viridis (L) Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv., Eleusine indica Gaertn., Kochia scorpia Schrad., Conyza canadensis L. and Amaranthus hybridus L. In our country, so far six weed species resistant to different mechanisms of herbicide action have been identified, and these are: Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium hybridum L., Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria viridis (L) Beauv. In laboratory tests resistance of weed species Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. was established to the herbicide nicosulfuron belonging to the group of ALS inhibitors. Key words: resistance, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., nicosulfuron.

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METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF HMF IN HONEY BY HPLC: A COMPARISON WITH SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC WINKLER METHOD Veronika KMECL Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ulica 17, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an organic compound derived from dehydration of certain sugars. Elevated concentrations of HMF in honey provide an indication of overheating, storage in poor conditions or age of the honey. Due to potentially toxic effect, HMF is essential to evaluate the conformity of honey. The current European and Slovene legislation established that its concentration in honey usually should not exceed 80 or 40 mg/kg, respectively. The International Honey Commission recommends three methods to determine HMF in honey (spectrophotometric methods after White and Winkler and HPLC method). The aim of the study at Central laboratories of Agricultural Institute of Slovenia was developing two methods for determination of hydroxymethylfurfural in honey (HPLC and spectrophotometric Winkler method). The HPLC method comprises dissolution of honey in distilled water, precipitation of proteins, filtration and quantitative determination by high performance liquid chromatography. Winklers method determines the reaction between HMF, barbituric acid and p-toluidine which results to the red dyed complex, measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm. We validated both methods and compared the results of measurements on different sorts of honey samples. The results of measurements indicated lower results using HPLC method. Key words: Honey, HMF, HPLC, Winkler, comparison.

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OCHRATOXIN A AND OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI IN TUNISIAN GRAPES AND WINE Samir CHEBIL*, Salma LASRAM, Ahmed MLIKI , Abdelwahed GHORBEL Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Plants - Borj-Cedria Biotechnology Center. Tunisia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This work summarizes the results of a large study on the occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi and Ochratoxin A (= OTA) from wine and table grapes in Tunisia. Black aspergilli were the dominant genus among the filamentous fungi isolated from grapes and were the only potential OTA-producing fungi found. The most abundant species were member of Aspergillus niger aggregate (63%) and Aspergillus carbonarius (36%). Uniseriate aspergilli were rarely present (1%). Of the A. carbonarius isolates, 97% were OTA positive but only 3% of the A. niger aggregate isolates produce this toxin. During grape maturation, the frequency of black aspergilli increased due to increase of the number of A. carbonarius. Thereafter musts produced from mature grapes were analysed for their OTA content. More than the half of the samples contained detectable levels of OTA, (between 0.01 and 5.85µg OTA l-1). The most contaminated musts were obtained from the region of Raf-Raf located in the North-Est and characterized by a humid climate, however, musts obtained from the region of Regueb located in the center, which is a new area for the grapevine cultivation and characterized with an arid climate were rarely contaminated. For the contamination of tunisian wine, OTA was detected 85% of the analyzed samples. The results show OTA levels ranged between 0.09 and 1.5 µg/L. Neither of the studied samples shown levels above the European regulatory limit (2 µg/L). Keywords: Black aspergilli, grape, HPLC, Ochratoxin A; Tunisian wine.

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COMPOST, COMPOST EXTRACTS AND BACTERIAL SUPPRESSIVE ACTION ON PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM IN TOMATO. Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA*, Rabiaa HAOUALA Higher Institute of Agronomy- Chott Mariem, Tunisia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Effects of three composts prepared from Solid Olive Mill wastes (SOMW), Posidonia oceanica (Po) and Poultry Droppings (PD), at different proportions, were tested on Pythium aphanidermatum. To evaluate the fungal pathogen inhibition, in vitro and in vivo tests were investigated. In vitro tests aimed to study the inhibitive effect of pure compost extracts and of the antagonist bacteria isolated. For the bioassays, drench and root deep inoculations were made on tomato seedlings. Pure extracts inhibited the fungal pathogen growth and inhibition rates were ranged between 14,5% and 22,8%. Isolated bacteria showed also an antagonist action on the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum and the 16sRNA identification of strains having more than 30% of inhibition showed that Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis had the highest inhibition with 38% and 37% respectively. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and P. fluorescens inhibited of a 35% the mycelial growth and Acromobacter xylocoxidans of 34%. In vivo tests showed that drench inoculated seedlings stand of tomato sown in substrates with composts were between 55% and 80%. Root deep inoculated seedlings had a better growth in substrates mixed with composts. Furthermore seedlings in C3 mixed substrate were higher than non inoculated control. Results showed that tested composts acted by their chemical composition and their microorganisms and at appropriate proportions they could be used as biological fertilizers. Key words: Compost, Bacteria, Pythium aphanidermatum, antagonist effect.

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POTENTIAL OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES APPLICATION AGAINST LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS

BLANCHARD IN LEBANON

Elise NOUJEIM1*, Joe SAKR1, Nabil NEMER2 1

National Council for Scientific Research -CNRS, P.O.Box 11-8281, Ryad El Solh 1107 2260, 59, Zahia Selman street, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Head of Agricultural Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, jounieh, Lebanon *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard, the pea leafminer, started to be threaten for vegetable products in Lebanon since the beginning of 1990s. This study addresses the potential of applying a biological control agent, entomopathogenic nematode against L. huidobrensis in vitro. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are parasites of soil-dwelling insects that occur in natural and agricultural soils around the world. Thanks to their entomotoxicity, EPNs are good tools for biological control in agriculture almost everywhere in the world. In the current study, one indigenous strain of EPNs, Heterorhabditis indica, was sampled on the coastal area in Lebanon and tested against L. huidobrensis pupae in vitro. Assays consisted of placing Petri dishes containing sterilized soil and entomopathogenic nematode solution in contact with the pupae of the pea leafminer. While previous studies used larval stages, in the current study, pathogenicity of EPNs is tested in vitro against L. huidobrensis pupae stage for the first time. Out of 150 pupae used during the experiment, 16 ±1.5 % of the pupae emerged into adults of L. huidobrensis and 21±2.5% of the pupae were parasited by another Liriomyza natural pathogene - Diglyphus isaea Walker. Results showed the mortality of 53±1.5% for the L. huidobrensis pupae following the application of entomopathogenic nematodes without any emergence of infestive juveniles nematodes, one month following the infestation. The control tests showed that percentage of emergence from pupae were 79±2%. Comparison with the control tests indicates that 53±1.5% of the L. huidobrensis pupae are potentially parasited by H. indica. The indigenous strain in Lebanon, H. indica can therefore be considered as potential agent in biological control regarding its capability to cause pupae mortality in vitro and being isolated in favorable environmental conditions to the presence of L. huidobrensis pupae which could prevent field trial failures in further studies. Keywords: Liriomyza huidobrensis, biological control, Lebanon. 159

3. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

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GRAIN QUALITY IN ORGANIC AND ECOLOGICAL CROPPING SYSTEMS Vesna DRAGICEVIC1*, Igor SPASOJEVIC1, Snezana OLJACA2, Milena SIMIC1, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC2 1 2

Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Zemun Polje-Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Ecological cropping includes combination of different crops at the same field and application of organic and mineral fertilizers, according to plant requirements. Organic cropping includes application of allowed organic fertilizers. Trial was conducted during 2012. In ecological production maize and soybean were grown as: single crops (SC), in alternating rows (AR) and alternating strips (3 rows of each crop - AS). Fertilization regimes included: urea, Ofert (organic fertilizer), Uniker (microbiological fertilizer) and control. Organic production in trial included spelt, soybean and maize. Fertilization regimes were: DCM EKO-MIX 1 (F1), DIX 10 N (F2) and control. After harvest, grain yield, mass of 1000 grains, and content of phenolics, glutathione, phytate and β-carotene were determined in grain. In ecological production the highest yields and 1000 grain weight were obtained in Uniker treatment, as well as with AR cropping in both crops, with two times higher values in soybean, in relation to control. Generally, soybean grain had higher levels of phytate, phenolics and β-carotene, compared to maize. In organic production differences in yield parameters were insignificant. Uniker show the highest impact on phytate and β-carotene accumulation in grain of both crops in ecological production, and the same trend was noticed in F1 treatment in organic production. The content of phenolics and glutathione varied among fertilization treatments, but the highest values were obtained in AR cropping. Lower level of phytate and higher level of β-carotene achieved in crops from organic production indicated higher nutritional quality of crops produced in this system. Key words: antioxidants, cropping systems, fertilization, grain, composition.

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ALBANIAN CONSUMER ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARD ETHICAL VALUES OF AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS Noureddin DRIOUECH1*, Xhevaire DULJA2*, Roberto CAPONE1, Sandro DERNINI3, Hamid EL BILALI1, Sinisa BERJAN4 and Philipp DEBS1 1

International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy 2 Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness, Albania * 3Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures/Plexus International Forum Onlus, Italy 4 Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Corresponding author: [email protected] and [email protected])

Abstract It is of paramount importance to know consumers’ behavior and attitude toward specific values linked to agro-food products. In fact, there is a constant increase of consumer concern on and interest in products bearing ethical values. The study aims at exploring Albanian consumer knowledge of and attitude toward agro-food products with ethical values such as organic, fair-trade and typical/traditional ones. The work is based on primary and secondary data. Primary information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 311 adult Albanian consumers concentrated mainly in the central, south-eastern, southwestern and northern part of Albania. Respondents were contacted randomly mainly in markets and other shopping areas. Questions dealt mainly with sources of information, knowledge and attitude toward agro-food products with ethical values, including reasons and motivations for buying them, purchasing channels, as well as opinion about prices and willingness to pay. Results obtained show that Albanian consumers have positive attitude toward organic products. About 82% of the interviewees buy organic products because they link the term “organic” with products acquisition directly from farms or in farmers’ market. Most of interviewed Albanian consumers (68%) are aware that their consuming behavior generates environmental, economic and social impacts. In the meantime, the main motivation for buying organic and typical products is that they are considered safer, healthier and tastier. Higher price and low market availability are the main obstacles that should be overcome in order to increase sales of agro-food products with ethical values, which will bring sustainable benefits to Albanian rural areas and consumers. Keywords: consumer, agro-food, ethical values, Albania.

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THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THREE DIFFERENT HAZELNUT VARIETIES COLLECTED AT THE DIFFERENT HARVEST PERIODS Ebru TANRIVERDI1, Ümit GEÇGEL2, Erman DUMAN3, Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN1*, FahadAL JUHAİMİ4 1

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 2 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Tekirdağ, Turkey 3 Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey 4 Department of FoodScience & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King SaudUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract The objective of current study was to determine the chemical properties of hazelnuts collected at the different harvest periods from Giresun province in Turkey. The oil contents of the first harvest period ranged from 12.3% to 6.51%. The moisture contents of nuts were found low in the same period. The oil contents of hazelnuts harvested at the last harvest period were ranged between 53.40% (sharp) to 66.11 (black). In general, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acid were identified as dominant fatty acids. Depending on the cultivar and harvest, the oleic acid have been identified at the highest rate and have been partial differences among the varieties. The oleic acid contents of varieties were determined between 74.79% to 85.58% depending on harvest period. Linoleic acid content was ranged from 5.70 to 15.64 %, palmitic acid content ranged from 4.92% to 7.31%. As other fatty acids was found at the minor level. The highest palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid contents have been identified respectively in Tonbul (II.harvest), Black (II.harvest) and Tonbul (I.harvest) varieties. The optimum harvesting time as depending on the physico-chemical properties of the all hazelnut varieties is understood to be August and September month. Key words: hazelnut, varieties, harvest periods, proximate, fatty aci,d composition.

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EFFECT OF FOLIAR NUTRITION ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOYBEAN YIELD IN ORGANIC CROPPING SYSTEM Vera POPOVIC1*, Jegor MILADINOVIC1, Đorđe GLAMOCLIJA2, Jela IKANOVIC2, Vera ĐEKIC3, Snezana ĐORĐEVIĆ4, Violeta MICKOVSKI STEFANOVIC2 1

2

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorky 30, Novi Sad, Serbia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, Serbia 3 Center for Small Grains, Sava KovačeviC 31, Kragujevac, Serbia 4 Agrounik, d.o.o, Krnješevačka bb., Šimanovci, Serbia *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract Investigation was conducted with the aim of soybean grain productivity determining in the organic cropping systems on parcel of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Backi Petrovac (φN45°20', λE19° 40' 89msl). The study object was the Galina variety, 0 maturity group. The effect of foliar nutrition on morphological characteristics and soybean yield was studied. The experiment included two variants: variant without fertilizing (control) and fertilized variant (Slavol was used in fertilized variant). The average soybean yield in the organic cropping system was 4,622 kg/ha. 1,000 grain weight averaged 173 g. The yield was higher by 258 kg/ha or 5.74% in the fertilized variant and 1,000 grain weight was higher by 13.2 g or 7.9% compared with the control. The plants height in the treated variant was significantly higher compared with the control (p