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13 International Journal of Environmental Biology 2014; 4(1): 13-16 ISSN 2277–386X Original Article Analysis of microbia
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International Journal of Environmental Biology Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
ISSN 2277–386X Original Article Analysis of microbial distribution in two fish landing Centres at Kanyakumari District Therasita Mary. M1, Jansi. M2 Research scholar, Research Department of Zoology, S. T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Associate Professor, Research Department of Zoology, S. T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected] Mobile: +919626522590 1
Received 02 January 2014; accepted 14 January 2014 Abstract The present study was carried out to analyse the distribution of few faecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the water sample of two fish landing centres of Colachel and Kadiyapatnam at Kanyakumari district. During the investigation period, among the pathogenic bacteria, the Vibrio cholerae were maximum in these two stations (8×106; 4×106 CFU). Among the faecal indicator bacteria, the total coliform and the faecal coliform were highest in Colachel (64 MPN/100ml; 39 MPN/100ml and 39 MPN/100ml; 28 MPN/100ml). The landing centre of Colachel was observed to be more polluted than Kadiyapatnam which may be due to the poor sanitary condition. © 2014 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved Key words: Kadiapatnam, Colachel, Microbial condamination, Vibrio cholera, faecal coliform 1. Introduction Environmental surveys are necessary for understanding and documenting the occurrence and distribution of pollution indicator and human pathogenic bacteria. Microbiologist rely on the principle that higher the incidence of sewage indicator bacteria in any environment, higher would be the chances for human pathogenic bacteria to be present (1,2).The pathogenic microorganisms invade into the marine environment through human and animal excreta through river runoff, rain water, kitchen wastes, land agricultural waste, industrial wastes, etc. All these contaminate the coastal waters and render the beach unsuitable for recreational and fishing activities. The presence of human pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli has been reported from coastal areas (3,4,5). Among the aquatic microflora of Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus are responsible for most infections by Vibrios in developing as well as in developed countries (6). A survey of indicator bacteria such as total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria, E.coli and faecal steptococci will throw considerable light on the sanitary condition of water and serve as guidelines for recreational and fisheries activities (7,8). Faecal material from human or animal sources may contribute human pathogens (bacteria, viruses or parasites) to the aquatic environment and ingestion of water may cause infection.
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This study was carried out to analyse the level of pollution indicator bacteria as well as some groups of human pathogenic bacteria in two different fish landing centres in Kanyakumari District. 2. Study Area Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu forms the southern tip of penisular India where, the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian sea meet. It has a coast line of 68km with 46 landing centres include Colachel and Kadiyapatnam which are the important landing centres in this district. The present investigation was carried out at Colachel (8.15oN 77.14oE) and Kadiyapatnam (8.87o N 77.19o E). Colachel is bounded by ArabianSea in its southern side and pampoorivaikal in its western side. It is a port on the Malabar Coast, 20km North West of Kanyakumari (Cape comorin), the Southernmost tip of peninsular India. Kadiyapatnam is named as such because of the presence of hard rock’s (Kadia-Hard). It is 18 km away from Colachel where, the Arabian Sea and the Valliyar meets. 3. Materials and Methods Water samples were collected from the two fish landing centres of Colachel and Kadiyapatnam at Kanyakumari District during December 2012. The water samples were analysed for the indicator bacteria such as total coliform bacteria (TC), Faecal coliform bacteria (FC), E.coli, Faecal streptococci (FS) and pathogenic bacteria such as V.cholerae, V.parahaemolyticus and Salmonella typhi,
International Journal of Environmental Biology 2014; 4(1): 13-16
Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella sp. The three tube MPN (most probable number) of indicator bacteria were analysed following standard procedures and the results were expressed as MPN ml-1 (9,10). The pathogenic bacteria were analysed by Colony Forming Unit (CFU) on selective media as given in Table1 using spread plate method and the identification of the bacteria was done according to the standard procedures described in Bergey’s manual of determination Bacteriology (11).The results were subjected to mean, standard deviaton(SD) andAnalysis of variance(ANOVA) as described by Zar (12). 4. Results The indicator and pathogenic bacterial count of two fish landing centres were summarized in Fig1 and 2. The MPN value of Total coliform in station-1 colachel (64MPN/100ml) was higher than station -II kadiyapatnam (39MPN/100ml). The Faecal coliform (39MPN/100ml) and E.coli (23MPN/100ml) higher too Colachel than kadiyapatnam (28MPN/100ml; 21MPN/100ml) .But the Faecal streptococci levels were same at both stations (11MPN/100ml). There was a significant variation (P