Data Loading...
Investigating the Properties of Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Compounds Flipbook PDF
Investigating the Properties of Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Compounds
116 Views
68 Downloads
FLIP PDF 1.45MB
Investigating the Properties of Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Compounds Mohamed and Tamara
Experiments To conduct this investigation, there were 4 different experiments which were: 1. Observe the physical appearance of the different compounds 2. Test the solubility of the different compounds 3. Measure and test the conductivity of different compounds 4. Test the boiling point of different compounds
Compounds Used: 1. Salt
2. Sugar
3. Baking Soda
4. Ethanol
5. Copper
Significance Many of the compounds experimented had big significances in history. Each one had a defined function at their creation. Salt: Used for food and boosted trans-Saharan Trade Sugar: Used for sweetening food and boosted Transatlantic Trade and Trade Triangle Copper: Used in tools, then for printing press plates and then for telegraph wires Ethanol: To power engines Baking Soda: Created as a substitute of yeast
1. Salt The Compound Salt is made up of Sodium+Chlorine making NaCl (Sodium-Chloride) It is an ionic compound It is white in color and is most commonly found in a kind of powder
2. Sugar The compound Sugar is made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in C12 H22 O11 Sugar is a polar covalent compound It is a white Crystalline substance that comes from Sugarcane and is known for being sweet It is a carbohydrate which can come in many forms and is commonly used in foods
3. Baking Soda The chemical formula of compound Baking Soda, also called Sodium Bicarbonate, is NaHCO3. It an ionic compound commonly used as a household baking ingredient that classifies as a salt
4. Ethanol The compound Ethanol is made of: C2 H5 OH It is a polar covalent compound most commonly used in fuel, gasoline, disinfectants, and cleaning wounds. It is a colorless liquid with a slight but distinctive smell
5. Copper The compound Copper is made up of simply Copper It is the 29th element on the periodic table with the symbol Cu. It is a metal known for being shiny and malleable with pinkish-orange color It is a metallic compound with main isotopes Cu63, 64, 65, and 67
Physical Appearance In the first experiment conducted, we found physical appearance using both micro and macro observations. We recorded the color, texture, particle size, and particle shape.
Compound Name
Color
Texture
Particle Size
Particle Shape
Salt
White
Coarse
Small
Cube
Sugar
White
Coarse
Medium
Hexagonal Crystal Shape
Baking Soda
White
Very Fine
Very small
Crystalike Shape
Copper (Solid)
Reddish brown
Fine
N/A
N/A
Results After testing physical properties, we found many interesting facts about each compound. It seemed that salt and sugar were most similar, with sugar only having a different particle shape and size. On the other hand, baking soda and copper were both quite fine in contrast to salt and sugars coarse texture. Baking soda also had a different, crystalike particle shape and copper had a reddish brown color, all unique in our samples. All compounds were observed except ethanol.
Solubility
The second experiment conducted was solubility. We measured out 2 grams of every compound and then placed it into a beaker of 50 ml of distilled water and timed the duration to fully dissolve. We brought in the factor of temperature, and so we tested solubility of each compound in room temperature, 30.4 Celsius, and 38.4 Celsius. We discovered that as the temperature rose, so did the rate of reaction and the time to dissolve would decrease.
Were They Soluble? Compound
Type of Compound
Dissolved/ Soluble
Sugar (Sucrose)
Polar Covalent
Yes
Salt (Sodium Chloride)
Ionic
Yes
Ethanol
Polar Covalent
Yes
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Ionic
Yes
Copper (Solid)
Metallic
No
Solubility at Different Temperatures Compound
Type of Compound
Rate in 20.8°C Rate in 30.4°C Rate in 38.4°C (seconds) (seconds) (seconds)
Salt (Sodium Chloride)
Ionic
119 Seconds
76.9 Seconds
41 Seconds
Sugar (Sucrose)
Polar Covalent
85 Seconds
60.05 Seconds
59.05 Seconds
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Ionic
300 Seconds
265 Seconds
250 Seconds
Ethanol
Polar Covalent
N/A
N/A
N/A
Copper
Ionic
N/A
N/A
N/A
Results After testing solubility in water, we found that only copper wasn’t able to dissolve. It turns out sugar was the fastest to dissolve in 20° and 30° but salt actually dissolved faster at 38°, with a time of 41 seconds. All of our covalent or ionic compounds were able to dissolve while our metallic compounds were not.
Conductivity We used two different methods of testing conductivity to find the conductivity of the different compounds; one tested conductivity for aqueous solutions and one for solid compounds. The first system involved an electrical system that lit up when a substance was conductive. This was used to test solids The second system tested conductivity in Aqueous solutions by dissolving 2 grams of a compound in distilled water in a beaker which would then be measured by a TI-Nspire on a lab cradle and conductivity probe giving a conductivity value of each compound except copper.
The conductivity of different compounds as solids and dissolved in water Compound
Type of Compound
Conductive?
Conductivity Level (µS/cm )
Salt (solid)
Ionic
No
N/A
Salt (dissolved in water)
Ionic
Yes
1841