Data Loading...
Management and Practice Magazine Flipbook PDF
Management and Practice Magazine
108 Views
6 Downloads
FLIP PDF 1.17MB
MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE MAGAZINE BY RAZWAN AHMED Management is when a business is in a process of dealing with people and also controlling them in certain ways for example control a team at work. MY SKILLS Organised Time Management Communication Problem Solving Innovation
Content Page -ABOUT ME………… 2 -HISTORY MANAGEMENT…… 3 - MANAGEMENT SKILLS ………………… 4 -CHALLENGES MANAGERS FACE.….. 5 - LEADERSHIP SKILLS…… 6/7 - MASLOW THEORY…. 8 -CONFLICT MANAGEMENT… 9 - MY SKILLS 10/11 I have had a good background in the retail industry, as have gained experience from two largest UK companies which are Wilkinson's and Home Bargains. they are both known to sell accessories for homes. In the retail industry role, I was dealing with customers face to face on the shop floor, I am fully capable to engage with customers from any backgrounds My first retail experience was at Wilkinson's, this is when I came more confident to communicate with customers and solving their problems and meeting their needs and wants. I was also introduced to their new tills which they have got in place in the recent years. My experience as a cashier was excellent as I was able to communicate effectively with every customer from different sorts of backgrounds, in the busiest Christmas period, I was able to cope with the pressure smoothly. as the queue were huge therefore I managed to get them down as soon as possible as I have got experience in dealing with customers on the tills really quickly as a result the queues were going down, I was ensuring no mistakes were made whilst on tills as this helps to get the queues down much quicker. this then led me onto my other job at home bargains which I was capable to embrace my skills.
The role at Home bargains was a store assistance, which I had developed from Wilkinson's and then take the skills onto my new role at home bargains. I was at home bargains for 3 years which means I have had a lot of experience with dealing with customers face to face. I was mainly working on tills, I was greeting customers in a professional manner which I was ensuring that I am doing my job correctly, in this role I have gained many skills and experience. I was also merchandising such putting stock on the shelves. On my spare time I am mainly working on my University Assignment which is my priority. I ensure I am very well organised in each step I take in life. With the university studies I ensure assignments are completed before the deadline day. Once my deadlines are completed, I spend as much time I could with family and friends.
I have set myself with some aspiration goals which I would want to achieve in the future after having completed my degree in business and management. My aim is to open a family restaurant within Preston as there are not many restaurants in Preston. I would like to take the opportunity to take my knowledge into consideration and set my own business, by taking my business degree into consideration. I would be able to face my competitors in the future, as I believe that I would be able to cope with the pressure as businessmen. I also believe that would be a threat to other businesses. As the business industry is very popular in the market therefore, I would like to take this into consideration after gaining skills and knowledge within my business and management degree. This my ambition to open a business and become a successful businessman.
The modern management is important for businesses to take into consideration, as back in 1970’s businesses were following various of theories to help them succeed. Businesses were using the management concepts for them to follow they had to follow the Buchanan 2018 theory. The modern management aims to focus on the development of the workers as well as the organisation. There are various of stages that would need to be followed to develop the management process. This is shown in the (smit et al ,2011) theory. As every country had taken this management accordingly (Smit et al ,2011) The meaning of management is a generic term of interpretations. It is an own way of setting aims and objectives. The management is responsible for implementation of certain decisions and execution of work to meet these aims and objectives. Mullins, L. J. and Dossor, P. (2014). The modern management was used a process of reaching organisational goals by working with and through people and other organisational resources, Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019), As under Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019) there are 4 different management functions process which can be followed by businesses which are: Planning – This involves choosing a certain task that can be performed to achieve the organisational goals, as managers outline what exactly they need to develop on in order to become successful. With this skill is mainly focuses on attaining goals. Planning concerns are with the businesses success which can be in the future as a short-term goal or long-term goal. Organising – with this modern management skill helps to develop planning functions to various of individuals or groups within the organisation. Tasks are organised for the outcome of the goal to be successful. People in the organisation are given tasks to contribute to achieve the business aims and objectives. However the goals and objectives should be adaptable and flexible for them challenges to be achieved. Influencing – Influencing is a basic function that is used in the management process, within this skill is motivates people within the organisation, however these are led by the managers. Controlling – controlling for a business is a ongoing process as the managers within the organisation continuously gathering information and observing the areas of improvement, however the history shows that managers are commonly making mistakes in certain areas when they are planning. These functions was founded in Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019), Introducing Modern Management concepts Page 35) It is important to take these modern theories seriously as these would help the organisation to be more productive and help controlling a team at the workplace. X and Y theory were observed to see the management behaviour and the way they can be controlled. Theory x relates to the development of human relations approach and Theory Y is the integration of individual and organisational goals.
History and Management
•
Contingency theory- It helps the business to find an approach in leadership. It is very important for the business to take contingency theory into consideration as it would help them to control the management successfully. The contingency approach is an highlight that differentiates between the alternative forms of the organisation structure and the systems of the management, as the approach takes a view of situational factors which would influence the organisational performance and the areas of development. Therefore managers can use these models to compare and contrast the structure of the business.
•
The business would need to ensure they are following the hierarchy correctly in order to be more effective, in this way they would be able to have more leadership in the way they set each task. In order to follow the history and management hierarchy the business would need to start from the foundation and then build themselves up in order to make the organisation successful.
•
Scientific management is a theory that helps the business to analyse their workflows within the business. It was introduced to help increase productivity from individual workers through the technical structure work of the organisation. To make this approach to happen was F.W.Taylor (1856-1917), Fedrick Taylor also believed in the concept of motivation. The principle of the scientific management was based on training and development of the staff in the organisation. Fedrick Taylor believed the scientific methods was the one best way to perform each task as it is a clear version of work and responsibilities between management and workers and it also has the
control over the work process.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS •
Management skills consist of actions that leads to positive outcome, as they can be observed by staff and managers. This was shown by ( D.Whetten, K.S.Cameron 2016) book, Page 30).
•
The management skills are very important to understand according to the ( Smit et al 2011) to become an effective manager you would need to know what is meant by management. The manager would need to professional in their role in order to achieve the aims and objectives
•
The management skills are developable as the performance of the business can improve the influence of the behaviour. These skills can be easily controlled but under the actions of the management. A variety of these skills are typically used by effective managers and some of the skills appear incompatible. ( D.Whetten, K.S.Cameron book, Page 30).
•
Management skills are always observed this way they can see the areas of improvements, this way the manager would be able to develop and improve the areas. Managers must have the appropriate skills to achieve those aims and objectives. As having Leadership is very important as
the managers would need to do it correctly as this follows up the characteristics. Aspects of situations that may occur within the business would be depending on the behaviour and traits of the leader. •
For a manager it is very important to know how to manage people, as this is a key part in their role. As the manager would need to set out a clear example and understand if the team understands what is expected from them, also ensuring the right skills are in the correct jobs and they are performing well in exercising in those jobs that are given by the management team. It is important that managers motivates their staff in order to get a positive outcome.
The management skills are very important to be obtained. These would need to be done correctly by both managers and staff to get a positive outcome and to achieve the goals and expectations of the organisation (Certo and Certo 2019)
These essential management skills are key to follow as to have the understanding of management. To observe, practice and achieve these are the motivation words for the manager to follow up to become a skilled manager, (D.Whetten, K.S.Cameron 2016). The positivity about a skilled manager would be they would be able to solve a problem quicker and to be a unskilled manager it may take time to solve the problem whereas the skill manager can adjust the problem right away as mention by (Certo and Certo 2019). Interpersonal skill is mostly used in the management role. As skilled would be able manage conflicts and communicate effecting and be supportive, building effective teams and gaining power and influencing staff, this is a way of becoming a skilled manager and being able to observing each task, and organising them on how they should be completed to have achieved the goals and expectations of the organisation (D.Whetten, K.S.Cameron 2016).
CHALLENGES MANAGERS FACE There are certain factors that affect the management in this day and age, and globalisation is the main challenge as their many organisations that currently struggling with the affect of the climate change. There is a lot of competition that is going around especially in the United Kingdom with the international market. The advance of globalisation is that you could promote businesses with the new advance technology. The arguments of the globalisation has been ever since when scholars began to challenge the worldwide expansion of the market, this is a major risk for small and larger businesses. The competition with the international has increased massively within the business markets which has left a massive threat to businesses and their managers. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. (2019). Globalisation can be seen as an increase overtime of the international trade and services. With the international trade the market is expanding to a spatial level. In the global market the production levels high but at lower costs.
Globalisation can be bad as it can increase inequality both within between countries and this will lead to instability and conflict, which would have a major effect on managers and staff
The environment has a major factor within the globalisation effects it has major effects on the organisations and its managers, many countries do not have high levels of environmental legislation, as businesses not having to worry about costly environmental compliance. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. (2019) In the Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. (2019) it shows there are various of examples on how environment effects the global businesses. Global business is a contributor to possible climate change through the impact of the transport systems. Diversity is especially important at a workplace as every culture should be treated equally. For Managers is important for taking the diversity factor very seriously as if this is not taken accordingly it can have major effect on the business as whole and would impact the manager and the staff. Culture refers to the set of values, beliefs and lifestyles that characteristic a group or society. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. (2019) There are many problems that may occur within the business therefore every business should observe how the globalisation could affect them and how they would handle the global affects. Therefore, businesses should be prepared how they set plans. Taking these factors into consideration would help them to solve any problems.
LEADERSHIP SKILLS •
Leadership in management is very important to have because a team would be under your control for the team to become successful in the task that is given, you would need ensure they are instructed correctly and presented in a professional manner for them to achieve any targets.
•
Leadership is a process of directing behaviour of others toward achievement of an objective. Directing team members accordingly which is by causing individuals to act in a certain way or to follow a particular course of action to achieve the targets given by the leader. The concept is consistent with factors such as establishing organisational policies procedures and job descriptions. The main concept of leadership is accomplishing targets through people. (Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019)
•
It is very important for a leader to lead by example as staff would look up to their team leader. As work colleagues would work hard after looking how the leader manages them. As a leader you would need to be very supportive and ensuring each colleague gets the same support in order for them achieve goals. The leader would need to ensure their behaviour towards their colleagues would need to be in a respectable manner. Leadership qualities are very important for a leader to have as it would give them a positive outcome, they would need to be inspiring their work colleagues. Being honest in a leadership is key as the staff would believe what you are getting across to them for them to observe and action.
•
Leadership is one of the most important independent activities of influencing others to become better at their role, accomplishing tasks is done by communicating with others. It is very important that managers have of thorough understanding of what leadership entails. As leadership has always been considered a essential for organisational success as given the increased capability afforded by enhanced communications technology. (Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019)
•
The life cycle theory of leadership is a way of linking leadership styles with various situations to ensure effective leadership. The life cycle of leadership is based on building relationship amongst maturity, leader task is behaviour on how they are setting out tasks to their staff. Leadership styles should reflect the maturity level of the followers. Maturity is defined to work independently and performing their responsibilities to desire to achieve success. Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019)
LEADERSHIP SKILLS •
•
•
Situational theories of leadership such as the life cycle theory as based on the concept of leadership flexibility, it is the idea that successful leaders must change their leadership styles as they encounter different situations, there is another leadership theory that would really to become a effective and successful leader is the path goal theory, as this theory helps leaders to make desirable and achievable rewards available to business members who attain organisational goals and to clarify the kinds of behaviour that must be performed in order to earn rewards, The leader would need to outline the goals that the team members should aim to for and clarify the path that they should follow to achieve those goals. Overall this path goal theory of leadership maintains that managers facilitate job performance by showing their employees how their performance directly affects their receiving desired rewards. Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019)
As an effective leader you would need to ensure the leadership behaviours which are directive behaviour, supportive behaviours and achievement behaviour, this would help in adapting behaviour to situations as the path goal theory proposes that leaders will be successful appropriately match these three type of behaviour to the situations they may face A directive behaviour is aimed to inform their work colleagues what to do and how to do it as giving them instructions and guidance. achievement behaviour is aimed for setting challenging goals for team members to reach and this would need to be done by demonstrating confidence that they measure up to the challenge, this leadership behaviour focuses to make that task more difficult that employees would find it challenging to achieve. Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019)
My leadership skills, I was chosen to become a team leader for Preston cricket club which was challenging as I had to control 11 players, I ensured my 11 players attended regularly training which was set for every Tuesday, I was observing how well they performed in the training in order to add them to the weekend squad, it was challenging as I had to choose from 20 players. I ensured the behaviours in leadership management was met each time I had made crucial decisions when facing challenging opponents. As a leader I was communicating effectively with my team players and observing which position would be suitable for each player to play in and which would suit them best. As a leader for Preston cricket club team I was able to lead them well. As I was leading by example for players to reflect on my action as a team captain, team were meeting the task that were given they ensured they accomplished the task by performing at their highest standards to have final outcome. Each player ensured they played their utmost best as being a great leader we managed to win majority of the games. The league was very competitive therefore I had to observe from other point of view to in order to select the correct squad for each game. I had gave equal opportunities to each player as I ensured they were given the chance to participate in a game. Overall I believe my leadership skills were performed at a highest standard which ensured us to finish 2nd in the league as the league was highly competitive with professional players playing in the northern league.
MASLOW THEORY
•
Maslow hierarchy of needs is a description of human needs is the hierarchy of needs concept developed by Abraham Maslow. It is a motivation theory that would support the organisation. Maslow's basic proposition is that human needs are arranged in a series levels, a hierarchy importance (Mullins, L. J. and Christy, G).
•
Maslow theory was often used by organisation in order to motivate their staff. As this theory is very important for a business to take into consideration as it would teach them to treat their employees in a correct manner, as a result of this they would be able to achieve goals and also making strong relationship with employees. Especially when it comes to motivation it is important this done correctly as employees would like to be treated in an appropriate manner, this would convince them to work harder for the organisation as they would be more enthusiastic to accomplish tasks that are given by the management.
•
Motivation is a broad concept which includes preferences for outcomes and strength of effort of enthusiastic, having these motivation theories set in organisations makes them help to succeed on each task that is carried out. As for taking hierarchy of needs which is to help the needs od love and esteem that are not satisfied. With this theory employees are more satisfied and self confident, as being self actualisation is having an ultimate goal and freedom. It is to desire for personal fulfilment to develop one’s potential to become everything that one is capable of becoming (Buchanan, D. A. and Huczynski, A. A. (2019). There are common factors that are used to motivate staff in their roles which would encourage them to work harder and also develop in their own skills. Affiliation is another factor which is needed to be met which is belongingness and affection and love and relationship with employees is another key factor which would motivate (Buchanan, D. A. and Huczynski, A. A. (2019).
•
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT The management of conflict would be inevitable as there are number of ways in which the management can attempt to avoid harmful effects of conflict. Management conflict takes time and effort. (Mullins, L. J. and Christy, G)., there are certain aspects that would need to by followed by the organisation , which the leadership and management which is a participative and supportive style of leadership and managerial behaviour is likely to assist conflict of management as of showing attitude of respect and trust which is to encourage personal development and creating an environment in which staff can work cooperatively and identifying potential causes of disputes which may help avoid conflict of management (Mullins, L. J. and Christy, G). In conflict management another aspect that would need to be taken into consideration is the development of interpersonal and group process skills as this would help engender better understanding of one’s own behaviour, as in other individual thoughts and views through communication and problem solving. Having attention to body language would assist people to work through conflict situations in a constructive manner. Encourage to address dispute conflicts on a one to one basis (Mullins, L. J. and Christy, G). HR Policies and procedures may help to reduce areas of conflict management that may occur within the organisation, as viewing the job analysis, systems of rewards and disciplinary procedures and also building on training managers in coaching and negotiation skills. clarification of goals and objectives as this would massively help businesses to challenge any dispute of conflicts, communication of goals and objectives would help the performance standards which would help to avoid conflict management as the main focus would be to obtain goals that are shared by other parties in conflict may help to overcome the conflict and would lead to more cooperative behaviour (Mullins, L. J. and Christy, G).
THREE MANAGEMENT SKILLS Communication skill The skill that I have practice during the module was communication. Communication online has become very engaging for the past year of education due to the pandemic. I have learnt how to communicate well using teams and emails to communicate with other students and my tutors. In this day an age electronic communication is being used frequently to pass messages to other people via electronic technology (Whetten, D. A. and Cameron, K. S. (2016) I can communicate effectively with diverse backgrounds via online platforms and face to face communications. In my current job I can communicate effectively with every customer that visits my till at home bargains with greetings. The importance of this skill is compulsory as it would help to engage with others and build a strong relationship with them for example, I have also practiced this skill in my studies as I manage to communicate effectively around the university campus when I come to the library to do work and the online lessons For example when I was a captain at Preston cricket club communication skills was used a lot to interact with my team as in both way verbally and nonverbally This skill would really help me in the future as it builds my confidence when communicating with others.
Organisation skill Another skill that I have practiced during the module was organisation. Organisation is a massive skill that I have developed during my studies, I am ensuring that each work is planned accurately and ensuring that the deadlines are met on time. I ensure that start my university work well in advanced to avoid any disappointments. I also manage my time effectively when it comes to deadlines which are needed to be met on time. I am capable of working well alone and as a team when it comes to group work, I intend to set my work properly when tasks are given to me.
I have set myself a to do list which has made my organising much strong as I tick them off once they have been completed. I then ensure my next assignment is done on time. I believe organisation skill will really help me in the future career as planning and organising is very important in life as it is the path to success.
DECISION MAKING SKILL
• Decision making is a skill which I have developed in this module and in my personal life it has been times where I had to make crucial decisions therefore I believe this skill would help me in the future as I intend to make the right decisions, The biggest decision I have made in my life time is was to enrol onto the Business & management course at university of Lancashire. As decision was massive for me to make as I have I planned to open my own business after completing my business & Management degree. In my job role I have made many decision which has helped me to develop on other skills such as negotiating skills. • As being a cricket team captain it has help me develop on my decision making skills, as I was making tough decision as being a captain and organising which player would be playing in such a position was difficult and challenging to decide. The way I had make decision is by observing their tactical skills which had helped me to make the correct decision.
• Strategic decisions which is to plan ahead and set out objectives that would need to be achieved which is a long term, as this skill takes a long time to decide. • Tactical decision is when somebody or an organisation takes each decision into action, however these are dealt by the middle management as they would be able to rectify any problems and make the accurate decision. I believe decision making would help me in life to make decisions.
REFERENCES PAGE 1. Sciencedirect.com. 2020. Modern Management - An Overview | Sciencedirect Topics. [online] Available at:
[Accessed 7 December 2020]. 2. Nhsggc.org.uk. 2020. [online] Available at:
[Accessed 7 December 2020]. – image 3. Cameron, W. (2015) Developing management skills, Developing management skills. Pearson Education. 4. Mullins, L. J. and Dossor, P. (2014) Hospitality management and organisational behaviour . Fifth edition. Harlow, England: Pearson 5. Certo, S. C. and Certo, S. T. (2019) Modern management : concepts and skills. Edition 15 / Samuel C. Certo, S. Trevis Certo. Harlow, England: Pearson. 6. Certo, Samuel C., and S. Trevis Certo. Modern Management: Concepts and Skills, Global Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, 7. Globalisation of Business : Theories and Strategies for Tomorrow's Managers, edited by John O. Okpara, Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2008. ProQuest Ebook Central, 8. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. (2019) The business environment : themes and issues in a globalizing world . Fourth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9. Whetten, D. A. and Cameron, K. S. (2016) Developing management skills . Ninth, Global edition. Boston, [Massachusetts: Pearson. 10. Jackson, J., 2021. Do You Have A Leadership Strategy?. [online] Forbes. Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2021]. (Image) 10. Mullins, Laurie J.. Management and Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education, Limited, 2016. ProQuest Ebook Central 11. Buchanan, D. A. and Huczynski, A. A. (2019) Organizational behaviour . 10th ed. Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
12. Careers.manchester.ac.uk. 2021. Organisation (The University of Manchester). [online] Available at:
[Accessed 16 April 2021]. image
• PDF to HTML5 page flip - flipbook software - Flipsnack