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Permanent Magnet Materials Catalog Flipbook PDF
Includes magnetic and physical properties, specifications and attributes for our extensive line of raw magnet materials:
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PERMANENT MAGNETIC MATERIAL N eodymium
• Ceramic • Samarium Cobalt • Alnico • H igh Energy
WE KNOW MAGNETS
Founded in 1976 and located in Castle Rock, Colorado, Master Magnetics, Inc. manufactures and distributes all types of magnets and magnetic devices for commercial, industrial and consumer use. The Magnet Source® brand is a registered trademark of Master Magnetics, Inc. and represents exceptional quality, expertise and customer service. As a leading manufacturer and distributor of magnets and magnetic devices, Master Magnetics offers an extensive line of permanent magnetic materials for OEM and product design applications. All permanent materials are available in a wide range of sizes, grades and shapes. In addition to having excellent resources for the raw magnetic materials, we have the machinery and expertise to cut, grind and magnetize magnets to meet your needs.
Stock and Delivery Master Magnetics serves customers worldwide. No matter what your application, we can serve you quickly and easily thanks to our large inventory and warehousing capabilities. With over 20 million magnets in stock and two regional production and distribution facilities, we ensure fast and cost-effective delivery. Typically we ship the variety and quantity of magnets you need within 24 hours.
Permanent Magnetism Guarantee Permanent magnets, under normal conditions, remain magnetized with only an expected loss of strength of .5 of 1% per century. We guarantee, under normal use, that our permanent magnets in this catalog will remain magnetized or we will re-magnetize them for you.
HOW TO ORDER PRODUCTS IN THIS CATALOG We stock over 20 million magnets in various shapes, sizes and grades, so we couldn’t possibly fit them all in this catalog. If you don’t see what you’re looking for please contact us. CALL: 1-800-525-3536 CLICK: magnetsource.com/ pmmquote
Custom Tooling and Special Orders With over 40 years of experience in magnetic innovations, we have the knowledge to help your ideas become reality.
CONTENTS Choosing the Correct Magnet ...3 Instruments ...4 Neodymium ...5-9 Ceramic ...10-13 Alnico ...14-17
Share your drawings and specs, and let us work with you to generate the perfect magnetic solution. Please refer to the information on the next page when choosing the right magnet for your next project. Our Magnet Experts are available to assist you, please contact us today. Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches and are approximate.
HOW TO REQUEST AN ADDITIONAL CATALOG
Samarium Cobalt ...18-19 High Energy Flexible ...20-21 Glossary ...22 Typical Magnetization Pole Patterns ...23
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CHOOSING THE CORRECT MAGNET Application - Describe to us how and for what purpose the magnet will be used (a mechanical drawing is extremely helpful). This will be the basis for all further questions and discussions.
Shape - Does your application require a specific shape of magnet? Most magnets are made in standard symmetrical shapes such as rings, discs, blocks, rods, and bars. Some types of magnets are machinable.
Size - Are specific tolerances required for your
BRING YOUR IDEAS TO REALITY You can rely on our team of Magnet Experts to provide guidance on product design, material, technology, engineering and more. Contact us for a custom quote. CALL: 1-800-525-3536 CLICK: magnetsource.com/pmmquote EMAIL: [email protected]
application? Will the magnet be visible? The tolerances for our magnets are in accordance with International Magnetics Association (IMA) standards.
Magnetization - What does your application require? A magnet can be magnetized through the thickness, length, or even diameter depending on its orientation (see page 23). It can be magnetized with multiple poles – more than one pair of North/South poles – on one face of the magnet, or on both sides. Some magnets are limited in the ways they can be magnetized. The purpose for various magnetization patterns is to alter the magnet’s strength to best fit an application.
Quantity - How many magnets do you need right now? How many magnets will you need over a year’s time? Material - Several types of magnetic materials are available, including Flexible (rubber) magnets, Ceramic (strontium ferrite), Alnico (Al Ni Co), Samarium Cobalt (Sm Co), and Neodymium (Nd Fe B). Various grades exist within each material group. Each section of this catalog describes the characteristics and common applications of these materials. Most of these raw material magnets are used in OEM applications. If your application calls for lifting, holding, retrieving, or separating ferrous metal items, then you may need a magnetic assembly (featured in our Industrial Magnetic Solutions catalog). Magnetic assemblies are constructed from raw material magnets, which are combined with other components to meet a specific application.
Strength - The application will determine the strength of the magnet you need. For this information, please consult the tables in each section.
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GAUSSMETER, MAGNETIZER & POLE INDICATORS Gaussmeter A. Part No. GM-2 - The DC Gaussmeter is a very accurate instrument useful in measuring the DC magnetic field intensity of magnets, magnetic devices and assemblies, as well as relays, electromagnets, motors, generators, loudspeakers, actuators, ferrite content in non-ferrous materials and more. Typical applications include magnet classification, analysis of magnetic circuitry and components, air shipment inspection, measurements of the earth’s field vectors, mapping and recording field perturbations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and measuring residual fields.
A
Self-Contained Magnetizer B. Part No. MAG24C Capacity: 24,500 Amp / turns Size: 10-1/8” L x 5-1/8” W x 7-9/16” H Weight: 40 lbs. Will magnetize Alnico 5 up to 2” x 3” long and Ceramic 5 up to 2” x 2-1/2” long (typically used for Alnico). Connects to standard 120 VAC (50/60 Cycles, 14 Amps) outlet. Adjust tapered pole shoes (up to 4” gap) to fit magnet length. The following magnetizing forces are recommended by magnet manufacturers for various magnetic materials, expressed in Amp/ turns required per inch of length of magnet material: Alnico 1, 2, 3: 4000 Amp / turns / inch Alnico 5, 6: 6000 Amp / turns / inch Alnico 8, 9: 10,000 Amp / turns / inch (varies by grade) Ceramic: 20,000 Amp / turns / inch SmCo and NdFeB require capacitor discharge units.
B
Magnetic Pole Indicators C. Part No. POLEIND01 - Simply point the North-South pole indicator toward the magnet and read the pole letter in the viewing hole. No batteries required.
C
D. Part No. POLEIND02 - The electronic North-South pole indicator features LED lights to identify pole locations. Includes pocket clip, on/off switch and four LR44 batteries.
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NEODYMIUM MAGNETS (RARE EARTH MAGNETS) Known as Rare Earth Magnets, Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd-Fe-B) or Neodymium magnets are extremely strong for their size. To prevent unwanted oxidation, Neodymium magnets are usually finished with a zinc, nickel or epoxy coating.
Manufacturing - In general, the elements are melted
Attributes of Neodymium:
together and milled into a powder that is dry-pressed to shape in the presence of a magnetic field.
• Strongest magnetic material in the world • Very high resistance to demagnetization
The material is then sintered, ground to dimension, magnetized and tested. They are called “rare earth” magnets because the elements of Neodymium are classified as such in the lanthanides section of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
• High magnetic energy for size • Good in ambient temperatures, up to moderately high-heat • Material is corrosive and should be plated
Tolerances - For as-pressed material, tolerance on the thickness (direction of magnetization) is +/– .005”. Our standard tolerance is +/– .005” on all other dimensions. According to International Magnetics Association standards, visual imperfections such as hairline cracks, porosity and minor chips are commonly found in sintered magnets. A chipped edge is considered acceptable if no more than 10% of the surface is missing. Cracks are acceptable as long as they do not extend across more than 50% of the pole’s surface. Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches and are approximate.
Applications of Neodymium - Ideal for applications where a very high magnetic force is needed in a small area. Medical equipment, magnetic separators, linear actuators, microphone assemblies, servo motors, DC motors (automotive starters), computer rigid disc drives, printers and speakers are a few examples.
Magnetizing and Handling - Neodymium magnets are very brittle and very strong magnetically. Therefore, it is crucial to handle these magnets with extreme care to avoid personal injury and damage to the magnets. Fingers can be severely pinched between attracting magnets. Magnets can chip if allowed to “jump at” an attracting object. It is highly recommended that when constructing rare earth magnetic assemblies, they be magnetized after assembly.
Machining - Since Neodymium is prone to chipping and cracking, it does not lend itself to conventional machining methods. It can, however, be abrasively ground, but only with the use of liberal amounts of coolant. The coolant minimizes heat fracturing and the risk of fires caused by oxidized grinding dust.
Typical Magnetic and Physical Properties of Neodymium Magnet Material
Neodymium Material Neodymium 30H Neodymium 35 Neodymium 40 Neodymium 42 Neodymium 45 Neodymium 48 Neodymium 52
Density lbs/in3 0.267 0.267 0.267 0.267 0.267 0.267 0.267
g/cm3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4
Max. Typical Energy Residual Product Induction BH (max) Br (max) MGO 28 - 31 33 - 36 38 - 41 40 - 43 43 - 46 46 - 49 50 - 53
Gauss 10.8 - 11.3 11.7 - 12.2 12.5 - 12.8 12.8 - 13.2 13.2 - 13.8 13.8 - 14.2 14.3 - 14.8
Coercive Force Hc (min)
Intrinsic Coercive Maximum Force Operating Curie (Hci) Temperature Temperature
Oersteds ≥10000 ≥10900 ≥11400 ≥11500 ≥11600 ≥11600 ≥10000
Oersteds ≥17000 ≥12000 ≥12000 ≥12000 ≥12000 ≥12000 ≥11000
FO 248 176 176 176 176 176 176
CO 120 80 80 80 80 80 80
FO 626 593 593 593 593 593 593
CO 330 312 312 312 312 312 312
Since many combinations of elements and orientations are possible, additional grades are available.
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NEODYMIUM BLOCKS GRADE 35 Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
1.00 2.00
1.00 2.00
0.50 1.00
45.37 214.40
NB006N-35 NB147N-35
Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.25 0.50 1.00 2.00
0.25 0.50 1.00 2.00
0.25 0.50 1.00 1.00
4.55 20.04 81.86 275.70
NB002557N NB005057N NB010021N NB010005N
GRADE 45
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
NEODYMIUM COUNTERSUNK BLOCKS GRADE 45 Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Number of Holes
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50
0.125 0.188 0.250 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.125 0.250
7.870 11.79 14.09 11.71 15.62 32.17 11.08 21.83
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
THK.
M
W
Part No. NB001218NCTS NB001815NCTS NB002552NCTS NB001219NCTS NB001220NCTS NB002554NCTS NB001222NCTSX2 NB002556NCTSX2
L Note: A second “N” in the part number indicates nickel plating.
NEODYMIUM DISCS GRADE 35
6
Diameter
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.125
0.125
0.57
ND001209N
0.197
0.059
0.64
ND022N-35
0.250
0.080
1.20
ND002507N
0.250
0.100
1.47
ND146N-35
0.250
0.200
2.56
ND145N-35
0.250
0.250
2.79
ND283N-35
0.250
0.375
2.97
ND002511N
0.315
0.118
2.61
ND003106N
0.375
0.100
2.59
ND060N-35
0.375
0.250
5.72
ND187N-35
0.375
0.375
6.63
ND2012N-35
Note: A second “N” in the part number indicates nickel plating.
0.472
0.118
4.59
ND004700N
Tolerances: +/– .005 on diameter, +/– .005 on thickness.
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Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
THK.
Dia.
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M
NEODYMIUM DISCS Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
GRADE 35 (CONTINUED)
THK.
Diameter
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.490
0.105
4.04
ND004903N
0.500
0.125
5.37
ND103N-35
0.500
0.250
9.07
ND143N-35
0.500
0.500
12.17
ND151N-35
0.709
0.118
7.20
ND007000N
0.750
0.125
8.13
ND007509N
0.750
0.187
12.88
ND064N-35
0.750
0.375
20.00
ND142N-35
1.000
0.125
10.50
ND0010003N
1.000
0.250
22.67
ND125N-35
1.000
0.750
46.08
ND030N-35
GRADE 45
Dia.
M
Note: A second “N” in the part number indicates nickel plating. Tolerances: +/– .005 on diameter, +/– .005 on thickness.
GRADE 52
Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.125
0.125
0.73
ND45-1212N
0.125
0.125
0.840
ND001219N
0.197
0.059
0.82
ND45-1905N
0.250
0.100
2.180
ND002537N
0.250
0.080
1.54
ND45-2508N
0.562
0.375
20.36
ND005600N
0.250
0.100
1.89
ND45-2510N
0.625
0.500
27.98
ND006214N
0.250
0.200
3.29
ND45-2520N
0.687
0.500
31.05
ND006802N
0.250
0.250
3.59
ND45-2525N
0.750
0.125
12.08
ND007524N
0.315
0.118
3.36
ND45-3111N
0.750
0.187
19.13
ND007520N
0.375
0.100
3.33
ND45-3710N
0.750
0.375
29.71
ND007526N
0.375
0.250
7.35
ND45-3725N
0.812
0.250
25.79
ND008100N
0.375
0.375
8.53
ND45-3737N
0.875
0.750
53.24
ND008711N
0.472
0.118
5.90
ND45-4711N
0.937
0.250
30.97
ND009300N
0.490
0.105
5.20
ND45-4910N
1.000
0.250
33.68
ND010014N
0.500
0.125
6.90
ND45-5012N
1.000
0.750
68.47
ND010017N
0.500
0.250
11.66
ND45-5025N
1.125
0.375
53.36
ND011203N
0.500
0.500
15.64
ND45-5050N
1.250
0.125
20.21
ND012505N
0.709
0.118
9.26
ND45-7011N
1.375
0.250
40.24
ND013702N
0.750
0.125
10.46
ND45-7512N
1.500
0.250
42.10
ND015007N
0.750
0.187
16.56
ND45-7518N
1.750
0.500
104.8
ND017504N
0.750
0.375
25.71
ND45-7537N
2.000
0.125
35.01
ND020005N
1.000
0.125
13.5
ND45-1X12N
2.500
0.500
157.2
ND025004N
1.000
0.250
29.14
ND45-1X25N
3.000
0.125
50.14
ND030001N
Key: Dia. = Diameter, Thk. = Thickness
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NEODYMIUM DISCS WITH ADHESIVE
Film Adhesive
FTND25S
Neodymium grade 35 nickel plated magnet discs feature pre-applied .005” thick acrylic film or .030” thick foam adhesive. Saves assembly time in a variety of applications. 1. Magnet to Magnet - Use a North and a South magnet for added strength and “Snap-to” positioning. Magnets match up at same “Snap-to” spot every time. 2. Magnet to Steel Disc - Use a North magnet attracted to a steel disc for cost savings. Strength is slightly less than magnet to magnet. Magnet will attract to steel, but may not match up with same spot every time. Four Sizes Available for Use on: Cabinets, lockers, doors, cases, chests, displays, and closures.
FTND375 FTND75N Foam Adhesive
FSND75N FSND25N
NEODYMIUM DISCS WITH FILM ADHESIVE FSND50S
GRADE 35 Diameter Thickness
Magnet Side Marked
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.250
0.06
N*
0.75
FTND25N
0.250
0.06
S
0.75
FTND25S
0.375
0.06
N*
1.50
FTND37N
0.375 0.500 0.500 0.750
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
S N* S N*
1.50 2.20 2.20 2.90
FTND37S FTND50N FTND50S FTND75N
0.750
0.06
S
2.90
FTND75S
0.500
0.06
STL
Steel Disc
FTS50
0.750
0.06
STL
Steel Disc
FTS75
NEODYMIUM DISCS WITH FOAM ADHESIVE GRADE 35 Diameter Thickness
Magnet Side Marked
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.250
0.06
N*
0.75
FSND25N
0.250
0.06
S
0.75
FSND25S
0.375
0.06
N*
1.50
FSND37N
0.375 0.500 0.500 0.750
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
S N* S N*
1.50 2.20 2.20 2.90
FSND37S FSND50N FSND50S FSND75N
0.750
0.06
S
2.90
FSND75S
0.500
0.06
STL
Steel Disc
FSS50
.0750
0.06
STL
Steel Disc
FSS75
Liner Film or Foam Adhesive Magnet
STL
Steel Disc Film or Foam Adhesive Liner
Film vs. Foam Adhesive Film adhesive - adheres to all the same types of materials but is thinner, better suited for applications with specific space requirements. The pressure sensitive adhesive forms a permanent bond with most HSE (high surface energy) materials, easily securing the magnet to the project. Foam adhesive - conforms to the irregularities of rigid substrates and adheres the magnet to a multitude of materials including wood, plastic, ceramic, rock, paper, and much more.
Cabinet Door
Magnet Steel Disc
All discs are nickel plated, 0.06” thick with 0.03” acrylic foam adhesive tape. NEO-35 discs have magnetic pole printed on magnet side. Let acrylic foam adhesive cure for at least 24 hours before use. *For magnet to steel or magnet only applications, please order the North pole-marked magnets - we stock more of these.
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NEODYMIUM RINGS GRADE 35 Outer Dia.
Inner Dia.
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.472 0.740 1.000
0.250 0.375 0.500
0.374 0.105 0.110
7.55 5.58 7.90
NR004705N NR007403N NR010007N
Outer Dia.
Inner Dia.
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.250 0.375 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.000
0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.250
0.125 0.125 0.125 0.500 1.000 0.250 0.250 0.125 0.125 0.250
1.930 4.340 6.620 14.81 13.48 15.91 19.85 11.97 13.14 27.96
NR002508N NR003717N NR005027N NR005029N NR005021N NR006204N NR007522N NR008703N NR010023N NR010024N
GRADE 45
NEODYMIUM COUNTERSUNK RINGS
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
THK.
Inner Dia.
Outer Dia.
M
Note: A second “N” in the part number indicates nickel plating.
DON’T SEE IT HERE?
GRADE 35 Outer Dia.
Inner Dia.
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000
0.136 0.136 0.170 0.194 0.194 0.221
0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.188
3.32 5.11 6.56 7.87 9.18 18.26
NR003714NBX NR005017NBX NR006200NBX NR007515NBX NR008702NBX NR010018NBX
Outer Dia.
Inner Dia.
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.250 0.500 0.500 0.750 0.750
0.125 0.150 0.136 0.250 0.170
0.125 0.125 0.250 0.125 0.250
1.930 6.50 11.01 9.88 19.58
NR002507NCTS NR005019NCTS NR005020NCTS NR007519NCTS NR007518NCTS
GRADE 45
We have millions of magnets in stock in various shapes, sizes, materials and grades. Contact your Magnet Expert today! CALL 1-800-525-3536 CLICK magnetsource.com/pmmquote EMAIL [email protected]
Key: Dia. = Diameter
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CERAMIC MAGNETS Ceramic (ferrite) magnets are composed of strontium carbonate and iron oxide. They are charcoal gray in color and usually appear in the forms of discs, rings, blocks, cylinders, and sometimes arcs for motors.
Manufacturing - A powdered mixture of strontium carbonate and iron oxide is injected into a wet or dry press for forming. During this process, a magnetic field is applied in the direction of preferred magnetization to orient the material and increase the magnet’s performance potential. This magnet is considered “oriented” (anisotropic). If not exposed to a magnetic field at time of formation, it is called “non-oriented” (isotropic).
Visual imperfections such as cracks, porosity, voids, surface finish, etc. (commonly found in sintered Ceramic magnets) do not constitute cause for rejection. Chips are acceptable if no more than 5% of the pole surface is removed. Cracks are acceptable, provided they do not extend across more than 50% of the pole surface. Applications of Ceramic Magnets: • Speaker magnets • DC brushless motors • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Magnetos used on lawn mowers, outboard motors • DC permanent magnet motors (used in cars)
After the molding process, the magnetic material is then sintered at about 2,000°F. The sintering process is similar to that of kilning ceramic pottery, thus the popular name “Ceramic” magnet. Lastly, the magnet is finish-ground to size with a diamond-bladed grinding wheel, magnetized, and inspected for shipment. Attributes of Ceramic Magnets: • High intrinsic coercive force • Limited to simple shapes • Service temperature greater than rare earth and lower than alnico • Finishing requires diamond cutting or grinding wheel • Energy product lower than Alnico and rare earth magnets • Most common grades are 1, 5 and 8 (8 being the strongest) Tolerances - Pressed dimensions are either +/– 2% or +/– .025”, whichever is greater. Cut dimensions are either +/– 3% or +/– .025”, whichever is greater. Thickness tolerances are normally ground to +/– .005”, according to International Magnetics Association (IMA).
• Separators (ferrous material from non-ferrous) • Used in magnetic assemblies designed for lifting, holding, retrieving and separating Magnetizing and Handling - Ceramic magnet material is extremely brittle and can chip or break if dropped on a hard surface, or if allowed to “jump at” an attracting object. The weakest grade of Ceramic material is grade 1, which is non-oriented. Grades 5 and 8 are oriented Ceramic material. When making magnetic assemblies with Ceramic, it is typically easier to magnetize the product after assembly. Machining - Since Ceramic material is so brittle, it requires special machining techniques and equipment. We can cut and grind Ceramic material to your specifications. Lead times vary. Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches and are approximate.
Typical Magnetic and Physical Properties of Ceramic Magnet Material
Ceramic Material Ceramic 1 Ceramic 5 Ceramic 8
Density lbs/in3 0.167 0.180 0.180
g/cm3 4.9 4.9 4.9
Max. Typical Energy Residual Product Induction BH (max) Br (max) MGO 1.05 3.40 3.50
Gauss 2300 3800 3900
Coercive Force Hc (min)
Intrinsic Coercive Maximum Force Operating Curie (Hci) Temperature Temperature
Oersteds > 1860 > 2500 > 3200
Oersteds > 3250 > 2800 > 3400
FO 400 400 400
CO 204 204 204
FO 842 842 842
Note: Unshielded open circuit ceramic magnets should not be subjected to more than 400°F or they will require remagnetization.
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CO 450 450 450
CERAMIC DISCS GRADE 1
GRADE 5
Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
0.187
0.187
0.05
CD06
Part No.
Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.250
0.281
0.34
CD002500C
0.375
0.125
0.12
CD02
0.375
0.250
0.18
CD0225C
0.312
0.125
0.35
CD312C
0.492
0.187
0.22
CD04
0.350
0.250
0.58
CD003500
0.625
0.125
0.21
CD0625C
0.375
0.410
0.75
CD12C
0.625
0.125
0.21
CD0625/2P
0.460
0.400
1.07
CD13C
0.750
0.250
0.48
CD07N
0.496
0.138
0.67
CD004904
0.875
0.120
0.27
CD0875MP
0.985
0.200
0.53
CD985MPN*
0.500
0.100
0.50
CD031N
1.500
0.187
0.70
CD150N*
0.500
0.180
0.83
CD15N
0.500
0.230
0.97
CD005000
0.562
0.125
0.70
CD6212
0.625
0.375
1.73
CD25C
GRADE 8 Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.472
0.197
0.79
CD14C
0.709
0.197
1.37
CD10J
0.709
0.197
1.34
CD10N
0.710
0.250
1.65
CD710N
0.750
0.375
2.22
CD007500
0.866
1.000
3.95
CD20NMAGC
0.787
0.156
1.23
CD9C
0.970
0.156
1.45
CD970N
0.970
0.156
1.48
CD970MPN*
1.000
0.625
4.50
CD010000
1.000
0.250
2.49
CD010002
Key: Dia. = Diameter, Thk. = Thickness *Multiple poles on surface Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Key: Dia. = Diameter, Thk. = Thickness
THK.
Dia.
M
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11
CERAMIC BLOCKS GRADE 1 Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
1.000 1.000
0.750 0.500
0.197 0.250
0.52 0.52
CB40C* CB124
Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.375 0.750 0.750 0.874 0.925 0.984 1.000 1.000 1.180 1.500 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875 1.960 1.960 2.000 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.000 3.000 3.000 4.000 6.000 6.000 6.000
0.109 0.375 0.750 0.227 0.875 0.750 0.750 0.230 0.354 0.375 0.875 0.875 0.875 0.400 0.875 0.622 0.755 1.000 2.000 0.750 0.250 2.000 2.000 2.000 3.000 1.000 4.000 2.000
0.125 0.250 0.250 0.197 0.393 0.197 0.187 0.230 0.236 0.250 0.393 0.393 0.393 0.393 0.393 0.240 0.240 0.500 1.000 0.214 0.250 0.250 0.500 1.000 1.000 0.500 0.750 1.000
0.220 1.290 2.000 0.940 3.450 1.930 1.850 1.150 1.730 2.230 5.720 5.720 5.720 3.670 5.720 3.190 3.450 7.690 18.46 3.300 2.630 6.050 14.07 24.84 38.42 14.78 40.97 41.18
CB001209 CB1434N CB257MAG CB3N CB003907MAG CB41IPC* CB41STC** CB2301 CB1435 CB14342N CB60NMAG CB60N CB60-2P CB65MAG CB60/2H ŧ CB246N CB247MAG CB702N CB1862N CB29MAG CB31 CB219N CB802N CB1863N CB188NMAG CB70N CB95MAG CB186N
GRADE 5
THK.
W
L
Key:
GRADE 8
12
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Length
Width
Thickness
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.75 2.24 4.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
0.375 0.250 4.000 2.000 4.000 1.000 4.000
0.200 0.224 1.000 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000
1.100 2.030 43.90 18.54 23.59 27.49 54.87
CB002001 CB002200MAG CB1881N CB005033 CB85MAG CB187MAG CB185CMAG
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* = .197” Center Hole ** = .1875” Center Hole ŧ = 2 Holes, .1875” Dia., 1” Center to Center
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M
CERAMIC RINGS GRADE 5
GRADE 1
O.D.
I.D.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
0.550
0.228
0.200
1.01
CR552282
0.745
0.250
0.392
2.310
CR74RMXC
1.235
0.374
0.182
2.170
CR012300
CR120
1.250
0.375
0.187
2.260
CR145
0.31
CR119811
1.550
0.882
0.224
3.330
CR154C
1.13
CR162
1.750
0.865
0.225
3.660
CR175MAG
1.770
0.866
0.314
12.56
CR45
2.360
1.140
0.331
7.44
CR250N
2.380
1.000
0.280
6.030
CR238128MAG
2.800
1.203
0.330
8.370
CR280MAG
3.376
1.280
0.425
13.27
CR337AMAG
3.376
1.280
0.850
28.52
CR337CMAG
3.940
1.970
0.322
9.840
CR039401
4.540
1.750
0.400
14.61
CR454AMAG
5.270
2.210
0.550
25.11
CR525NMAG
5.275
2.240
0.750
37.81
CR525CNMAG
7.500
3.250
0.750
47.89
CR700RCMAG
O.D.
I.D.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.750
0.250
0.250
0.48
CR75N
1.060
0.216
0.125
0.32
CR106
1.125
0.750
0.125
0.34
1.181
0.983
0.115
1.750
1.280
0.250
Key: O.D. = Outer Diameter, I.D. = Inner Diameter, Thk. = Thickness
GRADE 8 O.D.
I.D.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.551
0.197
0.078
0.40
CR551209078
0.551
0.197
0.098
0.52
CR551209098
0.689
0.296
0.118
0.78
CR10N
Key: O.D. = Outer Diameter, I.D. = Inner Diameter, Thk. = Thickness
Part No.
Key: O.D. = Outer Diameter, I.D. = Inner Diameter , Thk. = Thickness
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
THK.
Inner Dia.
Outer Dia.
M
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13
ALNICO MAGNETS Alnico magnets are made primarily from aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron and sometimes titanium. Alnico alloys are formed by casting process or are sintered. Cast Alnico - Cast Alnico is melted and poured into a mold. Once solidified, the material is rough ground, then heat treated and cooled, sometimes within a magnetic field. When treated in the presence of a magnetic field, the magnet is called anisotropic (oriented). This orients the material to take on maximum magnetization and allows a higher gauss level. A cast magnet that is not heat-treated in a magnetic field is called isotropic (non-oriented). After heat treatment and cooling, Alnico can be ground to specific tolerances, then magnetized. Attributes of Cast Alnico: • Size parameters range from 1 oz. to about 70 lbs. (0.25” dia. x 0.50” and larger) • Easily casted to a variety of shapes and sizes Sintered Alnico - Sintered Alnico is made from a powdered mixture of ingredients that are pressed into a die under tons of pressure, sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere and then cooled either within or without a magnetic field (anisotropic vs. isotropic). Attributes of Sintered Alnico (Both Cast and Sintered): • Size parameters range from about 1 oz. to 1 cubic inch of material (0.25” dia. x 0.50” and larger) • Can be pressed to close tolerances requiring only minimal grinding to finish • Mechanically strongest of all Alnico • Very temperature stable, great for high heat applications • Maximum working temperature 975° - 1020° F • May be ground to size • High residual induction and energy product compared to Ceramic material • Low coercive force compared to Ceramic and rare earth materials (more subject to demagnetization) • Not suited for repelling or high friction applications
Applications of Alnico Magnets - Separators, sensors, electron tubes, traveling wave tubes, radar, holding magnets, coin acceptors, clutches and bearings, auto ignition magnetos, motors, distributors, relays, controls, generators, receivers, telephones, bell ringers, microphones, guitar pickups, loudspeakers, security systems, cow magnets. Tolerances - Unless otherwise specified, our tolerances on Alnico material meet and often exceed International Magnetics Association(IMA) standards. For unfinished surfaces (as cast) the following tolerances apply: 0-1”: +/– .016” 1-3”: +/– .031” 3-5”: +/– .047” 5-7”: +/– .062” 7-9”: +/–.078” 9-12”: +/– .094” Finished surfaces are normally ground to +/– .005”. Magnetizing and Handling - Magnetizing is done after the magnet has been machined to the correct tolerances. Care should be taken when handling Alnico material since it is brittle and can chip or break if dropped on a hard surface. Also, because it has a low resistance to demagnetization, it will lose power if it is stored improperly (poles repelling each other). For best results, store magnetized Alnico so that pieces are attracting each other, or with a steel keeper. Machining - Alnico is a very hard and brittle material and does not lend itself to conventional machining. The Magnet Source® employs experienced machinists and the proper equipment to grind Alnico to its required dimensions. Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches and are approximate.
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Typical Magnetic and Physical Properties of Alnico Magnet Material Max. Typical Energy Residual Product Induction BH (max) Br (max)
Density
Alnico Material
Coercive Force Hc (min)
Intrinsic Coercive Maximum Force Operating Curie (Hci) Temperature Temperature
lbs/in3
g/cm3
MGO
Gauss
Oersteds
Oersteds
FO
CO
FO
CO
Alnico 5 (cast)
0.264
7.3
5.5
12500
> 650
> 640
1022
550
1562
850
Alnico 8 (cast)
0.262
7.3
5.3
8200
> 1450
> 1860
1022
550
1562
850
Alnico 5 (sintered)
0.250
6.9
4.2
12000
> 600
> 630
842
450
1580
860
Alnico 8 (sintered)
0.252
7.0
4.0
8200
> 1500
> 1690
842
450
1580
860
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
THK.
ALNICO
M
Dia.
5 PLUG
MAGNETS AVAILABLE
ALNICO 5 ROD MAGNETS Length Diameter
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
1
1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4
2
3
4
5
6
8
Weight (Lbs./inch)
1/8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
—
0.0033
1/5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
—
0.0074
1/4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0135
1/3
—
•
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0202
3/8
—
•
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0305
1/2
—
•
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0520
7/8
—
—
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.1587
1
—
—
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.2073
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Key: — = not available in this size.
Tolerances:
L
• 1/8” to 1/2” diameter: ground to +/– .005” and cut to length +/– .010”
M
Dia.
• 7/8” diameter: cast to +/– .016” and cut to length +/– .031” • 1” diameter: cast to +/– .031” and cut to length +/– .031”
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15
ALNICO 5 HORSESHOE MAGNETS GRADE 5 A
B
C
D
E
F
Lbs. Pull
0.750
1.125
0.250
0.312
0.219
1.125
3
HS170*
Part No.
1.187
0.785
0.800
0.590
0.280
1.187
10
HS811NS01*
1.188
1.950
0.250
0.400
0.400
1.188
1
07225*
1.570
0.984
0.984
0.750
0.400
1.570
20
HS812N*
1.625
0.844
1.125
0.812
0.406
1.625
19
HS90C
1.770
1.187
1.187
0.875
0.437
1.770
30
HS813N*
2.000
1.375
0.609
0.750
0.625
2.000
22
HS171*
2.500
2.500
0.940
1.600
0.450
2.500
54
HS025000*
F
B E
D
E
C
A Includes keeper. All are cast with pole faces ground smooth.*Painted Red.
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
ALNICO 5 HOLDING MAGNETS GRADE 5 A
B
C
D
E
0.500
0.375
0.165
0.450
0.165
2
1.5
0.687
0.687
0.344
0.344
0.187
2
5
AH25H153MAG
0.750
0.500
0.270
0.700
0.218
2
4
AH2822N*
0.875
0.875
0.437
0.406
0.250
2
9
AH2888MAG
1.000
0.625
0.343
0.343
0.218
2
6
AH2823C*
1.000
0.750
0.250
0.500
0.250
4
16
AH43136C
1.000
0.625
0.312
0.933
0.230
2
6
AH2823N*
1.250
0.750
0.250
0.625
0.250
6
25
AH63130MAG
1.500
0.875
0.312
0.750
0.375
6
30
AH63133
2.000
1.250
0.375
1.000
0.500
No. of Poles Lbs. Pull
8
65
Part No. AH2821N*
AH83140
E N S
S
D A
N B Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Includes keeper. All are cast with pole faces ground smooth.*Painted Red.
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C
ALNICO 5 BAR MAGNETS GRADE 5 Thickness x Width 1/2 3/4
1
1- 1/4
2
Length 3
4
5
6
8
10
Weight (Lbs./inch)
1/4 x 1/4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0167
1/4 x 1/2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0333
1/4 x 1
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
—
0.0667
3/8 x 1
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0999
1/2 x 1/2
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.0667
1/2 x 1/2
—
—
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0.1333
3/4 x 3/4
—
—
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
—
0.1490
1x1
—
—
—
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
—
0.2650
Key: — = not available in this size. Tolerances: As cast -0”-1” +/– .016 and cut to length +/– .010, and 1” - 2” +/– .031 and cut to length +/– .031. Standard stock items listed above are cast Alnico 5 material.
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
M
THK.
L
W
ALNICO MAGNET ASSEMBLIES GRADE 5 Diameter
Height
0.687
0.625
AA6862
Part No.
0.812
0.75
AA8175
1.06
1
AA1061
1.375
1.187
AA1371
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Alnico assemblies can be used in holding applications where heat is a factor. Various thread sizes for attaching
H
Dia.
and each includes keeper to retain magnetic strength.
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17
SAMARIUM COBALT MAGNETS (RARE EARTH MAGNETS) Samarium Cobalt magnets (SmCo) are composed of Samarium, Cobalt and iron. These rare earth magnets are extremely strong for their small size, metallic in appearance and found in simple shapes such as rings, blocks and discs. Manufacturing - In general, the elements are melted together and milled into a powder that is dry-pressed to shape in the presence of a magnetic field. The material is then sintered, aged, ground to dimension, magnetized and tested. Attributes of Samarium Cobalt: • High resistance to demagnetization • High energy (magnetic strength is strong for its size) • Good to moderately high temperature stability • Pricing for Samarium Cobalt is market sensitive Applications of Samarium Cobalt: • Computer disc drives and sensors • Traveling wave tubes • Linear actuators and satellite systems • Motors where temporary stability is vital Tolerances - For as-pressed material, tolerance on the thickness (direction of magnetization) is +/– .005”. Other dimensions are +/– 2.5% or +/– .010”, whichever is greater. According to International Magnetics Association (IMA) standards, visual imperfections such as hairline cracks, porosity and minor chips are commonly found in sintered metallic magnets. A chipped edge is considered acceptable if no more than 10% of the surface is missing. Cracks are acceptable as long as they do not extend across more than 50% of pole surface.
Magnetizing and Handling - Samarium Cobalt magnets are very brittle and very strong magnetically. Therefore, it is crucial to handle these magnets with extreme care to avoid personal injury and damage to the magnets. Fingers can be severely pinched between attracting magnets. Magnets can chip if allowed to “jump at” an attracting object. It is highly recommended that when constructing rare earth magnetic assemblies, the magnets be magnetized after assembly. Machining - Since Samarium Cobalt magnet material is prone to chipping and cracking, it does not lend itself to conventional machining methods. It can, however, be abrasively ground, but only with the use of liberal amounts of coolant. The coolant minimizes heat fracturing and the risk of fires caused by oxidized grinding dust. Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches are approximate.
Typical Magnetic and Physical Properties of Samarium Cobalt Magnet Material Samarium Cobalt Material SmCo 18 SmCo 20 SmCo 22 SmCo 24 SmCo 26 SmCo 28 SmCo 30
18
Density lbs/in3 0.296 0.296 0.299 0.304 0.304 0.303 0.303
magnetsource.com
g/cm3 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4
Max. Typical Energy Residual Product Induction BH (max) Br (max) MGO 16-18 19-21 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28 28-30
Gauss 8700 9200 9500 9900 10400 10700 11000
Coercive Force Hc (min)
Intrinsic Maximum Curie Coercive Operating Force Temperature Temperature (Hci)
Oersteds > 8100 > 8500 > 8900 > 9100 > 9400 > 9500 > 9900
Oersteds > 16000 > 16000 > 16000 > 18000 > 18000 > 18000 > 18000
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FO 482 482 482 662 662 662 662
CO 250 250 250 350 350 350 350
FO 1382 1382 1382 1508 1508 1508 1508
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CO 750 750 750 820 820 820 820
SAMARIUM COBALT RINGS Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
GRADE 22 O.D.
I.D.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.750
0.437
0.25
9.56
SCR754325-18
1.375
0.750
0.34
24.07
SCR01300*
THK.
Inner Dia.
M
Outer Dia.
Key: O.D. = Outer Diameter, I.D. = Inner Diameter, Thk. = Thickness * = with notch
SAMARIUM COBALT BLOCKS Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
GRADE 22
THK.
Length
Width
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
1.000
0.500
0.25
9.46
SCB250
M
W
Key: Thk. = Thickness
L
SAMARIUM COBALT DISCS GRADE 18
Magnetism oriented through thickness (M)
Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.187
0.06
0.42
SCD187
0.250
0.06
0.56
SCD002503N
0.500
0.06
0.94
SCD500
THK.
Dia.
M
GRADE 20 Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.156
0.060
0.38
SCD156
0.187
0.080
0.59
SCD188N
0.250
0.100
0.99
SCD25N
0.250
0.125
1.17
SCD26
0.250
0.250
1.63
SCD2525
Note: “N” in the part number indicates nickel plating. Tolerance: +/– .020 on diameter, +/– .005 on thickness
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GRADE 22 Dia.
Thk.
Lbs. Pull
Part No.
0.118
0.118
0.41
SCD118N
0.375
0.125
2.15
SCD375
0.375
0.060
0.97
SCD3751
0.375
0.250
3.47
SCD3752
0.500
0.187
4.22
SCD518
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Key: Dia. = Diameter, Thk. = Thickness
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19
HIGH ENERGY FLEXIBLE MAGNETS High Energy Flexible Magnets are composed of a strontium ferrite powder mixture with polymer bonding. These magnets are most commonly formed as strip. Manufacturing High Energy Flexible Magnets The raw material goes through a calendering process and then is formed into strip. It can then be easily machined to size and magnetized. High energy Flexible magnets are anisotropic (oriented), whereas standard flexible magnetic material is not. Therefore, high energy magnets are limited to magnetization through the thickness, and are similar in strength to a Grade 1 Ceramic magnet. Special magnetizing patterns are available and may require fabrication of magnetizing fixtures. Attributes of High Energy Flexible Magnets • Higher resistance to demagnetization compared to standard flexible magnetic material • Easy fabrication and handling • Free from chipping, cracking or shattering • Adhesive or plain coatings available
Applications of High Energy Flexible Magnets
• Low Curie point, not good in high-heat applications
• Motors
• Inexpensive
• Sensors
• High-energy provides greater strength compared to regular flexible material
• Latches • Magnetic Assemblies
Chemical Resistance
Weather Water Ozone Dilute Acid Dilute Bases Oils
• Electronics
= = = = = =
Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Good Poor
• Appliances • Holding • Actuators • Seals Images throughout this catalog are not to scale. All dimensions listed in inches are approximate.
Typical Magnetic and Physical Properties of High Energy Flexible Magnet Material High Energy Material (BH Max) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
20
Density lbs/in 0.128 0.128 0.128 0.128
3
magnetsource.com
g/cm3 3.542 3.542 3.542 3.542
Max. Energy Product BH (max)
Residual Induction Br
Coercive Force Hc
Intrinsic Coercive Force (Hci)
MGO 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Gauss 2200 2300 2350 2450
Oersteds 1900 1950 2000 2100
Oersteds 2400 2400 2900 2900
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HIGH ENERGY FLEXIBLE MAGNETS Length
Width
Thickness
Magnetization
Max. Energy Product (BH Max)
1 24 36 48 48 48 60 60 60 60 60 1200 1200
0.75 3.00 3.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 0.50 2.00 1.00
0.187 0.125 0.250 0.060 0.060 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.187 0.250 0.060 0.125
Conv MP Conv 2 P.E.S. Conv 2 P.E.S. Conv. Conv Conv Conv Conv Conv MP
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2
Part No. RUB40 (with .1875” hole) PSM50 PSM1-250-3X36C PSM10 PSM10-CONV PSM30 PSM3-125-60 PSM4-125-1X5CN PSM4-125-4X5CN PSM4-187-4X5CN PSM1-250 PSM1-80CONV PSM2-125-1X100MP
Key: P.E.S. = Poles each side
PSM-3-12-60
A
Flexible Magnet Pole Patterns (Conv): Has one pole on each side of the magnet (A) – North pole on one side, South pole on the other. (MP): Two Poles (PSM10, PSM30) or Multiple Poles (B) on each side – two or more sets of poles on each surface are used in open circuit designs. North and South poles alternate through the thickness of the material. Steel backing is desirable where practical.
S
N
PSM50
B
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S
N
N
S
S
N
N
S
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21
MAGNETIC FIELD VIEWER This amazing film shows the location and number of poles on any magnet. Magnetic poles appear as dark areas. Light areas represent where North and South poles meet. Available in large sheets which may be cut to size, or in a durable laminated card size. Part No. MVP1 MVP2 DMVC-1
Description 12” x 12” sheet of field viewing film 18” x 36” sheet of field viewing film 2-1/2” x 4” laminated field viewer card (right)
MAGNET TERMINOLOGY Anisotropic (oriented) - The material has a preferred direction of magnetic orientation. Coercive Force, Hc - The demagnetizing force, in oersteds, required to reduce the residual induction, Br, of a fully magnetized magnet to zero. Curie Temperature - Temperature at which a material loses its magnetic properties. Gauss - Unit of measure of magnetic induction, B, or flux density in the CGS system. Gaussmeter - An instrument used to measure the instantaneous value of magnetic induction, B. Hysteresis Loop - A closed curve obtained for a material. Obtained by plotting corresponding values of magnetic induction, B, for ordinates and magnetizing force, H, for abscissa when the material is passing through a complete cycle between definite limits of either magnetizing force, H, or magnetic induction, B. This data is usually plotted to rectangular coordinates. Intrinsic Coercive Force, Hci - Oersted measurement of the material’s inherent ability to resist selfdemagnetization.
Isotropic (non-oriented) - The material has no preferred direction of magnetic orientation, which allows magnetization in any direction. Magnetic Field Strength (magnetizing or demagnetizing force) - The measure of the vector magnetic quantity that determines the ability of an electric current, or a magnetic body, to induce a magnetic field at a given point; measured in oersteds. Magnetic Induction, B - Flux per unit area of a section normal to the direction of the magnetic path. Measured in gauss. Maximum Energy Product, BHmax. - The maximum product of (BdHd) which can be obtained on the demagnetization curve. Maximum Operating Temperature - The maximum temperature of exposure that a magnet can forego without significant long-range instability or structural changes. North Pole - That magnetic pole which attracts the geographic North pole. Residual Induction, Br - Flux density, measured in gauss, of a magnetic material after being fully magnetized in a closed circuit.
HANDY CONVERSION TABLE Temperature o
o
F = (C x 1.8) +32 o o C = F – 32 1.8
22
Density
Length
Weight
lbs / in3 = g / cm3 x .03613 g / cm3 = lbs / in3 .03613
in = cm x 03937 in = mm x .03937 cm = in x 2.54 mm = in x 25.4
MASS = DENSITY x VOLUME lbs = kg x 2.2046 lbs = g x .0022 kg = lbs x .4536 g = lbs x 453.6
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TYPICAL MAGNETIZATION POLE PATTERNS Oriented (anisotropic): Has better magnetic properties in a given direction. During the manufacturing process, a magnetic field is applied in the direction of preferred magnetization to orient the material and increase the magnet’s performance potential. With oriented material, multiple pole magnetization flux goes “through” the magnet making both sides of the magnet strong.
Non-oriented (isotropic): Has equal magnetic properties in all directions. During the manufacturing process the magnet is not exposed to a magnetic field. This material can be magnetized in any magnetization pattern. This material is weaker than oriented materials. With nonoriented material, multiple pole magnetization flux bends inside the magnet making it strong on one side only.
N
S
N
N
D
C B S
N N
N
S
S
N
A
E
F S
The following magnetization
S Blocks (A) Through the thickness Magnetized North on one side of the thickness and South on the other.
patterns apply to both oriented and non-oriented magnet materials:
Rods (B) Through the length or axial Magnetized North on one end and South on the other. Bars (C) Through the length Magnetized North on one end and South on the other.
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S Discs (D) Multiple poles (two sets or more) on a surface magnetized through the thickness Magnetized with more than one set of N/S poles on one or both faces of the magnet. Block (E) or Bar (C) Through the width or across the width Magnetized North on one side of width and South on the other. Ring (F) or Disc (D) Through the thickness Magnetized North on one face of the ring or disc and South on the other.
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23
Retentivity
B Flux Density
Saturation
a
b
Coercivity
-H
Magnetizing Force In Opposite Direction
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d Saturation In Opposite Direction
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c
f
H
Magnetizing Force
e Flux Density In
-B Opposite Direction
This is an example of a Hysteresis Loop. See page 22 for description.
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LIT-PMM 7/19