SEMINAR TOPIC: WASTE MANAGEMENT Silpa seelan 3 rd sem. Physical science Roll no :97 BMMIITC, Kottarakkara

WASTE ■ Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. ■ Waste are unwanted or unusable materials

“waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded. - European topic centre on sustainable consumption and production.

Source of waste

TYPES OF WASTE 1. Type of waste based on their physical state.

2) Based on the biodegradability

3). On the basis of effect on human health

STRATEGIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT A comprehensive waste management system consist of 1. Waste survey 2. Accumulation and storage 3. Transportation 4. Treatment and disposal

1). Waste survey ■ It differentiate and quantify the waste generated. ■ It should determine the points of generation and type of waste

2)waste Accumulation and storage ■ It occurs between the point of waste generation and site of waste treatment and disposal. ■ To accumulate solid waste,containers may be kept in houses, industries and commercial establishments.

3) Transportation ■ Ordinary solid waste is not treated on site. ■ Untreated waste must be treated from generation point to another site for treatment and disposal. ■ Closed trucks, trailers etc… .. Can be used for this purpose.

4)Treatment and disposal ■ Disposal of waste-” to get rid of waste” ■ Method of disposal depends on the nature of waste

1)landfills ■ Most of the solid waste in urban areas are buried in low lying areas to level the uneven ground. This is called landfills..

2)Recycling

■ Solid waste like paper, plastic and metals etc… are recycled. ■ Eg) molten plastic waste are mixed with asphalt is used for making roads.

3)Incineration

■ Incineration means “ reduction to ashes” ■ The burning of substances at high temperature ( of more than 1000C) to form ash is called incineration. ■ It is used to destroy household waste, chemical waste and biological waste.

4)composting he biodegradable matters contained in a municipal waste can be made compost. ■ It can be done two ways, aerobic and anaerobic. ■ T

5)Pyrolysis ■ It is an irreversible chemical change. ■ Pyrolysis is a common technique used to convert plastic waste into energy, in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

6) Biomass gasification ■ The biomass containing rise husk, wood, municipal waste, cow dung can be processed by bio gasification to produce methane. It can be used as fuel.

7)Biomethanation ■ Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas. ■ Municipal waste consisting of carbonic matters can be subjected to anerobic decomposition to produce methane.

8) vermi composting ■ Municipal waste can be used to prepare vermi compost.

Conclusion ■ Waste management involves the regular collection, transportation as well as processing and disposal or recycling and monitoring of different types of waste materials.