Regnum Dei 2002 Flipbook PDF

Año 2002

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M:GH KHLL>EE B KL

t `iom\m) ^ji `gg\ m`q`nod_j) `i g\ n\g\ _`g ]\ilp`o` \g lp` ?mdnoj c\]Ä\ ^jhk\m\_j `g N`dij _` gjn ^d`gjn .2+ L\m\ O+ ?\t`o\ij g\n di_pgb`i^d\n) o\i ^jio`no\_\n t _`n* km`^d\_\n kjm npn ^jio`hkjmzi`jn) nji `g o`njmj lp` hzn \km`* ^d\i g\n \gh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Hj `skm`n\ ^ji qdq`u\ `g .3 _` epidj _` `no` hdnhj \Éj) `i g\ ^\mo\ lp`) _`n_` Rd^`iu\) `n^md]` \ g\ ]`\o\ H\pm\ Idbi\id) kmdjm\ _`g hji\no`mdj \bpnodij _` g\ O\io\ ?mpu) `i >m`n^d\+ =io`n _` n\gdm _` Njh\) ?\t`o\ij) ndm* qd}i_jn` _` gjn ]p`ijn jad^djn _`g ^\m_`i\g F+ >o\+ L\gg\qd^dij) c\]Ä\ ^jin`bpd_j _`g mjh\ij kjioÄad^` q\md\n bm\^d\n t a\qjm`n `nkdmdop\g`n ^ji `g j]e`oj _` j]o`i`m pi\ ^jindno`io` \tp_\ h\* o`md\g k\m\ `g hji\no`mdj _` H\pm\ Idbi\id+ H`t`i_j \cjm\ `i g\ ^\mo\ _` g\ kmdjm\ `g h\bmj m`npgo\_j lp` n` n` c\ j]o`id_j ^ji g\n di_pgb`i^d\n) ì _WWY `_S_ SebQdQ TQY ]YcUbY ]_bdQ\Y) Y\ SXU fUT_ Y^ TY]_cdbQjY_^Y î) O+ ?\t`o\ij \kmjq`^c\ g\ ^dm^pino\i^d\ k\m\ ajmhpg\m pi\ ^g\m\ ` dhk\^o\io` _j^omdi\ nj]m` `g kpmb\* ojmdj t g\n ]`i_do\n zidh\n7 ^^ I\_m`) \]mdb\]\ g\ ^`mo`u\ _` lp`) ^ji `gg\n) c\]mÄ\ R_+ j]o`id_j `iom` ^p\m`io\ t ^di^p`io\ _p^\_jn gdhkdjn+ Jj c\ nd_j \nÄ+ L\^d`i^d\+ Izn qdg ap` `g km`^dj lp` _d`mji kjm qp`nomj Ankjnj `g hd}m^jg`n n\ioj `i lp` ap` q`i_d_j+ Mpd`m\ }g npkgdm) ^ji pi\ dipi_\^dÑi _` ]d`i`n `nkdmdop\g`n) gj lp` c\ a\go\_j k\m\ ^p]mdm npn i`^`nd_\_`n o`hkjm\g`n+ wg g\q\) ^ji np n\ibm` km`^djn\) g\n \gh\n _` ^p\iojn \^p_`i \ g\ ap`io` _` \lp`g o`njmj) lp` nÑgj \km`^d\ lpd`i \m_` `i `g ap`bj o`hkjm\g k`mj _jgjmjnÄndhj _`g kpmb\ojmdj j \lp`ggjn ñ cjt kjlpÄndhjnñ \ lpd`i`n `g O`Éjm n` gj m`q`g\ `i `no\ qd_\ î .3

+/ Y L]jx YamlYlg dg ngkljg \ad][lg ^agdg ]l dY hYkkYlY YfaeY \]d kmg ^jYl]ddg& h]j +* imYd] fgf []kk]jÉ g_fa \~ Ya ha]\a \] im]kla kYflakkaea lYfla n]ja aealYlgja \] EE B KL

Ai ijqd`h]m` _` .2/-) `i pi\ a`^c\ lp` ij n\]mÄ\hjn km`^dn\m) _`nkp}n _` om`n _Ä\n _` \bjiÄ\) g\ ?ji_`n\ I\mÄ\ _` Ljmoj) h\_m` _` O+ ?\t`o\ij) _`nc\p^d\_\ _` gjn h}_d^jn ^jmkj* m\g`n k`mj mj_`\_\ _` nd`mqjn t nd`mq\n _` @djn) `iom`b\]\ np \gh\ \g ?m`\_jm+ U) hd`iom\n O+ ?\t`o\ij ^m`Ä\ lp` `g \gh\ _` np h\_m` `no\]\ `i `g kpmb\ojmdj) g\ >o\+ H\pm\ Idbi\id g` `n^md]` \km`npm\_\h`io` _`n_` >m`n^d\ k\m\ \n`bpm\mg` lp` ij `m\ \nÄ7 ì Idbp`g n\ioÄndhj) `g kmÄi^dk` _` gjn öib`g`n) t O\io\ Ijid^\ c\]Ä\i km`n`io\_j `g \gh\ _` np h\_m` \ g\ Rdmb`i I\mÄ\ î+

?\t`o\ij) ^ji g\ k\u `i `g \gh\ t \n\u ^jinjg\_j) g` ^ji* o`no\7 ì @` q`m\n lp`) _` _d`u _Ä\n k\m\ \^z) o`iÄ\ g\ ^\nd ^d`mo\ jkdidÑi _` lp` hd h\_m` `no\]\ `i `g kpmb\ojmdj) o\ioj kjm hdn k`^\_jn ^jhj kjm `g _`h\nd\_j \a`^oj lp` nd`hkm` h` c\ kmja`n\_j+ I\_m`) n` gj mp`bj) ndb\ ^jinjgzi_jh`) \ bgjmd\ _` F`nÜn) ij _`e\i_j e\hzn _` \tp_\mg\) \ `gg\) t _` _\m bgjmd\) kjm `gg\) \ F`nÜn î EO+

Ag kpmb\ojmdj ij _`n\k\m`^`mz ipi^\ _`g cjmdujio` o`jgÑbd^j* `nkdmdop\g _` O+ ?\t`o\ij+ L\m\ `g O\ioj) `n o\h]d}i _j^omdi\ ^d`mo\ t \_hdod_\ lp` gjn lp` lp`_\hjn) gjn lp` \Üi qdqdhjn `i `no` `sdgdj) kj_`hjn \tp_\m \ gjn lp` ijn km`^`_d`mji `i `g np`Éj _` g\ hp`mo` t n` `i^p`iom\i oj_\qÄ\ `i a\n` _` kpmdad^\^dÑi+ L\m\ O+ ?\t`o\ij o\hkj^j n`mz h`ijn ^d`moj lp` c\t lp` `no\m nd`hkm` gdnojn k\m\ g\ k\mod_\ t lp` `g kmdh`mj `i gg`b\m kp`_` dio`m^`_`m kjm gjn lp` \Üi `nozi `i ^\hdij+ Od g\ hp`mo` np`g` n`m) k\m\ hp^cjn) ap`io` _` omd]pg\^dÑi) _`n\njnd`bj t _jgjm) k\m\ O+ ?\t`o\ij `n g\ `nk`m\iu\ ^d`mo\ _` c\]`mn` d_j \ g\ ^\n\ _`g L\_m`+ Hj `n^md]`) _`n_` Jzkjg`n) `g /2 _` h\tj _` .204) \ np \hdbj Fp\i >\podno\ O^\did _` g\ ?jhk\ÉÄ\ _`g =hjm @dqdij _` O\gÑ7.5

+2 g[ O]jg | [`] ag \Y Q \a af imY kme klYlg [me imYka []jlY ghafagf] [`] d]a kaY af hmj_Ylgjag k~ h]j e]a h][Yla& k~ h]j dñY^^][lg kmg [YjfYd] af e]( FY n] hj]_g e] [gfkgdYla Y _dgjaY \] C]km af fgf []kkYj] \] YamlYjdY& mdljY Y \Yjda _dgjaY h]j d]a Y C]km Y& ]f : f \ j] m & ?(& B & 6 & $ _ & -.(

L:G M:GH R E:L ;>G=BM:L :EF:L =>E INK@:MHKBH

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ì Ljm gj _`hzn) je\gz oj_jn `no`hjn km`k\m\_jn kjm g\ hdn`md^jm_d\ _` @djn \ _`nkje\hjn _` }no\ o\i \h\_\ q`nod_pm\) lp` `n ip`nom\ ^\mi` hjmo\g+ U je\gz n`\hjn c`^cjn _dbijn) ^p\i_j \gbpij _` ijnjomjn n` \_`g\io`) _` jm\m kjm gjn lp` n` lp`_\mji \omzn8 _` dbp\g hj_j) `g lp` n` lp`_` _`]` n`iodm bjuj q`m_\_`mj kjm `g lp` n` c\ d_j t \]mdb\m g\ `nk`m\iu\ ^d`mo\ _` lp` `noz t\ epioj \g L\_m` _` oj_jn gjn `g`bd_jn î .6/-+

=_`hzn _` kmjapi_j) O+ ?\t`o\ij m`npgo\ ^\o`bÑmd^j ^p\i* _j \admh\ lp` ij c\]mÄ\ diad`mij id ndlpd`m\ kpmb\ojmdj nd gjn cjh]m`n ij `nopqd`m\i o\i \k`b\_jn \ np kmjkdj lp`m`m+ Ai^ji* om\hjn `no\ _j^omdi\ `i `g ^^ I`hjmd\g _` gjn Ñkodhjn `e`hkgjn _`g L+ @+ ?\t`o\ij î m`_\^o\_j `g 3 _` h\muj _` .31- ì \ dino\i* ^d\ ip`nom\) g\n m`gdbdjn\n _` g\ O\kd`i^d\ î _` Jzkjg`n+ Ag kpm* b\ojmdj) k\m\ O+ ?\t`o\ij) _pm\ nÑgj `g od`hkj i`^`n\mdj k\m\ kpmdad^\mn` _` g\ kmjkd\ qjgpio\_+ \ Jj n` _`]` _`k`i_`m id `nk`m\m `i k`mnji\ \gbpi\) ndij nÑgj `i ?mdnoj+ L`in`hjn lp` ij c\]mÄ\ diad`hj) id o\hkj^j kpmb\ojmdj) nd ij `sdnod`m\ kmjkd\ qjgpio\_+ U o\ioj k`mh\i`^`hjn `i }g) ^p\ioj _pm\ `g kmj^`nj _` kpmb\^dÑi t kpmdad^\^dÑi _` ip`nom\ kmjkd\ qjgpio\_ î I+

Aiom` gjn `n^\njn k\k`g`n _` O+ ?\t`o\ij gg`b\_jn c\no\ ip`nomjn _Ä\n) `i^jiom\hjn pi \kpio` _` n`mhÑi,cjhdgÄ\ lp`) ndi kj_`m `no\]g`^`m _Ñi_` id ^pzi_j c\t\ nd_j kmjipi^d\_j) ^jino\ `no\m _dmdbd_j \ pi bmpkj _` _jgd`io`n m`pid_jn k\m\ `g api`m\g _` pi n`m lp`md_j+ ?ji `slpdndo`u _` `nkÄmdop t pi\ a` \goÄndh\) `g O\ioj c\]g\ _` g\ hp`mo` ^jhj _` pi\ gd]`m\^dÑi t ijn m`^p`m_\ `g _`]`m _` jm\m kjm g\ kpmdad^\^dÑi _` g\n ]`i_do\n \gh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ =g bmpkj _` ad`g`n lp`) \cjb\_jn `i njggjujn) ij _`e\]\i jÄm np qju) g`n _d^`7

+3 P K]klY [`] kaYeg lmlla \YddY eak]ja[gj\aY \anafY hj]hYjYla k]ehj] Y khg' _daYjka \Y im]klY lYflg YeYlY n]kl] \]ddY egjlYa [Yjf] ]l [`] kaYeg ^glla \]_fa& imYf' \g Yd[mf \a fma Yf\jy YnYfla& hgl]j hj]_Yj h]j [`a j]klY& ]l [`a j]klY `YZaYeg _Ym\ag n]jg \a [`a | hYjlalg& [me n]jY kh]jYfrY [`] kaY alg Yd IY\j] \] lmlla da ]d]la ê ]f :G=K>N & ?(& H(G=BM:L :EF:L =>E INK@:MHKBH

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lp` np ^j`ozi`\ O\io\ ?\o\gdi\ _` C`ijq\) ^jhj `g ì O\ioj _`g kpmb\ojmdj î+ Odi `h]\mbj) m`npgo\ \odi\_\ g\ j]n`mq\^dÑi _`g nd`mqj _` @djn Cdpgdj O\gq\ojmd ^p\i_j _d^` lp` nd) `i qÄnk`m\n _` g\ N`ajmh\ i`b\i_j `g q\gjm _` g\n di_pgb`i^d\n) _`]`hjn \ g\ O\io\ _` C`ijq\ g\ _j^omdi\ nj]m` `g kpmb\ojmdj) \g O\ioj _` Rd^`iu\ c\t lp` m`^jij^`mg` `g h}mdoj _` c\]`m `i^\mi\_j `no\ _j^omdi\ \ om\q}n _` np kmjapi_\ _`qj^dÑi \ g\n \gh\n _`g kpmb\* ojmdj+ Qi\ _`qj^dÑi lp` g` gg`q\mz \ npam\b\mg\n ^ji np hdn\ _d\md\ t ^ji di^`n\io`n jm\^dji`n t kg`b\md\n8 ^ji np km`_d^\^dÑi t ^jmm`n* kji_`i^d\8 nj]m` oj_j) ^p\i_j diqdo\ \ gjn ad`g`n) \Üi Y^ aeUcd_ fYQWWY_ UT _cSeb_ R_cS_ \ \tp_\mg\n c\no\ j]o`i`m _` @djn np kmjio\ gd]`m\^dÑi _`g ì ap`bj \^`m]Ändhj î _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Hj \odi\_j t om\_d^dji\g _` g\ ^ji`sdÑi O+ ?\t`o\ij t zid* h\n ]`i_do\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj ij n` _`nkm`i_` nÑgj _` np ^jmm`nkji* _`i^d\+ N`npgo\ o\h]d}i _` pi n`mhÑi ñ pij `iom` hp^cjnñ lp` kmjipi^dÖ) \gm`_`_jm _` .335) `g hzn ^jij^d_j _` gjn cdnoj* md\_jm`n o`\odijn) L+ @+ Fjn} Odgjn \) diodopg\_j ^^ >`\oj C\`o\ij Lpmb\io` î+ Qi\ m`g\^dÑi `qd_`i^d\_\ t\ km`^`_`io`h`io` kjm \lp`gg\n m`km`n`io\^dji`n kgznod^\n _`g O\ioj) o\i iph`mjn\n `i `g ndbgj TREE) lp` gj m`om\o\i `i np api^dÑi _` \]jb\_j _`g kpm* b\ojmdj //0+

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D\i nd_j `g kp`]gj ad`g) gjn _`qjojn _`g O\ioj) g\ m`gdbdjnd_\_ kjkpg\m _`g hdgn`dn^d`iojn `nk\Éjg gjn kmdh`mjn `i diopdm ^ji gÜ^d_\ \^md]d\ lp` oj_\ g\ qd_\ o`mm`i\ _` O+ ?\t`o\ij n` c\]Ä\ _`n\mmjgg\_j nj]m` g\ k\po\ _` pi\ dio`m^`ndÑi \io` @djn t _` npam\bdj `i a\qjm _` g\ _` g\n ]`i_do\n zidh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ ?pmdjn\h`io`) ap`mji o\h]d}i `ggjn gjn kmdh`mjn `i ^jhkm`i_`m ^pzi kj_`mjn\ kj_Ä\ n`m g\ dio`m^`ndÑi _` O+ ?\t`o\ij) t\ bgjmd* ad^\_j `i `g ^d`gj) `i a\qjm _` gjn ad`g`n _dapiojn) _`o`id_jn oj_\qÄ\ `i `g kpmb\ojmdj+ Eij^`i^dj TEE %.36.*.4--&) `i .36/ t `i g\ ]pg\ _` ^\* ijidu\^dÑi) \admh\ lp` O+ ?\t`o\ij ì O`ioÄ\ o\g n`_ _` \gh\n lp`) kjm `ggj) n` `iom`bÑ di^gpnj \g n`m* qd^dj _` gjn lp` npamÄ\i `ia`mh`_\_`n ^jmkjm\g`n `i gjn cjnkdo\g`n+ = om\* q}n _` `no` hdidno`mdj ^\mdo\odqj) ?\t`o\ij \idh\]\ \ gjn `ia`mhjn \ \h\m \ @djn) \ o`i`m k\^d`i^d\) \ `skd\m npn k`^\_jn t \ _`n`\m g\ L\omd\ ^`g`nod\g+ Jj _`e\]\ kd`_m\ ndi hjq`m ^ji `g j]e`oj _` b\i\m \gh\n k\m\ @djn) kjm gj lp` ap` \k`ggd_\_j ?\u\_jm _` =gh\n } +I'

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M:GH KHLL>EE B KL

?\u\_jm _` \gh\n) pi\ ^\gdad^\^dÑi kjkpg\m m`^jbd_\ kjm `g Ophj LjioÄad^` t lp` `g j]dnkj _` I\ggjm^\) Fp\i B`mizi_`u V\k\o\ ñ dhj `iom` hp^cjnñ dio`mkm`o\mz) `i .4/4) `i `g n`iod_j j]qdj _` g\n k\g\]m\n7 \ Rdq`i %gjn m`gdbdjnjn _` O+ ?\t`o\ij& _`_d^\_jn \ gjn hdidno`mdjn n`É\g\_jn kjm np O\ioj L\omd\m^\) lpd`i kjm `ggjn %gjn hdidno`mdjn \kjnoÑ* gd^jn& h`m`^dÑ n`m gg\h\_j ?\u\_jm _` =gh\n î+

Odi `h]\mbj) `g `kÄo`oj LU^Qd_b Q^Y]Qbe]) m`^jbd_j kjm Eij^`i^dj TEE `i g\ ]pg\ _` ^\ijidu\^dÑi _` O+ ?\t`o\ij) n`mz g`Ä_j hzn o\m_` kjm g\ m`gdbdjnd_\_ kjkpg\m `i n`iod_j \g`bÑmd^j c\no\ c\^`m _`g O\ioj pi ^\u\_jm _` zidh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Ai .4/-) pi o`\odij _` O\gu]pmbj) `g L+ @+ >`idoj Q]`m\^c`m) `so`i* _`mz `g oÄopgj \ oj_jn gjn _`qjojn _` g\n \gh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj) \g kp]gd^\m pi gd]mj `i Njh\ lp` odopg\ ?? VUTU\YccY]_ 9QSSYQd_bU TU\\U 7^Y]U% _ cYQ Uc_bdQjY_^U `Ub c_\\YUf_ TUÄ pakl] YZmf\Yfl] dal]jYlmjY kgZj] dY a_d]kaY q dY eafY EY OYd]f[aYfY \] @mY' fYbmYlg& @lg(& F{pa[g( O{Yfk]& ]flj] gljgk Ymlgj]k& Y M H=L L:BG M & F(& q ; >G öM>S & C( F(& CH & E(& 8UT\laXSTb :dP]PYdPcT]bTb& , lgegk( @mYfYbmYlg +301 q +31+(

L:G M:GH R E:L ;>G=BM:L :EF:L =>E INK@:MHKBH

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nzh`io` \ O+ ?\t`o\ij `g oÄopgj _` [ Y r Y \ g j \ ] Y d e Y k _`g kpm* b\ojmdj+ Ag gd`iuj) `i `a`^oj) ijn diomj_p^` `i pi\ qdndÑi kjmh`* ijmdu\_\ _` gj lp` ap` g\ api^dÑi _` O+ ?\t`o\ij \io` @djn `i a\qjm _` g\n ]`i_do\n zidh\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Ai pi mjhkd`io` _` ip]`n) lp` ^`iom\ `g ^p\_mj) \k\m`^` `g O\ioj b`ipag`sj ^p\i_j m`^d]` _` h\ijn _` I\mÄ\ \g JdÉj @djn) \gp_d`i_j \ gj lp` ap` g\ `ssk`md`i^d\ hÄnod^\ _` O+ ?\t`* o\ij) `i O\io\ I\mÄ\ g\ I\tjm _` Njh\) g\ ij^c` i\qd_`É\ _` .2.4 Aih\m^\i `no\ o`ja\id\ pi ^d^gj _` nd`o` h`_\ggji`n) `i ^ptjn n`bh`iojn dia`mdjm`n `i^jiom\hjn diq\md\]g`h`io` pi kpmb\ojmdj c`^cj _` gg\h\n t kj]g\_j _` \gh\n ]`i_do\n) m`g\* ^dji\_j ^\_\ pij _` `ggjn ^ji n`i_jn `kdnj_djn _` g\ qd_\ _` O+ ?\t`o\ij) qdnoj j]qd\h`io` ^jhj pi \a\ijnj ^\u\_jm _` \lp`* gg\n \gh\n) \ g\n lp` pi öib`g \tp_\ \ n\gdm _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Odbpd`i_j `g hjqdhd`ioj mjo\ojmdj _`g m`gje) `i `g kmdh`m aji_j q`hjn \ O+ ?\t`o\ij `g`q\_j `i }so\ndn ` dio`m^`_d`i_j kjm g\n ]`i_do\n zidh\n+ Ai `g n`bpi_j) `g O\ioj \k\m`^` `i \^odop_ jm\io` \io` `g O\ioÄndhj O\^m\h`ioj `skp`noj nj]m` `g \go\m) dio`m^`_d`i_j `qd_`io`h`io` `i a\qjm _` g\n ]`i_do\n zidh\n+ Ag o`m^`m h`_\ggÑi km`n`io\ \g O\ioj) _`nip_j _` g\ ^diopm\ c\^d\ \mmd]\) hd`iom\n ^ji pi\ h\ij n` \ujo\ t ^ji g\ jom\ `hkpÉ\ `g ^mp^dadej) `n _`^dm) km\^od^\i_j pi\ \^^dÑi k`ido`i^d\g `i a\qjm _`g kpmb\ojmdj+ Ag ^p\moj gj km`n`io\ mj_`\_j _` kj]m`n t h`* i`no`mjnjn) di_d^\i_j lp` np ^\md_\_ ap` o\h]d}i pi npam\bdj `i a\qjm _` g\n zidh\n+ Ai `g lpdioj O+ ?\t`o\ij) _` kd`) jam`^` g\ q`no` ipk^d\g \ pi zib`g k\m\ m`q`nodm ^ji `gg\ \g \gh\ lp` \mm\i^\ _` g\n gg\h\n _`g kpmb\ojmdj t }no\ kp`_\ `iom\m `i g\ n\g\ _`g ]\ilp`o` ^`g`nod\g+ Ag n`soj h`_\ggÑi `scd]` pi O\i/5

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36

Eg o`hkdj _`d @djn^pmd `m\ kmjnodgj) \g kmji\j) ^jnodopdoj _\ n`d ^jgjii` ^jmdiud` i`g kmjnk`ooj ` _\ _p` i`d mdnqjgod) n`bpdq\ g\ ^`gg\) g` ^pd k\m`od g\o`m\gd mdnpgo\q\ij qdndodgd _\o\ g ô\nn`iu\ _d ^jgjii`+ ì Lg\idh`omd^\h`io`) g\ ^`gg\ hdnpm\q\ di g\mbc`uu\ lp\ioj gô\iodno\io` kmji\j) ` o\g` _dh`indji` ~ \oop\gh`io` mdg`q\]dg` bm\ud` \gg\ km`nnj^c} dio`bm\g` ^jin`mq\udji` _`gg` _p` ^jgjii` `nom`h` i`g gpjbj _jq` `m\ij jmdbdi\md\h`io` ^jggj^\o`7 .3)4h`omd+ H\ hdnpm\ di gpibc`uu\ mdg`q\o\ i`g ^jmnj _d n^\qd jooj* ^`io`n^cd) ^dm^\ /1 h`omd) mdq`g\ ^c` g\ kd\io\ _`gg\ ^`gg\ `m\ kmjkjmudji\o\ n`^ji_j dg hj_`ggj b`jh`omd^j _d pi lp\_m\oj kdá N+ % `nn`i_j g\ np\ gpibc`uu\ k\md \ pi\ qjgo\ ` h`uuj g\ np\ g\m* bc`uu\ î }+ O`]]`i` g\ k\mo` ^jin`mq\o\ _`g o`hkdj ~ hjgoj gdhdo\o\) g` iph`mjn` ajiod g`oo`m\md`) dind`h` \bgd `g`h`iod m\^^jgod _\g N`b\ di n`bpdoj \d bd{ \^^`ii\od n^\qd `n`bpdod i`gg` aji_\udjid) ^jin`iojij _d md^jnompdmi` di h\id`m\ km`nnj^c} km`^dn\ g ô\mod* ^jg\udji` _`gg\ a\^^d\o\+ Eg kmjnk`ooj kmdi^dk\g` _`g o`hkdj nd kpÖ d_`\gh`io` md^\q\m` _\ \g^pi` ajiod d^jijbm\ad^c` lp\gd d _dn`bid m`g\odqd \bgd nop_d L\gg\_d\id npd k\mod^jg\md _`d ^\kdo`ggd ` _`gg` ]\nd _`gg` ^jgjii` `_ dg km`udjndnndhj _dn`bij _`ggôdio`mj kmjnk`ooj `aa`oop\oj _\ Bm\i^dn^j _` Djgg\i_\ i`g .21-+ N`g\odq\h`io` \ o\gd ajiod d^jijbm\ad^c`) dg lp`ndoj nojmdjbm\ad^j kdá dhkjmo\io`) ^jh` n^mdq` Ld`m I\m^j Ojg`) ~ n`iuô\gomj gô\oo`i_d]dgdo{ _`d _d* n`bid L\gg\_d\id ampooj _d pi km`npioj qd\bbdj _`ggô\m^cdo`ooj \ J\kjgd+ ì H\ ijo\ di^dndji` m\aadbpm\io` dg kmji\j _`g o`hkdj _`d @djn^pmd `_ \g^pid k\mod^jg\md di _`oo\bgdj) mdkjmo\o\ i`g lp\moj _`d npjd lp\oomj gd]md) c\ njgg`q\oj pi\ gpib\ n`md` _d dkjo`nd npg* g ô`q`iop\g` njbbdjmij i\kjg`o\ij _`ggô\m^cdo`ooj) di lp\ioj g` _da*3

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m\ojmd bm`^d) jmh\d ^\_`io` lp\i_j q`ii` m`\gduu\o\ g\ kmdh\ ]\ndgd^\ ^mdnod\i\ 68 o\g` o`nd ~ no\o\ mdo`ipo\) _\ Odgq\i\ O\q\m`n`) kdpoojnoj dhkmj]\]dg`) \i^c` n` mdkjmo\o\ nd\ _\gg\ Lg\o`\ _`g ^ji* q`ioj .-.) i`gg\ lp\g` nd g`bb` \kkpioj ^c` g\ ^cd`n\ q`ii` `_dad^\o\ ì _jqô`m\ dg k\g\uuj _`ggôdhk`m\ojm` î ) nd\ _\g h\ijn^mdooj ^di* lp`^`io`n^j _d R\g`mdj L\b\ij) dg lp\g` \aa`mh\) m`g\odq\h`io` \ggô`_dad^dj k\b\ij) ^c` ^^ Bp kjd lp`noj o`hkdj bp\noj ` mph\oj) ` qd ap a\ooj pi k\g\uuj _`ggôdhk`m\ojmd î+ =gg` nk\gg` _`g o`hkdj) kdá \ ijm_ om\ gô\oop\g` qd\ O\i L\jgj ` g ô=iod^\bgd\) gô\iod^cdnndhj g\mbc`ooj _`d Cdb\iod `_ dg Iji\no`mj _`d k\_md o`\odid) nd `mb`q\ g\ hjg` _`g o`\omj n^jk`moj g` ^pd hpm\ njij jbbd dibgj]\o` i`gg` nompoopm` _`gg` \iod^c` \]d* o\udjid ^c` ^jhkg`o\ij gôdnjg\oj adij \ggô=iod^\bgd\+ Bdij \g .1-pi\ bm\i k\mo` _`g bdmj `no`mij _d lp`noj o`\omj `m\ \i^jm\ `nd* no`io` `_ di lp`nod \iid dg o`\omj bd{ n`h]m\q\ pi mp_`m` j k`mgj* h`ij \q`q\ pi \nk`ooj n^jii`nnj nk`^d\gh`io` \ggôdio`mij+ E _\iid np]dod nd _jq`q\ij kmdi^dk\gh`io` \d o`mm`hjod) di pij _`d lp\gd nd ajmhÖ piô\k`mopm\ q`mnj dg qd^j ?dilp`n\iod ` q`ii`mj \gg\ gp^` g` k\mod kdá ]\nn` ^c` q`ii`mj _dnompoo` kjd _\d o`\odid k`m g\ ^jnompudji` _`g gjmj ^jiq`ioj ` k`m g\ md^jnompudji` _`gg\ ^cd`n\+ =oop\gh`io` ~ kjnnd]dg` jnn`mq\m` _\ggô`no`mij g` hpm\ _`gg\ n^`i\ qdnd]dgd i`g bd\m_dij ndoj i`gg\ uji\ n`oo`iomdji\g` _`g hji\no`mj h`iom` g` \]do\udjid njmo` g{ _jq` kmdh\ nd `mb`q\ g\ ^\q`\) ^jh` mdq`g\ij ajojbm\ad` \`m``) nd njij ^jiajmh\o` kg\idh`omd^\h`io` \ggôdin`_d\h`ioj _`ggô\iod^j o`\omj nampoo\i_j) ^jh` kmjkmd`) g` nompoopm` _d lp`noôpgodhj+ Eia\ood pij nop_djnj i\kjg`o\ij _`ggôKo* oj^`ioj n^mdq` ^c`7 ì Ei opood d njoo`mm\i`d _\ lp`noj g\oj iji nd q`_` \gomj) n` iji hpm\ g\o`mdud` di bdmj) ` ^\h`m`) ` ^jmmd_jd _dq`mb`iod) ` nk`^d\gh`io` di opoo` lp`gg` ]joo`bc`) ^c` njij npg

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.21- `_ dg .24/ g\ kjgdod^\ _d \^lpdnod) adi\gduu\od \ggô\hkgd\* h`ioj _`gg\ n`_` ^jiq`iop\g`) nd dio`indad^\ ijo`qjgh`io`+ J`g .224 qd apmjij) lpdi_d) g` ^ji_dudjid o\gd k`m _\m` didudj \gg\ ^jnompudji` _d pi ipjqj ^jiq`ioj) i`^`nn\mdj k`m g ôdinjmb`m` _d ipjq` `ndb`iu` lp\gd g ô\ph`ioj _`g ^jgg`oodqj+ P\gd g\qjmd m\_d^\gd) npg o`nnpoj `_dgdudj _`ggôdnjg\oj di `n\h`) _\m\iij ajmh\ \oom\* q`mnj pi\ nom\odad^\udji` nojmd^\ _`d ndibjgd dio`mq`iod) \g ^jh* kg`nnj hji\nod^j ^jnÅ ^jh` jbbd gj kjnnd\hj \i^jm\ q`_`m`) di* agp`i_j _`^dndq\h`io` \i^c` npggô\nn`ooj pm]\idnod^j _`ggô\m`\+ ?j* h` ~ kjnnd]dg`) dia\ood) jnn`mq\m` _\gg\ ijo\ kd\io\ _d J\kjgd @pk}m\^*H\am}mt _`g .233) gô\oop\g` qd^j ?dilp`n\iod iji `m\ \i* ^jm\ ^jgg`b\oj ^ji dg _`^ph\ij npk`mdjm`8 ~ njgj am\ dg .236 `_ dg .241) ^c` ^ji g ô\^lpdnoj _d \g^pi` ^\n` _d kmjkmd`o{ Op\m_j) dg qd^jgj nd kmjgpib\ adij \ggô\oop\g` qd\ =iod^\bgd\,0% nq`iom\i_j om\ gô\gomj g` \iod^c` nompoopm` _`g o`\omj+ O\m{ kjd) ^jh` q`_m`hj) g\ qjgjio{ _d m`\gduu\m` pi\ kjmo\ g\o`m\g` _`gg\ ?cd`n\) _\g g\oj _d qd\ O+ L\jgj) g\ ^\pn\ _`gg\ ^m`\udji` _`ggô\oop\g` qd^jgj EE O\i L\jgj ^c` nd dindip\ am\ g ô`_dad^\oj _`ggôdnjg\oj k`m lpdi_d n]j^* ^\m` i`g g\mbc`ooj ndoj kmjkmdj _di\iud g\ kjmo\ n`^ji_\md\ _`g* g ô`_dad^dj n\^mj+ Qi\ am\ g` di^jbido` kdá dio`m`nn\iod _\ _`gp^d_\m` ~ g\ k\mo` \qpo\ _\ggô\m^cdo`ooj P`\odij Bm\i^`n^j Cmdh\g_d05 i`g kmj* b`ooj k`m g\ ^jnompudji` _`g hji\no`mj+ = o\g` lp`ndoj ~ kjnnd]dg` mdnkji_`m` \oom\q`mnj piô\^^pm\o\ md^jhkjndudji` ^mjijgjbd^\ _`d ndibjgd `q`iod ^jnompoodqd+ ?jh` bd{ \^^`ii\oj) lpdi_d) d g\qjmd `]]`mj didudj i`g* g ô\iij .224 ` apmjij `nn`iud\gh`io` mdqjgod \gg\ ^jnompudji` _`g kdá bm\i_` _`d _p` ^cdjnomd _`g ^jhkg`nnj) km`^dn\h`io` lp`ggj

-1 E( =a F :NKH& af AP_^[X FPRaP$ 1á alaf]jYjag& h( .--( -2 ?jYf[]k[g @jaeYd\a | ^jY d] h]jkgfYdaly haÖ jYhhj]k]flYlan] \]ddñYj[`al]llmjY eYfa]jakla[Y fYhgd]lYfY( GYlg f]d +/.- af mf [gflY\g \a Hhha\g& ]fljÉ Y ^Yj hYjl] \]dMgj\af] M]Ylafg \a GYhgda& af LYf IYgdg FY__agj]& ad ,/ _]ffYag +/1.5 | hjgZYZad] [`] aflgjfg YddY k][gf\Y e]ly \]d +/** ad @jaeYd\a _ay fglg h]j d] km] ]kh]ja]fr] \a Yj[`al]llmjY& kaY klYlg ja[`aYeYlg Y GYhgda( EñYj[`al]llmjY fYhgd]lYfY [gflY Z]f k]ll] [`a]k] hjg_]llYl] \Yd @jaeYd\a4 EY LYha]frY& LYf IYgdg FY__agj]& L( :f\j]Y \]dd] =Ye]& LYflY FYjaY \]_da :f_]da Y ?arrg^Yd[gf]& dY Mjafaly \]dd] FgfY[`]& a LYfla :hgklgda ] dY BG G:IHEB

50

^jiadi\io` ^ji g ô\oop\g` qd^j ?dilp`n\iod ` ^ji g` hpm\ _`gg\ n^`i\ _`ggô\iod^j o`\omj mjh\ij+ H` qd^`i_` ` g` q\md` a\nd ^jnompoodq` _d lp`no\ nompoopm\ njij a`_`gh`io` mdkjmo\o` i`g h\ijn^mdooj _`g L\b\ij ^c` ^d c\ k`mh`nnj) ^ji g ô\dpoj _d pgo`mdjmd ajiod) _d m`\gduu\m` pi\ o\qjg\ bm\ad^\ i`gg\ lp\g` \]]d\hj ^`m^\oj _d md^jnompdm` ^mjh\od^\h`io` g` q\md` a\nd m`g\odq` \gg\ ^jnompudji` _`ggôdio`mj ^jhkg`nnj+ Ndnpgo\ dio`m`nn\io` \ o\g kpioj pi\ ^jhk\m\udji` am\ o\g` odkj _d bm\ad^j ` lp`ggj m`g\odqj \bgd \^lpdnod) _\ ijd md`g\]jm\oj) npgg\ ]\n` _d pij bd{ m`_\ooj _\ Ld`m I\m^j Ojg`) ` aji_\oj npgg` ijodud` ajm* ido`^d _\gg\ Lg\o`\ _`g Iji\no`mj+ Ndojmi\i_j) lpdi_d) \g ^cdjnomj di `n\h` `nnj q`ii` m`\gdu* u\oj di _j_d^d \iid _d g\qjmj ` km`^dn\h`io` ì Hô\iij n`bp`io` _`g .224 gd np__`ood k\_md _` g\ ?\n\ _d O\i L\jgj di^jhdi^d\* mjij g\ a\]md^\ _`g hjidno`mj gjmj ^ji g\ ^jhj_do{) ^c` k`m o\g` `aa`ooj LL+ L\jgj lp\moj ijnomj aji_\ojm` gd _jiÖ hdgg` n^p_d) ` ^jnÅ di^jhdi^d\hj g\ a\]md^\+ Ki_` nd kpÖ ^jind_`m\m` g\ hjgo\ k\od`iu\ ^c` c`]]`mj gd ijnomd L\_md q`^^cd) kjd^c} no`oo`mj q`iod* lp\oomj \iid \ _\m kmdi^dkdj njgj \gg\ a\]md^\) g\ lp\g` ap a\oo\ di _j_d^d \iid) njgj lp`gg\ _`g ndhkgd^` ^g\pnomj) nd^^c} no`oo`mj k`m gj nk\odj _d om`io\n`d \iid \ kjo`m bj_`m` jbid k\_m` g\ np\ ^`gd\) ` di opooj lp`noj o`hkj c\]do\mjij di ^`mod opbpmde ` ^`mo` ^\n\mdi` ^ji hjgo\ n^jhj_do{+ D`]]` dg k`ind`mj _d lp`no\ a\* ]md^\ dg njkm\ijhdi\oj L+ C`mjidhj B`mmj _d Ijijkjgd) dg lp\g` di lp`g o`hkj `m\ \i^jm\ ^cd`md^j h\ nÅ ]`i cpjhj h\opmj) ` km\od^j _ôjbid ^jn\) ap ^jhdi^d\oj dg kmdhj ]m\^^dj _`g ^g\pnomj _\gg\ k\mo` _d om\hjio\i\ q`mnj gô\iod^\bgd\ _`g o`hkdj \iod^j) ` lp`noj ap dg kmdhj ^c` ap a\ooj k`m^c} di lp`gg\ k\mo` D\q`\ij ^jhkm\o` \g^pi` ^\n`+ =kkm`nnj \ lp`noj ]m\^^dj a`^`mj g ô\gomj _\ g\ k\mo` _d g`q\io` jq` a`^`mj gô`iom\o\ _`g hjidno`mj) ` _d lp`* no\ `iom\o\ nd n`mqdmjij di ndij \ggô\iij .3-5) i`g lp\g` o`hkj ap n`mm\o\ lp`no\ `iom\o\) ` ap \k`mo\ \ggô\gom\ nom\_\ _`g O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) ^jh` nd _dm{ \kkm`nnj+ B\]md^\mjij _jkj dg ]m\^^dj q`mnj kji`io` jq` ^d a`^`mj dg m`a`oojmdj) ^p^di\) ` _dnk`in\) ` _d njkm\ g` ^`gg` ^jiajmh` \gg` \gom`) ` adi\gh`io` ap a\ooj dg ]m\^* ^dj q`mnj h`uuj bdjmij bdpioj ^ji g\ ^cd`n\+ Eg ^jmmd_jdj ^c` no\ `nkjnoj \ g`q\io` jq` `m\ g ô`iom\o\ _`g hjidno`mj) ap a\ooj ^ji pi

51

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

jm_di` njgj _d ^`gg`) h\ jbbd ~ ^ji ^`gg` _jkkd` g` lp\gd) apmjij kjd a\oo` g ô\iij .266 lp\i_j nd ^jhkmjmij g` ^\n` ^c` ^d `m\ij _d n`^jg\md ^jiodbp` \ g\ ijnom\ ^\n\ ` _\q\ij njb`odji` \ gd L\_md iji kd^^djg`+ Bp adido\ lp`no\ a\]]md^\ ^jnÅ n`hkgd^`) ^jmij nd ~ _`ooj g ô\iij .236 `nn`i_j km`kjndoj _d lp`no\ ^\n\ dg >+L+@+ =i* _m`\ =q`ggdij î+ @\ o\g` _j^ph`ioj ~ kjnnd]dg` _`_pmm` ^c` lp`no\ ì a\]* ]md^\ î ap didud\o\ kmdh\ ^c` dg Cmdh\g_d _dq`idnn` P`\odij) _d ^jin`bp`iu\ _j]]d\hj `n^gp_`m`) pi npj dio`mq`ioj) \i^c` o`i`i* _j ^jioj _`g a\ooj ^c` dg h\ijn^mdooj h`iudji\ pi ^`moj L+ C`mj* idhj B`mmj _d Ijijkjgd ^jh` d_`\ojm` _`g ^cdjnomj) lp\nd nd^p* m\h`io` _\g kpioj _d qdno\ kmjb`oop\g`+ E g\qjmd np^^`nndqd \ggô\hkgd\h`ioj _`gg\ ^^ ?\n\ î o`\odi\ mdn\gbjij \ggô\iij .243 ` njij lp`ggd) ^jh` n^mdq` Odgq\i\ O\q\* m`n` 061-) m`g\odqd \gg\ ojo\g` md^jnompudji` np ipjqj kmjb`ooj _`gg\ n^\g\ _ô\^^`nnj \gg\ kjmo\ h\bbdjm` _`gg\ ?cd`n\+ E hjodqd kmdi* ^dk\gd ^c` nkdin`mj d L\_md o`\odid \ o\g` jk`m\ njij mdkjmo\od _\d _j^ph`iod _ô\m^cdqdj _\ ^pd mdnpgo\ij `qd_`iod `ndb`iu` _d nd^p* m`uu\ iji^c} _d n\gq\bp\m_d\ _`gg\ _dbido{ _`g P`hkdj ?mdnod\ij A ì Oo\io` ^c` _`oo` bm\o` no\q\ij \k`mo` ` k\o`io` \ opooj dg kj* kjgj) jq` q`idq\ g\ b`io` kdá qdg` \ bdj^\m` ` a\m` \gom` \udjid di* _`bi`) k`mgj^c} k`m `qdo\m` gj n^\i_\gj ^c` ^jiodip\h`io` \k* kjmo\q\ \ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ `m\ij ^jnom`ood o`i`m n`mm\o\ g\ kjmo\ np_* _`oo\ î 1.+ Lm`^`_`io`h`io` nd \^^`_`q\ \gg\ ^cd`n\ k`m h`uuj _d lp`g* gôpid^j n^\gji` `g`h`ioj jmdbdi\mdj _`ggô\iod^j o`hkdj mjh\ij ]`i m\kkm`n`io\oj _\g _dn`bij _d Bm\i^dn^j _` Djgg\i_\) dg md* npgo\oj _`d ipjqd g\qjmd ~ diq`^` m\aadbpm\oj di piôdi^dndji` kp]*

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52

]gd^\o\ _\ C+ =+ Ophhjio` ^c` omjq\ ^jia`mh\ \i^c` i`d _j^p* h`iod mdiq`ipod km`nnj g ô\m^cdqdj _d Oo\oj Q' @\ piô\^^pm\o\ \i\gdnd \m^cdqdnod^\) `aa`oop\o\ _\ Odgq\i\ O\q\m`n`) nd ~ bdpiod \gg\ km`^dn\ _`o`mhdi\udji` _`ggô\iij di ^pd ap ^jin`bi\oj ` nd ^jhdi^dÖ \ m`\gduu\m` dg kmjb`ooj _`ggô\m^cdo`ooj Bm\i^`n^j Cmdh\g_d) dg .250+ @\ lp`noj \iij ` adij \bgd \iid om`io\ _`g ô3--) iji n`iu\ kmj]g`hd ` gpibcd k`mdj_d _d dio`mmp* udji`) g\ ^cd`n\ ap dio`m`nn\o\ _\ pi\ n`md` _d \hkgd\h`iod ` md* nompoopm\udjid ^c` n`bi\ij g\ i\n^do\ _`gg\ ipjq\ ]\ndgd^\ \i^jm\ jbbd `ndno`io`+ H\ _dn^jiodipdo{ i`g o`hkj dhkd`b\oj k`m g ô`m`* udji` _`ggô`_dad^dj) kpÖ `nn`m` nkd`b\o\) jgom` ^c` _\d hjodqd _d jm_di` `^jijhd^j) _\gg\ _daad^jgo{ _d a\m amjio` \_ pi\ ndop\udji` pm]\i\ ^jhkg`nn\) _dk`n\ _\ kmj]g`hd m`g\odqd \bgd \^lpdnod _d dhhj]dgd kmdq\od _\ _`hjgdm` k`m kjmo\m` \ o`mhdi` dg kmjb`ooj 1/0+ Eia\ood) n` i`ggô\m`\ \_d\^`io` \g g\oj gpibj _`gg\ ^cd`n\ q`mnj dg Rd^j ?dilp`n\iod iji qd `m\ \gomj ^c` dhj ng\mbj ^c` ^jin`iodq\ g\ gd]`m\ ^jnompudji` _`gg` ipjq` nompoopm`) ` i`ggô\m`\ m`omjno\io` g ô\]nd_` _`ggô\iod^\ >\ndgd^\ h`_dj`q\g` ^ô`m\ij gj^\gd bd{ _d kmj* kmd`o{ _`ggôjm_di` P`\odij) \ ndidnom\ nd km`n`io\q\ diq`^` pi\ nd* op\udji` `_dgdud\ hjgoj _daad^dg`) _jqpo\ \gg\ km`n`iu\ _d pi bm\i a\]]md^\oj _d odkj ^ji_jhdid\g` dg lp\g` dhk`_dq\ _\ lp`g g\oj g\ ^jnompudji` _`gg` ipjq` nompoopm`+ Jji ~ pi ^\nj lpdi_d ^c` d kmdhd g\qjmd ^jhdi^d\mjij i`g* g ô\m`\ _jq` d P`\odid \q`q\ij h`ij _daad^jgo{ \_ jk`m\m`) ^dj~ i`gg\ uji\ _jq` n\m`]]`mj njmod) n`^ji_j dg kmjb`ooj bmdh\g_d\ij) dg om\in`ooj ` g ô\]nd_`8 dia\ood ì J`ggô\iij .25. am\ jooj h`nd ap _dmj^^\o\) `_ `_dad^\o\ _\gg` k`_\h`io\ g\ k\mo` _`gg\ ^mj^`) `o

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53

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

_`g ^jmj _d _`oo\ ^cd`n\ î C' L`m o\gd g\qjmd) ^jh` nd kpÖ g`bb`m` _\d h\ijn^mdood) i`g .25. ap i`^`nn\mdj _`hjgdm` dg ^\hk\idg` _`gg\ ^cd`n\ h`_dj`q\g` `_ dg q`^^cdj ^jmj a\ooj ^jnompdm` _\d o`\odid _d`omj g ô\go\m` h\bbdjm` \d o`hkd _`g gjmj din`_d\h`ioj) iji^c} i`g .251 pi\ ^\kk`gg\ _`ggôAno\pmdo\ _d O\i Ld`omj ` L\jgj ndo\ njooj gô\g\ _`gg\ k\mo` _`nom\ _`ggôAq\ib`gdj 11O+ Ljnnd\* hj _pilp` _`_pmm` ^ji `nom`h\ _`^dndji` dg g\nnj _d o`hkj m`g\* odqj \gg\ m`\gduu\udji` _`g ^jmj ` _`g om\in`ooj _`gg\ ipjq\ ^cd`n\7 om\ dg .251) _\o\ _`bgd pgodhd \^lpdnod adi\gduu\od \gg\ _`hjgdudji` di lp`gg\ uji\) `_ dg .256 _\o\ km`^dn\o\ _\d h\ijn^mdood ^jin`m* q\od km`nnj g ô=m^cdqdj _d Oo\oj -/' Pjmi\i_j \gg\ _daad^jgo{ njkm\ \^^`ii\o\ m`g\odq\ \ggôdiomd* b\o\ ndop\udji` `_dgdud\ npg g\oj ndidnomj _`gg\ ?cd`n\ ^c`) ^jh` bd{ _`ooj) ap g\ ^\pn\ kmdi^dk\g` _d pi gpibj k`mdj_j _d k\pn\ i`d g\qjmd _d \hkgd\h`ioj _`ggô`_dad^dj n\^mj) qjmm`hhj km`^dn\m` ^c`) gôdhkjnnd]dgdo{ _d m`\gduu\m` g\ i\q\o\ hdijm` ndidnom\ did]Å gjbd^\h`io` \i^c` g\ m`\gduu\udji` _`gg\ i\q\o\ \_ `nn\ ndhh`* omd^\) ^\pn\i_j pij n^jhk`inj kmjkjmudji\g` om\ g` ipjq` bm\i_d nompoopm` _`g ^jmj ` _`g om\in`ooj ` g\ i\q\o\ _`gg\ ]\ndgd^\ h`* _dj`q\g` \i^jm\ omdk\modo\ _\gg` .5 ^jgjii` _d bm\idoj8 ]\nod k`i* n\m` ^c` gôdind`h` _`ggô\]nd_` ` _`g om\in`ooj q`idq\ bmjoo`n^\* h`io` \ md^jkmdm` piô\m`\ lp\nd _p` qjgo` h\bbdjm` mdnk`ooj \ggôpid^\ i\q\o\+ ?jh` nd kpÖ g`bb`m` _\g h\ijn^mdooj _d R\g`mdj L\b\ij) mdn\g` \g .255 pi o`io\odqj _d mdnjgq`m` o\gd _dnnji\iu` kmjkjm* udji\gd) h\ o\g` o`io\odqj nd ~ mdq`g\oj pi a\ggdh`ioj di lp\ioj \bbm\qÖ pgo`mdjmh`io` g\ _daajmhdo{ nk\ud\g` _`ggôdhkd\ioj14+ Eg ^mjidno\ P`\odij n^mdq` dia\ood _d ì \gomd L\_md î ^c` n`iu\ g ô\n* n`inj _`g gjmj ^jiam\o`ggj Bm\i^`n^j Cmdh\g_d %^ qjgn`mj mda\m`

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IY\ja M]Ylafa Y_da ]k][mlgja \]d g\i^ _` Ljh\m_) \h]`_p` =hh+md _`ô npjd @`h\ie) _d om\* nkjmo\mnd) n`k\m\o\h`io` i`gg` Lmjqdi^d` k`m _dmdbb`m`) njmq`bgd\m` g` jk`* m\udjid m`g\odq` \gg\ njkkm`nndji` _d k\m`^^cd` ?\n` N`gdbdjn`) jm_di\o` ^jgg\ H`bb` _`g .0 ^jmm+$) qd km`q`ibj _d lp`no\ hdnpm\) \aadi^c} ]dnj* bi\i_j) `nnd omjqdij di qjd) ` i` Ojooj Eio`i_`iod) `_ =hh+md hpid^dk\gd ^c` qd njij np]]jm_di\od g ô\nndno`iu\ _d ^pd kjom`]]`mj \q`m ]dnjbij k`m g ô\_`hkdh`ioj _`bgd Km_did _`g N`) ` _`ggôdnompudji` ^c` gjmj cj _\o\ k`m jm_di` _d Op\ I\`no{+ =qm`o` ^pm\ _ôdnompdmgd _d opooj ^d) ^c` kjo`nn`mj q`idmqd \ ijodud\ _d ^jiom\mdj \gPdio`m`nnd _`g N`) ^jh` n\m`]]` \ _dm` _dg\kd_\udji` _d hj]dgdj) om\apb\h`ioj _d odojgd ` ^\mo`) lp\gpilp` i` ajnn` g ô\pojm`) ` h` i` m`i_`m`o` ^jioj+ O` d ^jhhdnn\md _d Op\ I\`no{ bdp_d^\ij _d ^jhh`oo`m` lp\g^c` jbb`ooj \gg\ qjnom\ njmqdbgd\iu\ k\mod^jg\m`) njij i`gg\ ad_p^d\ ^c` bgd dio`m`nnd _`g N` iji n\m\iij i`bg`ood+ Nd^`q`o`) Odbijm`) g ô\nnd^pm\iu\ _`gg\ hd\ k`ma`oo\ nodh\+ Eg ?jindbgd`m` _d Oo\oj) Ididnomj _`gg` Bdi\iu`+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' , 0

J\kjgd . 6 ,,/ ,. 5 - 4 =g Ididnomj _`gg` Bdi\iu`+ Ei mdn^jiomj \gg\ g`oo`m\) ^c` R+A+ hd c\ a\ooj gôjijm` _d n^mdq`mhd) hô\aam`ooj \ k\mo`^dk\mg`) ^c` dg Ididnomj _`ggôEio`mij hd \q`\ _\g _d .1

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K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

_`g ^jmm`io` \iipi^d\oj g\ n^`go\ a\oo\ _\ O+I+ _`g Lmdi^dk` _d ?\kjnn`g` ` _`g Odb+ H` >g\i^ _` Ljhh\m_) \h]d_p` =hhdidnom\ojmd _`ô npjd @`* h\ie di^\md^\od _d kjmo\mnd n`k\m\o\h`io` i`gg` Lmjqdi^d` k`m _dmdbb`m` g` jk`m\udjid m`g\odq` \gg\ njkkm`nndji` _ô\g^pi` ?\n` _d N`gdbdjnd+ R+A+ kpÖ `nn`m nd^pm\) ^côdj gd h\i_`mÖ i`gg\ gjmj hdnndji` ^ji opooôd h`uud) ^c` n\m\iij di hdj kjo`m` ` ^c` njij kmjkmde \_ \nnd^pm\mi` dg np^^`nnj+ E Ojooj Eio`i_`iod c\iij bd{ md^`qpoj g` dnompudjid _d o\g` jbb`ooj+ Cm\_dn^\+

< Q cSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' , 0

J\kjgd .3,/,.5-4

=ggd Odb+. Ojooj Eio`i_`iod+ Eg Ididnomj _`ggôEio`mij ^ji g`oo`m\ _`ô .1 ^jmm+ó hd di^\md^\ _d `n`bpdmnd lp\ioj _\ Op\ I\`no{ jm_di\oj) ^c` d Odb+md >g\i^ _` Ljh\m_) ` dg Lmdi^dk` _d ?\kjnn`g`) \h]`_p` =hh+md _`ô H`bbd @`h\ie) q`idnn`mj i`d _dq`mnd gpjbcd _`g N`bij) jq` `ndnojij _`d Iji\no`md Ojkkm`nnd _\gg\ H`bb` lpd \^^gpn\ ` ^c` R+O+ ...+hd nd n`mqdm{ ^jhpid^\m` g\ kp]]gd^\* udji` i`gg` ?jhpid _`g npj @dnom`ooj k`m diqdbdg\m` \gg\ kdá kmjio\ `n`* ^pudji`+ Iôdi^\md^\ k`m^dÖ _d _jq`mnd _\ h` \d ijhdi\od _p` Ojbb`ood njhhdidnom\m` opooôd h`n\_ kjnnd]dgd di \_`hkdh`ioj _d _`ood jm_did+ Mpdi_d diqdoj R+O+ Qg\id _d W+++Y \gg` \pojmdo{ ?jhpi\gd _`g npj @dnom`ooj) ^c` bdpib`i_j i`gg` gjmj ?jhpid gd Odb+ >g\i^ ` Lmdi^dk` _d ?\kjnn`g` njh* hdidnomdij \d h`_`ndhd opooôd h`uud ^c` njij di gjmj kjo`m` \_ jbb`ooj _d a\^dgdo\mgd i`ggô`n`^pudji` _d gjmj di^\md^cd+ Dj g ôjijm`+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' , .

J\kjgd /0,/,.5-4 = ggôEio`i_`io` _d J\kjgd Odb+ Eio`i_`io`+ O+I+ ^ji N`\g @`^m`oj _`ô .4 no\io` _d ^pd g` \^^cdp_j ^jkd\ c\ _dnkjnoj) ^c` d hj]dgd _`ô Iji\no`md Ojkkm`nnd ^jgg\ H`bb` _`ô .0 B`]]m\ej) n\m\iij kjnod \gg\ _dnkjndudji` _`bgd Knk`_\gd Idgdo\md j ?dqdgd kdá qd^did+

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L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.-6

Ei ^jin`bp`iu\ _d o\g Ojqm\i\ _`o`mhdi\udji` Agg\ n`io`i_jn`g\ \ lp`noj `aa`ooj o\ioj ^jd @dm`oojmd _`ô @`h\ie lp\ioj ^jbgd Eio`i_`iod Idgdo\md) ^ji^`mo`m{ ^ji `nnd _`g hj_j _\ mdk\modm` d hj]dgd np__`ood om\ bgd Knk`* _\gd `ipi^d\od n`^ji_j d gjmj ]dnjbid i`gg\ km`q`iudji` ^c` bgd \mb`iod iji q`ibcdij ^jhkm`nd di lp`noj @`^m`oj) dg lp\g` mdbp\m_\ njgj d b`i`md _d g`ooj) ]d\i^c`md\) ` opooj^^dÖ ^c` kpÖ n`mqdm`) k`m pnj _d no\iu\) m`a`o ojmd ` ^p^di\+ Dj dg kd\^`m` _d \oo`no\m` g\ hd\ nodh\ Eg Ididnomj _`ggôEio`mij+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' , .

J\kjgd 2,0,.5-4 =g Odb+ N\ehji_j @d C`ii\mj Eio`i_`io` _`gg\ Lmjqdi^d\ _d J\kjgd+ O+A+ dg Ididnomj _`gg\ Cp`mm\ hd c\ k\mo`^dk\oj) ^c` O+I+ ^ji npj N`\g @`^m`oj _`d .4 B`]]m\dj n^jmnj c\ _`o`mhdi\oj) ^c` d hj]dgd _`d Iji\no`md Ojkkm`nnd ^jgg\ H`bb` _`d .0 _Å _d h`n` qd`ij kjnod \gg\ _dnkj* ndudji` _`bgd Knk`_\gd Idgdo\md) j ?dqdgd) di ^pd nd ^pm\ij d Ojg_\od Ei* a`mhd8 ` i`g o`hkj no`nnj hd c\ jm_di\oj _d km`i_`m` njgg`^do\h`io`) _ô\^^jm_j ^ji R+O+ Egg+h\) g` hdnpm` ^jiq`id`iod k`m ^jijn^`m` g\ i\opm\ ` g\ lp\iodo{ _`bgd jbb`ood kmjq`id`io` _\ggd _`ood ?jiq`iod) ^c` kjnnjij `nn`m` h`nnd \ _dnkjndudji` _`g Cjq`mij) k`m lpdi_d mdk\modmgd n`^ji_j dg ]dnjbij _`ggô=mh\o\+ H\ km`bj k`mo\ioj _d a\qjmdmhd dhj no\oj _d _`ood hj]dgd _dnkjid]dgd km`n`io`h`io`) ji_ôdj kjnn\ m`i_`mi` ^jioj \g Ididnomj) ` n\k`mi` _\ `nnj g\ _`nodi\udji`) \ lp\g jbb`ooj hd mdn`mqj _d ijhdi\m` \ggjm\ pi Ojooj Eio`i_`io`) \aadi^c} nd ^ji^`mod ^jgg\ L`mnji\) ^c` gpd di^\md^c`m{ _d o\gd ^jin`bi` k`m kmj^`_`m` _ô\^^jm_j \ o\g` jk`m\udji`) ` ajmh\mi` qjgo\ k`m qjgo\) \ hdnpm\ _`bgd jm_did ^c` dg Ididnomj i` _\m{) bgd jkkjm* opid kmj^`nnd q`m]\gd+ Dj g ôjijm` _d^cd\m\mhd ^jgg\ kdá _dnodio\ ^jind_`m\udji`+ >jii`h\di Eio`i_`io` Idgdo\m`+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 2 ) 2 ^ b' ,.

J\kjgd 6,0,.5-4 =ggôEgHhj Odb+m` Eio`i_) _`gg\ Lmjq+ç _d J\kjgd+

..-

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

Odbijm` @ d mdn^jiomj \g mdq`mdoj ajbgdj _d U+O+ EQ+h\ _`ô 4 ^jmm+o` cj g ôjijm` _d mdh`oo`mqd i+mj .1 ^jkd` _`ggôEiq`io\me _d _dq`mnd Iji+md _d lp`no\ Lmjq+ó pgodh\h`io` njkkm`nnd h`_d\io` g` lp\gd n\m`o` i`ggj no\oj _d nj__dna\m` \gg\ md^cd`no\ a\oo\qd _\g Odb+ >jii`h\di+ Ud km`bj dio\ioj _d bm\_dm` bgd \oo`no\od _`gg\ hd\ kdá k`ma`oo\ nodh\ ` _dnodio\ ^jind_`m\udji` ^jgg\ lp\g` cj dg q\io\bbdj _d njoojn^mdq`mhd+ Eg @dm`oojm` _`ô N`\gd @`h\ie) ?\q+m` Npbbe+

< QcSY_ 2 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' + .

J\kjgd 3,1,.5-4 =dmdgHhj Odb+m` Eio`i_`io` _`gg\ Lmjqdi^d\ _d J\kjgd+ EEQ+h\ Odbijm` piôjm_di` \io`^`_`io` hôdi^\md^\q\ ^ji^`mo\mhd ^ji R+O+ ...+óó k`m* ^c} nd ajnn` _dqdnj dg hj]dgdj _`ô Iji\no`md pgodh\h`iod njkkm`nnd \ qjnomj _dn^`midh`ioj8 h\ pij kjno`mdjm` _d O+A+ dg Ididnomj _`gg` Bdi\iu` h ôdhkji` kjmo\m` opoo` g` h\o`md` h`o\ggd^c` \g >\i^j _d ?jmo`+ ?dÖ n^`h\ pi\ k\mo` _`g hj]dgdj nÅ k`m bgd Knk`_\gd ^jh` k`m g` L\mmj^^cd` ojbgd`i_j dg m\h` _\gg` ^p^di` k`m gd kmdhd) ` bgd joojid k`m g` n`^ji_`+ L`m qjnom\ dio`ggdb`iu\ cj ^m`_poj km`q`idmq`gj+ Dj g ôjijm` _d n\gpo\mqd ^ji _dnodio\ ^jind_`m\udji` ` k`ma`oo\ nodh\+ Eg @dm`oojm` _`ô N`\gd @`h\ie) ?\q+m^ Npbbe+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' + .

J\kjgd 3,1,.5-4 =g Ididnomj _`gg` Bdi\iu`+ Dj md^`qpoj di lp`noj kpioj _\g @dm`oojm` _`ô @`h\ie _d lp`no\ kmjqdi^d\ pi\ g`oo`m\ _\gg\ lp\g` mdnpgo`m`]]` ^c` opoo` g` h\o`md` h`* o\ggd^c` mdiq`ipo` i`d ?jiq`iod pgodh\h`io` njkkm`nnd iji _`qjij `nn`m` kdá mdk\modo` am\ bgd Knk`_\gd ` g` ?cd`n` L\mmj^^cd\gd) h\ k\nn\o` \g >\i^j _d ?jmo`+ Lm`bj R+A+ \ ^`modad^\mhd lp`no\ _dnkjndudji` k`m hdj bjq`mij) `_ \aadi^c} nd kjnn\ mdnkji_`m` paad^d\gh`io` \gg` md^cd`no`) ^c` hd q`ibjij a\oo`+ H\ km`bj \i^jm\ \ _dmhd n` kjnnj kmj^`_`m` \gg\ _dnomd* ]pudji` _`bgd \gomd jbb`ood di ^pd iji qd nd\ij h\o`md` h`o\ggd^c`) j i` lp\gd `nn` iji ajmh\ij dg q\gjm` kmdi^dk\g`) ^jh` njij bgd jmb\id) ` n` \g ^jiom\mdj dj _`qj \nk`oo\m` \gom` dnompudjid+

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

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Ei o\g` \oo`iudji` bm\_dm{ bgd \oo`no\od _`g hdj kmjaji_j mdnk`ooj+ HôEio`i_`io` _`gg\ Lmjqdi^d\ _d J\kjgd+

< QcSY_ 0 - * (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' + .

J\kjgd 0-,1,.5-4 =ggôEio`i_`io` _`gg\ Lmjqdi^d\ _d J\kjgd+ Ei m`kgd^\ \g qjnomj ajbgdj _d 3 _`g ^\_`io` di m\kkjmoj \gg` h\* o`md` h`o\ggd^c` _\ k\nn\mnd \g >\i^j _d ?jmo` hd _j km`hpm\ _d k\m* o`^dk\mqd ^c` dg @`^m`oj _`g N` _`g /3 a`]]m\dj iji c\ _`mjb\oj \ggô=mo+ 4 _`g @`^m`oj _`g /0 ^c` jm_di\ _d om\nkjmo\m` \ J\kjgd g` h\o`md` _ôjmj ` _ô\mb`ioj7 di ^jin`bp`iu\ ]dnjbi\ kjmo\m` \g >\i^j opooj ^dÖ ^c` nd omjq\ di lp`noj b`i`m` `^^`ooj g` m`gdlpd` ^c` njij piôjbb`ooj _d _dqj* udji`) ` bgd jmi\h`iod ^jh` Ldqd\gd) Ld\i`o`) `o^+ Eg _`^m`oj _`g /3 c\ npkkjnoj ^c` lp\g^c` L\mmj^^cd\ kjo`nn` h\i^\m _` ?\gd^d _ô\mb`ioj7 ~ md^jijn^dpoj ^c` `nn` i` c\iij opoo`8 dg m`noj ~ _`g npk`magpj ` dg N` iji c\ qjgpoj kmjqq`_`m` ^c` \d ]dnjbid+ Dj g ôjijm` _d n\gpo\mqd+ Eg ^jindbgd`m` _d Oo\oj Ididnomj _`gg` Bdi\iu`+

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< QcSY_ 0 . 0 (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' 2 * +

A^^`gg`iu\ / @+ ?\mgj I`cja`m N`oojm` _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj m\kkm`n`io\ \ R+A+ ^c` g` \^lp` jm\ ^\_po` c\i ^\bdji\od \g^pid bp\nod i`gg\ _`oo\ ^cd`n\) ` hjidno`mj) gd lp\gd n` iji nd mdk\m\i np]doj) i` kjnnjij q`idm` hjgo` mjqdi`+ Qi njkm\g\nomd^j) ^c` ^pjkm` g ô\iod* n\^mdnod\) ~ kmjaji_\oj npgg\ g\hd\) ^c` ^jqmdn^` g\ no`nn\ \iodn\^mdnod\ ` g ô\^lp\ kdjq\i\ ^\_` di lp`g gpjbj) k`m ^pd qd`i` dhk`_doj dg k\nn\bbdj+ Hô\mh\bbdj _`g o`ooj) ^c` ^pjkm` g\ C\gg`md\ _`g ap ijqdud\oj) nd ~ diam\*

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^d_doj di \g^pid gpjbcd) ^jh` ]`i\i^c` g\ o`g\8 ji_` ^\_` g ô\^lp\ di _`oo\ C\gg`md\) ` kpÖ k`i`om\m` i`gg\ g\hd\ _`gg\ n\^mdnoÄ\) ^jgg\ k`m_do\ _d hjgo` ]`ggdnndh` kdoopm`+ Ei hjgod gpjbcd _`g g\nomd^j \ ^d`gj qd njij _`gg` g`ndjid) k`m g` lp\gd k\nn\ g ô\^lp\ i`gg` no\iu`) ` ^jmmd_jd njoojkjnod+ @pilp` qd`i km`b\o\ O+A+ _d _\m` d km`nn\iod jm_did \^^dj^^c} nd a\^^d\ij g` np__`oo` mdk\m\udjid) `_ \^^jhj_d+

< QcSY_ 0 . 0 (* 1 ) 2 ^ b' 2 * +

J\kjgd 1,..,.5-6 Kbb`ooj7 Ndn^jiomj \gg\ m\kkm`n`io\iu\ diojmij \gg` mdk\m\udjid _\ a\mnd \g gj^\g` _`g njkkm`nnj Ijidno`mj _d O\i L\jgj+ =ggôEio`i_`io` _d J\kjgd+ A^^`gg`iu\ Ei mdn^jiomj \gg\ m\kkm`n`io\iu\ _d R+A+ diojmij \gg` mdk\m\udjid i`^`nn\md` \ a\mnd i`g gj^\g`) ` ^cd`n\) _`g njkkm`nnj Ijidno`mj _d O\i L\jgj) njij \ _dmg` _d \q`m mdh`nnj g\ R+ _d g`d m\kkm`n`io\iu\ \g Id* idnomj _d Bdi\iu\ k`m g ôpnj ^jiq`id`io`+ Cm\_dn^\ R+A+ bgd \oo`no\od _`gg\ hd\ nodh\+ Eg Ididnomj _`g ?pgoj+

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= _d .- O`oo`h]m` .5-6+ Ei ^jin`bp`iu\ _`ggôdi^\md^j md^`qpoj _\ O+A+ dg Odb+m` ?jin+g` _d Oo\oj Eio`i_`io` _`gg\ Lmjq+\ _d J\kjgd k`m g\ njkkm`nndji` _` Iji\no`me `ndno`iod i`g lp\mod`m` _d O+ Hjm`iuj di `n`^pudji` _`g N`\g @`^m`oj _~ 4 =bjnoj .5ijq`+ Jjd Cd\^jhj @`^pmdji`) Lmdi^dk` _d >`gq`_`m` `g`ooj _`gg\ hpid^dk\gdo{ _d _`ooj lp\mod`m` ` H`ji\m_j ?\n`gg\ Nd^`qdojm` _`d N`\gd @`h\ie ^d nd\hj mdpidod i`g gj^\g` _`gg\ Ipid^dk\gdo{+ Od ~ a\ooj g ô`n\h` _~ Iji\no`me `ndno`iod _`gg` m`gdbdjid _`gg` lp\gd i`g N`\g @`^m`oj i` qd`i` jm_di\oj g\ Ojkkm`nndji` `ndno`iod i`g lp\m* od`m` _d O+ Hjm`iuj) ` nd njij mdomjq\od `nn`m` gd n`bp`iod+

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

..0

O+ I\md\ I\bbdjm` _~ ?cd`md^d N`bjg\md Idijmd+ O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm` _~ L\_md P`\odid+ O+ Hjm`iuj I\bbdjm` _~ L\_md P`m`nd\id+ O+ I\md\ _`gg` Cm\ud` _~ LL+ >joodu`ggd + O+ =bi`ggj I\bbdjm` _~ ?\ijid^d _`g O\gq\ojm`+ Od ~ _`^dnj di n`bpdoj kmj^`_`mnd dhh`_d\o\h`io` \gg\ njkkm`nndji` _`g m`omjn^mdooj Iji\no`mj _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm` _~ LL+ P`\odid+ H\ ^jhh$ nd ~ ^jia`mdo\ i`g Iji\no`mj np_ jq` ^cd\h\oj dg L+ Opk`mdjm` _`g gpjbj ` bgd Ei_dqd_pd km`n`iod nd ~ a\oo\ \ h`_m\d g`oopm\ _`g N`\g @`^m`oj+ Eg Opk`mdjm` di ^jin`bp`iu\ _`gg\ md^cd`no\ a\oo\i` ^d c\ `nd]dod opoo` g` n^mdoopm`) odojgd _~ k`nd) ?m`_dod) m`bdnomd) `_ d ?jiod _ô=hhdid* nom\udji` ^c` nd njij mdi^cdpnd i`ggô=m^cdqdj n` i ô~ npbb`gg\o\ g\ kjmo\+ =q`i_j md^cd`noj \g L+ Opk`mdjm` _d `nd]dm^d dg _`i\mj ^jio\io`) d hj]dgd _d \mb`ioj) `aa`ood km`udjnd ` g` _`mm\o` `ndno`iod i`g Iji\no`mj) c\ mdnkj* noj _d opooj ^dÖ iji `nn`mqd ^jn\ \g^pi\0+ J`g gj^\g` _`gg\ gd]m`md\ iji qd `m\ij i~ gd]md i` \mh\me+ J`gg\ ^p^di\ ` i`gg\ ^\iodi\ iji nd njij mdomjq\o` ^c` kj^cdnndh` nojqdbgd` i`^`nn\md` \ggôpnj _~ N`gdbdjnd+ E lp\_md `ndno`iod i`g Iji\no`mj pidod \ lp`ggd ^c` `m\ij i`ggô\io` O\bm`nod\) nd njij mdi^cdpnd di pi\ no\iu\ ` n` i ô~ npbb`gg\o\ g\ kjmo\+ @`bgd \mm`_d n\bmd `ndno`iod i`gg\ O\bm`nod\) n` i ô~ n`k\m\o\ lp`gg\ lp\iodo{) ^c` d N`gdbdjnd c\i _`ooj `nn`m` ]dnjbi`qjg` \g O`mqdudj bdjmi\* gd`mj _`g ?pgoj) k`m dhk`_dm`) ^c` mdh\i`nn` dio`mmjooj dg @dqdij O`m* qdudj ` mdh\no\ ^jindbi\o\ kmjqqdnjmd\h`io` \g Opk`mdjm` _`g Hpjbj pid* o\h`io` g\ hj]dgd\ _`gg\ ?cd`n\ dg mdh\i`io` nd ~ mdi^cdpnj) ` npbb`gg\oj+ @\gg\ ?jhh$ nd njij o`mhdi\o` g` jk`m\udjid _`gg\ bdjmi\o\ di _â Iji\no`mj+ = _d .0 O`oo`h' .5-6+ H\ ?jhh$ nd ~ kjmo\o\ i`g _`ooj Iji\no`mj _d O+ L\jgj h\bbdjm`+ Od ~ ajmh\oj Ej Oo\oj _`d N`gdbdjnd) a\n^d^jgj / iphmj .+ Od ~ a\ooj g ôEi* q`io\mdj _~ Ij]dgd _d pnj k\mod^jg\m` _~ N`gdbdjnd ^c` _\ ^d\n^pij _d `nnd nd ~ a\ooj admh\m` a\n`$ / iphò /+ @\gg\ ?jhh$ nd njij o`mhdi\o` g` jk`m\udjid _d _`oo\ bdjmi\o\+

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ï _d /5 O`oo`h` .5-6+ H\ ?jhhç \nndnodo\ \ o`ijm` _`ggôEnompudji` md^`qpo\i` _\ O+A+ dg Odbm` Eio`i_ç _`gg\ LmjR\ _d J\kjgd _\ggô=m^cdo`ooj _`gg\ hpid^dk\gdo{ _`g lp\mod`m` O+ Hjm`iuj Odbm^ =iojidj Bjmodij nd ~ kjmo\o\ i`g njkkm`nnj Iji\no`mj _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`+ Pjgod d npbb`ggd _`gg\ kjmo\ _`ggô=m^cdqdj ` _`gg\ m\udji\gd\ nd njij `nom\ood _\d h`_hg opood d gd]md ` n^mdoopm` \k* k\mo`i`iod \d ?jiod ` kmjkmd`o{ _d _`ooj Iji\no`mj8 opood d npjd Hd]md nd njij kjmo\od di hpid^dk\gdo{ k`m ajmh\mi` d Oo\od ^jmmdnkji_`iod+ Cgd \gomd gd]md ` n^mdoopm` iji i`^`nn\md` \bgd jbb`ood _d ^pd g\ ?jhh$ i ô~ di^\* md^\o\ njij mdh\nod i`gg` no\iu` _`ggô=m^cdqdj) ` N\udji\gd\) g` _d ^pd ^cd\q` nd njij kjmo\o` di hpid^dk\gdo{+ ?jggô\nndno`iu\ ` k\m`m` _`g Ldoojm` Odbm =id`ggj =gjdndj ^cd\h\oj \ o\g` jbb`ooj _\gg\ ?jhhç nd ~ a\ooj g ôEiq`io\mdj ^jggô\kkm`uuj \kkmjnndh\* odqj _~ lp\_md `_ \gomd jbb`ood _d ]`gg` \mod `ndno`iod o\ioj i`gg\ ?cd`n\ lp\ioj i`g Iji\no`mj ^jh` _\gg\ ijo\ a\n`ç / iphmâ 1+ Od ~ a\ooj g ôdi* q`io\mdj ^ji g ô\kkm`uuj \kkmjnndh\odqj n`^ji_j dg k\m`m` _\oji` _\ggô=m* ^cdo`ooj Odbm Bjmodij _`bgd \mm`_d n\^md) ` hj]dgd\ _`gg\ O\^m`nod\) ` ?cd`n\ ^jh` _\gg\ ijo\ a\n`ç iph.ç 2+ L`m g\ _`n^mdudji` _`g gj^\g` `_ \kkm`uuj \kkmjnndh\odqj _`g h`_`ndhj i ô~ mdh\noj di^\md^\oj dg h`_`ndhj =m^cd* o`ooj Odbm Bjmodij+ Od ~ _dnkjnoj) ^c` dg L+ Opk`mdjm` _`g gpjbj a\^`nn` pi pbp\g` _d* nomd]pudji` _~ hj]dgd _d pnj ^jhpi` \ opood bgôdi_dqd_pd _d _`ooj Iji\* no`mj nd O\^`m_jod ^c` H\d^d+ H\ ?jhh$ c\ o`mhdi\oj g` jk`m\udjid _d lp`no\ bdjmi\o\ di _ç Iji\no`mj) = _d ./ 5]m` .5-6+ Od njij md^`qpod _\ggôAn\oojm` Odbm C\`o\ij =q\ggji` kjgduu` _d \a* adooj iph.ç n`nn\io\om`) pi adbgdj mdbp\m_\io` d ^jiod _`gg\ np\ `n\udji` adij \ opooj gd .3 O`oo`hç _`g ?jd' \iij .5-6 `_ pi Rjgph`ooj _d _j^p* h`iod _d ?\mo` n^mdoo` iphé R`iod^dilp`+ H\ ?jhh$ c\ o`mhdi\o` g` jk`m\umF _d _`oo\ bdjmi\o\+ = _d .3 5]m` .6-6+ Ei n`bpdoj _d H`oo`m\ _d O+A+ dg Odbm Eio`i_ç _`gg\ Lmjqç _d J\kjgd di _\o\ _~ 4 5]m` ^jdç \iij .5-6 ^jgg\ lp\g` nd k\mo`^dk\q\ `nn`m` no\od di^\md^\od gd Odbmd =]])F Ah\ip`g` ?\kpoj ` Hpdbd ?\q\ggj _`gg\ n^`go\ _`gg` L`mb\h`i` ` ?\mo` _dkgjh\od^c` ^c` kjo`nn`mj mdiq`idmnd i`bgd =m^cdqd _~ Iji\no`md njkkm`nnd) `_ d Odbmd =]]gd =i_m`n Cdpn`kk` =ioç Npaa\ ` @jh`id^j Njh\i`ggd _d lp`gg` _`d Hd]md) njij q`ipod \gg\ ?jhh$ d Odbme =]]à Ah\ip`g` ?\kpoj ` Hpdbd ?\q\ggj d lp\gd ^jggô\nndno`iu\ _`g Odbm @`^jmdji` H\uu\md c\iij `nom\oo` _\ggô=m^cdqdj _d _ç Iji\no`mj d Rjgphd _d L`mb\h`i`) O^mdoopm` ` L\kdmj n`bi\o` i`gg\ ijo\ a\n`ç / i.ç 3+ H\ ?jhhç c\ o`mhdi\o` g` jk`m\uid _d lp`no\ bdjmi\o\+

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= _d /5 5]m` .5-6+ @\g Odb. =]]o` Cdjq\iid =i_m`n \ ijmh\ _`ggôdi^\md^j md^`qpoji` nd njij n^`god _\ggô=m^cdqdj _`gg` m`gdlpd` _d _â Iji\no`mj gd]md iphmj ?`ioj* _d`^d ^jh` _\gg\ md^`qpo\ _`g h`_hj a\n`- / iò 4+ = _d 0. @`^`hç .5-6+ H\ ?jhhç nd ~ mdpido\ k`m `n\hdi\m` g\ _`n^mdudji` ^jggô\kkm`uuj \kkmjnndh\odqj a\ooj _\ggô=m`cdo`ooj Odbm =iojidj Bjmodij _`gg\ ?cd`n\ ` Iji\no`mj n`bi\od a\n`- / i'â 5+ Od md^`qpod _d kdá d Oo\od _`gg` m`i_do` ` k`nd _d _â Iji\no`mj ajmh\od _\g Odb. Bm\i^`n^j _ô=qdg\ a\n`- / iò 6+ H\ ?jhhç c\ o`mhdi\o` g` jk`m\uid _d lp`no\ bdjmi\o\+ =__d .- C`ii\mj .5.-+ H\ ?jhhdnndji` m\kkm`n`io\o\ _\g m`omjn^mdooj @`^pmdji` H\uu\md) _\g Odbm ?\mgj Okdi`ggd _d H\pmdij) np^^`_poj i`gg\ n`_` _d `g`ooj _`g lp\mod`m` O+ Hjm`iuj di gpjbj _`g Odb. Lmdi^dk` _d >`gq`_`m`) ` _\g Odb. ?\n`gg\) nd ~ jbbd mdpido\) k`m _\m` di ^jin`bi\ \_ pi Lmjkmd`o\mdj _`g lp\mod`m` dg gj^\g` _`gg\ ?cd`n\) ` Ijidno`mj np__pooj dind`h` ^ji bgd jbb`ood di `nnj `ndno`iod) \ ajmh\ _`ggô=mod^jgj // _`g N+ @`^m`oj _` 4 _`g k\nn\oj =bjnoj+ H\ ^jin`bi\ ~ no\o\ _\o\ \g Odb. Cdjq\iid Ojhh\ ` qd nd njij _\o` \i^c` g` ^jkd` ^jmmdnkji_`iod _`bgôEiq`io\me ` _`n^md* udji` _`d gj^\gd+ @dkkdá nd njij nk`_dod \g @dm`oojm` N`+io` _~ @`h\ie) \ o`ijm` _`g _â =mod^jgj // _`g N+ @`^m`oj) opooôd Hd]md) ` n^mdoopm` `nom\oo` _\ggô=m* ^cdqdj _`ggôdi_d^\oj Iji\no`mj) di _`gg` lp\gd nd nji ajmh\od bgd Oo\od _`g h`_`ndhj+ O` i ô~ mdn^jnn\ md^`qpo\ admh\o\ _\g _`ooj @dm`oojm` N`i+io`) ^jh` _\g a\n^d^jgj / iâ .-+ H\ ^jhhdnndji` c\ ^cdpn` ^ji ^dÖ g` jk`m\udjid _`gg\ bdjmi\o\ ` g ôdi^\md^j _`gg\ njkkm`nndji` _`g Ijidno`mj+

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+++ J`g Iji\no`mj kjd qd nd omjq\ij gd n`bp`iod lp\_md ^dj~7 i`g ijqdud\oj pi lp\_mj bm\i_` _d k\ghd 2 k`m .- m\kkm`n`io\io` J+O+ C`ná ^mj^dadnnj) \gomj ndhdg` _d O+ C\`o\ij ^jgg\ a`_`+ =gomj _`gg\ km`n`io\u+ç \g P`hkdj _`gg\ R`mbdi`+ =gomj ndhdg` %+++& _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij ^pnoj_` _`g mdodmj+ =gomj _d k\ghd 2 ` h`uuj k`m ./ m\kk+ôç dg h\modmdj _d O+ Hj* m`iuj npgg\ Cm\od^jg\+ =gomj _d k\ghd 4 ` h`uuj k`m .- ^c` m\kkm`n`io\ g\ qdndo\ _d O+ ?\mgj >jmmjh`j \ O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij+ =gomd _d k\ghd 3

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k`m ./ m\kk+^ g\ km`_d^\udji` _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij+ =gomd jooj lp\_md kd^^jgd _d k\ghd ./ ` h`uud k`m 1 ^dm^\ ^ji mdom\ood _d \g^pid k\_md _`gg\ m`gdbdji` ^ji lp\g^c` n\ioj+ J`d _p` hpmd _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`g Jjqdud\oj njiqd _p` jq\od ^ji g ô`aadb` _d O+ C\`o\ij ` O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij+ J`g qd ~ lp\_mj bm\i_` _d O+ C\`o\ij di \]doj hji\nod^j+ J`gg\ no\iu\ _`gg\ md^m`\udji` njijqd 06 lp\_md _d _dq`mn\ hdnpm\ njnk`nd i` hpmd ^c` nodh\i_jnd _d kj^\ ^jind_`m\u' iji q`ibjij %k\mod& _`n^mdood+ J`d ^jmmd_jd _`g Iji\no`mj np__`ooj nd omjq\ij njnk`nd \d hpmd .55 _d mdom\ood _d R`* n^jqd) Lm`g\od _`gg\ N`gdbdji`+ Ei h`uuj \gg\ n^\g\ kmdi^dk\g`) ` kmjkmdj i`g ]\gg\ojdj) ^c` km`^`_` dg ^jmmd_jdj _`ooj _~ ?\g\]m`nd qd no\ lp\_mj _d k\gd 3 k`m .- ^c` m\kkm`n`io\q\ pi `^^`jhj \gPdhkd`_d+ Opgg\ kjmo\ _`g ?\kdojgj qd no\ lp\_mj _d k\ghd 1 k`m 3 jq` q`_`nd `nkm`nnj g\ q`ipo\ _`ggj Okdmdoj O\ioj npbgd \kjnojgd+ J`gg\ n^\g\ _`oo\ _d O+ =g`nndj) ^c` _\ g\ ^jhpid^\udji` \g ?cdjnomj _`gg\ Ljmo`md\ qd nd q`bbji _d`^d lp\_md) g\ h\bbdjm k\mo` _d mdom\ood _d ?\m_di\gd) R`n^jqd ` o\gpid \gomd _dq`mnd+ Eiojmij \g k`mdnodgdj) j kjmod^\oj _`g ?cdjnomj np_â qd nd omjq\ij n`_d^d lp\_md bm\i_d _d k\ghd 3 k`m 5 ^c` m\kkm`n`io\ij q\md hdm\^jgd _d O+ C\`o\ij ^ji \gom`oo\iod mdom\ood _d m`gdbdjnd \g _d njkm\) `_ \gomd mdom\ood \ggôdhkd`_d _d ?\m_di\gd nd jnn`mq\ij i`d g\o`m\gd _`ggôdibm`nnj _`gg\ Ljm* o`md\ ` i`g g\oj di o`no\ _`g ?cdjnomj+ W+++Y+ Bdi\gh`io` i`g g\oj di o`no\ _`g ?cdjnomj `ndno` pi jq\oj _d h\mhj ]d\i^j ^c` ^jiod`i` pi h`uuj ]pnoj _d mdgd`qj m\kkm`n`io\io` L`aadb` _d L\k\ ?g`h`io` TE+ Ojno`ipo\ g\o`m\gh`io` _\ _p` kpood ^ji dn^mdudji` \i\gjb\ \g _d njooj+ @` gd]md kjd iji n` i` mdomjq\oj \g^pij) i`g o`hkj) j _d \gomd g\qjmd _d ]`gg` \mod) j n^d`iu\ \kk\mo`i`iod \ h`o\ggd j \gom` h\o`md` ndhdgd om\ii` gôjmjgjbdj bm\i_` ^c` no\ i`g ?cdjnomj np__`ooj ^ji np` ^\hk\i` ^c` n`bi\ij g` jm` _`g bdjmij ` d lp\mod+

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@\gg\ kjmo`md\ \ amjio` _d nom\_\ nd `iom\ di ohô\omdj ^jq`moj \ qjgo`) kjbbd\iod np lp\oomj ^jgjii` _d bm\idoj _ôjm_di` opn^\id^j \ _`nom\ _\g lp\g` nd `iom\ di pi bm\i ^\h`mji` ^jk`moj W+++Y _`nodi\oj k`m h\b\u* udij _\ mdkjmqd q\md po`indgd _`gg\ ^cd`n\) \ ndidnom\ q`_`nd pi\ ^jindhdg` kjmo\ k`m h`o{ diojhk\bi\o\) ^c` ^jmmdnkji_` i`gg\ n`^ji_\ no\iu\) _`* nodi\o\ k`m dg kjmodi\dj+ @\g _dijo\oj \omdj ^jq`moj nd ^jhpid^\ i`g ^cdjnomj _d adbpm\ lp\_mdg\o`m\ diojmij \g lp\g` qd md^jmm` oh kjmod^\oj _dk\modoj _ô\gom` _d`^djooj ^jgjii` ndhdgh`io` _d bm\idoj) ^jgg` ^jmmdnkji_`iod qjgo` _d a\]]md^\ g\nomd^\o` _d lp\_m`ggd mpnod^d njooj _d lp\gd qjgo` nd iph`m\ij n`_d^d lp\_md bm\i_d) ^c` m\kkm`n`io\ij q\md hdm\^jgd _d O+ C\`o\ij) `_ \gom`oo\iod mdom\ood _d m`gdbdjnd W+++Y+ Ei h`uuj _`g ^cdjnomj qd ~ dg kjuuj ^ji ]j^^\bgdj _d h\mhj) ` _p` ^jgjii`oo` \i^c` _d h\mhj k`m njno`bij _`gg\

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om\^^d\g\7 \gg\ ndidnom\ i`ggôpn^dm` \g kmdhj g\oj _`g kjmod^\oj np__`ooj omjq\nd g\ n^\g\ kmdi^dk\g`) _\ _`n^mdq`mnd) ` km`^`_`io` \_ `nn\ g\ m`nd* _`iu\ _`g kjmodi\dj ^c` ^jindno` di _p` no\iu`) g\ kmdh\ ^c` c\ g\ np\ \go`uu\ _dqdn\ _\ pi h`uu\ij ^c` ajmh\ pi\ no\iu\ npk`mdjm` _d \]do\* udji` _`ggj no`nnj kjmodi\dj) ^ji kjmo\ _d ^jhpid^\udji` \gg\ ^jiodbp\ bm\_\ kmdi^dk\g`7 ` g\ n`^ji_\ di n`bpdoj ^c` ^jmmdnkji_` \gg\ _d njkm\ \qq`modo\ \ ndidnom\ _`ggô\omdj _ji_` km`i_` gp^`) i`g g\oj ndidnomj _`g ijhdi\oj ^cdjnomj qd ~ \gomj h\b\uudij k`m mdkjmqd ndhdgd po`indgd _`gg\ ^cd`n\) `_ di \goj di o`no\ q`bbjind _p` kjmo` ^ji ^\i^`gg\ _d a`mmj W+++Y _ji_` nd `iom\ di _p` no\iu` ^c` mdo`ibjij _\g Ijio` _`gg` /6 a\hd* bgd` di lp`noj no`nnj g\oj _`g kjmod^\oj di o`no\ di ^jmmdnkji_`iu\ _`gg\ kjmo`md\) omjq\nd pi hjiph`ioj _d h\mhj \ h`uuj mdgd`qj ^c` m\kkm`* n`io\ g ô`aadbd` _`g k\k\ ?g`h`io` ET ^ji _p` kpoodid i`d g\o`m\gd \ _`nom\ _d `nn\ qd ~ \gomj ^\h`mdij) \i^c` k`m mdkjmqd po`indgd _`gg\ ^cd`n\) `_ \ ndidnom\ qd ~ pi\ n^\g`oo\ g\ lp\g` dhh`oo` i`gg\ ^cd`n\ i`g n`^ji_j ^cdjnomj _`ooj _`gg` hjmo`gg` _d ^pd nd _dm{+ L`m n^\g\ _d njkm\ \__do\o\ hjio\i_jnd _p` o`n` am\hh`uu\o` _\ ]\gg\ojdj) nji _p` adi`nom` ^ji ^\i^`gg\ _d a`mmj ` gjmj q`om\o`) nd hjio\ i`g kmdhj kd\ij ^c` ^jiod`i` _p` ^jmmd_jd bm\i_`) `_ pij kd^^jggj jgom` _d pi\ gjbbd\ _d ^jhpid^\udji` _`d h`_`ndhd) di pij _`d lp\gd qd ~ adi`nomji` ^ji ^\i^`gg\ _d a`mmj) ` h`uu\ q`om\o\ ^c` mda`mdn^` i`g qd^jgj _`gg\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\7 `_ diojmij \gom` g\od _`g ^cdjnomj qd njij n`_d^d no\iu` ^ji adi`nom` _d \nk`ooj i`g h`_`ndhj _`nodi\o` k`m \]do\udji` _`d g\d^d7 i`g ^jmmd_jej \ ndidnom\ nhjio\i_jnd g\ n^\g\ nd iph`m\ij ^dilp` no\iu` _d \nk`ooj i`g ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) gpjbcd ^jhpid) `o pi\ ^p^di`oo\ i`g ^jmmd_jej bm\i_` nd omjq\ g\ ^jibm`b\udji` _`g n\iodnndhj ^mj^dadnnj \__`oo\ \d ^\q\gd`md ^ji adi`nom` ^jnd i`g ^cdjnomj ^c` i`gg\ nom\_\7 i`gg\ gjbbd\ n^jq`mo\) ^c` ^jmmdnkji_` di o`no\ _`g ^cdjnomj qd njij _p` no\iu` pi\ _d `nn\ \]do\o\ _\ pi g\d^j ` i`ggô\omdj ^c` km`^`_` _`oo\ gjbbd\ qd nd omjq\ pi\ n^\g`oo\ n`^m`o\) _ôji_` nd \n^`i_` \g n`^ji_j kd\ij j nd ^\g\m \g ndoj _`g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`+ Lmjn`bp`i_jnd g\ n^\g\ kmdi^dk\g` k`m \gom` _p` o`n` nd bdpib` \g n`^ji_j kd\ij ^c` nd ^jhkji` _d _p` ^jmmd_jde pij \ _mdoo\ nhjio\i_jnd g\ n^\g\ np__`oo\) ` g ô\gomj ^c` nd pidn^` \g h`_`ndhj ^jh` nd _dm{+ P\gpi` no\iu` ^c` njij \ _`nom\ _d ajmh\ij pi njgj \kk\mo\h`ioj ^ji adi`nom` _d \nk`ooj i`g ^cdjnomj) ` kmjn`bp`i_jnd gj no`nnj g\oj omj* q\nd kmdh\ pi lp\modij ^c` nd ^jhkji` _d pi\ no\iu\) ` _p` ^\h`mdid ^ji adi`nom` \g np__`ooj ^cdjnomj _`gg\ Ljmo`md\) `_ di_d pi \omd`ooj jq` q`_`nd pi\ n^\g`oo\ mdk\m\o\ i`g npj kmdi^dkdj _\ k\m\k`ooj _d a`mmj) ^c` k`m \kkpioj ~ lp`gg\ ^c` _\ g\ ^jhpid^\udji` \ g ô\gomj ^cdjnomj _`ooj _`gg` Ijmo`gg`) _d njkm\ h`io\oj) `_ diaji_j _`ggj no`nnj ^jmmd_jdj qd c\ dg ^jm`ooj ^c` ^jmmdnkji_` \gg\ ?cd`n\+ J`g g\oj k\m\gg`gj \g _`n^mdooj qd njij n`d no\iu` ` lp`gg\ _`d gpjbcd

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K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

^jhpid) ^c` c\iij g ô\nk`ooj i`g ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) ` ^jiodip\i_j gj no`nnj g\oj) nd omjq\ij \gom` _p` no\iu`) ^ji kjmo` ^d\n^pi\ _`gg` lp\gd njmo` di pi\ gjbbd\) _ji_` kdbgd\i gph`) q`mnj dg ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) ` lp\nd di adi\ qd ~ ]\g^ji` ^ji k`oojm\o\ _d a`mmj ^c` mda`mdn^` i`g ^cdjnomj np__`ooj _\g _`n^mdooj ^jmmd_jdj nd k\nn\ di pi \gomj ^c` di \kkm`nnj nd _`n^mdq`m{+ Lmjn`bp`i_jnd g\ n^\g\ kmdi^dk\g` ^jg ^\hhdij _d \gom` _p` o`n` nd hjio\ \g o`muj kd\ij ^c` ^jindno` di pi njg ^jmmd_jdj _`ooj _`ggj nop* _`i_\_j) i`g ^pd g\oj ndidnomj nd iph`m\ij ^dilp` no\iu`) jgom` _d lp`gg\ _`nodi\o\ k`m d gpjbcd ^jhpid) ^ji gjmj adi`nom`) ` q`om\o` ^c` mda`* mdn^jij i`g ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) ` i`g g\oj \ _`nom\ i` njij \gom` n`d ^ji q`om\o` _d \nk`ooj i`g ^cdjnomj _`gg\ kjmo`md\ di adi` _`gg\ ijo\o\ n^\g\ _ôji_` nd hjio\ di lp`noj o`muj kd\ij) n` i` _dm\h\ pi\ kjm* udji` g\ lp\g` ^ji_p^` \gg\ ?jibm`b\udji` _`gg\ ?jhpido{ _`bgd Km`ad^d ^c` njqm\no\ lp`gg\ _`n^mdoo\ _d njkm\ _` ?\q\gd`md) ^c` c\ ndhdgd adi`nom` i`gg\ kp]]gd^\ nom\_\) ` i`g ^cdjnomj _`gg\ kjmo`md\+ ?\g\i_j _d ipjqj i`g n`^ji_j kd\ij k`m lp`g ^jmmd_jdj _d njkm\ \__do\oj i`g g\oj ndidnomj) nd ^jhpid^\ di om` \gomd ^jiodip\od am\ _d gjmj) ^jmmdnkji_`iod \g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) dg kmdhj _d `nnd ^ji lp\oomj adi`nom` q`mnj g\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n` ` ^ji n`d no\iu` `_ pi lp\modij _d om` no\iu` _d mdhk`ooj ^c` mda`mdn^jij i`g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) am\ h`uuj _d lp`noj ^jmmd_jdj qd no\ pi\ n^\g`oo\ k`m g\ lp\g` nd ^\g\ i`g q`nod\mdj) ^c` nd ^jhkji` _d _p` no\iu` ^ji adi`nom` ^c` ^jmmdnkji_jij i`g ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n` di lp`noj no`nnj ^jmmd_jdj qd nd omjq\ pi\ no\iu\ bm\i_` _`oo\ b\g`md\ ^ji adi`nom` _d \nk`ooj i`ggj no`nnj ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`+ Ei ^jiodip\udji` _d lp`noj ^jmmd_jdj) nd k\nn\ i`g n`^ji_j ]m\^^dj _`g h`_`ndhj) ^c` km`i_` gph` _\ ^dilp` adi`nom`) \ ndidnom\ qd no\ pi lp\modij _d _p` no\iu` `_ \ _`nom\ n`d no\iu`) ^d\n^pi\ ^ji gjbbd`oo\) ` _dm`ooj di a\^^d\ \ h`uujbdjmij) ^c` ^jmmdnkji_jij i`g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`7 i`g lp\g` ^jmmd_jdj qd njij \ ndidnom\ lp\oomj no\iu` _d \]d* o\udji`) ` lp`gg\ _` gpjbcd ^jhpid) ^ji gjmj adi`nom` _d \nk`ooj di o\gpi` qd`gg`) `_ \ _`nom\ njijqd om` \gom` no\iu` ^d\n^pi\ ^ji gjbbd`oo\ ^c` mda`mdn^jij i`ggj no`nnj ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg` di a\^^d\ \ kji`io`7 i`g aji_j _`g _`n^mdooj ^jmmd_jej nôdi^jiom\ piô\omd`ooj ^jq`moj \ qjgo\ ^dm^jg\m` i`g lp\g` nd omjq\ g ô\m^cdqdj) ` g\ gd]m`md\) ^ji njg` hpm\) ^ji* ndno` lp`no\ di pi bm\i q\nj ^c` km`i_` gph` _\ ijq` adi`nom`) ^dilp` _\ pi g\oj ` ijq` _\ggô\gomj) ^ji gjmj q`om\o`) `_ pi bm\i_` adi`nomji` i`g amjio` di a\^^d\ \ h`uujbdjmij) \i^c` ^ji np\ q`om\o\7 i`g njkm\ ijhdi\oj \omd`ooj qd ^jmmdnkji_` \i^c` pij _`d adi`nomjid) ^c` njij i`gg\ O\bm`nod\+ @\ggô\__do\o\ n^\g\ nd \n^`i_` \g ijqdud\oj) ^c` ^jindno` di pi njgj ^jmmd_jej ^ji _p` adi`nomjid ^ji q`om\o`) pij _d `nnj ^jmmdnkji_` i`g

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ndoj _`g bd\m_dij) ` g$\gomj di pi\ gjbbd`oo\7 hjio\i_jnd g\ %+++& n^\g\) i`gg\ k\mo` ndidnom\ _d _`ooj ^jmmd_jej) nd omjq\ pi bm\i ^\h`mji`) n^jh* k\modoj i`d npjd g\od \ _`nom\) ` \ ndidnom\ ^ji _d`^d \m^cdqjgod) kmdh\ _`nodi\od k`m a\mqd _jmhdm` bgd \gpiid) ^c` km`i_` gph` _\ lp\oomj adi`* nom` ^ji q`om\o`) _p` _d `nn` q`mnj dg bd\m_dij) ` _p` \gom` q`mnj g\ nom\_\ _`oo\ _d ?dilp`n\iod7 pn^`i_jnd _\ lp`noj ^\h`mji`) nd di^jiom\ _d mdhk`ooj pi\ no\iu\ gpib\) ^ji _p` ^\h`mdid ^ji ]\g^ji` di o`no\) ^ji np\ q`om\o\) ^c` kjmo\ di pi\ gjbbd\ q`mnj dg ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`7 i`gg\ k\mo` _`nom\ _`ggj no`nnj ^jmmd_jej hjio\i_jnd _`gg\ np__`oo\ n^\g\ ^d nd omjq\ i`g g\oj _`nomj ^dilp` no\iu` ^ji adi`nom`) ` q`om\o` di a\^^d\ \ kji`io` q`mnj dg ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) `_ di n`bpdoj nd omjq\ di adi` pi\ n^\g`oo\ n`^m`o\ _d ji_` nd ^\g\ i`gg\ O\bm`nod\) `_ \ ad\i^j pi\ ^\kk`gg\+ L`m g$\gom\ n^\g\ kmdi^dk\g` nd n^`i_` i`g kjmod^\oj di a\^^d\ \ h`uujbdjmij _`g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) hjio\i_jnd g\ kmdh\ o`n\ nd bdpib` di pi ]\gg\ojdj ^ji kjmo\ \ ]\g^ji` ^c` dhh`oo` kmdh\ di pi \omdj n^jq`moj `_ di_d i`g bd\m_dij \ _`nom\ _d _`ooj ]\gg\ojdj kmjn`bp` g\ no`nn\ n^\g\ `_ \ ndidnom\ nd k\nn\ di pi ^jmmd_jdj jq` omj* q\nd \ ndidnom\ n`d no\iu` ^ji adi`nom` q`mnj _`ooj ^cdjomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) `_ \ _`nom\ n`d adi`nomjid ^ji q`om\o` ^c` ^jmmdnkji_jij i`g bd\m_dij) `_ di n`bpdoj nd di^jiom\ pi\ n^\g\ bm\i_` ^ji _p` ]\g^jid di kd\ij q`mnj gj no`nnj bd\m_dij) ` i`g aji_j _d _`ooj ^jmmd_jej qd c\ pi\ n^\g`oo\ k`m g\ lp\g` nd ^\g\ \g m`a`oojmdj `_ \gg\ ^p^di\+ J`g kmjn`bpdmnd g\ no`nn\ n^\g\ nd _dm\h\ pi ]\gg\ojdj _\g lp\g` nd ^jhpid^\ di pi \gomj ^jm* md_jej ojo\gh`io` jn^pmj h\ ^c` md^`q` pi gph` n`^ji_\mdj _\g adi`* nomji` _`gg\ no`nn\ n^\g\ ^c` bgd no\ \ggôdi^jiomj7 di o\g ^jmmd_jej lp\oomj no\iu` \]do\]dgd i`g g\oj \ _`nom\ ^ji gjmj adi`nom`) ` q`om\o` q`mnj dg ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg` ` om` \gom` i`g g\oj jkkjnoj) dio`m\h`io` jn^pm` `_ d gpjbcd ^jhpid7 di aji_j ` r d n^\g`oo\ _d ^jhpid^\udji` \g ^jm* md_jej _`ooj _`g q`nod\mdj _d njkm\ ijhdi\oj) `_ \g kd\ij npk`mdjm`) ` k`m \gom\ n^\g`oo\ nd ^\g\ \g m`a`oojmdj `_ \gg\ ^p^di\) `_ di ^jin`bp`iu\ \g kd\ij _`g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`+ J`g g\oj _d lp`noj di a\^^d\ \ g`q\io` k`m pi\ kjmo\ dqd m`nd* no`io` nd k\nn\ di pi \omdj) jnnd\ \io`m`a`oojmdj) jq` omjq\nd \ _`nom\ dg g\q\h\ij _d h\mhj ^ji lp\oomj ^cd\qd _d jooji` i`gg\ np\ nk\ggd`m\) `_ \gg\ ndidnom\ k`m kjmo\ _d ij^` \ _p` k`uud ^ji kjhd _d jooji` nd `iom\ di pi \hkdj m`a`oojmdj ^c` km`i_` gp^` _\ _d`^d adi`nom` ^ji gjmj q`om\o` ^dilp` _d `nn` ^jmmdnkji_`iod \g ^cdjnomj _`gg` hjmo`gg`) ` ^dilp` \gom` i`g ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) `_ \ggôdiojmij njijqd g` h`in` ^ji gjmj n`_dgd) ` nk\ggd`m` _d ij^`) `_ \i^c` dg kpgkdoj _d ndhdg` g`bij7 i`g hpmj _d amjio` nd q`_` pi lp\_mj bm\i_` ^c` m\kkm`n`io\ g\ hjgodkgd* ^\udji` _`d k\id ` _`d k`n^d _d ijnomj Odbijm` k`m _dnomd]pdmgd \gg\ %+++& ` npgg\ kjmo\ _`ggôdibm`nnj \gomj lp\_mj) h\ kdá kd^^jgj m\kkm`n`io\io` ?\mgj >jmmjh`j+ Ei o`no\ _`g _`n^mdooj \omdj) j \io`m`a`oojmdj) nd k\nn\

./-

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

i`ggô\iod^p^di\ ^c` km`i_` gph` _\ adi`nom` q`mnj dg ndoj _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\m* m`n`7 \gom\ kjmo\ \ _`nom\) ^c` diomj_p^` i`gg\ _dnk`in\) `_ di o`no\ nd k\nn\ i`gg\ ^p^di\ ^c` nd ^jhkji` _d _p` ^jhkm`nd ^jq`mod \ om\qd jq` njij opood d ^jhj_d \gg\ h`_`ndh\ i`^`nn\mde) ` ^c` km`i_` gph` _\ _p` adi`nomdi`+ Ndojmi\i_j i`g ^cdjnomj np__`ooj k`m g\ kjmo\ ^c` nd q`_` di pi \ibjgj _`g h`_`ndhj nd `iom\ di pi \omdj) i`g ^pd g\oj di o`no\ qd no\ pi\ n^\g`oo\ n`^m`o\ ^c` _\ g\ ^jhpid^\udji` _d njkm\ _`n^mdoo\) \ ndidnom\ k`m \gom\ kjmo\ nd k\nn\ i`g ^\kdojgj) diojmij \g lp\g` njij d n`_dgd ^ji gjmj nk\ggd`m` _d kdjkkj _dkdioj+ =g njkm\n^mdooj gj^\g` ^d njij \hh`nn` opoo` lp`gg` \gom` jaad^di`) ^jd mdnk`oodqd ^jhj_d) ^c` njij i`g ^jmodg` _`gg\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) ^dj~ ajmij) hjgdij) no\gg`) ^\iodi\ `_ \gomd ndhdgd k`m pnj ` n`mqdudj _`ggj no`nnj ?jgg`bdj ` ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj+

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H\ ijnom\ a`_`gdnndh\ ?doo{ _d J\kjgd n`hkm` _`_do\ \g ?pgoj _d* qdij `nn`i_jnd diajmh\o\ _`gg\ ipjq\ m`gdbdji` _`d ?g`md^d N`bjg\md) ^c` dg ijnomj N`q+hj L+@+ Cdj7 Ld`omj ?\m\a\ P`\odij R`n^jqj _d ?cd`od \i_\q\ n`hdi\i_j qdq`i_j ^ji bm\i_dnndhj \m_jm` _d O\iodo{) ` ^ji hjgoj ampooj) `o podg` _`g kmjnndhj) kmdh`m\h`io` n`hdi\o\ i`ggô\gh\ ?doo{ _d Njh\) ` kjd \i^j k\nn\o\ i`gg\ N`kp]]gd^\ _d R`i`ud\) ji_` qjg`i_j \i^cô`nn\ md^`q`m` lp\g^c` %+++& _d o\g` N`gdbdji`+ J `ggô\iij .20/ njooj g\ _\o\ _`ggd 1 _d jooj]m`) ` k`m `nn\ gd npjd Odb+md `g`ood n^mdnn`mj pi\ g`oo`m\ \nn\d \aa`oopjn\ \g _`ooj N`q+hj @+ Cdj7 Ld`omj C`i`m\g` _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji`) _jq` `nkji`q\ij ^jnÅ dg bm\i_dn* ndhj _`nd_`mdj _d _`oo\ ^doo{) ^jhô\i^j _`ggôA^^+hj Odb+ ?jio` _d Kk* kd_j) dg lp\g` hjnnj _\ a`mq`io` _`qjudji`) ` u`gj _d _`oo\ O\^m\ N`gd* bdji`) c\q`\ \^^jhj_\oj di _`oo\ ^doo{ _d J\kjgd pi gpjbj) n`p ^\n\ _jq` _`oo\ O\io\ N`gdbdji` kjo`q\ ^ji k`ma`ooj nop_dj `n`m^do\m` dg _dqdij ^pgoj) `o ^ji lp`gg\ km`b\mjij _`ooj N`_+hj L+@+ Cdj7 Ld`omj ^c` nd apnn` ^jhkd\^dpoj _d nj__dna\m` _`oo\ _`qjodji`+ Mp\g` N`_+hj C`i`m\g` `nn`i_j m`odi`io` _d h\i_\m` \ md^`q`m` _`ooj gpjbj) n`p ?\n` di J\kjgd _`gg\ h`_`h\ ?doo{ i` ap npkkgd^\o\ g\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ ?g`h`io` REE ^c` ^ô~ g ôc\q`nn` jm_di\oj) _\gg\ lp\g` O+ O\iodo{ ap ^ji ]m`q` \kjnojgd^j7 np] \ipgj Ldn^\ojmdn njooj g\ _\o\

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_`g .. B`]]m\dj .200 jm_di\oj \g _`ooj N`_+hj C`i`m\g`) ^c` nd apnn` ^jhkd\^dpoj `od\h _d n`hdi\m` di J\kjgd _`gg\ np\ O\io\ N`gdbdjndo{) _\ ^cd o\ioô`m\ _`nd_`m\o\+ Ki_` dg _`ooj N`q+hj L\_m` @+ Cdj7 Ld`omj iji qjg`i_j `nn`m _pmj \gg` km`bcd`m` nd _d _`oo\ ^doo{ ^jhô\i^jm \gdd ^jh\i_\h +od joo`ipod _\ _`oo\ O\iodo{ _d ?g`h`io` REE) `nn`i_j mdnjgpoj h\i_\m` L\_md _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji` di _`oo\ ^doo{ \^^dÖ lp`ggd nd apnn`mj `n`m^do\od i`g ^pgoj _dqdij n`^ji_j dg gjmj njgdoj i`g gpjbj n`p ^\n` _d O\io\ I\md\ _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\) ^c` k`m _`oo\ ^doo{ g ô`m\ no\oj jaa`moj+ L`m dg ^c` bdjiod lpd \ J\kjgd dg L+@+ C\`o\ij %\g k+io` O+ C\`o\ij& ^ji \gomd O\iod L\_md _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji`) ` q`_`i_j _d iji `nn`m` _`ooj gpjbj \ gjmj `nk`_d`io`) h\ qjg`i_j ajmh\m` pi\ gjmj ?cd`n\ \_ cjijm` _d O+@+I+7 ` _`gg\ >+ R`mbdi`) I\md\ _`gg\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) _jq` di^jhdi^d\mjij \_ c\]do\m` `_ `nn`i_jnd ^ji gd gjmj cjijm`qjgd ^jnophd h\bbdjmh`io` \^^m`n^dpo\ g\ _`qjudji` _`g Ljkjgj J\kjgdo\ij k`m gj ^c` k`mq`ii`mj di gjmj kjo`m` _dq`mn` `g`hjndi` _\ k\mod^jg\md) ` km`^dkp~ _\gg\ Odb+m\ @+ I\md\ Hjib\ Cjq`h\omd^` _`g R`i`g` Djnk}_\g` _`ggôEi* ^jm\]dgd _d _`oo\ ?doo{ ^ji ^c` _d lp`ggd _`ood L\_md i` c\q`nn`mj c\q`md \ ^jhkm\m` no\]dg` qd^dij _`ggôDjnk`_\g` k`m gjmj c\]do\odji`) ` ^jnomp* odji` _d pi\ gjmj ?jibm+i` n`p Iji\n+mj+ Ki_` `nn`i_j njgdoj _d _`ood L\_md i`gg` ^jhkm` _d no\]dgd) j ndoj k`m `_dad^\odji` _d Hpjbcd _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji`) lp`ggd ^jhk\mnd _\ gjmj \hjm`qjgd8 n`p _`qjod \i^jm^c} k`m _`ood L+L+ nd apnn` k\b\oj dg _`i\mj) ^c` _ô\gom` k`mnji` k`m `g`hjndi` gd k`mq`idq\8 ^jiajmh` a`hj g\ kmdh\ qjgo\ lp\i_j di Njh\ ^jhkm\mij pi gj^c`ooj _`g Ijio` Ldi^dj) lp\g` nd ^jhkmÖ _\ggd =go+hj R`n^jqj _d R`mji\) ` ^jnÅ \i^j ^jnompdmjij di R`i`od\) ` _\ggj dno`nnj hj_j \i^j qjg`i_j ^jnoph\m` di J\kjgd) _jq` _`ood LL+ c\q`i_j `g`ooj k`m gjmj ^jhkm\ojm` dg Odb+ Ld`omj I\mpaaj k`m dg lp\g` ^ji \aa`ooj i`ggô\iij .201 apmij ^jhkm\o` _\g Odb+m` Jd^jg\) `o \gomd _`gg\ ^doo{ \g^pi` ^\n` bm\i_d ndo` i`gg\ nom\_\ _`oo\ g\ Ld\uu\ _`gg\ %+++& di _`oo\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) ` kmjkmd` cjbbd no\ dg Iji\n+mj _`gg` Knn`mq\iodnndh` Iji\^c` _d O\io\ I\md\ _d Dd`mp* n\g`h njooj dg Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ L\omdod\ qd^dij dg np__`ooj Djnko` _`bgd Ei^jm\]dgd) dpno\ gd ]`id _d Jd^jg\ O^\m\ij) qd\ kp]]gd^\) `o \gomd ^jiadid8 Bm\i^c` _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nj `^^`ooj _\ggôdiam\n^mdood ^`ind+ Ei Lmdhdn EE di ^`inj `hkc`jod^j) k`mk`opj _`]doj \ .2 =bjnoj \g _`ooj Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ L\omdod\ h`_d\iodij kp]]gd^c` ?\po`g`8 Eo`h \g Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ I\md\ _`ggd R`mbdid apjmd g\ Ljmo\ _d O+ C`ii\mj \gomd 0+. `od\h ^`inj `hkc`jod^j k`mk`opj _`]doj \ .2 =bjnoj8 h`_d\i* odij kp]]gd^c` ?\po`g` \ lp`noj k`m dg km`uuj _d _p^\od .5-- _d _`i\mj k`mq`ipoj \ _`ood LL+ `g`hjndi\od nd _\gg\ _`oo\ @+ I\md\ Hjib\) lp\ioj _ô\gom` k`mnji`) ^ji k\ooj k`mÖ) ^c` iji qjg`i_j _`ood LL+ di _`ooj gpjbj c\]do\m`) k`m lp\gndqjbgd\ ^\pn\ %lpj_ \]ndo&) _`ooj gpjbj) n`p ^\n`+

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ajnn` k`mq`ipoj \g _`ooj Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ I\md\ _` Dd`mpn\g`h) lp\g` `od\h ijq\h`io` nd no\q\ ^jnodop`i_j qd^dij _`oo` ?\n`) ^ji k`nj \io`* _`ooj Iji\n+mj _`gg\ ^`g`]m\odji` _d _p` h`nn` dg h`n` k`m g ô\idh\ _d lp`ggd) ^c` `m\ij k\mo`^dkd i`gg\ ^jhkm\ _`gg` np__`oo` ^\n`) `o diadi` _ôjbid \iij dh\ I`nn\ ?\io\o\) =o jaad^dj _d hjmod `od\h k`m g ô\idh` gjmj) `o di h\i^\iu\ _d _`ooj Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ I\md\ _` Dd`mpn\g`h) lp`gg` ajnn`mj k`mq`ipo` \g _`ooj Djnko` _`ggd Ei^jm\]dgd ^ji k`nj _`gg\ ^`g`]m\odji` _d pi\ I`nn\ ^\io\o\ i`g _d _d opood gd O\iod _ ôjbiô\iij) `o \i^j _d q`nodm` om`_d^d kjq`md) _d _`ooôKnko` _d q`no` ipjq` \ gjmj _`^`io` ^jh` dinomjh`ioj _d _`oo` ^jhkm\) k`m h\ij _d i+ C`mjidhj Npnnjdi _`ooj \iij .201+ A kjd k`m _`ooj Ld`omj lp`gg` ^\_p`) ` m`ipi^Ä\o` \ _`ood L\_md _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji` _` ?g`md^d N`b+ ^ji gd h`_`hd k\ood) W+++Y) no\io` ^c` `m\ g ôdio`iodji` _d _`ood _`qjod) _\ lp\gd `m\ k`mq`ipoj _`ooj _`i\mj) ^jh` k`m \gomj dnomjh`ioj mjb\oj k`m h\ij _d i+ Cdj7 @jh`id^j _` H`b\ \ /- gpbgdj .202+ J`g lp\g` gpjbj `nn`i_jqd k`m _`ood k\_md c\]do\o\oj k`m kj^j o`h* kj) ` iji k\m`i_j `nn`m` lp`ggj \ gjmj kmjkjndoj) h\ ]\q`i_j `nnd L\_md bm\i_dnndhj _`nd_`mdj _d c\q`m` di gjmj kjo`m` g\ ?cd`n\ _d O\i L\jgj di _`oo\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) lp\g` `m\ pi\ _`gg` n`oo` ^cd`n` \iod^c` _d _`oo\ ?doo{) `o `m\ =]]\od\ n`^jg\m` bjq`mi\o\ _\ h\`nomd\ n`^jg\m`) `o \i^j `m\ Lm`]`i_\ _\ N`q+ _d ?\ijid^d _`gg\ I`omjkjgdo\i\ ?cd`n\ _d J\kjgd+ Mp\g` jgdh i`ggô\iij 465 ap `_dad^\o\ _\ ?doo\_did J\kjgdo\id di cjijm` _d _`ooj \kjnojgj di h`hjmd\ _d _p` a\ood _ô\mhd) ^ji gd lp\gd gd J\kjgdo\id m`nojmij qdoojmdjnd ^jiomj gd O\m\^`id) g ôpij dg bdjmij _`gg\ ?jhh`hjm\udji` _d `nnj O+ =kjnojgj \ 0- Cdpbij) ` gô\gomj i`gg\ ^jiq`mndji` _`ggôdno`nnj \ /2 C`ii\md) ` ap `_dad^\o\ di _`ooj gpjbj _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ _jqô`m\ dg L\g\uuj _`ggôEhk`m\ojm`) h\ \iod^\h`io` \g o`hkj _` C`iodgd `m\ no\oj o`hkdj _d ?\nojm`) ` Ljggp^`) lp\g` ?cd`n\ ap `_dad^\o\ ^ji g ô\g` ` ^ji _d`^`jooj ^jgjii` _d bm\idoj) `o _p` ?jgjii` _d h\mhj k\m_dbgdj di lp`gg\ ajmh\) ^c` no\q\ij g ô\gom` ?cd`n` \iod^c`) ^jh` O\io\ I\md\ _`g Lmdi^dkdj) O+ Cdjmbdj I\bbdjm`) O+ Cdjq\iid I\b* bdjm`) `o \gom`+ Ki_` qjg`i_j _`ood L\_md `aa`oop\m` _`oo\ gjmj dio`iodji` _ôjoo`* i`m` _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) i`ggô\iij .205 i` k\nnjhj k\mjg\ ^ji gd Odb+md `g`ood _d _`oo\ B`_`gdnndh\ ?doo{) ` k`m^c} `m\ o\io\ gô\ind`o{ _d _`oo\ ?doo{ _d _\m` %+++& `o \^^jin`iodm` \_ jbid qjgjio{ _d _`ood LL+) \^^dÖ c\q`nn`mj kjnnpoj ^ji g\ gjmj dio`bm\ ]jio{ `_dad^\m`) ` ^jgodq\m` dg Ljkjgj J\kjgdo\ij _jq` _`ood Odb+md `g`ood) pidod ^ji .ô`^^+hj Odb+m` @+ Ld`omj _` Pjg`_j) \ggjm\ Rd^`m} di lp`noj N`bij diqdjhj pi cpjhj \ kjno\ ^cd\* h\oj Cdj7 >\oodno\ L`m`n R\k+hj \ggôAhdi+hj Odb+ ?jio` ?\mm\a\ %po npkm\ _`ooj L+@+ Cdj7 Ld`omj ?\mm\a\& Bji_\ojm` _d _`oo\ m`gdbdji` _d ?g`md^d N`b+md ` km`b\i_jgj ^j g`oo`m\ ^jnd _d _`ooj `^^+hj qd^`m} njooj g\ _\o\ _`ggd /5 B`]]m\dj .205 ^jhhô\i`j _d _`ood Odb+md Ag`ood njooj g\

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_\o\ _`g 0 I\muj n`bp`io`8 lp\g` Ah+hj Odb+m` ?\mgj nd apnn` \_jkm\oj ^ji g ô`hdi+hj Odb+m` ?\mgj Rdi^`iuj ?\mm\a\ =m^dq`n^jqj _d J\kjgd) \^^dÖ _`ood LL+ c\q`nn`mj joo`ipoj _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ^c` _\ gjmj nd _`nd_`m\q\+ A kmdh\ _d ^dÖ ^ji jm_di` _`g _`ooj `^^+hj Odb+m` Rd^`m} njooj gd /3 B`]m\mj .205 _dm`ooj \ggd I\nomd) `o Cjq`mi\ojmd _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) _jq` nd ^jh\i_j ^c` nd apnn` _\o\ \ggd =oo+hj Odb+ ?jio` _d O+ R\g`iodij Cd\^jhj I\md\ _`gg\ Pjga\ _`qjoj _d _`ood L\_md dg kjnn`nnj _`gg\ gjmj `n\pmdo\ _` OO+ Ld`omj) ` L\jgj) ^c` nô`n`m^do\q\ _`iomj _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) no\io` ^c` `m\ no\oj kmjh`nnj \ _`ooj A^^+hj Odb+m` Rd^`m} g\ ^`nndji` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _\ggô\]\o` _d `nn\) _\ lp\gd Cjq`m+md ap kmjio\h`io` _\oj dg gjmj kjnn`nnj) ^jh` k`m dinomj k`m h\ij _d ijo\mj Cdj7 >\oodno\ _`g R\g` \ _`ooj _d /3 B`]m+j .205+ A njooj dg kmdhj I\muj _d _`ooj \iij dg N+@+ O^dkdji` P`mm\^di\ \ggjm\ =]]\o` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj ^ji jm_di` _d _`ooj A^^+hj Odb+m` @+ Ld`omj _` Pjg`_j) `o \ md^cd`no\ _d _`ood Odb+md Ag`ood ^`_`) _jij ` m`ipi^dÑ) \ _`ood L\_md _d _`oo\ N`gdbdji` _` ?g+^d N`bjg\md g\ np__`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj n`p np\ =]]\od\ po npkm\) dh\ ^ji dg npj gpjbj) ` o`mmdojmdj dqd `ndno`io`) ^ji ^c` c\q`nn`mj kjnnpoj _`ood LL+ dqd) \ gjmj gd]`m\ qjgjio{ c\]do\m`) _dhjm\m`) ` a\m^d lp\gndqjbgd\ `_dad^dj k`m gjmj pnj) `o c\]do\odji`) \^^dÖ ^jnd _d bdjmij) ^jh` _d ijoo` c\q`nn`mj _\oj dg _`]doj ^pgoj \ Jjnomj Odb+m`) ` np\ I\_m` OO+h\) n`^ji_j dg njgdoj _d _`oo\ ?jibm`b+i` _` ?g+^d N`b+md) `o \^^dÖ ^c` ^ji gd gjmj joodhd ^jnophd) _joomdi\ `o dio`bmdo{ _d qdo\ apnn` kdá \]ji_\oj dg ^pgoj _dqdij di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ %lp\g` k`m g\ omjkkj o`ip`uu\ _ô`iom\o`) ` ]`id q`idq\ di^jgodq\o\ _\g ^pgoj _dqdij) n`^ji_j dg njgdoj _`ggô\gom` ?cd`n` `o \i^j \ gj_` _`g _`ooj Cgjmdjnj =kjnojgj) lpd q\n `g`^odjidn `sdnodo) ^jh` _\Qôdinomj _d _`oo\ ^`nndji` k`m h\ij _d i+ Cdj7 =iojidj =ibmdn\ij \ kmdhj I\muj .205+ L`mgj^^c} nd a} dg ^\nj) ^c` _`ood L\_md nd k\modhj _\gg` _`oo` ^\n` po npkm\ ^jhkm\o` k`m Ld`omj I\mpaaj k`m _+ .5-- `o \i_jmij di ]`i`* ad^dj _`g np__`ooj Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ I\md\ _` Dd`mpn\g`h) _jq` nd aji_Ö dg Iji\n+mj np__`ooj) no\io` ^jnd `m\ g\ qjgjio{ _`d _`qjod ^c` k\mo`^d* kjmij \gg\ ^jhkm\ _d `nn`+ Ki_` \ .0 _d =kmdg` _`g _`ooj \iij .205 _`ooj Ahdi+hj Odb+ ?\mg` Rdi^`iuj ?\mm\a\ =m^dq`n^jqj _d J\kjgd _jiÖ dg npj \nn`inj \gg\ np__`oo\ ^`nndji`) `o _d ipjqj lp\ioph jkpn `mdo ^ji* ^`_` g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ \ _`ood NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`b+md ^ji ndo\ ]jgg\ nk`_do\ _\ Njh\ i`g _`ooj _d .0 =kmdg` .205+ I\ n`bp`i_jnd kjd dg kjnn`nnj _`gg\ ?cd`n\ np__`oo\ k`m _`ood NN+ LL+ ?g`md^d N`b+md `nnd L\_md n` i` mdomjq\q\ij h\g ^jio`iod _d no\m di _`ooj gpjbj k`m gd hjgod diomdbcd) ` om\q\bgd) ^c` bdjmi\gh`io` i\n^`* q\ij k`m iji `nn`m` \i^jm\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ gd]`m\ _\ O`^jg\md) ^ji ^dÖ k`mq`ipoj \ggôjm`^cd` _`g _`ooj A^^+hj @+ Ld`omj _` Pjg`_j Rd^`m} ^c` \ggjm\ _dhjm\q\ i`gg\ P`mm\ _d Ojhh\) lp\g` ^ji g` np` \aa`udji\odnndh`

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g`oo`m` n^mdnn` njooj g\ _\o\ _`ggd /1 =kmdg` .205 km`bÖ _`ood L\_md) ^c` iji nd apnn`mj k\modod) kmjh`oo`i_jgd) `o \^^`mo\i_jgd gpd) ^c` qjg`q\ di jbid hj_j \^^jhj_\mgd8 ijq\h`io` ^ji \gom` np` njooj gd 6 I\bbdj n`bp`io` gd m`kgd^Ö g ôdno`nnj+ Ki_` \ // _`g _`ooj I`n` _d I\bbdj _`g _`ooj \iij .205 dg N+@+ O\]\odij =ibmdn\ij L\mmj^j _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj ^ji npj %+++& q\gdopmj ^jh` kp]gd^j dinomjh+oj _jiÖ ` km`noÖ dg npj \nn`inj) ` ^ji* n`inj _`gg\ np__`oo\ m`ipi^d\ _`gg\ _`oo\ ^cd`n\ a\oo\ po k`m _`ooj N+ =]\o` P`mm\^di\ \ _`ood L\_md) _d ipjqj nd ^jin`io\) ^c` _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj nd ^ji^`_`nn` ` apnn` _d _`ood L\_md ?g+^d N`b+md) ` lp`gg\ _`ood L\_md c\q`nn`mj kjnnpo\ gd]`m\h`io` o`i`m`) kjnn`_`m`) `o di `nn\ _dhjm\m` \_ jbid gjmj gd]`m\ qjgjio{ n`uô`nn`m o`ipod { ^jnô\g^pi\) ^`_`i* _jgd opoo` g` np` m\bbdjid) `o \oodjid) ^c` di `nn\ c\q`\ `nnj L+ O\]\odij) ^jh` _\g _`ooj %+++& admh\oj _d np\ kmjkmd\ h\ij \ // I\bbdj .205) \hkd\h`io` nd i\mm\+ J`ggô\iij kjd .206 `nn`i_j j^^jmnj) ^c` pi kmdbdji` n\gq\ojnd di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ^c` nd kjnn`_`q\ k`m _`ood L\_md) ap `nom\ooj _\ lp`gg\ ^ji p_d`iu\ _\gg\ ?jmo` n`^jg\m`) k`m dg ^c` _`ood L\_md n`mmjhj g\ ?cd`n\ np__`oo\) ` lp`gg\ o`i`q\ij ^jhôdio`m_`oo\) lp\g` iji kj^j m`^Ö hjmodad^\odji` \g Ljkjgj J\kjgdo\ij) _\ lp\g` kjkjgj `nn`i_jnd cphdg* h`io` npkkgd^\oj g\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ L\k\ L\jgj EEE _\g lp\g` ^ji npj ]m`q` hjgoj %+++& _d o\g` dinjg`iu\ a\oo\ di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) nd ^jh\i_Ö \d _`ood LL+ ^c` _d ipjqj c\q`nn`mj \k`mo\ _`oo\ gjmj ?cd`n\) ` n`bpdoj di `nn\ gd _dqdid jaad^d) dpno\ dg njgdoj _d `nnd L\_md) ^jh` i`g _`ooj npj ]m`q` nk`_doj \ 1 =kmdg` .206+ A no\iod`mj g` ^jn` np__`oo` lpd`o` ^ji hjgoj `_dad^\odji` _d _`ooj kjkjgj J\kjgdo\ij n`bp`i_jnd gd _dqdid jaad^de di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ k`m _`ood NN+ LL+) k`m gd lp\gd nôdi^jhdi^d\mjij \ ^jhkm\m` ^\n`) ` no\]dgd qd^dij \gg\ ?cd`n\ np__`oo\ \^^dÖ c\q`nn`mj kjnnpoj di lp`gg\ kdá ^jhj_\h`io` `n`m^do\m` dg ?pgoj @dqdij ^jh` _dnodio\h`io` diam\ nd _dm{+ Ki_` i`ggô\iij .212 HôAhdi+hj Odb+ ?\m_di\g` N\ip^^dj B\mi`n` =m^dq`n^jqj _d J\kjgd) lp\g` np^^`_` \ggô\io`_`ooj ?\mgj Rdi^`iuj ?\m* m\a\ =m^dq`n^jqj _d h`_`ndh\ ^doo{) ^ji npj ]m`q` nk`_doj njooj gd /0 Jj* q`h]m` _`g _`ooj \iij .212 ^jiadmhÖ `o _d ipjqj _d`_` dg npj ^jin`inj) ^c` g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj apnn`7 ^ji^`_po\ \ _`ood LL+ ?g+^d N`* bjg\md+ ?jh` _\g _`ooj npj ]m`q` nk`_doj di Njh\ { _`ooj _d+ A k`m^c} i`gg\ np__`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj njg`q\ q`idm` bm\i ^ji^jmnj _d b`io` di jbid q`i`m_Å _d I\muj km`o`n`mj) ^c` di `nn\ apnn`mj no\o` ^ji^`nn` hjgo` di_pgb`iu` \iod^\h`io`) _`gg` lp\gd \ggôcjm\ iji nôi` c\q`\ h`* hjmd\8 L`mgj^^c} k`m _`ood NN+ LL+ ap npkkgd^\o\ g\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ L\k\ L\jgj ER %jgdh L+@+ Cdj7 Ld`omj ?\mm\a\ Bji_\ojm` _d _`oo\ gjmj m`gdbdji`& ^c` nd apnn` ^jhkd\^dpoj _d ipjqj _d ^`_`mgd gôdi_pgb`iu` np_* _`oo`8 ` ^jnÅ k`m _`ooj Ojhhj Ljio`ad^` apmij ^ji^`nn` \gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\

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mdno`nn` di_pgb`iu`) ^c` no\q\ij8 i`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d Njh\ i`ggd h`_`hd bdjmid _d q`i`m_Å _d I\muj ^jh` _\g _`ooj npj ]m`q` nk`* _doj di Njh\ \ .- B`]mj .223+ J`ggô\iij .225 `nn`i_j _`ooj Ojhhj Ljio`ad^` diajmh\oj _`ggd a\nod_de) ` om\q\bgd) ^c` k\odq\ij _`ood NN+ LL+ di _`oo\ gjmj ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj k`m mdnk`ooj _`gg\ L\mmj^^cd\) ^c` di `nnd nd `n`m^do\q\) `o \h* hdidnom\q\ij gd OO+hd O\^m\h`iod \ggd adbgd\mgd _d `nn\ ji_` ^ji npj ]m`q` nk`_doj njooj g\ _\o\ _`ggd 1 Jjq`h]m` _`g h`_`hj \iij .225 ^c` _`oo\ L\mmj^^cd\ nd apnn` om\ina`mdo\ di \gom\ ^cd`n\ ^jh` _\g _`ooj ]m`q`8 `o \ /0 _`g h`_`hj h`n` _d jooj]m` _`g n`bp`io` \iij .226 ap ^dÖ `n`bpdoj) ^ji `nn`m lp`gg\ om\na`mdo\ i`gg\ ^cd`n\ _d %+++&+ Ki_` `nn`i_j hjmoj dg _`ooj Ojhhj Ljio`ad^` L\jgj ER) dg N`q+_j =]]\o` J\m_ô=iojidj =ibmdn\ij m`^g\hj \gg\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ L\k\ Ldj R) lp\g` np^^`_` \g _`ooj Ljiodad^\oj8 k`m^c} gd _`ood NN+ LL+ _p]do\q\ij _d m`qj^\odji` _`g np__`ooj ]m`q` q`ii`mj ^ji _`ooj N`q+_j =]]\o` J\m_ô=iojidj i`gg\ n`bp`io` om\in\oodji`) ` ^ji^jm_d\ ^dj~ n\gqj gô\nn`inj dhk`om\i_j _`gg\ _`oo\ O\iodo{ _d Ldj R) ^c` dg _`ooj N`q+_j =]]\o` c\q`nn` kjnnpoj i`ggôpgodh\ \g\ _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _\gg\ k\mo` _`gg\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ _d `nn\ q`mnj g\ ^\n\ _d @+ Cdj7 >\oodno\ ?\no\g_j) a\mqd pi\ ?\kk`gg\ ^ji \go\m`) Bjio` ]\oo`ndh\g`) kdoopm\) n`kjgopm\8 ` ^\i^`gg\o\ _d a`mmj _`iomj _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _\gg\ lp\g` nd md^`q`nn` dg gph` k`m _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\) lp\g` apnn` no\o\ kd`_d n`d _d g\mbc`uu\) ` kd`_d _d`^` _d \go`uu\) `o \gom` ^jhj_do{ i`^`nn\md` k`m n`mqdodj _`gg\ L\mmj^^cd\ np__`oo\) ` npjd adbgd\id8 `o g\ kjmo\ k`m g\ lp\g` nô`iom\nn` di _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ nd _jq`nn` \ggj g\mbc`ooj) ^c` no\q\ \q\iod _`oo\ ?cd`n\8 ` g\ ^\n\ _d _`ooj ?\no\g_j) ` iji qd apnn` \gom\ kjmo\) ^c` di `nn\ nô`iom\nn` k`m _`iomj _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj lp\g ?\kk`gg\ apnn` no\o\ kmj^dio\ _d Ipm` _ôdiojmij diojmij) `^^`ooj k`mÖ gj nk\odj _d _`oo\ ^\i* ^`gg\o\) ^jh` k`m dnomjh`ioj _d _`oo\ om\in^mdodji` k`m h\ij _d i+ Cdj7 Rdi^`iuj B`mm`oo\ \ .- @d^`h]m` .23-+ J `ggô\iij .244 `nn`i_j k\nn\oj _\ lp`no\ \ h`bgdjm qdo\ dg _`ooj N`q+_j J\m_ô=iojidj =ibmdn\ij =]]\o` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o g ô\]]\od\ np__`oo\ aá ^jia`mdo\ di k`mnji\ _`g N+@+ Bm\i+^j Hjh]\m_j ?\i+^j J\k+ij dg lp\g` qjg`i_j a\m ^jn\ bm\o\ \ _`ood ijnomd LL+ _d om\na`mdm` g\ _`oo\ L\mmj^^cd\ di \gom\ ?cd`n\ ^jiajmh` \ggô\iij .225) ap jm_di\oj _\gg\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ L\k\ L\jgj ER ` ^jnÅ apmij _\od kdá h`hjmd\gd \QôAhdi+hj Odb+ ?\m_di\g` _ô=m`uuj =m^dq`n^jqj _d J\kjgd ^jnÅ _\ _`ood NN+ LL+) ^jh` _\g np__`ooj =]]\oo` ` adbgd\ij _`gg\ np_* _`oo\ L\mmj^^cd\ _\g lp\g` Ahdi+hj Odb+ ?\m_di\g` ap ^ji^`nn\ g\ ^\pn\ np__`oo\ \g npj Rd^\mdj C`i`m\g` Ijindbijm` Ijn^\m_j) \q\iod _`g lp\g` ap ^jhkdg\oj kmj^`nnj) `o \i^j `nn`i_jnd joo`ipo\ g\ gd^`iu\ _`g O\iodn* ndhj Ljio`ad^` Cm`bjmdj TEEE ^ji np` ]jgg` nk`_do` \ .2 I\bbdj .244) pgodh\h`io` ap ^ji _`^m`oj _d N`q+hj Rd^\mdj jm_di\oj) ^c` nd g`q\nn`

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g\ L\mmj^^cd\ np__`oo\ _\gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ` lp`gg\ nd om\ina`* mdnn`) `o pidnn` ^ji g\ L\mmj^^cd\ _d O+ Cdjmb+o`ggj8 ^jh` _\g _`ooj _`* ^m`oj \ .- O`oo`h]m` _`g _`ooj \iij .244 ` ap kmjio\h`io` ^dÖ `n`bpdoj m`no\i_j njg\h`io` di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) g\ _`ijhdi\udji` _d =]]\od\+ Ki_` _`ood LL+ mdomjq\i_jnd lpd`od) `o `nn`iod _\ om\q\bgd) ^c` ^ji* odip\h`io` md^`q`q\ij k`m ^\pn\ _d _`oo\ L\mmj^^cd\) n`bpdmij _d \^^j* hj_\m` g` bm\_` _d h\mhj) ^c` no\q\ij \q\iod g\ kjmo\ I\bb+m` _d _`oo\ gjmj ?cd`n\ c\q`i_j c\qpoj dg ^jin`inj _d opoo` g` kd\uu` _d _`oo\ B`_`* gdnndh\ ^doo{ `o \i^j dg ]`i`kg\^doj _`g Odb+m` Rd^`m} i`ggô\iij .223 \ 0O`oo`h]m`8 no\io` ^c` _`oo` bm\_` no\q\ij \k`mo`) ` k\o`io` \ opooj dg kjkjgj jq` q`idq\ g\ kdá b`io` qdg` _`gg\ ?doo{ \ bdj^\m`) ` a\m` \gom` \oomd]pd di_`bi`8 ` lp`gg` \^^jhj_\o`) ap _d ]dnjbij \i^j mda\m` g\ ?cd`n\ np _`oo\) no\m^c} `m\ kd^^jg\) ` hdi\^^d\q\ mpqdi\) k`mgj^c} i`g* g ô\iij .25. am\ jooj h`nd ap _dmj^^\o\) `o `_dad^\o\ _\gg` k`_\h`io` g\ k\mo` _`gg\ ?mj^`) `o _`g ?jmj _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\+ A mdijq\i_jnd di pi\ ^\kk`gg\ njooj g ô\g\ _`gg\ k\mo` _`nom\ _`g* g ôAq\ib`gdj _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\) g ô`no\pmdo\ _d OO+ Ld`omj) ` L\jgj) ap `od\h lp`gg\ _dmj^^\o\) ` _`ood LL+ kmjhdn`mj _d ^jin`bi\m` \ggd h\nomd _d _`oo\ `no\pmdo\ piô\gom\ ?\kk`gg\ ipjq\ ^c` no\q\ij \oop\gh`io` a\od^\i_jnd) ^jh` k`m dnomjh`ioj k`m h\ij _d =iojidj ?`g`io\ij \ .6 Hpbgdj .261+ A ^jnÅ ap mda\ooj opooj dg m`no\io` _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ k`m opooj g ô\iij .256) ` ^jindbijnnd \ _`ood I\nomd g\ ?\kk`gg\ I\bbdjm`) ^c` no\q\ `iomj g\ ?mj^` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ \gg\ _`oo\ k\mo` _`gg\ h\i _`nom\ _`ggôAq\ib`gdj+ A _d kjd i`ggô\iij .3-4) nd a\]md^Ñ dg ?g\pnomj _d _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o di `nnj nd kjn`mj g` _d^`jooj ^jgjii` _d bm\idoj) ^c` kmdh\ no\q\ij di _`oo\ ?cd`n\) `o g` _p` ^jgjii` _d h\mhj k\m_dbgdj) ^c` \i^j no\q\ij di `nn\ apmjij dhkd^^jgdo`) ` kjno` i`gg\ kjmo\ I\bbdjm` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\) ` ^jnÅ k`m ajmh\m` g` np_`oo` a\]md^c` `o `_dad^de ap i`^`nn\mdj ^jhkm\m` _dq`mn` ^\n`) ` no\]dgd) _` lp\gd _dnodi* o\h`io` nd _dm{) `o kmdhj+

B+6+

ì 9QcQ W bQ ^ T U% cUe db U SQcU e ^ YdU Q ccYU] U S _ ] ` bQ dU TQ = Y_ 3 8 Q b& bYt \Q % U J YR U b YQ T U 8 Q \T Yc ` U b T e S Q dY * 2 ) ) î C Q bj_ *. - . '

H\ ijnom\ R`i`m\]dg` ?jibm`b\odji` _` ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d J\kjgd) `o k`m `nn\ gd OO+hd Id^c`g`) ` C`np} ?\m\^^djgj _d J\kjgd i`ggô\iij .212 ^jhkmjhj _\g @+ Cdj7 >\mmdÑg\) `o J\b+^\ Pd]`md\ _` >\g_dn ^jidpbd ^ji `nkm`nnj ^jin`inj _d _`ooj @+ Cdj7 npj h\mdoj+ Qi\ ^\n\ bm\i_`) n`p om` ^\n` pido` \nnd`h` ^jindno`iod`mj di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`mdjmd) ^ji kjmo\g`) ^jmodg`) kjuuj) `o

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\go` ^jhj_do{) ndo\ di _`oo\ ?doo{ `) kmjkmd` i`gg\ nom\_\ _d O+ ?mj^` _`gg\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ dpno\ dg bd\m_dij) ` ^jmodg` _`gg\ q`i`m\]dg` ?\kk`gg\) n`p @dn^dkgdi\ _`d OO+ Ld`omj ` L\jgj) dpno\ gd ]`id _`ggd c`m`_d _d =id]\gg` _d ?\kp\) gd ]`id q`i_pod k`m gd h`_`hd ^jidpbd \ _`oo\ _dn^dkgdi\) gd ]`id _`g N`q+_j =]]\o` ?\mgj Bm\i^`n`) gd ]`id _`g @+ Hpdn` Pmjd\) g\ qd\ kp]]gd^\ _`gg\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) ` g\ qd\ qd^di\g` _`gg\ k\mo` _`g Rd^j _d O+ L\jgj) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ Bm\i^\ _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nd) `^^`ooj _\g ^`inj `hkc`o`jod^j k`m* k`opj _ô\idhd 0+0 _`]doj \ .2 =bjnoj \gg\ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\) n`p @dn^dkgdi\ _` OO+ Ld`omj) ` L\jgj) aji_\oj njkm\ pi\ k\mo` _d _`oo` ^\n`) ` kmjkmd` npgg\ k\mo`) ^c` no\q\ qd^dij dg bd\m_dij _d _`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\) ^jh` dg opooj \gg` ?\po`g` njkm\ _d ^dÖ \kk\m`iodij+ J`^ iji _`g k`nj _d k\b\m` ..- \_ =i_m`\ I\oo`j L\pgdggj k`m g\ m`omjq`i_do\ _d pi\ ^`mo\ k\mo` _d _`oo` ^\n`) ` kmjkmd` lp`gg\) ^c` no\q\ dpno\ gd ]`id _`g @+ Bdnd^j Cdj7 C`mjidhj _` Fpgden dg ^jmodg` _d _`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\) g ô\gomd ]`id _d _`ood ^jidpbd) dg qd^jgj _d O+ L\jgj) `o \gomd ^jiadid) jgdh k`m `nnd ^jidpbd q`i_po\ \g np__`ooj =i_m`\ I\oo`j ^ji k\ooj _` m`omjq`i_`i_j diam\ ^`moj o`hkj8 ^jh` _\ggôdnomjh`ioj _d _`oo\ q`i_do\ k`m h\ij _d i+ Cdj7 @jh+^j Cm\nnj+ J `ggô\iij .212 gd h\nomd _`gg\ np__`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\ _` OO+ Ld`omj ` L\jgj di kp]gd^j o`nodhjidj ^jnodopdod _d`cd\m\hj c\q`m md^`qpoj _\ggd np__`ood NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`b+md _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj //3+/+.k`m gj ]\i^j _`gg\ O+h\ =ii+o\ _d J\kjgd _d _`i\mj k`mq`ipoj gd `g`hjj* ndi\od _\ B\]mdodj I\m\h\oj) ` k`m `nnj _\ggôKnkdo+` _`gg\ _`oo\ O+h\ =ii+o\ _`]dojm` _d `nnj B\]mdodj+ L`m gd lp\gd _`ood I\nomd g ô\am\i`\q\ij o\ioj gd _`ood \iij 0+0 _d ?`inj po npkm\ _`]doj npkm\ _`oo\ ?\n\8 lp\ioj \gomd .- `od\h _d ^`inj _`]doj \gg\ h`_`h\ @dn^dkgdi\ njkm\ piô\gom\ ^\n\ ^jhkm\o\ k`m _`ood LL+ _\g I\b+^j =iojidj >\nnj { 0 I\muj .212+ ?jh` i`gg\ n`bp`io` ^jhkm\ _d ^\n` nd _dm{+

B+.0+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \ C Q W 'S_ 7 ^ d_ ^ Y_ 8 Q cc_ ` U b T e S Q dY - ) ) î+ ", &, &* . - . #'

Hd NN+ LL+ @ji C\`o\ij) %\g km`n`io` O+ C\`o\ij&) @+ I\m^j) `o \gomd ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d J\kjgd ^\kdopg\mdo`m ^ji* bm`b\od i`ggô\iij .212 ^jhkm\hj _\g I\b+^j =iojidj >\nnj di J\kjgd+ Qi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md `ji ^jmodg`) kjuuj) `o \gom` ^jhj_do{) ndo\ di lp`no\ ^doo{) ` kmjkmd` i`g qd^j O+ L\jgj _`gg\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ dpno\ gd ]`id _d _`ood NN+ LL+) gd ]`id _`ggôc`m`_d _`g Cdj7 >\oodno\ Op\m_j) `o \gomd ^jiadid) g\ qd\ ?jhpi\g`+ @`gg\ lp\g` ^\n\ ]\q`i_ji` nom`ooj ]dnjbij _`ood LL+ k`m \hkgd\*

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K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

\_ji` _`gg\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\) ` ?\n\) k`m gj ^c` _`gd]`m`hj lp`gg\ ^jhkm\m* n`g\) \gg\ lp\g` ^jhkm\ `nn`i_jnd jkkjnoj _\ggd I\nomd) `o `^jijhd _d _`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\ _` OO+ Ld`omj ` L\jgj km`o`n`mj ^c` di lp`gg\ c\q`nn`mj c\qpoj \ ^jnomp`m` g\ _`oo\ gjmj @dn^dkgdi\) ` njkm\ _d ^dÖ `nn`i_jnd a\ood kdá \ood i`g O+N+?+ `o \q\iod dg N`b+ ?jindbgd`mÖ Cdj7 Bm\i^`n^j >m\i^d\+ Qgodh\h`io` q`ii`mj _`ood NN+ LL+ di \^^jm_j ^ji _`ood `^jijhd) _jq` h`_d\io` kp]]gd^j %+++& _`ood ijnomd LL+ ^ji Bm\i+^j =iojidj Rdg* g\ij k`m h\bbdjm ^\po`g\ _d _`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\) nôj]]gdb\hj ^ji^`_`m`) n`p _\m` \ _`oo\ _dn^dkgdi\ pi gpjbj ^jhkgdoj k`m pnj nkjbgd\opmj) ` ?jibm`b+i` _d _`ood I\nomd) ` ?jiam\od _d _`oo\ @dn^dkgdi\) ^ji `g`oodji` _d `nnd NN+ L\_md) lp\g` gpjbj _jq`nn` `nn`m` _d k\ghd q`iodn`d _d gpi* bc`uu\) ` k\ghd _d`^`jooj _d g\mbc`uu\) `o ~ ^`iom\ _`ood I\nomd mdg\* n^d\hj g\ _`oo\ ^\n\ \_ `nnd+ NN+ LL+) ^jh` _\g _`ooj \g]`m\ij a\ooj di _`ooj \iij .212+

B+.4+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \ C Q W 'S _ 7 ^ d_ ^ Y_ 8 Qcc_ ` U b T e S Q dY - ) ) ' L Q \e dQ T U \ Q VVbQ ^ S Q dY_ ^ U T ÄQ ^ ^ _ T e S Q dY * 2 ' : Y SU^c_% Q / ` U b S U ^ d_ T e & S Q dY , * / î+ "* / &* &* . . . #'

Hd NN+LL+ _`gg\ ijnom\ ?jibm`b\odji` _` ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d J\kjgd) i`ggô\iij .222 ^jhkm\hj _\g I\b+^j =iojidj >\nnj pi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`mdjmd) ^ji kdn^di\ di `nn\) i`^ iji ^ji hjgo` adi`nom`) ` no\iod` njkm\ dg ^jmodg`) ` gpjbj _d _`ood NN+ LL+8 ndo\ di lp`no\ ^doo{) ` kmjkmd` i`g Rd^j _d O+ L\jgj ^jiodbp\ \gg\ _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\) dpno\ dg _`ooj ^jmodg`) gd ]`id _d >\mojgjh`j _`gg\ Ljmo\) ` npjd i`kjod) dpno\ _p` qd^cd ^jhpi\gd) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ Bm\i^\ _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nj) `^^`ooj _\g k`nj _ô\iij _p^\od .6 _d ^`inj _`]doj \gg` _dq`mn` k`mnji`+ J`g _`ooj \iij .222 dg np__`ooj =iojidj >\nnj di kp]gd^j o`nod* hjidj ^jinodopoj _d^cd\mÖ c\q`m md^`qpoj _\ggd _`ood ijnomd LL+ _d O+ L\j* gj gd np__`ood _p^\od 1-- i`g n`bp`io` hj_j7 = 2 Hpbgdj _`g _`ooj \iij _p^\od 0-- ñ ^dj~ _p^\od /-- k`m gj ]\i^j _`ggô=iipiud+\o\ ` _p^\od .-- k`m gj ]\i^j _d I\md) ` ?do\m`gg\8 k`m d lp\gd _p^\od 0-- _`ooj =iojidj lpd`oÖ _`ood L\_md k`m _`oo\ nphh\7 ^jh` k`m dinomjh`ioj k`m h\ij _d _`ooj Pjh\n =id`ggj B`mi`oo\ \ 2 Hpbgdj _`ooj+ Ao \ /- O`oo`h]m` _`g h`_`ndhj \iij gd m`no\iodij _p^\od .-k`m _`ooj ]\i^j _`gg\ O+h\ =iipiud\o\) ` aph j \ ^jhkgdh`ioj _d _`ood _p^\od 1-- k`m gôdiod`mj km`uuj _d _`oo\ ^\n\8 ^jh` k`m \gomd di*

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namjh`ioj k`m h\ij _d _`ooj B`mm`oo\ \ _`ooj _Å /- O`oo`h]m` _`ooj+ WåååYå B+/.+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \\ÄY\\e c db U = Y_ 3 J _ ] Q cU T U 9 Q ` e Q ` U b T e & S Q dY * 0 . * f Q \_ bU T U S U ^ c Y Q VVbQ ^ S Q dY Y] ` _ b dQ ^ dY^ _ Q^ ^ _ T e S Q dY +2&+&*) * T e S Q dY -2 * &, &* . î+ "1 &0 &* . . / #' Hd NN+ LL+ _`gg\ ijnom\ N`gdbdji` _` ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d J\kjgd i`ggô\iij .223 ^jhkm\m\i _\ggôdggpnom` Cdj7 Pj* h\n` _` ?\kp\ I\m^c`n` _`gg\ Pjmm` _d Bm\i^jgdndj) `o k`m `nnj _\g I\b+^j Cdj7 >`i`_`ooj _` Np]`moj npj kmj^pm\ojm`+ Qi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdá ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`* mdjmd ndo\ di lp`no\ ?doo{ _d J\kjgd) ` kmjkmdj i`gg\ Oom\_\ _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) dpno\ gd ]`id _`ggd _`ood NN+ LL+) gd ]`id _`g I\b+^j I\o* o`j L\b\ij) g ô\gomd ]`id _` _`ooj I\m^c`n` g\ qd\ kp]gd^\) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ A lp`noj k`m dg km`uuj _d _p^\od .22 ` ap i`g n`bp`io` hj_j+ @`oo\ ?\n\ `nn`i_j i`^`nn\md\ \ _`ood ijnomd L\_md k`m \hkgd\odji` _`gg\ _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\) ` ?\n\) `o m`kpbi\i_jnd k`m _`ooj dggpnom` I\m^c`n` lp`gg\ q`i_`m`) ap \_ dno\iu\ _d _`ood ijnomd LL+ ^jiq`ipoj i`g O+N+?+ `o \q\iod dg m`bdj ?jindbgd`mÖ Aoojm` Cd`np\g_j _`g`b\oj k`m g\ q`i_do\ _d `nn\ km`qdj \kkm`odj kmj \hkgd\odji` _d _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ `o ?\n\ po npkm\) ` a\ood njkm\ _d ^dÖ hjgod \ood) pgodh\h`io` ap k`m _`ooj O+N+?+ m`a`m`io` _`ooj N`bdj ?jindbgd`mÖ ?jhhdnn\mdj kmjhpgb\o\ O`io`iu\ _daadidodq\) _jq` ap ^ji_\ii\oj _`ooj dggpnom` I\m^c`n` \gg\ q`i_do\ _d `nn\) ^ji ^ji_dodji` k`mÖ) ^c` _`ood LL+ i`gg\ a\]md^\ k`m `nnd a\^d`i_\) iji _jq`nn`mj g\n^d\m qdno\ i`ggô\gom\ ^\n\ _d _`ooj dggpnom` I\m^c`n`) `o di qdmoá _d _`oo\ n`io`iud\ ap g\ ^\n\ np_`oo\ \kkm`uu\o\ _\ Cdj7 Bm\i^`n^j I\mh\iij @`kpo\oj8 am\i^\ ` gd]`m\ _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nj k`m _p^\od 32- q`mph ^ji _`ood k`nd _ô\iij _p^\od /6+/+.- _d ^`ind po npkm\ k`m _p^\od .25+.+.0+ @`g lp\g` \kkm`uuj ap _\ k\mo` _d _`ooj dggpnom` I\m^c`n` m`^g\* h\oj) `o k`m _`ooj O+N+?+ ap ^jhh`nnj g ô\kkm`uuj np__`ooj \ Ld`mj =ioj* idj H`ood`m\ Lmdh\mdj) _\g lp\g` ap _`oo\ ^\n\ m`qdno\) `o \kkm`uu\o\ `o am\i^\) `o gd]`m\ k`m _p^\od 333+0+.2 ^ji _`ood k`nd k`m _p^\od .22+

W§§§Y+ B+/2+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \ I YW 'b U 7 ^ d_ ^ Y^ _ T Ä7 ^ V_ b Q ` U b T e S Q dY / ) ) î+ "- &1 &* . / * #'

Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g`md^d m`gdbdjnd _d O\i L\jgj I\bbdjm` _d J\* kjgd i`ggô\iij .23. joo`ii`mj k`m ^ji^`nndji` _`g I\b+^j =iojidij _ô=iajm\ _d Ojmm`ioj+

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K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

Qi\ ^\n\ kd^^jg\ ^jindno`io` di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md) `o `_dad^d dia`mdjmd) ` npk`mdjmd) lp\g` ap _d) Cd\^jhô=id`ggj _d =qdo\de\) ` I\m* b\mdo\ Bm\i^`n` ^jidpbd) ndo\ di lp`no\ ^doo\ _d J\kjgd) ` kmjkmd` i`gg\ nom\_\ _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) dpno\ dg ijnomj Iji\no`mj) n`p ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) dpno\ gd \gomd ]`id _ô`nnj =iojidij) g\ qd\ kp]gd^\) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ W+++Y+ ?jh` dg opooj _\ggôdinomjh`ioj mjb\oj k`m h\ij _d B\]mdodj >\nnj _d J\kjgd \ 1 =bjnoj .23.+ J `ggô\iij .26. Cdj7 >\oodno\ Njh\ij Lmj* ^pm\ojm` ^ph nk`^d\gd h\i_\oj _`g _`ooj =iojidij _ô=iajm\) di kp]]gd^j o`nodhjidj ^jinodopoj _d^cd\mÖ ]\q`m md^`qpoj _\ggd _`ood ijnomd LL+ k`m gj ]\i^j _` N\q\n^cd`md) ` nkdijg\ _p^\od 3--+

W+++Y+ B+/4+ | 9QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q = Y_ 3 7 ^ d_ ^ Y_ 7 ^ W bYcQ ^ _ ` U b T e S Q dY + ) * - '+ '* . î+ ", &* &* . / - #'

Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bb+m` J\kjgd i`ggô\iij .231 ^jhkmjhj _\g I\bb+m` Cdj7 =iojidj =ibmdn\ij+ Qi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdp) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`* mdjmd) ^ji k`mod^\g`) ^jmodg` kd^^jgj) ` kjuuj) ndoj di lp`no\ ^doo{) ` kmjkmd` i`g qd^j _`ooj _d O+ L\jgj) dpno\ gd ]`id) ^c` apmjij _`g b+hh+ ?`n\m` I\gado\ij) dg qd^j np__`ooj `o \gomd ^jiadid+ W+++Y+

B+/6+ ì K ^ Q ` Q b dU T Y S U bdU SQ cU W b Q ^ T Y S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \\ÄX U bU T Y T U \ = '] _ 9 _ ^ cYW 'bU D YS _ \Q < bQ ^ 'S _ T U 9 _ cdQ ^ j_ ` U b T e S Q dY + ', ) ) î+ ", * &, &* . 0 ) #'

Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ _`gg\ ?jibm`b\udji` _` ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`* n\ _d O+ L\jgj i`ggô\iij .24- \nnd`h` ^ji dg I\b+^j Rdi^`iuj _` Ophh\ ^jhkmÑh` _\ggô`^^+h\ Odb+m\ I\md\ ?\m\a\ I\_m`) >\gd\) ` Ppomd^` P`no\h`io\md\) `o ^jiadmh\o\ h`_d\io` _`^m`oj _d km`\h]jgj _`gg\ C+?+ _`gg\ W+++Y _`ggd Odb+md Bpgqdj) Cdj+ >\oodno\) ` H`gdj _` ?jno\iuj) i`^ iji _\ggd Odb+mj Pjh\n`) ` O^dkdji` _` ?jno\iuj L\_m`) ` Bdbgdj8 =g^pi` ^\n` bm\i_d ^jindno`iodij di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md `o `_dad^ed dia`mdjmd) ` npk`mdjmd ^ji ^jmodg`) bd\m_dij) `o \gom` ^jhj_do{) ndo` di lp`no\ ^doo{) `o kmjkmd` i`gg\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ dpno\ g\ ?\kk`gg\ njooj dg qj^\]jgj _d O+ ?mj^` _d _`ooj O`bbdj) dpno\ g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) dpno\ dg _jmhdojmdj _d _`ood NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`b+md) dpno\ gd ]`id _d lp`ggd _d ^\n\ L`uuji`) g\ qd\ kp]gd^\) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ Mp\g` ^\n` apmjij _dqdn` ^dj~8 gd _`ood ijnomd NN+ LL+ ^jhkmjhj opoo\ lp`gg\ k\mo` _d _`oo` ^\n` ndno`iodij _\g kjuuj) n`p _\g ^jmodg` _d

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.0.

`nn` ^\n` q`mnj g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ` _jmhdojmdj _d `nnd LL+ pi\ ^ji opooj dg bd\m_dij _`gg` _`oo` ^\n`8 Bm\i^\) ` gd]`m\ _`oo\ k\mo` _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nj) ` ^`inj+ Ao dg _`ooj I\b+^j Rdi^`iuj _` Ophh\ ^jhkmÖ g\ m`no\io` k\mo` _d _`oo` ^\n` ndno`io` _\g np__`ooj kjuuj) n`p ^jmodg` q`mnj g\ nom\_\ kp]]gd^\+

W+++Y+

A lp`noj opoo` _`oo` ^\n` k`m dg km`uuj _d _p^\od 0+0-- ^jnÅ \kkm`u* u\o\ k`m jm_di` _`g O+N+?+ ^dj~ _`oo\ k\mo` ^jhkm\o\ k`m _`ood LL+ k`m _p^\od /+0-- ` _`oo\ k\mo` ^jhkm\o\ k`m _`ooj h+^j Rdi^`iuj k`m dg km`uuj _d _p^\od .+---+

W+++Yå B+0.+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` b Q dQ T Q = Y_ 3 < bQ ^ 'S_ U d E ddQ f YQ ^ _ I e Q bT Q ` U b T e S Q dY 5/-î+ "+ - &* &* . 0 + #' Hd NN+ LL+ ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\b* bdjm` _d J\kjgd i`ggô\iij .24/ ^jhkmjhj _\ Cdj7 Bm\i^`n^j) `o Koo\* qd\ij Op\m_j+ Qi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdá ` _dq`mnd h`h]md ^ji ^`moj q\^pj di `nn\) ndo\ di lp`no\ ^doo{) `o kmjkmd` i`g qd^j _d O+ L\jgj) dpno\ g ô\gomd ]`id _d _`ooj Cdj7 Bm\i^`n^j) dpno\ dg Iji\no`mdj n`p ^\n\ _d _`ood NN+ LL+) g\ qd\ kp]]gd^\ `o \gomd ^jiadid+ Bm\i^\ _\ lp\gndqjbgd\ k`nj) `^^`ooj _\g k`nj _d /+0+.2 _d ^`inj `hkc`o`pod^j k`mk`opj _d /+0+.2 _`]dod { .2 =bjnoj \g N+@+ H`ji\m_j =iojidj =ibmdn\ij ^jh` =]]\o` _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) njkm\ pi\ k\mo` _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) njkm\ pi\ k\mo` _`gg\ _`oo\ ?\n\) ` aá i`g n`bp`io` hj_j+ Hd _`ood NN+ LL+ ?H^d N`b+md i`ggô\ghj .222 joo`ii`mj k`m ^ji* ^`nndji` _\ggô=]]\od\ _`gg\ _`oo\ ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o k`m `nn\ _\g _`ooj N+ J\m_ô=iojidj =ibmdn\ij =]]\o` _d `nn\) pi\ ^\n`oo\ kd^^jg\ ^jind* no`io` di _p` h`h]md pij dia`mdjm`) ` gô\gomj npk`mdjm` ndo\ po npkm\ di _`ooj qd^j _d O+ L\jgj dpno\ g ô\gomd ]`id _d `nnd NN) LL+) gd ]`id _d Lmjnk`mj Op\m_j k\_m` _d _`ood Bm\i+^j =io+) `o Koo\qd\ij) dg qd^j ^j* hpi\g`) `o \gomd ^jiadid) \gg\ np__`oo\ \]]\od\ k`mq`ipo\ k`m _`qjgpudji` njkm\ _d `nn` joo`ipo\ k`m ^\pn\ _d ^`ind _`^jmnd) ` iji k\b\od k`m g\ I\b+^\ Pd]`md\ _` >jg_dn8 hjbgd` _`g R+ Cdj7 >\midjg\ kjnn`nnjm` _d `nn\ %+++&+ Ao `nn`i_jnd h\i_\oj di Njh\ k`m joo`i`m` g ô\nn`inj \gg\ _`oo\ ?ji^`nndji`) aá lp`ggj ^jhh`nnj \g Rd^+j b`i`m\g` J\k+ij) `o \g %+++&8 _\ggd lp\gd ap km`no\oj g ô\nn`inj np__`ooj) `o \pbph`io\oj _`ooj ^`inj %+++& ` ap _`oo\ ^\n\ kjnn`_po\ _\ _`ood NN+ LL+ ndi _\ggô\iij .225+ Ki_` i`g _`ooj \iij .225 _`ood LL+ qjg`i_j g`q\mnd hjgo` %+++&) ` n`mqdoá) ^c` nd m`i_`q\ij _\gg` _`oo` ^\n` _d Lmjnk`mj Op\m_j) k`m \q`m`

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K>G:MH E:F ;B:L>

_`oo` ^\n` om` adi`nom` i`g ^jmodg` _ô`nnd NN+ LL+8 `o ~ ^jiom\ q`_`i_j) ^c` _`ooj Lmjnk`mj c\q`\ nom`oodnndhj ]dnjbij _`gg\ ^\n`oodi\ np__`oo\) nd _`gd]`mjhj lp`gg\ ^`_`m` \_ `nnj Lmjnk`mj) ^jhôdi `aa`ooj n`bpÅ %+++& \ ^ji_dodji`) ^c` _`ooj Lmjnk`mj c\q`nn` c\qpoj \ ^cdp_`m` g` _`oo` adi`nom`) ^c` hdm\q\ij i`g _`ooj ^jmodg`) ` g`q\m` g` np__`oo`+

B+00+ ^^ 7 S S _ bT _ V Q dd_ S _ ^ T Yf U b c U ` U bc_ ^ U ` U b V_ b] Q bU e ^ Q SQ ` ` U \\Q T U \ I I '] _ 9 b_ SUVYcc_ c _ dd_ \Q ^ _ cdbQ 9 X YU cQ G' "* . 0 0 #'

H{ ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g`md^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ _d O\i L\jgj i`ggô\iij .244) { kmdhj B`]m\mj) c\q`i_j joo`ipoj _\gg\ O\iodo{ _d J+O+ Cm`bjmdj TEEE+ Qiô\go\m` kmdqdg`bbd\oj njooj dg odojgj _`g OO\ij ?mj^`adnnj8 ji_` _`ood k\_md qjg`i_j a\]md^\m` dh\ ^\kk`gg\ njooj _`ooj odojgj) njooj piô\g\ _`gg\ _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ np__`oo\) lp`gô`m\ _`g L+ Bdnd^j Ljhk`j Cdj_d^` Km_dij8 dg lp\g` `nn`i_j \nn\d \aa`oodji\oj _`gg\ _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\ nd ^jhkd\^` _ji\m` { _`ood LL+ lp`g gpjbj _jq` nd `m\ _`ndbi\o\ g\ a\]md^\ _d `nn\+ A k`m^c} i`g I`_`hj ^jmodg`) qd `m\ pi\ a`i`nom\ \_ gph`i dibm`_d`i_ph _`gg\ ?\n\ _d L\jgj) PÑh`n`) ` am\o`ggd _` Vpjud aá \i^j _d ]dnjbij lp`gg\ n`mm\mnd) ` k`m^c} lp`gg\ n`mm\o\ \kkjmo\q\ ijo\]dg _\iij \gg\ ?\h`m\ _jq` no\q\ _`oo\ adi`nom\) ji_` k`m `aa`ooj _d _`ood ijnomd LL+ aphj ^ji_\ii\od { k\b\m`) h`_d\io` n`io`iu\ _`g O+N+?+ m`a`m`io` dg N`b+ ?jindbgd`mÖ Rdi^`iuj _` Bm\i^j ?jhhdnn\mdj @`g`b\oj _d `nnd L\_md) _p^\od .-- ^jnÅ di `aa`ooj lp`ggj apmij k\b\od) ` nd n`mmÖ g\ a`i`* nom\ np__`oo\) ` a`mhjnnd g\ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g OO+ ?mj^`adnnj) ^jh` _\gg\ >jgg\ Ljiodad^d\ _\o\ { _`ooj _Å B`]m\mj .244 di Njh\+

B+02+ \ J bQ ^ cQ ddY_ ^ U e ^ YdQ S_ ^ T Yf U b c U ` U b c_ ^ U V U b V_ b] Q bU \Q W bQ T Q T U \\Q ` _ b dQ ] Q W W 'bU T U \\Q ^ _ cdbQ SX YU cQ î "+ , &+ &* . 0 0 # U "+ - &- &* . 0 2 #' Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj i`ggô\iij .243) qj* g`i_j \^^jhj_\m` g` bm\_` _d h\mhj) ^c` no\q\ij i`gg\ kjmo\ h\bbdjm` _d _`oo\ ^cd`n\) \k`mo` \ k\o`io` \ opooj dg kjkjgj) jq` q`idq\ g\ kdá b`io` qdg` _`gg\ ?doo{ \ bdj^\m`) \ a\m` \oodjid di_`bi`) k`mgj^^c} k`m `qdo\m` gj n^\i_\gj) ^c` ^jiodip\h`io` \kkjmo\q\ \ _`oo\ ?cd`n\) `m\ij ^jnom`ood o`i`m n`mm\o\ g\ kjmo\ np__`oo\+ Ki_` qjg`i_j \ ^dÖ m`k\m\m apmjij ^jnom`ood D\q`m dg ^jin`inj _d opoo` g` Ld\uu` _d lp`no\ ?doo{) lp\g` kd\uu` ^jibm`b\o` km`nojhj dg gjmj ^jin`inj) ^jh` nd q`_` _\gg\

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.00

^ji^gpndji` _d _`oo` kd\uu` a\oo` i`ggd h`nd _d Cdpbij) Hpbgdj `_ =bjnoj _`g _`ooj \iij .243+ Ao \i^j ap i`^`nn\mdj c\q`mnd dg ]`i`kg\^d_j _`ggôA^^+hj Odbi+m` Rd^`m} _d lp`noj N`bij) lp\g` njoo`ii` \ pgodhj O`oo`h]m` _`g h`_`hj \iij .243+ A k`m^c} i`gg\ _`oo\ bm\_\ qd `m\ pi\ kjmo\ ` a`i`nom\ _`gg` ^\n` _`gg\ Odb+m\ Hdqd\ ?\no\g_j) lp\g` no\q\ij \ g\oj _d _`oo\ bm\_\) ap _d ]dnjbij om\oo\m \^^jm_j ^ji _`oo\ Odb+m\) `o k`m `nn\ ^ji dg Odb+m` I\m^+ =po+ ?\no\g_j) npj ` opojm`) ^jh` di `aa`ooj n`bpÅ) W+++Y) ` kjd^c} _`oo\ \^^jh\_\odji` _d bm\_` \kkjmo\q\ \i^j podg` \gg` ^\n` _d _`oo\ Odb+m\ Hdqd\) h`_d\io` _`^m`oj _`g h`_`hj N`b+dj ?jindbg+m` ap ^ji_\ii\oj _`ooj I\m^+ =po+ \ k\b\m` \ _`ood NN+ LL+ _+ .-- k`m np]nd_dj _`gg\ a\]]md^\) ^c` j^^jmm`q\ `o \i^j ^c` qd apnn` n`mm\o\ g\ kjmo\ np__`oo\ ^c` no\q\ _`iomj _`oo` bm\_`+ A k`m^c} i`gg` h`_`h` bm\_`) n`p njooj _d `nn`) qd `m\ pi\ bmjoo\) lp`gô`m\ _d I\m^`ggj B`mm\djgj) ap \i^c` i`^`nn\mdj om\oo\mqd \^^jm_j ^ji _`ooj I\m^`ggj o\ioj di npj ijh`) lp\ioj di ijh`) \ k\mo`) `o ^jh` k\_m`) `o g`bdoodhj \_hdidnom\ojm` _d @d\i\ `o =ib`gj B`mm\djgj np` adbgd`) lp\g` \i^j n`bpÅ %+++&+

B+04+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q ^ ' J _ ] ] Q c Ä7 ^ YU \\_ < U bbU dd_ U 8 U Q dbYS U C Q\& VYdQ ^ Q ` U b T ' 00) î+ "+ , &/ &* . 0 1 #' Qi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di kdá) ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`* mdjmd dpno\ di lp`no\ ?doo{) ` kmjkmd} i`g qd^j _`ooj _d O\i L\jgj _d J\kjgd dpno\ g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\) dpno\ g ô\gom` ^\n`) `od\h ^jhkm\o` k`m _`ood LL+ _\g l+ Cdj7 =ibmdn\ij) dpno\ dg g\mbj) ` bm\_` kd^^jg` _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\) `o \gomd ^jiadid+

B+1.+ ì 9 QcQ W bQ ^ T U S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \ I ` dU ' F b U c YT U ^ dU C Q bS U\\_ T U C Q e b_ ` U b T ' , . ) ) î+ "+ . &/ &* . 1 ) &+ %+++& k`m `aa`ooj _d a\m` pi\ nom\_\ _\gg\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Iji* o\bi\ \gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\+ Qi\ ^\n\ bm\i_` ^jindno`io` di kdá ` _dq`mnd h`h]md dia`mdjmd ` npk`mdjmd) ndo\ di lp`no\ ?doo{ ` kmjkmd` i`gg\ m`bbdji` _d _`ooj O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) dpno\ g\ _`oo\ ijnom\ ?cd`n\) dpno\ g\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O\io\ ?mj^` `o \gomd ^jiadid8 W+++Y+ Ki_` gd _`ood ijnomd L\_md iji c\q`i_j _`i\mj k`m nj__dna\m` gd np__`ood _+ 02-- ` q`i`i_j opoo\ _`oo\ ^\n\ iji `nn`m i`^`nn\md\ k`m ajmh\m g\ np__`oo\ nom\_\ _\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ \gg\ _`oo\

.01

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

?cd`n\) k`mgj ^c` om\oo\mij q`i_`mi` k\mo` _d `nn\8 ` ^jnÅ q`i_`m\d \ @`odj Kgdhkdj opoo\ lp`gg\ k\mo` ^c` no\q\ _\gg\ k\mo` _`gg\ nom\_\ h\`nom\ k`m dg km`uuj _d _+ /---+ Ao g ô\gom\ k\mo` hjgoj kd^^jg\ ^c` m`noÖ pido\ ^ji g\ njkm\__`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _d O\io\ ?mj^`) ` g\ ijnom\ ^\n\ _d O\i L\jgj aá q`i_po\ \ @jhdodj _` J\md k`m dg km`uuj _d _+ 4--+ Ao \gomj kj^j _d lp`no\ ^\n\) ^c` no\q\ i`ggôpgodhj _d `nn\) ap ^ji^`nn\ \ Ld`omj k\jgj _` J\md %+++&+ Ao _d opoo\ g\ m`no\io` k\mo` _d `nn\ pi\ k\mod^`gg\ n` i` ^\h]dÖ ^ji Cd\^jhj Lmp_`io` ^jh` ^jiom\ nd _dm{8 ` opoo\ g ô\gom\ m`no\io` n` i` ajmhÖ nom\_\) `o pi kj^j _d g\mbc`ooj \q\iod g\ ?cd`n\ np__`oo\ _\gg\ k\mo` _d _`oo\ nom\_\+ B+10+ ì 9 Q ] R Y_ VQ dd_ db Q \Q ^ _ cdbQ L U ^ T U 9 QcQ U = Y_ 3 = YQ S_ ] _ F b e & T U ^ dU T Y e ^ Q ` Q b dU T Y SQcU Q T Y^ f YS U ] î+ "+ / &. &* . 1 ) #' Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`bjg\md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o k`m `nnd dg _+ Cdj7 Bm\i+^j _` Ljio` i`ggô\iij .25- _jq`i_j adidm` _d ajm* h\m` g\ ipjq\ nom\_\ _\gg\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ \gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\) `o `nn`i_j ]dnjbij _d pi\ k\mo` _`gg` ^\n` _d Cdj7 Cd\^jhj Lmp_`io` ndo` di _`oo\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) dpno\ g ô\io`n^mdoo\ ^\n\ _d ^jhk+o\ _\g I\m^`ggj _` I\pmj) g\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ ?mj^`) `o \gomd ^jiadid) lp\g` k\mo` ^jindno`q\ di npjgj _d k\ghd n`_d^d _d g\m* bc`uu\) `o k\ghd _d^`jooj) ` lp\nd om` _d gpibc`uu\) i`g lp\g` npjgj nd `m\id `_dad^\od ^dilp` h`h]md _d _`oo\ ?\n\+ L`mgj ^c` _`ooj @+ Cdj7 Bm\i+^j di ijh` _d _`ood LL+ q`ii`mj di \^^jm_j ^ji _`ooj Cdj7 Cd\^jhj Lmp_`io`) `o di ^\h]dj _`g np__`ooj npjgj) nd ^jin`biÖ ^jindhdg lp\iodo{ _d k\ghd n`_d^d _d g\mbc`uu\ ` k\ghd _d^djooj 0 ,1 _d gpibc`uu\ _`gg` \io`n^mdoo` ^\n` %+++& _d I\m^`ggj _d I\pmj) qd^dij g\ m`no\io` k\mo` _`gg` _`oo` ^\n` _d Cdj7 Cd\^jhj np_* _`ooj8 %+++& `nnj @+ Cdj7 Bm\i+^j di ijh` _d _`ood LL+ ^jin`biÖ `o \nn`biÖ \ _`ooj Cdj7 Cd\^jhj \gomd k\ghd .1 `o k\ghdo`ggd .. ^jiodbpd \ggd njkm\__`ood k\ghd .5 0 ,1 po npkm\ `od\h \nn`bi\o`gd+

B+14+ Q 9 Q ` ` U \\Q T Y I ' 9 b_ SU S_^ SUccQ Q \\Q ^ _ cdbQ L U \U 9 QcQ T Y I' F Q _ \_ î+ "* 2 &/ &* . 2 / #'

Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`b+md _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj _d J\kjgd qjg`i_j \hkgd\m` g\ gjmj q`i`g` ?\n\) n`p Iji\no`mj) `o a\m` di `nn\ pi ?g\pnomj) ` q`i`i_j ^dÖ dhk`_doj _\gg\ ?cd`n\) n`p ?\kk`gg\ _d O+ ?mj^` _`gg\ N`bdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) _jq` qd `m\ pi\ ?jhk\bid\

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.02

_d k`mnji` nkdmdop\gd diodojg\o\ g\ ?jhk\bid\ _`g ?jiajmoj) lp\g` nô`n`m* ^do\q\ di np]q`idm`) \ n`mqdm` gd kjq`md dia`mhd _`ggôDjnkoj _`ggôEi^j* mji\]dgd) lp\g` \i^j nô`m\ pido\ ^ji g ôDjm\ojmdj _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj+ Ki_` _`ood NN+ LL+ i`ggô\iij .263 c\q`i_j joo`ipoj dg ^ji* n`inj `o ^jio`io\h+oj _`g J+N+ =]]\o` Cdj7 >\oodno\ Lmdbi`ooj >`i`* ad^d\mdj _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ np__`oo\ i` _d`mij h`hjmd\g` \ggôAhdi+hj Odb+ ?\m_doj C`np\g_j =m^dq`n^jqj J\k+ij _jq` `nkjn`mj dg ]dnjbij) ^c` `nnd LL+ ]\q\ij _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ np__`oo\ k`m gj ^c` n` g` apnnn` ^ji^`n\ no\io` dg ?jio`io\h+oj po npkm\ joo`ipoj+ L`mgj^c} k`m _`ooj Ahdi+hj Odb+ ?\m_doj aá _`^m`o\oj) ^c` %+++& lp`gg\ nd apnn` ^ji^`_po\ \ _`ood NN+ LL+ _d O+ L\jgj k`m gjmj pnj) ` ^jhj_do{) ^jh` _\g _`ooj _`^m`oj _\oj k`m _`ooj Ahdi+hj { .6 Cdpbij .263+ W+++Y+ Ao { 3 Hpbgdj _`g I`_`hj \iij .263 k`m dg N+L+@+ Ld`omj =ioj* idj C\mb\ij Lm`kjndoj _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj nd km`n`) dg q`mj) m`\g`) ` ^jmkjm\g` kjnn`nnj _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ np__`oo\ _d O+ ?mj^` ^jiodbp\ \ggj _`ooj gjmj Iji\n+mj %+++&+ B+3.+ Q' 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q I S Y` Y_ ^ U C _ ^ Q S_ ` U b T ' / . ) î+ "* . &. &* / ) 1 #' H\ ijnom\ R`i`g` ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm` _d J\k+ _`d ?g+^d N`bjg\md `o k`m `nn\ dg N+L+@+ =g`nn\i_mj C\mb\ij Lm`kjndoj) `o \gomd LL+ ?\kdopg\mdo`m ?jibm`b\od ^jhkmjmij i`ggô\iij .3-5 _\g @d Bdnd^j O^dkdji` Iji\^j %+++& pi\ ^\n\ ^jindno`io` di n`oo` h`h]md dia`mdjmd) ` npk`mdjmd) ^ji no\gg\) _p` ^\iodi`) `o \gom` ^jhj_do{) ndo\ di lp`no\ ^doo{) `o kmjkmd` i`gg\ N`bbdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) `o kmjkmd` _`iomj dg api_\^j _` ?`^di`ggd) dpno\ g\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) dpno\ gd ]`id _`g* gô`m`_d _d b+h+ I\m^`ggj B`mm\djgj) dpno\ g ô\gomd ]`id _d _`ood NN+ LL+) g\ qd\ kp]gd^\) `o \gomd ^jiadid+ W+++Y+ W+++Y k\mo` _`gg\ lp\g` ^\n\ `nn`i_jnd k`m _`ood LL+ _dmj^^\o\ k`m a\m nom\_\ _\gg\ _`oo\ k\mo` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\ \gg\ _`oo\ kjmo\ kd^* ^jg\ _`gg\ ?cd`n\8 `o dg m`no\io` ap q`i_po\ \ _`ooj O^dkdji` %+++&+ Ao kjd di _`ooj \iij .3-5 _`ood L+L+ c\q`i_j _d lp`gg\ ]dnjbij k`m ajmh\m` dg g\mbj \q\iod _`oo\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ di _`oo\ nom\_\) lp`gg\ md^jh* kmÖ _\g _`ooj O^dkdji` %+++&+

W+++Y+

B+32+ ì 9 QcQ S _ ] ` bQ dQ T Q \ ? \\'_ C Q bS X U cU T Y C Q \YW ^ Q ^ _ : ' < U bT Y^ Q ^ T _ C U T YS Y ` U b T ' , - ) ) î+ "* . &, &* / + . #' Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ _`gg\ R`i`g` ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj i`ggô\iij .3/1 qjg`i_j di _`oo\ ?cd`n\ ajmh\m` pi\ ?\kk`gg\ k\mod^jg\m` k`m q`i`*

.03

K>G:MH E:F ;B:L>

m\odji` _`g i+mj >+ =i_m`\ ^ji `nkji`mqd di ?\n\ dg npj O\ioj ?jmkj) k`mgj _`gd]`mjmij lp`gg\ a\m` _jqô`m\ g\ ^\n\ _`ggôEgg+j @+ B`m_di\i_j I`_d^d I\m^c`n` _d I\gdbi\ij jgdm{ _`ggôEgg+j I\m^c`n` _d ?\nn\ij+ Mp\g` ?\n\ iji qjg`i_jnd q`i_`m` k`m _`ooj Egg+j I\m^c`n` _d I\mdbi\ij aphj ^jnom`ood `nnd NN+ LL+ Lm`n`io\mi` dno\iu\ \q\iod \g N`b+ ?jindbg+ O^dkdji` >jidoj gjmj @`g`b\oj di ]\in\ _d O^\^^d\q`ioj) _jq` `nkjn`mj dg ]dnjbij km`^dnj ^c` c\q`q\ij _`gg\ ^\n\ np__`oo\) k`mgj^c} apnn` ^ji_\ii\oj _`ooj Egg+j I\m^c`n`) kjnn`nnjm` _d `nn\ \gg\ m`g\nn\odji` \ ]`i`ad^dj _d `nnd N N L L +) ` pido` g` k\mod) ` ^\h]di\ojnd dg kmj^`nnj) ` a\oojnd hjgod \ood) pgodh\h`io` ap ^ji_\ii\oj _`ooj Egg+hj I\m^c`n` _d I\mdbi\ij \gg\ m`g\nn\odji` _`gg\ ^\n\ np_`oo\ \ ]`i`ad^dj _d _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj k`m \hkgd\odji` _d `nn\ km`qdj dpnoj \kkm`odj h`* _d\io` n`io`iu\ _`gg\ O+N+?+ m`a`m`io` _`ooj N`b+ ?jindbgd`mÖ gjmj _`g`b\oj+

W+++Y+

B+36+ Q : e U SQcU e ^ YdU Q ccYU ] U 9 _ ] ` bQ dU T Q I _ b C Q bYQ ; \U^ Q % U d I _ b C Q bYQ ; W U ddYQ S Q < U bbQ Y_ \_ ` U b T ' * 0 1 . î+ ". &/ &* / + . #' Hd ijnomd NN+ LL+ _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm` _d J\kjgd i`ggô\iij .3/2 ^jhkmjhj _\ Ojm I\md\ Ag`i\) `o Ojm I\md\ Ab`ood\^\ B`mm\djgj njm`gg` Iji\^c` _`g Iji\n+mj _d O\io\ I\md\ _`gg\ ?ji^`o* odji` _p` ^\n` pi\ ^jiodbp\ \ggô\gom\ ^jindno`iodij di om` \kk\mo\h`iod _dqdnd) `o di ^d\n^c`_pij _d `nnd g\ np\ kjmo\) ` bm\_\ n`k\m\o\) ndo` di lp`no\ ^doo{ _`gg\ N`bbdji` _d O`bbdj _d Ijio\bi\) `o kmjkmd` i`g api* _\^j _`ooj _` ?d^di`ggd ^jiodbp\ \gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o dpno\ g ô\gom` ^\n` _d Cdj7 =io+j B`mm\djgj) `o \gomd ^jiadid+

W+++Y+

@`ood ijnomd NN+ LL+ ?g+^d N`b+md qjg`i_j \hkgd\m` g\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) `o a\m` di `nn` \g^pi` ^\kk`gg` c\q`q\ij nom`oodnndhj ]dnjbij _d `g`oo` ^\n` np_`oo`) ^jhô\i^j _`gg` _`oo` _`g _`ooj Cdj7 =io+ B`mm\djgj ^jiodbp`8 lp\g` iji qjg`i_jnd q`i_`m` k`m gd np_`od kjnn`nnjmd) apmjij ^jnom`ood `nnd NN+ LL+ ?jhkzm`h` \q\iod dg N`b+ ?jindbg+ @+ O^dkdji` Njhdoj gjmj _`g\b\oj %+++&+

I : M K B F H G B H > < < E > L B : L M B < H ( ? : L < BH 2 - , < QcSY_ 1 , + (* 1 * 2

J\kjgd) .. C`ii\ej .5.6 Ididnomj _d Oo\oj _`bgd =aa\md A^^g`nd\nod^d+

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.04

A^^`gg`iu\ =q`i_j dj a\ooj km`n`io` \g N` g` npkkgd^c` _`g L+ C`i`m\g` _`d P`\odid ` g` jnn`mq\udjid _`gg\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj m`g\odq` \gg\ i`^`nndo{ _d _\mnd \ dep~ N`gdbdjnd) mdno\]dgdod di J\kjgd i`g gjmj \iod^j Ijidno`mj _d O+ L\jgj) _dq`mn` jaad^di` _d lp`g gj^\g` \nn`* bi\oj bd{ \g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\) O+I+ i`g ^jindbgdj _`g km`n`io` bdjmij nd ~ _`bi\o\ _d jm_di\m` ^c` nd m`nodopdn^\ij \d _`ood m`gdbdjnd g\ ^p^di\) dg ajmij ` g\ ^\iodi\ _`d lp\gd i`g gj^\g` np__`ooj omjq\nd di kjnn`nnj _`g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\ _\i_jnd \ lp`noj no\]dgdh`ioj dg ^jhk`inj ^jmmdnkji_`io` _\gg\ I\nn\ _`g L\omdhjidj N`bjg\m`+ Eg ^c` i`g %+++& k\mo`^dkj \ R+A+ k`m^c} n`mq\ _d dio`ggdb`iu\ \gg\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj km`q`i`i_jg\ _d diq`mnj ^jhpid^\o\ \g Ojqm\i\ _`o`mhdi\udji` \g Ididnomj _d Oo\oj _`bgd =aa\md Eio`mid k`m g ô\_`hkd* h`ioj i`gg\ k\mo` ^c` gj mdbp\m_\+ Om ?jindbgd`m` ` O`bm`o\mdj _d Oo\oj I\m^c`n` Pjhh\nd) N`bdj ?jhhdnn\mdj An`^pojm` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+

< QcSY_ 1 , + (* 1 * 2

J\kjgd /4,-6,.5.6 =gg\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+ Pm\ g\ ?\n\ _d Ojqm\ij ?jh\i_j ^`_po` \g ijnomj Ijio` _d Id* n`md^jm_d\ _\gg\ N`\g ?\nn\ _d =hhjmoduu\udji` di ^jioj _~ kmjh`nnd ^jhk`ind qd apmjij d n`bp`iod ^`nkdod ^dj~ dg ajmij) g\ ^p^di\ ` g\ ^\i* odi\ ^c` kmd\ a\^`\i k\mo` _`ggô\iod^j Ijidno`mj _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`+ @jkj g\ N`kmdnodi\udji` _`ggôKm_di` P`\odij d NN+LL+ ^cd`n`mj \gg\ I+O+ g\ m`nodopudji` _d o\gd h`h]md k`m^c} din`k\m\]dgd _\g Ijidno`mj \iud* _`ooj ` k`m^c} di_dnk`in\]dgh`iod i`^`nn\me+ P\gd npkkgd^c` h`mdo\ij g\ Ojqm\i\ _`bi\udji`) ^jnd^c} ndi _\g /0 C`ii\dj \iij ^jmm`io` ^jgg\ Ididno`md\g` _d OFH+ dg Odbijm Ididnomj _`bgd =aa\md Eio`mid i` ap jm_d* i\o\ g\ m`nodopudji` ` i`ggôdno`nnj o`hkj ap km`n^mdooj ^c` _\ojnd apnn` \ggj no\]dgdh`ioj g ô`lpdq\g`io` ^jhk`inj npgg\ I\nn\ _`g L\omdhjidj N`bj* g\m` m`nodopdoj+ Km\ \q`i_j ijd di `n`^pudji` _~ Ojqm\id ?jh\i_d dh* h\iodi`iod \_`hkdoj \gg\ jm_di\o\ m`nodopudji` _~ njkm\ \^^`ii\od ^`nkdod _\d lp\gd nd mdom\`q\ k`m ^\pn\ _d \aa`ooj g ô\iip\ m`i_do\ _d _p^\od .-gjm_\ _d aji_d\md\) lpdi_d ~ ^c` km`bcd\hj g\ mdnk`oo\]dg` ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj ^ji^cdpnj om\ O+I+ ` g\ O\io\ O`_` \_ \^^jm*

.05

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

_\m` \ggj Oo\]dgdh`ioj g ô`lpdq\g`io` ^jhk`inj ^jgg\ ^`nndji` _d ]`id d kdá qd^did \ lp`no\ ?doo{ ` _d a\^dg` `_ di_p]do\o\ `n\udji`+ Eg Cjq`mij _`g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\+

< Q cSY_ 1 , + (* 1 * 2

J\kjgd jooj]m` .5.6 =ggô=go\ ?jhhdnndji` k`m g\ A`^pudji` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+ L\nnd\hj \ggôdio`ggdb`iu\ _d ^j_`no\ np]gdh` ?jhhdnndji`) ^c` dg k\b\h`ioj _d _+ 1-- jm_di\oj^d ^jg mdnk`oo\]dg` ajbgdj _`g Ej \i_\io` Jâ 134) nd ~ `n`bpdoj ^ji pi\ kÑgdu\ _d >\i^j \g L+ C`i`m\g` _~ P`\odid) k`m g` mdk\m\udjid ]dnjbi\iod \g Jjqdud\oj _d O+ L\jgj+ ?jhhdnndji` Idno\ =hhdidnom\omd^` _`g L\omdhjidj N`bjg\m`+

< Q cSY_ 1 , + (* 1 * 2

J\kjgd .5 @`^]m` .5.6 =ggô=go\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+ Odbi A h j `_ A^^+hj ?jg q`i`m\oj ajbgdj _`bgd .. jooj]m` Jâ 16- ap _dnkjnoj ^c` k`m g\ m`nodopudji` _`gg` jaad^di` ^jhkm`n` i`g gj^\g` _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm` _d J\kjgd a\oo\ \ lp~ P`\odid _\g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\ ajnn` no\oj \^^jm_\oj \g n`^ji_j pi ^jhk`inj `lpdq\g`io` _d ^`nkdod _`g L\omdhjidj N`bjg\m` _ji_` aphhj di^\md^\od km`i_`m ^cd\m\ ^jbidudji` _`ggô`aa`oodqj q\gjm` _d ndaa\oo` jaad^di`+ Jjnomd jaad^e _dm`ood lpdi_d \gg\ ?\nn\ _d =hhjmoduu\udji` \g Odb+ Ldioj L+ C`i`m\g` _~ P`\odid) `_ { Odb+ Cj* q`mi\ojmd _d _`ooj Ijio`) h`m^} d _d gjmj mdn^jiomd ^d c\iij h`nnj \ bdjmij `nn`m` g` jaad^di` ^jh` n`bp`7 ñ ?jmodg` Jâ .- k`m pnj _d ajmij8 ñ O`^ji_\ kjmo\ ^ji lp\oomj qpjod ^ji_p^` ]j^^c` _d ajmij8 ñ P`mu\ kjmo\ _ji_` nd _dn^`i_` di dh\ ^\iodi\8 ñ Lmdh\ kjmo\ \ ndidnom\ i`g ^jmodg` _\gg\ lp\g` nd \n^`i_` \g* g ô\iod^p^di\ _d ^j_`noj Iji\no`mj8 ñ O`^ji_j ]\nnj ^ji kjmo`gg\ _d kjuuj8 ñ Mp\oomj kd^^jg` \k`mopm` ^ji ^\iodi\8 ñ R\ij _d kjmo\ di o`no\) _ji_` nd ^\g\ di dh\ ^\iodi\ ` ^c` no\iij \aadoo\o` k`m _p^\od .--+

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.06

E Cjq`mi\ojmd \iud_`ood c\iij kpm` _d^cd\m\oj i`g ajbgdj _~ 6 \i* _\io` Jâ 1. `nn`m` ^jio`iod _d \q`m` pi\ dn^mdudji` npg Cm\i Hd]mj _`g L\omdhjidj N`bjg\m` k`m g ô\iip\ m`i_do\ i`oo\ _d _p^\od 62) lp\iod \g kmj_jooj `aa`oodqj _`gg` `ipi^d\o` jaad^di`) jnnd\ _p^\od .-- _d kdbbdji` _`_jood dg lp\moj) n`^ji_j dg ^jnoph` k`m a\qjmdm` g` \iip` md\oo\udjid+ ?dÖ `nn`i_j ^jinjij \gg` q`_po` _d ^j_`no\ np]gdh` ?jhh+i` ijd km`* bcd\hj \^^jm_\m` a\^jgo{ _d a\mn`i` dg ^jmmdnkji_`io` om\na`mdh`ioj \ kmj _`g md_`ooj Ijio`8 ]`inÅ nd\ij \ nk`^dad^\m` ^c` nd^^jh` g ô\aadoo\ojm` \iud_`ooj Ijn^dij k\bÖ dg kdbbdji` _`gg` jaad^di` \g h`_`ndhj Ijio` ndij \g 1 C`ii\mj _d lp`noô\iij) n`^ji_j ^d \nnd^pm\ dg ijhdi\oj L+ C+g` Ldioj di np\ _`g .0 \i_\io` ^jnÅ _\g bdjmij 2 C`ii\mj np__`ooj g\ m`i_do\ _d _p^\od 62 _ô`n`^pudji` _`^jmm`m _`q` \ a\qjm` _`g mdk`opoj Ijio`+ ?jhhdnndji` Idno\ =hhdidnom\omd^` _`g L\omdhjidj A^^g`nd\nod^j N`bjg\m`+

< QcSY_ 1 , + (* 1 + )

J\kjgd 2 Kooj]m` .5/=bgd An`^pojmd _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+ Eg L\_m` Jd^jgÖ I\uu\ Lm`kjndoj _~ ?cd`md^d N`bjg\md _d O\i L\jgj I\bbdjm` _d J\kjgd `nkji`i_j _d `nn`m` ^\_`io` g\ njaadoo\ _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d lp`gg\ mdkmdnodi\o\ ?\n\ m`gdbdjn\ _jh\i_\ d h`uud ji_` kmjn`bpdm` g` mdk\m\udjid ^c` apmjij diom\km`n` _\g ^jmkj _d ^doo{) ` njnk`n` _jkj g\ mdkmdnodi\udji` _`gg\ _`oo\ ?\n\ N`gdbdjn\) g\ _d ^pd m`i_do\ \oop\g`) n`^ji_j ^c` dg md^jmm`io` \nn`mdn^`) iji ~ npaad^d`io` \ a\m amjio` \_ pi o\g` `ndoj+ Ann`i_j \ ^pm\ _`g L\omdhjidj N`bjg\m` dg kmjqq`_`m` \gg` mdk\m\udjid _`d gj^\gd) ` ^cd`n` _`gg` ^\n` m`gdbdjn`) ^c` q`ibjij mdkmd* nodi\o`) g` mdh`ooj g\ npkkgd^\ _`g _`ooj L+ I\uu\) k`m^c} g\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj nd n`mq\ a\mi` g ôpnj ^jiq`id`io`+ Ididno`mj _d Oo\oj _`bgd \aa\md A^^g`nd\nod^d+

< QcSY_ 1 , + (* 1 + *

J\kjgd 0 h\muj .5/. =ggô=go\ ?jhhdnndji` An`^pomd^` _`g ?ji^jm_\oj+ A^^`gg`iodnndhd Odb+md+ =]]d\hj g ôjijm` _d \^^gp_`m` ^jkd\ _`g m\kkjmoj _`ggô\m^cdo`ooj Odb+m`

.1-

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

Cm\nnd _dm`ooj^d bdpno\ ijnomj di^\md^j npgg` mdk\m\udjid j^^jmm`iod \gg\ njaadoo\ _`g P`hkdj _d O\i L\jgj I\b+m` _d lp`no\ ?\kdo\g`7 ` ^dÖ di j]]`_d`iu\ _`gg\ %+++& a\oo\ ^jg gjmj km`bd\oj ajbgdj _`ô .1 %+++& pgodhj+ ?d \nk`ood\hj lpdi_d gd jm\^jgd _`ggôAA+HH+ npggôjbb`ooj+ ?jhh+ Idno\ =hhdidnom\omd^` _`g L\omdhjidj A^^g`nd\nod^j N`* bjg\m`+

9 _ ` YQ T U \ bQ ` ` _ bd_ T U \\!7 b S X YdU dd_ = bQccY'

J\kjgd ./ a`]]m\dj .5/.+ Ei \_`hkdh`ioj _d lp\ioj hd qd`i` dhkjnoj ^jg q`i`m\oj ajbgdj _d ^j_`no\ mdnk`oo\]dg` ?jhhdnndji` di _\o\ .5 _`g k+k+ h`n` _d ijq`h* ]m` ^jg lp\g` nd ]`idbid\ _d \aad_\m` \ h` lpd njoojn^mdooj g ô`n\h` _`ggj no\oj \oop\g` _`gg\ njaadoo\ _`g o`hkdj _d O\i L\jgj I\b+m` _~ ?cd`md^d N`bjg\md _d ^j_`no\ ?\kdo\g` ` g ôdi^\md^j _d kmjkjmm` d h`uud j^^jmm`iod \g npj mdno\pmj) iji cj h\i^\oj _d np]doj m`^\mhd npg gpjbj \_ `aa`ooj _d jnn`mq\iu\) ^jgg\ _jqpo\ \^^pm\o`uu\ g\ njaadoo\ np__`oo\+ =q`i_j di n`bpdoj ]`i kdá qjgo`) ` ^ji g ô\nndno`iu\ _`g Opk`mdjm`) ` L\_md _d lp`g Iji\no`mj) m`kgd^\o` g` hd` bdo` njooj \g o`ooj _d ^jq`mopm\ \gg\ np_* _`oo\ njaadoo\) ` a\oo` q\md` kmjq` k`m md^jijn^`m` dg hj_j ^jh` ~ g\ h`_`ndh\ ^jnompdo\) ` g\ q`m\ ^\pn\ _`g npj _`o`mdjm\h`ioj) cj ajmh\oj dg km`n`io` m\kkjmoj) ^c` hd _j g ôjijm` _d m\nn`bi\m` \gg` HH+OO+ Eggph+` di mdn^jiomj _`g _d gjmj km`gj_\oj _ôjaad^dj+ H\ i\q\o\ h\bbdjm` _`g _`ooj P`hkdj+++

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< QcSY_ 2 . , ^ b' -

Oo\oj b`i`m\g` _`d Iji\no`md Ojkkm`nnd) ^jgg\ _`n^mdudji` _d lp`d gj^\gd ^c` njij \i^jm\ _dnkjid]dgd ` njooj g ôdnk`udji` _`gg\ ?\nn\ _d =hhjmodu* u\udji`+ Iji\no`mj _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`+ @\o\ _`gg\ njkkm`nndji`7 4 \b+oj .5-6+ @`n^mdudji`7 H\ ?cd`n\ dind`h` ^jgg\ O\bmdnod\ ~ \__`oo\ \g n`m* qdudj _`g ?pgoj+ Eg gj^\g` _`g Iji\no`mj nd ^jhkji` _d _p` ?cdjnomd

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.1.

^ji no\iu` o`mm\i`` \__`oo` \g ?jmkj _d Cp\m_d\ _`gg\ Cp\m_d\ _d Od^p* m`uu\ ` O^pjg` Lmdh\md`+ Ej kd\ij _d .5 no\iu`) m`a`oojmdj) ^p^di\) ?\kdojgj `_ \gomd ^jhj_d+ /â kd\ij _d 1/ no\iu`) ^jmmd_jdd) ^\kk`gg`+ 0â kd\ij _`ooj J\qdud\oj _d .5 no\iu`) >d]gdjo`^\) ` _p` ^jibm`b\udjid _` ?\q\gd`md ` _`bgd Km`ad^d+ W+++Y+

< QcSY_ 2 . ,

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Oo\od _d q`mdad^\ _~ gj^\gd _` Iji\no`md Ojkkm`nnd+ Iji+ _d O\i L\jgj I\bbdjm` ndoj nom\_\ O\i L\jgj iâ .1 %Ndkmdnodi\oj&+ Lmdhj ^cdjnomj ^jindno`io` di pi ^\h`mji`) no\iu`oo` ` _p` ^\h`m`) lp`no` q`ibjij j^^pk\o` _\gg\ bp\m_d\ _d nd^pm`uu\ dio`mi\ _`g lp\mod`m`+ Lmdhj kd\ij npgg\ _mdoo\ qd nd m`bb` g ôKm\ojmdj _` ?\q\gd`md) _dmdhk`ooj \gg\ no`nn\ qd njij g` no\iu` _dqdn` k`m n`mqdudj _`gg\ _`oo\ bp\m_d\ _d nd^pm`uu\+ Qi\ \]do\o\ _\g Odb+m` ?dmd^^j Idgj L\`n\ij dqd diompnj+ Qi\ k`m pnj _`ggô=m^cdqdj _d _`ooj Km\ojmdj _` ?\q\gd`md+ Qi\ _\ C\nk\m` C\`o\ij \i^c` diompnj+ Pm` j^^pk\o` _\ _p` n`mq`iod `_ dg bdp]dg\oj kjm* odi\dj _`g Iji\no`mj+ Qi\ k`m pnj _d ^p^di\ ^jhpi`) adi\gh`io` _p` q`ibjij n`k\m\o\h`io` _\ _p` g\d^d njkkm`nnd _d _`ooj Iji\no`mj+ Ojm* o`i_j _\g ^jmmd_`ooj qd ~ pi\ no\iu\ ^c` nkjmb` di ?cd`n\) ` nd j^^pk\ _\ \gomj g\d^j _d _`ooj Iji\no`mj+ Qi lp\modij _d om` no\iu` qd`i` \]do\oj _\g L+ @+ B`m_di\i_j Ldbi\o`ggd `s P`\odij+ =gg\ ndidnom\ _`g h`_`ndhj _p` no\iu` k`m pnj _`gg\ bp\m_d\ _d nd^pm`uu\ k`m \]]dbgd\* h`ioj `_ \mh`md\+ Qi\ no\iu\ _d gpjbj dhhji_j k`m pnj ^jhpi`+ Qi\ no\iu\ \]do\o\ _\g n\^`m_jo` @+ @jh`id^j @d\i\ ^ji jm_di` _`gg\ hpid^dk\gdo{+ =gom\ _\g %+++& N\aa\`g` `s ^mj^da`mj ^ji jm_di`+ =gom\ _\ @+ Cdj7 B`mm\io` diompnj+ =gom\ k`m pnj _d ^p^di\ ^jhpi`) ` adi\g* h`io` dh\ j^^pk\o\ _\ pi g\d^j _d _`ooj njkkm`nnj Iji\no`mj+ O`^ji_j kd\ij+ ?jmmd_jdj \ ndidnom\) pi\ no\iu\ k`m pnj _d gpjbj dhhji_j+ =gom\ \]do\o\ _\ @+ B`gd^` B`mm\epjgj km\od^j h`_d^j n`^jg\m`) ^ji jm_di` _d _`oo\ hpid^dk\gdo{+ =gom\ _\ L+ Rdjg\ `s @jh`id^\ij ^ji _`ooj jm_di`+ =gom\ _\g Odb+m` ?\ijid^j @+ =iojidj Ijiajmo` ?\pmdoj) ^ji _`ooj jm_di`+ =gom\ _\ @+ O\iudj I\go`n` ^ji _`ooj jm_di`+ Qi\ k`m pnj _d ^jm`ooj+ Qi\ _\ pi g\d^j P`\odij) ` adi\gh`io` dh\ _\ L+ Ldioj `s m`gdbdjnj _d _`ooj Iji\no`mj+ Ei amjio` qd ~ pi \kk\mo\h`ioj ^c` nd \]do\ _`ggô`s b`i`m\g` _`g _`ooj Iji\no`mj+ ?jmmd_jej \ _mdoo\+ Eg kmdhj lp\modij qd`i` \]do\oj _\ggô\]]\o` ?g`h`io` ^ji npj idkjo` I\m^c`n` _d O\i Hp^\+ Qi\ no\iu\ _\ggô`s ?\h\i_jg`n` L+ Okdi`ggd+ =gom\ _\ggô`s ?`g`nodij L+ O\gju\m+ Qi\ _\ggô`s ?mj^da`mj L+ ?jkkjg\+ @p` _\ pi g\d^j `_ pi L+ P`\odij

.1/

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

_dqdn\h`io`) `_ pi ^\h`mji` _\ Odb+md ?\nduud nop_`iod dqd diompnd+ Qi\ _\ggô`s @jh`id^\ij L+ Ld`omj+ Qi\ _\ggô`s P`m`nd\ij L+ ?\mgj Bdjmdggj) ` adi\gh`io` n`d no\iu` _dqdn\h`io` \]do\o` _\ n`d k+ P`\odid) di^gpnjqd dg ^pnoj_` _d _`ooj gj^\g` ` N`oojm` _`gg\ ?cd`n\ L+ ?\mgj I`cja`mo+ ?jmmd_jej _`ooj _d O\ioô=i_m`\+ Qi\ no\iu\ _\ Bm\i^`n^j O\q`mdj P\ibm`_d ^ji jm_di`+ =gom\ _\ C`ii\mj _\ I\m`n^j dqd h`nnj _\g ?\q+ L\b\ij n`in\ dio`ggdb`iu\ \g^pi\ _`g ^pnoj_`) \gom\ k`m gpjbj dhhji_j ^jhpi`) ` _p` ^ji _p` no\iudid _dmdhk`ooj n`k\m\o\h`io` nd \]do\ij _\ _p` L+ P`\odid+ ?jmmd_jdj i`g ^jmodg` dio`mij+ Qi\ no\iu\ nd \]do\ _\ggô`s @jh`id^\ij ?jmm`n`+ =gom\ _\ggô`s jgdq`o\ij L+ ?cd\e\aa\) ` ^dilp` no\iu` \]do\o` _\ ^dilp` L+ P`\odid+ Op _`ooj ^jmmd_jej pi\ kd^^jg\ _dnk`in\ k`m pnj _d _`ood `s L\_md ` kjd pi ^jmmd_jm`ooj ^cd\h\oj _~ ?\g\]m`nd) i`g lp\g`) lp\oomj no\iudid qpjod) `_ dg mdh\i`io` di iph`mj lp\oomj no\iu` _\ _p` `s P`\odid+ Qi\ no\iu\ k`m pnj _d gpjbj dhhji_j) lp\oomj \gom` no\iu`) _p` _`gg` lp\gd \__`oo` k`m pnj _d ]\bid) ` _p` k`m _dnk`in\ \_ pnj _d _`ood `s L\_md+ ?jmodg` dio`mij+ Qi g\oj ^jhkji`q\ g ô\iod^j o`\omj) k`m pnj _` _`ood `s L\_md) jm\ kd`ij _d na\]mdi`) _d _jq` k`m h`uuj _d pi ^jmmd_`ooj nd k\nn\ di iâ 1 no\iujgdi`) pi\ _`gg` lp\gd k`m pnj _`g kjmodi\dj) \gom\ k`m pnj _`g a\^^cdij _`gg\ ?cd`n\) g\ o`mu\ ` lp\mo\ k`m pnj _d ^p^di\+ Ojooj _`oo` no\iu` qd njij _p` ^\h`m` njo* o`mm\i``) i`gg` lp\gd qd nd o`ibjij g` ^`m`) `_ \gom` ^jn` _`gg\ ?cd`n\+ Hô\gomj g\oj _d _`ooj ^jmodg` ^jiod`i` om` kjmo`) k`m dh\ _d `nn` nd k\nn\ i`gg\ O\bm`nod\ _`gg\ ?cd`n\) \gom\ ^c` `m\ k`m pnj _`gg\ n^pjg\) j ^\* kdojgj) jbbd ~ j^^pk\o\ _\gg\ bp\m_d\ _d nd^pm`uu\ dio`mi\) ` adi\gh`io` g ô\iod^j m`aa`oojmdj j^^pk\oj _\ n^pjg` _~ m\b\uud+ @\ggô\gom\ k\mo` _d _`ooj ^jmodg` qd ~ g ô\iod^\ _dnk`in\) ^p^di\) g\q\kd\ood) `_ pi ^\h`mdij) opood k`m pnj _d _`ood `s m`gdbdjnd iji^c} _`g bd\m_dij _d \bmphd dqd `ndno`io`+ Eg o`muj ^jmodg` _`ijhdi\oj kjmo\ ^\mm`n`) ^c` ^jiod`i` dg ajmij) g\ ^\i* odi\) g\ bmjoo\) dg h\b\uudij k`m d ^\m]jid ` ^\h`m\ k`m dg ajmi\dj) \k* k\mo`ibjij \g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\ k\nn\o`gd di kmjkmd`o{ _\gg\ N`\g ?\nn\ _d =hhjmoduu\udji` di a`]m\dj .5.5+ H\ aji_d\md\ npg m`no\io` gj^\g` di jmdbdi` `m\ _d _+ 20- di_d k`m _dnkjndudji` hdidno`md\g` _`ggôg g bdpbij .5.4 q`ii` _dn^\md^\oj lp`noj dhkjid]dg` k`m `nn`m` kmjkmd`o{ \__`oo\ \_ pnj kp]gd^j) _` _+ 14-) nd md_pnn` \ njgd _+ 3-) di_d^\i_j `nn`m` k`m g ô\]do\udji` _d om` `s m`gdbdjnd ^jh` mdg`q\d i`ggô\mo+ .35 N`\gd _`h\ide O`u+ iâ 0/- ` nd bm\q\ \gg\ ^\nn\ _d =hhjmoduu\udji`+

W*+Y+ Mp`gg\ npg bd\m_dij bm\q\ed \gg\ _`oo\ N`\g ?\nn\ njooj dg _`ooj =mo+ .35 N+@+ áâ 0/ ?\o\noj P`mm` k`m g ôdhkjid]dg` _d _+ .4+3/+ H\ ?cd`n\ ^ji np\ O\bm`nod\ ` ?jmj ndo\ ^ji g\ kjmo\ h\bbdjm` nom\_\ Pmd]pi\gd iâ 43 ^ji \gom\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ qd^j O\i L\jgj `_ \gom\ \g qd^j ?dilp`n\iod qd`i` m`oo\ _\g Odb+m` ?\mgj I`cja`m `s o`\odij

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.10

^ji njqm\ij jm_di` _`g .5.3 ` ^ji g\ h`indg` k`indji` _d _+ .-+ H\ aji_d\md\ np _d `nn\ nd bm\q\ g\ _`oo\ N`\g ?\nn\ njooj g ô\mo+ .35 N+@+ iâ 03 ?\o\noj o`mm` dhkjid]dg` _+ 5-+

Anom\ooj _\7 ñ

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?jhkdj dg _jq`m` _d om\nh`oo`m` \gg\ O+R+ ...+óâ g\ m`g\udji`) k`m lp\ioj ]j kjopoj) ^dm^jno\iud\o\) _`gg\ dnk`udji` _d lp`noj \m^cdqdj ij* o\mdg` _d J\kjgd) _dnkjno\ _\ O+ A+ dg Cp\m_\ndbdggd) ^ji ^dm^jg\m` _`g /- a`]]m\dj p+n+ i+ /0.1) ` ^c` dj cj `n`bpdo\) k`m jm_di` _`gPEgg+.ò?\kj _d lp`no\ Lmj^pm\ _`g N`7 dg lp\g`) iji kjo`i_j k`m bm\qd ji`md _`g npj paad^dj) j^^pk\mnd k`mnji\gh`io` ` ^ji lp`gg\ ^jhk`o`iu\ `_ dib`bij) ^c` gj _dnodibpjij) ` ^c` n\m`]]`mj no\od ^jnÅ jkkjmopid \g ^\nj) _`bi\q\nd) k`m np\ ]jio{) _d \aad_\m` \ h`) pgodhj om\ d hd`d ^jgg`bcd) o\g` _`gd^\oj `_ jijm`qjg` h\i_\oj+ A \ggôpjkj mdg`qj ^c` dg Ididno`mj) ^pd apmjij n`hkm` jbb`ooj _d nk`^d\g` km`hpm\ bgd \m^cdqd ijo\mdgd) adi _\ggô`kj^\ _`gg\ gjmj ijq`gg\ ^m`\udji` ` ndno`h\udji`) `]]` \_ jnn`mq\m` ^c` iji opood) nd\ d kmjqdi^d\gd) nd\ d _dnom`oop\gd ` npnnd_d\md) apiudji\n* n`mj m`bjg\mh`io`8 ` ^c` \i^c` di lp`ggd) i`d lp\gd dg n`mqdudj k\m`q\ kmj^`_`m` di hj_j \]]\no\iu\ nj__dna\^`io`) o`i`q\ind hj_d _dq`mnd ` _dnk\m\od) ^jnÅ i`ggô\hhdidnom\udji` dio`mi\) ^jh` i`d m\kkjmod ^jg kp]* ]gd^j+ @dnkjn`) lpdi_d) ^ji n\qdj kmjqq`_dh`ioj) pi dnk`udji` b`i`m\g` ^jio`hkjm\i`\ _d opood d .03 np__`ood \m^cdqd ijo\mdgd _`g m`bij+++ =bbdpib`q\ ^c` o\g` dnk`udji` iji _jq`q\ gdhdo\mnd i`bgd nom`ood ^jiadid _d m\bdji`md\ ` _d ^jio\]dgdo{+++8 n`]]`i` `no`i_`mnd ^ji ^mdo`md kdá \hkd ` m\udji\gd \_ ì pi\ _dn\hdi\ ^jhkg`o\ npggj no\oj h\o`md\g` _d ^d\n^pij \m^cdqdj ` njkm\ jbid k\mo` _d np\ \hhdidnom\udji` î+ F7 H J; ? * BE97B?

J+ . * F b _ ` b YU dQ b YY T Y U c cY & F Q b dU ` bU cQ Y^ VYdd_ ' N`g\odq\h`io` \d gj^\gd _`ggô=m^cdqdj) ^m`_j jkkjmopij k`m h\b* bdjm ^cd\m`uu\ `_ jm_di`) _d ^jhdi^d\m` _\gg` ijodud` mdag`oo`iod g\ kmj* kmd`o{ _d `nnd ` g\ kd^^jg\ k\mo` km`n\ di adooj) k`m q`idm _d kjd \ opoo` lp`gg` \gom`) ^ji g` dnompudjid hdidno`md\gd md^cd`no`) di jm_di` \gg\ p]d* ^\udji`) \g iph`mj) \ggô\hkd`uu\) \gg\ nd^pm`uu\) \gg\ n\gp]mdo{) \gg\ k\mo` iji \_jk`m\o\ \_ pnj _`ggô=m^cdqdj) \gg\ npaad^d`iu\) \gg\ kmjqqdno\ _d hj]dgd ` n^\aa\gd \_ \gg` `q`iop\gd kmjkjno`+

.11

K>G:MH E:F ;B:L>

Hô=m^cdqdj _d J\kjgd omjq\nd \oop\gh`io` i`ggô\cjgdoj Iji\no`mj _d O\i L\jgj I\bbdjm` _`d L\_md P`\odid) `_ d gj^\gd apmjij \_ `nnj ^`_pod _\g @`h\idj) dg .4 \bjnoj .5367 ~ podg` md\nnph`m` ]m`q`h`io` g\ b`i`nd _d o\g` ^`nndji` ` ^jggj^\h`ioj+ B`m_di\i_j ER _d >jm]ji`) ^ji g\ ^jnodopudji` m`\g`) ^jio`ipo\ i`g* g\ km\hh\od^\ R _`g 0- gpbgdj .456) i`g _dnkjmm` g\ dno\gg\udji` _`g* g ô=m^cdqdj C`i`m\g` _`gg\ ^doo{ _d J\kjgd) ]jmbcd) _dnom`ood ` q\n\gd) ` adnn\m` g` ijmh` _`g npj \i_\h`ioj) _`nodi\q\ k`m gj^\gd lp`ggd _`gg` \]jgdo` _`g N`\g ^jgg`bdj _d O\gq\ojm`) _jq` g ô\m^cdqdj ^jhdi^dÖ \ apiudj* i\m` _\g Ej ijq`h]m` _d lp`ggô\iij+ ?jg _`^m`oj _`g 0 b`ii\dj .5-6 q`ii` mdjmb\iduu\oj dg ijo\md\oj) `_ \g m`bdj C`i`m\g` =m^cdqdj _`d Jjo\d di lp`no\ ^doo{ np^^`_`q\ij g\ ?\h`m\ ` gô=m^cdqdj ijo\mdg`) ^pd dg kmdi^dk` \ggjm\ m`bi\io`) Cdj\^^cdij Ipm\o) \nn`bi\q\ g` gj^\gdo{ j^* ^jmm`iod i`ggô\hkdj Iji\no`mj _`d OO+ =kjnojgd) ^jh` nd mdg`q\ _\g _`^m`oj /. _d^`h]m` .5-6+ ?ji \gom\ _`o`mhdi\udji` njqm\i\ _`g 0. _d^`h]m` .5.-) nd `]]` diq`^` gô\gomj `s ^jiq`ioj _d O+ Hjm`iuj I\bbdjm`) \gg\ nom\_\ Pmd]pi\gd) ^c` q`ii` dio`no\oj i`g ^\o\noj kmjqqdnjmdj \gg\ ?\h`m\ Jjo\mdg`+ =g mdojmij _d B`m_di\i_j ER di lp`no` kmjqdi^d` h`md_dji\gd) ^ji _`^m`oj 3 ijq`h]m` .5.3) o\g` ^ji^`nndji` q`ii` m\odad^\o\8 h\) mdkmdnodi\o\nd g\ ^jhpido{ m`gdbdjn\ _`bgd =iojid\id di _`ooj ?jiq`ioj _d O+ Hjm`iuj) g\ ?\h`m\ ap ^jnom`oo\ \ m`nomdib`mnd di lp`gg\ k\mo`) jq` kmdh\ `]]` n`_` gô\iod^j O`i\oj _d J\kjgd) ` ^c` jbbd nd j^^pk\ _\g* g ôpaad^dj hpid^dk\g` _`gg\ n`udji` O+ Hjm`iuj+ Ljn^d\ dg Cp\m_\ndbdggd) ^ji _`^m`oj _`g /5 a`]]m\dj .516) di qdno\ _`gg\ _`ad^d`iu\ _`d gj^\gd mdh\nod \gg\ ?\h`m\) g` ^ji^`_` di ^\h]dj pi\ kjmudji` _\g g\oj npk`* mdjm` _d ?\no`g ?\kp\ij) g\ lp\g` di n`bpdoj g` q`ii` ojgo\) `nn`i_j j^^jmn\ \bgd paadud _d ^\i^`gg`md\ ` _ôdnompudji` _`g Pmd]pi\g`+ Bdi\gh`io`) \ m`dio`bm\m` g\ ?\h`m\ _d gj^\gdo{ ^jmmdnkji_`iod \ lp`gg` ^ji^`_po`g` i`g md^\h]dj j k`mhpo\ _`g Iji\no`mj _d O+ Hjm`iuj) ` _`gg` \gom` ^jin`bi\o`g` ` mdojgo`g` di ?\no`g ?\kp\ij) dg Ididnomj _d Cm\ud\ ` Cdpnodud\) ^ji _`^m`oj .0 h\bbdj .534) ^ji^`_` g ô\oop\g` gj^\g` di O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`) \kk\mo`i`io` \ggô=hhdidnom\udji` _`g Bji_j k`g ?pgoj) \pojmduu\i_j \ggôpjkj _d _dnkjmi` dg k\nn\bbdj \g @`h\idj ` g\ np^^`nndq\ ^jin`bi\ \gg\ ?\h`m\ `_ =m^cdqdj Jjo\mdg`) g\n^d\i_ji` g\ k\mo` `np]`m\io` \ _dnkjndudji` _d `nn\ \hhdidnom\udji`) ^c` nd mdn`m]\q\ ^`_`mg\ \g ?jhpi` k`m pnj _d n^pjg`+ Ei^\md^\q\ dijgom` Hô=hhdidnom\udji` _`h\id\g` \ m`_db`m`) _d \^* ^jm_j ^jg Lmj^pm\ojm` C`i`m\g`) pi _dn`bij _d mdk\moj) ^c` q`ii` `n`* bpdoj ` kjn^d\ om\_jooj di \ooj) ^ji q`m]\g` di omdkgd^` jmdbdi\g` _`g .4 \bjnoj .536+ ?jg _`ooj q`m]\g`+++) q`ii` \nn`bi\oj \gg\ ?\h`m\ g\ lp\nd ojo\gdo{ _`g gj^\g`) `^^`oop\i_ji` lp`gg` k\mod \__`oo` k`m g` ^jibm`bc`) ^c` i`

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.12

`m\ij di kjnn`nnj) ` g` \gom` n`bp`iod) `c mdh\i`q\ij di kmjkmd`o{ \g Ipid^dkdj `_ \g @`h\idj) ^jh` \kkm`nnj7 =& * 7 \ C e ^ YS Y` Y_ Ej L`m pnj _`gg\ ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`7 pi\ k\mo` k`m \]d* o\udji` _`d Lm`kjnod \ m`bb`m` `_ \nndno`m` B\hhdidnom\udji` _`g ^pgoj) \oop\gh`io` d L\_md P`\odid+ Mp`no\ gj^\gdo{) kjno\ \ggôpgodhj kd\ij) nd ^jhkji`7 _d pi ^jm* md_jdj ^ji lp\oomj no\iu` \ _`nom\ k`m \]do\udji`) `_ jooj \ ndidnom\) k`m mdkjmqd jbb`ood j_ po`indgd _`gg\ ^cd`n\) ^ji pi n\gji` i`g aji_j8 _d pi\ no\iu\ _\ km\iuj ` ^p^di\) ` _d opooj dg g\oj njoojno\io`+ L`m Bpnj h`_`ndhj q`ii` kpm` ^`_po\ g ô`iom\o\ _`gg\ n^\gdi\o\) ^c` no\ i`ggô\i* bjgj \ ndidnom\) i`g ^jmodg` n^jq`moj j ^cdjnomj) ^ji kjmod^\oj) \oodbpj \ggôdibm`nnj kmdi^dk\g` _\gg\ qd\ O+ L\jgj) iâ .17 _\ lp`no\ nd \^^`_` di pi \gomj ^jmodg` n^jq`moj ^ji kjmod^d) \g]`m\oj) j ^cdjnomj npk`mdjm`) _\g g\oj _`nomj _`g lp\g` nd \^^`_` \_ piô\gom\ n^\gdi\o\ dio`mi\) _ji_` nd q\ \ggôpgodhj kd\ij np__`ooj+ Bp lpdi_d mdn`mq\oj \d hji\^d g ô\^^`nnj \gg\ kjmo\ \g iâ .1 `_ dg k\nn\bbdj jm\ \^^`ii\oj) h`iom` qd ~ dh\ ^j* hpid^\udji` dio`mi\ ^ji g\ ^cd`n\) ` apmjij ^cdpn` opoo` g` ^jhpid^\udjid ^jd gj^\gd _`ggô=m^cdqdj+ + x L`m pnj _`gg` n^pjg`7 om` no\iu` bm\i_d \g kd\i o`mm`ij _`g kmdhj ^cdjnomj) ^ji kjmo\ _ôdibm`nnj \ ndidnom\ _`ggô\omdj) _jkj gô`iom\o\ di qd\ O+ L\jgj) iâ .1) `_ \gom` kd^^jg` \ii`nn` ^ji `iom\o\ k`mÖ dnjg\* o\h`io` _\gg\ ^jnÅ _`oo\ ` _ b dQ SQ bbU cU % %^dj~ pi\ n`^ji_\ kjmo\ _ôdibm`nnj \ggô`_dad^dj i`gg\ no`nn\ qd\ O+ L\jgj) iâ .-&7 g\ _`oo\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n` ^jg ^jmodg` n^jq`moj ` opoo` g` gj^\gdo{ njoo`mm\i``) ^c` qd c\iij ^jhpid^\* udji`) g ô\iod^\ ^p^di\ ` _dnk`in\ ^c` no\ \ ndidnom\ _d _`ooj ^jmodg`) ^jh* kjno\ _d pi\ kd^^jg\ no\iu`oo\ \ggô`iom\o\) ^ji om` \gomd ^jhkm`nd `_ \^^`nnjmd) apmjij opoo` _`]do\h`io` n`k\m\o` _\gg` gj^\gdo{ _`ggô=m^cdqdj+ @`oo` gj^\gdo{) mdn`mq\o` \_ pnj _d n^pjg`) nd o`ibjij opooôjm\ di adooj _\ggô\m^cdqdj) \ n^jkj _d dnjg\m` d npjd gj^\gd) di ]\n` _d _p` ^ji* om\ood _d adooj8 ^dj~ dg Ej _`g / h\bbdj .560) k`m g\ _pm\o\ _d om` \iid) _\g 1 h\bbdj .56/ \g 1 h\bbdj .562) k`m \iip` gdm` 654)32) k\b\]dgd \ m\o` omdh`nom\gd) ^d\n^pi\ _d gdm` om`^`iojq`iodijq` ` ^`io+ //8 dg /â _`g 3 h\bbdj .560) _\g 1 h\bbdj .560 \g 1 h\bbdj .562) k`m g ô\iip\ kdbdji` _d gdm` /--) k\b\]dgd k\mdh`iod \ m\o` omdh`nom\gd) ^d\n^pi\ _d gdm` 33)347 lp`nod ^jiom\ood q`ii`mj _`]do\h`io` \pojmduu\od _\g Ididno`mj+++

>& * 7 \ : U ] Q ^ Y_ H` lp\oomj no\iu`oo` \g Ej kd\ij) \ggjm\ j^^pk\o` _\g /â paad^dj np^* ^`nndjid+ @d `nn`) _jkj g ô\]jgdudji` _`g _`ooj paad^dj) apmjij km`n` di adooj) ^jh` nd o`ibjij opooôjm\) _p` _\ggô=m^cdqdj) j^^pk\o` k`m \]do\*

.13

K>G:MH E:F;B:L>

udji` _`g ^pnoj_`) k`m g ô\iipj ^\iji` _d gdm` 0.1) k\b\odgd \ gdm` /3+.4 h`indgd) \aadooj ^c` ap nodkpg\oj \ omd`iidj ` mdiijq\oj n`hkm` _\g .536 adijm\)+++) g` \gom` _p` mdh\n`mj nadoo\o` adij \g .552) k`m gj no\oj _d di\]do\]dgdo{8 `_ \ggjm\ q`ii`mj km`n` \ kdbdji` _\g ^\q+ Rdgg\h\ei\) Lm`nd_`io` _`g ?jindbgdj jc` g` mdiijqÖ \ np` nk`n`) ` k\bÖ g\ kdbdji` adij \g 1 h\bbdj .5607 _\ lp`noô`kj^\) k`m gj no\]dgdoj ^jiom\ooj _d ^jh* km\q`i_do\ _\ @`h\idj \ggô=m^cdqdj _d opoo` ` lp\oomj g` no\iu`oo`) k`g km`uuj _d gdm` 3346+5-)+++) apmjij) di ]\n` _`gg\ _`oo\ \pojmduu\udji` ` _`gd]`m\udji`) \i^c` km`n` di \aadooj _\ggô\m^cdqdj) _\g 2 h\bbdj .560 \g 1 h\bbdj .562) k`m \iip` H+ 03-) k\b\]dgd h`inp\gh`io` \ H+ 0-) ji_` `qdo\m` ^c` \gomd `nom\i`d g` \q`nn`mj adoo\o`8 ` apmjij \_d]do` k`m b\]di`ooj _`g km`nd_`io` _`g ^jindbgdj) `_ j^^pk\o` _\ggj no`nnj ^\+ Rdgg\* h\ei\) `c qd o`ii` \i^c` dg npj paad^dj _d Jjo\mj+ @`gg` ^jn` adi lpd _`oo` mdnpgo\ lpdi_d ^c` d gj^\gd _`ggô`s Iji\* no`mj _d O+ L\jgj) h`ij g` k\mod mdn`mq\o` \g hpid^dkdj) \g @`h\idj `_ \gg` ^jibm`bc`) _`gg` lp\gd di kmjnd`bpj nd a\m{ ^`iij) mdh\n`mj di kmj* kmd`o{ ^jhpi` \g ?jindbgdj `_ \ggô=m^cdqdj Jjo\mdg`) njnodopdod k`m ipjq\ g`bb` \ggô\iod^\ ?\h`m\ `_ =m^cdqdj Jjo\mdg`8 ` g\ k\mo` j^^pk\o\ _\g ?jindbgdj k`m `nkgd^\h`ioj _`gg` np` apiudjid ^jindno` di ^dilp` no\iu` \g n`^ji_j kd\ij) k`m pnj _`bgd paad^d _`gg\ Lm`nd_`iu\ ` O`bm`o\md\oj _`g ?jindbgdj) pi\ n\g\ om\ dg /â `_ dg 0â kd\id k`m g` np` mdpidjid) ` g ô\iod^j m`a`oojmdj \ kd\i o`mm`ij) k`m g` \_pi\iu` b`i`m\gd _`g ?jgg`bdj _`d Jjo\md8 ` ^c` njij \ggj no\oj o`ipod di adooj njgo\ioj d gj^\gd _d kmjkmd`o{ _`g hpid^dkdj k`m pnj _`gg` n^pjg` ` lp`ggd _`g @`h\idj+ Jâ / * K R YSQ jY_ ^ U' N`g\odq\h`io` \gg\ p]d^\udji`) iji qd nd mdn^jiom\ij opood d m`lpd* ndod) \ ijmh\ _`ggô\mo+ 6- _`g m`bjg\h`ioj ` _`gg\ ^dm^jg\m` _`g Idid* no`mj)+++) g` lp\gd m\^^jh\i_\ij) ^c` d gj^\gd nd\ij kjnnd]dgh`io` i`g ^`iomj _`ggô\]do\oj) dnjg\od j ^jiodbpd njgo\ioj \_ paad^d d gpjbcd _`nod* i\od \_ pnj kp]]gd^j) `qdo\i_j ^c` nd\ij am\hhdnod \ kmdq\o` \]do\udjid+ ?jh` R\+ O\+ ^jijn^`) d gj^\gd _`ggô=m^cdqdj njij kjnod i`gg\ nom\_\ O+ L\jgj) i`g nphh`iudji\oj `s Iji\no`mj _`d L\_md P`\odid) ` o\g kpioj iji kpÖ _dmnd dg ^`iomj _d lp`noj \]do\oj8 i} ~ ^jiodbpj \_ \gomd kp]]gd^d paad^d) ` njgj nd omjq\) k`m g\ kmjnndhdo{ \gg\ qd\ Pmd]pi\gd) iji gjio\ij _\g ?\no`g ?\kp\ij) n`_` _`g Pmd]pi\g` ` _`gg\ ^jmo` _d =kk`ggj+ Annj ^jiadi\ \ c U ddU ^ db Y_ ^ U ^ji g\ qd\ O+ L\jgj) _jq` c\ g ôdibm`nnj kmdi^dk\g` \g iâ .1) `_ pi n`^ji_j dibm`nnj jm\ ^cdpnj) g\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n` \g iâ .-8 ` opood d q\id \ kd\i o`mm`ij nkjmb`iod np lp`no\ qd\ \kk\mo`i* bjij \g Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\) ` njij \_d]dod \_ pnj _d ]joo`bc` ` _d \]do\udjid+ = ] U jj_ W Y_ b^ _ % q`mnj dg qd^j ?dilp`n\iod) ^ji \g^pi` ^\n` _`g

L:G I:HEH F:@@BHK> BG G:IHEB

.14

Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\) np ^pd g\nomd^d njg\md nkjmbjij g` adi`nom` _`g* g ô=m^cdqdj) ` ^ji g\ kmjkmd`o{ _`g L\_m` L`_d^did) ^jg lp\g` nd no\ di gdo` k`m lp`nodji` _d n`mqdoá+ =_ _ b YU ^ dU ) ^jg qd^jg`ooj O+ L\jgj) i`g lp\g` \_ `nnj njoojno\iod omj* q\ind q\id o`mm\i`d) \ kmdhj kd\ij) _d kmjkmd`o{ _`ggj no`nnj Ijio` _`gg\ Idn`md^jm_d\) iji^c} ^ji g\ ?cd`n\ >\ndgd^\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`+ =_ _ S S YT U ^ dU % di adi`) ^ji \gom` kmjkmd`o{ kmdq\o`) g` lp\gd nji n`* k\m\o` k`mÖ _\ggj nkd\uuj) np ^pd nkjmb` g\ kjmo\ ^\mm`n`+ ?jh` nd q`_` lpdi_d) dg gj^\g` iji ~ _dno\^^\oj _\ \gomd a\]]md^\od) ^jn\ ^c` k`m \gomj mdpn^dm`]]` lp\nd dhkjnnd]dg` i`gg\ h\bbdjm k\mo`+ Jâ 0 * D e ] U b _ * 7 ] ` YU j j Q & 9 Q \e R bYdl ' Eg iph`mj _`d q\id _d kmjkmd`o{ _`ggô=m^cdqdj ~ _d 6- ^jnd _dnomd* ]pdod7 pij \g kd\i o`mm`ij) j^^pk\oj _\g kjmod`m`8 /5 ` _p` n\gjid \g kmdhj kd\ij) `) am\ d /5) pi \gomj j^^pk\oj kpm` _\gg\ a\hdbgd\ _`g kjm* od`m`8 13 ` / n\gjid \g n`^ji_j kd\ij8 pi n\gji` \g o`muj kd\ij dio`mij8 .- \ggj no`nnj kd\ij) _jq` omjq\nd L\hhdidnom\udji` _`ggô\m^cdqdj+ =d lp\gd 6- \bbdpiod d 4 q\id adoo\od _\g Ipid^dkdj `_ d 1 _`g @`h\idj) nd c\ pi ojo\g` _d q\id .-.) jgom` d 1 ^jmmd_jd _`g n`^ji_j kd\ij) _dnodiod ^ji g` g`oo`m` =) >) ?) @) ^jh` g` no\iu` _dnodio` ^ji iph`md+ Ppood lp`* nod q\id njij ^jhkg`o\h`io` kd`id _d \ood ijo\mdgd) h`ij d 4) ^jh` nd _dnn`) j^^pk\od _\g ?jindbgdj Jjo\mdg`) d .- _\bgd Qaad^d _d \hhdidnom\* udji` _`ggô=m^cdqdj) iji^c} / no\iu` \g kmdhj kd\ij ` 1 \g n`^ji_j) \g ^jmmd_jdj @) k`m g` lp\gd pgodh` g\ O+ R+ c\ k`in\oj k`m g\ mdiijq\udji` ` kmjqqdno\ _d n^\aa\gd) ` h`ij om` no\iu` \i^c` \g n`^ji_j kd\ij kmjq* qdno` bd{ _d n^\aa\gd \i^jm\ qpjod+ Hô\hkd`uu\ _d _`ood gj^\gd ~ _dq`mn\) ` mdnkji_` \ggôpnj) ^pd ^d\* n^pij ~ \_d]doj+ H\ n\gp]mdo{ _d `nnd ~ nj__dna\^`io`) `nn`i_j \n^dpood `_ \mdjnd+ Jâ 1 * I YSe bUjjQ ' H\ nd^pm`uu\) n` kpÖ _dmnd b\m\iodo\ njooj dg m\kkjmoj _`gg` ^ji_d* udjid no\od^c`) iji ~ o\g` njooj lp`ggj _`gg\ qd^di\iu\ ` am\hhdoo`iu\ \_ \]do\udjid kmdq\o`) \ ^cd`n`) \ ^jibm`bc` ` \ o\gpi` jk`m` Ld`+ @d q`mj jgom` \bgd di^jiq`id`iod ijo\od) om\oo\i_j _`gg\ p]d^\udji` _`g gj^\g`) k`m g` ]joo`bc` `_ \]do\udjid njoojno\iod \ q\md kpiod _d `nnj8 jgom` \gg\ k\mo` \oop\gh`io` j^^pk\o\ _\d L\_md P`\odid) k`m dg n`mqdudj _`gg\ >\ndgd^\ _d O+ L\jgj I\bbdjm`) mdg`q\ind \i^c` lp`nod \gomd7 Q # g\ ^jibm`b\ _`g @dqdij =hjm`) ^c` c\ piô\hkd\ ^\kk`gg\ ` om` ]`gg` no\iu` \g o`muj kd\ij) di kmjnndhdo{ _`bgd paad^d _d \hhdidnom\udji` _`ggô=m^cdqdj8

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ndh\ h\ij) `o g\ h`bgdjm ^c` qd nd\ i`gg\ ^doo{ _d J\kjgd) `o N`bij î+ =hhdmÖ g\ md^^c`uu\ _`g ^d]jmdj di kd`om` _pm` i} h\i^Ö _d n`bi\g\m` ^c` d kdg\nomd \q`q\ij g` ]\nd _d kdk`hj) lpdi_d `m\ij _d nop^^j8 ^c` dg k\qdh`ioj `m\ _d h\oojid `_ d ^jm`ood `m\ij _p` ` iji lp\oomj ^jh` jm\+ @pilp` pi dio`mij md^^j h\ _`g opooj _dq`mnj _\ggô\oop\g` k`m lp`g ^c` ^ji^`mi` g\ q`no` jmi\h`io\g`) ajmh\o\nd \oom\q`mnj pi\ n`md` _d dio`mq`iod+ Eg kmdhj nd q`mdad^Ö bd{ i`g .33-*3. lp\i_j g\ ^cd`n\ ap _jm\o\ ` bgd nk\ud am\ g` adi`nom` _`g n`^ji_j jm_di` _`gg\ i\q\o\ ^`iom\g` ` g` lp\oomj lpdio` apmjij \aam`n^\od ^ji nojmd` _`gg\ qdo\ _d O+ C\`o\ij ` ^ji adbpm` _d O\iod+ J`ggô\bjnoj .33- =i_m`\ R\^^\mj md^`q`q\ pi \^^jioj k`m gôjk`m\ `_ dg n\g_j bdpib`q\ i`g bdpbij .33. %\kk+ _j^+) EE&+ R\md` ajiod mda`mdn^jij ^c` lp`no` kdoopm` apmjij m`\gduu\o` _\ =i_m`\ _` Hdji` np ]juu`ood _`g R\^* ^\mj ,' H\ h\ij _d lp`noôpgodhj n`h]m\ `qd_`io` di \g^pi` n^`i` ` i`d O\iod h`iom` \gom` k\mod njij _d pi _dq`mnj \modno\) ajmn` dg _` Hdji`) dg ^pd ijh` iji `h`mb` _\gg\ _j^ph`io\udji`+ Opg* g ô\mbjh`ioj nd mdh\i_\ \_ dhj nop_dj _`gg\ Jjq`ggd N\_d^`) di km`k\m\udji`+ Eg kmjbm\hh\ _d \mmd^^cdh`ioj _`gg\ _`^jm\udji` _`ggôdi* o`mij nd nqdgpkkÖ dio`in\h`io` i`g n`^jgj TREEE+ @jkj pi m`* no\pmj \bgd nop^^cd `_ pi\ ipjq\ _jm\opm\) m`bdnom\od i`g .4-6*.- 1) nd kmj^`_`oo` \gg\ m`\gduu\udji` _`d _dkdiod _\ kjmm` npbgd \m^cd _`gg` ^\kk`gg` ` npggôdibm`nnj+ Annd apmjij k\b\od i`g .4./ \ Cdj* q\iid Pjmm` h`iom` pi \gomj kdoojm` n^jijn^dpoj) Cdjq\iid R`* i\nlp`) `n`bpdq\ \gomd ì lp\_md k`m g\ ^cd`n\ î %\kk+ _j^+) EE&+ Mp`no` jk`m`) njnodopdo` di n`bpdoj) ajmn` nd din`mdn^jij di pi\ n`md` _d g\qjmd m`\gduu\od i`g .4./ di j^^\ndji` _d pi\ bm\i_` a`no\ di jijm` _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij+ =ggjm\ apmjij \i^c` mdk\* m\od nop^^cd `_ `n`bpdod \kk\m\od ^ji a`mu` ` no\op` _d ^\mo\k`no\+

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=HGMB LNEE: < A B> L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L ( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

.64

Eg opooj ap d_`\oj ` _dm`ooj _\ggô\m^cdo`ooj =i_m`\ Koo\d\ij ^c` qd \oo`n` ì k`m kdá h`nd î %\kk+ _j^+) EE&+ @pilp` pi \kk\m\oj a\* nojnj k`m pi\ ^`mdhjid\ dhkjmo\io` `_ \i^c` gôj^^\ndji` k`m _\m` pi oj^^j \gg\ _`^jm\udji` no\]dg` _`gg\ ^cd`n\+ Mp`noj ^jh* kjmo\h`ioj iji ~ dnjg\oj ` gj mdomjq`m`hj i`gg\ n`^ji_\ k\mo` _`g n`^jgj di j^^\ndji` _`gg\ ]`\odad^\udji` _`g ?\m_di\g >pm\gd+ Lj^j _jkj d k\_md _`^d_`q\ij _d mda\m` di h\mhj d kdg\nomd _`gg\ i\q\o\ ` _`gg\ ^mj^d`m\+ Eg ^jhkdoj ap \aad_\oj \ @jh`id^j =iojidj R\^^\mj ^c` g\qjm\q\ bd{ i`ggôjooj]m` .4.1 `_ \i^jm\ i`g h\muj .4.4 %\kk+ _j^+) EE&+ ?jio`hkjm\i`\h`io` dg h\mhj* m\mj Jd^jg\ P\hh\mj `n`bpdq\ dg k\qdh`ioj _`gg\ ^cd`n\) md^`* q`i_j pij _`bgd pgodhd k\b\h`iod i`g .4.4 %\kk+ _j^+) EE&+ E kd* g\nomd iji c\iij \g^pi ^\m\oo`m` q\^^\md\ij) mdnpgo\i_j id`ioô\g* omj ^c` g\ om\_pudji` di h\mhj %]d\i^j ^ji n^\i\g\opm` di ]\m* _dbgdj& _d lp`ggd n`d^`io`n^cd di nop^^j+ Eg n`bij _d @jh`id^j =iojidj nd \qq`mo` njgo\ioj i`gg` ]\nd _`gg` g`n`i` _d _`nom\) ^jm* mdnkji_`iod \gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) ` _d lp`gg` kjno` _d amjio`+ Eg _j^ph`ioj _`g /1 jooj]m` .4.4 %\kk+ _j^+) EE& h`i* udji\q\ _`bgd no`hhd o`\odid _\ kjmnd i`gg` ]\nd _`d kdg\nomd _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij) i`g om\in`ooj _`nomj) ` _`ggô\m^j _`gg\ i\q\o\ ^jhpid^\io` ^ji gô\gom\ _d O+ C\`o\ij+ Mp`nod kdg\* nomd `m\ij \ggjm\ md^jk`mod ojo\gh`io` _\ `s qjoj _ô\mb`ioj) k`m ^pd iji apmjij i`\i^c` m`\gduu\od di h\mhj+ =i^c` mdq`nodod _d kg\^^c` \mb`io`` `m\ij d _p` kdg\nomd amjio`bbd\iod lp`ggd _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij 2+ Bp lpd ^c` d o`\odid _jq`oo`mj _`^d_`m` _d ^jggj^\m` _p` _`bgd no`hhd ^jhhdnndji\od \g R\^^\mj) \iud* ^c} km`nnj g\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ =i_m`\) ^jh` km`qdnoj di jmdbdi`+ @jkj ^c` i`g .465 bgd \mb`iod apmjij apnd k`m d ]dnjbid _`ggj Oo\oj) d n`d kdg\nomd mdh\n`mj kmdqd _d _`^jm\udji` ` i`g .5-2 apmjij _dkdiod \ adioj h\mhj) \ njhdbgd\iu\ _`bgd \gomd h\mhjm`d %\kk+ _j^+) REE&+ Bp njgj i`g ^jmnj _`d m`no\pmd `aa`oop\od i`ggôdh* h`_d\oj _jkjbp`mm\ ^c` d 1 kdg\nomd _`gg\ i\q\o\ apmjij m`\gduu\od di h\mhj) h`iom` d _p` ad\i^c`bbd\iod g\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ =i_m`\

/ G:MH ANHMHEH

gj `m\ij no\od bd{ di km`^`_`iu\) di pi k`mdj_j k`m jm\ iji km`* ^dn\]dg`+ ?\m\oo`m` o\m_j*n`d^`io`n^j km`n`io\ dg k\qdh`ioj+ =_ `nnj nd mda`mdn^` pi\ ajio` jooj^`io`n^\) dg k\_m` o`\odij Hpdbd Cp\mdid ^c`) \gg\ gp^` _d _j^ph`iod \ h` dibjod) i` \oomd]pdn^` dg _dn`bij \ @djidndj H\uu\md) hjmoj i`g .36-+ Eg Cp\mdid \bbdpib` ^c` o\ioj k`m d ]d\i^cd _`g k\qdh`ioj lp\ioj k`m lp`ggd _`d kdg\nomd nd \_jk`mÖ dg h\mhj _`gg` \iod^c` ^jgjii` _`ggô\omdj) ^\_po` i`g .355 3+ Hôpgodhj dio`mq`ioj i`gg\ i\q\o\ ^`iom\g` \qqd`i` _jkj dg o`mm`hjoj _`g .40/ ^c`) \mm`^\i_j bm\qd _\iid \ggô`_dad^dj) ^j* nomdib` d o`\odid \ m`no\pm\mgj `_ \ ^cd`_`m` \ggô=m^dq`n^jqj dg k`m* h`nnj _d q`i_`m` hjgod \mb`iod) \g adi` _d md^\q\m` g\ dib`io` njhh\ j^^jmm`io`45+ Bp _jkj lp`nod g\qjmd ^c` O\iojgj ?dmdggj \aam`n^Ö g\ ^jiomja\^^d\o\) _\o\o\ .405 h\ _j^ph`io\o\) ^ji g` o`g` kjno` npbgd \m^cd) adi _\g .403+ =g mdomjq\h`ioj \m^cdqdnod^j _`g Nduuj iji kjnnj \bbdpib`m` ^c` pi k\dj _d k\b\h`iod k`m g` o`g` `_ d o`g\d) `aa`oop\od i`g .405 >+ ?ji lp`no\ n`md` _d dio`mq`iod n`d ` n`oo`^`io`n^cd gôdiq\nj ^`iom\g` ` dg om\in`ooj \^^`iop\mjij pi ojij ^jgjmdnod^j ` i\mm\* odqj) h`ij h\m^\oj i`ggôdhkjno\udji` jmdbdi\md\ _`g Cmdh\g_d ` _`d npjd np^^`nnjmd+ N\kkjmod am\ g` h\nn` ` bdj^cd ^cd\mjn^pm\gd q`ii`mj \go`m\od lp\i_j iji _dnompood) ^jh` \qq`ii` i`gg` i\q\o` g\o`m\gd) \bbdpio` q`mnj dg .3/5 _\ Cdjq\i Cd\^jhj _d ?jiajmoj ` ^c` ^jino\ij _d pi\ n`md` _d ^\hk\o` d ^pd kdg\nomd m`^\q\ij _`gg` id^^cd`+ Mp`no` njij \i^jm\ `qd_`iod i`gg\ ^\hk\o\ _d _`* nom\) \iodno\io` g\ ^\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{7 di `nn` q`_d\hj g` no\* op` _d =i_m`\ B\g^ji` ` Jd^jg\ I\uuji`+ J`ggôpgodh\ ^\hk\o\ _d

. BB @mYjafa k[jakk] aflgjfg Yd +2.1( Bd eYfgk[jallg& af]\alg& \]ddY kmY gh]jY ka aflalgdY 7& 7X^]XbX^ ?PhhPaX PaRWXcTcc^ ST{ cT\ _X bd^X eT]SXRPc^$ ] ka [gfk]jnY f]ddY ;aZdagl][Y GYragfYd] \a GYhgda& FYfgkk[jalla L( FYjlafg& ,+/( 1 :(L(G(& Fgf( kghhj(& ++/.& ^& /-1( 2 GYhgda& :j[`anag Llgja[g \]d ;Yf[g \a GYhgda& ;Yf[g \]d Ighgdg& _agjfYda \a [YkkY f( +++1& af \YlY +* ^]ZZjYag +1-2& Yd ^( ,+-& ] f( +++3& af \YlY + eYjrg +1-2& Ya ^^( ,*2',*3( EñY^^j]k[g kmddY hgjlY | ^ajeYlg ] \YlYlg +1-2 eY a hY_Ye]fla h]j ]kkg ] h]j d] l]d] ]jYfg _ay [geaf[aYla f]d +1-0( : lYd hjghgkalg ka n]\Y O( Karrg& ?P \P% cdaXcj SX 9aP]RTbR^ 7T @daP$ Y GYhgda fgZadakkaeY ê& +32*& ^Yk]( B'BB& h( ./(

=HGMB LNEE: L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L ( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

.66

ndidnom\ g` id^^cd` `h`mbjij di k\mo` _jkj g\ mjqdi\ _`ggôdioj* i\^j njqm\kkjnojqd) h`iom` g\ ojhk\bi\opm\ _d lp`gg` _`gg\ kmdh\ ^\hk\o\ _d ndidnom\ ~ _j^ph`io\o\ \g .44/*40 %\kk+ _j^+) EEE&+ Bp \kkpioj di lp`bgd \iid ^c` g` i\q\o`gg` np]dmjij pi m\_d^\g` m`no\pmj) ^jgg`b\oj \bgd \]]`ggdh`iod m`\gduu\od k`m ^`g`* ]m\m` g\ ]`\odad^\udji` _`g o`\odij ?\m_di\g L\jgj >pm\gd _ô=m`uuj+ P\ioj bgd \kk\m\od `aadh`md lp\ioj g` _`^jm\udjid di lp`nodji` apmjij k\b\od ^jd aji_d no\iud\od k`m g\ ]`\odad^\udji` ` njij m`* bdnom\od njooj lp`noj ^\kdojgj _d nk`n\) n`iu\ km`^dn` di_d^\udjid _\o\md`+ ?jhpilp`) a`mhj m`no\i_j dg o`mhdi` _`g bdpbij .440) lp\i_j nd nqjgn` g\ ^`mdhjid\ ` d g\qjmd `m\ij adidod) \gom` ijo` ^d k`mh`oojij kdá km`^dn` ^jggj^\udjid ^mjijgjbd^c`+ Ppooj g ôdio`mij ap _jm\oj ` bgd nop^^cd m`no\pm\od+ Hôpid^\ ^\kk`gg\ \ iji `nn`m` oj^^\o\ ap lp`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) h`iom` i`gg` \gom` ` i`gg` ^\hk\o` \iodno\iod apmjij m`no\pm\od bgd nop^* ^cd) `n`bpdo` _jm\opm` ` kdoopm` _d ^\m\oo`m` _`^jm\odqj) opoojm\ qdnd]dgd+ Hôjk`m\ ap \aad_\o\ \ggôdi_jm\ojm` Cdpn`kk` ?\i_d_j ^c` i` ap dg m`nkjin\]dg` ` ^jjm_diÖ g` \gom` h\`nom\iu`+ Mp`noj hj_j _d kmj^`_`m`) ^jhj_j k`m dg ^jhhdoo`io`) `m\ n`bpdoj _d am`lp`io` ` ^m`\ hjgod kmj]g`hd \g hj_`mij md^`m^\ojm`) di lp\ioj d k\b\* h`iod `m\ij dio`no\od _d njgdoj \ggô\kk\go\ojm`) di lp`noj ^\nj \g ?\i_d_j+ Ppoo\qd\ \oom\q`mnj dg k\b\h`ioj _d kd^^jg` k\mod _`g* gôjk`m\) `n`bpdo` \g _d apjmd _`ggô\kk\goj) q`id\hj \ ^jijn^`iu\ _`d ijhd _`d _`^jm\ojmd \oodqd i`gg` i\q\o`gg`+ Lmdh` \_ `nn`m` jmi\o` apmjij g\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ ?\mgj ` g ô\iod* no\io` ^\hk\o\+ Rd _dkdin` \ am`n^j C\`o\ij P\g`ioj h\ di n`* bpdoj nd km`a`mÅ pn\m` dg am`n^j njgo\ioj i`d kdg\nomd `_ dg bp\uuj i`gg` \gom` k\mod) \aad_\i_j gôjk`m\ \ Rdi^`iuj >mpij) \pojm` \i^c` _`bgd jmi\od am\ g` adi`nom` _`gg\ i\q\o\ ` i`d gjmj nlp\m^d) jm\ k`m_pod+ J`g _d^`h]m` .44/ nd _\q\ pi\ m`b\gd\ ì \d kdoojmd _`gg\ ^cd`n\ î k`m \q`m o`mhdi\oj g\ _`^jm\udji` %\kk+ _j^+) EEE&+ @pilp` k`m g\ a`no\ _`g >`\oj >pm\gd g` i\q\o`gg` k`mn`mj g ô\nk`ooj n`d^`io`n^j k`m \nnph`m` gô\oop\g`) ^jd kdg\nomd _`gg` ^\h* k\o` _dkdiod \ adioj h\mhj ` ^ji bdm\gd di hjij^mjhj j _jm\od i`d k`_p^^d) i`gg` ^pkjg` ` i`gg` qjgod^di`) _d pi bpnoj ^c` n^c`*

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K>G:MH KNHMHEH

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+0 G:MH KNHMHEH

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EE @`^jm\udji` _`gg\ i\q\o\ ` _`g om\in`ooj =bjnoj .33- * ì =g kdoojm` =i_m`\ R\^^\mj _+_p`^`ioj k`m g\ Ld`o{ di ^jioj _`gg` kdoopm` ^c` _`q` a\m` i`ggôjooj lp\omd ` lp\oomj lpdio` _`gg\ ^cd`n\+++ /-- î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) .-62) a+ ..0+ Kooj]m` .33- * ì =ggd kdoojmd ^c` c\iij jh]m`bbd\oj g ôdi_jm\opm\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _+om`io\ di ^jioj+++ 0-+ = h\nomj I\m^j di_jm\ojm` k`m g ôdi_jm\opm\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _+lp\oomj* ^`ioj joo\io\ di ^jioj+++ 15- î+ Eqd) a+ ..1+ Cdpbij .33. * ì L`m g` kdoopm` _`gg\ ^cd`n\ k\b\od \_ =i_m`\ R\^* ^\mj k`m g\ Ld`o{ k`m adi\g` k\b\h`ioj+++ .---*-*-+ = I\m^j Ei_jm\ojm` k`m g ôdi_jm\opm\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ k`m g\ Ld`o{ k`m adi\g` k\b\h`ioj+++ 404*-*-+ =_ Ebi\udj L`ii\ ` @jh`id^j =i`ggj Ojg\uuj k`m gd m\]dn^cd) ` kmjadg\opm\ _`ggôjmj _`gg\ ?cd`n\ k`m Ld`o{ _+ 22) ^c` k`m `mmjm` iji nd `ndojmij i`ggd h`nd k\nn\od+++ 22*-*- î+ Eqd) a+ .56+ O`oo`h]m` .4./ * ì @\oj \g ndb+ Cdjq\ii` R`i\nlp` di ^jioj _`gg\ kdoopm\ _`ô lp\_md k`m g\ ^cd`n\+++ .1 î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ Ojkkm+) .-54) a+ /5/+ Kooj]m` .4./ * | =g kdoojm` Cdjq\iid Pjmm` \ ^jhkdh`ioj _d _+ 35*0*.2 k`m g\ kdoopm\ _`ô lp\_md o\ioj _`ggô\m^cd _`gg` ^\kk`gg`) lp\ioj _d lp`ggd njkm\ g\ kjmo\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\+++ 21*0*.2+ =g ndb+ =i_m`\ Koo\d\ij =m^cdo`ooj k`m \q`m a\ooj opood gd _dn`bid ` hj_`ggd) ` \nndnodoj ^jiodip\h`io` k`m kdá h`nd k`m g\ njg`iido{ _`g ijnomj O\ioj =i_m`\ =q`ggdij ^ji kÑgdu\ _`g L\_m` Lmj^pm\ojm` IdipoÑgj k`m gj O\gq\ojm`+++ 3- î+ Eqd) a+ /50q+ /1 jooj]m` .4.1 * ì =g N`q+ L\_m` @+ Bm\i^`n^j Idipo\gj _+n`oo` ` bm+ .5 ` k`m `nnj \g Odb+ @jh`id^j =iojidj R\^^\mj) njij \ ^jhkdh`ioj _d _+ .352) \oo`nj gô\gomd ndi \ _`oo\ nphh\ g ôc\ md^`qpod _\ `nnj di _dq`mn` qjgo` _` ^jio\iod ` kjgdn` _d >\i^cd di^gpnd di `nnd gd _+ 20*0 `n^jhkp* o\o`gd i`g kdbbdji` _\ `nnj _jpoj \gg\ ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) k`m ^\pn\ _`g kdbbdji` _`gg\ ]joo`b\) ` ^\h`m\ ndo` njooj g\ n\gdo\ _d O+ L`odoj \g di^jiomj g` ajnn` _`g bm\ij) k`m opooj gd 1 _d I\bbdj .4.1) ^jh` k`m np\ md^`po\ \kk\m`) lp\gd _+ .352 n` gd njij k\b\od k`m g ôdiam\n^mdoo\ ^\pn` ^dj~ _+ 51k`m g ôdiod`mj km`uuj) q\gjm`) ` k\b\h`iod _d .1 ]\n`) ^ji npjd kdg\nomd _d

/-5

K>G:MH KNHMHEH

h\mhj ]d\i^j n^\ii`gg\oj) ` k\m_dbgdj) \gg\ m\bbdji` _d _+n`nn\io\ g ôpij _d^j g ôdhj+ @j^\od 303*/*.- k`m opood gd h`hcm`ood _d ]m`^^d\ _d Bm\i^d\ kjnod di jk`m\ \ ad\i^cd _d _`ood kdg\nomd i`g \m^\o\ _`gg\ gjmj ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj dhkjmo\iodij k\ghd 34-+ @j^\od 06*/*.6 k`m k\ghd .-4 _d g\* qjmj _`ggd uj^^jgd _d h\mhj ]d\i^j) ` k\m_dbgdj njooj _`ood h`h]m`ood _d ]m`^^d\+ @j^\od .3*0*2 k`m k\ghd 12 ndhdgh`io` _d h\mhj ]d\i^j di _p` uj^^jgd bm\i_d kjnod i`g di^m`nnj _`gg\ kjmo\ h\bbdjm` \ g\oj _`ggd ^ji* a`nndji\mde+ @j^\od 15 k`m lp\oomj ]\n` _d h\mhj ]d\i^j) ` k\m_dbgdj kjno` _p` njooj gd kdg\nomd _ô\mb`ioj _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g gjmj L\omd\m^c\ O+ C\`* o\ij kjno` i`gg\ _`oo\ \m^\o\) ` _p` \gomd njooj gd kdg\nomd _ô\mb`ioj _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g gjmj O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij) ndop\o\ i`gg\ ^mp^d`m{ _ô`nn\ ?cd`n\+ @j^\od 2- k`m _p` \mh` _`gg\ gjmj N`gdbdji` _d h\mhj ]d\i^cj ^ji g\qjmd _d ]\nnj mdgd`qj) ` jmi\h`iod _d ]m`^^d\ ndop\od i`ggd _`ood kdg\nomd _ô\m* b`ioj \q\iod _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g gjmj L\omd\m^c\ O+ C\`o\ij+ @j^\od .- k`m gd h`h]m`ood _d ]m`^^d\ _d Bm\i^d\ kjnod \ g\od _d _`oo` =mhd) ` _j^\od 21*.*.5 njij di ^jioj _`ggd g\qjmd) no\ a\^`i_j i`ggd kdg\nomd) ]\n`) ` h`h* ]m`ood k`m g\ ^mp^d`m{ _d _`oo\ ^cd`n\+++ î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..1/) a+ .-2+ 0. h\muj .4.4 * @jh`id^j =iojidj R\^^\mj md^`q` _+.-) \ ^jhkd* h`ioj _d _+ /465*.*4) ì di ^jioj _`ggd g\qjmd _d h\mhj c\ a\ooj) ` no\ a\^`i_j i`d kdg\nomd _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..2.) a+ 0+ .0 h\bbdj .4.4 * ì =ggd Odb+ Cjq`mi\ojmd _`ggôAno\pmdo\ _d OO+ Ld`omj) ` L\jgj _+ _d`^`) ` k`m gjmj \gg\ ?\n\) ` ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj I\b* bdjm` \ ^jhkgdh`ioj _d _+ ^`ioj _d`^`+++ ` k`m gpd \ I\nomj Jd^jg\ P\h* h\mj h\mhjm\mj \ ^jhkgdh`ioj _` _+ hdgg` ^dilp`^`ioj) `o jooj oo+ .*/) \oo`nj g ô\gomd g ôc\ md^`qpod o\ioj _\ gpd) lp\ioj _\g L+ @+ Cdj7 >\oo\ ?\* m\^^djgj di _dq`mn` qjgo` ^jh` _\gg` k\modo` _d >\i^cd \ lp\gd ` lp\gd _+ .2-5*.*/ njij \ ^jioj _` _+ hdgg` n`d^`ioj) ^c` n` gd _`qjij k`m dg k\qd* h`ioj _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) m`no\i_j \ ^jin`bpdm` k`m _`oo\ ^\pn\ njg\* h`io` _+ ijq\ioôpij oo+ 0*.5) `o k`m gpd \_ =ib`gj L\^` k`m \gomd o\iod î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..1/) a+ 5+

Egd @`^jm\udji` _`gg` i\q\o` g\o`m\gd .44/*40 * ì =g h\nomj Ei_jm\ojm` Cdpn`kk` ?\i_d_j _+ 55 k`m opoo\ g ôdi_jm\opm\ \ hdnopm\ a\oo\ i`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ ` ^pkjgdij _d O+ ?\mgj) ^c` ap g\ kmdh\ k`m kmjq\+ = C\`o\ij P\g`ioj kdoojm` _+ 13 k`m opoo\ g\ kdoopm\ \ am`n^j a\oo\ i`gg\ np_`oo\ ^\kk`gg\) ^pkjgdij) ` kdg\nomd k`m kmpjq\+

< YW ' + & J \kjgd+ >\ndgd^\ O+ L \ j gj I \bbdjm`+ L\mod^jg\m` i\q\o\ ^`iom\g` %ajoj C + Njnn`gg&+

=HGMB LNEE: L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

/-6

+++=g h\nomj Ei_jm\ojm` Cdpn`kk` ?\i_d_j _+ .06- k`m g ô\kk\g_j ^jg h`_`ndhj a\ooj _d opoo\ g ôdi_jm\opm\ \ hdnopm\ _`gg` \gom` 4 ^pkjg`) ` ^\kk`gg` _d _`oo\ ^cd`n\) \_ jmj adij g\ ^pkjg\) ` ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij ^ji bgd \m^cd) ^c` ^jhkm`i_jij _`oo\ ^pkjg\) ` om` \gomd \m^cd) _p` _`ô lp\gd ^jmmdnkji_jij \gg\ i\q` bm\i_` _`gg\ ^cd`n\) `_ . i`gg\ ^mj^d`m\7 _d opoo\ g\ kdoopm\ \ bp\uuj _d _`oo` ^pkjg`) ` ^\kk`gg`) `^^`ooj lp`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) ` opood gd kdg\nomd _d _`oo` ^pkjg` \ am`n^j7 _d opood bgd \^^j* hj_d _d nop^^j _d _`oo` ^pkjg`) _d opoo\ g\ oji\^\ \ am`n^j _d _`ood kdg\nomd) ` md^\^^d\m` opood bgd \m\]`n^cd \g kd\ij _d njkm\ _`g ^jmid^dji` ndij \g ^jm* id^dji` _`gg\ qjgo\ di^gpndq` ^ji k`^d\mgj _d ]d\i^j) ` a\m` d nlp\m^d \ bp\uuj \ opood d adi`nomjid _`gg\ ^cd`n\+ = Bm\o+ =i_m`\ >\m]\i_j _+ .6/*1*.2) ^dj~ _+ ./- k`m bgd \idod kd^^jgd ^c` njij n`mqdod k`m g` ^pkjg`) ` ^\kk`gg`) ` k`m P\ggdoj bm\i_` n`m* qdoj k`m g ô\m^j h\bbdjm` _`g ^jmj) ` k`m pi ^\mmj _\ kjmo\mnd di bdmj k`m opoo\ g\ ^cd`n\) ^c` \mmdq\q\ adij \g ^jmid^dji` njooj g\ qjgo\) \aadi` _d kjo`m kjgdm`) ` _dkdib`m` opooj dg kd\ij _d njkm\ \g ^jmid^dji`7 \gomd _+ 11 k`m _p` ^ji` _d g`bij a\oo` i`gg` ^\kk`gg` _d O+ ?\mgj) ` _`gg\ J\odqdo{8 \gomd _+ 1 k`m g` o\qjg`oo` kjno` \ggd 1 ^\iojid _`gg` jooj ^pkjg`) \gomd _+ 0*0 k`m gd nom\b\ggd di_jm\od kjnod \ggd _p` lp\_md di aji_j \gg` _p` i\qd8 \gomd _+ .*1*.- k`m ojhk\bi\opm\ a\oo\ \gg` 1 id^^cd` i`gg\ ^pkjg\ _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ ?\mgj8 \gomd _+ .*/*2 k`m pi \mh\bbdj _d g`bij k`m dg o`ooj a\ooj njkm\ dg adi`nomji` _`gg\ n\bm`nod\ _`ô Lm`od+++ =g Ldoojm` Rdi^`iuj >mpij _+ 02) ^dj~ _+ /- k`m opood bgd \m\]`n^cd a\ood \g kd\ij _d njkm\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _d bd\ggj apjmd _`ggô\kk\g_j7 ` _+ .2 k`m \gom` kdoopm` nom\jm_di\md` a\oo` \ am`n^j) \ bp\uuj) `_ \ q`mid^` k`m g\ ^cd`n\) ` ^\kk`gg`+ +++=g h\nomj h\mhjm\mj Jd^jg\ L`odij _+ .1/) ^dj~ _+ /1 k`m \q`m n^\mk`gg\o` opoo` g` ]\n` _d kdk`hj _`gg` _p` i\qd) ` kjno\qd g\ n^\bgdjg\) ` _+ ..5 k`m 2 ^jmid^djid _d h\mhj a\ood i`gg\ ^\kk`gg\) ` bdmj _d opood d kdg\nomd _`gg\ ^pkjg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) di^gpnjqd dg h\mhj ]d\i^j _`gg\ ^\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) g` ]\n` \gg\ kjmo\ _d _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\) ` k`m opood bgd \gomd m`nd_de ` kjgdopm\ _d h\mhd a\ood di _`oo\ ^cd`n\ î =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..-0) a+ 16. o+*16/m+ @d^`h]m` .44/ * ì =ggd kdoojmd _`gg\ ^cd`n\ /*/ k`m gjmj m`b\gj _ôjm* _di` _`g L\_m` Lm`kjndoj k`m \q`m o`mhdi\oj opoo\ gôjk`m\ î+ Eqd) a+ /./+

ER ?\kk`gg\ _`g >+ L\jgj >pm\gd _ô=m`uuj =bjnoj .44/ * ì L`m m`b\gj \ggd a\]md^\ojmd _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`g >+ =m`uuj+++ -*/*- î+

/.-

K>G:MH KNHMHEH

O`oo`h]m` .44/ * ì =ggj nop^^\ojm` _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`g >+ =m`uuj k`m pi\ h\ibd\o\ _d h\^^\mjid+++ -*0*- î+ =kmdg` .440 * ì =ggd h\mhjm\md _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`g >+ =m`uuj k`m gjmj m`b\gj di \q`m odm\oj g` ^jgjii` _d _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\+++ -*1*-+ L`m m`b\gj \ lp`ggj ^c` c\ kjmo\oj dg lp\_mj _d _`ooj >`\oj+++ -*.*- î+ Eqd) a+ 144m ` q+ =io` bdpbij .440 * \ =g a`mm\m`) ^c` c\ a\ooj g\ ^\i^`gg\o\ i`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g >`\oj) ^ji \q`m kjnoj mjojg\ 03 _d a`mmj ipjqj) ` k`m \q`m g\qjm\oj mjojg\ .44 _d a`mmj q`^^cdj+++ /4*1*.3+ = I\nomj =ib`gj gôjooji\m` _+ 23 k`m g\qjm\opm\ _d gd]+ 052 _d jooji` _d lp`no\ ^\n\) ` k`m gd]m` 2- _ôjooji` ipjqj kjnoj _\g h`_`ndhj \gg\ ^\i^`gg\o\ _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g >`\oj ^c` nd ~ mdijq\o\ k`m kjmoj) kjid* opm\ di jk`m\) ` \gomj+ =g h\nomj h\mhjm\mj =iojidj _d Hp^^\ _+ 0/ k`m h`o{ _`ggd 31 k`m gd g\qjmd _d a\]]md^\ kjnod i`g hpmj _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`g >`\oj) jgom` _`g ^jiq`ipoj i`ggôEnomph`ioj nodkpg\oj om\ `nnj) `_ dg Odb+ @jh`id^j _ô=m`uuj) \ ^pd nd ~ ^`_poj dg epn L\_mji\oj _d _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\) ` _\g np_`ooj nd k\b\ g ô\gom\ h`o{ _`ô np_`ood _+ 31+ =g np_`ooj _+ /- k\b\od ^ji k\m`m` _`ggôEib`bi`m` @+ Cdjq\iid _`g C\dnj k`m dg _d kdá a\ooj njkm\ g\ ^jkmdopm\ _d _`oo\ ^\kk`gg\+ +++=g h\nomj h\mhjm\mj =iojidj _` Hp^^\ _+ 2*/*.- k`m q\gpo\ _`gg\ ^\nn\ _d kd`om\ _d C`ijq\ a\oo\ k`m njooj g ô\go\m` _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g >`\oj jq` no\ mdkjnoj dg ^jmkj _`g h`_`ndhj+ =g np_`ooj _+ 06*.*.- k`m o`g\m` _d m\h` di_jm\o\ \_ jmj adij) ` g\ kjmo`gg\ \i^c` _d m\h\ di_jm\o\) ^jg npj ^mdno\ggj \g kmdhj o`g\m`) ` ^ji n`mm\opm\ \g _`ooj kmdhj o`g\m`) ` _p` \gg\ kjmo\) ^c` nd njij kjno` \ggôpmi\ _d h\mhj ndop\o\ njooj g\ h`in\ _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`g >`\oj) ` k`m^c} opooj nd ~ a\ooj k`m h\bdjm ^pnoj_d\ _`g _`ooj >`\oj) k`m^dÖ g\ np_`oo\ nk`n\ nd ~ a\oo\ _\gg\ ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ` iji bd{ _\g _`ooj Odb+ @+ @jh`id^j _ô=m`uuj î+ Eqd) a+ 160q * 161m+

R B\^^d\o\ ` kmjnk`ood g\o`m\gd .440 ^+ * Q =g h\nomj nop^^\ojm` @jh`id^j O\iopggj _+ 04- k`m \q`m a\ooj _d ipjqj opooj gôjm_di` _d njkm\ _`gg\ a\^^d\o\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ _d nop^^j ^ji h\o`md\gd) \ o`ijm` _`g _dn`bij ajmh\oji` _\ggôEib+m` @+ Kmji* udj _` ?ji^dgddn) `_ di_d mdiijq\oj opooj g ôjm_di` _d njooj+++ k`m \q`m odio\ _d q\md ^jgjmd opoo\ g\ a\^^d\o\ _d _`oo\ ^cd`n\ î+ Eqd) ajg+ 16. o+ I\bbdj .440 * l[ L`m pi\ h\ibd\o\ \ggd nop^^\ojmd ^c` c\iij o`m* hdi\o\ g\ a\^^d\o\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ -*/*.- î+ Eqd) ajg+ 145+

=HGMB LNEE: L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

/..

Jjq`h]m` .440 * \ =g h\nomj a\]md^\ojm` Cdj7 ?`n\mdj _+ .-- di ^jioj _`gg\ a\]md^\ _`gg\ a\^^d\o\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ a\oo\ _d ipjqj k`m `nn`m g`ndji\o\ î+ Eqd) ajg+ /.2 o+ I\muj .441 * ^^ L`m _p` m`b\gd _d ampood _d _dnk`in\ a\ood pij \g N`bdj Eib+ @+ Cdpn`kk` =no\mdo\) ` g ô\gomj \ @+ Agd\ >d\i^cd ^c` c\iij _dm`oo\ g\ a\]md^\ _`gg\ a\^^d\o\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ i`gg\ mda\udji` _`gg\ h`_`ndh\ 5*0*- î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) .-61) n d + =bjnoj .45. * ì =g I\nomj Oop^^\ojm` @jh`id^j O\iopggd _+ .0^ji kÑgdu\ ^jh` njkm\ WLjkjgjY) di nj_dna\udji` _d opooj gj nop^^j a\ooj \gg\ a\^^d\o\ _`gg\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ _d ijnom\ ^cd`n\ _\gg\ k\mo` _`gg\ ?ji^`* udji` ` _`gg\ h`o{ _`gg\ nk`n\ a\oo\ i`g ?cdjnomj _d _`iomj g\ ijnom\ ^\n\ k`m nop^^j ` h\o`md\g` î+ Eqd+ Jjq`h]m`g452 * ì =g I\nomj Oop^^\ojm` @jh`id^j O\iopggj _+ /2 \ ^jhkdh`ioj _d _+ 2-) `_ di ^jioj _`ggj nop^^j no\ a\^`i_j i`gg\ a\^* ^d\o\ _`gg\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ _`gg\ ^cd`n\ î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) .-6.) ajg+ /.3+ =kmdg` .453 * ì =g I\nomj nop^^\ojm` @jh`id^j O\iopggj _+ /2) \ ^jhkdh`ioj _d _+ .42) `_ di ^jioj _`gg\ a\^^d\o\ _d nop^^j a\oo\ \gg\ kjmo\ kd^^jg\ _d ijnom\ ^cd`n\ î+ Eqd) ajg+ /.4 o+

RE ?\kk`gg\ _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij O`oo`h]m` .4/2 * Q =g Odb+m @jh`id^j =iojidj R\^^c\mj ^ji kjgdn\ hd\ k`m dg Ljkjgj _d _j^\od q`iod _dnnd k\b\mn`gd _\ lp`no\ ^\n\ _d O\i L\jgj k`m g ô\nndno`iu\) ` _dm`udji` a\oo\ `_ c\po\ k`m gd bm\_did) ` ^pnoj_d\ k`m dg n\ibp` _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij a\oo` di kd`om` km`udjn`) ]mjiud) ` m\h` di_jm\o`) ` ndop\od i`g \go\m` _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _d _`ooj O\ioj) m`no\i_j ^ji _`ooj k\b\h`ioj diod`m\h`io` nj_dna\ooj _d _`oo\ np\ _dm`uudji`) `_ \nndno`iu\ a\oo\ k`m _`ood g\qjmd i} m`no\ \gomj _\ ^jin`bpdm` _\ lp`no\ ?\n\ _d O\i L\jgj+ = Rdoj ?\ib`hd n`b\ojm` _d kd`om` km`udjn` k`m g\ kd`om\ =h\odno\ ^c` nd ~ _jqpo\ ^jhkm\m`) ` n`b\m` k`m g\ ^pnoj_d\ _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij _\oj k`m h\ij _`g L+ Rd^\mdj _j^+ O`_d^d+ =g I`_`ndhj L+ Rd^\mdj k`m m`b\gj _d ^jn` _jg^`) ` ^dj^^jg\o\ _\o\ \g Odb+ @jh`id^j =iojidj R\^^\mj pido\h`io` ^ji g\ kjgdn\ np_`oo\ _d _j^+ /-) k`m dg h`_`ndhj adi` m`bdnom\oj i`gg\ kjgdn\ /*/ î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) .-56) ajg+ .1.+ =kmdg` .4/4 * ì = ggôc`m`_d _`g lh ndb+ Cdpn`kk` =q`ggdij ^ji kj* gdn\ di o`no\ _`g njoo+ k`m dg Ljkjgj di _\o\ _` /1 \kmdg` .4/4 _+ 2) _dnn`

/./

K>G:MH KNHMHEõ

\ ^jhkgdh`ioj _d _+ 06-+++ k`m gd bm\_did) ` kd`_d no\ggd) ` ^pnoj_d\ k`m mdkjmm` dg n\ibp` _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij a\oo` di m\h` di_jm\o`) ` kd`om\ km`odjn\+++ î) Eqd) ajg+ .24+ Jjq`h]m` .441 * ì L`m m`b\gj \ggd bdjq\id _`g h\mhjm\mj ^c` c\iij kjnoj dg L\gdjooj \ggô\go\m` _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij 0 î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..-0) ajg+ //- o+ @d^`h]m` .441 * ì =g h\nomj h\mhjm\mj =iojidj _d Hp^^\ _+ ..4*.*3) ^dj~ _+ .-- k`m dg L\gdjooj _d h\mhj a\ooj \ggô\go\m` _d O+ =i* _m`\ =q`ggdij) ` _+ .4*.*3 k`m o\iod _\g h`_`ndhj nk`nd k`m g\ ^mj^` _d m\h\ di_jm\o\) ` k`m opood bgd \gomd adidh`iod î+ Eqd) ajg+ / / - .+ =kmdg` .5-1 * ì = @ + C`ii\mj _d Hp^^\ h\nomj h\mhjm\mj _+ 0^ji kjgdn\ ^jh` njkm\ WLjkjgjY di ^jioj _`ggd .6- n\g_j _`g km`uuj _`ô g\qjmd _d h\mhj a\ood _`g lp\_mj _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij bdpno\ gd ^jiod \kkpm\od8 \oo`nj g ô\kkm`uuj a\ooj _\ @+ Id^c`g` _`g C\duj di _+ 012*22) _`_jood _+ .13 q\gjm` `aa`oodqj di hji`o\ _`ggd _+ /3- _d ^\mo` k\b\o`gd ^dj~ _+ .-- di n`oo`h]m` .465) di _d^`h]m` _`ggj no`nnj \gomd _+ .--) ` _+ 3- \ /6 \kmdg` .466) `_ \]]`i^c} dg m`nd_pj apnn` _d _+ .66*22) kpm` nd ~ md_joo\ _`oo\ njh\ _d _+ .6-) ji_` \oo`ioj dg kpiop\g` k\b\h`ioj m`no\ njgj \ ^jin`bpdm` \gomd _+ .3- î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ...1) n+a+

REE

\i^j WLj* kjgjY) ` njij \ ^jioj _d 5 ]\nnd mdgd`qd) ^c` dg h`_`ndhj _`q` ajmh\m` _d nop^^j i`gg\ ijnom\ R`i`m\]dg` ?cd`n\) ` kmjkmdj _p` i`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ =i_m`\ =q`ggdij) 1 i`gg\ omd]pi\ _`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) ` _p` np gd njkm\kjmod) \i_\i_j \ npj ^jioj jbid njmo\ _d h\o`md\gd) ^c` j^^jmm` k`m g\ ajmh\udji` _`ggd h`_`ndhd) _jq`i_jgd njhhdidnom\m` dg gpjbj njgj g ô\idoj) ` ^jq`mopm` j^^jmm`iod8 dg opooj \bbdpno\oj k`m dg km`uuj _d _+ .01) _\ k\b\m^`gd \q\iu\i_j dg np_`ooj dg npj g\qjmj î+ Eqd+ 1 a`]]m\dj .5-2 * ì = ggôdi_jm\ojm` O+m Rdi^`iuj Ojmm`iodij _+ /k`m _`ooj >\i^j WLjkjgjY) njij di ^jioj _`gg` np` a\od^c`) ` k`m lp`gg` _`q` a\m` i`gg\ ijnom\ R`i`m\]dg` ?cd`n\) ` kmjkmdj i`ggd 3 Ldg\nomd kmdi* ^dk\gd _`gg\ _`oo\ ?cd`n\) ` opoo\ g\ omd]pi\ _`gg\ R`i`m\]dg` ?\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij8 \i_\i_j \ npj ^jioj g ôdib`nn\m`) bm\oo\m`) `_ dhkmdhdm}) ^j* h` \i^c` g\ _dkdiopm\ opoo\ \ h\mhj) `_ \ o`ijm` _`ô h\mhd _`gg\ np* _`oo\ ?cd`n\ `ndno`iod) ` njooj g\ _dm`udji` _`g Lmja`nnjm` @+ =ib`gj Rdq\+ I`ij ^c` bgd jooj ]\nnd mdgd`qd) ^c` _`q` ajmh\m` dg np_`ooj Rdq\) ` k`m opooj lp`ggj ^c` j^^jmm`m{ k`m gd h`_`ndhd8 _jq`i_jn`i` no\m` \ggô\kkm`uuj

=HGMB LNEE: < A B> L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

/.0

_d `nnj Rdq\+++ ` opoo\ g\ np_`oo\ jk`m\ _`q` `nn`m` o`mhdi\o\ k`m opooj dg q`iopmj h`n` _d \kmdg` ^jmm`io` \iij .5-2) ` k`m dg km`uuj _d bm\i\ .. dg k\ghj lp\_m\oj+++ î+ Eqd+ .5 h\muj .5-2 * ì = @ + =g`nn\i_mj Bdn^c`ood _+ ./ k`m _`ooj >\i^j WLjkjgjY) di nj_dna\udji` _`gg\ a\od^\ a\oo\ di _dkdib`m` om` adbpm` di om` qpjod _`gg\ ^ji\ _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _d O+ C\`o\ij) \ o`ijm` _`g ^jiq`ipoj î+ Eqd+

R dgd ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ I\_jii\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ 4 Kooj]m` .323 * ì ?jnodopdod di km`n`iu\ ijnom\ dg Odb+ @+ @d`bj _d >`mi\m_j) ` I`i_ju\ dio`mq`id`io` \gg` ^jn` diam\n^mdoo` k`m n`) _\ pi\ k\mo`+ A Ld`omj =iojidj R\g`iodid) ` >\mojgjh`j Ijmd h\mhjm\md dio`m* q`id`iod ndhdgh`io` \gg` ^jn` diam\n^mdoo` k`m `nnd) ` ^d\n^pij _d gjmj di njgd_ph) ` k`m gd gjmj c`m`_d) ` np^^`nnjmd _\ggô\gom\ k\mo`+ =nn`mdn^jij \q\iod _d ijd) ^jh` `nn`i_j k`mq`ipod) gd bdjmid k\n* n\od \_ `nnj Odb+ @.+ @d`bj pi\ gdhjndi\ _d _j^\od ^`ioj k`m g\ ^\kk`gg\ _`gg\ I\_jii\ OO+h\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ _`iomj g\ ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\pgj I\bdjm` _d J\kjgd _` ?g`md^d N`bjg\md P`\odid) `o dio`i_`i_j \kkgd^\mg\ di \gom` ^jn` k`m n`mqdodj _d _`oo\ ^\kk`gg\) lp`ggôdno`nnj) ^c` ^d g\ _d`_` qjgn` `nkm`nn\h`io`) ^c` _jq`nn` n`mqdmndi` k`m ^jhdi^d\m` gd kdg\nomd I\bbdjmd _`ggô=m^j i`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ np_`oo\8 ` ]`i^c} `nnj Odb+ @+ @d`bj no\nn` \g* lp\ioj _p]djnj i`g ^jhdi^d\m` g\ _`oo\ jk`m\ ^ji nd kj^\ lp\iodo{ _d _`i\mj) ipgg\ _d h`ij ^jiad_\oj i`gg\ njgdo\ Lm`qd_`iu\ _d @dj J+O+m` ` i`gg\ nk`mdh`io\o\ kmjo`oodji`) ` gd]`m\gdo{ _`gg\ R`mbdi` OO+h\) `o Lp* mdnndh\) c\ mdnjgpoj _d a\m ^jhdi^d\m` ^ji lp`no\ gdhjndi\ gd _`ood Ldg\nomd) nd^pmj ^c` _d ]m`q` q`mm\iij \gom` gdhjndi`) ^c` ]\no`m\iij iji njgj k`m ^jhkgdh`ioj _`g km`uuj _`ggd _`ood Ldg\nomd) h\ \i^jm\ k`m gd Jd^^cd) `o \gomd jmi\h`iod _`gg\ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ ndij \gg\ np\ diod`m\ k`ma`oodji` ^ji* ajmh` c\ _`ooj ndb+m` nk`mdh`io\oj k`m gj k\nn\oj `nn`i_j lp`no\ ^\kk`gg\ _`_d^\o\ \gg\ kpmdo{ _`gg\ bm\i I\_m` _d @dj k`m podg` pidq`mn\g` _d opood) \^^dÖ ^ji lp`nod \]]`ggdh`iod m`nod @dj bgjmdad^\oj) `o dg Ljkpgj diad\h* h\oj \gg\ _`qjodji` _`gg\ kpmdo{ _d I\md\) ` k`m ^dÖ `nn`^podji` _`g np_* _`ooj ~ q`ipoj ^ji gd _`ood Ld`omj =iojidj) ` >\mojgjh`j \ggôdiam\n^mdoo\ ^jiq`iodji` ^dj~+ Lmdhd`m\h`io` `nnd Ld`omj =iojidj) ` >\mojgjh`j) ` ^d\n^pij _ô`nnd di njgd_ph kmjh`oojij k`m njg`ii` nodkpg\odji` \g _`ooj ndb+ @+ @d`bj lpd km`n`io` _d a\m` \ gjmj kmjkmd` nk`n`) ` a\od^c` gd _p` kdg\nomd h\bbdjmd _`ggô=m^j i`gg\ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ _d O+ I\md\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ _d h\mhd) ` hd* n^cd) ^jiajmh` \g Ij_`ggj) ^c` no\ di jkm\ _d o`g\ i`gg\ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\)

,+.

K>G:MH KNHMHEH

`o \]]`ggdmgj lp\ioj kdá nd kpÖ) `o \i^j a\m` _p` Jd^^cd qd^dij gd _`ood Ldg\nomd _`ggôdno`nnd I\mhd) ` Idn^cd) ^jiajmh` dg _dn`bij) ^c` nd ^jin`mq\ di kjo`m` _`g _`ooj ndb+ @+ @d`bj+ L`mÖ nd ^jiq`i` am\ `nn` k\mod ^c` nd _`]d\ij kmdh\ ^jhdi^d\m`) ` adidm` ojo\gh`io` gd _`ood _p` Ldg\nomd) ` kjd gd _`ood Jd^^cd di^gpnd i`ggd _`ood Ldg\nomd) ` di^gpnd gd >\n\h`iod) ` ^dh\n`+ A lp`noj k`m h`uuj ^dj~ gd _`ood Ldg\nomd _d _+ n`d^`ioj ^dilp\io\) ` gd _p` _`ood id^^cd _d _+ ^dilp`^`ioj+ Ei ^jioj _` lp\gd _+ 32- km`uuj _`ggd _`ood Ldg\nomd gd _`ood Ld`omj =iojidj) ` >\mojgjh`j c\iij md^`qpoj di km`n`iu\ ijnom\ _`g _`ooj ndb+m @+ @d`bj _+ n`nn\io\ _d ^jio\iod ^jind* no`iod di hji`o\ _ôjmj) `o km`^dn` di o\iod V`^^cdid+ A gd m`no\iod km`uud _`gg` _`oo` _p` jk`m`) dg _`ooj ndb+ @d`bj \i_`m\ nj_dna\^`i_j \ggd _`ood Ld`omj =iojidj) `o >\mojgjh`j ^jiajmh` g\ np\ kjnnd]dgdo{) ` ^jiajmh` \i^j g` ^\mdo{) ^c` g` q`mm\iij _\o`) _`nd_`m\i_j `nnd ndb+ @+ @d`bj ^jg kmjkmdj n\ibp` k`ma`oodji\m` g ôjkm\ np_`oo\ ^jh` ?\kk`gg\ \nnjgpo\) `o k\mod^jg\m` _`gg\ I\_jii\ OOemi\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{) ` nk`m\i_j k`m np\ dio`m^`nndji` q`_`mg\ lp\ioj kmdh\ adido\) `o \]]`ggdo\ ^jiajmh` dg _dn`bij a\ooj) ` lp`noj apjm _ôjbid ajmu\ ph\i\) h\ ^ji g\ njg\ nk`m\iu\ _`gg\ _dqdi\ km`qd_`iu\+ Ao \ggôdi^jiomj `nnd Ld`omj =iojidj) `o >\mojgjh`j kmjh`oojij g\* qjm\m` i`gg` _`oo` jk`m` ^jiajmh` dg _`i\mj) ^c` dg _`ooj ndb+ @+ @d`bj g ô\i_`m{ njhhdidnom\i_j) _d hj_j ^c` dg g\qjmj a\ooj nd\ n`hkm` `lpdq\* g`io` \g _`i\mj ^c` c\q`m\iij md^`qpoj+++ î+ =+OFJ+) Jjo\dj Odgq`mdj =i* ojidj Pji`ggd) n`^+ TREE) n^c`_\ 120) kmjo+ 4) aa+ 03/q* 031q+ O`oo`h]m` .35- * ì = Cdjn`kk` =gg`bmj \ ^jioj _`gg\ ^\i^`gg\o\ _ôjooji` k`m g\ ^\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ k`m g\ Ld`o{ ^ji kjgdn\ di o`no\ hd\8 k`m g\ km`_`oo\ k\bj _+ ^dilp\io\ î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..--) n+a+ Kooj]m` .35- * ì = Cdjn`kk` =gg`bmj) k`m ^jioj _`gg\ ^\i^`gg\o\ _ôjooji` nd g\qjm\ k`m g\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ I\_jii\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{8 ^jio\iod k`m h\ij _d Cdj7 @jh`id^j Rdi\^^d\ _+ ijq\io\) ` k`m g\ Ld`o{ _+ 5-) di o`no\ _d @+ C`mjidhj _`ggd Ijiod O\ia`gd^`+++ î+ Eqd+ B`]]m\dj .35. * | L`m kjmo\opm\ _`gg\ ^\i^`gg\o\ _d jooji` i`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ _\gg\ nom\_\ _d O+ Cd\^jhj _+ .*.*.-+

: @agk]hh] :dd]_jg& h]j dY [Yf[]ddYlY \ñgllgf] \]ddY +h\ R`mbdi` _`gg\ Lpmdo{) uj^^jg`ooj _d k\m* _dbgdj) am`bbdj8 `o k`m \nn`oo\m` gj k\qdh`ioj dibm\i_doj8 k\b\oj k`m dio`mj n\g_j k`m opood _`ood g\qjmd _d h\mhd) ` om\ajmd _+ lpdi_d^d î+ Eqd+

=HGMB LNEE: L: G:IHE>M:G: =B L ( I:HEH F:@@BHK>

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O`oo`h]m` .35/ * ì = >\mojgjh`j I\mhjm\mj k`m n\g_j m`qdnoj _\g Odb+ @djidndj ^dm^\ dg uj^^jgj ipjqj a\ooj i`gg\ ^\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ 2*-*- î+ Eqd+ .3 ijq`h]m` .36/ * Q =g L+ @+ Bm\i^`n^j ?\k`^` IdipoÑgj) ` L+ @+ Pjhh\nj Ojmb`io` _+ ndoo\io\^dilp`) ` k`m `nnd \g L\_m` @+ C`mj* hdij Cd\ii`oo\ndj Lmj^pm\ojm` _`gg\ ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ` njij \ ^jhkgd* h`ioj _` _+ Koo\io\+++ gd h`_`ndhd gd]`m\od \gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ R`mbdi` O\io\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ `m`oo\ _`iomj g\ gjmj ^cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj ^jh` ^m`_domd^` _`g L\omdhjidj _`g lh+ ndb+m Jd^jgô=iojidj ?\k`^` Vpmgj) +++ ` _`oo\ gd* ]`m\udji` nd ~ a\oo\ \ _`oo\ ?\kk`gg\ ^jh` g`b\o\md\ _`gg\ lh+ @+ Ekjgdo\ _ô=aagdooj) lp\g` g\n^dÖ _`ooj ^\kdo\g` \gg\ h`_`ndh\ ?\kk`gg\ h\ ^ji g` np` \iip` `iom\o` _ô\iipd _+ ^`iojlp\m\io\ di nk`i_`mnd di \]]`ggdh`iod _ô`nn\ ^\kk`gg\ _\g lh+ am\ô @+ @d`bj _` >`mi\p_\) ` _jkj g\ np\ hjmo` _\g ?\kdojgj _d _`oo\ ?\n\ _`ggd lp\gd n` i ô~ a\oo\ kmj^pm\ \_ `nnd ^jh` k`m a`_` _`g L+ O`bm`o\mdj _`g ?\kdojgj) ` _d ijo\m =iojidj ?`mdggj ` k`m `nn\ \g L+ O`m\adij Bd`mgdibd`md ?\nnd`mj _`gg\ ?\n\ _d O+ L\jgj k`m _jq`mgd nk`i_`m` k`m _`ooj `aa`ooj _d njkm\ ` k`m `nnj \ C\`o\ij O\^^j h\mhj* m\mj di ^jioj _`ggôjk`m\ _d h\mhj km`n\ \ a\m` i`gg\ gjmj ?cd`n\ _d O+ L\jgj) ` kmjkmdj i`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ R`mbdi` OO+h\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ ^ji* ajmh` d hj_`ggd _d nop^^j _`gg\ h`_`ndh\ lp\g` jk`m\ m`no\ k\oopdo\ i`g n`bp`io` hj_j) ` k`m g ôdiam\n^mdood km`uud) ^dj~ ajbgd\hd \ ^\mgdid om`io\* ^dilp` dg k\ghj lp\ooj) g` ]m`^^` _d am\i^d\ _d Od^dgd\ q`m_d \iod^cd) ` bd\ggd \iod^cd ^ji g ôdno`nnj i`bmj \ ^\mgdid om`_d^d dg k\ghj) q`m_` _d ?\* g\]md\) ` bd\ggj _d O\m_`bi\ \ ^\mgdid _j_`^d) kpm^c} di J\kjgd iji nd omjq\nn` bd\ggj) ` q`m_` \iod^j n^jmid^d\oj i`gg` h`_`ndh\ ajmh\) ^c` bd{ njij di jk`m\ \ ^\mgdid _d`^`) ` a\oo\ ^jhkdo\ _d ojo\g` k`ma`oodji`) ^ji m`no\m` \ npj ^\md^j g\ kjmo\opm\) h\nomd\ _d a\]md^\ojm`) ` a`mmd) ` kdjh]j) `o \gomj k`m g\ ojo\g` kjndopm\) `o jk`m\ _d _`ood h\mhd) ^jh` \i^c` _ô\i`* omd) ` o\qjg` ^jg no\mi` _`gg\ _`oo\ k`ma`oodji`) ^jh` \i^c` hdnpm\ \g bdp* _d^dj _`g Odb+ Cdj7 @jh`id^j Rdi\^^d\ P\qjg\mdj _d lp`no\ ^doo{) ^ji _d^cd\m\udji` \i^c` ^c` g\ md^jgo\ _d ]m`^^` _d Od^dgd\) ` g ô\gomj _d ]m`^^d\ _d am\i^d\) ^c` \oop\gh`io` nd no\ a\od^\i_j) n`p g\qjm\i_j) nd\ kjnoj di jk`m\ di _`oo\ ^\kk`gg\ \gg\ adi` _`ggô`iom\io` h`n` _d jooj]m` .36/+++ î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) ..2.) a+ .-5+ =bjnoj + 1 * 1 * \ = h\nomj Jd^jg\ M Y e e Y jg di ^jioj _`g k\qdh`ioj _`gg\ ?\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{) ^jh` k`m ^\kdojgj) ` njij _`ggd _j^\od ..-.* .*1 _`ggd _`i\md _d Ijio\pmj î+ =+O+J+) Iji+ njkkm+) .-54&) a+ /05+ =kmdg` .4-5 * 9^ @\oj \ I\nomj Jd^jg\ P\hh\mj ndi _\ h`n` _d C`ii\mj .4-5 _j^+ n`nn\io\n`oo` \ n\g_j) ` ^jhkgdh`ioj _`ô h\mhd kjnod i`g k\qdh`ioj \q\iod g\ ^\kk`gg\ _`gg\ Lpmdo{ OO+h\ î+ Eqd) a+ /10+

/.3

K>G:MH ANHMHEH

ET Ndom\ooj _d ?g`h`io` TE i`g ^cdjnomj O`oo`h]m` .4./ * | =g n^jgojm` Jd^jg\ I\uuji` di _p` k\modo` ^dj~ _+ _d`^d ^jio\iod) ` _+ .0*0*4 k`m dg O\gq\ojm`) ` njij \ ^jioj _`g h`_\* bgdji` ` kpoodid a\ooj _`g Ojhhj Ljio`ad^` ?g`h`io` TE î+ Eqd) a+ / 5 . .+ Kooj]m` .4./ * ì = Jd^jg\ I\uuji` n^jgojm` ^ji kÑgdu\ di o`no\ _`g L+m` Lmj^pm\ojm` k`m gj O\gq\ojm` \ ^jhkdh`ioj _d _+ 12 `_ \ ^jioj _d _+ ^`ioj+++ .- î+ Eqd) a+ /50+ Jjq`h]m` .4./ * 9o =g n^jgojm` Jd^jg\ I\uuji` \ ^jhk+ _d _+ 40*0*4) `o \ ^jioj _`ggôjk`m\ _` I\mhd a\) _\ kjmnd di kjmo\md\+++ /2 î+ Eqd) a+ /53+ C`ii\dj .4.0 * ì L`m g\ kdoopm\ \oojmij g\ h`_\bgd\ _`g L\k\ i`gg\ Ljmo\md\ ^ji k\_dbgdji` ^jmji\ dhk`md\g`) `o \gomj gph`bbd\oj _ôjmj \g kdoojm` C`ii\mj Kmndij+++ 2 î+ Eqd) a+ 00/+

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CE=J H QECE > NQVVKJA

J`ggô\iij /--. g\ ijnom\ Ndqdno\ kp]]gd^\q\ pi\ hjij* bm\ad\ np lp`noj q`n^jqj dg ^pd kjiodad^\oj ap ^jnÅ dmoj _d omd* ]jgd ` _d k`mn`^pudjid+ L`m lp\ioj g\ n`_` nd\ dio`h\udji\g`) iji n`iu\ m\bdji` ap \^^jgo\7 ` k`m `nn`m` o`\odij ` k`m m\kkm`n`io\m` pi `n`hkdj _d km`npg` di_jhdoj i`ggô\_`hkdh`ioj _`g kmjkmdj _j* q`m` k\nojm\g`) ^j`m`io` n`iu\ o`io`ii\h`iod) ad_`io` n`hkm` ` njgo\ioj i`ggô\pndgdj _dqdij+ Ann`i_j no\o\ jh`nn\ g ô\kk`i_d^`) n` i` kmjkji` g\ kmdh\ g`oo`m\ k\nojm\g`+ õ ijoj ^jh` k`m d q`n^jqd \iod^cd iji n`hkm` nd nd\ij ^jin`mq\o` g` g`oo`m` k\nojm\gd) \iud dg a`ijh`ij ~ kdá m\mj ^c` ^jhpi`) h\nndh` k`m _dj^`nd _d iji `^^`gn\ `iodo{+ P\^`i_j dg o\nnj _d \ga\]`oduu\udji`) jqqd\h`io` ]`i kdá ]\nnj _`bgd \oop\gd k\m\h`omd) g\ _dj^`nd n\]\ud\ ^jhkm`i_`q\ njgo\ioj pi\ lp\m\i* odi\ _d k\mmj^^cd` ^ji pi ojo\g` _d ^dilp\io\hdg\ \idh` \ggôdi* ^dm^\) i} qdb`q\ g\ ^jinp`op_di` _d _\mg` \gg` no\hk` X ?jhpi* lp` nd\ _d Ibm Okdijg\ m`no\ij om` g`oo`m` k\nojm\gd7 pi\ k`m g ô\q* q`ioj _`g .302 mdh\no\ kmjqqd_`iud\gh`io` h\ijn^mdoo\ ndij \./

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mphjm`n _` bp`mm\ `i ?\o\gpit\ î) gjn qj^\g`n _` Ank\É\7 k\_m`n F`i\mj ?\m\^^djgj) Fjn} N`to\ij) >`idoj >juujhj t Rd^`io` H\i* am\i^cd %oj_jn do\gd\ijn& ij \^p_`i \ Njh\ t n` m`Üi`i `i V\* m\bju\ %E]d_`h&+ Aa`^odq\h`io` gjn mphjm`n _` bp`mm\ ap`mji ^d`mojn) ap` g\ N\h\_\ Cp`mm\ _` O`k\m\^dÑi j _` gjn O`b\_jm`n) oj_j `hk`uÑ ^ji pi\ m`qp`go\ ^\hk`ndi\ _`]d_\ \g m`^c\uj \ g\ km`n`i^d\ _` njg_\_jn \ lp` g`n j]gdbÑ pi\ kjgÄod^\ ì m`kpo\^djidno\ î %`i kmj _` g\ c`b`hjiÄ\ _` gjn D\bn]pmbj& t \bm`ndq\ %kp`n ì \Q ^USUcYTQT ^_ dYU^U \Ui î t kjm o\ioj ij n` m`nk`o\mji g\n dinodop^dji`n ^\o\* g\i\n t n` cduj ^\nj jhdnj _` g\ C`i`m\gdo\o&+ =nÄ) `g ^ji_`*_plp` _` Kgdq\m`n) \ k`n\m _` g\ ndop\^dÑi _` hdn`md\ _`g ^\hk`ndi\_j) g`n j]gdbÑ \g \gje\hd`ioj _` njg_\_jn t \ kmjkjm^dji\mg`n n\g) qd* i\bm`) ap`bj) h`n\ t n`mqd^dj bm\opdo\h`io`+ D\]Ä\ lp` \gdqd\m g\n adi\iu\n _` pi\ ^jmo` nd`hkm` `i bp`mm\ `i hÜgodkg`n am`io`n) g\n hdi\n \h`md^\i\n t\ ij m`i_Ä\i ^jhj \ adi`n _`g ndbgj TRE t gjn ^jmn\mdjn n\lp`\mji \gbÜi ]plp` ^ji g\ kg\o\ lp` n` _dmdbÄ\ \ C`ijq\) _ji_` `hk`u\]\ `g N\h\_j ^^ SQ]Y^_ Uc`Qs_\ î) kp`moj `i `g lp` gjn ]\ilp`mjn g\ ^\h]d\]\i `i hji`_\ k\m\ `g k\bj _` gjn `e}m^dojn dhk`md\g`n+ Ai .302 g\ Iji\mlpÄ\ Ddnkzid^\ c\]Ä\ `iom\_j `i bp`mm\ ^jiom\ Bm\i^d\) did^dÑ g\ ja`indq\ kjm g\ amjio`m\ j^^do\ij^\o\g\i\ t ajmuÑ g\ k\mod^dk\^dÑi _` ?\o\* gpit\) gj lp` ij c\]Ä\ gjbm\_j ^ji g\ QidÑi _` =mh\n ñ lp` j]gdb\]\ \ oj_jn gjn m`dijnñ ) gjn ^\o\g\i`n nÑgj _`]Ä\i gp^c\m `i bp`mm\ _`a`indq\ kjm g\ ^jinodop^dÑi ^^ Fbp^SU`c ^Q]aeU î+ H\ m`qp`go\ n` did^dÑ ^ji pi ^\mz^o`m nj^d\g) kp`n ij n` \^`ko\]\ \lp`N\ ndop\^dÑi jkm`ndq\ t `no\NÑ `g 4 _` epidj _` .31-) _Ä\ _`g ?jmkpn+ Qijn lpdid`iojn n`b\_jm`n n` c\]Ä\i ^jibm`b\_j `i >\m^`gji\ k\m\ n`m ^jiom\o\_jn) g`n njNqd\io\mji t g\ o`indÑi ^pghdiÑ `i di^d_`io`n n\ibmd`iojn+ Ag \gu\hd`ioj ^jiom\ g\ hj* i\mlpÄ\ _`mdqÑ c\^d\ pi\ kmjo`no\ ^jiom\ gjn md^jn t gjn ì om\d* _jm`n î lp` _`a`i_Ä\i npn kmdqN`bdjn+ Ag Ddhij _` ?\o\gpit\ ñ ì ;\c cUWQT_bc î %^^ Hjn n`b\_jm`n î&ñ m`^jb` `nojn c`^cjn7 ^^ 8_^ S_` TU VQ\m''' î %^^ >p`i bjgk` _` cju+++ î&+ Bm\i^d\ n` kpnj _`g g\_j _` gjn ^\o\g\i`n nj]m` gjn lp` `e`m^dÑ np nj]`m\iÄ\ t) `i .31.) Hpdn TEEE ap` kmj^g\h\_j ^ji_` _` >\m^`gji\) om\n

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ijh]m`) t \h]jn gj `nozi m`g\odq\h`io` _` g\ lp` ap` kg\u\ _` O\io\ =i\ ñ ]jt kg\|\ ?\md`n Ld d Opit`mñ + @pm\io` \lp`gg\ bp`mm\ ^ji Bm\i^d\ %.356*64& ^ji hjodqj _` g\ Hdb\ _` =pbn* ]pmbj) _`nkp}n lp` Hpdn TER diq\_d`m\ `g L\g\odi\_j) `g _plp` _` R`i_Ñh` ojhÑ >\m^`gji\ `g 6 _` \bjnoj _` .364 k`mj) \io`n) `i `g ^`m^j _` g\ ^dp_\_) gjn o`\odijn npamd`mji g\n ^jin`^p`i^d\n `i np dbg`nd\ t `i pi\ kmjkd`_\_ ij _`h\nd\_j g`ejn _` g\ hdnh\ t _` np ^jiq`ioj+ Ebg`nd\ t ^jiq`ioj n` h\iopqd`mji `i kd` c\no\ .61-) `i lp` ap`mji _`mmpd_jn t nj]m` np njg\m n` ^jinomptÑ pi `_dad^dj hpid^dk\g+ @` g\ hdnh\ ijn _`eÑ pi\ _`n^mdk^dÑi ad`g ?\t`o\ij >\mm\* lp`m %.6-37 0/4*0/5&) lp` gg`bÑ \ q`mg\) \pilp` ^`mm\_\ \g ^pgoj) `i ^ji_d^dji`n oj_\qÄ\ \^`ko\]g`n+ P`iÄ\ np a\^c\_\ kmdi* ^dk\g `i g\ `ioji^`n Lg\|\ _` O\io\ =ii\) am`io` \g ?\mm`m _` g\ ?\ip_\8 `g hpmj dulpd`m_j hdm\i_j \g z]nd_` _\]\ \g `ioji^`n ?\mm`m _`g Cjq`mi\_jm %\cjm\ @pm\i d >\n& t `g g\_j jkp`noj) \g ?\mm`m _`gn ?\k`gg\in) lp` \Üi ^jin`mq\ np ijh]m` t `n `nom`* ^cÄndhj+ Opn _dh`indji`n `m\i _` /3+3- h`omjn _` g\mbj kjm 5+.2 _` \i^cj+ P`iÄ\ pi ^dh]jmmdj lp` `so`mdjmh`io` n` q`Ä\ ^jhj ojmm` ^p\_m\_\ ^ji \gh `i\n t) `i np ^`iomj) pi\ `n]`go\ gdio`mi\ ^dm^pg\m lp` o`mhdi\]\ `i ^Ükpg\ n`hd`na`md^\+ P\h]d}i o`iÄ\ ^^ SbeSUb_ TUcQX_WQT_ î t ^^ kRcYTU `\Q^_ î+ D\]Ä\ omd]pi\n `i g\ i\q` t om`n ^\kdgg\n kjm g\_j _` _jn h`omjn _` kmjapi_d_\_+ Ag hdnhj >\mm\lp`m _d^` lp` `i `g ^mp^`mj t _`g g\_j _` ?\k`gg\in c\]Ä\ `g \go\m _` O\i =i_m}n =q`gdij ^ji m`o\]gj+ Ag >\mÖ _` I\g_z ^`modad^\ `no\ _`qj^dÑi) `g hdnhj `m\ _` g\ ^jam\_Ä\ _`g n\ioj %.66.7 .4.&+ @pm\i d O\ik`m` _d^` lp` `i g\ qdbdgd\ _`g n\ioj n` \ipi* ^d\]\ np ad`no\ k`b\i_j npn `no\hk\n `i g\n `nlpdi\n t `i g\n kp`mo\n _` g\n dbg`nd\n) ^jnoph]m` lp` n` b`i`m\gduÑ `i g\n _`hzn ^`g`]m\^dji`n) t lp` `g _Ä\ _` g\ ad`no\) `i g\ kg\u\ _` O\io\ =i\ t \io` g\ dbg`nd\) n` ^jgj^\]\i pijn ]\i^jn t pi a\^dnojg k\m\ \ijo\^dÑi _` ^jam\_`n t k\bj _` ^pjo\ \ip\g %.6407 20.*201&+ H\ ì ?jiam\md\ _` O\io =i_m`p = q`ggd î ap` \bm`b\_\ \ g\ ^^ C`mh\i_\o P`\odi\ î `i .5-4 %=@>) ..) 212&+

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CHK=B \mm\lp`m ij m`^jm_\]\ ]d`i k`mj ^m`Ä\ lp` `no\]\ _`_d^\_j \ g\ Rdmb`i) lpduzn `i np \_qj^\^dÑi _` g\ Ask`^o\^dÑi j _` g\ Eih\^pg\_\ ?ji^`k^dÑi) \lpÄ `i np ad`no\ n` dhkjiÄ\ `g `n^\* kpg\mdj \upg ñ _`qj^dÑi o`\odi\ ñ t) \_`hzn) `no\]\ g\ ì Ld\ QidÑ _` gôAnk`m\i|\ î lp` o\h]d}i ap` \bm`b\_\ \ g\ ^^ C`mh\i* _\o î `i g\ hdnh\ a`^c\ lp` g\ ^jam\_Ä\ \q`gdid\i\+ H\ ^\kdgg\ ^jiodbp\ \ `no` \go\m `m\ g\ _` O\i ?\t`o\ij) ^pt\ `no\op\ t gzh* k\m\*^`kdggj ap`mji om\ng\_\_\n \g >p`inp^`nj _`nkp}n _` g\ _`* n\hjmodu\^dÑi _` .502+ H\ gzhk\m\*^`kdggj `n m`^jm_\_\ kjm gjn cdnojmd\_jm`n _` g\ }kj^\7 Nph]\p) @pm\i d O\ik`m`) >\mm\lp`m t `g >\mÖ _` I\g_z) ^jhj kmdi^dk\g ap`io` _` npno`ioj _` \lp`gg\ ^jhpid_\_) kp`n `i \lp`g ^`kdggj gjn ad`g`n _`kjndo\]\i npn gd* hjni\n7 ^ ^ '''U\c `QbUc TU IQ^d 9QiUdQ^_ "Q \Q F\QWQ TU IQ^dQ 7 ^^Q# d_d X_ dU^U^ aeU ] U^UcdUb `Ub ] U^ZQb ^_ dU^Y^d bU^dUc% SU^c_c ^Y SU^ckYc% ^_ `_TU^d TU]Q^Qb bUc% cp \Uc \Y]_c^Uc aeU bUSe\\U^ TU \Q \YQ^dYQ Q \Q f_bQ TU \Q 9Q`U\\Q î + %+++gjn k\_m`n _` O\i ?\t`o\ij %`i g\ Lg\u\ _` O\io\

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CHK=B jm]ji`n) ?\mgjn EEE %.426*55&) ?\mgjn ER %.455*.5-5&) B`mi\i_j REE %.5-5& t _`g c`mh\ij _` J\kjg`Ñi) Fjn} E %.5-5*./&) _pm\io` ^ptj m`di\_j ap` `e`^po\_j %.5-6& `i ijh]m` _`g `hk`m\_jm+ P\h]d}i c\t lp` c\^`m ijo\m np ^jio`hkjm\i`d_\_ ^ji ^\nd oj_j `g m`di\_j _` Hpdn TRE %.441*6/& t ^ji g\ N`qjgp^dÑi Bm\i^`n\ %.456&+ C\ggda\) ap` o`nodbj _` om`n \^jio`^dhd`iojn cdnoÑmd^jn lp` h\m^\mji np b`i`m\^dÑi7 Ej& ^^ N`]jh]jmdn _`g k\ î %.456&) /j& g\ ì Cp`mm\ Cm\i î %.460*62& t 0j& g\ Eiq\ndÑi Bm\i^`n\ %.5-5&) \ gjn lp` t\ n` cduj m`a`m`i^d\+ = `no\ b`i`m\^dÑi) g\ lp` `i .5-5 ^jio\]\ `iom` /2 t 02 \Éjn) \lpÄ n` g\ _`ijhdi\ dio`mnod^d\g %_` dino`mod^dj) j q\^Äj& k\m\ g\ ^pgopm\ ^\o\g\i\ t) kjm o\ioj) _` ^mdndn+ ?mjijgÑbd^\h`io` j^pk\ pi `nk\^dj dio`m* h`_dj `iom` g\ lp` Rd^`in Rdq`n %.650& gg\hÑ ì WU^UbQSYt^ Y\ecdbQTQ î t g\ lp` `g hdnhj \pojm _`ijhdi\]\ ì `bUSebc_bUc TU \Q WU^UbQSYt^ b_]k^dYSQ î) \pilp` m`npgo\ _daÄ^dg h\m^\m gÄ* hdo`n `iom` g\ dio`mnod^d\g _` ^mdndn t g\ km`^`_`io` j g\ ndbpd`io`) kp`n) ^jhj `n i\opm\g) pi\ g` kdn\ gjn o\gji`n \ g\ jom\ t c\t hjh`iojn _` g\ b`i`m\^dÑi lp` `noz npmbd`i_j ^jhk\mod_jn ^ji g\ lp` t\ _`^gdi\+ Jj c\t ^jhk\modh`iojn `no\i^jn) `n pi ^ji* odipj) `i lp` g\ h`hjmd\ cdnoÑmd^\ i`^`ndo\ c\^`m _dnodi^dji`n k\m\ pi\ h`ejm `skgd^\^dÑi i\mm\odq\) \nÄ ^jhj pi\ dio`mkm`o\* ^dÑi \kmjsdh\_\ _`g \^jio`^dhd`ioj _`n_` g\ k`mnk`^odq\ _` npn kmjo\bjidno\n+ Hjn \]p`gjn) nj]m` oj_j) k`mj o\h]d}i gjn k\_m`n _` C\ggda\) \nÄ ^jhj gjn o`\odijn lp` g` km`^`_d`mji) qdqd`mji od`hkjn _daÄ^dg`n

>E I( CH:G @:EEB?: B :KJN>L

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_` bp`mm\n ^jiodip\n) _` ^mdndn _` kmj_p^^dÑi \gdh`iod^d\ _`]d_j \ g\n h\g\n ^jn`^c\n t _` `ia`mh`_\_`n `i_}hd^\n+ =_`hzn) gjn \^jio`^dhd`iojn _` ^\mz^o`m kjgÄod^j lp`) \ q`* ^`n) gg`b\mji \ kmjqj^\m np^`njn n\ibmd`iojn t _d`uh\mji kj]g\* ^dji`n) _dad^pgo\mji g\n ^jhpid^\^dji`n t) `i pi\ }kj^\ `i g\ lp` j]gdb\ojmd\h`io` g\ h`n\ a\hdgd\m `m\ kpioj _` `i^p`iomj) g\ om\inhdndÑi q`m]\g _` g\ cdnojmd\ kmjo\bjidu\_\) li` _`]Ä\ _`n* k`mo\m `g dio`m}n _` gjn hzn eÑq`i`n) kp`n q`Ä\i `i gjn h\tjm`n gjn _`kjndo\mdjn _`g ^jij^dhd`ioj t g\ `sk`md`i^d\+ =lp`gg\) lp` ij `m\ pi\ nj^d`_\_ h`_dzod^\ ^jhj g\ ip`nom\) ij `m\ _`nh`hjmd\_\+ Am\ hzn `nozod^\) gjn ^\h]djn `m\i hzn g`iojn+ Ljm `nj \lpÄ n` c\ _\_j dhkjmo\i^d\ \ g\ `o\k\ km`qd\) _` g\ lp`) nd ]d`i C\ggda\ ij ap` o`nodbj _dm`^oj) ndi _p_\ cp]j _` o`i`m ijod^d\) nj]m` oj_j _` \lp`ggj lp` hzn kmjapi_\h`io` \a`^oÑ \g kp`]gj+ Ljmlp` ndbidad^Ñ pi\ om\inajmh\^dÑi _` ?\o\* gpit\ ^ji g\ k}m_d_\ _` \gbpi\n dinodop^dji`n t kmdqdg`bdjn lp` n` q`iÄ\i h\io`id`i_j _pm\io` ndbgjn t kjm ^pt\ k`mh\i`i^d\ n` gp^cÑ _`ij_\_\h`io`+ Ljm jomj g\_j g\ h`hjmd\ `n din`k\m\]g` _` g\n kjnd]dgd_\_`n _` \izgdndn t) o\ioj g\ h`hjmd\ ^jhj `g \izgdndn) `sdb`i m`g\^dji\m t ^jhk\m\m) di_\b\m t ^jiamjio\m gjn \^jio`^dh d`iojn t npn kj* nd]g`n ^\pn\n+

?NKJKHKCE= @A DA?DKO OECJEBE?=PERKO L=N= AOPA AO>KVK >EKCN=BE?K LNAREKO =H J=?EIEAJPK @A C=HHEB= %.442& .3.57 Ljiodad^\_j _` L\pgj R * ?\kÄopgj C`i`m\g _` gjn P`\odijn `i Njh\) n` kmjt`^o\ api_\m ap`m\ _` Eo\gd\ * N`di\_j _` B`gdk` EEE+ .3/.7 Ljiodad^\_j _` Cm`bjmdj TR * np]` \g omjij B`gdk` ER+ .3//7 Ag Lm`kÑndoj C`i`m\g Rdi^`iuj Cdgd]`mod \pojmdu\ \g L+ Idmoj k\m\ \^jhk\É\m \ Ijin+ I\fjrnfd) kg`idkjo`i^d\mdj _`g m`t _` Ljgj* id\) \ g\ ^jmo` _` I\_md_ * .3/07 Qm]\ij R dgd) k\k\+ .30.7 Ag L+ Idmoj km`_d^\ `i g\ ^\o`_m\g _` >\m^`gji\ kjm g\ ?\i_`g`m\+ .30/7 Ag L+ Idmoj km`_d^\ `i g\ ^\o`_m\g _` >\m^`gji\ kjm g\ ?p\m`nh\8 bm\^d\n \ I\oÄ\n Rdg\m) gjn P`\odijn api_\i `i `g L\nn\ob` _` J\ou\m`o+

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CHK=B \m^`gji\ `i V\m\bju\ * ?jhd`iuj _` g\ bp`mm\ ^jiom\ Bm\i^d\ * .3037 B\gg`^` `g L+ Idmoj+ .31-7 ?jmkpn _` O\ib) Cp`mm\ _` O`k\m\^dÑi j _`gn O`b\_jmn t ^jhd`iuj _` g\ Cp`mm\ _` Ei_`k`i_`i^d\ _` Ljmopb\g * dhk`_d_jn _` \ndnodm \g ?\kÄopgj C`i`m\g) gjn P`\odijn _` Ank\É\ n` m`Üi`i `i V\m\* bju\+ .31.7 ?\o\gpit\ ]\ej nj]`m\iÄ\ am\i^`n\ * .31/7 Bm\i^d\ ^jilpdno\ `g Njnn`ggÑ+ .3107 O`bpi_\ kmja`ndÑi m`gdbdjn\ k\m\ >\m^`gji\ `i C`ijq\ * Bm\i^d\ _`mmjo\ \ g\ Iji\mlpÄ\ Ddnkzid^\ * .3117 Eij^`i^dj T) k\k\+ .3157 B`gdk` ER m`^jij^` g\ di_`k`i_`i^d\ _` gjn L\Än`n >\ejn+ .32-*217 Akd_`hd\ _` k`no`+ .32/7 ?\kdopg\^dÑi _` >\m^`gji\ * Pm\o\_j _` gjn Ldmdi`jn7 Njnn`ggÑ am\i^}n+ .3207 Hjn P`\odijn n` om\ng\_\i \ Lg\|\ ?p^pmpgg\) `nlpdi\ ?\mm`m >jo`mn+ .3217 Hjn P`\odijn \_lpd`m`i pi\ ^\n\ `i g\ Lg\|\ _` O\io\ =ii\+ .3227 Ljiodad^\_j _` =g`e\i_mj REE+ .3327 Lmdh`m\ ijod^d\ _j^ph`io\_\ _` pi ?\kÄopgj Hj^\g * \nph` ?\mgjn EE+ ..32*357 Cp`mm\ ^ji Bm\i^d\ * .3347 ?g`h`io` ET) k\k\+ .3367 Ag Lm`kÑndoj C`i`m\g Ld`omj L\jgj Jj]dgdjid \pojmdu\ g\ `i\e`i\* ^dÑi _` g\ kmjkd`_\_ _`g L\nn\ob` _` J\ou\m`o k\m\ n\g_\m _`p_\n+ .34-7 O` ]`i_d^` g\ Ebg`nd\ _` g\ Ask`^o\^dÑi t O\i I\oÄ\n %ì O\io C\d`oz î& Ljiodad^\_j _` ?g`h`io` T * .34.7 ?\ijidu\^dÑi _` O\i ?\t`o\ij+ .3427 Lmdh`m\ kmja`ndÑi `i >\m^`gji\ * .3437 Eij^`i^dj TE) k\k\+ .356*647 Cp`mm\ ^ji Bm\i^d\8 =g`e\i_mj R dgd) k\k\8 `i .36.) Eij* ^`i^dj TEE+ .3647 4 _` epgdj) ì O\io C\d`oz \ \a`^o\_j kjm pi ]jh]\m_`j _`n_` `g h\m+ .4--7 Ip`m` ?\mgjn EE ndi np^`njm) `n ^jmji\_j B`gdk` _` =iejp %B`* gdk` R& * kjiodad^\_j _` ?g`h`io` TE * .4-.*.17 Cp`mm\ _` Op* ^`ndÑi+ .4-27 L\^oj _` C`ijq\) Eibg\o`mm\ t ?\o\gpit\7 `g \m^cd_plp` ?\mgjn `n m`^jij^d_j ^jhj m`t _` g\ Iji\mlpÄ\ Ddnkzid^\ %?\mgjn EEE * =pnomd\&+ .4.17 H\n omjk\n _` B`gdk` R %>jm]ji& j^pk\i >\m^`gji\7 npkm`ndÑi _` dinodop^dji`n ^\o\g\i\n %C`i`m\gdo\o) ?jin`gg _` ?`io) Qidq`mnd_\* _`n _` >\m^`gji\) Cdmji\) Hg`d_\) O`p _ôQmb`gg) P\mm\bji\ t Rd^&) n` dhkg\io\mz g\ Jp`q\ Lg\io\7 n` njh`o`mz \ ?\o\gpit\ \ g\n g`t`n _` ?\nodgg\) `g ^\no`gg\ij n`mz Üid^j d_djh\ jad^d\g) n` ì _d\* g`^o\gdu\mz î `g ^\o\gzi) n` \pojmdu\mz pi\ njg\ pidq`mnd_\_ `i ?`mq`m\+

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B_c _bpWU^Uc3 IQ^d 8_Y TU B\emQ^oc

Ag gpb\m _` jmdb`i ^jinodopt` pi ^ji_d^dji\io` ^pgopm\g dh* kjmo\io`) kp`n `n `g h\m^j _` g\n kmdh`m\n dio`m\^^dji`n `i g\ a\hdgd\) g\ `n^p`g\) `g ep`bj) `g bmpkj m`gdbdjnj %`i `no` ^\nj) g\ dbg`nd\ k\mmjlpd\g&) nj]m` oj_j `i `g \h]d`io` mpm\g _`g =iodbpj N}bdh`i t) ^ji am`^p`i^d\) `i \lp`gg\ }kj^\ t `i \lp`g \h]d`io`) `g om\]\ej %o\h]d}i `g _` gjn idÉjn \pilp`) `i b`i`m\g) ap`m\ \psdgd\m) _` pi\ ajmh\ `g`h`io\g t _` ^\mz^o`m a\hdgd\m&+ Odi jgqd_\m jomjn `g`h`iojn) ^jhj g\ ad`no\) kjm `e`hkgj) `i g\ lp` gj kjkpg\m t gj gÜ_d^j d]\i _` g\ h\ij ^ji gj m`gdbdjnj+ Jj n` \bjo\i \lpÄ oj_jn gjn a\^ojm`n ^jh]di\_jn+ Ai `g _`n\mmjggj _` `no` ]m`q` `nop_dj dmzi \k\m`^d`i_j \ om\q}n _` gjn _dnodiojn \^ji* o`^dhd`iojn+ Ag h\m^j b`jbmzad^j `i `g lp` qdj g\ kmdh`m\ gpu Fj\i C\ggda\ d =mlp}n ap` `g kp`]gj _` O\io >jd _` Hgp|\i~n %O\i >\p_dgdj&) \ 5.0 h`omjn _` \gopm\ `i `g \godkg\ij g`q\iodij _` pi k`lp`Éj q\gg` _` pijn / fhn+ _` \i^cj) _m`i\_j kjm g\ md`m\ _`g Ojmm`dbn t kjm `g lp` o\h]d}i ^mpu\ g\ _` P\g\h\i^\+ Op n`^ojm ijmo` `n ]\no\io` \^^d_`io\_j) kp`n n` c\gg\ \g kd` _` pi\ nd`mm\ gg\h\_\ ì _`gn Ipion î+ A^jiÑhd^\h`io`) ^jhj k`lp`Éj iÜ^g`j _` hjio\É\ `i `g lp` c\t ]p`ijn k\nojn) c\ qdqd_j nd`h* km` _`g b\i\_j t g\ \bmd^pgopm\8 opqj dhkjmo\i^d\ np k`lp`É\ di_pnomd\ _` g\ g\i\) g\ _` gjn k`g\dm`n %_`g ^\o\gzi ì k\m\dm`n î&+ ?ji \h]\n \^odqd_\_`n) k`mj nj]m` oj_j ^ji g\ n`bpi_\) `nopqj m`g\^dji\_\ g\ a\hdgd\ _`g L+ C\ggda\+ LjgÄod^\ t nj^d\gh`io`) `no` h\m^j `nopqj _`adid_j kjm pi `lpdgd]mdj _` kj_`m`n `iom` gjn bm\i_`n kmjkd`o\mdjn _` g\ ^jh\m^\ t g\ hdom\ _` Rd`) ^\kdo\g \_hdidnom\odq\) `^jiÑhd^\) ^pgopm\g t m`gdbdjn\ _` g\ ^jh\m^\ _` Knji\) _ji_` n` c\gg\ `g Hgp|\i~n+ O\io >jd `n hpid^dkdj t k\mmjlpd\+ Ai np o}mhdij o`mmdojmd\g n` c\gg\i _dnomd]pd_\n q\md\n h\nÄ\n) pi\ _` `gg\n `n `g ì CQc =Q\\YVQ î) lp` `nopqj m`g\^dji\_\ ^ji g\ a\hdgd\ _`g L+ C\ggda\) ^`m^\ _` g\ hdnh\ c\t pi\ _` g\n ^\kdgg\n `nk\m^d_\n kjm \lp`g

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CHK=B \m^`gji\) .6627 331 t 44-*.&+ H\ a\hdgd\ C\ggda\*=mlp}n ij qdqÄ\ `i `g ^\hkj+ OÄ gjn \]p`gjn k\o`mijn _`g L+ C\ggda\+ @` hj_j lp` \lp`g `iojmij ij g` ap` _`n^jij^d_j+ LjgÄod^\h`io`) o\h]d}i `i `g hd^mj^jnhjn _` ì O\io >jd î g\ a\hdgd\ _`g `g L+ C\ggda\ t npn ^jib}i`m`n n` qd`mji hzn j h`* ijn `iqp`gojn `i gjn \^jio`^dhd`iojn _` np }kj^\+ Lp`n g\ bm\i cdnojmd\ n` c\^` ^ji g\n k`lp`É\n cdnojmd\n ^jod_d\i\n+ H\ h\tjm k\mo` _` g\ kj]g\^dÑi _` g\ ^jh\m^\ _` Knji\ t) kjm `i_`) g\ _` g\ np]^jh\m^\ _`g Hgp|\i~n) _pm\io` g\ Cp`mm\ _` Op^`ndÑi `nopqj ^ji gjn \pnomd\^dno\n) \ a\qjm _` ?\mgjn _` =pnomd\) `m\ `g ]\i_j _` gjn gg\h\_jn ì qdb\o\in î %j qd^`in`n) _` Rd`&) g\ _`ij* hdi\^dÑi `n ]\no\io` `gj^p`io`) m`^p}m_`n` lp` Rd` `n g\ ^\kdo\g _` Knji\8 \ gjn k\mod_\mdjn _` B`gdk` R g`n gg\h\]\i ì ]jodag`mn î %]jodag`m : _` h`edgg\n cdi^c\_\n t o\h]d}i km`nphd_j) `o^+&+ Ag njh\o}i \mh\_j _` ^^ O\io >jd î gp^cÑ ^jiom\ B`gdk` R `i _da`m`io`n gpb\m`n t `g /5 _` \]mdg _` .4.1 g\n omjk\n ^\no`gg\i\n _` B`gdk` R `iom\mji `i `g kp`]gj) hpmd`i_j _jn ì n\h]jd`i`n î %j n\h]jt`in`n& `i `g ^jh]\o`) kjm np`mo` ij di^`i_d\mji g\ kj]g\^dÑi ^jhj cd^d`mji ^ji jom\n) \nÄ ap` `i \gbpi\ _` gjn \gm`_`_jm`n %Ijio\Éz*Lg\i`n) .6647 31*34&+ Ljm oj_j gj _d^cj ]\no\ \lpÄ) n` kp`_` ^jg`bdm lp` `g h\m^j _` m`a`m`i^d\ _` gjn ^jhd`iujn _` g\ qd_\ _` C\ggda\ ap` kj^j kmjkd^dj k\m\ `g h\io`idhd`ioj _` pi\ di^gdi\^dÑi b\gÑadg\) `g \h]d`io` lp` c\]Ä\ ^m`\_j g\ h`hjmd\ _` gjn \^jio`^dhd`iojn kmjkd^d\]\ hzn ]d`i oj_j gj ^jiom\mdj+ P\hkj^j n`mÄ\ \^`mo\_j ^ji^gpdm lp` `i g\ ?\o\gpit\ _`g =iodbpj N}bdh`i ij cp]j b\* gÑadgjn t \am\i^`n\_jn) km`^dn\h`io` C\ggda\ t npn ^jhk\É`mjn _` ^ji_`i\ n`mzi qd^odh\n _` gjn ndhk\odu\io`n t ^jg\]jm\_jm`n

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_` gjn i\kjg`Ñid_\n) lp` g`n \^pn\mji kjm n`m njnk`^cjnjnj _` om\d* _jm`n t b\gÑaj]jn+

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BQ \podnhj _`g L\_m` C\ggda\) kp]gd^\_\ kjm =+ R`it %.64-&) _ji_` ^jino\i _\ojn _` npn k\_m`n t \]p`gjn) n` c\ m`^jinodopd_j g\ ^jiadbpm\^dÑi a\hdgd\m ^jinpgo\i_j gd]mjn _` ]\podnhjn ^jmm`nkji_d`io`n \ .4/0*.413 t \ .414*.434) \nÄ ^jhj `g _` h\omdhjidjn _` .415*.46-+ P\h]d}i c\ nd_j hpt Üodg g\ ^jinpgo\ _`g B\YWQ\\ TU \Q 9_^VbQbYQ TU JUYhYT_bc %H`b\ej _` g\ ?jam\_Ä\ _` P`e`_jm`n * =AR7 >+ = ,1 ) = ,2 ) ? ,2 t L,ET &+ Hjn m`npgo\_jn c\i nd_j nph\h`io` dio`m`n\io`n+ H\ a\hdgd\ _` C\ggda\ ^jiadmh\ g\n o`i_`i^d\n _` gjn ^\o\g\i`n _` g\ }kj^\ m`nk`^oj \ g\ `_\_ `i g\ lp` n` ^jiom\Ä\ h\omdhjidj) \g iÜh`mj _` cdejn) \ g\ j^pk\^dÑi g\]jm\g) `o^+ O` c\i ^jiadmh\_j g\n o`i* _`i^d\n lp` hjnom\mji g\n diq`nodb\^dji`n gg`q\_\n \ ^\]j kjm F+ J\_\g %.66/& t jomjn+ B\hdgd\) bmpkj nj^d\g) `nomp^opm\ _` kj_`m gj^\g t Ano\_j nji `nk\^djn nj^djkjgÄod^jn `i gjn lp` n` \mod^pg\ ^p\glpd`m nj^d`* _\_ om\_d^dji\g `i `g =iodbpj N}bdh`i+ Qid_\_`n _` nj^d\]dgd_\_) _` g\n lp` g\ kmdh`m\) nj]m` oj_j _`nkp}n _` g\ _}^\_\ _` gjn ^di^p`io\ _`g ndbgj k\n\_j \g km\^od^\m `g h}oj_j _` np m`^jinomp^* ^dÑi) a\^dgdoÑ `g \izgdndn _` g\n ^jmmd`io`n _`hjbmzad^j*`^jiÑhd^\n+ H\n m`g\^dji`n `iom` h\omdhjidj) bmpkj nj^d\g t kmjkd`_\_ hjn* om\mji g\ q`mo`]m\^dÑi nj^d\g) g\ ^jinodop^dÑi _` bmpkjn _dmdb`io`n+ Ag L\_m` C\ggda\ i\^dÑ `i pi h`_dj _` ajmh\n _` qd_\ ^\o\g\i\) `g _` pi\ a\hdgd\ ^\o\g\i\ om\_d^dji\g _` \mo`n\ijn ^jhj hp^c\n _`g 4--+ Ag . _` `i`mj _` .403 i\^dÑ Idlp`g C\ggda\) cdej _` Fjn`k C\ggda\) ì k\b~n î %k\t}n) ^\hk`ndij `i ?\o\gpit\ t >\g`\m`n&+ Ag .4 _` ijqd`h]m` _` .412 i\^dÑ I\mÄ\ =mlp}n Ojg{) cde\ _` >`i`o =mlp}n) ^^ k\m\dm` î) t I\mb\mdo\ Ojg{+ Idlp`g t I\mÄ\ n`mÄ\i gjn k\_m`n _` Fj\i C\ggda\+ Ag o}mhdij ì k\m\dm` î %_m\* kd`m) ^gjocd`m& n` om\_pej \g ^\no`gg\ij ^jhj k`g\dm`+ H\ =^\_`hd\

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CHK=B `i`o =mlp}n) hd`iom\n qd* qÄ\ `i np ^\n\*o\gg`m+

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?p\i_j Idlp`g t I\mÄ\ n` ^\n\mji) gjn k\_m`n _`g kmdh`mj c\]Ä\i a\gg`^d_j+ Ag =^o\ h\omdhjid\g \nÄ gj `skm`n\7 ì V Y\Ye ] \U W YdY] e ] U d ^ Q de bQ \U ] @ _ cU ` X Y = Q \\YVQ U d H _ cQ U 9_b_& ] Y^ Q S_ ^ Ze W e ] T U Ve ^ S d_ b e ] î %=AR) ? ,1) a+ .1/&+

Hjn k\_m`n _` I\mÄ\ qdqÄ\i \h]jn7 ì S_^ZeWe] fYfU^dYe] î %d]d_`h&+ >`i`o =mlp`n) ì k\m\dm` î n`bÜi ^jino\ `i `g =^o\ _` ]\podnhj _` np cde\) c\]Ä\ \kmj]\_j np `s\h`i `i .422 %=AR) L,ET &) ji^` \Éjn \io`n lp` Idlp`g) ^ptj k\_m`) Fjn`kc) o\ioj `i `g =^o\ ]\podnh\g ^jhj `i g\ h\omdhjid\g _`g cdej) n` ^ji* ndbi\]\ lp` `m\ k\t}n+ Pjmm`gg\ Jdp]Ñ %.63.7 .1*.2& \admh\ lp` `m\ am`^p`io` lp` `g \km`i_du ap`m\ om\o\_j ^jhj \cde\_j kjm k\mo` _` np h\`nomj) qdqd`i_j `i g\ ^\n\*o\gg`m t ^jhd`i_j `i g\ h`n\ a\hdgd\m+ Idlp`g C\ggda\) lp` kmj^`_Ä\ _` pi\ a\hdgd\ _` om\_d^dÑi k\t`n\) n` di^jmkjmÑ \ pi\ a\hdgd\ _` ì k\m\dm`n î kjm om\_d^dÑi \g ^\n\mn` ^ji I\mÄ\) cde\ _` ì k\m\dm` î+ Op jad^dj nd`hkm` \k\* m`^` ^jhj ì k\m\dm` î) idibpi\ q`u ^jhj k\t}n) \ k`n\m _` g\ om\_d^dÑi a\hdgd\m) j n`\ lp` g\ di^jmkjm\^dÑi ap` ojo\g t k\nÑ _` \km`i_du \ jad^d\g t \ h\`nomj*t`mij+ Ag \km`i_du\e` _` pi ì h`nom` k\m\dm` î _pm\]\ ^jhj hÄ* idhj _jn j om`n \Éjn) n`bÜi `g gpb\m+ ?phkgd_j `no` \km`i_du\e`) \^op\]\ ^jhj ì a\_mÄ _` g ôjad^d î %h\i^`]j&) \g h`ijn _pm\io` pi \Éj) t gp`bj nd o`iÄ\ \kodop_`n t h`_djn `^jiÑhd^jn njgd^do\]\ \ np h\`nomj g\ ì ^\mo\ _ô\km`i`io\ob` î) `n _`^dm `g ^`modad^\_j _` ^\k\^do\^dÑi) lp` n` jojmb\]\ \io` ijo\mdj _`nkp}n _` n`m `s\* hdi\_j kjm h\`nomjn _`g bm`hdj ^ji \ndno`i^d\ _` o`nodbjn+ Ddejn t t`mijn _`g h\`nomj _p`Éj _`g o\gg`m \nkdm\]\i \ c`m`_\m ijh* ]m`) km`nodbdj t ^gd`io`n %Pjmm`gg\ Jdp]Ñ) d]d_`h&+ Ag h\`nomj k`g\dm` `m\ \lp`g \mo`n\ij di_`k`i_d`io`) kjn``* _jm _` pi k`lp`Éj i`bj^dj) ^ji ^\k\^d_\_ _` k\mod^dk\m _`hj^mz* od^\h`io` `i `g bj]d`mij _` np ^jmkjm\^dÑi h`_d\io` g\ `g`^^dÑi _` ^\mbjn _dm`^odqjn t) pn\i_j `g n`ggj _`g ^jg`bdj) o\n\m t c\^`m kmp`]\n k`md^d\g`n t) nj]m` oj_j) a\]md^\m t q`i_`m gjn kmj_p^ojn lp` k`mhdoÄ\i g\n jm_`i\iu\n bm`hd\g`n) q`m_\_`mjn kmdqdg`bdjn jojmb\_jn kjm `g Ano\_j %Ijg\n d Nd]\go\) .64-7 4-&+ Ano` h\`nomj*

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=mlp`n) gjn hdnhjn ^\nd `i lp` i\^d`mji npn j^cj cdejn %.433*54&+ Ag k`g\dm` Idlp`g C\ggda\ _`o`mhdi\]\ `g no\opn a\hdgd\m+ = k\modm _`g @`^m`oj _` Jp`q\ Lg\io\ _` .4.3) c\t pi\ ^jmmd`io` epmÄ_d^\ ^\no`gg\idu\io` lp` g` h`mh\ \ g\ hpe`m ^\n\_\ np ^\k\^d_\_ k\m\ \_hdidnom\m gjn ]d`i`n k\m\a`mi\g`n) gjn lp` ap`m\ _` g\ _jo` \_lpd`m` kjm `g om\]\ej) j _ji\^dÑi) \ a\qjm _`g _jhdidj _`g h\md_j %C\^oj) BAI) .6547 1.&+ = I\mÄ\ =mlp`n) g\ ^ji_d^dÑi _` k`g\dm` _` np k\_m` t gjn kmdqdg`bdjn lp` ^jigg`qÑ \ np h\md_j t \ npn cdejn ì k`m `nn`m ^\n\o \h] adgg\ _` k\m\dm` î g` _\mÄ\ ^d`mo\ ^jind_`m\^dÑi+ >`i`o =mlp`n hpmdÑ `g / _` h\tj _` .45%=AR) @ ,1 &) \ gjn ^\ojm^` \Éjn _` `no\]g`^d_j Idlp`g) np t`mij t _dn^Äkpgj) ^jhj ì h`nom` k\m\dm` î+ Ag ^gdh\ k\omd\m^\g _\]\ \pojmd_\_ \g \i^d\ij+ H\ gÑbd^\ ^ji_p^` \ g\ ^ji^gpndÑi _` lp`) _\_j lp` kmj* q`iÄ\ _` a\hdgd\ _` k\t`n`n t np di^jmkjm\^dÑi \ gjn =mlp`n ap` o\g lp` ipi^\ _`omzn _` np ijh]m` n` g` \_ep_d^\ `n` jad^dj _`]dÑ _` \^op\m `i `g hdnhj o\gg`m \mo`n\ij) \ g\ q`u lp` m`nd_`i^d\ ^jhk\mod_\8 ^ji g\ hdnh\ ^gd`io`g\ t om\inhdndÑi _` k\omdhjidj _`iomj _`g ndno`h\ _` ì a\hdgd\ omji^\g î+ Lmj]\]g`h`io` ^jinod* opt`i_j pi bmpkj _` m`nd_`i^d\ ^jhkg`ej _` om`n b`i`m\^dji`n) ^jhj `i gjn kp`]gjn _` g\ =go\ Lmjq`iu\ t `i gjn q\gg`n kdm`* i\d^jn %=+ ?jggjhk) .66.7 ..3*.1/&+ Ag I\n C\ggda\ ^jmm`nkji* _`mÄ\ \g c`mh\ij h\tjm t\ lp` np k\_m` ì Fjn`kc î `m\ `g c`m`* _`mj) n`bÜi ^jino\ `i `g =^o\ h\omdhjid\g %=AR) ? ,1) a+ .1/&) t ^ji `g lp` Ii+ Fj\i C\ggda\) lp` ^\nÑ \ Idlp`g t I\mÄ\) o\h]d}i `no\]\ m`g\^dji\_j+ Ai g\ a\hdgd\ C\ggda\*=mlp`n) ^jio\i_j ^ji g\ h\_m`) c\]Ä\ ^p\omj hpe`m`n lp` kjm gj h`ijn _pm\io` pijn \Éjn kp_d`mji ^jiomd]pdm \ `no\]dgdu\m g\ `^jijhÄ\ t nj]m` oj_j `i gjn _` ^mdndn+ L`mj) \_`hzn7 ì H\ hpe`m _`g h\`nomj o\h]d}i \^op\]\ ^jhj \b`io` _` np h\md_j ^j]m\i_j _`p_\n t h\io`id`i_j gd]mjn _` ^p`io\n î %Rd^`io` R\g`ioÄi) .6617 31&+ Ano` ^jiepioj _` _\ojn a\qjm`^` g\ jkdidÑi _` lp` \lp`gg\ a\hdgd\ o\h]d}i ]pn^\mÄ\ pi\ np]ndno`i^d\ _dbi\ `i `no\ _j]g` \^odqd_\_) ^jhj kjm jom\ k\mo` c\^Ä\ g\ h\tjm k\mo` _` gjn jnj* i`in`n) n`bÜi j]n`mq\^dÑi o`nodhjid\g _` V\hjm\+ H\ ^\iod_\_

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nj _` q`dio` \Éjn %.433*.453&) ^p\omj q\mji`n t ^p\omj hpe`m`n+ = q`dio` \Éjn _`g kmdh`mj) ^p\i_j `g k\_m` ^jio\]\ 2- t 1. g\ h\_m`) i\^dÑ g\ Ügodh\ ]de\+ H\ k`iÜgodh\ c\]Ä\ hp`moj ^p\i_j ^jio\]\ _jn h`n`n) ì \g]\o î _d^` `g ì Hgd]m` _` K]don î) `n _`* ^dm) lp` ij c\]Ä\ m`^d]d_j g\ .ò ^jhpidÑi %=AR) @ ,1 &+ Ai `no\ a \h dgd\) `iom` .433 t .453) `n _`^dm) `iom` `g i\^dhd`ioj _`g kmdhjb}idoj t `g _` g\ Ügodh\ cde\ lp` j^pkÑ `g j^o\qj gpb\m cp]j pijn dio`mq\gjn dio`mb`i}nd^jn _`7 /) 0) 1) 0) 0) 0 t / \Éjn) gj lp` di_d^\ ^d`mo\ m`bpg\md_\_8 `njn `nk\^djn n` _`]Ä\i \g \h\* h\io\hd`ioj lp` kmj_p^` g\ \pn`i^d\ _` jqpg\^dÑi ` dhkjnd]d* gd_\_ _` n`m a`^pi_\_\ g\ h\_m`+ H\ \kjmo\^dÑi amÄ\ _` _\ojn) iÜh`mjn t a`^c\n ij _d^` i\_\ nj]m` h`io\gd_\_) n`iodhd`iojn) ^m``i^d\n) m`g\^dji`n _` g\n k`mnj* i\n \ g\n lp` n` m`ad`m`i+ Ai `no` ^\nj g\ a\hdgd\ _`g L\_m` C\ggda\+ Jj kjm _`ndio`m}n) \lpÄ `g j]e`odqj `n `g m`ag`ej _` np _d* h`indÑi cph\i\) g\ _` pi\ m`\gd_\_ nj^d\g+ Am\ pi\ a\hdgd\) ^jhj t\ n` c\ _d^cj) lp` m`nkji_Ä\ \ g\n ^\m\^o`mÄnod^\n _` g\n a\hdgd\n ^\o\g\i\n _` g\ }kj^\) ^ji o`i* _`i^d\ \ n`m hzn iph`mjn\n `i `g hpi_j mpm\g8 F+ >j\_\n %.650) Hô=q`i|) 337 15&) \g `nop_d\m g\n h\nÄ\n _`g Lg\ _` Cdmji\ ^ji* om\no\ g\ h`_d\7 3)2 hd`h]mjn kjm a\hdgd\ `i .4.3) `i `g ^\hkj8 1)43) `i g\ ^dp_\_) `i .4/-+ An `g hjh`ioj _`g \n^`inj _`hjbmzad^j ^\o\gzi+ Lm`^dn\* h`io` `g \Éj .453) F\ph` >ji`ggn) h}_d^j _` gjn @plp`n _` =g]\) kp]gd^\ dh\ j]m\ lp` `s\go\ `g ^m`^dhd`ioj _`hjbmzad^j \ g\ h\i`m\ _` gjn adndÑ^m\o\n) kjmlp`7 ^^ H\ q`m_\_`m\ mdlp`u\ t jkpg`i^d\ _` pi Ano\_j _`k`i_` _`g iÜh`mj t g\ mj]pno`u _` gjn di_dqd_pjn lp` gj ^jhkji`i î+ An ^jij^d_\ g\ j]n`ndq\ km`j^p* k\^dÑi _` gjn dgpnom\_jn lp` ^jind_`m\i g\ _`nkj]g\^dÑi ^jhj ^\pn\ _` g\ _`^\_`i^d\ `nk\Éjg\+ D\^d\ .42- n` kmj_pej pi ^\h* ]dj _` o`i_`i^d\ _`hjbmzad^\+ F+ ?j_di\ %Ag bdm _` .42-) .6557 /2*.-1& `iom` g\n ^\pn\n _`g ^m`^dhd`ioj _`o`^o\7 h`ejm \gdh`i* o\^dÑi) mjk\ _` h`ejm ^\gd_\_ t ij pn\_\ kjm k`mnji\n _dapio\n %`n }kj^\ _` `kd_`hd\n&) cdbd`i` t b`i`m\gdu\^dÑi _`g pnj _` ^p* ]d`mojn %ì g\ m`qjgp^dÑi _` g\n ^p^c\m\n î&+ H\ qd`e\ kg`b\md\7 ì = k`no`) a\h` `o ]`ggj) gd]`m\ ijn)

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Fj\i C\ggda\ d =mlp`n i\^dÑ `g // _` a`]m`mj _` .442 `i O\io >jd _` Hgp|\i~n %=AR) = ,3 ) a+ .1/&+ =nÄ ^jino\ `i `g =^o\ _` ]\podnhj m`_\^o\_\ `i g\oÄi) kp`n `g ^g`mj n` m`ndnoÄ\ \ c\^`mgj `i ^\no`gg\ij ^jhj c\]Ä\ m`^jh`i_\_j `g ^ji_` =m\i_\ \ g\n ^pmd\n _dj^`n\i\n %B`mm`m d Cdmji`n) .6537 /55&7 ì = Q \\YVQ U d 7 b a e U c ' : YU f YW U c Y] Q dU b dYQ ] U ^ cYc VU R b e Q b YY Q^ ^ _ D Q & dYf YdQ dU : _ ] Y^ Y ] Y\\U c Y] _ c U ` dY^ W U ^ dU c Y] _ cU ` de Q W U cY] _ a e Y^ d_ Y^ V_ ^ & dYR e c R Q ` dYc ] Q \YR e c ` Q bb_ S X Q \Yc USS\UcYQ U I dY' 8 Q e T Y\YY T U B \e cQ ^ oc% T Y_ U & S U cYc L YS U ^ cYc% Ye h dQ b Yde ] I ' C ' ; ' F U b H T e ] ' C YS X Q U \U ] < Ubbnc% ` bU cR Y& dU b e ] U d f YS Q b Ye ] T YS dQ U U SS\UcYQ U V e Y d R Q ` dYdj Q de c @ _ Q^ ^ Uc% 7 ^ d_ ^ Ye c % 8 U ^ U T YS de c% ` b YT YU ^ Q de c% V Y\Ye c \U W YdY] e c U d ^ Q de bQ \Yc C YS X Q U \Yc = Q \\YVQ % \Q ^ Q U ` Q bQ d_ ^ Yc% U d C Q bYQ U = QK YVQ U d 7 b a e n c S _ ^ Ye W e ] X e Ye c ` Q bb_ SX YQ U' < e U b e ^ ` Q db Y^ Y @_ Q ^ ^ Uc = Q \\YVQ % U d F Q e \Q 7 b a e n c U d H YU b Q e h _ b ; T e Q \T Y 7 b a e n c % \Q ^ Q U ` Q bQ d_ bYc% _ ] ^ Uc X e Ye c ` Q bb_ S X YQ U î+

ì ; c dQ S _ ` YQ T U \Q ` Q b dYT Q T U \ F ' @ e Q ^ = Q \\YVQ 7 b a e n c a e U VQ \\U S Yt U ^ 8 Q bSU\_ ^ Q U^ U \ Qs_ * 1 ) 2 ] k b dYb % i U ^ U c dU Q s _ * 2 ) 2 cU S_ ^ ] U ] _ bQ U\ ` b Y] U b 9 U ^ dU ^ Q bY_ T U \_ c ] k b dYb U c S_ ^ VUc_ bU c T U 9 bYcd_ i T U \Q ` Q db YQ î+ =nÄ _d^` pi\ cje\ np`go\ `i `g Hd]mj _` >\podnhjn+

O`bÜi g\ ^jnoph]m`) g` dhkpnd`mji om`n ijh]m`n7 Fj\i) =iojid t >`i`o+ H\ dhkjnd^dÑi _` gjn ijh]m`n _` kdg\ kjm k\mo` _` gjn k\_mdijn %t _`g n\^`m_jo`) lp` njgÄ\ dhkji`m `g Ügodhj&) \_`hzn _` diqj^\m g\ kmjo`^^dÑi _` gjn n\iojn t _` kmjkji`m hj_`gjn \ lpd`i`n dhdo\m ñ `m\ pi c`^cj ^jhÜi g\ g`^opm\ _` qd_\n _` n\iojn `i g\n q`g\_\n a\hdgd\m`nñ ) ndbidad^\]\ o\h]d}i np din`m^dÑi `i g\ ^jhpid_\_ a\hdgd\m t g\ kmjgjib\^dÑi `i `g od`hkj _`g pnj _`g hdnhj ijh]m` lp` gjn \io`k\n\_jn nj]m` oj_j _` gjn \]p`gjn) ^jhj om\_d^dÑi a\hdgd\m ^\nd j]gdb\_\+ Ag `e`m^d^dj _`g k\_mdi\ubj `i \^jio`^dhd`iojn lp` od`i`i ij nÑgj ndbidad^\_j m`gdbdjnj ndij o\h]d}i Äiodh\ m`k`m^pndÑi `i g\ ^`g`]m\^dÑi a\hdgd\m kj_mÄ\ m`q`g\m pi\ ]p`i\ m`g\^dÑi j) kjm gj h`ijn) dh\ am`^p`io\^dÑi _` npn hd`h]mjn `i g\n a`^c\n b`i`* m\gh`io` hzn m`^jm_\_\n+ Ag ^jhk\_m\ubj `no\]g`^` g\ujn _` k\m`io`n^j `nkdmdop\g) \_`hzn _`g ^jh`od_j _` `_p^\_jm m`gdbdjnj+ H\ N`ajmh\ gpo`* m\i\) ^jhj m`^p`m_\ I\pmd^` =th\m_ %.66.7 45&) m`^c\uÑ `no` odkj _` m`g\^dji`n lp` gdhdo\i g\ gd]`mo\_ t nji ì om\hk\n lp` \nkdm\i \ `imdlp`^`m `g L\k\ î+ L`mj `i Ank\É\) Eo\gd\ t gjn

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CHK=B \g^\i`n n` h\iopqd`mji `no\n kmz^od^\n+ Oj]m` oj_j `i Ank\É\) k`mj ndi hzn gdhdo\^dji`n lp` g\n dhkp`no\n kjm Pm`ioj) `n _`^dm) g\n lp` n` m`a`mÄ\i \ gjn k\_m`n k\m\ `e`m^`m ^jhj k\_mdijn _` npn cdejn8 \ gjn k\_mdijn t h\_mdi\n) ^ji g\ ^jindbpd`io` kmjcd]d^dÑi _` ^jiom\`m h\omdhjidj ^ji `g \cde\_j j \cde\_\+ Ag ]\podnhj o`iÄ\ gpb\m `g hdnhj _Ä\ j `g ndbpd`io` _`g i\^dhd`ioj) ^ji `g kmjkÑndoj _` b\m\iodu\m g\ n\gq\^dÑi _` np \gh\) kjm nd hjmÄ\ `i gjn _Ä\n j n`h\i\n ndbpd`io`n) ^jhj ^ji am`^p`i^d\ np^`_Ä\ %=th\m_) .66.7 45&+ >\no\ m`^jm_\m \ =ii\ C\ggda\) g\ c`mh\i\ lp` hpmdÑ \ gjn _jn h`n`n) ^p\i_j `g L\_m` C\ggda\ t\ o`iÄ\ 6 \Éjn+ D\t jomj `e`hkgj) np c`mh\ij A_p\g_) ^p\omj \Éjn h\tjm lp` `g L\_m` C\ggda\) `iom` .5-3 t .51-) opqj ip`q` q\no\bjn _` gjn lp` ^di^j hpmd`mji `g hdnhj \Éj lp` i\^d`mji) _jn \ gjn _jn \Éjn) pij \ gjn n`dn t jomj \ gjn q`i* odnd`o` %=LO>) H>) .5-3& =_`hzn _` g\ \pojmd_\_ _` g\ Ebg`nd\ t g\ m`gdbdjnd_\_ _`g kp`]gj) `g \goj kjm^`io\e` _` hjmo\gd_\_ dia\iodg di^d_dmÄ\ `i g\ pmb`i^d\ _`g ]\podnhj+ Fj\i C\ggda\ j^pkÑ `g ^p\moj gpb\m `iom` j^cj c`mh\ijn) \pilp` ^ji h\tjm kmjkd`_\_ n` _`]`mÄ\ _`^dm nd`o`) kp`noj lp` g\ n}kodh\ ij \g^\iuÑ \ k\mod^dk\m _` pi\ dio`m\^^dÑi a\hdgd\m ^jiodip\_\+ Ag L\_m` C\ggda\ t\ kp_j `sk`mdh`io\m g\ hp`mo` _` np \]p`gj >`i`o \ gjn 2 \Éjn %.45-&) k`mj \ gjn 6 %.451&) g\ o`hkm\i\ hp`mo` _` =mh\ kp_j ndbidad^\m pi\ `sk`md`i^d\ _pm\ t `imdlp`^`_jm\+ Hjn idÉjn ^jij^Ä\i g\ hp`mo`) gjn `ia`mhjn `m\i \o`i_d_jn `i ^\n\ t g\ a\hdgd\ \ndnoÄ\ \ np \bjiÄ\ `i pi \h]d`io` dhkm`bi\_j _` qdq`i^d\n m`gdbdjn\n+ Jj nÑgj n` g`Ä\i qd_\n _` n\iojn) o\h]d}i c\]Ä\ _`qj^dji\mdjn ^ji `g `e`m^d^dj _` km`k\m\^dÑi \ pi\ ì ]p`i\ hp`mo` î) n` m`u\]\ kjm gjn _dapiojn t c\]Ä\ ^mp^dadejn `i g\n ^\n\n+ =io`n _` i\^`m Fj\i g` c\]Ä\i km`^`_d_j Fjn`k %.433&) lp` g` gg`q\]\ 6 \Éjn) HgÜ^d\ %.433&) lp` g` gg`q\]\ 4) t A_p\g_ %.44.&) lp` g` gg`q\]\ 1+ @`nkp}n g` n`bpdmÄ\i =iojid\ %.445&) _` 0 \Éjn h`ijn) Idlp`g %.45.&) _` 3 \Éjn h`ijn) t I\mÄ\ %.453&) \ g\ lp` g` gg`q\]\ .. \Éjn+ Ai \lp`g cjb\m) ^p\i_j Fj\i C\ggda\ ^jio\]\ .. \Éjn ^ji* qdqÄ\i 4 c`mh\ijn) _` gjn lp` `g kmdh`mj t\ o`iÄ\ /- \Éjn \g i\^`m np Ügodh\ c`mh\i\ I\mÄ\+

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H\ dbg`nd\ _` g\ Ask`^o\^dÑi i O\i I\oÄ\n o`iÄ\ np a\^c\_\ kmdi^dk\g `i g\ `ioji^`n Lg\|\ _` O\io\ =ii\ %cjt Lg\|\ ?\md`n Ld d Opit`m&) am`io` \g ?\mm`m _` g\ ?\ip_\8 `g hpmj dulpd`m_j hdm\i_j \g z]nd_` _\]\ \g `ioji^`n ?\mm`m _`g Cjq`mi\_jm %\cjm\ @pm\i d >\n& t) `g g\_j jkp`noj) \g ?\mm`m _`gn ?\k`gg\in+ Opn _dh`indji`n `m\i _` /3+3- h`omjn _` g\mbj kjm 5+.2 _` \i^cj+ P`iÄ\ pi ^dh]jmmdj lp` `so`mdjmh`io` n` q`Ä\ ^jhj ojmm` ^p\_m\_\ ^ji \gh`i\n t) `i np ^`iomj) pi\ `n]`go\ gdio`mi\ ^dm^pg\m lp` o`mhdi\]\ `i ^Ükpg\ n`hd`na}md^\+ =nÄ g\ _`n^md]dÑ ?\t`o\ij >\mm\* lp`m %.6-37 0/4*0/5&+ P`iÄ\ ì ^mp^`mj _`n\cjb\_j î t ì z]nd_` kg\ij î+ D\]Ä\ omd]pi\n `i g\ i\q` t om`n ^\kdgg\n kjm g\_j _` _jn h`omjn _` kmjapi_d_\_+ Ag hdnhj >\mm\lp`m _d^` lp` `i `g ^mp^`mj t _`g g\_j _` ?\k`gg\in c\]Ä\ `g \go\m _` O\i =i_m}n =q`gdij ^ji m`o\]gj) `no\]\ m`km`n`io\_j `i `g b`noj _` ^jh`iu\m g\ hdn\ npamd`i_j pi \o\lp` _` \kjkg`eÄ\ lp` t\ ap` np \bjiÄ\+ Ag >\mÑ _` I\g_{ ^`modad^\ `no\ _`qj^dÑi) `g hdnhj `m\ _` g\ ^jam\_Ä\ _`g n\ioj %.66.7 .4.&+ @pm\i d O\ik`m` _d^` lp` `i g\ qdbdgd\ _`g n\ioj n` \ipi^d\]\ g\ ad`no\ k`b\i_j `i g\n `lpdi\n t `i g\n kp`mo\n _` g\n dbg`nd\n `no\hk\n _`g hdnhj) ^jnoph]m` lp` gp`bj ap` `so`i_d_\ \ jom\n ^`g`]m\* ^dji`n t lp`) \g _Ä\ ndbpd`io`) c\]Ä\ pijn ]\i^jn t pi a\^dnojg `i g\ kg\u\ _` n\io\ =i\) am`io` \ g\ dbg`nd\) k\m\ lp` n` \ijo\m\i gjn ^jam\_`n t kp* _d`m\i \]ji\m np ^pjo\ \ip\g %.6407 20.*01&+ H\ ì ?jiam\md\ _` O\io =i* _m`p =q`HgÄ ap` \bm`b\_\ \ g\ C`mh\i_\o P`\odi\ `i .5-4 %=@>) EE+ 212&+ Ag \go\m lp` `no\]\ am`io` \g _` O\i =i_m}n =q`gdij) >\mm\lp`m ij m`^p`m_\ k`mj ^m`` lp` `no\]\ _`_d^\_j \ g\ Rdmb`i) lpduzn `i np \_qj* ^\^dÑi _` g\ Ask`^o\^dÑi j _` g\ ?ji^`k^dÑi) \lpÄ `i np ad`no\ n` dh* kjiÄ\ `g `n^\kpg\mdj t) \_`hzn) `no\]\ g\ Ld\ QidÑ _` g ôAnk`m\i|\ lp` o\h]d}i ap` \bm`b\_\ \ g\ C`mh\i_\o `i g\ hdnh\ a`^c\ lp` g\ ^jam\_Ä\ \io`mdjm+ H\ ^\kdgg\ ^jiodbp\ \ `no` \go\m `m\ g\ _` O\i ?\t`o\ij) ^pt\ `no\op\ t gzhk\m\*^`kdggj ap`mji om\ng\_\_\n \g >p`inp^`nj gp`bj _` .502+

/4/

CHK=B \mÑ _` I\g_{7 ì @d\ 0 _` epit+++ O` om`]\gg\ k`m pi o\g Ndlp`o `i g\ Ljmo\a`mmdnn\) am`io` ^\nd \ g\ ^\k`gg\ _` g\ I\m` _` @}p _` Ijion`mm\o _` ?\n\ I\b\mjg\) \ gj m`o\pg` ijp) _` h\mhÖgn d e\nk`n _` O\io Fpgd{ `i g\ dbg`nd\ _` O\i ?\d`o\ij) \ ^jhko` _`gn ]jodbp`mn) \epno\o k`m _do Ndlp`o \g km`p _` lp\om` hdg ggdpm`n) n`bjin pi np]e`^o`) lp` ]j n\k k`m `gg) hôcj ]\ _do+ Jj cd `iom` m`n _` apno\) nÄ njgn h\m]m`n) e\nk`n d gg\pojin _jm\on+ O` a\ m`o\pg`) qdn gj hj_`gj) d \kmjq\o k`m g ô=^\_~hd\ _` I\_md_) n`io `g lp` om`]\gg\ dindbi` \^\_~hd^ d a\hj* ndnnÄh `n^pgojm+++ î %qjg) E7 .15*16&+ L\m`^` lp` `g kmjt`^oj `m\ _` >\mojh`p =h\o t `g `n^pgojm Fj\i D`imd^ %.410*60& lp`) n`bÜi ?`zi >`mhÜ_`u) ij kp_j ^ji_pdm %>\mm\* lp`i 0/6&+ ëHj c\]mÄ\ \^\]\_j L\p O`mm\ %.416*63&< ?`zi >`mhÜ_`u _d^` lp` o\h]d}i om\]\eÑ \ggÄ+ Ag hdnhj >\mÖ %/5*5*.464& _d^`7 ì Hjn ]jodbp`mn c\i a`o a`no\ ggpÇ_\ \ nji bgjmdÑn k\omÑ d h{modm) n\io Fpgd{) `i nji kmjkd m`o\pg` _` hzmhjg d e\nk` `i g\ dbg`nd\ _` O\io ?\d`o\ij) \] g ô\nndo~i^d\ _` g\ hÜnd^\ _` O\io\ I\md\ _`g I\m î %qjg+ EEE7 ///&+ Kom\ `n^dndÑi ap` g\ _` g\ kd\ QidÑ _` g\ I\m` _` @}p _`g Njn`m) _` g\ dbg`nd\ _` O\i Fjn} _` gjn ^\mh`gdo\n _`n^\gujn) _` g\ N\h]g\+ Ljm _`n\^p`m_jn dio`mijn) pi bmpkj k\n\ \ O\io C\d`o{) `g >\mÑ %\]mdg .456& ^jh`io\7 ì `n _dnodib`ds `g k\n \ \lp`no\ `nbg}nd\ `i g\ j]m\ ^jnojn\ lp` k\nn\ \ a`m ^jm t jmb\ î %Nph]\p) .66-7 .16&+ Ai .5-- ^jh`io\ g\ ^jhk`o`i^d\ `iom` O\i Fjn} t O\i ?\t`o\ij `i g\ ad`no\ _`g ì Njn`m î7 ì kmjaÜn b\noj) h`n^g\iond q\ido\o `i `s^`_dm pin \gn \gom`n n`h]g\ion a`no`n _` ^phkg`\itn _` mjn\mdn+++ n`io t\ apmjm qpt _d\ o\dn api^djin) ij }n hjgo _ô\g\]\m+++ î %E]d_`h7 .41&+ >\mm\lp`m o\h]d}i h`i^dji\ g\n ^\kdgg\n _`_d^\_\n \ g\ Rdmb`i _`g Ldg\m t \g O\ioj O`kpg^mj) lpduzn \g O_j+ ?jm\uÑi t \ O\io\ Nj* n\gÄ\+ H` ^jino\ lp` n` q`i`m\]\ ì pi gd`iuj _`g O\gq\_jm ^ji g\ ^mpu \ ^p`no\n+ ëO`mÄ\ `g _`g ^mp^`mj< î+ Hgjhk\mo %.62.7 56*..4& ^do\ g\ _j^ph`io\^dÑi _` g\n ^\kdgg\n _` O\i ?\t`o\ij) O\i I\oÄ\n) O\io\ Nj* n\gÄ\ t g\ Rdmb`i _`g Ldg\m+ Ano` hdnhj \pojm c\ c`^cj pi q\gdjnj `nop_dj nj]m` g\ `no\op\ _` O\i ?\t`o\ij) \omd]pd_\ \ Idlp`g O\g\ %.3/3*.4-1&) lp` `no\]\ `i g\ cjmi\^di\ _` g\ a\^c\_\ t lp` g` km`n`io\ `mbpd_j) ^ji pi gd]mj \]d`moj

>E I( CH:G @:EEB?: B :KJN>L

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njno`id_j `i g\ h\ij dulpd`m_\ t pi\ \up^`i\ `i g\ _`m`^c\) ^ji g\ ^\m\^o`mÄnod^\ _` \kg\no\m g\ ^\]`u\ _` pi \i^d\ij _` n`h]g\io` \dm\_j lp` \kjt\ np ^\]`u\ `i pi gd]mj %E]d_`h&+ Pd`i` /)./ h+ t `n _` g\]m\ ^\gdu\+ O` c\gg\ `i `g Ipn`p _ô=mo J\^dji\g _` ?\o\gpit\+ Ag >\mÖ _` I\g_{ t @pm\i d O\ik`m` o\h]d}i c\^`i h`i^dÑi _` `no\ `no\op\+ I\ip`g Pm`hpgg`n %.4.2*6.& kdioÑ g\ ^Ükpg\ t pi gd`iuj _`g km`n* ]do`mdj %>\mm\lp`m7 E]d_`h&+ L\p O`mm\ %.416*63& cduj ì g\n %`no\op\n& _` hzmhjg k\m\ `g %m`o\]gj& _` kd`_m\ lp` `noz `i `g ^mp^`mj î %E]d_`h&+ L`m` ?jno\ %.360*.43.& `n^pgkdÑ g\n `n^pgopm\n _`g \go\m h\tjm %E]d_`h&+ ?do\_jn o\h]d}i kjm >ja\mpgg %.65/7 24&+ Ag nz]\_j 4 _` epgdj _` .364) ^ji gjn am\i^`n`n \ g\n kp`mo\n _` >\m^`gji\) `g I\ip\g _` Jjq`ggn =m_don _d^`7 ì Ai `no _d\) gj `i`hd^c ^jioÅip\ `i odm\m ]jh]\n) odm\io*i` hjgo\n \ g\ k\mo _` g\ kg\|\ _` O\io\ =ii\ t ^\mm`m ?ji_\g) a`io bm\i* _Änndh `nom\bj t `i k\mod^pg\m `i g\ dbg`nd\ _` O\io ?\t`o\ij î %qjg+ TTEE7 .55&+ Ag Hd]mj _` ?\kÄopgjn _d^` lp` `g .1 _` epgdj _` .3657 ì O` cduj ^\kÄopgj k\m\ ^`in\m dh\ ^\n\ lp` o`i`hjn \ g\ ^\gg` _` O+ L`_mj h\n \go\ t kjm `no\m _`mpd_\ _` g\n ]jh]\n t n` ^`in\mji `i g\n /5 %`g / nj]m` `n^mdoj kj_mÄ\ n`m pi 4& gd]m\n c\^d}i_jgjn am\i^j ^di^j \Éjn ap` \admh\odqj oj_j gj lp\g ^jino\ kjm \^oj c`^cj `g hdnhj _d\ \io` Bm\i+^j @jmdi`n ijo\mdj kp]gd^j ^jg`bd\_j `i >\m^`gji\+ @+ Fjn`kc =g]md^dj Lm`koj+ @+ =io+j Ijio`mj î %Q> I 02.& ?ji ^d`i \Éjn _` _da`m`i^d\ cp]j _jn ]jh]\m_`jn lp` g`n \a`^o\mji7 Ej& `i g\ bp`mm\ ^ji hjodqj _` g\ Hdb\ _` =pbn]pmbj) _`nkp`n lp` Hpdn TER diq\_dÑ `g L\g\odi\_j) `g _plp` _` R`i_Ñh` ojhÑ >\m^`gji\ `g 6 _` \bjnoj _` .3648 /j& _pm\io` g\ Cp`mm\ Cm\i %.460*62&) ^ji gjn ^\Éji`n \kpio\i_j g\ ^dp_\_) gjn o`\odijn npamd`mji g\n ^jin`^p`i^d\n+ @`nkp}n _` g\ npkm`ndÑi _`adidodq\ _` g\ ^jhpid_\_) n` ^`mmÑ \g ^pgoj t ap` _`nodi\_\ \ pnjn kmja\ijn) adi\gh`io` ap` _`mmpd_\ `i .61t nj]m` np njg\m n` `_dad^Ñ pi `_dad^dj hpid^dk\g+ Hjn o`\odijn m`bm`n\mji \ >\m^`gji\ `i .6/4+ O` `no\]g`^d`mji `i g\ Anlp`mm\ _` g ôAds\hkg`) `i Aimd^ Cm\i\_jn) ^\nd `i g\ `nlpdi\ _` ?ji* n`gg _` ?`io) _ji_`) `i .622) n` di\pbpmÑ pi ip`qj o`hkgj _`_d^\_j \ O\io C\d`o\) j]m\ _`g \mlpdo`^oj Lpdb d F\i`m) `i `g lp` c\t ijo\]g`n kd`u\n `n^pgoÑmd^\n t kd^oÑmd^\n _` F+ Rdg\_jh\o) N+ Bm\_`m\) B+ Odoe\m t =+ Cjmbp`n+ Ai .66/ `g ip`qj o`hkgj ap` j]e`oj _` pi\ m`no\pm\^dÑi lp` ^jhkm`i_dÑ g\ a\^c\_\) g\n ^p]d`mo\n _\É\_\n kjm g\ cph`_\_ lp` c\]Ä\ kmj_p^d_j bjo`m\n ^ji k`gdbmj _` gjn am`n^jn) g\ k\m`_ ^dm^pg\m lp`

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CHK=B \m^`gji\ t g\ _` g\ Km_`i+

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O^mdq`m` kmjadgd ]djbm\ad^d iji ~ a\^dg`+ Rjg`i_j) nd kjom`]]` \kkmjadoo\m` _`g a\ooj ^c` g\ qdo\ _d jbid pjhj) ` lp`gg\ _`d bm\i_d pjhdid ]`i _d m\_j a\ `^^`udji`) ~ n^\i_do\ _\ kj^cd `q`iod m`\gh`io` dhkjmo\iod+ Ei o\g ^\nj) ]\no`m`]]` gdhdo\mnd \_ pi\ n`hkgd^` ^mjijgjbd\ _d `q`iod ` _d Cdpn`kk` Ld\uud nd kjom`]]` _dm` ^c` i\^lp` \ Ljio` _d R\go`ggdi\ dg .3 gpbgdj _`g .413) ^c` nop_dÖ o`jgjbd\ \ Pjmdij k`m kjd nk`^d\gduu\mnd \ Njh\ di adgjnjad\ ` h\o`h\od^\) ^c` ap pi m`gdbdjnj _`ggôjm_di` _`d P`\* odid ` ^c` i`g .5-. n^jkmÅ dg kmdhj _d lp`ggd ^c` \ggjm\ nd ^cd\* h\q\ij kd\i`odid ` ^c` jbbd q`ibjij _`ood \no`mjd_d+ Eiadi`) ^c` hjmÅ \ J\kjgd dg // gpbgdj .5/3+ ?jnÅ md\nnpio\) g\ qdo\ _d pi pjhj) \^lpdno\ j]d`oodqdo{ ` nd nqpjo\ _d lp`gg` dio`mkm`o\udjid) _d lp`d bdp_dud ` _d lp`gg` `nom\kjg\udjid ^c`) di`qdo\]dgh`io`) ^jnomdibjij gj n^mdq`io` kmdh\) `_ dg g`oojm` kjd) \ a\m` _`gg` n^`go`+ Hô\go`mi\odq\ \ lp`no\ ^ji^dndji` _\ _dudji\mdj ~ lp`gg\ _d `i* om\m` i`g h`mdoj _`gg` ^jn` ` ^`m^\m` _d md^jnompdm` lp`gg` njoodgd dio`m\udjid om\ g ôpjhj) dg npj k`ind`mj ` g` qd^`i_` ` bgd \^^\_d* h`iod _`ggô`kj^\ di ^pd qdnn`+ = a\mgj) ^d nd \^^jmb` ^c` lp`g njoodg` adgj gjbd^j ^c` g`b\ bgd `q`iod ph\id nk`nnj nd nadg\^^d\ di hdgg` om`ajgd ^c`) diom`^^d\i_jnd \ gjmj qjgo\ di hdgg` \gomd) adidn^jij ^jg k`m_`m` g\ gjmj d_`iodo{ i`gg\ om\h\ _d pi o`nnpoj hjgoj kdá bm\i_`+ Ld\uud i\^lp` di piô`kj^\ _d kmjaji_d ^\h]d\h`iod+ Opg ad* idm` _`gg\ kmdh\ h`o{ _`g TREEE n`^jgj) dia\ood) gôApmjk\) ` nj*

/45

@ BN L>II> > MBSB:G: EHG@H

km\oopooj Eibcdgo`mm\) Bm\i^d\ ` C`mh\id\) qd_`mj g\ n`hkm` h\b* bdjm` _daapndji` _d lp`gg` ipjq` ^jmm`iod _d k`ind`mj) hdm\iod \gg\ g\d^duu\udji` _`gg\ ^pgopm\ adgjnjad^\) kjgdod^\ ` n^d`iodad^\) ^c` q`ibjij jbbd m\bbmpkk\o` njooj g\ ^jhpi` `od^c`oo\ _d Eggphd* idnhj+ ?jmm`iod ^c`) ijijno\io` g` kmjaji_` _daa`m`iu` g`b\o` \gg` nompoopm` nj^d\gd ` nojmd^c` _`d mdnk`oodqd L\`nd _ôjmdbdi`) `]* ]`mj \g^pid \nk`ood di ^jhpi`+ Eii\iudopooj) g\ mdiijq\o\ ad_p^d\ i`gg\ m\bdji` ^jh` nomph`ioj _d ^jhkm`indji`) _d ^jijn^`iu\ ` _d kjo`m` npgg\ nj^d`o{ ` npggô\h]d`io` ^dm^jno\io`8 g\ ^jiqdiudji` ^c` dg n\k`m` iji _jq`nn` `nn`m` mdn`mq\oj \_ pi\ mdnom`oo\ n\YdU _d kmdqdg`bd\od) h\ _daapnj km`nnj nom\od nj^d\gd kdá \hkd8 g\ ^ji* qdiudji` ^c` d h`^^\idnhd _d bjq`mij _jq`nn`mj `nn`m` di lp\g^c` hj_j njoom\ood \ggô\mdnoj^m\ud\ o`mmd`m\ ` di_dmduu\od q`mnj g\ ipjq\ ]jmbc`nd\ h`m^\iodg` ` di_pnomd\g`+ Aô lp\nd npk`magpj njoojgdi`\m` ^jh` gô\^^`oo\udji` _d lp`* no` ipjq` o`jmd` \qq`idnn` om\ iji kj^cd ^jiom\nod ` _daad^jgo{+ =_ `nn`) dia\ood) nd jkkjn`mj nom`ip\h`io` opood ^jgjmj ^c` qd q`_`q\ij pi \oo`io\oj \g kmjkmdj kjo`m` k`mnji\g`+ H` no`nn` Qid* q`mndo{) \_ `n`hkdj) nqjgn`mj pi _pkgd^` mpjgj7 ^\nn\ _d mdnji\iu\ ` _d \hkgdad^\udji` _`gg` ipjq` d_`` _\ pi g\oj ` nom`ipj ]\gp\m_j di _da`n\ _`gg` om\_dudjid _\ggô\gomj+ Eg a\n^dij _`d ipjqd o`hkd `m\ o\g`) k`mÖ) ^c` \i^c` \g^pid njqm\id nd kd^^\mjij _d \kkjb* bd\m` g` d_`` dggphdidno` n`iu\ \^^jmb`mnd ^c` \ gpibj \i_\m` \qm`]]`mj n`bi\oj g\ adi` _`gg` hji\m^cd` \nnjgpo`+ H\ gjmj n^`go\) kdá ^c` `nn`m` dg ampooj _d pi\ h\bbdjm` \k`mopm\ h`io\g`) ap hjgoj km\]d]dgh`io` dg mdnpgo\oj _d pi `mmjm` _d q\gpo\udji`7 i`g kjo`io` h`nn\bbdj \iod^g`md^\g` _`ggôEggphdidnhj `nnd qd_`mj g\ kjnnd]dgdo{ _d njoom\mm` d kmjkmd m`bdhd \ggôdio`ma`m`iu\ ^jiodip\ ` nbm\_do\ _d pi ^g`mj diq\_`io` ` iji ^\kdmjij ^c`) pi\ qjgo\ didud\oj dg kmj^`nnj _d mdiijq\h`ioj) ]`i _daad^dgh`io` nd n\m`]]` kjopoj \mm`no\m` _di\iud \gg` mj^^\ajmod _`ggô\mdnoj^m\ud\ o`mmd`m\+ E njqm\id nd m`n`mj ^jioj _`ggôdhkjmo\iu\ ^c` g\ o`^ijgjbd\ ` g\ n^d`iu\ \q`q\ij k`m g\ kmjnk`mdo{ `^jijhd^\ _d pi\ i\udji` ` g` di^jm\bbd\mjij dnodop`i_j ipjq` Qidq`mndo{) =^^\_`hd` ` ^`iomd _d md^`m^\+ L`m ^do\m` njgj \g^pid ^\nd7 B`_`md^j EE _d Lmpnnd\ i`g .410 mdaji_Ö g ô=^^\_`hd\ _d >`mgdij) ^cd\h\i_jg\ =^^\_`hd\ N`\g` Lmpnnd\i\ _`gg` O^d`iu` ` ^cd\h\i_j \ a\mi` k\mo` I\p*

@BN L>II> IB:SSB :LMKHGHFH =>EE> =N> L B< BE B>

/46

k`mopdn) Apg`mj) H\bm\i_`8 i`g .41. q`ii` aji_\o\ gô=^^\_`hd\ N`\g` Oq`_`n`8 i`g .41/) m` ?mdnod\ij ER dnodopÅ gô=^^\_`hd\ N`\g` @\i`n` `) di >`gbdj) g\ q`^^cd\ =^^\_`hd\ _`d ?pmdjnd q`i* i` mdnompoopm\o\ ` om\najmh\o\ di =^^\_`hd\ H`jkjg_di\ _`gg` O^d`iu`+ =i^c` di Eo\gd\) i`g .412) ap a\oo\ mdnjmb`m` g ô=^^\_`hd\ _`d Hdi^`d+ H` =^^\_`hd` a\qjmdmjij dg _d]\oodoj ` g\ _daapndji` _`gg` ipjq` d_``) \^^`g`m\i_ji` g ô\aa`mh\udji`+ I\ lp`noj iji ap dg njgj \nk`ooj kjndodqj+ Cgd dib`iod adi\iud\h`iod no\o\gd \bgd dnodopod _d md^`m^\ ` _d dnompudji` npk`mdjm`) dia\ood) om\najmh\mjij dg g\* qjmj _`ggj n^d`iud\oj di pi\ kmja`nndji` m`bjg\mh`io` m`omd]pdo\ ` \qqd^di\mjij \gg\ ^\mmd`m\ n^d`iodad^\ \i^c` d ^`od h`ij \]]d`iod+ L`m lp\ioj mdbp\m_\ g ô\nomjijhd\) dg m\kd_j _daaji_`mnd _`gg` d_`` _d J`roji ` _`g hj_`ggj h`^^\id^dno\ di^jiom\mjij gô\^^\ido\ m`ndno`iu\ _d k\mo` _`ggô\h]d`io` `^^g`nd\nod^j `) njkm\oopooj) _d lp`bgd no`nnd C`npdod ^c`) _jkj \q`m` gpib\h`io` \qq`mn\oj g` _jo* omdi` ^\mo`nd\i` di ijh` _`gg\ kdá mdbjmjn\ om\_dudji` \mdnojo`gd^\) iji `ndo\mjij pi \oodhj \ pn\m` g\ adnd^\ ^\mo`nd\i\ ^jh` \mh\ ^jiomj g` o`jmd` i`rojid\i`+ I\ dg a\n^dij _`gg` ipjq` o`jmd` `m\ di^jiom\no\]dg` `) bd{ i`g .411) dg bm\i_` h\o`h\od^j ` \nomjijhj Apg`mj) kjn` d aji_\h`iod _`gg\ h`^^\id^\ ^`g`no` kp]]gd^\i_j g\ np\ jk`m\ JXU_bYQ ]_dee] `\Q^UdQbe] Ud S_]UdQbe] di ^pd) _jkj \q`m` mdnjgoj \i\gdod^\h`io` dg kmj]g`h\ _`d _p` ^jmkd `_ \q`m` \aamjio\oj g` kmdh` _daad^jgo{ _d lp`ggj _`d om` ^jmkd) `bgd kjn` \i^c` d aji_\h`iod _`g ^jnd__`ooj ^\g^jgj q\md\udji\g`+ J`bgd \iid np^^`nndqd dg mdohj _`gg` ipjq` n^jk`mo` \nomjijhd^c` _dq`i* i` di^\gu\io`+ L`m ^do\mi` njgj \g^pi` _`gg` kdá dhkjmo\iod7 i`g .415 gôdibg`n` F+ >m\_g`t n^jkmÅ dg a`ijh`ij _`gg\ hpo\udji` ` P+ I\t`m joo`ii` g\ kmdh\ \^^pm\o\ ^\mo\ gpi\m`+ J`g .42-) g ô\nomjadgj ` din`bi\io` _d i\qdb\udji` dibg`n` Pcjh\n Smdbco kp]]gd^Ö dg kmdhj o`io\odqj _d dio`mkm`o\udji` _`gg\ _dnomd]pudji` _`gg` no`gg` npgg\ na`m\ ^`g`no`+ J`g .42/) gô\]\o` J+H+ H\^\dgg` kp]]gd^Ö dg kmdhj ^\o\gjbj no`gg\m` _`g ^d`gj \pnom\g`) `) ^jh* kd`i_j jnn`mq\udjid ndhpgo\i`` ^ji gôKnn`mq\ojmdj _d >`mgdij) joo`ii` g\ kmdh\ \^^pm\o\ hdnpm\ _`gg\ k\m\gg\nn` %` lpdi_d _`gg\ _dno\iu\& gpi\m`+ O`hkm` i`g .42/) P+ I\t`m joo`ii` \^^pm\o` `aa`h`md_d njg\md ` gpi\md ` nqdgpkkÖ pi h`oj_j km`^dnj k`m g\

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@BN L>II> > MBSB:G: EHG@H

_`o`mhdi\udji` _`gg` gjibdop_did+ J`g .43-) gj no`nnj I\t`m kp]* ]gd^Ö dg kmdhj ^\o\gjbj _d hjod kmjkmd no`gg\md) ^jio`i`io` ]`i 5- no`gg`+ Aô di lp`noô`kj^\ _d a`mh`iod ^pgopm\gd ^c` \qq`ii` g\ ajm* h\udji` _d Cdpn`kk` Ld\uud+ @d n\gpo` ^\bdji`qjg`) Ld\uud `m\ no\oj \qqd\oj _\gg\ a\hdbgd\ \gg\ ^\mmd`m\ m`gdbdjn\ `_ `m\ _dq`ipoj pi ^cd`md^j o`\odij) pi jm_di` m`gdbdjnj aji_\oj i`g .2/1 _\ C\`* o\ij Pcd`i` ` _\g apopmj k\k\ L\jgj ER) Cd\hkd`mj ?\m\a\) ^ji gj n^jkj _d \nndno`m` bgd dia`mhd+ @jkj \q`m` k`ma`udji\oj bgd nop_d \ Pjmdij ` \ Njh\) jq` nd \__joojmÖ di adgjnjad\ ` h\o`h\od^\+ Ld\uud didudÖ pi gpibj k`mdj_j _d din`bi\h`ioj ` _d km`_d^\udji` ^c` gj qd_` kmdh\ \ B`mm\m\) kjd \ Njh\ `) diadi` \ I\go\+ J`g .434) \ ^\pn\ _`gg` `^^`nndq` dib`m`iu` i`bgd \aa\md _d no\oj) d C`npdod apmjij `nkpgnd _\g N`bij _`gg` @p` Od^dgd`) ` dg bjq`mij ]jm]jid^j nd a`^` ^\md^j _`ggôdnompudji` _d jbid jm_di` ` bm\_j) dnodop`i_j) i`g .440) g ô=^^\_`hd\ _`d N`bd Oop_d) kjd _dq`ipo\) i`g .5-2) gôQidq`mndo{ _d L\g`mhj+ Hô\^^\_`hd\ `m\ km`nd`_po\ _\ pi\ _`kpo\udji` _d ^dilp` h`h]md ^c` mdpn^dmjij \_ joo`i`m`) _\g m` B`m_di\i_j EE) g ôdnod* opudji` _d q`iod ^\oo`_m`) om\ ^pd \i^c` lp`gg\ _d h\o`h\od^\ ` ^\g^jgj np]gdh` ^c`) di pi kmdhj hjh`ioj) ap \nn`bi\o\ \ Jd^jgÖ ?`ioj+ J`g .45.) bgd np]`iomÖ k\_m` Ld\uud ^c`) bm\ud` \gg\ gpib\ km\od^\ ^jh` km`_d^\ojm`) _dq`ii` np]doj hjgoj kjkjg\m` om\ bgd nop_`iod) mdpn^`i_j \_ \aa\n^di\mgd ^ji g\ np\ ^\k\^do{ _d m`i_`m` ^cd\md \i^c` d ^ji^`ood kdá \nompnd+ J`g .453) dg bjq`mij ]jm]j* id^j _`^dn` _d di^`iodq\m` gô\nomjijhd\ `) md_p^`i_j d aji_d _d* nkjid]dgd k`m g\ ^\oo`_m\ _d h\o`h\od^\) dnodopÅ lp`gg\ _d \nomj* ijhd\+ Lpmomjkkj) g\ h\i^\iu\ _d om\_dudjid ` _d nomph`io\udji` _\ pi g\oj) ` g\ n^\mn`uu\ _`d aji_d _dnkjid]dgd) m`n`mj diampo* opjnd d iph`mjnd o`io\odqd a\ood _\gg\ ?jhhdnndji` k`m ^cd\h\m` \ L\g`mhj pij _`d bm\i_d \nomjijhd _`g o`hkj+ L\_m` Ld\uud q`ii` lpdi_d diqd\oj \ggô`no`mj k`m pi k`mdj_j _d nop_d ` _d k`m* a`udji\h`ioj+ Eg bjq`mij ]jm]jid^j bgd \aad_Ö \i^c` piôdib`io` njhh\ k`m g ô\^lpdnoj _`bgd nomph`iod _\ dino\gg\m` km`nnj dg ipjqj Knn`mq\ojmdj+ J`g .454) di piô\ohjna`m\ _d o`indji` g`* b\o\ \d a`mh`iod mdqjgpudji\md ^c` no\q\ij _daaji_`i_jnd di Apmj*

@ BN L>II> IB:SSB :LMKHGHFH =>EE> =N> L B< BE B>

/5.

k\+ Ld\uud k\mod \gg\ qjgo\ _d L\mdbd ` _d Hji_m\+ = L\mdbd nd a`mhÖ km`nnj gôKnn`mq\ojmdj _`gg\ O^pjg\ Idgdo\m`) dg ^pd _dm`o* ojm`) H\g\i_`) kpm `nn`i_j pij _`d h\nndhd h`^^\id^d ^`g`nod _`d npjd o`hkd) `m\ pjhj am`__j ` _dno\^^\oj) ]`i gjio\ij _\gg\ i\* opm\ k\nndji\g` \ dhkpgndq\ _`g Ld\uud+ Ld\uud i` ap n^jm\bbd\oj \g kpioj _d _p]do\m` _d n` no`nnj ` _`gg\ kmjkmd\ ^\k\^do{ _d \nomjijhj+ Ldá a`gd^` ` n`m`ij ap dg npj njbbdjmij di Eibcdgo`mm\) jq` `]]` j^^\ndji` _d ^jijn^`m` ` am`lp`io\m` dg bm\i_` \nomj* ijhj dibg`n` Bm`_`md^f Sdggd\h D`mn^c`g ` np\ njm`gg\ ?\mjgdi\+ = lp`ggô`kj^\ D`mn^c`g \q`q\ bd{ \^lpdndoj ijojmd`o{ dio`mi\udj* i\g` k`m \q`m` n^jk`moj Qm\ij `_ `m\ no\oj ijhdi\oj \nomjijhj m`\g` _\ Cdjmbdj R+ Cm\ud` \gg\ hpidad^`iu\ m`b\g`) D`mn^c`g \q`q\ `m`ooj i`g bd\m_dij _`gg\ np\ \]do\udji` pi bm\i_` o`g`n^j* kdj _d ^dm^\ ./- ^h _d _d\h`omj _jq` k`m jnn`mq\m` j^^jmm`q\ \mm\hkd^\mnd np pi\ kd^^jg\ n^\g\ om\]\gg\io`+ L`mnj _\gg\ ajb\ _`gg` jnn`mq\udjid) _pm\io` pi\ ijoo` k\mod^jg\mh`io` am`__\) Ld\uud ^\__`) am\oopm\i_jnd pi ]m\^^dj+ Jjijno\io` opooj) Ld\uud nd m`^Ö np]doj _jkj \ >mdibcoji _\ F`nn` N\hn_`i) dhj _`d hd* bgdjmd ^jnompoojmd _d nomph`iod n^d`iodad^d _`g O`oo`^`ioj+ Okjn\oj \_ pi\ adbgd\ _d Fjci @jggji_) \gomj ^`g`]m` jood^j ` ^jnompoojm` _d nomph`iod) N\hn_`i `m\ _dq`ipoj bdpno\h`io` a\hjnj k`m \q`m` ^jnompdoj g\ kmdh\ hjio\opm\ `lp\ojmd\g` ` k`m g\ km`^dndji` _`d npjd ^`m^cd bm\_p\od+ Ld\uud bgd ^jhhdnndjiÖ g\ m`\gduu\udji` _d pi ^`m^cdj u`ido\g`) _d ^dilp` kd`_d _d _d\h`omj ^c`) i`g npj b`i`m`) `m\ gj nomph`ioj kdá \^^pm\oj \ggjm\ _dnkjid]dg` di Apmjk\+ Lpm* omjkkj) \g hjh`ioj _`g npj md`iomj di Eo\gd\) g\ ndop\udji` kjgdod^\ `m\ _`b`i`m\o\ \g kpioj ^c` g` \pojmdo{ _jb\i\gd dibg`nd n`lp`* nom\mjij g` ^\nn` ^jio`i`iod gj nomph`ioj) \__p^`i_j dg km`o`noj ^c` d kmj_jood _`ggôdib`bij ]mdo\iid^j iji kjo`q\ij pn^dm` _\g o`mmdojmdj i\udji\g`+ @jkj pi kmj^`nnj _pm\oj \g^pid h`nd) Ld\uud mpdn^Å \ nom\kk\m` dg k`mh`nnj _d `nkjmo\udji` ` \ a\m` \mmdq\m` \ L\g`mhj) npg adidm` _`g .456) g` km`udjn` ^\nn`+ Cgd \iid np^* ^`nndqd apmjij dio`m\h`io` _`_d^\od \gg\ ^jnompudji` _`ggôKnn`mq\* ojmdj ` \ggôdino\gg\udji` _`g ^`m^cdj u`ido\g`+ ?jh` n`_` _`ggôKn* n`mq\ojmdj _d L\g`mhj) Ld\uud \q`q\ n^`goj g\ Pjmm` n\m\^`i\ _d O\io\ Jdia\) \ggôdio`mij _`g ?\no`ggj N`\g`+

/5/

@ BN L>II> > MBSB:G: EHG@H

J`g .46.) Ld\uud didudÖ lp`g g\qjmj di_`a`nnj _d jnn`mq\udji` ^c` \qm`]]` kmjn`bpdoj didio`mmjoo\h`io` k`m q`iod \iid ` ^c` bgd \qm`]]` ^\pn\oj n`md _\iid \gg\ n\gpo`) bd{ ^\bdji`qjg`) `_ \gg\ qdno\+ Eg g\qjmj ^c` nd `m\ n^`goj `m\) dia\ood) pij _`d kdá `no`ip\iod ` a\od^jnd ^c` pi \nomjijhj kjo`nn` kmjkjmnd7 g\ m`\gduu\udji` _d pi ^\o\gjbj _d kjndudjid ` h\bidop_did no`gg\md+ L`m m`i_`mnd ^jioj _`gg` _daad^dgo{ dindo` di pi g\qjmj ndaa\ooj q\g` g\ k`i\ _d ^do\m` pi ]m\ij _d Lgdidj) di ^pd nd k\mg\ _`g kmdhj ^\o\gjbj no`gg\m` _`ggô\iod^cdo{) lp`ggj _d .-01 no`gg` m`\gduu\oj _\ Ekk\m^j i`g EE n`^jgj \+?+ ^^ +++ Hj no`nnj Ekk\m^j iji n\m{ h\d \]]\no\iu\ gj_\oj) bd\^* ^c}+++ jn\i_j piôdhkm`n\ ^c` n\m`]]` no\o\ \m_p\ \i^c` k`m pi _dj) km`n` \ ^jio\m` k`m d kjno`md g` no`gg` ` bgd \nomd ` \ _dnodi* bp`mgd ^ji ijhd) `n^jbdo\i_j nomph`iod \_\ood k`m n`bi\m` d gpj* bcd ` g` bm\i_`uu` _d ^d\n^pij) ^jnÅ _\ kjo`m` a\^dgh`io` _dn^`m* i`m` iji njgj n` hjmdnn`mj ` i\n^`nn`mj) h\ n` \__dmdoopm\ \g^pid k\nn\nn`mj ` nd hpjq`nn`mj ` ^jnÅ kpm` n` ^m`n^`nn`mj j _dhdipdn* n`mj _d iph`mj) g\n^d\i_j k`m o\g hj_j \ opood di `m`_do{ dg ^d`gj) n` \q`nn` omjq\oj lp\g^pij _dnkjnoj \_ \^^jbgd`m` o\g` `m`_do{+++ î+ A g` _daad^jgo{ `m\ij o\gd ^c` i`d q`iod n`^jgd np^^`nndqd ]`i kj^cd \q`q\ij m\^^jgoj g ô`m`_do{ _d Ekk\m^j7 om\ _d `nnd >m\_g`t) ^c` i`g .42- \q`q\ kp]]gd^\oj pi ^\o\gjbj _d ^dm^\ om`hdg\ no`gg` ` H\g\i_`) ^c` i` \q`q\ kp]]gd^\oj pij ^ji ^dm^\ 14 hdg\+ Eg ^\* o\gjbj _d Ld\uud) pi\ qjgo\ ^jhkg`o\oj) i` \qm`]]` ^jio`ipo` njgj 5---) h\ \qm`]]` \qpoj _\gg\ np\ .ôdi^m`_d]dg` km`^dndji` _`gg` hdnpm`) ^dm^\ _p` qjgo` hdbgdjm` _d lp`gg\ _`gg` hdbgdjmd hdnpm` _`d npjd ^jio`hkjm\i`d+ Eg km`uuj ^c` Ld\uud _jq`oo` k\* b\m` k`m m\bbdpib`m` o\g` \^^pm\o`uu\ ap `g`q\oj7 jbid no`gg\ ap hdnpm\o\ \gh`ij ^dilp` qjgo` ` d ^\g^jgd q`ii`mj mdk`opod kdá qjgo`+ E mdnpgo\od _d lp`noj g\qjmj ^`mojndij iji nd a`^`mj \oo`i_`m`+ Ld\uud ap dg kmdhj \ _dhjnom\m` ^c` d hjod kmjkmd _`gg` no`gg` iji `m\ij pi\ k`^pgd\mdo{) h\ kdpoojnoj g\ ijmh\) ` ^jnÅ a\^`i_j nkd\iÖ g\ nom\_\ \gg` di_\bdid ndno`h\od^c` _d >`nn`g) =pr`mn `) hjgoj kdá o\m_d) _d G\ko`ti+ Pm\ g` \gom` ^jn`) Ld\uud n^jkmÅ \i^c` pi\ no`gg\) g\ 3. ?tbid) ^ji pi hjoj kmjkmdj `^^`udji\g* h`io` bm\i_` ` _dhjnomÖ h\o`h\od^\h`io` g\ kjnnd]dgdo{ _d hd* npm\m` g` k\m\gg\nnd no`gg\md+ Jji \ ^\nj) o\g` no`gg\ ap \i^c` g\

@BN L>II> IB:SSB :LMKHGHFH =>EE> =N> L B< BE B>

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kmdh\ _d ^pd) i`g .505) g ô\nomjijhj B+S+ >`nn`g mdpn^Å \ hdnp* m\m` g\ k\m\gg\nn`+ Ld\uud) n` nd `^^`oop\ dg hj_`noj \dpoj ^c` bgd q`idq\ _\ pi \nndno`io` \__`ooj \gg\ m`bdnom\udji` _`gg` jnn`mq\* udjid ` \ k\mo` _`d ^\g^jgd) a`^` opooj _\ njgj) _dqd_`i_jnd om\ g` jnn`mq\udjid) g ô`g\]jm\udji` _`d mdnpgo\od) g ô\hhdidnom\udji`) g` kp]* ]gd^c` m`g\udjid _`ggôKnn`mq\ojmdj ` gôdin`bi\h`ioj km`nnj gôQid* q`mndo{+ Eg npj ^\md^j _d g\qjmj `m\ o\g` ^c` g ô\hd^j ` ^jgg`b\ >\mi\]\ Kmd\id) _dm`oojm` _`ggôKnn`mq\ojmdj _d >m`m\) i`g .460 nd qd_` ^jnom`ooj \ n^mdq`mbgd7 ì +++ >m\qdnndhj L\_m` Ld\uud H\ np\ jk`m\ \nomjijhd^\ ~ `^^`gg`io`+ +++ H\ g\odop_di` _d L\g`mhj ~ kdá `n\oo\h`io` _`o`m* hdi\o\ di pi njgj \iij) ^c` iji ap lp`gg\ _d L\mdbd di pi n`^jgj dio`mj+ +++ Ej) k`mÖ) _\ ]pji \hd^j g` m\^^jh\i_j g\ hj_`m\* udji` i`g g\qjmj) kjd^c} n`ioj ^c` jm\ iji bj_` k`ma`oo\ n\gpo`+ O\m`d di^jinjg\]dg` n` n`iodnnd ^c`) k`m qjg`m a\m omjkkj) Agg\ _d* q`io\nn` h\modm` _`ggô\nomjijhd\+++ î+ H\ n`m\ _`g .3 \bjnoj .464) g` omdnod km`qdndjid _`ggôKmd\id n`h]m\mjij npg kpioj _d \qq`m\mnd+ Ld\uud) ijijno\io` pi\ ajmo` _`]jg`uu\) nd m`^Ö di ^pkjg\ k`m g` ^jinp`o` jnn`mq\udjid h\) nadidoj) nd \]]\oo} \g npjgj ` ^\__` di pi\ njmo\ _d _`gdmdj ^c` nd kmjom\nn` k`m \g^pid bdjmid+ @\ \ggjm\) g\ _`]jg`uu\ ` bgd nq`id* h`iod dhkmjqqdnd iji gj \]]\i_ji\mjij kdá) `) di pi\ g`oo`m\ _`g .5-0) Ld\uud n^mdnn` \ggô\hd^j Kmd\id7 ì +++ Ojij ipjq\h`io` ^\_poj i`gg\ _`]jg`uu\ ` bgd nq`idh`iod) ^c` o\ioj hd \aagdnn`mj i`bgd \iid k\nn\od) njij md^jhdi^d\od+ ?cdnn{ n` lp`no\ qjgo\ kjomÖ gd]`m\mh`i`< Lj^j dhkjmo\) dg hdj o`no\h`ioj ~ a\ooj+ Ojgj hd ^jinjg\ ^c` iji \]]d\ \^^`oo\oj g\ ^\oo`_m\ _d >jgjbi\+ Od n\m`]]` \nk`oo\oj hjgoj _\ h`) ` i`ggj no\oj di ^pd njij iji \qm`d kjopoj a\m id`io`+++ î+ Eg o`no\h`ioj \ ^pd Ld\uud nd mda`mdq\ `m\ dg bm\i_` ^\o\bjgj no`gg\m` ^c` `m\ jmh\d lp\nd ^jhkdpoj+ Pm\ dg lp\m\io\* n`oo`ndhj ` dg n`nn\io\n`oo`ndhj \iij _ô`o{) Ld\uud \q`q\ joo`ipoj 53 hdg\ jnn`mq\udjid \g ^`m^cdj h`md_d\ij ` ^dm^\ 0- hdg\ \ggj nomph`ioj _`d k\nn\bbd+ O` \ lp`no` nd \bbdpibjij \i^c` g` jnn`m* q\udjid _`d kd\i`od) _d ^jh`o` ` _`g Ojg`) nd m\bbdpib` g ôdi^m`_d]dg` ^dam\ _d jgom` ^`iojq`iod^dilp`hdg\ jnn`mq\udjid+ O\m`]]` ]\no\oj hjgoj h`ij k`m \nnd^pm\m` \d kjno`md dg md^jm_j _d Ld\uud8 `kkpm`) \ qjgo`) d h`^^\idnhd ^c` ^ji_p^jij \gg\ ijojmd`o{ njij nom\id `)

,2.

@ BN L>II> > MBSB:G: EHG@H

hjgoj kmj]\]dgh`io`) gô`ijmh` g\qjmj _d Ld\uud iji gj \qm`]]` ^ji_jooj hjgoj kdá di g{ _`gg\ ]pji\ m`kpo\udji` i`bgd \h]d`iod n^d`iodad^d n` iji ajnn` no\oj k`m pi\ k\mod^jg\m` jnn`mq\udji`) ^ji_joo\ g\ n`m\ _`g kmdhj b`ii\dj .5-.+ Mp`gg\ n`m\) Ld\uud no\q\ \nk`oo\i_j dg k\nn\bbdj _d pi\ no`gg\ _d n`oodh\ bm\i_`uu\ m`bdnom\o\ i`g ^\o\gjbj _`gg` no`gg` uj_d\^\gd _d H\^\dgg`) lp\i_j nd \^^jmn` _d pi\ kd^^jg\ no`ggdi\) _d kj^j kdá _`]jg` ` iji m`bdnom\o\ di \g^pi ^\o\gjbj+ Ld\uud i` hdnpmÖ g\ kjndudji` `) ^ji g\ np\ ^jinp`o\ \^^pm\o`uu\) g\ jnn`mqÖ _d ipjqj dg bdjmij n`bp`io`+ H\ h\oodi\ _`g 0 b`ii\dj) a\oo` g` _jqpo` md* _pudjid) Ld\uud nd \^^jmn` ^c` g` _p` kjndudjid iji ^jdi^d_`q\ij+ Qi\ o`mu\ hdnpm\) `aa`oop\o\ lp`gg\ no`nn\ n`m\) gj ^jiqdin` ^c` g ôjbb`ooj nd no\q\ m`\gh`io` nkjno\i_j gpibj piôjm]do\ _d odkj kg\i`o\mdj j ^jh`o\mdj+ Ld\uud mdpn^Å \ n`bpdm` g ôjm]do\ _`g kd\i`o\ k`m njgd 1. bdjmid) adij \ lp\i_j) ^dj~) g` ^\oodq` ^ji_dudjid \ohjna`md^c` ` bgd \^^d\^^cd iji bgd dhk`_dmjij _d kmjn`bpdm` g` jnn`mq\udjid+ Eg kmj]g`h\ _d _`o`mhdi\m` gôjm]do\ _`ggj nom\ij jb* b`ooj ^`g`no` ap mdnjgoj _\ pi bdjq\i` ` b`id\g` q`iodlp\oom`ii` o`_`n^j) lp`g Fjc\ii G\mg Bmd`_md^c C\pnn ^c` n\m`]]` kjd _dq`* ipoj dhj _`d kdá bm\i_d h\o`h\od^d _d opood d o`hkd+ Opgg\ ]\n` _`gg` np` km`_dudjid) dg 4 _d^`h]m` _`ggj no`nnj \iij) dg ]\mji` Bm\iu T\q`m qji V\^c mdpn^Å \ mdomjq\m` dg kd\i`odij \ kj^cd kmdhd _ô\m^j _\gg\ kjndudji` km`qdno\+ Ld\uud \q`q\ n^jk`moj pi ipjqj kd\i`o\) _d kd^^jg` _dh`indjid ` kjnoj np pi jm]do\ dio`m* h`_d\ \ lp`gg\ _d I\mo` ` Cdjq`+ = lp`noj kmdhj kd\i`odij) \ ^pd ap _\oj dg ijh` _d ?`m`m`) n`bpdmjij km`noj hjgod \gomd7 i`g .5-/) pi h`_d^j _d >m`h\) Kg]`mn) n^jkmÅ L\gg\_`8 i`g .5-1 D\m_dib n^jkmd Cdpiji`) i`g .5-4) _d ipjqj Kg]`mn) n^jkmÅ R`no\+ H\ ajmopdo\ _`gg\ n^jk`mo\ kjom`]]` di_pmm` \ njoojq\gpo\mg\ ` id`io` kjom`]]` `nn`m` kdá `mm\oj+ Ann\) dia\ood) kdá ^c` \gg\ ajm* opi\) ap _jqpo\ \g o`i\^` h`oj_j n`bpdoj _\ Ld\uud+ O` `bgd iji \q`nn` \qpoj gô\]dop_di` _d md_pmm` g` np` jnn`mq\udjid dhh`_d\o\* h`io` _jkj \q`mg` a\oo`) iji nd n\m`]]` \^^jmoj _`ggôdhkjmo\iu\ _d lp`gg\ no`ggdi\ ` iji n\m`]]` kdá no\oj di bm\_j _d mdomjq\mg\) mdo\m_\i_j ^jnÅ g\ n^jk`mo\ _`g kmdhj \no`mjd_` _d ^cdnn{ lp\iod \iid+ L`m ^jiqdi^`mn`i`) ]\nod k`in\m` ^c`) _d^d\nn`oo` \iid kmdh\

@BN L>II> IB:SSB :LMKHGHFH =>EE> =N> L B< BE B>

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_`gg\ n^jk`mo\ _d D`mn^c`g) dg ^`g`]m` \nomjijhj H`hjiid`m \q`q\ jnn`mq\oj Qm\ij k`m ]`i jooj qjgo` n`iu\ h\d \^^jmb`mnd _`gg\ np\ i\opm\ _d kd\i`o\ H\ n^jk`mo\ a`^` kdjq`m` np Ld\uud jijmd dink`m\od `) om\ g` \gom` ^jn`) bgd ap jaa`mo\ pi\ ^\oo`_m\ _d \nomjijhd\ km`nnj gôQid* q`mndo{ _d >jgjbi\+ ?\md^\ ^c` Ld\uud mdadpoÖ bdpnodad^\i_jnd ^ji gô\hd^j Kmd\id ^ji g` n`bp`iod k\mjg`7 ì Mp`no\ nk`^jg\ ~ jk`m\ hd\+++ n` dj g ô\]]\i_jij opooj ~ k`m_poj) ` ajmn` k`m_po\ k`m n`hkm` %iji \q`i_j `nn\ b`oo\oj lpd kmjaji_` m\_d^d& g ô\nomjij* hd\ di Od^dgd\+ L`m \gom\ k\mo` dg N` hd c\ n`hkm` jijm\oj) _d* nodioj) ]`i`ad^\oj+ U` i` _dmÖ pi njgj om\ooj ^c` h\d nd ^\i^`g* g`m{ _\ggô\idhj hdj+ =ggjm^c} \ggôdhk`in\o\ q`ii` lpd _\ J\kjgd) lp\iod `m\ij di k\g\uuj nd a`^`mj ngjbbd\m`) ` gj no`nnj qd^`m}+ Ej njgj ^jin`mq\d g` hd` no\iu`) k`m `nkm`nnj jm_di` npj di dn^mdooj+ O\m`]]` `bgd lpdi_d gj_`qjg` ^c` n\bmdad^\nnd opood lp`nod mdag`nnd \d hd`d kmdq\od ^jhj_d ` nj__dna\udjidjgjbi\+ Ld\uud) jmh\d no\i^j ` h\g\oj) lp\nd ^d`^j ` njbb`ooj \ am`* lp`iod nq`idh`iod) _`_d^Ö bgd pgodhd \iid _`gg\ np\ qdo\ \g ^ji* njgd_\h`ioj _`gg\ np\ hjiph`io\g` jk`m\ \nomjijhd^\ `_ \gg\ m`\gduu\udji` _d pi \gomj bm\i_` kmjb`ooj _`g m` B`m_di\i_j) g\ ^jnompudji` _`ggôKnn`mq\ojmdj _d J\kjgd) npgg\ ^jggdi\ _d ?\kj_d* hjio`+ E g\qjmd _d lp`no\ nk`^jg\ `m\ij ^jhdi^d\od i`g .5./ njooj g\ _dm`udji` _d B`_`md^j Vp^^\md) pi ]m\qôpjhj) h\ kmdqj _`g i`mqj i`^`nn\mdj \ kjmo\m` \ ]pji adi` piôjk`m\ ^c`) k`m d h`uud _`ggô`kj^\) `m\ _\ mdo`i`mnd ^jgjnn\g`+ J`g .5.4) d g\qjmd kmj^`* _`q\ij \ mdg`ioj ` nd no\q\ mdq`g\i_j hjgoj kdá ^jnojn\ _`g km`* qdnoj+ L`m a\m ^cd\m`uu\ ` k`m \^^`g`m\m` d g\qjmd m` B`m_di\i_j ^cd\hÖ Ld\uud \ J\kjgd ` bgd \aad_Ö gôdi^\md^j _d _dm`oojm` b`i`* m\g` _`bgd Knn`mq\ojmd _`g N`bij+ Jjijno\io` lp\g^c` ^jiagdooj ^ji gj Vp^^\md ` ^ji g` h\ijq\g\iu`+ Ld\uud mdpn^Å \ a\m` di\pbp* m\m` g ôKnn`mq\ojmdj i`g .5.6 `) _jkj \q`m` ijhdi\oj _dm`oojm`

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@BN L>II> > MBSB:G: EHG@H

g ôdib`bi`m` hdg\i`n` ?\mgj >mdjn^cd) `]]` g\ nj__dna\udji` _d q`* _`m` kp]]gd^\oj i`g .5/3 dg kmdhj qjgph` _d 9_]]U^dQbe) ^ji* o`i`io` g` jnn`mq\udjid `aa`oop\o` i`d kmdhd n`d \iid _d \oodqdo{ _`g ipjqj Knn`mq\ojmdj+ L\_m` Ld\uud hjmÅ \ J\kjgd dg /3 gpbgdj _`g .5/3+