Semester 2 Edu.10 Techno Pedagogy Content Knowledge Analysis RESOURCE WEALTH OF INDIA DEVIKA S Reg. NO: 16921972002 SOCIAL SCIENCE KUCTE , KARYAVATTOM

TRANSPORTATION

The movement of goods and persons from place to place and the various means by which such movement is accomplished. The growth of the ability—and the need—to transport large quantities of goods or numbers of people over long distances at high speeds in comfort and safety has been an index of civilization and in particular of technological progress.

ROAD TRANSPORT Road transport Road transport is the most important means to link the rural and urban centres scattered throughout the country 

The six- lane super highways connecting the metropolitan cities in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata are together named as ‘the Golden Quadrangle Super Highway’.

 The National Highway authority of India is responsible for such roads.  The density of roads is not uniform everywhere in India.  The development of road network is mainly determined by the physiography and level of economic development of the region.

R ROADS

NATIONAL HIGHWAY

National Highways are the major roads in the country linking the state capitals, major cities, ports etc. The union ministry is responsible for the construction and management of such roads.

STATE HIGHWAY

State Highways are the major roads connecting the state capitals with the district head quarters. State governments are responsible for the construction and maintenance of such roads

VILLAGE ROADS

DISTRICT HIGHWAY

District roads are those

linking

the

district

headquarters with the important places within the

district.

These

roads are built and

maintained

by

district panchayats

the

Village roads are those ensuring the domestic movement within the villages. More than 80% of the roads in India are village roads. The construction and maintenance of such roads are done by the Local self governments.

RAILWAYS The largest railway network of Asia is in India. The Indian Railways is also the largest public sector undertaking in India.

 Rail transport is equally important for cargo as well as passenger transport.  Railway plays a decisive role in the industrial development of India.  The rail transport in India was started in 1853.

 The first train ran along the 34 km-long rail between Mumbai and Thane.  For administrative convenience, the Indian railway is divided in to 16 zones.  The projects to replace metre guage and narrow guage tracks to broad guage are on at an accelerated pace.  The steam engines have given way to diesel and electric locomotives. Metro rail projects are being established in major cities.

The Indian Railways is classified based on the gauge width of rails. RAIL GAUGE

WIDTH BETWEEN THE RAILS

PROPORTIONATE RAIL LENGTH IN INDIAN

BROAD GUAGE

1.676 metres

74 %

METRE GUAGE

1 metre

21 %

NARROW GUAGE

0.762 metre / 0.610 metre

5%

KONKAN RAILWAY Konkan Railway The completion of the Konkan railway in 1998 is the most notable achievement of the Indian Railway.  The total length is 760 Km between Roha in Maharashtra and Mangalore in Karnataka.  This track constructed across 146 rivers has about 2000 bridges and 91 tunnels.

 The longest railway tunnel in Asia (6.5 Km) is on this track.  Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka are the partners in this venture

WATER TRANSPORT Water transport is the most convenient means to transport cargo on a large scale. Look at the common advantages of water transport.  The cheapest means of transport.

 Suitable for large scale cargo transport.  Does not cause environmental pollution.  Most suited for international trade. Water transport can generally be classified in to two:

1. Inland water transport

2. Marine transport

Water bodies like rivers, lakes and canals are used for inland water transport.

The water bodies largely used for inland water transport in India are, .  Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries  Godavari-Krishna rivers and their tributaries  Buckingham canal of Andhra -Tamil Nadu region

 Mandovi and Zuvari rivers of Goa

Back waters of Kerala Five of the inland waterways in India were declared as national waterways after the formation of the Inland Water Transport Authority in 1986. National Waterway 1 (NW 1)

Allahabad to Haldia in the river Ganga (1620 Km)

National Waterway 1 (NW 2)

Sadia to Dubri in the river Brahmaputhra (891 Km)

National Waterway 1 (NW 3)

The west coastal canal in Kerala from Kollam to Kottappuram (205 Km)

National Waterway 1 (NW 4)

Canal from Kakinada to Puducherry linking Godavari and Krishna (1095 Km)

National Waterway 1 (NW5 )

Brahmani - Mahanadi delta river system linked to east cost canal (623 Km)

Following are the major ports in India. • Kandla • Tuticorin

• Mumbai • Chennai • Nheva sheva • Visakhapatanam

• Marmagao • Paradip • Mangalore

• Haldia • Kochi • Kolkata

There are about 12 major and 185 minor ports situated in the west and east coasts of India. The ports in India have great significance in International trade.

AIR TRANSPORT The air traffic in India is under the control of Airport Authority of India.  There are 126 airports including 11 international airports under this establishment.

 The international and domestic flight services are respectively handled by the corporations Air India and Indian Airlines.  A number of private companies also operate flight services in India

Following are the major Air ports in India,

NAME

PLACE

Indira Gandhi International Airport

New Delhi

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport

Mumbai

Chennai International Airport

Chennai

Kempegowda International Airport

Bangalore