Prelude GOVERNMENT OF INDIA “With this special edition, we would like to acknowledge those Swachhagrahis (Cleanliness Volunteers), who have collectively approached the mission to cleanliness shown by Bapu and continue to follow in his footsteps today. We welcome the millions who dedicated themselves to construct toilets, which is helping India become free from open defecation. This was the rst step to set the perspective of Swachhagraha (drive for cleanliness) through which the path towards enlightened change could be realized by every village and district. We salute the conscience and devotion of these Swachhagrahis, and the strength with which they took up the task of making even the areas that are hardest to access, open defecation free. Thanks to their efforts, the percentage of sanitation coverage in rural India went from 38.70 per cent in October 2014 to 81.10 per cent by April 2018. At the call of the Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, for S w a c h h a g r a h a , t h o u s a n d s o f Swachhagrahis came together to give rise to a mass movement, or Jan Andolan, to change the face of India. This publication welcomes the readers to join hands with the Swachhagrahis and millions of others to embrace the dream of cleanliness and help make Satyagraha to Swachhagraha October 2019.” the nation open defecation free by









“ Champaran Satyagraha was the rst step that empowered the independence movement. Today, when we are commemorating its centenary celebrations; our resolution of Swachhagraha resonates with our journey from Satyagraha to Swachhagraha. At that time, Satyagraha was important to obtain freedom; today, Swachhagraha is important to make the nation free from lth. “ Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi 10 April, 2017 at Champaran Satyagraha's Centenary Celebrations, NAI, New Delhi

“ Champaran Satyagraha was the rst step that empowered the independence movement. Today, when we are commemorating its centenary celebrations; our resolution of Swachhagraha resonates with our journey from Satyagraha to Swachhagraha. At that time, Satyagraha was important to obtain freedom; today, Swachhagraha is important to make the nation free from lth. “ Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi 10 April, 2017 at Champaran Satyagraha's Centenary Celebrations, NAI, New Delhi

Way Forward... 09 15 21 31 43 53 61 71 87 95 Satyagraha To Bapu Within Me, Swachhagrahi: Behavior Toilet Means And Collective Swachh Swachhagrahi: Champaran Swachhagraha As Well An Introduction Change Construction Resources Consciousness Bharat Mission: Today's Satyagraha A New Hope Satyagrahi Convention

Way Forward... 09 15 21 31 43 53 61 71 87 95 Satyagraha To Bapu Within Me, Swachhagrahi: Behavior Toilet Means And Collective Swachh Swachhagrahi: Champaran Swachhagraha As Well An Introduction Change Construction Resources Consciousness Bharat Mission: Today's Satyagraha A New Hope Satyagrahi Convention

“ Be the change Satyagraha To you wish to see in the world “ Swachhagraha History has many times borne witness to leadership that elevated the call for change and inspired mass sentiment. One of those times was in 1917, in the small but symbolic town of Champaran, Bihar, when Bapu raised his voice against forced indigo farming, and inspired the population to protest for its freedom. Bapu's Satyagraha became a mass movement, one that taught 'where there is a will, there is a way' and that even a single person is enough to bring about a change for everyone. Satyagraha became a mass movement and the country attained freedom, but Bapu, who valued cleanliness almost as much as he valued the nation's freedom, had a concurrent dream of a Clean India. But it remained unlled. Gandhiji addressing the gathering. (Image Source - 09 Above Quote Source - https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/24499 National Gandhi Museum) 10

“ Be the change Satyagraha To you wish to see in the world “ Swachhagraha History has many times borne witness to leadership that elevated the call for change and inspired mass sentiment. One of those times was in 1917, in the small but symbolic town of Champaran, Bihar, when Bapu raised his voice against forced indigo farming, and inspired the population to protest for its freedom. Bapu's Satyagraha became a mass movement, one that taught 'where there is a will, there is a way' and that even a single person is enough to bring about a change for everyone. Satyagraha became a mass movement and the country attained freedom, but Bapu, who valued cleanliness almost as much as he valued the nation's freedom, had a concurrent dream of a Clean India. But it remained unlled. Gandhiji addressing the gathering. (Image Source - 09 Above Quote Source - https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/24499 National Gandhi Museum) 10

To fulll the unfullled dream of Bapu, The call of the Honourable Prime Minister left a Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on mark on every citizen's consciousness as it inspired 2 October, 2014, vowed to make every section and every party, each subsequently nd the nation clean by more diligent, for a new mass movement for change. making it open defecation free Hence began the noble work of spreading information, teachings and communication about That, according to him, would be the truest cleanliness at every level, through all art forms and th homage to Gandhiji on the 150 anniversary every mode. of his birth. Prime Minister Narendra Modi paying tribute to Gandhiji's idol at Sabarmati Ashram. PM Narendra Modi contributing like a 11 (Image Source - http://pib.nic.in) cleanliness volunteer towards construction of toilets. 12

To fulll the unfullled dream of Bapu, The call of the Honourable Prime Minister left a Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on mark on every citizen's consciousness as it inspired 2 October, 2014, vowed to make every section and every party, each subsequently nd the nation clean by more diligent, for a new mass movement for change. making it open defecation free Hence began the noble work of spreading information, teachings and communication about That, according to him, would be the truest cleanliness at every level, through all art forms and th homage to Gandhiji on the 150 anniversary every mode. of his birth. Prime Minister Narendra Modi paying tribute to Gandhiji's idol at Sabarmati Ashram. PM Narendra Modi contributing like a 11 (Image Source - http://pib.nic.in) cleanliness volunteer towards construction of toilets. 12

As the Satyagrahis freed the nation from slavery, likewise the Swachhagrahis joined hands to liberate the nation from squalor and illness. The basic goal of Swachhagraha is to recognize people as Swachhagrahis, so that these Swachhagrahis encourage the society, make them aware of the ill-effects of open defecation and ignite their minds with the voluntary urge for cleanliness. Swachhagrahis progressing towards cleanliness by conducting a sanitation rally. 13 14

As the Satyagrahis freed the nation from slavery, likewise the Swachhagrahis joined hands to liberate the nation from squalor and illness. The basic goal of Swachhagraha is to recognize people as Swachhagrahis, so that these Swachhagrahis encourage the society, make them aware of the ill-effects of open defecation and ignite their minds with the voluntary urge for cleanliness. Swachhagrahis progressing towards cleanliness by conducting a sanitation rally. 13 14

Bapu Within Me, As Well Dedicated Swachhagrahis uniting for a sanitation drive.

Bapu Within Me, As Well Dedicated Swachhagrahis uniting for a sanitation drive.

Bapu, a name that showed the path of “ Everyone must be freedom to the nation, that cast a spell of self- his own scavenger. If you become your sufciency in the minds of the people and own sweeper, not hearkens to memories only will you ensure of exemplary deeds, perfect sanitation inspired millions of people to stay clean and for yourself, but you maintain the spirit will make your of cleanliness. surroundings clean “ My conscience, too, pushes me to make my -Mahatma Gandhi (Bapu) contribution towards fullling Bapu's dream of Clean India, the dream for Bapu that has become the dream for us all today. Above quote source - https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/gandhian-thoughts-about-cleanliness.html Gandhiji instructing the village cleaning squad. 17 (Image Source - National Gandhi Museum) 18

Bapu, a name that showed the path of “ Everyone must be freedom to the nation, that cast a spell of self- his own scavenger. If you become your sufciency in the minds of the people and own sweeper, not hearkens to memories only will you ensure of exemplary deeds, perfect sanitation inspired millions of people to stay clean and for yourself, but you maintain the spirit will make your of cleanliness. surroundings clean “ My conscience, too, pushes me to make my -Mahatma Gandhi (Bapu) contribution towards fullling Bapu's dream of Clean India, the dream for Bapu that has become the dream for us all today. Above quote source - https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/gandhian-thoughts-about-cleanliness.html Gandhiji instructing the village cleaning squad. 17 (Image Source - National Gandhi Museum) 18

A strong passion drives me to encourage the people to construct and use a toilet of their own. I wish I could free the women folk of every village from traversing in the wee hours towards desolate places with water pots in their hands. I aspire for a better life for my people, and so I have the urge to wipe out open defecation from this country. My liberation is derived from being part of the team that brings a change in the behavior of my people and motivates them to use toilets. Swachhagrahis unite by taking a pledge to support the Swachh Bharat Mission. Under the leadership of Prime Minister I am a conscience-driven Swachhagrahi. Narendra Modi, I pledge to pay my tributes I am the spontaneous inspiration to every person. I am their vow which encases the dream of Clean India. to Bapu on his 150 birth anniversary, My awakened mind evokes me, and says, th making each and every village of India, There lives Bapu open defecation free. ‘ ‘ Gandhiji getting ready within me, as well. for a cleanliness drive. (Image Source - National Gandhi Museum) 19 20

A strong passion drives me to encourage the people to construct and use a toilet of their own. I wish I could free the women folk of every village from traversing in the wee hours towards desolate places with water pots in their hands. I aspire for a better life for my people, and so I have the urge to wipe out open defecation from this country. My liberation is derived from being part of the team that brings a change in the behavior of my people and motivates them to use toilets. Swachhagrahis unite by taking a pledge to support the Swachh Bharat Mission. Under the leadership of Prime Minister I am a conscience-driven Swachhagrahi. Narendra Modi, I pledge to pay my tributes I am the spontaneous inspiration to every person. I am their vow which encases the dream of Clean India. to Bapu on his 150 birth anniversary, My awakened mind evokes me, and says, th making each and every village of India, There lives Bapu open defecation free. ‘ ‘ Gandhiji getting ready within me, as well. for a cleanliness drive. (Image Source - National Gandhi Museum) 19 20

Swachhagrahi: An Introduction A member of the Green Army starts his day by constructing toilets in his village.

Swachhagrahi: An Introduction A member of the Green Army starts his day by constructing toilets in his village.

Swachhagrahi: An Introduction I am the light of consciousness A mirror to cleanliness I am conscious of the truth of both Cleanliness, that is the truth I envisage an open defecation free India and wish to reshape the outlook, the morale and the attitude of people towards it. I speak their language, am a part of their village, and I motivate them Swachhagrahis visiting door-to-door to engage and inspire their community members. 23 24

Swachhagrahi: An Introduction I am the light of consciousness A mirror to cleanliness I am conscious of the truth of both Cleanliness, that is the truth I envisage an open defecation free India and wish to reshape the outlook, the morale and the attitude of people towards it. I speak their language, am a part of their village, and I motivate them Swachhagrahis visiting door-to-door to engage and inspire their community members. 23 24

I use a toilet and advice those around me not to defecate in the open, to respect their own dignity, health and family. Though present in various forms in different states, we have the same goal. I provide convenience to my community by engaging and convincing them. I am a foot soldier of cleanliness and there are Swachhagrahi inspiring 23 the whole community to build toilets. millions like me who yearn to change behavior for the better through vigilance in the wee hours and persistent discourse. I am a Satyagrahi of the present times born out of Bapu's volition, ability to galvanize the masses, and the pursuit of cleanliness. I am a Swachhagrahi of the Swachh Bharat Mission. Swachhagrahis visiting households as teams to discuss the importance of toilets. Swachhagrahis doing early morning rounds to oust open defecation practices. 25 26

I use a toilet and advice those around me not to defecate in the open, to respect their own dignity, health and family. Though present in various forms in different states, we have the same goal. I provide convenience to my community by engaging and convincing them. I am a foot soldier of cleanliness and there are Swachhagrahi inspiring 23 the whole community to build toilets. millions like me who yearn to change behavior for the better through vigilance in the wee hours and persistent discourse. I am a Satyagrahi of the present times born out of Bapu's volition, ability to galvanize the masses, and the pursuit of cleanliness. I am a Swachhagrahi of the Swachh Bharat Mission. Swachhagrahis visiting households as teams to discuss the importance of toilets. Swachhagrahis doing early morning rounds to oust open defecation practices. 25 26

Swachhagrahis explaining the benets of using a toilet to a community member. 27 28

Swachhagrahis explaining the benets of using a toilet to a community member. 27 28

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Toilet The greatest contribution towards realizing the goals of Construction Swachh Bharat Mission has come from the Swachhagrahis, Means & Resources who selessly became the vanguards of not just the Behavior campaign, but for society as a whole. Awareness Training Change Mason They all work together, village by village, state by state, to Monitoring nourish the roots of the growing movement with knowledge, passion and a dedication to bettering their communities. From these roots grows a stronger, healthier India. Sensitization Mobilization Community Torchbearers of Swachh Bharat Mission The Swachhagrahis 29 30

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Toilet The greatest contribution towards realizing the goals of Construction Swachh Bharat Mission has come from the Swachhagrahis, Means & Resources who selessly became the vanguards of not just the Behavior campaign, but for society as a whole. Awareness Training Change Mason They all work together, village by village, state by state, to Monitoring nourish the roots of the growing movement with knowledge, passion and a dedication to bettering their communities. From these roots grows a stronger, healthier India. Sensitization Mobilization Community Torchbearers of Swachh Bharat Mission The Swachhagrahis 29 30

Behavior Change Community members learning about the importance of healthy practices from a Swachhagrahi.

Behavior Change Community members learning about the importance of healthy practices from a Swachhagrahi.

Behavior Change Because of the series of efforts across the country, enacted in unison with one mission and vision in mind, the people became sensitive to the message of cleanliness and they looked, listened and understood. Come out of the trap of open defecation, We said to them, and make use of your resources to give your family the toilet it deserves. Come together, advance your steps and convince each and every home, every mind that in staying clean lies the key to our well-being. There is a Swachhagrahi in each one of us who is capable of changing minds. 33 34 A committee led by a Swachhagrahi visits door-to-door to trigger people to construct toilets for their families. Swachhagrahi leading a sanitation rally with the support of youth.

Behavior Change Because of the series of efforts across the country, enacted in unison with one mission and vision in mind, the people became sensitive to the message of cleanliness and they looked, listened and understood. Come out of the trap of open defecation, We said to them, and make use of your resources to give your family the toilet it deserves. Come together, advance your steps and convince each and every home, every mind that in staying clean lies the key to our well-being. There is a Swachhagrahi in each one of us who is capable of changing minds. 33 34 A committee led by a Swachhagrahi visits door-to-door to trigger people to construct toilets for their families. Swachhagrahi leading a sanitation rally with the support of youth.

The Swachhagrahi, who leads the campaign of Durga Kishori in order to sensitize his elders on the benets of constructing a toilet. The Swachhagrahi, who sings melodic praises of the Swachh Bharat and moves from village to village to inform people on the value of becoming open defecation free. The Swachhagrahi, who becomes the persistent memory of a daughter who then writes to her parents asking why they do not have a toilet yet, when she is suffering without one. The Swachhagrahi, who motivates the daughters-in-law to bring life to their homes by constructing an Izzat Ghar (a place of dignity) for both women and men. The Swachhagrahi, who brands in the minds of villagers the ill effects of ies that carry lth from eld to food and food to body. A group of students blowing whistle and playing utensils in order to inform people about avoiding open defecation. 35 36

The Swachhagrahi, who leads the campaign of Durga Kishori in order to sensitize his elders on the benets of constructing a toilet. The Swachhagrahi, who sings melodic praises of the Swachh Bharat and moves from village to village to inform people on the value of becoming open defecation free. The Swachhagrahi, who becomes the persistent memory of a daughter who then writes to her parents asking why they do not have a toilet yet, when she is suffering without one. The Swachhagrahi, who motivates the daughters-in-law to bring life to their homes by constructing an Izzat Ghar (a place of dignity) for both women and men. The Swachhagrahi, who brands in the minds of villagers the ill effects of ies that carry lth from eld to food and food to body. A group of students blowing whistle and playing utensils in order to inform people about avoiding open defecation. 35 36

Swachhagrahi in the process of inspiring A Bhajan Mandali of Swachhagrahis inspiring people Swachhagrahi leading an educational session using Swachh Bharat Mission and raising people's awareness. to practice safe sanitation through song. informational materials on cleanliness and how to practice it. 37 38

Swachhagrahi in the process of inspiring A Bhajan Mandali of Swachhagrahis inspiring people Swachhagrahi leading an educational session using Swachh Bharat Mission and raising people's awareness. to practice safe sanitation through song. informational materials on cleanliness and how to practice it. 37 38

Swachhagrahi trained on how to talk about the informational material disseminating relevant messages to the community. Swachhagrahis showing villagers through a mapping session how to remain vigilant about poor defecation practices in their community. 39 40

Swachhagrahi trained on how to talk about the informational material disseminating relevant messages to the community. Swachhagrahis showing villagers through a mapping session how to remain vigilant about poor defecation practices in their community. 39 40

Billboards and wall paintings used to communicate the message of constructing toilets in homes, necessary for maintaining women's dignity. Women persisted on building toilets at their in-laws place and addressed them as 'Izzat Ghar'. 41 42

Billboards and wall paintings used to communicate the message of constructing toilets in homes, necessary for maintaining women's dignity. Women persisted on building toilets at their in-laws place and addressed them as 'Izzat Ghar'. 41 42

Toilet Construction Dedicated Swachhagrahis on their way to speak to their communities about toilet construction.

Toilet Construction Dedicated Swachhagrahis on their way to speak to their communities about toilet construction.

Toilet Construction A transformation is rst required, one that matures dreams into realities and for such a journey, there must be example through leadership. The Swachh Bharat Mission encourages communities to adopt the twin-pit model, and Swachhagrahis lead its implementation, from beginning to end, from communication to construction. A Swachhagrahi visits a toilet construction site to support the process and ensure that it is being built correctly. 45 46

Toilet Construction A transformation is rst required, one that matures dreams into realities and for such a journey, there must be example through leadership. The Swachh Bharat Mission encourages communities to adopt the twin-pit model, and Swachhagrahis lead its implementation, from beginning to end, from communication to construction. A Swachhagrahi visits a toilet construction site to support the process and ensure that it is being built correctly. 45 46

In others, by competing In other places, where twin-pit When the people put action to the against a deadline of 90 days, toilets made a more economic new consciousness awakened in the pace of toilet construction and sustainable choice, people them, there emerged millions of was accelerated, taken to a were encouraged to choose them toilets in villages, districts and new level. over costly and unmanageable states across the nation. septic tanks. Swachhagrahi explaining the correct technique of building twin-pit toilets to women in her community. At the heart of some communities' efforts have been women Self-Help Groups which put concerted labour towards empowering their fellow women through access to using toilets at home. At others, by developing a sanitation park, the idea of maintaining cleanliness was assimilated. Woman Swachhagrahi facilitating a lesson on sanitation with a Self-Help Group. Swachhagrahi oversees the toilet construction to ensure that it is being done well. 47 48

In others, by competing In other places, where twin-pit When the people put action to the against a deadline of 90 days, toilets made a more economic new consciousness awakened in the pace of toilet construction and sustainable choice, people them, there emerged millions of was accelerated, taken to a were encouraged to choose them toilets in villages, districts and new level. over costly and unmanageable states across the nation. septic tanks. Swachhagrahi explaining the correct technique of building twin-pit toilets to women in her community. At the heart of some communities' efforts have been women Self-Help Groups which put concerted labour towards empowering their fellow women through access to using toilets at home. At others, by developing a sanitation park, the idea of maintaining cleanliness was assimilated. Woman Swachhagrahi facilitating a lesson on sanitation with a Self-Help Group. Swachhagrahi oversees the toilet construction to ensure that it is being done well. 47 48

Which includes a detailed layout of where the latrine itself goes Using the blueprint as a guide, trained masons start the process of construction. From beginning to end, twin-pits The process of constructing a twin-pit is are never built without the buy-in of explained starting with a drawing on the ground. the household and its understanding 49 of why toilets are important. 50