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ANIMAL WELLNESS AnimalWELLNESSFor a long, healthy life!OPTIMIZE SfoUrPsPkiLnEpMrobElNemTsS Non-toxic ways to ease the itchhis immune health! My car smellseFslosewnecres DOGGY!that calm ANXIETY Protect your vehicle’s interiorMmuesdhircoionmals from odors and stainsTop 3 healing powerhouses “Stuff onWHAT’S THE LATEST Scout’s Head”ON VACCINATION? This lovable pit bull has a unique talent that’s made him famous as an ambassadorKnow which ones she really needs for his breedSummer feline WELLNESSHip, cool and healthy!BOAT SAFETY FOCUS on FIVHow to keep your canineco-captain shipshape How alternative therapies can help her lead a normal life JUNE/JULY 2014 Display until July 14, 2014 Does he hate being $6.95 USA/Canada GROOMED? Maybe acupressure can help CChaatt – from Lil BUB to cat cafés Saying goodbye AnimalWellnessMagazine.com BONUS INSIDE!TO A SPECIAL FRIENDVOLUME 16 ISSUE 3 feline wellness 57


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Contents June/July 2014 18FEATURES18 KEEP HIS IMMUNE 38 FLOWER ESSENCES 62 ACUPRESSURE CANSYSTEM HEALTHY! FOR ANXIOUS DOGS HELP HER ACCEPT GROOMINGMany illnesses could be avoided or alleviated It can be a noisy, scary world sometimes, butby balancing your dog or cat’s immune these gentle and effective remedies can soothe Older or long-haired cats need help with theirsystem. Nutrition plays a big part in boosting your canine’s fears. cleaning regime, but may dislike being brushed. Thishis defenses against disease. simple session can help turn your kitty’s aversion to 44 THE LATEST ON enjoyment.2D2OBGOSAT SAFETY FOR VACCINATION 64 KALAYA’S LASTVISITHeading out on the water with your canine co- We know about the risks of over-vaccination,captain this summer? Here are four important but many vets, trainers, kennel operators and Growing up and moving away didn’t diminish my loveways to keep him safe and shipshape. others still promote yearly boosters. Know for this special cat, especially on the night she passed. which vaccines are really necessary.25 TALENT FOR 68 ISYOUR CAR “DOGGY”?INNOVATION 47 RABIES CHALLENGE FUND Most canines love car rides, but accidents and messes areA passion for animals and their quality of life is the sometimes inevitable, and getting rid of odors, stains anddriving force behind this company and its products, It’s five years in, and the first results are in. hair can be challenging. Check out these solutions.including a massage therapy coat for dogs. Find out what they’re telling us about rabies vaccines and their duration of immunity. 74 THE POWER OF26 LET’S LOOK AT MEDICINAL MUSHROOMSL-CARNITINE 50 “STUFF ON SCOUT’S HEAD” Consider the amazing healing properties of Reishi,Necessary for heart, brain and muscle function, Maitake, and Shiitake.this nutrient is naturally produced by the body. But His whimsical balancing act has made him a star –there are times when supplementation is needed. and an irresistible “spokesdog” for pit bulls. 82 ALL ABOUT HEARTWORM – PART 230 SUPPLEMENTS FOR 53 FILLINGTHE GAPSKIN PROBLEMS A close-up look at prevention and treatment, and An anesthesia-free pioneer adds a new why both conventional and alternative therapies playNutracueticals and good nutrition help ease dimension to dentistry for dogs and cats. important roles.the inflammation caused by dermatologicalconditions. 60 FOCUS ON FIV 89 GUARD AGAINST GIARDIA34 GIVINGYOUR DOG It’s a serious disease with no cure, butAFFECTION –THE alternative therapies can boost immunity and Lakes, streams and ponds can host this troublesomeRIGHTWAY help infected cats lead a normal life. parasite. If you’re taking your dog near water this summer, help protect him by keeping his GI system healthy.It seems natural to hug and kiss him, but itmay feel threatening to some canines. Learnto read his response to your adoration, andshow your love in a way he understands. 304 animal wellness


22SOCIAL MEDIA 50 Tips, contests and more! 74 Like us /AnimalWellnessMagazine Updates, news, events! DEPARTMENTS @ AnimalWellnessMagazine Product reviews and tutorials! 8 Editorial AnimalWellnessTV 42 Product picks 54 Animal WellnessCOLUMNS resource guide12 Yakkity yak41 Beyond the label 66 The scoop58 Cat chat 80 Social media72 To the rescue 81 MUTTS comic strip78 Passages86 Case study shelter winner92 Book reviews98 Tail end 94 Marketplace 96 Events calendar62 97 Classifieds animal wellness 5


VOLUME 16 ISSUE 3 ON THE COVER EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT ADVERTISING SALES Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox National Sales Manager: PHOTOGRAPH Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Ann Beacom, (866) 764-1212 ext. 222 COURTESY OF: Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin [email protected] Madi Chambers Senior Graphic Designer: Kathleen Atkinson Know many dogs who could Social Media Manager: Natasha Roulston Western Regional Manager: patiently balance food on Social Media Editor: Jasmine Cabanaw Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 their heads without shaking Webmaster: Brad Vader [email protected] it off and gobbling it up? Tail End Illustration: Melissa Wilson Probably not! But Scout is Cover Image Courtesy of: Madi Chambers Marketing and Sales Assistant: different. Shortly after he was Melissa Wilson, (866) 764-1212 ext. 115 rescued and rehabilitated by COLUMNISTS & [email protected] his guardian, Jen Gillen, this CONTRIBUTING WRITERS sweet pit bull revealed an Kathleen Aspenns CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING: Sherri Soucie unusual talent that has made Ihor Basko, DVM, CVA classifi[email protected] him famous – he can balance Carmen Colitz, PhD, DVM, DACVO just about anything on his Kris L. Christine TO SUBSCRIBE: big, broad head, and not just Michele Dixon Subscription price at time of this issue is food, either! Read his full W. Jean Dodds, DVM $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, story on page 50. Audi Donamor including taxes for six issues shipped via Daniel Estep, PhD, CAAB surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed Madi Chambers is an emerging photographer and graduate of Lisa Evans by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com OCAD University. She focuses on photographing rescue dogs. Suzanne Hetts, PhD, CAAB, CVJ Phone: 1-866-764-1212 ext 405 You can see more of her work at eastlakephoto.ca. Carol A. Hulse Janice Huntingford, DVM US MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine,6 animal wellness Scot Macdonald 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Erin Mayo, DVM Centennial, CO 80122 Shawn Messonnier, DVM Nancy Scanlan, DVM, CVA CDN MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, Amberly Scott Hindler 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Karen Shaw Becker, DVM Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Amy Snow Sharon Therien Subscriptions are payable by VISA, Charlotte Walker MasterCard, American Express, check or Diane Weinmann money order. The material in this magazine Nancy Zidonis is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions ADMINISTRATION & SALES expressed are not necessarily those of the President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley editor, and different views may appear in Accounting: Sherri Soucie other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices SUBMISSIONS: advertised by a third party advertiser in Please send all editorial material, advertising this publication, nor does Redstone Media material, photos and correspondence to: Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., made in connection with such advertisers. Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada Refund policy: call or write our customer K9J 2T8. We welcome previously service department and we will refund unpublished articles and color pictures unmailed issues. either in transparency or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME: or pictures will be used or that they will be Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a returned. We reserve the right to publish all discount for resale in retail shops and through letters received. Email your articles to: various organizations. Call Libby at [email protected] 1-866-764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at 705-742-4596 or e-mail at [email protected] AnimalWellnessMagazine.com Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published six times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2014. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: May 2014. IMPROVING THE LIVES OAFTAIMNEIM. ALS... ONE READER AT


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EDITORIALWA L K I N G the walk We have a very busy house. In addition to a teenager and an Now that summer’s here, you may be planning a vacation with almost nine-year-old, our other “kids” include two dogs, a cat your dog. If you’re going to be near water, read our tips on and two rats. From a health perspective, everyone gets treated boat safety, and how to take steps to guard your pooch against pretty much the same. We try to make sure all members of giardia. And nd out how to protect your car’s interior from the family eat wholesome fresh foods, get enough exercise the stains and odors caused by accidents, muddy paws and and mental stimulation, and use organic and natural products other doggy messes. as much as possible. Many of you can probably relate to the fact that it’s much easier to get the four-legged kids in line In our bonus Feline Wellness section, Dr. Janice Huntingford than the two-legged versions. I rarely have to nag the dogs to looks at FIV and why it doesn’t have to mean a death sentence. do anything! And if your older or arthritic cat needs grooming but draws the line at being brushed, learn to do a simple acupressure system Since we limit vaccines to the bare minimum (my kids are not that will encourage her to accept your assistance. vaccinated at all since I had vaccine reactions as a child), one of my focuses as a mom has always been to ensure everyone’s Our cover dog is a rescued pit bull named Scout, whose claim immune system is as strong as it can be. After all, a strong to fame is his whimsical ability to balance just about anything immune system helps the body resist disease, so it’s one of the on his head! He’s also a “spokesdog” for the much-maligned pit most important keys to optimal wellness. So far we’ve been bull breed – and few dogs are more perfectly suited for the role. lucky – the kids have had very few illnesses that have kept Who could resist that sweet, soulful face! them home for more than a day or two, and the animals? Well, they could teach a college course on healthy living. In case Dana Cox they don’t get around to that, though, this issue of AW shares Editor-in-Chief numerous ways to help keep your dog or cat’s immunity balanced and healthy. You might start by reading Dr. Karen Becker’s article on how to maintain a healthy balance between an underactive and overactive immune system. Dr. Jean Dodds revisits the issue of over-vaccination – a practice that wreaks havoc with the immune system – and what to do to ensure your companion gets only the vaccines he absolutely needs. Immune imbalances can also contribute to skin problems; Dr. Nancy Scanlan reviews some of the best supplements for soothing the itch and in ammation. And be sure to check out the immune- enhancing properties of medicinal mushrooms, courtesy of Dr. Ihor Basko.8 animal wellness


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CONTRIBUTORS 1 35 7 2 46 8 1. Veterinarian Dr. Karen Shaw Becker received Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics. for nearly 20 years. She is the founder of the her degree from the Iowa State College of His practice, Paws & Claws Animal Hospital University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Veterinary Medicine. She owns/operates Natural (petcarenaturally.com), is in Plano, Texas. See page Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Pet Animal Hospital, Feathers Bird Clinic, 82 for part two of his heartworm article. Research, and is the proud recipient of a variety of TheraPaw Rehabilitation and Pain Management awards, including a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Clinic and Covenant Wildlife Rehabilitation in 5. Nancy Zidonis and Amy Snow authored Acu- Jubilee Medal. Turn to page 89 for Audi’s article on Illinois. She co-authored Real Food for Healthy Cat: A Guide to Feline Acupressure and Acu-Dog: giardia in dogs. Pets and hosts a holistic animal wellness website A Guide to Canine Acupressure. They founded (mercolahealthypets.com). Turn to page 18 for Dr. Tallgrass, offering books, manuals, DVDs, apps 9. Dr. Suzanne Hetts, Ph.D., CAAB and her Becker’s article on immune health. and meridian charts, as well as training courses, husband Dr. Daniel Estep, Ph.D., CAAB are including a 300-hour Practitioner Certification award-winning speakers and authors, having 2. Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan is Executive Program. Tallgrass (animalacupressure.com) is an lectured on four continents to animal parents and Director for the AHVM Foundation. She has been approved school for the Dept. of Higher Education professionals. Their company, Animal Behavior using complementary therapies in her veterinary through the State of Colorado, an approved Associates, Inc., provides behavior education to practice since 1969 -- nutraceuticals, acupuncture, provider of NCBTMB Continuing Education credits, animal parents at SensibleDogTraining.com and non-classical homeopathy, Chinese and Western and accepted by NCCAOM. On page 62, learn to CatBehaviorHelp.com. See page 34 for their article herbs, and homotoxicology. Dr. Scanlan recently use acupressure to prepare your cat for grooming. on how dogs interpret affection. resigned from three years as Executive Director of the AHVMA to work fulltime for the AHVM 6. Veterinarian Dr. Janice Huntingford practices 10. Veterinarian Dr. Ihor Basko graduated Foundation. In this issue (page 30), Dr. Scanlan integrative medicine in Essex, Ontario. She is from Michigan State University in 1971, and discusses supplements for skin health. certified in animal chiropractic, acupuncture and began studying Chinese medicine, acupuncture, rehabilitation therapy. Her clinic features a state herbology and homeopathy. He joined the IVAS in 3. Veterinarian Dr. Jean Dodds received her of the art underwater treadmill and fitness pool 1977 and began teaching acupuncture, herbology, veterinary degree in 1964 from the Ontario for dogs. Dr. Huntingford is married and lives and nutrition. He is a member of AHVMA, AVMA, Veterinary College. In 1986, she established on a farm/winery complete with horses, cattle, VBMA, and is HVMA licensed in California and Hemopet, the first non-profit national blood chickens, cats, dogs and three children. On page Hawaii. Dr. Basko practices TCM/Acupuncture and bank program for animals. Dr. Dodds has been 60, Dr. Huntingford focuses on FIV. Nutritional Therapy in Hawaii. For his advice on a member of many committees on hematology, medicinal mushrooms, turn to page 74. animal models of human disease and veterinary 7. Veterinarian Dr. Erin Mayo graduated from the medicine. She received the Holistic Veterinarian of North Carolina State University College of Veterinary 11. Kathleen Aspenns is an animal lover with an the Year Award from the AHVMA in 1994. On page Medicine in 2002. She received her veterinary interest in alternative healing and animal behavior. 44, Dr. Dodds presents the latest on vaccination. acupuncture and Chinese herbal certification from She has worked as a veterinary technician. In the International Veterinary Acupuncture Society, and 2008, she was certified as a flower essence 4. Veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier authored provide holistic and TCVM services for companion practitioner with the Alaskan Flower Essence the Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The animals in central New Jersey. Read Dr. Mayo’s Project. She works with people and animals all over Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating article on L-carnitine (page 26). the US. She is also researching and developing a Cancer in Dogs, and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. line of flower essences that includes many plants He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s 8. Audi Donamor has been successfully creating used in TCM. On page 38, Kathleen looks at flower “Dr. Shawn – The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite special needs diets for companion animals essences for canine anxiety.10 animal wellness


9 11 13 15 CONTRIBUTORS10 12 14 1612. Kris L. Christine is Founder and Co-Trustee of for many years after graduating from the University 15. Sharon Therien is a freelance writer whoThe Rabies Challenge Fund, and a leading advocate of Southern California. Amberly is the recipient of specializes in copywriting, health topics and writingfor pet vaccine disclosure. Her work led to the first pet a Gold Circle Award for Journalists from Columbia about life. She loves all animals and currently hasvaccine disclosure legislation being filed in the United University’s Scholastic Press Association. See page a tiger tabby named Isabella. Sharon shares herStates in 2005. She is engaged in national rabies 22 for her advice on canine boat safety. memories of a special feline friend on page 64.legislation to ensure all states recognize the three-year vaccine. Kris’s efforts have led to the passage 14. Carol Hulse is a freelance writer, web content 16. Lisa Evans is a freelance health, beauty,of medical exemption clauses into rabies laws/ and communications consultant, and animal Reiki fitness, lifestyle and travel writer. Her work hasregulations in six states. Kris co-writes about The practitioner. She lives with her dog Silver in the appeared in Alive, Canadian Living, The Globe andRabies Challenge Fund results to date, on page 47. wine country north of San Francisco. Carol loves Mail, The Toronto Star and others. For this issue to volunteer at BrightHaven, a holistic animal (page 68), Lisa looks at ways to remove doggy13. Amberly Scott Hindler owns and operates sanctuary, hospice and rescue organization for odors and stains from the car.Lux Dog Daycare, Inc. in West Los Angeles, senior and special-needs animals. On page 86,(luxdogdaycare.com). She worked in client services Carol looks at how warm water therapy helped oneat high-traffic veterinary hospitals in Los Angeles dog regain her mobility. animal wellness 11


YAKKITY YAKPhoto courtesy of Michael Rueter Photography WHO’S YOUR HERO? In the wake of 9/11, Roselle led her blind guardian to safety through the smoldering ruins of the World Trade Center. Gabe, meanwhile, is a military working dog who completed over 210 combat missions in Iraq, with 26 nds of explosives and weapons. These are just two of many remarkable canines celebrated each year, thanks to the American Humane Association Hero Dog Awards Contest. The 2014 contest is underway, and AHA invites you to visit herodogawards.org and vote for your favorite dog in each of eight categories: Law Enforcement Dogs, Military Dogs, Arson Dogs, Search and Rescue Dogs, Guide/Hearing Dogs, Service Dogs, Therapy Dogs, and Emerging Hero Dogs (for ordinary dogs who do extraordinary things). Last year’s top American Hero Dog was Elle, a therapy pit Though the rst round of voting wraps up on June 6, there will bull that teaches children about dog safety, reading, and be additional opportunities to vote during second and third overcoming prejudice. She’s shown here with her guardian, rounds before the nalists are chosen in September. Leah Brewer, along with awards host Joey Lawrence (far left) and AHA President Dr. Robin Ganzert (far right). TOP “HYPOALLERGENIC” DOGS MAKING SURE YOUR DOG Does Fido make you sneeze? The recently-released Allergen All-Star Pet Awards, compiled by a team of independent researchers and scientists with Environmental HAS 24/7 Health & Engineering (eheinc.com), highlights the top hypoallergenic breeds: ACCESS TO 1. Bedlington terrier – Known to be allergen-friendly because FRESH WATER they don’t shed. IS ESPECIALLY 2. Irish water spaniel – Coats produce less hair and dander. IMPORTANT 3. Italian greyhound – Thin coats makes them easier DURING HOT to keep clean with baths. 4. Labradoodle – In a 2012 study, homes with SUMMER Labradoodles had the lowest allergen levels in WEATHER. oor dust compared to homes with other dogs. 5. Labrador retriever – Studies have shown they have lower allergen levels than other breeds. 6. Maltese – Has no undercoat. Listed on the AKC’s list of breeds suggested for allergy sufferers. 7. Schnauzer –Touted by many as a good breed for people concerned about allergens. 8. Yorkshire terrier – Doesn’t shed much and is therefore less likely to produce large amounts of allergens.12 animal wellness


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ByHSeuaziltBhheyobelrirdeaacniydpttehrsee:apmtusbalaiisnnhedmrsneoaaftlAsu,nriasmplahel eWciaeallltlnhneestsiepMdsas!gdaziienets, AnimalWellnessMagazine.com/cookbook animal wellness 29


Spurpobpfollreesmmkisennts NUTRACUETICALS AND GOOD NUTRITIONBy Nancy Scanlan, DVM, CVA DCagtss HELP EASE THE INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. For a lot of dogs and cats, summer means an increase in skin problems and allergies. Others suffer from these issues all year round, thanks to flea dermatitis, food intolerances and other conditions. Whatever the cause of your companion’s skin problems, the itchiness and inflammation can make his life miserable. This article will concentrate on supplements that can help him feel better. Be sure to work with a holistic or integrative veterinarian for the correct dosages to meet your particular animal’s requirements. UNDERLYING PAIN CAN TRIGGER SKIN ISSUES You may not realize it, but skin conditions such as lick granulomas in dogs, and overgrooming with subsequent hair loss and miliary dermatitis in cats, are often a sign of chronic pain or discomfort in underlying tissues. If the skin condition is on a lower leg or lower part of the body, the underlying problem is often pain in the back or a joint in the upper part of the leg, or even on the opposite leg. Tail pain is usually manifested as overgrooming at the site itself. Nutritional supplements that decrease pain and/or inflammation are often helpful for these cases. • DLPA (dl-phenylalanine) is especially helpful for back and joint pain. • Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol). • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is also helpful. Because of the role vitamin C plays in regenerating vitamin E back to its antioxidant form, I recommend they always be used together. Vitamins E and C are also useful for pemphigus. • Curcumin phytosome – the phytosome form is absorbed 29 times better than the regular form, allowing pharmacologically active levels of curcumin in the body. FOOD ALLERGIES OR INTOLERANCE Improving nutrition in general will help most health problems. In the case of food allergies or intolerance, whenever a food causes an intestinal breach, larger molecules that would not normally enter the circulatory system are absorbed. If they can be pre-digested, however, the allergenic load is decreased. Both plant-based and animal-based (pancreatic) enzymes can be used. It’s best to begin with plant-based30 animal wellness


eynzymes; in a severely allergic animal, pancreatic enzymes arethe most likely to cause an allergic reaction, are more expensive,and are often not as well accepted.To decrease inflammation in an allergic animal, it may help tochange the meat source to pasture-finished. Grass-finished meathas higher levels of Omega-3 fatty acids, lower fat content, morebeta carotene, and less E. coli and salmonella than grain-finishedmeat. The fatty acid content and profile more closely match thatof wild game. Natural or organic meat is not necessarily grass-finished, and may still undergo a final feeding of grain for a monthor two. Venison that is commercially raised, using grain to finishthe carcass, also has a fatty acid profile that is closer to feedlot-fedbeef than to grass-fed beef or wild venison. PLANT STEROLS ARE IMMUNE-MODULATING CHEMICALS THAT DECREASE INFLAMMATION WHILE ENHANCING IMMUNITY.SOOTHING GENERAL INFLAMMATIONEssentially all dermatological problems, from flea allergies to foodintolerance, cause inflammation of the skin. Many supplementshelp directly with this inflammation.• Antioxidants decrease inflammation, so vitamins C and E can help. Reported results using vitamin E have been mixed, but this may be because it was not used with vitamin C. Without C to restore its action, the pro-oxidant form accumulates and gradually starts inducing more inflammation.• Vitamin A can be used topically for feline acne and acanthosis nigricans. Published reports of vitamin A toxicity involve large amounts consumed over a relatively short time (e.g., 100,000 IU per day for a cat for six months), and it takes years on an all-liver diet to see the effects. Long term ingestion of relatively lower doses can still be toxic, however. If an animal is already getting fish oil as a supplement, ask your vet to calculate the total amount of vitamin A ingested before increasing the dose. Note that we’re not talking about beta carotene. Some product labels list vitamin A, but underneath in small print they’ll say “in the form of beta carotene”. Beta carotene does not have the same effect that vitamin A does, and pure beta carotene as a supplement has been linked with an increased incidence of three types of lung cancer in humans.There are no reports of this for mixed carotenoids.• Z inc is also helpful for acanthosis nigricans; for any hyperkeratotic lesions, especially involving foot pads and nails; bacterial and yeast infections; and general dermatitis. Excess calcium and copper can interfere with zinc uptake.• F atty acids can be a two-edged sword. We used to see a good response to skin problems by using Omega-6 fatty acids, but animal wellness 31


TOXIN BUILDUP most pet food companies now include enough. Excess Omega-6s can increase inflammation, so supplements may compound the CAN WORSEN SKIN ISSUES problem. Omega-3 fatty acids are anti-inflammatory over a broad spectrum of tissues, so it is often preferable to use a supplement A dog or cat that has been given an excess of drugs (including that only includes Omega-3s. Flax oil (one source of Omega-3s) antihistamines, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and other cannot be processed by cats into an active form, so fish oil is immune suppressants), and even those who have had no the preferable source. Dogs only convert about 10%, and it is drugs but exhibit an exuberant inflammatory process, store only converted to EPA. Algal oils only contain DHA (although up toxic substances in fat and interstitial spaces. These toxins there are algae that produce EPA), and are expensive. A dose of cause further inflammation, both in the skin and the rest of 50 to 250 mg/kg/day of Omega-3 fatty acids is a starting point the body, rendering them less able to deal with inflammatory for decreasing inflammation. The best Omega-6:3 ratio for this processes. Toxins are processed in the liver with phase I and purpose has been found to be 1.5:1. Older research indicating a phase II system enzymes. Phase I system enzymes produce a ratio of 5:1 never explored a lower ratio. greater number of free radicals, and are increased when there • Plant sterols are immune-modulating chemicals that decrease are higher levels of toxins present. inflammation while enhancing immunity. Antioxidants in as many forms as possible are critical to • Anxiety and stress contribute to symptoms and unwanted behavior in dermatitis. Several nutritional supplements can counteract this process and decrease inflammation: decrease these issues. One is l-theanine. As well, l-tryptophan • Vitamins E and C is back on the market and is an excellent anxiolytic. Melatonin, • Bioflavonoids given half an hour before bedtime, is also helpful. • Carotenoids • Iodine is helpful against candidiasis. Kelp is an excellent source • Grapeseed extract of both iodine and microminerals. Microminerals are often • Acai, goji, blueberries, blackberries and overlooked; they go beyond trace minerals and mimic those noni berries or juice found in the sea. They have been leached out of farmland • Sprouts (high in superoxide and, except on organic farms, are never replaced. Food grade dismutase) diatomaceous earth and mineral deposits such as bentonite and • Coenzyme Q10 (help fuel cells to montmorillonite are also sources of microminerals. speed detoxification reactions) • A concoction of half aloe vera juice and half strong black tea, mixed together and kept in the refrigerator, can be applied as32 animal wellness often as needed (at least twice a day) to hot spots or any other areas that are moist and inflamed, and to areas with a strong yeast smell. The tannic acid in the tea has an astringent effect, and aloe vera helps decrease inflammation and speed healing. It will turn white fur brown, however, so be warned. Using these nutritional and supplemental aids along with Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, homeopathy, chiropractic and other modalities to correct the underlying imbalances causing your dog or cat’s skin problems will prevent future issues. They’ll alleviate symptoms and support the skin while the deeper cures are developing. TO DECREASE INFLAMMATION IN AN ALLERGIC ANIMAL, IT MAY HELP TO CHANGE THE MEAT SOURCE TO PASTURE-FINISHED.


Beta glucans the–imbamlaunnceinsygstem By Dr. Carmen Colitz, PhD, DVM, DACVOYour animal’s immune system is a complicated network thatprotects his body against stressors and disease. When his immunesystem becomes imbalanced, the risk of illness is increased.A weak or impaired immune system can predispose youranimal’s body to infections, impaired healing and even cancer. Anover-exuberant immune system can result in allergies, immune-mediated diseases and, again, cancer.The majority of the immune system resides in the gastrointestinaltract. This means food, medications, etc. can affect systemicimmunity. Maintaining an optimal immune system is critical tooverall health.Beta glucans are naturally-obtained polysaccharides that modulatethe immune system. They are found in various mushrooms aswell as rice bran, vegetables such as yams, algae, seaweed, andthe cell walls of yeast.Beta glucans help regulate the immune system by triggering acascade of events that promote immune cell activation, andstimulate macrophages and lymphocytes to destroy target cells.They can enhance the overall activity of natural killer T cells andB cells. Beta glucans have the ability to simultaneously stimulatethe immune system to fight disease, while providing appropriateanti-inflammatory properties.Beta glucans have numerous other medicinal properties andhave been used for high cholesterol, diabetes, cancer and HIVin humans. In dogs, beta glucans improve vaccination titers inimmuno-compromised animals, and have been used for managingatopy, demodecosis, osteoarthritis and neoplasia. Dr. Carmen Colitz is a board certified veterinary ophthalmologist with a PhD in Comparative and Experimental Medicine. animal wellness 33


GAIVFINFGEYCOTURIODONG It may seem natural to hug and kiss your furry friend, but these gesturesmay actually feel threatening to some canines. Learn how to read his response to your adoration, and show your love in a way he understands. By Suzanne Hetts, PhD, CAAB, CVJ and Daniel Estep, PhD, CAAB We adore our Irish setter, Coral. From the time we brought In return, we’ve received as many, if not more, of what we call Coral Kisses – being licked on our hands, legs, feet and faces her home as a seven-week-old puppy, we’ve showered her with when we return home, when we wake up in the morning, and hundreds if not thousands of kisses on her head, paws, legs, a host of other times. body and ears. The only area we may have missed is her tail!34 animal wellness


KISSING VS. LICKINGKissing and hugging are very important displays of affectionamong people, but clearly they are not in a dog’s behavioralrepertoire. On the other hand, licking one another is importantto dogs, but not something humans normally do! Becausewe love Coral so much, most of the time we don’t mind herlicking. But depending on where, when, and for how long shechooses to deliver her licks to us, it can become annoying.In turn, we wonder if our kisses and hugs annoy her as well.HOW CAN WE TELL?Practically speaking, the best way to know how an animal feelsis to observe her behavior. How will she behave if she enjoysour displays of affection? She should remain relaxed and nottense up. The ears should stay forward and the tail high. If Corallikes our kisses, for example, she shouldn’t move away and tryto avoid being kissed. If we stop kissing her and she wants usto continue, we would expect her to move toward us and showa behavior that has worked in other contexts to get what shewants, such as pawing at us or leaning against us.Coral rarely “asks” for more kisses. But she frequently asks formore petting by pawing at us, or just placing her paw on ourarms if we stop stroking her. If we pair kissing the top of herhead with massaging her ears, Coral will often move in closer tous, and position her head so we can more easily reach the backof her ears. MANY SPECIES OF SOCIAL ANIMAL – INCLUDING DOGS – LICK OTHER INDIVIDUALS THEY ARE ATTACHED TO”On the other hand, if our affectionate displays annoyed orfrightened Coral, we’d expect completely different behaviors inresponse. We’d expect to see her tense up while being kissed,her eyes to get wide, her tail to go down, and her ears to go back.She might also move or duck away from us, as she does whenshe’s too busy to stay still and be petted.HUGS CAN SEEM THREATENINGWe have to admit, we also hug Coral. We do so gently, nottightly, so she is always free to escape from our arms if she wantsto. Most dogs learn to accept or tolerate hugs from familiarindividuals, but because they obviously don’t hug one another,it’s unlikely they recognize this as an affection behavior. In fact,just the opposite may be true.Dogs sometimes bite children who try to hug them – especiallychildren they don’t know well. For a dog, a hug can resemblethe social threat of having another dog place his paws on or animal wellness 35


drape his neck overtop her shoulders. Dogs usually tell us When we do use human gestures of affection that dogs don’tthey don’t like being hugged by using the postures we’ve share, such as kissing and hugging, we must be sensitive toalready described – lowering their tails, pulling their ears the dog’s reactions. Carefully monitor his body language forback, tensing up, or trying to move away. signs of anxiety, stress or defensiveness. Some dogs will be happier (and humans safer) if we find other ways to expressBeing hugged is probably quite confusing for dogs. Why would our love. Play a game of fetch, take your dog for a walk ortheir best friends, their family, all of a sudden attempt such a give her a gentle brushing. These are things most dogs enjoythreatening gesture? When dogs are confused or uncertain in – and giving them the things they want is the best way tosocial situations, they display displacement behaviors. These express our affection!are normal behaviors that are displaced out of their usualcontexts. The most common canine displacement behaviors AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIORSare lip licking and yawning. If a dog shows any of thesebehaviors when being hugged or kissed, it’s a clear sign to It’s natural for both people and dogs tostop, because she not only doesn’t enjoy what you are doing, display their affection for one another withbut could feel threatened enough to bite. behaviors that are typical for their own species. Behaviorists usually use the termFIND A COMMON GROUND “affiliative behaviors” to describe gestures among individuals with a social bond.Because dogs likely find at least some of our affectionate Dogs will show canine-specific behaviorsdisplays annoying or even frightening, what are the best to demonstrate their affection, but theirways to let them know we love them? behaviors are different from the hugging, kissing and cuddling that people show toDogs and people share some commonalities when it comes express their love.to how we behave toward individuals we are bonded to.Both dogs and people like to be close to those they love. • M any species of social animal – includingSitting next to each other on the couch, letting your dog sit in dogs – lick other individuals they areyour lap or share your bed (contrary to popular dog training attached to. This is called “allogrooming”mythology, there is nothing inherently wrong with this!) and is likely one reason Coral licks us.are meaningful to both species. Spending time together andengaging in activities you both enjoy are also good. Touching • A nother very important affiliative behavioris important too – it feels good to pet our dogs, and most dogs in dogs is simply being close to each other.love it as well. Think about how often your dogs sleep curled next to one another – or to you. THE BEST WAY TO KNOW HOW Following each other from place to place AN ANIMAL FEELS is another sign of social attachment. In our house, if Coral isn’t in the same room as IS TO OBSERVE HER BEHAVIOR.” us, she’s likely someplace where she can see us and monitor what we are doing. • Play is another affiliative behavior that is used to create as well as maintain social bonds.36 animal wellness


Flower Essences anxifoours dogs By Kathleen Aspenns, Certified Flower Essence Practitioner CHERRY PLUM Modern life is full of38 animal wellness things that can make a dog nervous. From the constant assault of noise on sensitive ears to the overwhelming sights and smells of a city street, even the calmest dog may become stressed from time to time.


For a highly sensitive dog, even life athome can be a challenge. Stressors can bespecific, like the sight or sound of a vacuumcleaner, or more general, such as anysudden noise. Fortunately, there are manyways to help anxious canines cope. Floweressences are a valuable complement to anystress-reducing program.Flower essences are a type of herbalmedicine consisting of dilute tincturesmade from flowers. They work on avibrational principle, as homeopathicremedies do. Because they are so dilute,there is no potential for toxicity orinteraction with other treatments, and sothey are safe for all members of the family,including animals.Flower essences work primarily on themental and emotional levels, helping tobalance and soothe. Animals really enjoythese gentle remedies, and respond quicklyand positively to them.Start with Rescue RemedyAs a flower essence practitioner, one of thefirst essences I recommend for any type ofanxiety is Five Flower Formula, also knownas Rescue Remedy. This combination offive flower essences was created by DrEdward Bach, an English physician andhomeopath. It helps to calm and comfortanimals and people in all kinds of stressfulsituations. It can be used to help ease theanxiety of a veterinary visit, give comfortafter a scary experience at the dog park, orfor any other kind of stressful incident. Irecommend keeping a bottle in your pocketor purse, as you never know when it mightcome in handy for you or your dog. See over for case studies. animal wellness 39


How to use them Flower essence case studiesFlower essences can be given in a 1. Camus – Rescue Remedy and Star of Bethlehemvariety of ways, so try several andsee what works best for your dog. Camus, a beautiful black Corgi, showed signs of anxiety during walks with his person,• One of the best ways is to give the Kelley. He would bark and lunge whenever other dogs came near. Even at home, he would bark loudly at men, sometimes even nipping them. drops by mouth. I recommend putting four drops of the essence I recommended positive reinforcement training techniques, and suggested that Kelley in a small glass, and filling it with exchange Camus’ collar for a harness on walks. Flower essences were also an important water. Then dip a treat in the part of his anxiety reduction program. His formula contained Five Flower Formula (also water and offer it to your dog. known as Rescue Remedy) and Star of Bethlehem, among others. Star of Bethlehem is• Putting drops in his water bowl excellent for grounding and calming, and helps animals feel safe. is also a great way to give flower essences on an ongoing basis. Kelley reports that Camus has greatly improved, and she feels far more empowered• Another alternative is to put a when working with his behavior. few drops on your hands and stroke the remedy into the dog’s 2. Sadie – Mimulus and Aspen coat, particularly the ears.• You might put drops on the pads Riding in the car can trigger anxiety in some dogs. Many experience carsickness and of his paws as well. anxiety as puppies, and outgrow it as they mature, but a few remain nervous of the car as adults, even if they no longer become carsick. They may show anxiety by barking or40 animal wellness whining, shivering, or restlessly moving around. Flower essences can be very helpful in easing the stress of a car ride. Samantha got in touch with me to see if anything could be done for her Norwich terrier, Sadie. Sadie was very nervous in the car, unable to settle, and flicked her tongue as if she were licking the air. I made a formula for her that included Mimulus, the Bach remedy for known fears. Mimulus helps with specific fears, such as a fear of men, hats, or other dogs. I often combine this essence with Aspen, also from the Bach line of essences, for vague or unidentifiable fears. Aspen is very useful for the fear of loud noises, especially thunderstorms or fireworks, since dogs cannot understand the source of these frightening noises. Samantha called me MIMULUS a few weeks later, happy to report that Sadie was now a happy camper in the car. 3. Peanut – Aspen, Cherry Plum and Rock Rose Peanut was troubled by loud noises. Unfortunately, she lived in a rural area where one of the neighbors regularly used rifles for target practice. Her person, Pam, contacted me to see if there was anything


STAR OF BETHLEHEM Beyond the labelI could recommend to help Peanut, who would cower in the The great grain debatebathroom when she heard the gunshots; if she happened tobe outdoors at the time, she would run around in a wild panic. BY MICHELE DIXONI gave Peanut a formula with Aspen as well as Cherry Plum These days, many of us pay much more attention toand Rock Rose. Cherry Plum is beneficial for restoring what we’re putting into our bodies – and the bodies ofcalm in panic-stricken animals, and who act wildly or self- our four-legged family members. One result is a verydestructively when frightened. Rock Rose is indicated for signi cant trend towards grain-free pet foods.animals who are absolutely terrified and fear for their lives. What are some of the important considerations in theThese essences were very helpful for Peanut, who is now great “grains-are-good” versus “grain-free” debate? Theconsiderably calmer about the loud noises. While she certainly fact is, there is a place for both types of pet food.doesn’t like them, she can now come out of the bathroom andbe near Pam for comfort. • Contrary to those who believe the only road to good health is the grain-free route, many dogs thrive on foodsAs the above examples show, many different circumstances that contain grains. Grains are an excellent source ofcan provoke anxiety in dogs. Fortunately, there are also many quick energy for dogs, with lots of ber to help rm upflower essences to help them feel better. They are a valuable loose stool.addition to your home first aid kit, and are available at mosthealth food stores. What a simple and effective way to help • Although there are some good reasons to feed a grain-calm your canine! free diet, it is important to remember that grains as a whole are not a source of allergies. Rather, each grain must be treated as a potential individual allergen. In addition, animal parents should be aware that what might be perceived as an allergy to a grain is o en a meat protein sensitivity. Foods with a single novel protein and limited carbohydrates can help determine if your animal has sensitivities. Choosingafoodthat’sidealforyouranimalisanimportant part of ensuring his long term health, happiness and vitality. Taking the time to do some research up front will most de nitely pay o down the road. Michele Dixon is the Health and Nutrition Specialist with Petcurean Pet Nutrition (petcurean.com). petcurean.com /petcurean animal wellness 41


PRODUCT PICKSSmooth ride Rock on!If your dog rides in the car, you want him to be safe The nitrogen in dogand comfortable – and to keep your back seat urine can burn yourclean. PetDek is an ideal solution. Easy to install, this grass and leavedurable “car space pet place” provides your dog unsightly patcheswith a large, level, flat surface to sit or lie on. It weighs on your lawn. Dog Rocks is an all-natural way toonly 12 pounds, but can carry up to 200 lbs. Seatbelt prevent and cure urine burn marks by reducing the nitrates that get into your dog’s system. Placed in buckles are exposed so his water bowl, they provide a stable, micro-porous you can hook up your medium that purifies the water via ion exchange, dog’s safety harness for acting like a sponge to absorb excess nitrogen from added security. PetDek the water. Each package lasts two months. is easily washed, hosed One package: $16.99 off or vacuumed, and dogrocksus.com folds in half for storage. $129.95 petdek.comAntioxidant treats Reach for oregano oilGood health and longevity depend on quality nutrition, Oregano oil offers powerful healing properties.and that includes antioxidants. Nzymes Antioxidant OregaPetTM First Aid Gel is a natural disinfectant andTreats provide dogs and cats with important raw food wound healer made with oregano oil and medicinalnutrition, in a tasty, chewable tablet form. They’re honeys. It prevents and treats all topical infectionscreated using the company’s proprietary sprout blend – bacterial, fungal or parasitic – and reduces painwith added antioxidant vitamins, rice bran, and beef and inflammation while accelerating the healing ofand liver flavoring. The treats also provide the dietary damaged tissue. Use for minor cuts and scratches,enzymes so often missing from pet foods. rashes, burns, hot spots, abscesses, boils, insect bitesBottle of 60 tablets: $21 and stings.nzymes.com 60 ml: $18.95 oregapet.com42 animal wellness


Size mattersDoes your dog need joint support? ResponseProducts introduces a new product size in theirAdvanced Cetyl M Joint Action Formula for Dogs.The 50-tablet bottle is ideal for travel, and for smallerdogs. As with the 120- and 360-tablet bottles, thepalatable formula contains cetyl myristoleatecomplex, glucosamine HCI, andpowerful Omega-5 fatty acids tosupport the structural integrity ofjoints and connective tissues.50 tablets: $19.97120 tablets: $38.97360 tablets: $104.97responseproducts.comLoosen upAgility and other competition dogs need lots offlexibility. Back on Track blankets help keep theirmuscles loose and supple before and after events.The blankets are made of functional textiles with heatreflective properties – a synergy of Traditional ChineseMedicine and modern scientific technology. Ceramicparticles are fused into the blankets’ polyester fibers;when heated, the particles radiate long-wave heatradiation back towards the body.$79 - $109, depending on sizebackontrackproducts.com animal wellness 43


DCagtss The latest on VACCINATION We’ve known about the risks of over-vaccination for awhile now, though many veterinarians, trainers, boarding kennel operators and others still promote yearly boosters. Learn which vaccines are really necessary, and when, and how to protect your companion from their side effects. By W. Jean Dodds, DVMBy now, many savvy animal lovers are aware of the dangers This article outlines approaches that balance the need to protectof over-vaccination, and are opting against annual boosters animals against serious infectious diseases with the risk offor their dogs and cats. While there’s no doubt that vaccines adverse events from vaccines. As my colleague, Dr. Ron Schultzeffectively protect companion animals against serious infectious of the University of Wisconsin, states: “Be wise and immunize,disease, there’s also no doubt that over-vaccination can cause but immunize wisely!”serious disease of a different kind. Adverse reactions to vaccinationFor more than a decade now, scientifically based informationhas lead to revised guidelines and policies about companion Vaccine reactions usually occur in puppies, kittens or olderanimal vaccines. So why are so many veterinarians, as well animals that are genetically predisposed to react adverselyas training, boarding and grooming facilities, still reluctant to when vaccinated.embrace and apply this knowledge? • The associated clinical signs typically include fever, stiffness,Why the resistance to change? sore joints and abdominal tenderness, susceptibility to infections, neurological disorders and encephalitis,Veterinary practitioners may simply believe what they autoimmune thyroid disease, severe anemia and jaundicewere taught about vaccines, so don’t take the time or from destruction of red blood cells, and pinpoint or largerhave the inclination to change or “fix” what is perceived hemorrhages from platelet destruction.to be unbroken. As well, vaccination programs have beenpromoted as “practice management tools” rather than medical • Liver enzymes may be markedly elevated, and liver orprocedures. A “more is better” philosophy still prevails with kidney failure may occur by itself or accompany boneregard to dog and cat vaccines. marrow suppression.Annual vaccination has long been the single most important • Both modified-live virus (MLV) and killed inactivated vaccines,reason why most people take their animals to the vet for an such as those for canine distemper and rabies, respectively,annual “wellness visit”. Another reason for the reluctance to have been associated with post-vaccinal encephalitis (PVE).change current vaccination programs is that many practitioners This can result in various clinical and behavioral signs.really don’t understand the principles of vaccinal immunity (thatportion of immunity conveyed by vaccines). The accumulated • An augmented immune response to vaccines is seen in dogsevidence indicates that vaccination protocols should no longer with pre-existing inhalant allergies (atopy) to pollens, grasses,be considered as a “one size fits all” program. weeds and trees.44 animal wellness • In cats and dogs, aggressive tumors (fibrosarcomas) can occasionally arise at the site of vaccination. Other cancers such as leukemia have also been associated with vaccines.


• Additionally, vaccinating dogs with rabies vaccine, either Non-responders alone or with other vaccines, can induce production of anti- and low responders thyroglobulin autoantibodies, which can contribute to the subsequent development of hypothyroidism. Animals that don’t develop any or enough protective antibodies when vaccinated for aOther issues that arise from over-vaccination include the particular disease are known as non-respondersincreased cost. Having your animal receive annual boosters or low responders. This situation is a geneticwhen they’re not necessary means you’re paying for a service trait, and the animals will remain susceptiblethat is likely of little benefit to his existing level of protection to the disease in question all their lives. It’sagainst these infectious diseases. Repeated exposure to the relatively rare, but some breeds are more proneforeign substances in vaccines also increases the risk of than others:adverse reactions. • 1:1,000 for CPV (parvovirus) – especially inFocus on core vaccines black Labradors and Akitas • 1 :5,000 for CDVThe concept of “core” vaccines was developed some years ago (distemper virus)to distinguish vaccines that every dog and cat should have, from – especially inthose that are “non-core” (optional or depend on the region/area greyhoundswhere the animal lives). • Zero for CAV (hepatitis,For dogs, there are four core vaccines: adenovirus)• Canine distemper virus • Rate of• Canine parvovirus occurrence in cats• Canine adenovirus (hepatitis) is unknown• Rabies virus animal wellness 45Note that cross-protection against canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1,infectious canine hepatitis virus) is provided by canine adenovirus-2(CAV-2, kennel cough) vaccines; the original CAV-1 vaccinesproduced an immune precipitate in the eye called “blue eye”. Butexcept for one incident at the Canadian/US east coast border areaseveral years ago, there have been no documented cases of CAV-1disease in North America for at least 15 years. That’s the reason whyveterinarians like myself prefer not to give this vaccine, especiallyto puppies, as it can cause immune suppression for about ten dayswhen given together in an MLV CDV combo vaccine (you cannotobtain CAV-1 vaccine by itself).There are also four core vaccines for cats:• Feline panleukopenia, a parvovirus• Feline calicivirus• Feline herpesvirus-1• Rabies virusThe first vaccination should not be given before six weeks of ageand is best given later (e.g. eight to ten weeks), since most puppiesand kittens of vaccinated mothers are protected by their residualmaternal immunity. Either two or three boosters are given, withthe last one at 14 to 16 weeks of age. Rabies vaccine should begiven separately whenever possible, and as late as allowed bylocal, state or provincial law. Continued on page 46.


Vaccine reactions Continued from page 45. – some stats for dogs and cats These core vaccines are important for protecting dogs and cats against the most serious and prevalent infectiousCheck out these findings from a study published in the Journal diseases, and all puppies and kittens should receiveof the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2005. them. However, even the core vaccines (including rabies – see next page) are being shown to have a much longerCanine vaccine adverse events: duration of immunity than previously thought, making• Retrospective cohort study; 1.25 million dogs vaccinated annual boosters unnecessary. at 360 veterinary hospitals 7 things you can do• 38 adverse events per 10,000 dogs vaccinated• Inversely related to dog weight There are several steps you can take to help protect your• Vaccines prescribed on a one-dose-fits-all basis, rather animal companion from the adverse effects of over- vaccination. than by body weight• Increased for dogs up to two years of age, then declined  Ask to have titer tests done on your dog or cat in lieu of• Greater for neutered versus sexually intact dogs• Increased as number of vaccines given together increased annual or three year boosters.• Increased after the third or fourth vaccination• Genetic predisposition to adverse events documented  Concentrate on core vaccines, and avoid additionalFactors that increase risk of adverse events three days after unnecessary vaccines.vaccination:• Young adult age  Be cautious about vaccinating sick or febrile individuals.• Small breed size  Work with your vet to tailor a specific minimal vaccination• Neutering• Multiple vaccines given per visit protocol, especially for animals of breeds or families known to be at increased risk for adverse reactions.Feline vaccine adverse events:• Retrospective cohort study; 0.5 million cats vaccinated at  With a puppy or kitten, start the vaccination series later, 329 veterinary hospitals such as nine or ten weeks of age when the immune• 51.6 adverse events per 10,000 cats vaccinated system is more able to handle antigenic challenge.• Inversely related to cat weight• Increased for cats about one year of age  Pay particular attention to the puppy or kitten’s behavior• Greater for neutered versus sexually intact cats• Increased as number of vaccines given together increased and overall health after vaccination.• Lethargy with or without fever was most common sign  Avoid re-vaccination of individuals that have alreadyFactors that increase risk of adverse events 30 days aftervaccination: experienced a significant adverse event.• Young adult age• Neutering The problems associated with over-vaccination have• Multiple vaccines given per visit been getting a lot of attention over the past ten years or so, and even though many veterinarians and other animalMoore, et al, JAVMA, 227:1102–1108, 2005. professional appear unwilling to accept what recent research has been telling us, the tide is turning.46 animal wellness


RabiesChallenge Fund – the results so far By W. Jean Dodds, DVM and Kris L. ChristineAs any animal lover knows, rabies vaccine is the one Challenge Fund also intends to establish the world’s first canineimmunization required by law. All dogs and cats must receive it rabies titer standard with research backed by the same federalat least once every three years, after the initial two-dose series, challenge criteria required to license rabies vaccines.even though researchers believe this vaccine causes among themost and worst adverse reactions. This vaccine research project is being performed by Dr. RonaldTo address this situation, we established the Rabies Challenge Fund Schultz at the University of Wisconsin School of VeterinaryCharitable Trust (rabieschallengefund.org) in 2005. The mission is tobetter define the duration of immunity (DOI) conveyed by rabies Medicine. The study follows the strictly defined federalvaccine in dogs. The eventual goal is to extend the legally requiredinterval for rabies boosters to five and then seven years. The Rabies standards for licensing rabies vaccines and involves concurrent five- and seven-year challenge trials. The funds are collected by Dr. Dodds at Hemopet, and distributed annually to the University of Wisconsin Foundation. Continued on page 48. animal wellness 47


Continued from page 47. in people). Some of the dogs with low or no detected RFFIT antibody wereTo date, funds have been sent to the University of Wisconsin further tested to determine if they had “immunologic memory”.Foundation for five years of the study – $175,000 for each of the This in vitro test shows whether memory is present or not, evenfirst two years, $150,000 for year three, and $145,000 for years in cases when serum antibody cannot be detected at a levelfour and five. Hemopet provides the financial accounting and tax considered to be adequate. The results of this further testingfilings for the Trust. indicated that most of the dogs vaccinated five years ago, even without an adequate RFFIT, do have “immunologic memory”.Summary of five-year DOI study Our conclusion from studies with the initial rabies vaccine isThe first rabies vaccine studied was selected based on the superior that the immunity conferred by that product, and assessed byresponse it provided in the USDA challenge trials for licensing; it the RFFIT, was excellent for the first three years, then declinedis no longer available now as the company merged with another. during the fourth year, and continued to drop during the fifth.Then, a second licensed rabies vaccine was administered to a Nevertheless, the dogs that completed the five-year study whoseparate group of dogs two years after the first study began, so were given a second rabies vaccine (even those with rabiesthat two licensed rabies vaccines would be tested. The second antibody titers that dropped below the RFFIT adequate level),vaccine selected is the one currently administered to a very high demonstrated boosted rabies titers, indicating the presence ofpercentage of dogs. an active immune memory cell response. The second vaccine group, which is now four-and-a-half years from vaccination, willBoth vaccines demonstrated excellent response based on rabies remain on study for two more years.antibody testing for each of the first three study years. However,fewer than 30% of dogs in the first vaccine group, now six We are continuing to raise funds to complete years six and sevenyears since vaccination, had serum rabies antibody titer levels of the Rabies Challenge Fund study and look forward to theconsidered adequate on the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition results, which should benefit all dogs everywhere.Test (RFFIT) (above the 0.1 IU/mL level stated by the Centers forDisease Control to be an adequate response to rabies vaccination 3 important issues about rabies vaccine1Not all vets comply with new mandates – All 50 states now recognize the three-year rabies vaccine, although some county c. Young animals, less than one year of age, generated a lower ordinances still require annual boosters. Thus, the vast majority antibody response to rabies vaccination than adults. d. The number of days between vaccine administration andof dogs in the United States can follow a three-year rabies when the rabies titers were measured was also an importantbooster protocol after the initial two-dose series is given within determining factor.12 months. In some states, however, veterinarians are given e. Failure to achieve the required rabies antibody level also variedthe discretion whether to administer more frequent boosters. among different vaccines tested: two vaccines performedIf veterinarians believe that rabies boosters should be given equally well, and significantly better than the others. Theseannually or biennially (every two years), they can usually talk findings were confirmed in a separate French study.3their clients into doing so. In Minnesota, this issue has created Mercury is used in most vaccines – Despite their toxicity, mercury compounds have been widely used in medicine.a longstanding controversy and public campaign to overturn the Called thimerosol, mercury is used in all but two of the rabiespractice by which veterinarians date rabies vaccine certificatesfor only two years even though they administered a three-year vaccines licensed in North America. Mercury and othervaccine. North Dakota has similar issues.2 Several factors affect immune response to vaccines – An heavy metals affect the body in two main ways: through animal’s size, age and breed, as well as the sampling time toxic and immunological reactions – the latter causing and vaccine used, have significant effects on the rabies titers hypersensitivity or autoimmunity. Studies show that metals, including mercury, can be a risk factor for the developmentmeasured to comply with the internationally accepted antibody of various autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis, multipletiter of 0.5 IU/mL for entry into rabies-free countries like the UK sclerosis and kidney disease, as well as nonspecific symptomsand Sweden. The data in two separate studies showed that: such as chronic fatigue and myalgia (muscle pain). Studiesa. Smaller dogs elicited higher rabies antibody levels than have shown that mercury can induce reactions, such aslarger breeds. skin disease or autoimmunity, depending on the individualb. The duration of rabies immunity also varied between breeds. animal’s genetic makeup.48 animal wellness


APOPTOGENSAdvertorial – important supplements you’ve never heard of.Cell death isn’t always a bad thing. In fact, natural is found in parsley, while luteolin is found in plants like celery, green cell suicide, a type of genetically programmed cell peppers, artichokes, and peanut hulls. Dr. Dressler, the chief medical death known as apoptosis, can be a very good officer at Functional Nutriments, is the maker of the world’s first thing. Old cells die by apoptosis every day, to apoptogen supplement for dogs, Apocaps CX. make room for healthy new cells. Supplementation is not just for cases of apoptosis deficiency.This natural cell suicide is also turned on when a cell becomes Supplementing healthy dogs with smaller maintenance dosesderanged or damaged. Conversely, if apoptosis genes don’t turn of apoptogens on a daily basis is very beneficial. Functionalon when they should, health suffers. Nutriments includes select apoptogens in their daily dog supplement, EverPup. It also includes Omega-3s, glucosamine,“The lack of normal apoptosis is a hallmark of all cancers, no probiotics, prebiotics, and a range of vitamins and minerals –matter where they occur in the body,” says Dr. Demian Dressler, and incorporates a special technology called Biovadex to slip theveterinarian and author of The Dog Cancer Survival Guide. One apoptogens through the body’s defenses into the bloodstream,in three dogs — and one in two over the age of ten — develop so they can reach the cells.cancer, with its lack of normal apoptosis. A quick glance at the label might lead you to believe EverPup isScientists have known about apoptosis for over a century. But “missing” some ingredients we’ve come to expect. For example,a deeper understanding of its significance surged in 2002, when with the inclusion of glucosamine, EverPup offers full jointthe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to support – but the hyaluronic acid we’re used to seeing is notSydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston “for their a separate ingredient. Instead, it’s created by the synergy ofdiscoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development certain apoptogens.and programmed cell death.” Ever since, pharmaceuticalcompanies have been spending billions developing synthetic “It turns out that Mother Nature has already invented thepharmaceutical apoptogens. wheel,” Dr. Dressler says. “We’ve got caught up over the last few years in thinking more supplements are better, butYet Mother Nature has already invented apoptogens, in the form of the reality is we only need a few, carefully balanced andplant-based bioflavonoids such as luteolin, curcumin and apigenin. working together. Now we can avoid over-dosing, and stillThese tiny molecules, when extracted from foods and carefully get more benefits than we would if we were giving six orformulated, naturally wake up the apoptosis genes in old, damaged, more separate supplements.”or deranged cells. Turmeric contains curcumin, which is now theblueprint for over 40 different synthetic anti-cancer drugs. Apigenin Article provided by Functional Nutriments (functionalnutriments.com). animal wellness 49


Check out the SStucofuf to’ns HeadHis whimsical balancing actihrarsemsiasdtieblheim“sapostkaers–doagnd” an forpit bulls. By Ann Brightman50 animal wellness


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