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19th Century Imperialism - MDC Faculty Home Pages - Miami ... Flipbook PDF
19th Century English Empire Building Markets with un-industrialized Europe through the 1850s Royal Navy dominance Hong K
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19th Century Imperialism
Causes of Imperial Conquest
New markets and raw materials National rivalries New nations enter competition (U.S., Germany, Italy, Japan) Missionary zeal, and the civilizing mission Racial subjugation (the “white man’s burden”) and Social Darwinism
Further Explanations
Naval power and coaling stations Limit domestic reform agenda Conquests are signs of national decline – nations needs closed markets Capitalists compete for scarce world markets – imperialist conflict is the result (Lenin)
What Facilitates Conquests?
Modern battleships Rifled bullet and the machine gun Quinine combats malaria
19th Century English Empire Building
Markets with un-industrialized Europe through the 1850s Royal Navy dominance Hong Kong and the Opium Wars (1840s) Egypt, cotton, and the Suez Canal (1869) Rhodesia and diamond mines Australia as a population safety valve Indian tea, opium, and cotton
19th Century French Imperialism
Algeria (1830), Tunisia (1881), and central Africa Suez Canal built (1869) Indochina (1884)
Further Imperialist Developments
Russian Siberia Belgian conquests in the Congo and Indonesia German East Africa and Samoa China divided into spheres of influence The United States (Philippines, Pacific islands, and the Caribbean)
Imperial Buffer Zones
Afghanistan (Russia and England) Thailand (France and England) Liberia (American protectorate) Ethiopia (France and England)
Resistance to Western Imperialism
Ethiopian stand at Adowa (1896) Japanese expansionism and industrialization Western education of third world elites 20th century wars of national liberation
Legacies of 19th Century Imperialism
Economic interdependence (global capitalism) Institutionalized ethnocentrism (White man’s burden) Destruction of indigenous cultures Created nationalisms (imagined communities) Global industrialization seen as model for progress