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LESSON 1 JACK’S LETTER strange – kummaline ghostly – tontlik nun – nunn mystery – müsteerium appear – ilmuma move – liikuma, liigutama nunnery – nunnaklooster
return – tagasi pöörduma lover – armastaja, kallim creepy – õudne, kõhedust tekitav figure – siin: kuju cover - katma scream - karjuma
Dear Helen, 1. How are you? I hope your summer is going well. At the end of July, I visited my friend’s grandparents. They live in Borley, the most haunted village in England. It’s not far from London. For most of the year it’s a quiet place. Strange things happen there at the end of July. I wanted to see the Ghostly Nun who is one of the mysteries of Borley. Where is Borley? Who is the Ghostly Nun?
2. People have heard music in the empty church, and they’ve seen lights going on and off, doors lock themselves. Words appear on the walls and furniture moves. People believe this is the ghost of a nun who still walks around in Borley. Who writes the words on the wall? Who moves the furniture?
3. A long time ago there was a nunnery at Borley. One of the nuns fell in love with a man from the village. They wanted to run away together. The other nuns found out the plan and they killed the girl. Now, every year on 28th July, the ghost of the nun returns and looks for her lover. What did they want to do together?
4. So, in the evening we put up our tent not far from the church. Time passed slowly. At last it began to grow dark. Fog fell to the ground. I felt a bit creepy. And then we saw her a ghostly figure appeared from the thick fog. We were so frightened that we covered our eyes with our hands and started to scream. We screamed and screamed. When we opened our eyes again there was no ghost but Jim’s grandpa who thought that we were having bad dreams. What happened after the boys had put up their tent?
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5. Do you have any haunted places or famous ghosts in Estonia? Write back soon and tell me all your news. All the best, Jack
Exercise 1.1 Read the text and find out what happened to Jack. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. What is Borley? (1) 2. What happens there at the end of July? (1) 3. Who is one of the mysteries of Borley? (1) 4. What have people heard and seen in the empty church? (2) 5. Why does the nun return every year? (3) 6. Who did the boys really see? (4)
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Exercise 1.2 Read the text again and find the following expressions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. juuli lõpus (1)……………………………………………………………………………………………………........... 2. Londoni lähedal (mitte kaugel) (1)………………………………………………………………………………. 3. enamuse aja aastast (1)………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. üks müsteeriumidest (1)……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. vanasti (kaua aega tagasi) (3)………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. ta armus mehesse (3)…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. ta otsib oma armastatut (3)………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. õhtul (4)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. lõpuks (4)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. pimedaks minema (4) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 1.3 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. …………… the end of July (1) 2. to live ……………. Borley (1) 3. not far …………… London (1) 4. to fall in love ……………… somebody (3) 5. to find ……………… the plan (3) 6. to look ……………. somebody (3) 7. …………… the evening (4) 8.
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…………… last (4)
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Exercise 1.4 A. Find the missing letters to complete the words. The list of new words will help you.
B. Write the word onto the lines below:
S R E A M A N G E S T 2 T U R N R N U N N R Y E A R A P M S T E R Y
12
A. Find the missing letters to complete the words.
S
C
A
P
R
E A R
a― ― ― ―r 6
s― ― ― ―m
14
3
M
I R
E
T U
N
r― ― ― ―n
13
― ― ― ― ― m 1
9 10
E five | 5
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M H
L
S
―h―s―l―
m――――――
c―v――
――v――
5
7
12
E Y
C
V
4
11
C. Write the letters above the numbers into the boxes to find out the message on the church wall. 1―
2―
3―
4―
5―
6―
7―
8.b
9 ― 10 ― 11 ― 12 ― 13 ― 14 ―
The answer: Exercise 1.5 Fill in the gaps with the correct words in the box below. appeared / creepy / strange / moved / covered / scream / returned Two faces ……………………… at our window. I felt a bit …………………. . Then …………………… things started to happen. Somebody ………………………... a chair in the sitting room. I ………………….. my eyes with my hands and started to ………………… Suddenly I heard a doorbell. These were my parents who …………………. from the cinema.
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Exercise 1.6 Write these sentences with capital letters where necessary. 1. jack went to borley at the end of july. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. it is the most haunted village in england. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. do you have any haunted places in estonia? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. at the end of summer, i visited my friend in tartu. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. have you been to london? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. we study english three times a week. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. mrs evans is our new english teacher. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. helen has six lessons on monday. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Forming plural Most nouns take –s to form plural: dog - dogs, book - books, banana – bananas. But: Nouns ending in:
You make plural by:
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, z, -o
adding –es dress - dresses, fox – foxes, potato - potatoes
a consonant + -y
dropping the -y and adding –ies baby – babies, lady – ladies
a vowel (a, e, o, u) + -y
adding –s boy – boys, day – days
-f or -fe
dropping the -f and adding –ves life – lives, wife – wives
Exercise 1.7 A. Form the plurals and write the words in the correct column. apple, toy, family, knife, garden, party, glass, shelf, ship, brush, city, tomato, leaf, wish, country, half -s
-es
NB! Some nouns form irregular plurals. Study the table: a man a woman a foot a tooth a goose a mouse a child a person a sheep a fish 8 | eight
men women feet teeth geese mice children people sheep fish
-ies
-ves
B.Read the sentences below and underline the correct word. 1. I have two foot/ feet. 2. Thousands of goose/ geese fly to south in autumn. 3. I am the only child/ children in our family. 4. Paul saw two mouse/ mice running across the floor. 5. Do you know this woman/ women? 6. Who are these person/ people in the picture? 7. How many child/ children does your aunt have? 8. Fred fell off his bike and broke two of his tooth/ teeth.
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Exercise 1.8 Complete the sentences using the plurals of the nouns in brackets. See the table p. 8. 1. We have more than a hundred sheep (sheep) on our farm. 2. Buy some ……………………… (potato), please. 3. Do you know how many …………………… (church) there are in Tallinn? 4. Whose.............................(toy) are there on the floor? 5. These shoes are small for me. They hurt my ……………………… (foot). 6. How many...................... (tomato) do we need for this salad? 7. In autumn, the …………………… (leaf) on the trees change their colour. 8. This hotel is very good for families with young ………………… (child). 9. Jane drinks six ……………………… (glass) of water every day. 10.
How many ……………………… (country) are there in the world?
Exercise 1.9 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Üks nunnadest armus mehesse. One of the nuns fell in love with a man. 2. Üks majadest on suur. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Üks autodest on punane. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Üks kohtadest on kummaline. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Üks lugudest on õudne. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 1.10 Use personal pronouns instead of the underlined nouns and phrases. You do not need all the pronouns in the box below. I/ /you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they 1. Jack visited his friend. He visited his friends. 2. Borley is the most haunted village. …………………………………………………………………………….. 3. The nun returns to the village. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4. My friend and I were frightened. ………………………………………………………………………………… 5. People have heard music. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The ghost appears in July. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Grandpa woke us up. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. Jack and Helen are friends. ………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Present Simple: Forming • We form the present simple with the 1st form of the verb. • We have to add an -s ending to the verb of the 3rd person singular. • We use do or does to make negative sentences and questions. Person Singular 1st I
2nd you
3rd he/ she/ it
Positive sentence + Negative sentence – Question ? I work. I do not work. Do I work? You work. You do not work. Do you work? He/ She/ It works. He/ She/ It does not work. Does he/ she/ it work?
Positive sentence + Negative sentence – Question ? We work. We do not work Do we work You work You do not work Do you work They work. They do not work Do they work?
Person Plural 1st we
2nd you
3rd they
Practise spelling: do + not = don’t does + not = doesn’t don’t ……………….….……, ……………..………………, …………..……………. doesn’t …………….…………., …………….……………, …………………………. Study the examples and fill in the gaps: do + -s = does buy + -s = buys cry + -s cries go + -s = ………………….
pay + -s = ………………....
try + -s = …………….....
• The verb be Person 1st I
2nd you
3rd
10 | ten
Singular I am I am not (I’m) Am I? You are You are not (aren’t) Are you? He/ She/ It is He/ She/ It is not (isn’t) Is he/ she/ it?
Person 1st
2nd
3rd t
Singular We are We are not (aren’t) Are we? You are You are not (aren’t) Are you? They are They are not (aren’t) Are they?
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Exercise 1.11 Make sentences. Follow the example. I/ make/ dinner
Laura/ have / her lunch/ at school
Ann and Mary/ be/ friends
+ I make dinner.
+ Laura has her lunch at school.
+ Ann and Mary are friends.
- I don’t make dinner.
- Laura doesn’t have her lunch at school.
- Ann and Mary aren’t friends.
? Do I make dinner?
? Does Laura have her lunch at school?
? Are Ann and Mary friends?
1. Cindy/ work/ in the garden + Cindy works in the garden. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? ………………………………………………………………………………………….................
2. Tom/ be/ older than you + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 3. We/ do/ our homework + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 4. It/ snow/ in winter + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 5. Paul and Fred/ be/ desk mates + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 6. They / borrow / books / from the library + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 7. My mum/ be/ a doctor + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. 8. Wendy/ have/ a boiled egg/ for breakfast + …………………………………………………………………………………………................. - …………………………………………………………………………………………................. ? …………………………………………………………………………………………................. eleven | 11
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Exercise 1.12 Fill in the gaps with do/ does or don’t/ doesn’t. 1. How much money do you usually have? 2. …………… Mike work in the library? 3. Where …………… you spend your holidays? 4. …………… the girls know that they can go home now? 5. What …………… English people have for breakfast? 6. My mum …………… like gardening. 7. ……………your parents have skis? 8. …………… you want to come to the cinema with us? 9. Jack ………………… take the bus to school – he walks. 10. Why …………… the teacher ask me every time?
Present Simple: Use We use the present simple to talk about:
Key words:
a. actions that happen all the time or repeatedly.
every day/ week/ month/ year
always, often, usually,
I brush my teeth every day.
b. something that is always true.
sometimes, seldom,
It never rains in desert
hardly ever, never
Elephants don’t eat meat.
We use the verbs see, hear, smell and taste with “can” Can you see the words on the wall? I can hear the strange noise. I can’t smell anything. I’ve got a running nose. Exercise 1.13 Fill in the gaps using correct form of the verb. Underline the key words where possible. 1. I often play ball games with my friends.
play
2. We sometimes …………………….. late night films on TV.
watch
3. Henry …………………… ice cream.
like
4. Jake ……………………………… sweets.
not like
5. When …………… your mum ……………………..?
return
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6. We seldom ………………….. to the cinema.
go
7. ………. you ……………………… this song?
know
8. My grandparents ……………………. in Estonia.
live
9. I …………………….. you. Please speak up!
not hear
10. ………… Ann usually …………….. next to Mary?
sit
11. Our cat always ............................ on the sofa.
sleep
12. My brother ………………………… his bed.
not make
13. I never …………………………. Coca Cola.
drink
14. ………… you ……………….. anybody in the garden?
see
15. Jenny always ………………………. her homework.
do
16. Jim and Marc hardly ever ………………… breakfast.
have
Exercise 1.14 A. Write true sentences about yourself. Use the ideas in the box. go out with my friends/ send birthday cards/ visit my grandparents/ read books/ watch TV/ have lunch at school/ go swimming/ use my mobile in class/ go shopping/ leave my things behind/ go travelling/ use the Internet I always …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I often …………………………………………………………………………………………....................................... I usually …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I sometimes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I seldom ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I hardly ever …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I never …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………every day. B. Now write similar sentences about your friend. Start with He or She. ………… always ………………………………………………………………………………................................... ………… often ……………………………………………………………………………….................................... ………… usually ………………………………………………………………………………................................... ………… sometimes ………………………………………………………………………………............................ ………… seldom ……………………………………………………………………………….................................. ………… hardly ever …………………………………………………………………………................................. ………… never …………………………………………………………………………………................................. thirteen | 13
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SELF EVALUATION Exercise A Solve the crosswords and find out who visits Borley every summer. 1. kuju
1
2. tontlik
2
3. liikuma
3
4. karjuma 4
5 6 7
5. tagasi pöörduma 6. armastaja 7. õudne 8. nunnaklooster 9. nunn
8
10. kummaline 9
10 The answer: ………………………………….......................visits Borley every summer. Exercise B Translate the sentences using the expressions from Exercise 1.2. The number indicates the expression. 1. See juhtus juuli lõpus. (1) It happened ………………………………………………………………................................................... 2. Minu vana-vanemad elavad Londoni lähedal. (2) My grand-parents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Enamuse aja aastast käime me koolis. (3) For most …………………………………………………………………...................................................... 4. Õhtul ma tavaliselt loen midagi. (8) In the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Tontlik Nunn on üks Borley müsteeriumidest. (4) The Ghostly ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Exercise C Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. Exercise 1.3 will help you. out/ with/ at (2x)/ from/ in (2x)/ for Jack lives ……… England. He visited his friend ……… the end of July. Borley is not far ……… London. ……… the evening they went for a walk. They wanted to find ……… the truth about the Ghostly Nun. The boys looked ……… the nun in the church. ……… last they saw somebody appearing from the fog. Was it the ghost of the nun who once fell in love ……… a man? Exercise D Write the words in plural. Exercise 1.7 will help you. tree ………………………………
factory …………………………..
book ………………………....
class …………………………….
hero ………………………………
nunnery …………………….
way ……………………………..
chair ………………………………
holiday ……………………...
thief …………………………….
bush ……………………………….
hotel ………………………...
Exercise E Write he, she, it, we, you or they. Exercise 1.10 will help you. 1. computer …………………
6. boy ………………
2. Greg and Paul …………………
7. you and Ken ………………
3. me and you ………………
8. house ………………
4. cars ………………
9. mum ………………
5. granny ………………
10. uncle John …………….
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Exercise F Form positive (+) and negative (-) sentences or questions (?) in the present simple. Ken/ play/ the guitar + Ken plays the guitar. - Ken doesn’t play the guitar. ? Does Ken play the guitar? 1. Jane/ like/ to read + ………………………………………………………………………………………………....................................... 2. We/ learn/ English every day - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Helen/ be/ an English girl ? …………………………………………………………………………………………............................................. 4. Jack/ live/ in Borley - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. My parents/ be/ on holiday + ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Exercise G Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the verb in the present simple. Underline the key words. 1. Do they often visit their friends? visit 2. We …………………………… maths every day.
not have
3. ………… everybody …………………… me?
can hear
4. My mum ……………………………… ghost stories.
not like
5. I always …………………………… before I go to bed.
read
6. Jim never ………………………… TV.
watch
7. …………… you usually …………………… behind Ann?
si
8. I ……………………… interested in computer games.
not be
9. The bell ……………………… at 8 o’clock every morning.
ring
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10. Helen sometimes ……………………… to the cinema.
go
11. They never ……………………… their things behind.
leave
12. My granny ……………………… without glasses.
cannot see
Exercise H Make up a summary. At the end of July Jack visited his …
People believe this is a …
They live …
A long time ago …
It’s not far …
One of the nuns …
Strange things happen …
They wanted to …
Jack wanted to see …
The other nuns found out the plan and …
People have heard …
Now, every year the nun …
They have seen words …
The Ghostly Nun is one of …
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LESSON 2 HELEN'S LETTER coast – rannik narrow – kitsas attract – meelitama inhabitant – elanik choir - koor bury – matma alive – elus, elusalt
prison – vangla starve - nälgima death - surm since - alates full moon - täiskuu reflection - peegeldus illustrator - illustraator
Dear Jack, 1. Thank you for your interesting letter. After reading it I decided to visit my aunt who lives in Haapsalu. It is a small town on the western coast of Estonia. It is one of the oldest towns in Estonia. Its narrow streets, clean air and warm sea water attract tourists from all over Europe. I went to Haapsalu because I wanted to meet the White Lady, a ghostly inhabitant of an old castle. Today there is a museum in the castle. What attracts tourists in Haapsalu?
2. In the 13th century, the inhabitants of the castle lived a quiet life. But then one of them fell in love with a girl from the nearby village. He brought the girl into the castle. She was dressed like a choir boy. For some time, nobody noticed the difference but one day the truth came to light. Why did one of the inhabitants bring the girl into the castle? 3.
3. The legend says that the girl was buried alive into the half-finished wall. Her lover was thrown into prison where he starved to death. Since then she has appeared at the castle window during the nights of full moon in August. What happened to the girl? When can you see her?
4. Even though I knew that it was just a tale I felt creepy while I was waiting there. The sky was cloudy and I couldn’t see anything that night. Some people believe that the White Lady is just a reflection of the moon on the window. Is the White Lady real?
5. Next time I am going to visit some museums, Ilon’s Garden among them. Ilon Wikland is a famous illustrator. She was born in Haapsalu. I’m sure you’ve seen her pictures in Astrid Lindgren’s books. Thank you again for the good idea you gave me in your letter. Best wishes, Helen 18 | eighteen
Which books have you read by Astrid Lindgren?
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Exercise 2.1 Read the text and answer the questions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. Where is Haapsalu? (1) 2. Who is the ghostly inhabitant of the castle? (1) 3. Who did one of the inhabitants bring into the castle? (2) 4. Why did nobody notice her for some time? (2) 5. What happened to the girl? (3)
Exercise 2.2 Find the following expressions in the text. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. Aitäh sulle kirja eest! (1) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Eesti lääne-rannikul (1) ………………………………………………………………................................. 3. See meelitab turiste kogu Euroopast. (1) …………………………………………………………………… 4. vana lossi tontlik elanik (1) ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. 13. sajandil (2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Ta armus tüdrukusse. (2) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. mõnda aega (2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Tõde tuli päeva-valgele. (2) ………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. Ta nälgis surnuks. (3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10. täiskuu öödel (3) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. kuigi ma tean (4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. ma kavatsen külastada (5) ………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 2.3 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. Thank you …………… the letter. (1) 2. Haapsalu is …………… the western coast of Estonia. (1) 3. Jack doesn’t live …………… Estonia. (1) 4. Tourists …………… all over Europe visit this town. (1) 5. The castle was built …………… the 13th century. (2) 6. …………… some time everything went well. (2) 7. The White Lady appears ………………….. the full moon. (3) 8. Who was born …………… Haapsalu? (5)
Exercise 2.4 Study the rule in the box below. Practise saying the dates. We write 28th July. We say the twenty eighth of July. 1st September 11th January
22nd October 24th February
5th November 17th March
23rd December
5th April
13th May
16th July 29th June
Exercise 2.5 Guess the words. The number of missing vowels is given in brackets. Write the correct words on the lines.
20 | twenty
nrrw (2)
strv (2)
ttrct (2)
………………………...
………………………...
………………………...
cst (2)
fll (1) mn(2)
rflctn (4)
…………………………
…………………………
…………………………
lv (3)
nhbtnt (4)
llstrtr (4)
…………………………
…………………………
…………………………
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Exercise 2.6 A: Unscramble the names of months. Write the correct words. Gaustu - August
Rubefrya - ………………………………
Rilpa - A…………………………………..
Yluj - ………………………………………
Aym - ……………………………………..
Cerebemd ……………………………..
Rayanuj - ………………………………..
Ortobec …………………………………
Rempebest - …………………………..
Ejnu ……………………………………...
Charm - ………………………………….
Evnembro ……………………………..
B: Answer the questions: When is your birthday? My birthday is in April. It’s on the 3rd of April. When is your teacher’s birthday? My teacher’s birthday is in ……………………………………………. It’s on the ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. When is Estonia’s birthday? It on the ………………………………………………....................................... When does winter begin? Winter begins on ……………………………………........................................ When does spring begin? ………………………………………………………................................................. When does summer begin? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. When does autumn begin? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. When is Halloween? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. When is Christmas? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Exercse 2.7 Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the box below. rannik/ kitsas/ meelitama/ elanik/ elusalt/ vangla/ surm / alates/ peegeldus Haapsalu is on the western …………………… of Estonia. I like the …………………… streets and small houses of the town. Its clean air and warm water …………………… tourists from all over the world. The most famous …………………… of the town is the White Lady. As the legend says, she was buried …………………… in a castle wall. Her lover was thrown into ……………………, where he starved to …………. . …………………… then she has appeared at the window of the castle. I think the White Lady is just a ……………………… of the moon on the window. twenty-one | 21
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Countable and uncountable nouns. If a noun is countable, • it has a plural form and can be used in questions How many? How many sisters have you got?
• we can use a/ an in front of it: a book, an apple, BUT a university, an hour
• we can use numbers one letter, two letters
If a noun is uncountable, • it has no plural form. It can be used in a question How much? How much time do you need?
• We do not use a/ an in front of it. Some is used with it. NB! Some is also used with countable nouns in the plural.
I need some soap to wash my hands.
I’ve got some ideas.
• We cannot use number in front of it. These nouns include: food/ drinks:
bread, butter, cheese, meat, salt, sugar, water,
tea, coffee, milk, lemonade, etc.
materials:
gold, silver, paper, wood, etc.
several nouns:
snow, money, furniture, oil, air, information, music,
food, help, homework, work, weather,
Exercise 2.8 A. Underline the correct word below. 1. a/ some furniture
7. a/ an hour
2. an/ some apples
8. an/ some air
3. a/ some water
9. a/ some money
4. a/ an table
10. an/ some information
5. a/ some snow
11. a/ an university
6. a/ an orange
12. a/ some children
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B. Write a/ an or some. Then add C for countable or U for uncountable. 1. a tomato C
7. ……… leaf …
2. ……… bread …
8. ……… salt …
3. ……… tea …
9. ……… cheese …
4. ……… person …
10. ……… exercise …
5. ……… egg …
11. ……… food …
6. ……… woman …
12. ……… homework …
Exercise 2.9 Use personal pronouns instead of the underlined nouns and phrases. You do not need all the pronouns in the box below. I/ /you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they 1. My aunt lives in Haapsalu. She lives in Haapsalu. 2. Haapsalu is a small town. …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The museum is open every day. …………………………………………………………………………. 4. The inhabitants lived a quiet life. ……………………………………………………………………….. 5. A man brought a girl into the castle. ……………………………………………………………………… 6. The girl was dressed as a choir boy. ……………………………………………………………………… 7. The choir boy was thrown into prison. ……………………………………………………………….. 8. Ilon Wikland is a famous illustrator. ……………………………………...................................
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Study the table of pronouns. Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pro nouns
(followed by nouns)
(not followed by nouns)
I
my (ball)
mine
you
your (ball)
yours
He
his (ball)
his
she
her (ball)
hers
It
its (ball)
-
we
our (ball)
ours
you
your (ball)
yours
they
their (ball)
theirs
Personal Pronouns
Exercise 2.10 Fill in the gaps with the correct possessive adjectives. The underlined nouns will help you. 1. Do you have your mobile phone with you? 2. Lisa was looking for …………… shoes. 3. There’s a cat, but where is ………… basket? 4. Where’s Jim? I’ve found ………… wallet. 5. I like dogs. They’re ………… favourite pets. 6. Have you seen the boys? These are ………… pencil cases. 7. We bought a new car. ………… car is red. 8. You should put on ………… coat. It’s cold outside. 9. Haapsalu is a small town. …………… narrow streets attract visitors.
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Exercise 2.11 Fill in the gaps with the correct possessive adjective. The table above Exercise 2.10 and the table on page will help you. 1. This is our friend Henry. (meie) 2. It’s ………………… pencil. Don’t take it!
(minu)
3. Have you seen Mike? I have ……………….. phone.
(tema)
4. Kelly has ………………… dog with her.
(tema)
5. This is ………………… new car.
(meie)
6. I like dogs. They’re ………………… favourite pets.
(minu)
7. How old is ……………… sister?
(sinu)
8. Where are the boys? I think these are ……………… games.
(nende)
9. Is this ………………… workbook? (sinu) 10. The kids went out and left ……………… toys on the floor.
(oma)
Exercise 2.12 Complete the sentences with the correct possessive pronouns. The underlined nouns and the table on page 24 will help you. 1. My brothers have got new bikes. Look! These bikes are theirs. 2. Mary has got a new bag. The bag is …………………… . 3. My friend and I have got some apples. The apples are ………………………. . 4. This book belongs to me. It’s …………………….. . 5. Jake has got lots of pens. I don’t know which is ………………………. . 6. Are you looking for your phone? I think this is ………………………… . Exercise 2.13 Complete the sentences with There is/ There are 1. There is a car in the street. 2. ………………………………………… eleven boys in this team. 3. ………………………………………… some good shops nearby. 4. ………………………………………… a bank around the corner. 5. ………………………………………… a bus stop not far from our school. 6. ………………………………………… 28 students in our class. 7. ………………………………………… some books on the shelf. 8. ………………………………………… an example at the beginning of this exercise. 9. ………………………………………… some water in the glass. 10. ………………………………………… somebody waiting for you outside. twenty-five | 25
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Present Continuous: Forming • We form present continuous with the verb be (am/ is/ are) and an -ing ending. Person
Singular
Person
I am working. I’m not working.
1st
2nd
We are working. 1st
we working?
You are working.
You are working.
You aren’t working.
2nd
He/ She/ It isn’t working. Is he/ she/ it working?
You aren’t working. Are you working?
He/ She/ It is working 3
We aren’t working Are
Am I working?
Are you working? rd
Plural
They are working. 3
rd
They aren’t working. Are they working?
Highlight the verb be and the -ing ending in every box. Study the spelling: sit + -ing = sitting
dance + -ing = dancing
travel + -ing = travelling
Exercise 2.14 Make sentences. Follow the example. I/ run/ in the park
Mum/ make/ dinner
+ I’m running in the park.
+ Mum is making dinner.
– I’m not running in the park.
– Mum isn’t making dinner.
? Am I running in the park?
? Is mum making dinner.
1. We/ study/ English. + We’re studying English. - We aren’t ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? Are we ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Dad/ watch/ the news + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 | twenty-six
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3. It/ rain/ outside + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The children/ play/ the ball + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. I/ do/ my homework + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They/ sit/ round the fire + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.You/ have/ a good time + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2.15 Read the letter and fill in the gaps with am, is or isn’t, are or aren’t Dear Mum, I am writing this letter from a hotel in London. It ……………… great here. We …………… having a really good holiday. The weather ……………… quite nice. Although the sun ……………. shining, it ……………. raining. My friends ……………… doing some shopping now. They ……………… looking for some presents for their parents. Tomorrow we ………………… going to visit some museums. Some of the museums ……………… far from our hotel so we can walk there. The people ……………… very friendly and everything …………… OK with me.
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Present Continuous: Use We use the present continuous tense to talk about:
Key Words:
actions that are happening at the time of speaking.
now, at the moment,
Look! Listen!
I’m reading a book at the moment.
The following verbs are not normally used in the continuous: be, like, hate, want, know, understand, believe, remember I like apples. (not: I’m liking apples.) I know him well. (not: I’m knowing him well.) Exercise 2.16 Underline the correct form of the verb in italics. 1. I hate/ am hating horror films. 2. Look! The teacher comes/ is coming. 3. I don’t like/ am not liking this song. Please turn it off right now. 4. I can’t hear you! I listen/ am listening to the radio at the moment. 5. I don’t remember/ am not remembering these words. 6. Can you help me? I don’t understand/ am not understanding the exercise. Exercise 2.17 Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the present simple or continuous forms. Underline the key words. 1. Look! The boys are going home. (go) 2. I usually ................................................... some eggs for breakfast.
(have)
3. Why ..................... you.......................................... to school every Friday?
(walk)
4. We ............................................................... for the test right now.
(not study)
5. Tom sometimes .......................................................... lunch from the cafe. (buy) 6. .................... you ............................................. mystery stories?
(like)
7. Listen, somebody ........................................................... the piano.
(play)
8. ......................... they often …………………………. their friends?
(visit)
9. My mum ……………………………. the shopping at weekends.
(do)
10. I ......................................................... where she lives.
(not know)
11. Mary ……………………………… a film at the moment.
(watch)
12. Sorry, I can’t talk to you now, I …………………………………... a shower.
(take)
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SELF EVALUATION Exercise A Solve the crossword and find out a proverb. 1 2 3 4 5
1. vangla
7. illustraator
2. kitsas
8. rannik
3. alates
9. peegeldus
4. elus, elusalt
10. täiskuu
5. matma
11. Ilon’s …
6. nälgima
(a museum)
6 7 K 8 9 10 Proverb: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise B Translate the sentences using the expressions from Exercise 2.2. The number indicates the expression. 1. Haapsalu on Eesti lääne-rannikul. (2) Haapsalu is ………………………………………………………………………………......................................... 2. Selle kitsad tänavad meelitavad turiste. (3) Its narrow ………………………………………………………………………………............................................ 3. See juhtus 13. sajandil. (5) It happened ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Tõde tuli päeva-valgele. (9) The truth ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Sa saad Valget Daami näha täiskuu ajal. (11) You can …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… twenty-nine | 29
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Exercise C Read the text. In every line one of the prepositions is missing. Put the stroke (/) between the words. Write the missing prepositions on the line given. Exercise 2.3 will help you. Helen is an Estonian girl. Her aunt lives /Haapsalu.
1. ___in_____
Haapsalu is a small town the western coast of Estonia.
2. __________
The town attracts tourists all over Europe. There is a
3. __________
castle that was built the 13th century. There are lots of
4. __________
museums Haapsalu. You can also meet the White Lady
5. __________
who appears the nights of full moon in August.
6. __________
Exercise D Fill in the gaps with a/ an or some. Page 22 will help you. 1. Henry is eating …………… apple. 2. There are …………… apples in the basket. 3. Look! ……… children are playing ball. 4. I can’t go to the cinema. I have …………… homework to do. 5. Could you buy …………… milk? 6. Ann has got …………… brother and …………… sister. 7. I need …………… money. 8. It takes me …………… hour to finish my work. 9. I can see …………… people in the street. 10. Have you got …………… dog?
Exercise E Fill in the gaps with the correct possessive adjectives or pronouns. Page 24 will help you. 1. Jimmy broke .............................. leg while skiing. 2. That dog has hurt ……………………… leg. 3. Is that Bob’s hat? Yes, it’s ……………………….. .
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4. I did well in ……………………… exams. 5. Anna lives with ……………………… mother in London. 6. Tom and Fred have got sweets. The sweets are ………………………….. . 7. You have to wash ……………………… hands before every meal. 8. The children have spent all ……………………… money. 9. Look at my scarf. This scarf is …………………………. . 10. “What film did you see?” “Oh, I don’t remember …………………. name.” Exercise F Form positive (+) and negative (-) sentences or questions (?) in the present continuous. Exercise 2.14 will help you. Paula/ play/ the piano + Paula is playing the piano. - Paula isn’t playing the piano. ? Is Paula playing the piano? 1.
She/ feed/ her dog
+ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.
Granny/ sleep/ at the moment
- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3.
The baby/ cry
? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.
The boys/ clean/ the floor
- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.
I/ write/ an exercise
+ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise G Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the verb in the present simple or continuous. Underline the key words. 1. She gets up at 7 o’clock every morning. get 2. What …………… you ……………………….. at the moment?
do
3. My dad often …………………….. in the evenings.
read
4. They ……………………………… in the garden now.
work
5. Helen ………………………….. cooking.
not like
6. Look! Johnny ……………………….. towards the bus stop.
run
7. It …………………………… at the moment so we can go out.
not rain
8. ……….. you …………………………………. this word?
understand
9. He usually ………………………….. to school by bus.
go
10. I …………………………………. you. Please speak up!
not/ hear
11. Listen! Somebody ………………………………………. .
come
12. Lisa is not working at the moment, she …………………………………… . swim
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Exercise G Make up a summary of Helen’s Letter. Haapsalu is on the … It’s one of the … Its narrow streets and warm … The White Lady is one of the mysteries … She is a ghostly inhabitant of … In the 13th century, an inhabitant of the castle fell … He brought the … She was dressed … For some time … One day the truth … The girl was buried … Her lover was thrown … Since then she has …
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LESSON 3 GREAT BRITAIN AND LONDON Which English-speaking countries do you know? Can you write the places in the box under the correct photos? The Tower Bridge/ Hyde Park/ Buckingham Palace/ The Houses of Parliament/ The London Eye/ Big Ben
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The British Isles – Briti saared
Romans - roomlased
situate – asuma
industry - tööstus
second biggest – suuruselt teine
concert hall - kontserdisaal
The United Kingdom – Ühendkuningriik
double-decker – kahekordne buss
official – ametlik
residence – elukoht, residents
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What is Great Britain? 1.There are two big and more than four thousand small islands in the British Isles. The biggest of them is called Great Britain. Three countries are situated on this island: England in the south, Scotland in the north and Wales in the south-west. The second biggest island in the British Isles is Ireland. What are the two biggest islands called?
What is the UK? 2. The UK (United Kingdom) consists of four different countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The official name of the country is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. What does the United Kingdom consist of?
What are the people of Great Britain called? 3.English people live in England. Scottish people live in Scotland and Welsh people in Wales. They can all be called "British". Often people make the mistake of calling everyone from Great Britain "English". The Scottish and Welsh people don't like it very much. Is it OK to call everyone “English”?
London 4. a London is the capital of England. It is one of the largest cities in the world. More than 8 million people live in London today. London is situated on the River Thames. People have lived in the area for more than 5000 years. The Romans started to build a town on the River Thames about 2000 years ago. They called their town Londinium and that's where the name London comes from. How big is London?
4. b The River Thames divides London into northern and southern parts. There are 34 bridges across the Thames in the city. The most famous of them is the Tower Bridge. 4. c London is famous for its parks. Hyde Park is one of the largest of them. You can walk in the park, have a picnic or rent a small boat and go fishing. London is also the cultural centre of England. It has lots of theatres, cinemas, concert halls, museums and libraries. It is also home to lots of schools and universities. What does it mean that London is the cultural centre?
4. d Tourism is one of London's largest industries. The city is full of red double-deckers that drive visitors from place to place. The most popular placed for tourists to visit are the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the Tower of London, the London Eye, and Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen. Where does the Queen live?
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Exercise 3.1 Read the text and answer the questions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. Which countries are situated on Great Britain? (1) 2. How many countries does the UK consist of? (2) 3. Is it OK to call everybody from Great Britain “English”? (3) 4. Where is London situated? (4a) 5. How many bridges are there across the Thames in the city? (4b) 6. What is the largest park in London? (4c) 7. What colour are the double-decker buses in London? (4d) Exercise 3.2 Find the following expressions in the text. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. Briti saarestikus (1) ………………………………………………………………......................................... 2. edela-osas (1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. neist suurim (1) ……………………………………………………………………….………………………………… 4. suuruselt teine saar (1) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. koosneb neljast erinevast riigist (2) ……………………………………............................................ 6. viga tegema (3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Thamesi jõel (4a) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. rohkem kui 5000 aastat (4a) ………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. Londoni nimi on pärit (4a) …………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. jõgi jagab Londoni põhja- ja lõuna-osaks (4b)………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 11. üle Thamesi jõe (4b) ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12. on kuulus oma parkide poolest (4c) ……………………………………………………………………..... 13. piknikku pidama (4c) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. Kuninganna ametlik eluase (4d) ………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 3.3 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. …………… the British Isles (1) 2. Three countries are situated …………… this island. (1) 3. …………… the north (1) 4. to consist …………… different countries (2) 5. to be situated …………… the River Thames (4a) 6. to come …………… the name Londinium (4a) 7. to divide the city …………… two parts (4b) 8. a bridge …………… the river (4b) 9. to be famous …………… its parks (4c) 10. from place …………… place (4d) Exercise 3.4 Odd one out. Find one word in each row that doesn’t belong with the others. Explain your answer. • England, Great Britain, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland • Londinium, Great Britain, Ireland • Welsh, British, Scottish, English • The Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, the River Thames Exercise 3.5 Write these sentences with capital letters where necessary. 1. great britain and ireland are the biggest islands in the british isles. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. which country is in the south? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. england, scotland, wales and northern ireland make up the united kingdom. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 | thirty-eight
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4. where do scottish people live? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. i know that welsh people love singing. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. you can call everyone “british”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. millions of people live in london. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. the romans built the town on the river thames. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. big ben and the tower of london are among the most famous places to visit. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Using article “the” with names We use “the” in names:
We do not use “the” with the names of:
• with republic, kingdom, states, etc
• continents
The Republic of Estonia, the United Kingdom,
Europe, Asia, Africa, America, etc
the United States of America
• countries England, Estonia, France, Spain
• in names of oceans, seas,
• islands
rivers and canals/ channels
Great Britain, Ireland, Saaremaa
The Atlantic Ocean, the Thames,
• towns/ cities/ villages
the North Sea, the English Channel
London, Tallinn, Paris, Borley • mountains
• in groups of islands or mountains
Ben Nevis, Mount Everest, Munamägi
The British Isles, the Canary Islands,
• lakes
the Pennines, the Alps, the Himalayas
Loch Ness, Lake Victoria, Lake Peipsi
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Exercise 3.6 Look at the map of the British Isles. Answer the following questions. Use article “the” where necessary. NB! There are no articles on the map. What’s the capital of England? ………………………………………………………………........................... What’s the capital of Scotland? ………………………………………………………………......................... What’s the capital of Wales? …………………………………………………………………...................... What’s the capital of Northern Ireland? ……………………………………………………………………… What’s the highest point in Great Britain? …………………………………………………………………… How high is it? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What’s the highest point in Wales? ………………………………………………………………………………… How high is it? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The British Isles are situated in an ocean. What’s the name of the ocean? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What’s the name the sea between Ireland and Great Britain? …………………………………………….. What’s the name of the sea that washes the northern coast of Great Britain? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… There’s a famous lake in Scotland. What’s the name of the lake? …………………………………………. There’re some mountains in the north of England? What are they called? ………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… What’s the name of the channel between Great Britain and France? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 3.7 Fill in the blanks with article “the” where necessary. If “the” is not necessary, leave the space empty ( - ) as in the example. - ...... Estonia is situated on …the… Baltic Sea. Its nearest neighbours are ……… Finland and ……… Sweden. In the south ……… Estonia borders on ………… Republic of Latvia. There are over 1.500 islands in Estonia. The largest of which are ……… Saaremaa and …….. Hiiumaa. The biggest lakes are ……… Lake Peipsi and ……… Lake Võrtsjärv. The longest rivers are ……… River Võhandu and …… River Pärnu. The capital of ……… Estonia is ……… Tallinn. ……… Tartu is the second biggest town. The official name of our country is ……… Republic of Estonia. Exercise 3.8 A. Begin each sentence with There is or There are. 1. There is a shop near our school. 2. ……………………………. a lake in the park. 3. ……………………………. some apples in the tree. 4. ……………………………. lots of photos in this box. 5. ……………………………. a boat on the river. 6. ……………………………. three horses in the field. 7. ……………………………. some milk in the jug. 8. ……………………………. a newspaper on the table. 9. ……………………………. people in the hall. 10. …………………………… a big black cat in the street.
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Exercise 3.9 Answer the following questions. Begin each sentence with There is/ There are. The Table 2 on page 74 will help you to write numbers. How many boys are there in this class? (10) There are ten boys in our class. 1. How many flowers are in this vase? (11) There are …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. How many months are there in the year? (12) There are …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. How many pencils are there in the box? (13) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. How many cars are there in the street? (3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. How many days are there in the week? (7) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. How many seasons are there in Estonia? (4) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. How many books are there on the shelf? (8) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. How many chairs are there in this room? (2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. How many pictures are there on the wall? (9) …………………………………………………………………………............................................................
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Study the rules about some and any. • We use some (also somebody/ someone/ something) in positive sentences. • We use any (also anybody/ anyone/ anything) in negative sentences and in questions. + I wrote some letters. - I didn’t write any letters.
Did you write any letters?
Exercise 3.10 Complete the sentences below with some or any. 1. Are there any letters for me? 2. There isn’t …………………… tea in the teapot. 3. Mary needs ……………………. help with her homework. 4. I don’t have ……………………. free time today. 5. We heard ……………………. funny stories. 6. Did you read …………………… interesting books in summer? 7. Have you got …………………… ideas what to do next? 8. Harry hasn’t got …………………… money with him. 9. I bought ………………….. bread but I didn’t buy …………………… butter. 10. Did you make …………………….. mistakes? Exercise 3.11 Complete the sentences with somebody, something, anybody, or anything. 1. Sally went shopping but she didn’t buy anything. 2. I didn’t buy …………………………… as well. 3. …………………………… stole my bike yesterday. 4. Jim doesn’t know …………………………… about our plan. 5. Ann sat quietly on the sofa and didn’t speak to …………………………. . 6. There’s …………………………… outside who wants to talk to you. 7. I don’t want to do …………………………… this evening. 8. I’m hungry. I want …………………………… to eat. 9. My sister is speaking to …………………………… on the phone. 10. “Why are you crying?” “I’m not. There’s …………………………… in my eye and it hurts.” 44 | forty-four
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Grammar: Past Simple • We form the past simple with -ed ending or the 2nd form of the verb. Person
Positive +
Person
Positive +
1st
I worked hard I went home
1st
We worked hard We went home
2nd
You worked hard. You went home.
2nd
You worked hard. You went home.
3rd
He/ She/ It worked hard. He/ She/ It went home.
3rd
They worked hard. They went home.
Person
Negative Question?
• We use did to make negative sentences and questions. Person
1st
2nd
3rd
Negative Question? I didn’t work hard. Did I work hard? I didn’t go home. Did I go home? You didn’t work hard. Did you work hard? You didn’t go home. Did you go home? He/ She/ It didn’t work hard. Did he/ she/ it work hard? He/ She/ It didn’t go home. Did he/ she/ it go home?
1st
2nd
3rd
We didn’t work hard. Did we work hard? We didn’t go home. Did we go home? You didn’t work hard. Did you work hard? You didn’t go home. Did you go home? They didn’t work hard. Did they work hard? They didn’t go home. Did they go home?
What happens when did comes? When did comes, the main verb goes back to the ……… form. Practise spelling: did + not = didn’t didn’t ……………………….., ……………………, ………………………….
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Study the examples: study + -ed = studied
travel + -ed = travelled
dance + -ed = danced
Exercise 3.12 Add the -ed ending to these words and put them into the correct groups. visit, arrive, study, rob, travel, dry, starve, move, worry, plan, cover, situate, stop, appear, cry, return, call, bury, prefer, live + -ed
-e + -ed = d
-y + -ed = -ied
x 2 + - ed
visited
arrived
studied
robbed
Exercise 3.13 A. Fill in the table with the correct irregular verbs. The Table 1 on page 72 will help you. I
II
1. ehitama 2. kukkuma
built fall
3. olema
was/ were
4. panema 5. mõtlema
put think
6. jooksma
ran
7. omama 8. tooma
had bring
9. andma
gave
10. leidma 11. minema
found go
12. teadma
knew
13. tulema 14. (kellekski) saama
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III
come become
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B. Write the verbs from the table in part A into the correct column. meet – met – met I
II
III
build
cut – cut – cut I
II
III
do – did - done I
II
III
run – ran – run I
II
III
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Exercise 3.12 Make sentences in the past simple. Follow the example. + Helen lived in Haapsalu.
+ Jack wrote a letter.
+ The dog’s name was Pup.
- Helen didn’t live in Haapsalu.
- Jack didn’t write a letter.
- The dog’s name wasn’t Pup.
? Did Helen live in Haapsalu?
? Did Jack write a letter?
? Was the dog’s name Pup?
1. Emma/ watch/ TV + ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… -……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Dan/ have/ 5 euros + …………………………………………………………………………................................................................ - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Ellen/ go/ shopping + …………………………………………………………………………................................................................ - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The story/ be/ creepy + …………………………………………………………………………................................................................ -……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The Romans/ build/ the town + …………………………………………………………………………................................................................ -……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 3.13 Rewrite the text into your exercise book. Put all the underlined verbs into the past simple. Ann and Fred are at their aunt’s place in Tallinn. It is Sunday. They put on their coats and leave the house. They take a taxi. The taxi comes. They step into the car and hurry to the bus station. When they arrive, they get out of the car and go to the waiting room. They wait about 10 minutes. The children look sad. They don’t want to leave. They travel to Võru. On the bus they fall asleep and the time passes quickly.
Past Simple: Use We use the past simple tense to talk about things that happened in the past.
Key words: yesterday, last week/ month/ year,
ago, in 2006
Exercise 3.14 Fill in the gaps using the past simple tense. Underline the key words. 1. Did your dad buy you a new jacket yesterday? buy 2. Dora ……………………………………….. her birthday party last Sunday.
have
3. You …………………………………….. basketball last year.
not play
4. Where ……………… your parents ………………………….. work in 2017?
work
5. Two weeks ago we ………………………………………. in London.
be
6. I ……………………………………… well last night.
sleep
7. ……………… she …………………..……….. the legend?
know
8. Our dog ……………………………….. away yesterday.
run
9. ……………… the truth …………………………… to light?
come
10. Our teacher ……………………………………… us any homework.
not give
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Exercise 3.15 Complete the sentences. Use the ideas from the box below. Put the verbs into the past simple, positive or negative. find 50 euros in the street/ see a ghost/ do my homework/ build a snowman/ play a computer game/ have a snow fight/
1. I ……………………………………………………………… when I came to school yesterday morning. 2. I ……………………………………………………………….. when I visited an old castle last summer. 3. I …………………………………………………………………………………………………. yesterday evening. 4. I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… two days ago. 5. I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. yesterday. 6. I …………………………………………………………………………………. after the lessons were over. Exercise 3.16 Fill in the gaps using the past simple tense. Underline the key words.
1. Did your dad buy you a new jacket yesterday? buy
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2. Dora ……………………………………….. her birthday party last Sunday.
have
3. You …………………………………….. basketball last year.
not play
4. Where ……………… your parents ………………………….. work in 2017?
work
5. Two weeks ago we ………………………………………. in London.
be
6. I ……………………………………… well last night.
sleep
7. ……………… she …………………..……….. the legend?
know
8. Our dog ……………………………….. away yesterday.
run
9. ……………… the truth …………………………… to light?
come
10. Our teacher ……………………………………… us any homework.
not give
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SELF EVALUATION Exercise A Solve the crosswords and find out which famous building in London was once used as a zoo. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12
13
1. We can call everyone from Great Britain the … 2. One of the three countries of Great Britain. 3. The highest point in Wales is … 4. The people who live in Wales are called the … 5. The second biggest island in the British Isles. 6. The capital of the UK. 7. The capital of the Northern Ireland. 8. One of the three countries on Great Britain. 9. The lake with a mysterious inhabitant in Scotland. 10. The highest point which is 1344 metres above the sea level. 11. The capital of Wales. 12. They started to build the town 2000 years ago. (without article “the”) 13. The capital on Scotland. The answer: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… fifty-one | 51
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Exercise B Translate the sentences using the expressions from Exercise 3.2. The number indicates the expression. 1. Pärnu asub Eesti edela-osas. (2) Pärnu is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. See pusle koosneb 56 tükist. (5) The puzzle …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Ma ei teinud testis vigu. (6) I didin’t ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Meie kool on kuulus oma heade õpilaste poolest. (12) Our school ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Sa võid pidada piknikku selles pargis. (13) You can ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Exercise C In every line one of the prepositions is missing. Put the stroke (/) between the words. Write the missing prepositions on the line given. Exercise 3.3 will help you. The UK consist /four countries. London is the capital of England.
1. _of_
It is situated the River Thames. The Romans started to build this
2. ____
town 2000 years ago. The name London comes the Roman name
3. ____
Londinium. The Thames divides the city northern and southern parts.
4. ____
Red double-deckers drive visitors one place to another all day long.
5.____
London is also famous its bridges. Tower Bridge is one of the most
6. ____
beautiful of them. You can find 34 bridges the Thames in the city.
7.____
Cardiff is the capital of Wales. Wales is situated the south-western
8.___
part of Great Britain. Scotland is situated the north. Great Britain is
9.____
the biggest island the British Isles. Ireland is the second biggest.
10.___
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Exercise D Put in “the” where necessary or leave the space empty ( - ). 1. ……… English Channel separates ……… England from ……… Europe. 2. ……… USA consists of 50 states. 3. ……… Mount Everest is the highest top in ……… Himalayas. 4. ……… Cardiff is the capital of ……… Wales. 5. Every summer I visit ……… Muhumaa and ……… Saaremaa. 6. Have you been to ……… British Isles? 7. London is divided into parts by ……… River Thames. 8. Where is ……… Lake Balaton? It’s in ……… Hungary. Exercise E Fill in the gaps with some, somebody, something, any, anybody, or anything. 1. I don’t need any help. 2. Have you got ……………………………… sisters or brothers? 3. We need ………………………………… more bread. 4. Can I do ……………………………… to help you? 5. Has ……………………………….. phoned me? 6. Are you doing ……………………………….. right now? 7. I have to write ……………………………….. letters. 8. I’ve got …………………………………. for you.
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Exercise F Form positive (+), negative (-) sentences or questions (?) in the past simple tense. Sally/ go/ home + Sally went home. -Sally didn’t go home. ? Did Sally go home? 1. I/ have/ my/ dinner + ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Sam/ do/ his homework - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Carol/ fall / ill ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. We/ study/ hard + ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Tim/ be/ at school - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise G Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the verb in the past simple. Underline the key words. We learnt a new song yesterday.
learn
1. The students ……………………… lots of books last year.
read
2. Ned …………………….. a big fish last Friday.
catch
3. Our team ………………………..the match.
not win
4. …………… they ……………………… these houses long time ago?
build
5. Last year granny ………………………. a lot of vegetables.
grow
6. Mum ……………………………… any apples.
not buy
7. ………… you ………………………. her an e-mail?
send
8. The bus …………………… late again.
be
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9. Jim ……………………… the room two minutes ago.
leave
10. ……….. anybody ……………….. you? see 11. When ………… you …………………… home yesterday?
get
12. As we left early, we …………………………….. late.
not be
13. Why …………… they …………………………… the window?
break
14. …………….. you ………………………….. the door?
shut
15. They …………………………… all night. play
Exercise H Speak about Great Britain and London. Great Britain is the biggest … Three countries are … They are … Ireland is the second … The UK consists of … English people live … The capital of England … Scottish people … The capital of … Welsh … The capital … We can call everyone from Great … London is one of the … More than 8 … London is situated … The River Thames divides … Tower Bridge is the most famous … London is famous for … The largest of them … You can walk, … There are lots of theatres, … The city is full of … The most popular places … Buckingham’s Palace is … fifty-five | 55
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LESSON 4 GOOD NIGHT What is the one thing you probably spend most time doing? Can you think of the last time you didn’t get enough sleep? How did you feel? Do you think you get enough sleep each night? compete- võistlema argument - tüli social media – sotsiaalmeedia
on time – õigel ajal
purpose - eesmärk prepare - valmistuma
cross – pahur lack - vähesus clearly – selgelt
affect - mõjutama
impossible – võimatu
amount - kogus
1. Today’s children have busy lives. There’s so much that competes for their lives – going to school, doing sports, playing computer games, visiting different social media sites. By the end of the day everybody needs a break. Sleep is best. But kids don’t often want to go to sleep on time. Which social media sites do you visit?
2. Can you think of the last time you didn’t get enough sleep? You probably didn’t do very well the next day. If your body doesn’t get enough hours of rest, you’ll feel tired and cross. You may find it difficult to think clearly. An exercise that’s normally easy may feel impossible. You may have an argument with a friend over something really stupid. Did you get enough sleep tonight?
3. The main purpose of sleep is to give your body a rest to be prepared for the next day. Growing children need more sleep than adults. Children between the ages 5 and 12 need ten to eleven hour of sleep each night. Kid’s bodies grow while they are sleeping. If you don’t get enough hours of rest, you may not grow. And you may fall ill easily if you are tired all the time. How many hours of sleep do you need?
4. Sleep is important for learning and memory. Lack of sleep affects your marks at school. Students who sleep more before tests do better than those who have studied all night. So, the right amount of sleep is important for anyone who wants to do well at school and sports. How does sleep affect your memory?
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5. Most kids don’t get enough sleep. If you find it difficult to wake up in the morning, you need more sleep. A good night’s sleep helps you stay healthy and happy. What should we do to get enough sleep?
Exercise 4.1 Read the text and answer the questions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. What is best for break? (1) 2. How may you feel if your body doesn’t get enough hours of rest? (2) 3. Why do growing children need more sleep than adults? (3) 4. How is sleep important for learning? (4) 5. What does a good night’s sleep help you stay? (5) Exercise 4.2 Find the following expressions in the text. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. päeva lõpuks (1) ………………………………………………………………………................................. 2. piisavalt puhata saama (2) …………………………………………………………………………………....... 3. väga hästi hakkama saama (2) ……………………………………………………………………………....... 4. tülitsema tõeliselt rumala asja pärast (2) ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 5. magamise peamine eesmärk (3) ………………………………………………………………………………… 6. haigeks jääma (3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 7. unepuudus (4) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. õige une kogus (4) ………………………………………………………................................................. 9. püsima tervena (5) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. fifty-seven | 57
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Exercise 4.3 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. The number indicates the paragraph. 1. The boys competed ……………. the first prize. (1) 2. …………… the end of the day everybody was tired. (1) 3. Did you go to bed …………… time yesterday? (1) 4. Are you prepared …………… the test? (3) 5. Sleep is important ………….. your memory. (4) 6. I always want to do well …………… school. (4) 7. What time do you wake up …………… the morning? (5) Exercise 4.4 Match the words and definitions. 1. cross
a. fight
2. busy
b. something that can’t happen
3. impossible
c. a person who is not a child any more
4. argument
d. to stop in order to have a rest
5. compete
e. having a lot to do
6. break f. angry 7. adult
g. to have a competition
Exercise 4.5 Fill in the gaps with the correct words in the box below. võistlema/ õigeks ajaks/ kogus/ selgelt/ pahur/ tüli/ eesmärk mõjutama/ võimatu/ valmistuma/ 1. She and her sister often ……………………………… for the attention of their parents. 2. Did you reach ………………………………….. or were you late? 3.
All people must have a certain ………………………………….. of sleep.
4.
If you don’t sleep enough, you may find it difficult to think ………………………… .
5.
You may feel tired and ………………………………….. .
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6.
You may also have an ………………………………….. with your friend.
7.
What is the ………………………………….. of sleep?
8.
Does it ………………………………….. our progress at school?
9.
It is …………………………………. to do well if you are tired.
10.
We need more time to …………………………………. for the test.
Exercise 4.6 Study the table of pronouns and use reflexive pronouns to fill in the gaps. The underlined nouns will help you. Personal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Example
I
myself
I hurt myself.
you
yourself
You hurt yourself.
he
himself
He hurt himself.
she
herself
She hurt herself.
it
itself
It hurt itself.
we
ourselves
We hurt ourselves.
you
yourselves
We hurt ourselves.
they
themselves
They hurt themselves.
1. I hurt myself playing basketball. 2. Linda cut ……………………….. while peeling potatoes. 3. We enjoyed …………………………… at the party. 4. Peter, you are too young to look after ………………………….. . 5. Did the children ……………………………. make this cake? 6. Help …………………………… , girls! 7. My granny sometimes talks to …………………………… . 8. The dog came out of the river and shook ……………………………. dry. 9. I did the exercise by ……………………………… .
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Exercise 4.7 A. Find the days of the week in the puzzle and circle them. The words are hidden → and ↓ A
T
U
E
S
D
A
Y
T
T
E
F
F
M
R
A
A
V
M
T
H
H
D
S
R
O
S
A
T
A
J
S
U
L
E
U
I
N
D
U
U
Q
G
V
R
Q
O
N
D
D
O
S
R
O
C
L
S
M
G
D
A
A
W
E
D
N
E
S
D
A
Y
A
Y
Y
U
B
A
A
C
Q
A
G
B
Y
I
D
E
W
Y
L
S
Y
Y
V
C
I
B. Write down the names of the days starting from Monday. NB! The names of the days start with a capital letter. Monday, ……………………………..…, ………………………….………….…, ……………………………………… , ……………………………………………, ……………………………………………, ……………………………………… . Exercise 4.8 Answer the following questions. Follow the example. Use words instead of ordinal numbers. The Table 3 on page 75 will help you. 1. What’s the seventh day of the week? The seventh day of the week is Sunday. 2. What’s the 4th day of the week? …………………………………………………………………………………………............................................... 3. What’s the 3rd day of the week? ………………………………………………………………………………………….............................................. 4. What’s the 1st month of the year? ………………………………………………………………………………………….............................................. 5. What’s the 6th day of the week? ………………………………………………………………………………………….............................................
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6. What’s the 2nd month of the year? ……………………………………………………………………………………….................................................... 7. What’s the 5th day of the week? …………………………………………………………………………………………................................................ 8. What’s the 9th month of the year? …………………………………………………………………………………………............................................... 9. What’s the 12th month of the year? ………………………………………………………………………………………................................................. 10. What’s the 1st day of the week? …………………………………………………………………………………………..............................................
Grammar: Past Continuous • We form the present continuous with the verb be (was/ were) and an -ing ending. Person
Positive +
Person
Positive +
1st
I was working. I wasn’t working. Was I working?
1st
We were working. We weren’t working Were we working?
2
You were working. You weren’t working. Were you working?
2
You were working. You weren’t working. Were you working?
He/ She/ It was working He/ She/ It wasn’t working. Was he/ she/ it working?
3
nd
3
rd
nd
They were working. They weren’t working. Were they working?
rd
Highlight the verb be (was/ were) and the -ing ending in every box.
Practise spelling:
wasn’t, …………………, ……………………, ……………………, ……………………,
weren’t, ……….…….……., ……..………….…, ….….…….………, ………..….………,
was + not = wasn’t
were+ not = weren’t
Study the exceptions in spelling: sit + -ing = sitting
travel + -ing= travelling
buy + -ing = buying
try + -ing = trying
dance + -ing = dancing lie + -ing = lying
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Exercise 4.9 Write down the -ing form of the following words. Mind the exceptions in spelling. 1. run - ………………………………………….. 2. make - ………………………………………. 3. swim - ………………………………………. 4. have - ……………………………………….. 5. travel - ……………………………………… 6. sit - …………………………………………… 7. die - ………………………………………….. 8. buy - ………………………………………….. Exercise 4.10 Fill in the gaps with was or were. 1. My mum ………………… cooking dinner. 2. Henry and Tom ………………… swimming in the sea. 3. Your father ………………… washing the car. 4. I ………………… reading a book. 5. You ………………… walking in the park. 6. My friends ………………… watching TV. 7. It………………… raining. 8. The dog ………………… barking. 9. The children…………………. playing the ball. 10. The cat …………………. lying on the sofa.
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Exercise 4.11 Make sentences in the past continuous. Follow the examples. Dan/ play/ the piano
They/ have/ lunch
+ Dan was playing the piano.
+ They’re having lunch.
- Dan wasn’t playing the piano.
- They weren’t having lunch.
? Was Dan playing the piano?
? Were they having lunch?
1. Fred/ drive/ home + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................ 2. The children/ talk/ about their school + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………........................................... 3. Lisa/ buy/ flowers + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................ 4. The dog/ lie/ in the sun + ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ? ……………………………………………………………………………………….............................................. 5. The students/ have/ a break + …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................... 6. Tim and Ken/ count/ their money + …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................... sixty-three | 63
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7.
We/ visit/ the castle
+ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................ 8.
The men/ swim/ in the river
+ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ? ………………………………………………………………………………………............................................
Present Continuous: Use We use the past continuous tense: a) for an action that was in progress at a stated time in the past. Helen was writing a letter to Jack yesterday at 7 o’clock. b) for two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past.
Key words: yesterday at 4 o’clock at this time yesterday / last week during while
While Helen was writing a letter, her sister was doing her homework.
NB! Remember that some verbs cannot be used in the continuous tenses (see page 28). Write them here: …………………….............. ……………………................. …………………….............. ……………………................ ……………………............. ……………………............... ……………………............. ……………………...............
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Exercise 4.12 The Browns were at home at 6 o’clock last evening. What were they doing? 1. Lisa/ feed/ the cat Lisa was feeding the cat at 6 o’clock last evening. 2. Alice/ paint/ a picture …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Mum/ make/ dinner …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Lucas and Ben/ watch/ Star Wars …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Dad/ sit/ in the kitchen ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 4.13 Imagine that you were present when these things happened. Ask and answer the questions using the past continuous tense. 1. The lights went out/ do my homework. A: What were you doing when the lights went out? B: I was doing my homework when the lights went out. 2. The storm broke/ work in the garden. A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The phone rang/ have my dinner. A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.
The burglar broke in/ sleep.
A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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NB! We often use the past simple and the past continuous together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: • the past continuous describes a longer action • the past simple describes a shorter action, which interrupted it. • we use when to introduce the past simple action • we use while to use the past continuous action
SCHEME I Past continuous + when + past simple I was reading a book when the phone rang. OR When + past simple + past continuous When the phone rang, I was reading a book.
SCHEME II While + past continuous + past simple While I was reading a book, the phone rang. OR Past simple + while + past continuous. The phone rang while I was reading a book.
SCHEME III While + past continuous, past continuous While Tom was reading, I was watching TV. OR Past continuous + while + past continuous. I was watching TV while Tom was reading.
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Exercise 4.14 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. Then underline the longer action. 1. We were cleaning (clean) the windows when it started to rain. 2. While I ……………………………………….. (walk) down the street, I saw an accident. 3. Mary ……………………………………….. (sit) in the garden when she heard a loud noise. 4. Mum ……………………………………….. (drop) a glass while she was washing dishes. 5. When Jane came in, Greg ……………………………………….. (have) dinner. 6. When I last ……………………………………….. (see) Henry he was talking to his mother. 7. Grandpa ……………………………………….. (fall) asleep while he was watching TV. 8. While I ……………………………………….. (ride) my bike, I hurt my leg. Exercise 4.15 Fill in the gaps with the past simple or the past continuous. Underline the key words. 1. Mum didn’t watch (not/ watch) TV last Sunday. 2. Two minutes ago our kitten ................................................ (play) with my pencil. 3. The police ............................................... (believe) their story. 4. I dropped my bag while I ................................................ (run) to catch the bus. 5. I ................................................ (not go) to the cinema yesterday. 6. They were driving too fast when they ................................................ (crash). 7. ............................................................ (the Smiths/ visit) Tallinn in 2011? 8. It was 8 o’clock in the morning and I ................................................. (have) breakfast in the kitchen. 9. Dad …………………………… (wash) the dishes while mum was cooking. 10. While I ………………………… (clean) my room, my sister was talking on the phone.
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SELF EVALUATION Exercise A Jack had a bad dream last night. All the words he had to learn were mixed up. Help him to find these words. The words are hidden ↑, → , ↓ and ↘. võistlema/ selgelt/ võimatu/ tüli/ eesmärk/ valmistuma/ mõjutama/ hulk
I A R G U M E N T P
L A C D O S B C K R
I M P O S S I B L E
K O I O M S G J D P
A U N U R P X G Q A
N N I A F F E C T R
H T V S M P F T Y E
L K I W Q S Z A E U
C H P U R P O S E B
Y L R A E L C Q K H
Write down the words you found: ……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
……………………………………,
Exercise B Translate the sentences using the expressions from Exercise 4.2. The number indicates the expression. 1. Ma õppisin ujuma suve lõpuks. (1) I learnt to ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Kas sa said koolis hästi hakkama? (3) Did you ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Mis on kooli peamine eesmärk? (5) What is the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Jack jäi eile haigeks. (6) Jack ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Unepuudus mõjutab sinu hindeid. (7) Lack ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68 | sixty-eight
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Exercise C Read the text. In every line one of the prepositions is missing. Put the stroke (/) between the words. Write the missing prepositions on the line given. Exercise 4.3 will help you. The main purpose / sleep is to give your body a rest to be
1. of
prepared the next day. Most kids don’t get enough sleep.
2. _______
They don’t want to go to bed time. There’s so much that
3. _______
competes their lives. However, we all need a break.
4. _______
Everybody is tired the end of the day. What time do you
5. _______
usually go to bed the evening? Do you think you get the
6. _______
right amount sleep? We all want to do well at school.
7. _______
Remember, sleep is important your memory and it also
8. _______
affects your marks school! A good night’s sleep helps you
9. _______
stay happy.
Exercise D Fill in the gaps with was or were. 1. Ann and Mary were doing their homework. 2. The boys ……………… listening to the music. 3. It ……………… snowing heavily. 4. The fire ……………… burning brightly. 5. The children ……………… watching cartoons. 6. Our parents ……………… doing the shopping. 7. My friend Alex ……………… talking to me. 8.
Our teacher ……………… correcting our tests.
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Exercise E Fill in the gaps with the correct reflexive pronoun from the box below. The underlined words will help you and the table page 59. myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
1. He must be proud of ……………………………….. . 2. They kept some apples for …………………………………. . 3. I can’t help you. You have to do it ……………………………… . 4. I always wash ………………………… with cold water every morning. 5. We have often done the same thing …………………………….. . 6. Did she see them …………………………….. . 7. Tom and Jim, go and talk to him …………………………… . Exercise F Form positive (+), negative (-) sentences or questions (?) in the past continuous tense. Henry/ read/ a newspaper + Henry was reading a newspaper. - Henry wasn’t reading a newspaper. ? Was Henry reading a newspaper? 1. Jenny/ sing/ a song ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The teacher/ talk/ about grammar + …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. Ann and Liz/ wait/ for the bus - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. You/ study/ for the test ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.
They/ travel/ around the world
+ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise G Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the verb in the past simple or continuous. Underline the key words. 1. At nine o’clock yesterday morning, he was waiting for the bus.
wait
2. He ……………………………… fast when the accident happened.
drive
3. We …………………………… dinner at home last night.
have
4. Jenny …………………………… five minutes ago.
leave
5. The doorbell rang while I …………………………………. a bath.
have
6. I ………………………………… the right answer.
not/ know
7. He …………………………. while he was playing tennis.
fall
8. While the girls …………………………, the boys were playing the ball.
draw
9. I …………………………… well last night.
not/ sleep
10. When I got home, mother ………………………………… dinner.
prepare
11. Bob …………………………… when I went wo see him last night
study
12. While mother ………………………… Sally with her homework,
help
father …………………………… my bike.
fix
Exercise H Speak about the importance of sleep. Today’s children have … There’s so much that … By the end of the day … Sleep is … If your body doesn’t get … You may find it difficult to … You may have an argument … The main purpose of sleep is … Growing children need … Children need ten to … Kids’ bodies … Sleep is important for … Lack of sleep … The right amount of sleep is …
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IRREGULAR VERBS I
II
III
be
was/ were
been
olema
beat
beat
beaten
lööma, peksma
become
became
become
(kellekski) saama
begin
began
begun
algama
bite
bit
bitten
hammustama
blow
blew
blown
puhuma
break
broke
broken
lõhkuma, katki minema
bring
brought
brought
tooma
build
built
built
ehitama
burn
burnt
burnt
põlema, põletama
buy
bought
bought
ostma
can
could
could
saama, võima, oskama
catch
caught
caught
(kinni) püüdma
choose
chose
chosen
valima
come
came
come
tulema
cut
cut
cut
lõikama
dig
dug
dug
kaevama
do
did
done
tegema
draw
drew
drawn
joonistama
drink
drank
drunk
jooma
drive
drove
driven
(autoga) sõitma
eat
ate
eaten
sööma
fall
fell
fallen
kukkuma
feed
fed
fed
toitma
feel
felt
felt
tundma
fight
fought
fought
võitlema
find
found
found
leidma
fly
flew
flown
lendama
forget
forgot
forgotten
unustama
get
got
got
saama
give
gave
given
andma
go
went
gone
minema
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grow
grew
grown
kasvama, kasvatama
hang
hung
hung
rippuma, riputama
have
had
had
omama
hear
heard
heard
kuulma, kuulama
hide
hid
hidden
peitma
hit
hit
hit
lööma
hold
held
held
hoidma, pidama
hurt
hurt
hurt
haiget tegema, saama
keep
kept
kept
hoidma, pidama
know
knew
known
teadma
lead
led
led
juhtima
learn
learnt
learnt
õppima
leave
left
left
lahkuma
lie
lay
lain
lamama
make
made
made
tegema
mean
meant
meant
tähendama
meet
met
met
kohtama, kohtuma
pay
paid
paid
maksma
put
put
put
panema
read
read
read
lugema
ride
rode
ridden
sõitma, ratsutama
ring
rang
rung
helisema, helistama
rise
rose
risen
tõusma, kerkima
run
ran
run
jooksma
say
said
said
ütlema
see
saw
seen
nägema
sell
sold
sold
müüma
send
sent
sent
saatma
shake
shook
shaken
rappuma, raputama
shine
shone
shone
paistma, särama
show
showed
shown
näitama
shut
shut
shut
sulgema
sing
sang
sung
laulma
sink
sank
sunk
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sit
sat
sat
istuma
sleep
slept
slept
magama
speak
spoke
spoken
rääkima
spend
spent
spent
veetma, kulutama
spread
spread
spread
levima, levitama
stand
stood
stood
seisma
steal
stole
stolen
varastama
tick
stuck
stuck
kleepima, kleepuma
sweep
swept
swept
pühkima
swim
swam
swum
ujuma
take
took
taken
võtma
teach
taught
taught
õpetama
tell
told
told
jutustama, rääkima
think
thought
thought
mõtlema
throw
threw
thrown
viskama
understand
understood
understood
mõistma, aru saama
wake
woke
woken
ärkama, äratama
wear
wore
worn
(seljas) kandma
win
won
won
võitma
written
kirjutama
write wrote
IRREGULAR PLURAL OF NOUNS a man
men
a woman
women
a foot
feet
a tooth
teeth
a goose
geese
a mouse
mice
a child
children
an ox
oxen
a fish
fish
a sheep
sheep
a deer
deer
a person
people
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NUMERALS
TABLE 3
CARDINAL
ORDINAL
1 one
1st the first
2 two
2nd the second
3 three
3rd the third
4 four
4th the fourth
5 five
5th the fifth
6 six
6th the sixth
7 seven
7th the seventh
8 eight
8th the eighth
9 nine
9th the ninth
10 ten
10th the tenth
11 eleven
11th the eleventh
12 twelve
12th the twelfth
13 thirteen
13th the thirteenth
14 fourteen
14th the fourteenth
15 fifteen
15th the fifteenth
19 nineteen
19th the nineteenth
20 twenty
20th the twentieth
21 twenty-one
21st the twenty-first
32 thirty-two
32nd the thirty-second
40 forty
40th the fortieth
44 -forty-four
44th the forty-fourth
90 ninety
90th the ninetieth
100 a/ one hundred
100th the (one) hundredth
103 a/ one hundred and three
103rd the (one) hundred and third
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Lesson 1 Practise
strange, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ..................... ghostly, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ...................... mystery, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ..................... appear, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... return, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... creepy, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ figure, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ scream, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ...................... with, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... friend, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... doesn’t, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ...................... Lesson 2 Practise
coast, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ..................... narrow, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .................. attract, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ...................... inhabitant, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .................. which, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... alive, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... starve, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... death, ..................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ reflection, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .................... their, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... dancing, ..................... , ....................., ....................., .....................
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Lesson 3 Practise
situate, .................... , ....................., ....................., ......................... biggest, .................... , ....................., ....................., ......................... official, .................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... different, .................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... residence, .................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... English, .................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ Great Britain, .................... ....................., .....................,............... famous, .................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... school, .................... , ....................., ....................., ............................ British, ...................., ....................., ....................., ........................ didn’t, .................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... Lesson 4 Practise
compete, .................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ social, .................... , ....................., ....................., ........................... clearly, .................... , ....................., ....................., ......................... impossible, .................... , ....................., ....................., .................... purpose, .................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ prepare, .................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... affect, .................... , ....................., ....................., .......................... amount, .................... , ....................., ....................., ....................... healthy, .................... , ....................., ....................., ........................ enough, .................... , ....................., ....................., .........................
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Step by Step For Students with Learning Difficulties. Based on Step by Step 4 By Margit Kariis and Mari Peets Koolibri Publishers Autor: Margit Kariis Retsensent: Pühajärve põhikooli inglise keele õpetaja Lembi Oja Joonistused: Karolin Linamäe Fotod: Shutterstock Küljendus: Anneli Kenk / Saara Kirjastus Töövihik valmis Rahvusvahelise DKG Ühingu Haridusfondi toel
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