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Hands-On
Unity 2020 Game Development Build, customize, and optimize professional games using Unity 2020 and C#
Nicolas Alejandro Borromeo FOR SALE IN INDIA ONLY
www.packt.com
Hands-On Unity 2020 Game Development Build, customize, and optimize professional games using Unity 2020 and C#
Nicolas Alejandro Borromeo
BIRMINGHAM—MUMBAI
Hands-On Unity 2020 Game Development Copyright © 2020 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Commissioning Editor: Pavan Ramchandani Acquisition Editor: Ashitosh Gupta Senior Editor: Hayden Edwards Content Development Editor: Akhil Nair Technical Editor: Deepesh Patel Copy Editor: Safis Editing Project Coordinator: Kinjal Bari Proofreader: Safis Editing Indexer: Priyanka Dhadke Production Designer: Shankar Kalbhor First published: July 2020 Production reference: 1270720 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-83864-200-6 www.packt.com
To Dad, who spoiled me with computers to help me keep learning – I miss you. Also, to my wife, for reminding me what I am capable of.
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Contributors About the author Nicolas Alejandro Borromeo is working as a Unity senior developer at Product Madness in London. He was a game development career coordinator at Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE) and has been a game development teacher in many other Argentine universities, such as UADE, UTN, UAI, and USAL, and in institutions such as Image Campus and DaVinci, since 2012. Nicolas has been a Unity Certified Instructor since 2019, teaching for high-profile Unity clients all around the globe. He was an MMO client-side developer at Band of Coders in Argentina and has been a Unity freelance developer since 2012.
About the reviewer Sungkuk Park is a game engineer based in Berlin. He has participated in multiple game jams around the world and has created indie games to polish his skills. He is currently interested in the area of technical art, mainly CG, animation, gameplay, and VFX. In his spare time, he spends most of his time learning new skills, including drawing, animation, and VFX, that might come in handy when he pursues his next goal: being a game director for the next gaming generation!
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Table of Contents Preface
1
Designing a Game from Scratch Game concept
14
The difficulty balance
22
Input controls Winning and losing
15 16
Difficulty balance questions Implementation plan
23 24
Game characters
17
Documentation
25
Hero Enemies
17 18
Gameplay
18
Game-world layout Starting condition Ending condition Point system HUD
19 20 20 21 21
Game Design Document (GDD) GDD formats GDD creation tools Elevator pitch A high concept Tips for creating GDDs
25 26 26 28 29 30
Summary
33
Installing Unity
38
Unity versions Installing Unity with Unity Hub
39 39
Creating projects
45
Creating a project Project structure
45 48
Summary
50
2
Setting Up Unity Why use a game engine such as Unity? 36 Past and present industry insight Game engines Positives of Unity
36 37 37
ii Table of Contents
3
Working with Scenes and GameObjects Manipulating scenes
52
Possible uses
69
The purpose of a scene The Scene View Our first GameObject Navigating the Scene View Manipulating GameObjects
52 53 54 55 56
Prefabs
70
Creating Prefabs Prefab-instance relationship Prefab variants
71 72 75
GameObjects and components
60
Saving scenes and projects
77
Components Manipulating components
61 62
Saving our changes Project structure
77 78
Object hierarchies
68
Summary
80
Parenting of objects
68
4
Grayboxing with Terrain and ProBuilder Creating a Landscape with Terrain
82
Discussing Height Maps Creating and configuring Height Maps Authoring Height Maps Adding Height Map details
82 84 87 90
Installing ProBuilder Creating a Shape Manipulating the mesh Adding details
Summary
93 95 96 102
106
Creating Shapes with ProBuilder 93
5
Importing and Integrating Assets Importing assets Importing assets from the internet Importing assets from the Asset Store
107 108 110
Integrating assets Integrating terrain textures Integrating meshes Integrating textures
116 116 119 121
Table of Contents iii
Configuring assets Configuring meshes Configuring textures
123 124 126
Assembling the scene
Summary
128
131
6
Materials and Effects with URP and Shader Graph Introducing Shaders
134
Shader Pipeline Render Pipelines and URP URP Built-in Shaders
134 137 139
Creating Shaders with Shader Graph
143
Creating our first Shader Graph asset
Using Textures Combining Textures Applying transparency Summary
144
148 157 161 163
7
Visual Effects with Particle Systems and VFX Graph Introduction to particle systems 166 Creating a basic particle system Using advanced modules
167 172
Creating fluid simulations
173
Creating a waterfall effect Creating a bonfire effect
174 176
Creating complex simulations with VFX Graph
178
Installing VFX Graph Creating and analyzing a VFX Graph Creating a rain effect
179 181 185
Summary
189
8
Lighting Using the Universal Render Pipeline Applying lighting Discussing lighting methods Configuring ambient lighting with skyboxes Configuring lighting in URP
Applying shadows Understanding shadow calculations Configuring performant shadows
192 192 197 202
205 206 210
Optimizing lighting
213
Understanding static lighting 213 Baking lightmaps 214 Applying static lighting to static objects 221
Summary
224
iv Table of Contents
9
Fullscreen Effects with postprocessing Using postprocessing Setting up a profile Using basic effects
Using advanced effects
226 226 229
Advanced effects
Summary
232
242
232
10
Sound and Music Integration Importing audio Audio types Configuring import settings
Integrating and mixing audio
243 244 245
Using 2D and 3D AudioSources Using an Audio Mixer
Summary
250 254
259
250
11
User Interface Design Understanding Canvas and RectTransform
263
Creating a UI with Canvas Positioning elements with RectTransform
265
Canvas objects types
268
Integrating assets for the UI
263
Creating UI controls
Creating a responsive UI Adapting objects' positions Adapting objects' sizes
Summary
275
282 283 286
290
268
12
Creating Animations with Animator, Cinemachine, and Timeline Using skeletal animations with Animator 292 Understanding skinning Importing skeletal animations
292 295
Integration using Animation Controllers 299
Table of Contents v
Creating dynamic cameras with Cinemachine 305 Creating dolly tracks
309
Creating cutscenes with
Timeline Creating animation clips Sequencing our intro cutscene
Summary
313 313 317
322
13
Introduction to Unity Scripting with C# Creating C# scripts
324
Initial setup 324 Creating a MonoBehaviour-based class 327 Adding fields 330
Using events and instructions
Events and instructions Using fields in instructions Common beginner errors
Summary
333 337 338
341
333
14
Implementing Movement and Spawning Implementing movement Moving objects through Transform Using Input Understanding Delta Time
Implementing spawning
344 344 348 353
Spawning objects Timing actions Destroying objects
Summary
355 363 367
368
355
15
Physics Collisions and Health System Configuring Physics Setting shapes Physics Object types Filtering collisions
Detecting collisions Detecting Trigger events Modifying the other Object
370 370 373 377
380 381 383
Moving with Physics Applying forces Tweaking Physics
Summary
386 386 388
391
vi Table of Contents
16
Win and Lose Conditions Creating Object Managers Implementing the Singleton design pattern Creating Managers with Singleton
394 394 398
Creating Game Modes 402 Improving our code with events 406 Summary 413
17
Scripting the UI, Sounds, and Graphics Scripting the UI Showing information in the UI Programming the Pause menu
Scripting feedback Scripting visual feedback
416 416 423
Scripting audio feedback Scripting animations
Summary
432 434
437
428 428
18
Implementing Game AI for Building Enemies Gathering information with sensors Creating Three-Filters sensors Debugging with Gizmos
Making decisions with FSMs Creating the FSM
440 440 446
450 450
Creating transitions Executing FSM actions Calculating our scene Pathfinding Using Pathfinding
Adding final details Summary
452 456 457 459
462 467
19
Scene Performance Optimization Optimizing graphics Introduction to graphic engines Using Frame Debugger Using batching Other optimizations
470 470 472 474 477
Optimizing processing Detecting CPU- and GPU-bound Using the CPU Usage profiler General CPU optimization techniques
481 481 484 488
Table of Contents vii
Optimizing memory Memory allocation and the garbage collector
490 491
Using the Memory Profiler
Summary
495
499
20
Building the Project Building a project Debugging the build Debugging code
501 506 507
Profiling performance
510
Summary
512
Release Post-release
520 521
Summary
522
Creating a simple AR game
545
21
Finishing Touches Iterating your game Testing and feedback Interpreting feedback
Releasing your game Pre-release
513 514 516
518 518
22
Augmented Reality in Unity Using AR Foundation Creating an AR Foundation project Using tracking features
Building for mobile devices Building for Android Building for iOS
524 524 528
536
Spawning the Player and Enemies 546 Coding the Player and Enemy behavior 549
Summary
554
readers know what you think
557
536 542
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Index
Preface I still remember that moment of my life when I was afraid of telling my parents that I was going to study game development. At that time and where I was, that was considered a childish desire by most parents, and a career with no future, but I was stubborn enough to not care and to follow my dream. Today, game development is one of the biggest industries, generating more revenue than even the film industry. Of course, following my dream was more difficult than I thought. Sooner or later, people chasing this particular dream have to face the fact that developing games is a difficult task that requires a deep level of knowledge in different areas. Sadly, most people give up due to this difficulty level, but I strongly believe that with proper guidance and tools, you can make your career path easier for you to follow. In my case, what helped me to flatten the learning curve was learning using Unity. Welcome to this book about Unity 2020. Here you will learn how to use the most recent Unity features to create your first video game in the simplest way possible. Unity is a tool that provides you with powerful but easy-to-use features to solve the most common problems in game development, such as rendering, animation, physics, sound, effects, and so on. We will be using all those features to create a simple but complete game, learning all the nuances needed to handle Unity. By the end of this book, you will be able to use Unity in a way that will allow you to start studying in depth that area of game development that you are interested in starting your career in, or that will simply allow you to create hobby games just for the joy of doing it. Unity is a versatile tool that can be used both in professional and amateur projects, and every day it is being used by more and more people. It is worth mentioning that Unity can be used to create not only games but any kind of interactive app, from simple mobile apps to complex training or education applications (known as serious gaming), using the latest technologies, such as augmented and virtual reality. So, even if we are creating a game here, you are starting a learning path that can end in lots of possible specializations.
Hands-On Unity 2020 Game Development Over the years, the Unity game engine has extended its scope from just being about creating video games to building AR/VR experiences, complex simulations, real-time realistic rendering, films, and serious games for training and education. Its features for implementing gameplay, graphics, and customization using C# programming make Unity a comprehensive platform for developing professional-level, rich experiences. With this book, you'll be able to build impressive Unity projects in a step-bystep manner and apply your knowledge of Unity concepts to create a real-world game. Complete with hands-on tutorials and projects, this easy-to-follow guide will show you how to develop your first complete game
using a variety of Unity tools. As you make progress, you'll learn how to make the most of the Unity Editor and create scripts using the C# programming language. This Unity game development book will then take you through integrating graphics, sound, and animations and manipulating physics to create impressive mechanics for your games. You'll also learn how to code a simple AI agent to challenge the user and use profiling tools to ensure that the code runs in a performant way. Finally, you'll get to grips with Unity's AR Foundation for creating AR experiences for 3D apps and games. By the end of this book, you'll have developed a complete game and will have built a solid foundation using Unity's tooling ecosystem to develop game projects of any scale.
Things you will learn: •
Write scripts for customizing various aspects of a game, such as physics, gameplay, and UI
•
Create rich particle systems for your Unity games from scratch using VFX Graph and Shuriken
•
Program rich shaders and effects using Unity's new Shader Graph and Universal Render Pipeline
•
Add animations to your game using the Animator, Cinemachine, and Timeline
•
Implement postprocessing to increase graphics quality with full-screen effects
•
Implement game artificial intelligence (AI) to control character behavior
•
Detect and fix optimization issues using profilers and batching
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