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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
ri n g y t S s e m Ja im s T s a l o h c Ni
Capel e t t e n n A : itor Series Ed
! e r a p Pre
K O O B S ’ T STUDEN
Level 4
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org/elt Cambridge English Language Assessment www.cambridgeenglish.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521180276 © Cambridge University Press and UCLES 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the publishers. First published 2015
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-18027-6 Student’s Book ISBN 978-1-107-49785-6 Student’s Book and Online Workbook ISBN 978-0-521-18028-3 Workbook with Audio ISBN 978-0-521-18029-0 Teacher’s Book with DVD and Teacher’s Resources Online ISBN 978-0-521-18030-6 Class Audio CDs ISBN 978-1-107-49782-5 Presentation Plus DVD-ROM The publishers have no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and do not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but the publishers do not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
Contents Personal profile In fashion Culture Homes around the world 3 My way of life 4 Champions PE Sports training 1 2
Review 1
Take a good look 6 Modern life Culture Meeting and greeting 7 Getting on 8 Going away Geography Our world 5
Review 2
Shop till you drop 10 Taste this! Culture What I eat 11 A healthy future 12 Incredible wildlife Science Ecosystems 9
Review 3
Moods and feelings Watch it, read it Culture World cinema 15 Digital life 16 Wish me luck! Maths Units 13 14
Review 4
Skills and talents 18 The world of work Culture Special training schools 19 The written word 20 Puzzles and tricks Biology The eye 17
Review 5 Pairwork Word profiles Vocabulary list Grammar reference List of irregular verbs
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10 14 18 20 24 28 30 32 36 40 42 46 50 52 54 58 62 64 68 72 74 76 80 84 86 90 94 96 98 102 106 108 112 116 118 120 122 129 138 158
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
UNIT
VOCABULARY 1
READING
GRAMMAR
1 Personal profile page 10
Describing people, e.g. bald, teenage
Three friends and their profiles EP Word profile right
Present simple and continuous
2 In fashion page 14
Things to wear, e.g. jacket, unfashionable
Fashion and music EP Word profile kind
Past simple
Culture Homes around the world page 18
3 My way of life page 20
Life events, e.g. get a driving licence, get married
Teenage life EP Word profile get
Comparatives and superlatives not as … as
4 Champions page 24
Sports, e.g. athletics, gymnastics, do, go and play + sport
Jess’s blog EP Word profile way
Past continuous
PE Sports training page 28
Review 1 Units 1–4 page 30
5 Take a good look page 32
People and action verbs, e.g. catch, clap EP Word profile take
Caught on camera...
Past simple and continuous
6 Modern life page 36
City life, e.g. pollution, public transport
Eco heroes EP Word profile light
some/any, much/many, a lot of, a few/a little
Culture Meeting and greeting page 40
7 Getting on page 42
be, do, have and make EP Word profile like
Troublespot
have to and must should
8 Going away page 46
Travel, e.g. baggage hall, departure gate
A cool city! EP Word profile around
Future: be going to and present continuous
Geography Our world page 50
Review 2 Units 5–8 page 52
9 Shop till you drop page 54
Money and shopping, e.g. change, checkout
Help! I just can’t stop shopping! EP Word profile change
Present perfect
10 Taste this! page 58
Food and drink adjectives, e.g. disgusting, juicy EP Word profile really
Ollie, don’t eat that!
Present perfect and past simple, How long? and for/since
Culture What I eat page 62
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
VOCABULARY 2
WRITING
Verbs, e.g. want, know
An online profile
Adverbs, e.g. quickly, fast
too, not enough
In fashion
Life events
A story (1)
Take a look!
Listening An interview Speaking Agreeing and disagreeing
Modern life
An informal letter or email (2)
Listening Travel writing competition Speaking Making suggestions
Phrasal verbs: travel, e.g. check in, set off
been and gone
Listening A discussion about the past Speaking Talking about yourself
Listening Photo of the week Speaking Describing a past event
Compounds: noun + noun, e.g. speed limit, tourist information
Phrasal verbs: friendships, e.g. fall out, hang out
VIDEO
An informal letter or email (1)
Words with different meanings, e.g. coach, point
myself, yourself, each other
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
A story (2)
look, taste, smell
Listening Food and cooking Speaking Ordering fast food
Taste this
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
UNIT
VOCABULARY 1
READING
GRAMMAR
11 A healthy future page 64
Health and illness, e.g. ankle, earache
We will live for 1,000 years EP Word profile for
will and be going to
12 Incredible wildlife page 68
Animals, e.g. ant, penguin
Animals: interesting, unusual and imagined EP Word profile still
Modals of probability, e.g. might, could
Science Ecosystems page 72
Review 3 Units 9–12 page 74
13 Moods and feelings page 76
Adjectives: feelings, e.g. confused, stressed
The worst day of the week EP Word profile time
just, already and yet
14 Watch it, read it page 80
TV, films and literature, e.g. action film, historical drama
Matt’s blog EP Word profile hope
Relative clauses
Culture World cinema page 84
15 Digital life page 86
Computing phrases, e.g. download podcasts, share links
Choosing an app EP Word profile turn
Present simple passive
16 Wish me luck! page 90
Verb + noun, e.g. blow out candles, break a mirror
Just luck? EP Word profile luck
Zero and first conditional
Maths Units page 94
Review 4 Units 13–16 page 96
17 Skills and talents page 98
Creative lives: nouns, e.g. sculpture, studio
Who are the real artists? EP Word profile own
Reported commands
18 The world of work page 102
Work, e.g. firefighter, journalist
I’m in charge EP Word profile go
Second conditional
Culture Special training schools page 106
19 The written word page 108
Magazines, e.g. article, headline
Has it been a good year for you? EP Word profile mean
Reported speech
20 Puzzles and tricks page 112
Puzzles, e.g. mystery, solve EP Word profile mind
Tricks of the eye
Past simple passive
Biology The eye page 116
Review 5 Units 17–20 page 118
Pairwork page 120
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
VOCABULARY 2
WRITING
Illnesses and injuries: verbs, e.g. catch a cold, feel sick
An online comment
An informal letter or email (3)
Listening Interview – Why do we believe in luck? Speaking Describing a picture (2)
A biography
Jobs
An online review
Listening People talking about favourite possessions Speaking Talking about a special object
make and let
Word profiles page 122
Luck
Talented
Listening Understanding problems Speaking Discussing options
Suffixes: -er, -or, -ist, -ian, e.g. director, journalist
say, speak, talk and tell
Moods and feelings
Listening Going to the cinema Speaking Reaching agreement
if and unless
Adjectives: -al and -ful, e.g. natural, successful
Healthy future
Notes and messages
Easily confused words, e.g. accept/except
Phrasal verbs: technology, e.g. switch on, turn off
VIDEO
Listening Podcast about animals at work Speaking Describing a picture (1)
Adverbs of probability, e.g. definitely, probably
Adjectives: -ed or -ing, e.g. disappointed, surprising
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Vocabulary list page 129
Grammar reference page 138
List of irregular verbs page 158
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
Welcome to Prepare! Learn about the features in your new Student’s Book a
2
READING
In fashion
b of rock‘n’roll! had their own music for the In the 1950s, young people actually and exciting, and teenagers first time: rock‘n’roll. It was lively it. So what did they wear? Some wanted new fashions to go with of their favourite singers like Buddy teenage boys followed the style smart suits with narrow ties. Holly and Elvis Presley. They wore Marlon Brando and James Dean, Others copied film stars such as Teenage girls wore wide skirts and wore jeans and leather jackets. to rock‘n’roll music! which looked great when they danced Bands such as the 2 In the 1960s, things changed quickly. popular. Fashionable became Beatles and the Rolling Stones and ‘mini skirts’. The dresses short very wore young women 1960s was also the time older generation was shocked! The c people were interested in of the hippie movement. Young to make the world ideas of peace and love, and wanted had long hair and wore a better place. Many young men trousers. wide very and shirt loose sandals, some kind of was loud and angry, 3 The punk music of the 1970s and 80s Punks didn’t want to and the trends matched the music. wanted to shock be well-dressed or fashionable. They that they didn’t like the people, and they wanted to show clothes that fashion industry. They bought second-hand hair in colourful and looked old and dirty, and wore their unusual ways. music called 4 In the 1980s and 1990s, black American Hip hop stars world. the over hip hop became popular all trainers, and often a wore loose tracksuits, or jeans with fast cars. They loved to cap. They sang about money and wore lots of gold – rings, show how rich they were, so they called this ‘bling’. necklaces, that kind of thing. They
Your profile
1
What are you wearing today? What fashions do you like?
b
recognise 1.05 Look at the photos. Do you box can you see? the people? What things in the Listen and check. necklace boots cap jacket jumper suit pocket raincoat sandals tights sunglasses sweatshirt tie top tracksuit trainers
2
three 1.06 Listen to an interview with about the teenagers, Ashley, Kelly, and Luke, the questions. clothes they like wearing. Answer 1 Whose clothes are quite loose? ? 2 Whose clothes are tight but comfortable 3 Who doesn’t like smart clothes? 4 5 6 7
3
c
Whose jeans are narrow? new? Who is wearing something brand clothes? Who isn’t interested in fashionable Who is very well-dressed today?
Match the adjectives below to exercise 2. badly dressed unfashionable
d
their opposites in
casual uncomfortable second-hand tight wide
badly-dressed – well-dressed
4
by talking about you, your life and the unit topic
people fashions just for teenagers. Young Before the 1950s, there were no listened clothes as their parents, and they usually wore the same kinds of all that changed with the beginnings to the same kinds of music. But
a
VOCABULARY Things to wear
1
Your profile Start each unit
FA S H I O N AND M U S I C
e
Answer the questions. 1 What do you usually wear at
f
each paragraph
1
Read the article quickly. Match to a photo.
2
the correct Read the article again. Choose answers. 1 Before the 1950s, teenagers … A didn’t listen to music very much. adults. as music B listened to the same boys … 2 In the 1950s, a lot of teenage A joined rock’n’roll bands. stars. pop the to similar clothes B wore … 3 In the 1960s, a lot of young men A didn’t like sandals. B grew their hair long. 4 In the 1970s, punks wanted …
the weekend? 2 What types of clothes do you never wear? Why? 3 Do you prefer smart clothes or casual clothes? Why? 4 Which colours or clothes look good on you?
3
d
Word profile Focus on
Match the highlighted words in meanings. 1 2 3 4 EP
the article to the
fashions when there is no war clothes a way of arranging hair or designing age a group of people of about the same
Word profile kind They listened to the same kinds of
music.
They wore lots of gold – rings, necklaces, that kind of thing.
They wore some kind of loose shirt.
page 122
A to be very fashionable. B to look different. singers liked … 5 In the 1980s and 1990s, hip hop A wearing jewellery. B driving fast cars.
Talking points
“
over time? Why do you think fashions change differently to Why do young people like to dress their parents and grandparents? Video extra
14
Talking points Give your
GRAMMAR Reported commands
Unit 2
1
opinion on the topic in the text
Corpus challenge Take the grammar
2
GRAMMAR
continuous or Make sentences with the present be going to. 0 we / visit / Turkey one day We’re going to visit Turkey one day. 1 I / get / the bus at 6.45 pm / tonight 2 I / cycle / to your house next time
3
the rules with Read the examples. Then complete . be going to or present continuous museums. 1 We’re going to visit some of the 2 We’re leaving on Saturday. it! 3 Trust us – you’re going to love
1
We use the: to talk about future plans and a reference arrangements, usually with a time (for example, next week, in August). for things we intend to do some time b in the future. when we predict things that we know c are likely.
3 4 5 6
4
town meet some friends hang out in watch a football match go shopping study visit my grandparents go online
2
Complete the rules with to or not.
Complete the reported commands. Use the reporting verbs in brackets.
3
0 Mum: ‘Help in the kitchen, please.’ Mum asked them to help in the kitchen.’ (ask) 1 Karen: ‘You mustn’t touch my things!’ Karen me her things. (warn) 2 Police officer: ‘Stop!’ A police officer us . (order) 3 Anna: ‘You must be more careful.’ Anna him more careful. (tell) 4 Sara: ‘You shouldn’t worry so much.’ Sara her so much. (advise) 5 Diane: ‘Come on! Let’s go!’ Diane us . (persuade) 6 Lulu: ‘Don’t hand the work in late.’ Lulu us the work late. (remind)
2
Taylor Swift was born in 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania. As a child, she lived on her family’s Christmas tree farm. She became very interested in country music at the age of nine and she often travelled 200km to New York for singing lessons. Then, as soon as she learnt to play the guitar, people started noticing her talent. She was only 12! In 2004, her family moved to Nashville, the centre of country music in the US, because they wanted to help her career. By the time Taylor was 16, her first album was already successful. Her songs were popular with fans of both pop and country music, and her second album Fearless (2008) was both a country and a pop hit. Nowadays, Taylor enjoys the life of an international celebrity, but she is also keen to use her success to help other people. In 2010, she paid for an education centre in Nashville.
Complete the questions using adjectives formed from the nouns in the box. Then ask and answer the questions. culture music
environment help stress tradition
1 Can you cook any dishes from this region? 2 Can you play any instruments, or aren’t you terribly ? 3 Are you worried about issues like global warming? 4 Do you like TV shows about art and literature? 5 What’s the most advice you’ve ever received? 6 Have you been in any situations recently? What was happening?
2
Read the Prepare box, then read the biography again. What interesting facts do you learn about Taylor Swift?
4
Prepare to write A biography When you write a biography, include: • interesting or unusual facts about the person. • important dates from the person’s life. • information about what the person did at different ages: As a child, … At the age of …, As soon as he / she …, By the time he / she was …, Nowadays, …
3
spaces. What kind of information Read the notes and look at the is needed for each space?
How many important dates are mentioned in the biography? What happened in each year?
5
Complete the sentences about someone’s age with one word in each space. 1 He left home the age of 14. 2 She got married soon she was 21. 3 He started playing football a young child. 4 , she’s a well-known guitarist. 5 the he started at college, he was already in two bands. You are going to write a biography. Choose a famous person or someone you know. Plan your biography and make some notes. Here are some ideas to help you. • • • •
6
When was he/she born? What are the important dates in his/her life? What are his/her main achievements? What interesting facts do you know about him/her?
Write your biography. • Use the tips in the Prepare box. • Write about 100 words. • Don’t forget to check your spelling and grammar.
the competition: World Explorer Name of company running First prize : Trip to (1) Length of trip: (2) (3) environment, people and What you must mention: to write: (4) Maximum number of words n: (5) Closing date of competitio (6) What to send with the article:
notes. 1.27 Listen and complete the
4
correct 1.27 Listen again to check, and
a staying at home b visiting another place 2 They set off at 9.30 this morning. a left a hotel b started a journey 3 When are you getting back? a arriving in another place
1
weekend? What are What do you usually do at the you planning to do next weekend?
2
their 1.28 Listen to two friends planning to do? weekend. What do they decide listen again. 1.28 Read the Prepare box. Then Which phrases do you hear?
2
verbs from Complete the questions with phrasal exercise 1. for school every morning? 1 What time do you in the school from 2 What time do you
any mistakes.
SPEAKING Making suggestions
Ask and answer the questions
4
activities Work in pairs. Choose three possible in the box or your for this weekend. Use the ideas own ideas. go shopping go to the beach meet in a café
go skateboarding go to the park watch a sports match
s Prepare to speak Making suggestion Suggesting ideas Why don’t we …? What about …? How about …? We could … Agreeing with ideas That’s a good idea. That sounds great!
Disagreeing with ideas I’m not sure. The problem with that is … … might be a better idea. Making a decision Yes, let’s do that.
afternoon? or stay at home in the 3 Do you usually holidays? from your most recent 4 When did you holiday? Where did you go to?
3
with teenagers like you
.
Compare answers with your partner.
3
3
101
Video Watch interviews
Travel Writing Competition
correct meanings Read the sentences. Choose the of the phrasal verbs. 1 We’re going away this weekend.
Ali:
the biography and check your ideas.
Unit 17
Competition details
b returning 4 What time did the plane take off? a leave the ground b arrive after a fight am. 5 We’re going to check in at 11 a arrive at a hotel or for a flight b reserve a hotel or a fight
Unit 8
Look at the photo. What do you know about Taylor Swift? Read
Skills and talents
the student’s
VOCABULARY Phrasal verbs: travel
48
Complete the sentences with adjectives formed from the nouns. 1 The exhibition at the new gallery is very . (colour) 2 I love the countryside here. It’s really . (peace) 3 That’s a really idea. (origin) 4 Ouch! Don’t touch my leg. It’s still quite . (pain) 5 My brother laughs a lot. He’s very . (cheer) 6 The articles aren’t at all . (politics)
Grammar reference page 154
3
100
to a My best friend Amy is going to moved new house next year.
I’m really looking forward to Barcelona. (have) a great time. We 1 (you / do) in Barcelona? What 2 Jess: 3 (look) at the Gaudí buildings. Mrs Malik: We while And it’s Barcelona Fashion Week 4 (go) shopping! we’re there, so we (not walk) around the What? I 5 Ali: (visit) the Picasso shops! I 6 7 (do) a tour of the Museum and I Nou Camp.
2
Report the commands. Use reporting verbs from exercise 3. 0 A thief to his friend: ‘Don’t move!’ The thief warned his friend not to move. 1 A teacher to her students: ‘Don’t forget your homework on Monday.’ 2 A man to his son: ‘Pass the salt, please.’ 3 A girl to her brother: ‘Get out of my room!’ 4 A woman to her daughter: ‘Do your homework soon.’ LISTENING 5 A taxi driver to his passenger: ‘Don’t get out yet.’ like to get around Would photo. 1 Look at the 6 Ayou boy to his friend: ‘Why don’t we go to the cinema? on skis? Why? / Why not?Come on! There’s a new movie you’ll love!’
Corpus challenge Find and correct the mistake in sentence.
1
Read the examples and answer questions a–b. 1 He’s a busy professional footballer. 2 She’s also a successful songwriter. 3 They aren’t natural writers. a Which part of speech (verbs or nouns) do we use to make adjectives with -al and -ful? b What spelling changes do you notice in one of the adjectives?
1
VOCABULARY Adjectives: -al and -ful
‘Please write these books about your life.’ ‘Don’t write any books, thanks.’ ‘You mustn’t discuss anything with the press!’ ‘You must discuss this with the press!’ ‘You shouldn’t be a stunt double!’ ‘You should be a stunt double!’ ‘Don’t do the easy jobs.’ ‘Do the easy jobs, please.’
4
A: What are you doing next weekend? I’m going to buy B: I’m going shopping on Saturday. some new jeans.
n with the 1.26 Complete the conversatio the verbs. correct form of be going to and Then listen and check.
1
1 a b 2 a b 3 a b 4 a b
WRITING A biography
Find and correct the mistake in the student’s sentence.
He said to me to look at the picture.
they / not buy / a new TV we / walk / home after school today The sky is dark and cloudy. it / rain we / not catch / the 5.30 train / tomorrow
arrangements Make notes about your plans and in pairs. for next weekend. Discuss them
Grammar reference page 145
15
Read the examples and choose the correct commands, a or b. 1 A publisher convinced him to write an autobiography. 2 They ask writers not to discuss anything with journalists. 3 A film-maker advised him to be a stunt double. 4 He usually tells them to do the easy jobs.
We report: a positive commands using a reporting verb + object pronoun + infinitive. The teacher ordered us to be quiet. b negative commands using a reporting verb + object pronoun + + to infinitive. The teacher reminded us not to talk.
Prepare to write Learn useful tips
Future: be going to and present continuous
”
In fashion
Corpus challenge
walkthrough
challenge and learn from common mistakes
to help you plan and check your writing
the different meanings of important words and phrases
5
in exercise 2.
agree what to do. Discuss the three activities and box. Use phrases from the Prepare
Prepare to speak Learn useful words
Going away
49
and phrases for effective communication
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-18027-6 – Cambridge English Prepare! Level 4 James Styring and Nicholas Tims Consultant Editor Annette Capel Frontmatter More information
Biologe Cultur y Xx eye The 1
Do you know the names of any parts of the eye?
2
In pairs, do the quiz.
3
2.34 Listen and check your answers.
4
2.34 Can you remember? Answer the questions. Then listen again and check. 1 How is the eye different from other parts of the body? 2 How many planets should humans be able to see from Earth? 3 How many blind people are there in the world? 4 Where were glasses probably invented? 5 What vitamin helps your eyes? 6 How often do cats blink?
Eye
didn’t know that!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Culture
quiz below. Look at the place names in the 1 Where are these places? your language? Which? 2 Are any of the names similar in
2
In pairs, read the quiz and guess
3 4
your answers to the quiz.
5
Answer the questions. do you use when you meet people? 1 Which of the greetings in the quiz in your country? 2 What other greetings are common or unusual? Why? 3 Which greetings do you find surprising Can you answer them? 41. page on Look at the questions
6
Read the article quickly and check
7
In Turkey,116 Watch out! ns head mea shaking the the ple move ‘yes’. Peo a and make head back ue their tong click with for ‘no’.
the answers.
check 1.23 Listen to the interview and
2
People in some areas of France kiss times when they meet. friends C eight A four
5
6
3
three times In Zambia, people when they meet an older person. C clap A shake hands
40
Four hundred years ago in Poland, people when they met someone important. A grabbed their hat B lay on the ground C threw flowers
Some people, dogs and cats have got different amounts of melanin in each eye. This means they have different-coloured eyes!
When were glasses first used?
A in the 13th century B in the 16th century C in the 18th century
Which of these foods can improve your sight?
A beef B carrots C cheese
How many times do people blink in a minute? A 5 B 15 C 25
Do you notice that people sometimes have red eyes in photographs? When a photo is taken, the eye sees the very bright light of the camera flash, but the pupil hasn’t got time to get smaller. So a lot of light from the flash goes into the eye. The red colour we see in photographs is actually blood, inside the eye.
Project
Key words sweat the salty liquid that comes through your skin when you are hot, nervous or ill gland a part of the body that makes liquids sneeze when you sneeze, air suddenly comes out of your nose and mouth in a way you cannot control tear the liquid that comes from your eye when you cry melanin a chemical which controls the colour of our eyes and skin
Key words short-sighted describes people that can only see things that are close to them but not far away long-sighted describes people that can only see things that are far away but not close blink open and close both of your eyes quickly
Which group blinks the most often? A children B adults C cats
Why do people nod and shake their head?
people nod to mean ‘yes’ and shake the head their head for ‘no’. Nodding and shaking and our may come from when we were babies often nod their mothers were feeding us milk. Babies milk and shake heads forward when they want more more. want don’t they when their heads
Do a survey about eyes in your class. Use these questions and your own ideas. Then design a webpage with the results of your survey. Use charts and graphs to present the information. How many students … 1 have got a) brown eyes, b) blue eyes, c) green eyes, or d) eyes of another colour? 2 have had an eye test at an optician’s? 3 are a) short-sighted or b) long-sighted? 4 wear a) glasses or b) contact lenses? 5 sneeze when they suddenly see bright light? 6 can blink less than five times in a minute? 7 eat more than ten carrots a week?
Project Work together
Puzzles and The tricks eye
117
to expand your learning
Why do people bow?
When you bow, you show the back People bow as a sign of respect. In the past, people only bowed if of your neck to the other person. to kill them. Bowing used to they trusted the other person not common in Asia. be common in Europe and it is still
are many In Japan, there e know types of bow. Peopl to use in exactly which bow Informal different situations. the but bows are just 15°, are 45°! most formal bows
Until a hundred years ago, the Chinese used to ‘kowtow’ to important people. A kowtow is the most respectful bow of all: it starts as a bow, then the person gets down on their knees, with their head on the floor.
Why do people do high-fives?
The Maori people of New Zealand to say ‘hello’. C sing A touch noses
the The high-five started in the US in 1950s. It is a hand-clap that sports people used for celebrating. These days, it is a greeting, as well as for your celebrating. The ‘high’ is because hand is up. The ‘five’ is because there are four fingers and one thumb on
In Ghana and Cameroon, when people shake hands, they often pull . and click the other person’s C nose A ear
your hand.
B middle finger
7
B scream
4
RED EYE
Is it more common for teenagers to be shortsighted or long-sighted? A short-sighted B long-sighted
B fight
B six
EYELASHES protect the eye from light, dirt and dust. There are about 150 eyelashes at the top of your eye and about 80 eyelashes at the bottom.
What percentage of the world’s population is blind?
In most places, Biology Culture
Nice To Meet You is the most popular greeting internationally. C Raising your A Kissing eyebrows B Shaking hands
The PUPIL is a hole in the eye. This is where light goes into the eye. In the dark, or when there isn’t much light, your pupils are larger. This lets more light through the pupil. When there is a lot of light, for example on a sunny BLUE-EYED BABIES day, your pupils are smaller. The colour of your eyes is decided by Have you ever noticed your parents’ eye colour. However, young this? babies have often got blue irises. This is because eye colour comes from MELANIN and when babies are born, they haven’t got much melanin.
A about 0.6% B about 1.6% C about 6%
hands when they agreed something, Hundreds of years ago, people shook were life was more dangerous and knives not as a greeting. In those days, wasn’t hands to check the other person common. People probably shook only jacket. Shaking hands as a greeting hiding a knife in the sleeve of their more recently in and Europe, in ago years became popular two hundred other places.
your ideas.
EYELIDS protect the eye from bright light, dirt and dust. When we blink, our eyelids clean our eyes and move the dirt to the corner of our eyes.
EYE CHOO!
Read the text on page 117 and answer the questions.
Why do people shake hands?
sentences correct or incorrect? Read the article again. Are the Correct the incorrect sentences. to mean ‘no’. 1 In most countries, people nod more milk. 2 Babies shake their heads to get heads to mean ‘yes’. 3 People from Turkey shake their to find out if 4 In the past, people shook hands someone was carrying a weapon. from another person. 5 People bow to ask for respect the most formal. 6 In Japan, the lowest bows are for celebrating. 7 The high-five is no longer used
1
If you look at the sky on a clear night, how far can the human eye see? A about 25 kilometres B about 25,000 kilometres C about 25 billion kilometres
EYEBROWS stop sweat from our foreheads from getting into the eyes. Under the eyebrows is a tear gland. It produces tears. The corner of each eye is connected to our nose. What happens to your nose when you cry?
The coloured part of the eye is called the IRIS. Everyone’s irises are different, so in some airports you can use your iris instead of a passport or identification card!
All mammals blink when they see a bright light. But do you sneeze when you go from a dark room to a very bright room? About 25% of people do this, but we don’t know why!
Which part(s) of your body … 1 cleans the eyes? 2 contains something called melanin? 3 is where tears are made? 4 helps to stop dirt getting into your eye? 5 is joined to the eyes? 6 sometimes looks a different colour in photos?
WHY DO PEOPLE …?
Meeting and greeting
1
5
How much does an eye weigh?
A 8 grams B 80 grams C 800 gram
Our eyes are always moving, collecting light and sending messages to the brain.We use them whenever we are awake.When we think of other people and places, we often ‘see’ a picture in our brain. Even when we are asleep, we ‘see’ dreams!
This is a picture of the ‘shaka’ greeting. The shaka comes from . C Sweden A Hawaii
walkthrough Project
B New York City
8
Then write some advice for a Think about greetings in your country. in your country. foreign visitor about greetings customs old friends, new classmates, • How do you greet different people – of the family, and so on? teachers, people in shops, members different situations? Is it the same • What greetings do you use in age make a difference? for men and women? Does a person’s
In some islands in Papua New Guinea, people point at their stomach and when they meet. A smile B wave C hold their nose
Culturw Revie e1
Culture
Meeting and greeting
41
Corpus challenge
Xx Units 1–4
6
VOCABULARY 1
4
1 What’s wrong? You look miserable. You’re usually very c on Fridays. 2 Diana’s very polite. She’s never r . 3 ‘Is Jacob shy?’ ‘No, he’s quite c .’ 4 It was careless of you to lose your phone again. You need to be more c with your things. 5 Marcus is really friendly today. He can sometimes be quite u !
2
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Describing someone’s hair c f d
Clothes: nouns j s j
Clothes: adjectives c s t
Sports c g
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Choose two correct words for each verb. 1 play 2 get 3 go 4 leave 5 have
30
) and complete the lists.
m b
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GRAMMAR
Write the opposite adjectives.
table tennis volleyball cycling surfing born married university a degree ice hockey swimming squash windsurfing home children married school children teenage confident long hair
5
Complete the conversations. Use the present simple or continuous, or the past simple or continuous. 1 A: I (spend) a lot of time on homework at the moment. B: Me too. Last term, we (not have) as much work. 2 A: (you / have) food at your party last week? B: Of course. My mum always (make) some stuff. Everyone (love) her cooking. 3 A: I thought your brother’s cap was cool yesterday. Where (he / buy) it? B: What? My brother (not wear) a cap yesterday. That was my cousin. 4 A: I really (enjoy) that film last night. B: Me too. But it was so sad. My sister and I (cry) at the end. 5 A: (you / go) swimming next Saturday? B: No. I (usually / go) swimming on Saturdays, but the pool (be) closed at the moment. 6 A: You (not call) me last night. B: No, sorry. I (watch) a movie all evening. It was really good!
7
Read the text and choose the correct word for each space.
Claudia Fragapane, GYMNASTICS GOLD
The tiny gymnastics star Claudia Fragapane is 0 A 1.38 metres tall. But this 1 16-yearold has aimed high! In 2014, she 2 the first English woman in 84 years to 3 four gold medals at the Commonwealth Games. This was just her second competition at senior level, so her 4 are amazing. 5
the Commonwealth Games, Claudia’s parents had a surprise party for her, and around 300 people 6 to celebrate her success. There was a big cake, but Claudia didn’t have 7 time to eat any because she was busy talking to everyone!
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1 It’s cheaper to buy fashionable clothes these days. These days, fashionable clothes aren’t they were in the past. 2 These shoes are too small for me. These shoes aren’t for me. 3 It isn’t warm enough for a barbecue. It’s cold for a barbecue. 4 These jeans are tighter than the other pair. The other jeans tight as these ones. 5 I haven’t got a warmer jacket for skiing. This is jacket I’ve got for skiing. 6 The shoes in this shop aren’t as good as in the shop next door. The shoes in the shop next door in this shop. 7 The other boots on this website aren’t as expensive as these ones. These are boots on this website. 8 I need a warmer coat than this one. This coat isn’t for me.
Tick the two sentences without mistakes. Correct the mistakes in the other sentences. I’m writing to tell you about one of my friends. We are having fun when we are together. I go camping with my friends last weekend. We choosed to go to the cinema. He is my old brother. We play football together but I am not as good as him. We were going to the beach every day. We couldn’t go to school because a tree blocked the road.
She is now preparing for future gymnastics events, 8 wants to help children in her local gym as well. She still trains in Bristol, the city in the west of England 9 she lives. She has two 10 , Helen Potter and Rory Weavers, who are both very proud of her.
0 A only 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Culture 1 Review Champions Units 1–4
31
Look through your book and do the quiz with your partner. 1 What is the topic of Unit 17? 2 In which unit can you find a photo of a dolphin? 3 In which unit can you read about Barcelona? 4 In which unit can you find out about the story Frankenstein? 5 Can you find a famous Brazilian footballer? Who is he? What page is he on?
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Contents Personal profile In fashion Culture Homes around the world 3 My way of life 4 Champions PE Sports training 1 2
Review 1
Take a good look 6 Modern life Culture Meeting and greeting 7 Getting on 8 Going away Geography Our world 5
Review 2
Shop till you drop 10 Taste this! Culture What I eat 11 A healthy future 12 Incredible wildlife Science Ecosystems 9
Review 3
Moods and feelings Watch it, read it Culture World cinema 15 Digital life 16 Wish me luck! Maths Units 13 14
Review 4
Skills and talents 18 The world of work Culture Special training schools 19 The written word 20 Puzzles and tricks Biology The eye 17
Review 5 Pairwork Word profiles Vocabulary list Grammar reference List of irregular verbs
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10 14 18 20 24 28 30 32 36 40 42 46 50 52 54 58 62 64 68 72 74 76 80 84 86 90 94 96 98 102 106 108 112 116 118 120 122 129 138 158
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1
Personal profile
VOCABULARY Describing people
4
Your profile
1.03 Read the descriptions of Ali, Matt and Jess, and choose the correct words. Then listen and check.
What do you look like? What type of person are you?
1
1.02 Look at the photos and listen to three people talking about someone in their family. Who is each speaker describing?
Ali’s family
1 Ali’s really polite / careless. He always says hello at the start of lessons. He’s quite clever too. He usually does well in tests. 2 My brother’s called Matt. He borrows my things without asking. He thinks he’s funny / polite, but he doesn’t make me laugh! 3 Jess is very friendly / miserable. She lives opposite us and she always says hello. She looks after our cat when we’re on holiday. 4 Matt talks a lot – like his mum! He’s sometimes a bit confident / careless. I always encourage him to check his homework, but he doesn’t do it! 5 Jess is a great friend. She’s always smiling, and she’s never miserable / polite. She really makes me laugh. 6 Ali knows what he’s good at, so he’s quite careless / confident. But he can also be quite a lazy person. His room’s always a mess!
Matt’s family
Jess’s family
2
5 Add the words to the table. Add other words that you know.
careful serious
attractive bald curly dark fair good-looking in his/her twenties/thirties straight teenage Age Looks
attractive
Hair
3
Describe someone in the photos. Can your partner guess who it is?
Match the adjectives below to their opposites in exercise 4. cheerful rude shy unfriendly
6
Which adjectives in exercises 4 and 5 describe you?
7
Work in pairs. Describe someone in your class. Describe what they look like, and what kind of person they are. Can your partner guess who it is? A: She’s got straight hair and she’s very confident. B: Ana?
A: He’s a teenage boy and he’s good-looking. B: Is it Matt? 10
Unit 1
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READING 1
1 2 3 4
sometimes does the same thing all weekend? would like to do a new activity? wants someone to help with something? knows how to do something but would like to do it better? 5 would like to go to another country? 6 might get a prize soon?
Read the information about part of a school website. What is it? Have you got something similar in your school? all.about.me @ Bryans High School.com Would you like to meet people who share your hobbies and interests? It’s easy with all.about.me. 1 Go to www.bryansschool.com/allaboutme and create an account. 2 Post a photo and your profile. 3 Click on ‘Connect’ to connect with new friends.
2
Read the three profiles again. Who ...
4
Match these texts to Matt, Ali or Jess. Then answer the questions. Choose A, B or C.
1 Young Game Designers’ Competition! Open to all teens Closing date September 30 Entry fee £5
Ali, Matt and Jess have posted information on all.about.me. Match their profiles to the activities.
What does this text say? A You can enter a computer game in this competition for free. B Children of 12 and under can take part in the competition. C The competition wants all entries by the end of September.
designing computer games visiting film studios kite surfing
Hi! I’m Jess. I live with my mum and dad. My friends say I’m a cheerful person. They’re right. I enjoy having a laugh with them. In my free time, I love sport, especially tennis. I’m having lessons this term, because I want to learn how to play properly. This year I’d like to try something completely different, maybe a winter sport or even an extreme sport like kite surfing. Next month, I’m staying at an adventure centre with my youth club, so I guess we’ll try something different there. I’m good friends with Matt and Ali in my class. I live right opposite Matt, so I see him a lot. Connect Hi guys! I’m Ali Malik. I live with my parents and my brother and sister in a flat. Some of my classmates think I’m quite serious. I like doing things well and getting good marks. Out of school, I always have fun with my friends. My main interest is computers – I love them! I’m designing a computer game right now but I need to ask my uncle about it - he’s a computer programmer. I’m taking part in the Young Game Designers competition. My mum believes I can win! Connect EP
Word profile right I live right opposite Matt.
2 Are you free on Saturday afternoon? There’s an extra film on then and I know it’ll make you laugh! I’ve got a spare ticket, so text me today. Fran
What is Fran doing in this message? A asking someone to buy a cinema ticket for her B inviting someone to watch a comedy film with her C telling someone about a movie she has just seen
5
Who would you most like to spend the afternoon with – Matt, Ali or Jess? Why?
Hello! My name’s Matt. I live with my mum, dad, my little brother and my sister Alyssa. If you’re feeling miserable, then I’m the right person to call! People think I’m very funny. As for my free time, I’m keen on watching films – comedies, adventure, animated films – it doesn’t matter. I like them all! I sometimes spend all day Saturday and Sunday watching them. This year, I want to visit a film studio. There’s one near London where they made the Harry Potter films. You can actually visit it. My dream is to fly to Hollywood and see a studio there! Connect
Talking points
My friends say I’m a cheerful person. They’re right. I’m designing a computer game right now. page 122
“
Some people think teenagers have too much free time. Do you agree? Is it important to have the same interests as your friends? Why? / Why not?
”
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Corpus challenge
GRAMMAR Present simple and continuous 1
Match the examples to the rules. 1 I’m designing a computer game right now. 2 Next month, I’m staying at an adventure centre. 3 I sometimes spend all day Saturday and Sunday watching films. 4 I’m having lessons this term. 5 I live with my parents. We use the present simple for: a facts. b something that happens regularly.
Find and correct the mistake in the student’s sentence.
We are going out together every week.
VOCABULARY Verbs: want, like, love, know
1
Read the information about the verbs. Check the meaning of verbs you don’t know. We don’t use these verbs in continuous forms: believe, hate, know, like, love, mean, need, own, prefer, understand, want I don’t understand these maths questions. NOT I’m not understanding these maths questions.
We use the present continuous for: c something that is happening right now. d temporary situations. e future arrangements. Grammar reference page 138
2
Choose the correct verb forms.
2
1 I get / ’m getting home at five o’clock every day. 2 Macy spends / is spending a lot of time online this week. 3 Look at Dan. He doesn’t concentrate / isn’t concentrating. 4 Do you do / Are you doing anything interesting next weekend? 5 She plays / is playing the guitar and the piano. 6 He always goes / is going swimming on Saturdays.
3
Look at the sentences in exercises 1 and 2. Complete the table with the time words/phrases. at the moment/right now never, sometimes, always every day/week/year this month/term/week later, tomorrow on Saturdays next week/weekend/month Present simple Present continuous
4
at the moment/right now
Make six sentences about you. Use the time words and phrases in exercise 3.
Complete the sentences with the positive or negative form of the verbs above. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. My uncle owns three cars. Ruby’s very friendly. We really her. I how old he is. He looks about 14. What this word ? I studying alone. I can’t concentrate with other people around. 5 I’m always miserable in winter. I cold weather. 6 Sorry. I when you speak very quickly. 0 1 2 3 4
3
1.04 Complete the conversation with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs. Then listen and check.
Amy: Come on, Lottie! We 0 ’re leaving (leave) soon. Are you ready? Lottie: Yeah. I 1 (get) my things ready now. Can you give me five minutes? Amy: Yes, but I 2 (not like) being late. The class 3 (start) at seven o’clock. Lottie: I 4 (know), and we always 5 (catch) the bus at six thirty. There’s plenty of time. Amy: But they 6 (do) work on the roads at the moment, so the buses are all late. Lottie: OK. I’m nearly ready. I just 7 (need) to do my hair. Amy: Your hair? Lottie, we 8 (go) to the swimming pool!
At the moment, I’m having an English lesson. I play football on Saturdays.
5
Make questions with the present simple or present continuous. Then ask and answer them. 1 2 3 4
12
what / you / usually / do / on Sundays? what subjects / you / study / this year? what TV programmes / you / watch / every week? what / you / do / after school / today?
Unit 1
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WRITING An online profile 1
Read the two online profiles. Which person is most like you? Why? I’m Tom, but my online name is Snowy – my hair is very blond! I’m British, but I’m living in the USA right now. I go to Carson High School in Boston.
USERNAME Snowy AGE 13
I’m very friendly, and I think I’m quite intelligent. Some people disagree, of course! I’m into music, especially rock. And I’m really into computers too. I’m learning to write computer programs at the moment – it’s not easy!
MEMBER SINCE January 2015 NUMBER OF POSTS 79
USERNAME Vogue
My name’s Felicity, but everyone calls me Flic. I’m from Australia. My hobbies are fashion, fashion and fashion – especially from the 1960s. Oh, and I also love music. I’m learning to play the drums at the moment. They’re very loud!
AGE 14 COUNTRY Australia
I’m fairly confident, but sometimes I’m a bit careless with my school work. My friends say I’m cheerful and friendly. Oh yes, and they think I’m really good-looking (of course!).
MEMBER SINCE March 2014 NUMBER OF POSTS 349
2
Read the Prepare box. What phrases do Tom and Flic use to introduce themselves?
5
1 2 3 4
Prepare to write An online profile In an online profile: • introduce yourself: I’m … , My name’s … • talk about your hobbies and interests: I’m interested in … , I’m into … , My hobbies are … • say what you’re learning at the moment: At the moment I’m … , Right now I’m … • say what kind of person you are: I’m very/quite … , My friends say I’m … , Sometimes I’m a bit … • don’t be too serious!
3
Look at the underlined verbs in the profiles. Answer the questions. 1 What verb form do Tom and Flic use for their likes and dislikes, and things they do regularly? 2 What verb form do they use for things they’re doing at the moment?
4
Look at the highlighted adverbs in the profiles. Add them to the table. Make adjectives stronger
Complete the sentences to make them true for you. I’m very … I’m fairly … Sometimes I’m a bit … My friends say I’m really …
6
How do Tom and Flic show they aren’t too serious?
7
Make notes for your online profile. Use the ideas to help you. • • • • •
8
My name Facts about me What I’m like Hobbies and interests Things I’m learning at the moment
Write your online profile. • Use the tips in the Prepare box. • Use adverbs to make adjectives stronger and weaker. • Don’t forget to check your spelling and grammar.
Make adjectives weaker
very
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