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10 Success stories addressing climate change in OACPS Countries
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CLIMATE SUPPORT 10 Success stories addressing climate change in OACPS Countries
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TEN STORIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE IN OACPS COUNTRIES Photo @Flickr, by Meg M Edwin
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INTRODUCTION Climate change is a challenge for the entire world, increasing the frequency, intensity and impacts of extreme weather events, such as severe storms, floods and droughts. African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries are disproportionately affected by climate hazards such as sea level rise, increased temperatures, anderratic rainfall. This is despite their collective marginal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. Because these countries are more exposed and sensitive to these impacts and generally have less capacity and resources to adapt, they are more vulnerable. This leads to new threats that disrupt agriculture and food security and exacerbate existing development problems while hindering poverty reduction.
The Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme is an initiative of the Secretariat of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) that funds technical assistance to support regions and 79 countries in the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions. In some cases, such as in Côte d’Ivoire and Kenya, the technical assistance has contributed to the establishment of an institutional framework and an adequate legal basis for the implementation of a long-term climate programme. In Haiti, Benin, and Côte d’Ivoire, we have provided assistance to enable local stakeholders to integrate climate change adaptation into the updated NDC. In other cases, such as Mauritius and Comoros, our support helped these states access additional international funding and technical support, moving
© OACPS Secretariat 2022 Reproduction is authorized, provided the source is acknowledged. Credit for photography that illustrates this report: @Shutterstock, @GCCA+ and @Flickr
the process forward. Elsewhere, such as in Uganda and Namibia, for example, our consultants have built capacity and knowledge on climate change through learning and research programmes. These ten stories are a representative sample of the technical assistance provided to the OACPS regions. We invite you discover other success stories on the following page of our website: https:// intraacpgccaplus.org/success-stories/ We hope that this booklet will support the replication of successful experiences and the dissemination of best practices and techniques that promote greater resilience to climate risks, as well as the development and implementation of an advocacy, communication, and outreach strategy and plan.
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TABLE OF CONTENT 1 TANZANIA - PEMBA ISLAND
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UGANDA
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2 CÔTE D’IVOIRE - NDC
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
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3 CÔTE D’IVOIRE - FINANCE
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HAïTI
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4 NAMIBIA
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KENYA - ISIOLO COUNTY
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5 BENIN
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10 MAURITIUS - THE COMORES
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PRIORITY AREAS All the interventions carried out under the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility revolve around nine (9) priority areas. These priority areas cover a set of topics related to fighting climate change, improving countries and communities resilience and protecting the environment. They provide a guiding framework which ensures that the support provided on the ground through the CSF is closely aligned with national priorities of OACPS Member States, the Paris Agreement and the Sustainale Development Goals (SDGs) towards climate-resilient, low-emission development.
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR)
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ACP EXPERTISE
REDUCTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
NDC COMMUNICATION, VISIBILITY AND AWARENESS RAISING
NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
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1. TANZANIA CLIMATE SMART WOMEN
Photo @Flickr, by Meg M Edwin
ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ON PEMBA ISLAND – TANZANIA Salma Zaharan, from Kiongoni village on Pemba Island, became a permaculture practitioner thanks to the EU-funded Scalable Resilience: Outspreading Islands of Adaptation (SROIA) project, implemented between 2015 and 2019. Through this project, she and around 10 thousand women learned to grow a wide variety of fruit and vegetables to feed their families and sell in the market. According to Ms Zaharan, “women were not allowed to participate in any development activity until recently.” Tanzania ranks 140 out of 189 countries in the United Nations Gender Inequality Index. In rural areas such as Kiongoni, with food and water shortages exacerbated by the negative impacts of climate change, women are burdened by these challenges and their traditional household responsibilities of caring for children, providing food and collecting water. Siti Makame, an expert in agriculture and the first person certified in permaculture in Pemba, has been an inspiring mentor to women farmers. She has played a vital role in women’s
economic empowerment, helping them to increase their income and economic independence while improving their families’ nutrition. In 2018, to tackle unequal access to enterprise opportunities and gendered market barriers women faced to sell their products, the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility (CSF) backed the development of a Gender Responsive Enterprise Curriculum, encompassing financial management, business planning, and marketing. Despite growing sellable produce, women were discouraged from being at the markets, making it a more complex and indirect process. This curriculum, successfully deployed in the late stages of the SROIA project, addressed market barriers for women (i.e. access to land, primary responsibility for child care, etc.), covering basic business education and growing climate smart enterprises. During final SROIA evaluations, 88% of beneficiaries reported increased income, illustrating continued engagement in and success of climate
adaptive livelihood innovations. Also, the proportion of female beneficiaries who earned and controlled their own income increased to 59%, and will now be scaled up through the new Zanzibar Value Web, Horticulture, and Income Growth (VIUNGO) project, designed to better enable women to earn income from horticulture activities.
Key alliances to access the market Developing Zanzibar’s horticultural enterprise ecosystem also required close collaboration with investors, processors, exporters, and buyers to overcome persistent barriers to growth such as a lack of bankable projects, inadequate quality assurance and insufficient supply volumes. The IntraACP GCCA+ CSF provided Community Forests Pemba with the relevant tools to build entrepreneurship competencies, and visibility to approach other partners and projects, such as the Europe-AfricaCaribbean-Pacific Liaison Committee for the Promotion of Tropical Fruits, OffSeason Vegetables, Flowers, Ornamental
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Plants and Spices (COLE ACP), a network supporting sustainable horticultural trade between African, Caribbean and Pacific exporters such as Zanzibar and associated EU importers.
FACTBOX – TANZANIA – WOMEN’S CLIMATE SMART BUSINESSES
Additionally, the climate-smart marketing strategy and action plan, developed through this facility, supported Community Forest Pemba in engaging several large companies and institutions occupying critical market segments. Links were established between local producers and local and global brands which sell natural products, such as 1001 Organic / Zanj Spice Ltd. and Burlap & Barrel.
• 10 000 women farmers have built more than 200 kitchen gardens across Pemba Island, growing a wide variety of fruits and vegetables to feed their families and sell at the market.
This project shows that empowering rural women economically creates cross-cutting benefits by improving child education, nutrition, and climate change resilience. Thanks to a comprehensive one-on-one and targeted group training, led by women, and a Gender Responsive Enterprise Curriculum, women were endowed with the knowledge, resources and self-confidence to overcome barriers, develop businesses, and prosper alongside their families and countries.
• The SROIA action involved 32 communities and reached 33 601 direct beneficiaries, of which 17 162 (51%) were women.
• 50% of the women who participated in the project stated that they obtained total control over their income, well above the national average. • This project has been celebrated internationally in an award-winning documentary titled Kokota:
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COMMUNITIES INVOLVED
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DIRECT BENEFICIARIES
The Islet of Hope. The documentary was developed and translated into 5 languages through the Intra-ACP GCCA+ CSF. It has been shown in 35 international film festivals and won 7 awards. It is now on the National Geographic website, with more than 725 thousand views online. • An apex farmers’ organization was recently incubated, several high-level international trade missions were organized, and the construction of the first small-scale solar spice processing plant on Pemba Island was funded in preparation for the EU funded flagship agricultural programme AGRI-CONNECT: Supporting value chains for shared prosperity, started in 2020.
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KITCHEN GARDEN INSTALLED BY
10,000
WOMEN FARMERS
+50% OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS FINANCIALY SELF-RELIANT THANKS TO THE PROJECT
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
COMMUNICATION, VISIBILITY AND AWARENESS RAISING
Photo @GCCA+
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2. COTE D’IVOIRE FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NDCs
Photo @Flickr, by Meetin’ the world
A POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TO IMPLEMENT THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION – CÔTE D’IVOIRE Côte d’Ivoire’s Sustainable Development Orientation Bill, adopted by the National Assembly in 2014, called for the establishment of an institutional framework to implement the climate agenda, including the creation of a national climate agency and a national climate fund. The National Climate Change Response Strategy for 20152020 supported this mandate, and also required mainstreaming climate change into development policies; enhancing climate knowledge and capacity building; improving and promoting mitigation and adaptation measures; encouraging R&D and technology transfers; working on disaster risk reduction; and mobilising climate funds. In addition, the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), ratified in 2016, prioritised the adoption of a legal and regulatory framework for its implementation and monitoring, as well as the establishment of an institutional framework and mobilisation of financing
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from various sources, including the private sector.
prepare the three-day workshop which took place in March 2019.
In an effort to update the Sustainable Development Orientation Bill to provide an adequate legal basis for the Response Strategy and the NDC, the Intra-ACP GCCA+, through its Climate Support Facility, provided technical assistance to the Ivorian Ministry of Health, Environment and Sustainable Development to prepare the ground for a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework for climate action.
The deliverables were validated in 2021 by a technical inter-ministerial committee set up by the Ministry of Health, Environment and Sustainable Development to ensure quality control. The committee found that results met the beneficiaries’ highest expectations, setting the tone and pace for real progress in implementing the NDC and achieving resilience and adaptation to climate change throughout the nation.
The assignment included preparing a new climate change bill along with its implementing decrees; carrying out a feasibility study for the creation of a national climate agency and climate fund; and organising a training workshop on climate change theory. Beginning in June 2018, five local experts worked with stakeholders from the public and private sectors for a little over a year to produce the bill and the feasibility study, and to
“Today, Côte d’Ivoire can be proud of its brand-new climate change bill, a major instrument in our current situation”, says UNDP Project Manager Agré Richmond Assie. “We now know what institutional options are available to reinforce our resistance to climate change (…) Integrating the rural towns was an innovative approach that allowed for the compilation of a wider range of data to inform the decision-making process.”
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FACTBOX – COTE D’IVOIRE: A FRAMEWORK TO IMPLEMENT THE NDC • Technical Assistance implemented over a one-year period (11/06/18 – 04/07/19). • Deliverables prepared by five local experts, including a jurist, experts in public administration, climate financing and climate change, and a training consultant. • New climate change bill with its two implementing decrees (one for the national climate agency and one for the climate fund), drafted in consultation with the beneficiary parties. The draft climate law is expected to be submitted to the Government General Secretariat for approval by the end of 2022.
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PARTICIPANTS OF GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS TO THE CLIMATE CHANGE WORKSHOP
• The creation of the climate agency and climate fund will follow the approval of the climate law. It is expected to be operational by 2024. • 39 participants in the three-day training workshop on climate change theory, including representatives of Ministries and government agencies in charge of health, environment and sustainable development, agriculture, natural resources, waste management, energy, disaster risk management and other climate-related areas; national development funds, programmes and projects; local institutions; the business sector; and civil society organisations.
ELABORATION OF A PROPOSAL FOR A NATIONAL LAW ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND OUTLINE OF ITS IMPLEMENTING DECREES
EASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL CLIMATE AGENCY AND NATIONAL CLIMATE FUND
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
Photo @Flickr, Aga Khan Foundation
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
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3. COTE D’IVOIRE CLIMATE-RELATED FINANCING
HELPING CIVIL SOCIETY TO MOBILISE FINANCING FOR ACTION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE – CÔTE D’IVOIRE The impact of climate change on the daily lives of rural populations in Côte d’Ivoire is increasingly evident in diminishing resources and reduced productivity, as a result of shorter rain seasons, higher temperatures, longer droughts and more damaging floods, wildfires, and deforestation. The Federation of Networks and Associations for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (FEREADD, for its acronym in French) is a platform of civil society organisations that works to foster the participation of Ivorian civil society in the protection of natural resources and the environment, the promotion of sustainable development, and the fight against climate change. FEREADD requested support from the Intra-ACP GCCA+ programme to help train members of civil society in the mobilisation of climate-related financing for state and private actions against climate change.
The resulting intervention, called ‘Support for the mobilisation of climaterelated financing by Ivorian civil society to sustain state and private action in the fight against climate change’, provided capacity building through training in project development, and included the preparation of a concept note for a project on climate-smart agriculture, along with the identification of potential donors such as the World Bank and the West African Development Bank (BOAD). Two training workshops were organised in 2018 and 2019, one on applying the theory of change to climate action planning and monitoring, with 36 participants from public institutions and CSOs; and the second one on climate project development, with 47 participants. The second workshop led to the preparation of a concept note presenting a project on climatesmart agriculture. This concept note was validated by the stakeholders at a
seminar held in May 2019, where the FAO pledged technical assistance for the development of the project. FEREADD has since met with representatives of the World Bank and of the BOAD as a step towards mobilising financing for the project. Ivorian CSOs are now better equipped to understand and act on climate issues, prepare climate-related projects, and access funding for those projects. This intervention has created room for CSOs to participate in decision making and establish links with government bodies, international organisations and donors. Indeed, the project proposal to be developed based on the concept note prepared at the workshop was endorsed by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, and the request for financing will be submitted to the World Bank by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
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FACTBOX – COTE D’IVOIRE: MOBILISING FINANCE TO SUPPORT ACTION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE • 36 participants from public institutions and CSOs were trained in the application of the theory of change to climate action planning and monitoring. • 47 participants from CSOs were trained in climate project development. • Links with potential donors established (World Bank, BOAD, FAO). • 5,000 households will benefit from the climate-smart agriculture project, involving 20,000 hectares and a contribution of close to 30 million euro over a 5-year period. • 130+ people from public institutions, CSOs and the private sector were involved in the development of the national climate law and national climate agency and fund process carried out under the CSF.
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PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PARTICIPANTS TRAINED
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CSOs PARTICIPANTS TRAINED
5,000
HOUSEHOLDS BENEFICIARIES
130+
STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ACP EXPERTISE
Photo @Flickr, Aga Khan Foundation
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4. NAMIBIA CLIMATE ADAPTATIVE AQUACULTURE
SCALING UP FISHERIES PRODUCTION THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AND CLIMATE-RESILIENT AQUACULTURE – NAMIBIA Fishery stocks in Namibia are subject to pronounced natural fluctuations due to the general instability of the oceanographic environment and to climate change. Some fish populations have completely broken down over a period of time and changes in species composition have been observed. To avoid food shortages and food insecurity, the country must be ready to adapt and respond to environmental and climatic variations. Even though Namibia is one of the driest countries in the world, it has the potential for tremendous growth in both marine and freshwater aquaculture. For this reason, the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme, in partnership with the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources of Namibia, supported the development of environmentally
sustainable, climate-resilient inland fisheries and freshwater aquaculture in Northern Namibia, through technical assistance and a capacity building programme. The technical support, which spanned from October 2018 to June 2019, enabled national institutions to design and deliver high-quality and effective training, in practical and forwardlooking aquaculture and fisheries options. This has helped local fishermen and fish farmers face climate change challenges, in line with Namibia’s Fifth National Development Plan (NDP5) 2017/18 – 2021/22, the National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2013 – 2020, the Namibia Zero Hunger Strategy, Vision 2030, and the Harambee Prosperity Plan.
Through the training, participants explored opportunities such as the ones brought by rains which are flooding previously dry lands where tons of freshwater fish can be produced by stocking water and practicing aquaculture. The training sessions also contributed to the development of Climate Adaptive Fish Farm Management Plans with protocols at Government fish farms, and led to the conception of two integrated aquaculture project proposals to enhance the food security and income generation of rural inhabitants. In addition, one study on climate proof infrastructure redesign and four research proposals emanated from the training. The studies will allow mass production of fish under controlled environmental conditions and the optimisation of fish feed production.
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FACTBOX – NAMIBIA – CLIMATE ADAPTATIVE AQUACULTURE • 37 representatives of government institutions trained on the development of sustainable, climate-resilient inland fisheries and freshwater aquaculture. • Two project concept notes produced: 1) Climate adaptive integrated fish culture with water efficient drip irrigation; and 2) Development of Inland Culture-based Fisheries in Namibia. • One study carried out on climate proof infrastructure redesign. • Four research proposals emanated from the training: 1) Mass production of fish under controlled environment conditions; 2) Investigating the right time to administer Diflubenzuron insecticide to fertilised water in order to optimise the production of Rotifers; 3) Production of zooplankton as live feed for African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fry;
and 4) Search for sexually reproducing populations of Artemia salina in Namibia. • This initiative also contributed to the identification of local sources of Artemia or brine shrimp to feed the African catfish, since tests showed that the survival rate of the species reaches 95% when this crustacean is used. As a result, links were established between the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources and a private supplier of Artemia, as it is not readily available in Namibia. The catfish were previously fed with boiled eggs, but their survival rate was only 1%. • Overall, this initiative has contributed to the main objective of the Namibian National Aquaculture Master Plan to raise freshwater output to 4,000 tonnes per year, as well as to increase marine aquaculture production tenfold, from 525 tonnes in 2015 to 5,500 tonnes, by 2023.
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REPRESENTATIVES OF GOVERNMENT TRAINED
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RESEARCHS INVESTIGATED
95%
POTENTIAL INCREASE IN SURVIVAL RATE OF FISH CULTURE
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
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5. BENIN SUPPORTING CLIMATE RESILIENCE STRATEGY
Photo @Flickr, Rudi Verspoor
BENIN ON TRACK TO IMPLEMENT ITS LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Benin is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change, ranking 155th out of 188 nations in 2018. Benin’s temperatures are expected to rise by 2.6°C to 3.27°C by the year 2100, and changes in rainfall patterns and intensity will further exacerbate droughts and floods in the country. Benin has made significant efforts to address climate change impacts through the adoption of policies and the implementation of various projects. It has adopted a series of strategic documents that include the 2008 National Adaptation Programme of Action, the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC, 2021), and the 2016-2025 Low-Carbon and ClimateResilient Development Strategy. The Intra-ACP GCCA+ programme provided technical assistance and
capacity building to the Ministry of the Living Environment and Sustainable Development to develop an action plan and improve national capacity to mobilise resources for the implementation of the Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient Development Strategy and the NDC. As a result, three concept notes were developed and submitted to the Global Climate Fund (GFC) to obtain resources for the implementation of two climate change adaptation projects and one on climate change mitigation, as follows: 1. Strengthening resilience to climate change in cattle farming in Benin (adaptation). 2. C onstruction of two multi-purpose dams in SASSIRO and KPAMALANGOU and improvement of the resilience of
communities in the Upper Ouémé watershed in Benin (adaptation). 3. S trengthening sinks and reducing carbon emissions through the sustainable management of classified forest resources in the municipalities of Djougou, Copargo, Kouandé, Pehunco and Natitingou (mitigation). The two climate change adaptation projects will contribute to achieve the strategy’s goal of strengthening the resilience of local communities and economic production systems, by increasing the availability of water resources, especially during dry periods, and adopting measures to enhance food security. The climate change mitigation project will contribute to the strategy’s objective of sequestrating at least 163 million tonnes of CO2eq by 2030.
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FACTBOX – BENIN – CLIMATE RESILIENCE • One action plan for implementing the Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient Development Strategy. • 56 members of public institutions and civil society organisations were consulted and received technical assistance to develop full bankable projects. • Two concept notes on adaptation projects and one on mitigation were developed. • The 2016-2025 Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient Development Strategy will address the impacts of climate change on the country’s most vulnerable sectors: agriculture, water resources, energy, forestry, infrastructure, tourism and health.
• Based on a participatory and inclusive approach involving different actors (public institutions, private sector, civil society), Benin’s NDCs will make it possible to contain the increase in global warming below 2 degrees Celsius, placing the country’s progress in the fight against climate change by 2030 at the levels recommended by the international community. • To realise its ambitions to mitigate greenhouse gasses and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change, the Republic of Benin will need a global financial envelope of around 27 billion euro, of which the Government of Benin would contribute 2.32 billion between 2021 and 2030.
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REPRESENTATIVES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATION CONSULTED
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VULNERABLE SECTORS TO CLIMATE CHANGE SELECTED UPDATED NDC’S OBJECTIVE: GLOBAL REDUCTION OF
48,75
MT CO2EQ BY 2030 (EXCLUDING FORESTRY)
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
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6. UGANDA - CLIMATE CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY’S LEARNING AND RESEARCH PROGRAMMES Uganda has mostly a tropical climate characterised by stable rainfall patterns. However, the effects of climate change have turned the seasons around, with the country experiencing harsher floods and droughts – especially in the east and northeast. Average temperatures in Uganda have increased by 1.3°C since the 1960s. Due to rising temperatures, the permanent ice caps of the Rwenzori Range shrank by 49% between 1987 and 2003, and they are projected to disappear by 2040. All this is having profound implications on the availability of water resources, subsistence activities, and the epidemiological profile of the country. In fact, an increase in pests and diseases has been reported in the districts, not only in livestock and crops, which has lowered productivity; but also in people, who are suffering from new outbreaks of malaria and cholera. Aware of this situation, Uganda’s Government has particularly focused on addressing climate change challenges and on reducing vulnerability to protect
its economy and the livelihoods of its population, which is 80% dependent on rainfed agriculture. Uganda submitted its Nationally-Determined Contributions to the UNFCCC in 2016, in support of the country’s efforts to comply with the Paris Agreement and realise its National Climate Change Policy (2015) and development goals. Uganda was one of the first countries to mainstream the Sustainable Development Goals and climate change into its National Development Plans (2010-2015, 20152020 and 2020-2025) as well as in the country’s Vision 2040. Moreover, the Uganda Green Growth Development Strategy (2017/18 – 2030/31) was developed in order to operationalise green growth planning into the country’s development plans. The existence of this policy framework, together with a National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management — largely focusing on climate-related disasters — and the willingness of the international community to address climate change, provides an opportunity to address climate change issues.
However, inadequate human capacity and limited research and development programmes on climate change constrain the mitigation of climate change in Uganda. For this reason, the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility (CSF) contributed to the mainstreaming of climate change into the programmes of Uganda Christian University (UCU), a centre of academic excellence and innovation in Uganda. The main objectives of this CSF support mission were to: • enhance technical capacities of national public and private actors to measure and address the negative impacts of climate change; • integrate climate change studies, in particular ecosystems-based management, into environmental studies; and, ultimately; • attain a unified concerted effort geared at achieving climate-resilient and low carbon development in Uganda.
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Incorporating climate change into educational curricula In total, six courses were designed, ranging from basic notions of climate change to monitoring and climate modelling techniques, disaster risk reduction and ecosystem-based management. This was complemented by a Training of Trainers workshop, which included two follow-up online coaching sessions for mentors to support the integration of the courses developed in the UCU programmes. Over the years, there has been a growing interest among stakeholders, and particularly among graduate students, for skills in climate change studies and ecosystems-based management to be integrated into environmental management studies. Through these new training courses, the awareness of the UCU graduates and their respective community members concerning climate change issues will be revamped. The Plan recognises research, innovation, and training as core functions that will enormously contribute to meeting national and global challenges, as well as to the sustainable development of Uganda and the region.
FACTBOX – UGANDA – CLIMATE CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION • Design of 6 courses on climate-related subjects to be delivered by Uganda Christian University under the existing undergraduate and/or postgraduate degree programmes.
• Design and delivery of a Training of Trainers workshop. • 36 teachers participated in the Training of Trainers workshop.
• 10,000 students benefited from new climate-change related contents in undergraduate and postgraduate university programmes.
LIST OF COURSES DEVELOPED 1. I ntroduction to climate change: From science to action in Uganda course Interdisciplinary curriculum that empowers students to integrate the concepts and practical skills they learn within their work environment. This is achieved by providing activities that permit learners to compare the theoretical aspects of the training with their experiences. In addition, the curriculum
is student centred and promotes critical thinking on crosscutting issues related to biodiversity and conservation in Uganda. 2. Climate modelling: The science of climate change and projections Participants will acquire the knowledge and capacity to interpret and use climate model outputs. They will learn to create future scenarios, if necessary, for their country or location given climate
change data from a Global Climate Model (GCM) or a Regional Climate Model (RCM). This will help in further understanding of how climate change may impact various sectors of importance to Uganda, and therefore aid in decision making. 3. C limate risk assessment and monitoring course The course will enable students to assess risks of climate change through a deeper understanding of
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the concept, approaches, and tools of climate risk assessment, as a prerequisite for climate change adaptation. 4. Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and adaptation (ECO-DRR/CCA) course Elective course within existing master’s degrees in a variety of departments: Geography, Natural Resources Management, Integrated Watershed Resources Management, Coastal Zone Management, Agricultural Sciences, Urban Planning, or Environmental Sciences. The main guiding philosophy of this module is “learning by doing”, combining theory with practice, through local examples found in Uganda. Learners will be
able to articulate basic concepts of disasters and disaster risk reduction; understand key linkages between disasters, environment and disaster risk reduction; know key international agreements, organizations and initiatives related to disaster risk reduction; employ various tools of disaster risk and vulnerability assessments, as well as specific environmental management tools that can be undertaken to minimize disaster risk; and introduce a systems approach to disaster risk management. 5. Ecosystem-based adaptation course Learners will develop capacities to interpret climate change impacts and how they are interlinked with
development; assess the official framework and development interventions through a climate lens and integrate adaptation into the planning process (climate proofing); carry out concrete adaptation actions at national, sector, local, and project levels; apply the concept of ecosystembased adaptation and relevant definitions and know its advantages and challenges; evaluate the different financing mechanisms of adaptation financing; and, compare and apply the strategies and tools used in Uganda for mainstreaming adaptation. 6. V ulnerability and adaptation to climate change course The course will enhance
students’ scientific understanding of climate change and variability, climate vulnerability assessment, and adaptation planning. Its objective is to help conduct a vulnerability and impact assessment based on an ecosystem analysis and suggest sectoral adaptation options that are relevant to decision-makers. It will also help assess vulnerability to climate change in the context of other non-climate issues and stresses, such as environmental change and consumption levels, and their integration with other drivers and pressures.
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR)
REDUCTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
COMMUNICATION, VISIBILITY AND AWARENESS RAISING
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7. RDC MOBILISING CLIMATE FINANCING
MOBILISING FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION PROJECTS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO The Democratic Republic of Congo boasts exceptional natural resources, a dense hydrographic network (including the Congo River basin, covering 3.7 million km²), and a growing population of over 90 million inhabitants. The national strategy for sustainable development focuses on the priority sectors of mining, agriculture, forestry and industrial expansion. Created in 2002, the National Forestry Fund (FFN) for its French acronym, is responsible for ensuring the financing of reforestation, forest management, and any operations contributing to forest reconstitution. To reinforce its fundraising capabilities with a view to implementing the Congo’s Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement, the FFN benefited from technical assistance from the Intra-ACP GCCA+ programme. The mission, which ended in April 2022, included two major tasks:
1. T o help identify the FFN’s strengths and weaknesses in order to devise a plan for capacity building that will allow the FFN to carry out the actions deemed as priorities by national authorities and local actors. 2. T o formulate a concrete strategy to mobilise funds, both internally (through local taxes) and through enhanced access to international finance institutions; as well as preparing a model concept note for a project, based on the objectives of the NDC, for which financing could be obtained using the newly established strategy and capabilities. The process included extensive consultations with local stakeholders, onsite visits to the provinces, documentary research, and two seminars, one to launch the mission and one to validate the mission reports, where over 50 participants analysed the work carried out and made recommendations for the final version of the strategy.
NDC priorities related to the FFN’s mandate were taken into account, as was its capacity to mobilise local resources through potential partners that can support the strategy and help to consolidate the FFN’s standing as a key actor in fulfilling the Congo’s NDC. “We hope that, having completed this first phase, our partner will not hesitate to help address the needs that have been identified in order to reinforce the capacities of the National Forestry Fund, allowing this public service to accomplish its mission”, said Dr Joseph Malasi Longunza, Climate Counselor and spokesperson for Vice-Prime Minister, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Eve Bazaïba Masudi. “Our wish is that this support will also be extended to other state institutions that participate in the mobilisation of financial resources and to the development of projects in the area of climate change mitigation and, why not, also of climate change adaptation.”
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FACT BOX – CONGO – MOBILISING FINANCING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION PROJECTS • Beneficiary: National Forestry Fund (FFN) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Preparation of a strategy to mobilise funds for climate projects • Preparation of a concept note for the project entitled ‘Reforestation programme to reduce climate change impact, develop bio-coal and improved furnaces, and promote environmental services to benefit the inhabitants.’
• Dates of the intervention: 26 July 2021 to 29 April 2022 • Establishment of a capacity building plan for the FFN
CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS IN
5
PROVINCES POTENTIAL CREATION OF
28,000 JOBS
2
SEMINARS WITH +50 KEY PARTICIPANTS
EXPECTED YEARLY REDUCTION OF
511,000
T
CO2EQ
75,000
HOUSEHOLDS DIRECTLY BENEFITED
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REDUCTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
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8. HAÏTI REVISING THE NDC
REVISING THE NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION – HAITI Although Haiti has relatively low greenhouse gas emissions (9,920 kt CO2eq in 2018), it aims to periodically update its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to meet its obligations under the Paris Agreement and to increase climate change mitigation measures while promoting sustainable development and the wellbeing of its citizens. With technical assistance from the UNDP’s ‘Climate Promise’ initiative and from the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility, Haiti revised its NDC. The Climate Support Facility (CSF) provided additional help focusing on enabling the local stakeholders to integrate climate change adaptation into the updated NDC, to estimate the cost of mitigation measures, and to calculate projected greenhouse gas emissions for each of the sectors involved. Given the recurrent nature of the updating process, the intervention targeted capacity building and reinforcing personnel in the various ministries dealing with sectors affected by climate change. Four main tasks were programmed, to be carried out in
close coordination with the Ministry of the Environment: 1. Analysing national communications, strategies, plans and programmes relating to climate change adaptation and recommending measures to integrate adaptation into the NDC and to reinforce capacities. 2. C apacity building at the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development, and other state entities involved in the revision of the NDC. Training was provided on the FAO’s EX-Ante Carbon-balance tool (EX-ACT), including estimating costs of mitigation measures and using ISO 14090 norms on adaptation. 3. Participatory regional workshops for key actors in government, the private sector and civil society. 4. P reparing the updated version of the NDC. The data collected through the analysis of national climate change documentation, the information gathered in consultations with stakeholders and experts, the training sessions and the participatory regional
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workshops laid the ground for a productive process of revising the NDC, which was successfully submitted to the United Nations’ NDC Registry on 1 June 2022. “Haiti’s 2030 NDC is a document that brings us hope, entailing many perennial transformations”, says Environment Minister James Cadet in his foreword to the NDC publication. “(…) The nation’s resilience will, moreover, be reinforced thanks to the adaptation measures that will impact agriculture, animal farming, fishing, water resources, road infrastructure, coastal areas, and healthcare.” The completion of the CSF mission gives testimony to the dedication, flexibility, and resourcefulness of the technical advisors and of their counterparts in the Climate Change Directory of the Haitian Ministry of the Environment. It is now up to this Ministry to garner the necessary political support to promote the revised NDC among the different sectors and stakeholders in Haiti, encouraging its application and building positive public support.
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FACT BOX – HAITI: REVISING NDC • 5 regional workshops covering Haiti’s 10 geographic departments made it possible to gather the opinions and recommendations of local stakeholders on the best way to implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in their own particular situation. • Key personnel at the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development were trained to use the FAO’s EX-Ante Carbon-balance tool (EX-ACT). • The revised NDC was submitted to the UN NDC Registry on 1 June 2022.
5
REGIONAL WORKSHOPS COVERING 10 DEPARTMENTS
4
MAIN TASKS PROGRAMMED, IN CLOSE COORDINATION WITH THE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
REDUCTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
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9. KENYA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY AND ACTION PLAN
Photo @flickr ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
THE NEW CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY AND ACTION PLAN OF ISIOLO TO BUILD RESILIENCE AND IMPROVE LIVES - KENYA Isiolo County, in Kenya, extends over a largely arid and semi-arid area of about 25,700 square kilometres. Its people’s strength is in herding animals. Over time, rising temperatures, extended droughts and rainfall variability associated with global climate change have put their grasslands under pressure, leaving communities struggling to adapt to weather related challenges. “Despite the grass having matured, it is rotting because of too much water, which leads to pasture shortage”, says Boru Jarso, pastoralist from Isiolo. This increasing unpredictability makes good planning more important than ever, and especially at the county level to address specific local needs and identify long-term solutions to recurrent climate hazards. The Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility (CSF) has supported Isiolo to develop a County Climate Change Policy and Action Plan, with a view to ensuring the effective and efficient implementation of local climate change actions and the operationalisation of the Climate Change Fund Act 2018 . The overall goal of this policy and plan has been to build resilient communities
and natural systems to steer Isiolo County towards a low carbon pathway for sustainable development. This will contribute towards achieving the Isiolo County vision of a secure, just, integrated, and prosperous area where all can enjoy the full potential and high quality of life. Through this initiative, the Intra-ACP GCCA+ has helped to increase technical capacities of the County government and key local stakeholders for policy development, planning, and assessing climate change risk and vulnerability. The process was participatory in nature and involved stakeholders from National and County government, civil society organisations, state agencies, community representatives, and community-based organisations. Key stakeholders engaged at the community level included area chiefs, members of the ward planning committees, water management representatives, women, youths, herders, and religious leaders, among others. “Grassroots people made their own strategy to deal with climate change. They planned, prioritised and also mapped disasters. Different parts of the county have
different contexts, so when context specific projects are designed, such as a coping strategy, they will be refined and also more sustainable” says Lucy Ikiara, County Executive Committee (CEC), Environment Isiolo County. The policy and plan build on all the efforts that Kenya and Isiolo County have made to achieve sustainable development and combat climate change in the past, starting with Kenya’s First National Communication, sectoral plans included since the formulation of the County Integrated Development Plan 2013-2017, the Low Carbon Development Strategy espoused in Kenya’s Second National Communication (2015), the Climate Change Policy Framework 2017, Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030, Isiolo County Integrated Development Plan 2018-2022, Isiolo County Climate Change Regulations 2019, Isiolo County Climate Risk Profile, the country’s 2010 Constitution, and its Vision 2030, among the main references. The success of developing a climate change policy and plan in Isiolo County to build resilience and improve the lives of its inhabitants there is worth replicating in other counties.
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TOOLBOX – KENYA - ISIOLO COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY AND ACTION PLAN • The intervention has helped to strengthen the climate change policy framework at the county level and mainstream climate change actions into the County’s development planning, budgeting and intersectoral coordination of climate change issues. • Climate finance mechanisms in the County were enhanced. • Community-initiated climate change adaptation and mitigation activities were facilitated and improved. • Main activities undertaken included desk review and preparatory work, key informant stakeholder engagements (with 108 key informants), 1st stakeholder engagement workshop (with 54 participants), field visit to three sub-counties (Merti, Garbatula, Isiolo), 2nd stakeholder workshop (with 37 participants), and draft of a Climate Change Policy and Action Plan for Isiolo County.
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KEY LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGED IN 3 SUB-COUNTIES (13 WORKSHOPS)
54 +
PARTICIPANTS TO THE WORKSHOPS
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
COMMUNICATION, VISIBILITY AND AWARENESS RAISING
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10. OACPS ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
Photo @GCCA+
SUPPORT TO THE SECRETARIAT OF THE ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC STATES TO BECOME A DELIVERY PARTNER FOR THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND Recent droughts, floods and hurricanes in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific have caused loss of lives and extensive damage to property, infrastructure, food systems and livelihoods. And the worst is expected to come or is predicted: the devastation related to climate variability and change is expected to occur at greater scales, frequencies and intensities. In 2018, the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme, through its Climate Support Facility (CSF), conducted a comparative analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address climate change in all 79 members of the OACPS. The study analysed, among other issues, the support needs expressed in NDCs, such as financial resources, capacity building and technology transfer. According to the findings of the study, the financial requirements in the first OACPS NDCs were estimated at USD 2 317 billion. Of this: 98 % of financial needs were in Africa, approximately 1.9 % in the Caribbean and 0.1 % in the Pacific region.
In their Nairobi Nguvu ya Pamoja Declaration (December 2019), ACP Heads of State and Government recognised their countries’ vulnerability to economic, social and security impacts of climate-related disasters; and stressed the need for additional financial support, technology transfer and capacity-building for their adaptation and mitigation actions. The Declaration further reiterated the OACPS’ commitment to the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement and acknowledged the influence of environment and climate change challenges and impacts on the sustainable development efforts of Members of the OACPS. Furthermore, ACP Heads of State and Government committed to strengthening the capacity of its Members and regions to access additional financial resources from the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Adaptation Fund, the Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Least Developed Countries Fund,
and called for urgent simplification of conditions to access to these resources. In this context, the OACPS Secretariat approached the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Climate Support Facility (CSF) to receive technical assistance to become a Readiness Delivery Partner to GCF, working together with its Member States to strengthen their capacity to access the much-needed climate finance. This should contribute to the implementation of the OACPS NDCs and National Adaptation Plans, among other climate related policies and actions at the national and intra-OACPS levels. The technical assistance allowed OACPS to undertake the Financial Management Capacity Assessment for the GCF and enhance capacity building activities for its Member States. This has prepared them to develop a robust pipeline of bankable projects and to access the GCF readiness programme in order to implement their NDCs. Comoros and Mauritius were part of the first pilot countries to receive support to access the GCF Readiness programme to receive climate finance.
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TOOLBOX – OACPS – ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE • Regional readiness application submitted to GCF in June 2021. • Financial Management Capacity Assessment (FMCA) Process completed and OACPS approved as delivery partner for the GCF. Process is still ongoing. • Regional readiness application approved by GCF. Process is still ongoing.
2
COUNTRIES – MAURITIUS AND COMORES HAVE VOLUNTEERED TO BE PILOT PROJECTS FOR READINESS PROPOSALS
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CLIMATE ADAPTATION
CLIMATE MITIGATION
MAINSTRAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL POLICY
NDC NDCs IMPLEMENTATION AND/OR REVISION
COMMUNICATION, VISIBILITY AND AWARENESS RAISING
SUPPORTING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ACP EXPERTISE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our respectful thanks to H.E. Mr Georges Rebelo Pinto Chikoti, Secretary General of the OACPS Secretariat, Ms Cristelle Pratt, Assistant Secretary-General Environment & Climate Action (ECA) of the OACPS Secretariat and Mr Nicola Di Petrantonio, Deputy Head of the Climate Change sector at the Directorate-General for the department for International Partnerships (DG INTPA, European Commission) for providing support and guidance to the implementation and the Programme. We would like to express our special thanks to the AGRECO Consortium, especially, Mr Ottavio Novelli, Head of Climate Change, Renewable Energy and Environment Dpt, A.E.S.A., Mr Mattia Epifani, Project Manager of the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme (A.E.S.A.), Ambassador Mr Ferdinand Nyabenda, Managing Director of Cecodda S.A.
Our deepest appreciation to colleagues from the OACPS regional organisations for their contributions, specifically: Mr Mclay Kanyangarara, Ms Cissy A. Kirambaire and Ms Edith M. Tibahwa, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA); Mr. Maguette Kaire, Mr Fabris Compaore and Mr Raoul Kouame, Permanent Interstates Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS)/ AGRHYMET Regional Centre; Ms Gina Bonne, Indian Ocean Commission (IOC); Mr Ladislaus K. Leonidas, East African Community (EAC); Ms Leah Naess Wanambwa and Mr Harsen Nyambe, African Union (AU); Mr Ansel Dubon and Mark Bynoe, Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC); Prof. Elisabeth Holland and Ms Prerna Chand, the University of the South Pacific (USP) EU Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) project; Mr Martin Sharp and Semi Qamese, South Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP); Mr Sibongile Mavimbela, Mr Enos Onyuka, Mr Shepherd Muchuru and Mr Titus Baloyi, Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Mr Philip Omondi, Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD).
AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Supervision of the edition: Dr Pendo Maro (Team Leader of the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme) Drafting and contributions: Ms. Patricia Rodriguez (Commpakage) and Mr Jean-Rémy Daue (Communication and Knowledge Management Expert of the Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme) Inputs and Contributions: Mr Riccardo Magini (Deputy Team Leader/ Climate Support Facility (CSF) Administrator) and Ms Francesca Antifora (Programme Assistant) Art Direction: Mr Jean-Rémy Daue (Intra-ACP GCCA+ Programme) Final Artwork: Ms Sherley Narayanen
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ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC STATES (OACPS) Rue de l’Aqueduc 118 - Tel: +32 (0)2 743 06 90 - 1050 Brussels - Belgium
www.acp.int
www.intraacpgccaplus.org
© OACPS Secretariat 2022
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