E - PORTFOLIO FES 460

FABRIC FOR FASHION

PREPARED BY : NURUL ‘AQIDAH HIDNI BINTI YASMI

INTRODUCTION Fabric has always been an important part of life. Fabric has been used for survival since the beginning of time, but it wasn't exactly the same as it is now. Every garment begins with fabric. It is the fabric that brings a design to life. We can dramatically alter our design’s end result by simply changing the cloth we make it from.

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Clothing and containers are two of the most common uses for this material (bags and baskets.)

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Textiles are used in the home for carpeting and upholstered furniture.

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Textiles can be used in industrial and scientific processes such as filtering in the workplace.

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Textiles are used in a variety of traditional crafts, including sewing,

HISTORY o

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Textiles, most likely felt, were first used around 100,000 years ago in the late Stone Age. However, the earliest examples of cotton, silk, and linen are thought to have appeared around 5,000 BC in India, Egypt, and China.

WHAT IS FABRIC / FIBRE ? Fabric is a material created by weaving, knitting, spreading, felting, stitching, crocheting, or bonding that can be used to make other products.

Photo by Ive Freya

quilting, and embroidery

FUNCTION

Photo by Malababa

SOURCES OF THE FABRIC / FIBRE ▪

ANIMAL

Hair, fur, skin, and silk are the most common materials used to make animal textiles (in the case of silkworms)

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PLANT

Cotton, flax, ramie, hemp, jute, and other cellulosic fibre plants can all be used to make textiles and fabrics.

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MINERAL

Minerals can be combined, as in emery cloth, which is made up of an emery abrasive layer glued to a cloth backing. ▪ SYNTHETIC Synthetic textiles are primarily used in the manufacture of clothing as well as geotextiles.

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Textiles are made from a variety of materials, the most common of which are animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic.

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The first natural.

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Artificial fibres made from petroleum were supplemented to them throughout the 20th century.

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FABRIC TERMINOLOGY 1. YARN A continuous length of fibres which are interlocked, and it’s used to produce fabrics

2. GRAIN A variety of yarns in a fabric. Grain is described and spoken of in terms of lengthwise grain, crosswise grain, and a bias.

3. DRAPE The term "fabric drape" refers to how a fabric hangs under its own weight. It has a significant impact on how well a garment looks when worn.

4. SELVEDGE fabric selvedge is the tightly woven edge that runs along each side of a piece of fabric's lengthwise grain, which is also called the fabric's warp.

5. KNIT one of the techniques used in the fabric-making process

6. KNITTED Knitted fabric is a type of textile produced by knitting, which is the process of inter-looping yarns or intermeshing loops.

7. DYEING Dyeing is the process of applying dyes or pigments to textile materials in order to achieve the desired colour fastness.

8. WEAVING Weaving, the process of producing fabric by interlacing two sets of yarns so that they cross each other at right angles, usually with a hand- or power-operated loom.

9. UNION FABRIC a fabric woven from two or more different fibres, such as a wool worsted warp and a cotton filling

10. FABRIC WIDTH The width of a fabric is measured from one selvedge to the next.

EVOLUTION OF TEXTILES (1900-2000)

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1900

Styles : Tailor-Made, Suits, Tea Gowns Fabric : Lace, Crepe de chine, Chiffon, Tulle Designers : Charles Frederick Worth, Jacques Doucat

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1910

Styles : Cocoon Coats, Turban & Fillets Fabric : Hand-Painted. Emblished silks, Net, Burnout velvet Designer : Paul Poiret, Lucille, Jean Lanvin Styles : Flapper dress, Cardigan

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1930

Styles : Bathing Suits, Bared-back evening gowns, Fabric : Chiffon, nylon, floral prints, bias-cut drappery Designers : Elsa Schiaparelli, Mainbocher, Elizabeth Haws

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1940

Styles : Practical Work Wear, austere tailored suits, recycled knits. Fabric : wool, cotton, denim, rayon. Designers : Norman Norell, Hattie carnegie, Carmen Miranda.

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1920

Styles : Flapper dress, Cardigan,Sweaters, Silk Stockings. Fabric : Silk Crepe, Silk goergette,beaded silks. Designers : Madeleine Vionnet, CocoChannel, Jean Patou

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1950

Styles : twinsets, pencil skirts, shirtwaist dress, cocktail dress. Fabric : Wool tweed, cashmere, satin, taffeta, organza, nylon net Designers : Christian Dior, Christobal Balenciaga, Pierre Balmain

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1960

Styles : Mini-skirts, shift dresses and jumpers, boxy coats. Fabric : PVC, polyester, crimplene, clear palstic insert. Designers : Andre Courreges, Paco Rabanne, Piere Cardin.

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1970

Styles : Trouser suits, ready-to-wear, maxidresses, A-line skirts. Fabric : Polyester, lycra, brushed wool, corduroy, tweed. Designers : Yves Saint Laurent, Halston, kenzo.

Styles : Cargo pants, plaid flannelshirts, jeans. Fabric : Ink-jet Printing, laser cutting,cotton flannel, distressed denim. Designers : Marc Jacobs, Anna Sui, Calvein Klein.

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1990

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1980

Styles : Mini-skirts, big frilly dresses, slouch socks. Fabric : Spandex, lame, raw silks, bleached denim. Designers : Claude Montana, Thierry Mugler, Yohji Yamamoto.

Styles : Low-rise skinny jeans, harem pants, crop-tops. Fabric : Organic fabric, nanotechnologgy fabric. Designers : Gucci, Alexander McQueen.

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2000