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isiZulu ~ English isihumushi Flipbook PDF
isiZulu ~ English isihumushi
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ISIZULU ~ ISINGISI ISIHUMUSHI NEZIFANISO
(Thola igama lesiZulu olifunayo, elifanayo kanye noliwuzakwabo lesiNgisi njengoba linjalo.)
AMABANGA 4 – 12 NANGAPHEZULU Makhosi B. Khoza (Dkt)
IsiZulu~IsiNgisi: Isihumushi nezifaniso amabanga 4 – 12 nangaphezulu.
Abashicileli: Ukhokho innovations & Makhosi B. Khoza 31 Patricia Road Hillcrest, Durban 3610 Amalungeloshicelelo (copyrights): Ukhokho innovations & Makhosi B. Khoza Amalungelo agodliwe: Ayikho ingxenye yalena incwadi engakopishwa, ishicilelwe, ikhwezwe, igcinwe idluliselwe phambili noma ingaluphi uhlobo ngaphandle kwemvume ebhalwe phansi yasayinwa yilabo abanegunya lokwenza lokho benkampani okungo Makhosi Busisiwe Khoza kanye ne- UKhokho innovations . (All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without written permission of the publisher and the author. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims.)
b
OKUQUKETHWE 1. Usetshenziswa kanjani lona umuthombolwazi? 2. Onkamisa (a, e, i, o, u) nokuhlakanipha kwabo njengeziqalo zamagama esiZulu………………………………… 3. Ishadi longwaqasixhobo besiZulu……………………………… 4. Ishadi lokuhlelwa kwababizo ngokohlelo UZALO……… 5. Ukhuhlelwa kwamagama esiZulu nokwethulwa kwamagama ahumushwayo, izifaniso zawo kanye nozakwabo besiNgisi…. 6. Ikhasimagama (index) leziqalo
ikhasi c - f g - j k - l m - p q -
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1. USETSHENZISWA KANJANI LONA UMUTHOMBOLWAZI? Lona umuthombolwazi uhambisa ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuthi umufundi okhuluma isiZulu ngengolimi aluncela ebeleni akwazi ukufunda nesiNgisi ebe eluqonda kahle ulimi lwakhe lwasekhaya. Sikunika amagama ayizifaniso esiZulu nawesiNgisi. Ulimi isiZulu lunone kakhulu. Ibizo elithi umuqala liphinde libizwe ngentamo. Elinye igama lomungani ubhululu. Kanti uma uqhathanisa ukunona kwesiZulu nesiNgisi kucishe kubambane. Okusho ukuthi ungadlala indima enkulu ngokuthi ulwazi ulumi lwakho ukuze nalo lundlondlobalo, luchume lukhule njengaso isiNgisi. Abantu abaningi sebeqala ukusijabulela kakhulu isiZulu ngoba sebebonile ukuthi simunandi kangakanani uma bebuka imisebenzi noma imidlalo yaseshashalazini komabonakude. Lapha sifundisa ngendlela yokuqhathanisa. Siqhathanisa isiZulu nesiNgisi. Ngaleyo indlela sigcina sizifunda zombili lezi izilimi. Umuthombolwazi lona, uphinde ulandelanisa amagama ngendlela eholwa wonkamisa futhi eyakhiwe ongwaqasixhobo abagaxwe onkamisa ngemumva. Uveza igama njengoba linjalo. Ayikho ingxenye yegama lesiZulu egwinywayo. Lena indlela entsha ihambisana neqondanqubo lolimi isiZulu eyakhelwe phezu kwesethi yonkamisa amahlanu (a, e, I, o, u) nongwaqasixhobo abasuka kowodwa bayogcina kwabahlanu (b, bh, chw, ntsh, ntshw) okumele bagaxwe unkamisa ukuze bakhe umusindo noma iqanamusindo lesiZulu. Uzoqaphela ukuthi eceleni kwawo wonke amagama angamabizo kunomubhalo obhalwe ngokucambalala kanje: amanzi (UZL NC 7), lokhu okukubakaki kusho ukuthi ibizo lelo lisesigabeni UZALO Noun Cluster 7 (UZL NC 7). Kusho ukuthi kumele usebenzise itafula lwezigaba zamabizo UZALO oluqukethwe lapha ukuze wazi ukusebenzisa lelo ibizo ngendlela enohlonze yesiZulu. Wonke amanye amagama nawo abhaliwe kubakaki ukuthi aluhlobo luni lwegama. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni wazi ukulisebenzisa igama ngendlela enohlonze futhi ephusile. Lena incwadi iwujulangqondo. Uyigxenye yemizamo yokubuyiselwa kwenjulalwazi yaBantu abansundu eyahlukumezeka yonakala ngesikhathi sohlwithomubuso ngaphansi kwengqubo ebizwa ikholoniyalizimu nobandlululo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela esibhala ngayo yileyo esiqonda ukuba izokwenza ulimi isiZulu lundlondlobale, luchume, lukhule luze lukwazi ukuba lufundwe nayizizwe ezihlukene emuhlabeni wonke jikelele. Ngakho-ke lena indlela entsha iyashenxa kancane kuleyo ebesifunda ngayo ulimi isiZulu. Umuzekelo owokuthi indlela imithombolwazi ebhalwe ngayo iyazigwinya iziqalo zamagama esiZulu kakhulukazi amabizo, ondaweni. Lokhu kudala umonakalo omukhulu kakhulu olimini olandelayo:
d
(a) Ukugwinywa kwesiqalo emagameni angamabizo nalawo angondaweni kubulala ubuhlakaninjula bonkamisa. Phela isiZulu sivamise ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwebizo namagama ayizenzo noma iziphawulo ngokuthi igama eliyibizo liholwe unkamisa othwele ubuhlakaninjula obumangalisayo. Bheka nansi imizekelo ibhala (wheelbarrow) nxa sisusa unkamisa wokuqala ‘i…’ kwenza bhala (write); ikhanda (head) uba yigama ‘khanda’ (fix) nxa kususwa unkamiso oyisiqalo; igama amanzi (water) nxa sisusa unkamisa oyisiqalo kuba yigama ‘manzi’ (wet). Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kube nendlela ezokwenza ukuba igama livele njengoba linjalo ekulandelanisweni kwamagama. Igama elithi ikhaya (home) liyibizo kanti nanoma lihlobene negama elithi ekhaya lihlukile ngoba leli eseliveza unkamisa ‘e…’ selingundaweni. (b) Ukulandela uhlelomagama oluhambisa ngokuqalwa kukankamisa ‘a’ kuphethe ngongwaqa ‘z’ sibona kuyiko okubulala ulimi ngenxa yokuthi wonke amabizo esiZulu kumele aveze unkamisa othwele ubuhlakaninjula nxa lelo igama lingakaphazamiseki ngaohansi kwemibandela ethize yolimi. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlamvumagama zingamashumi amabili nesithupha (26) kanti futhi amagama angamabizo yiwo amaningi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ibizo igama esiqamba ngalo okuthile, sisola ukuthi labo ababezama ukufunza uhlelomagama oluqhuba ngo-‘a’ kuya ku ‘z’ babona kumele zigwinywe iziqalo zamagama amabizo. Lokhu kwaba nomuthelela omubi ongaphezu kwalowo esesiwubalulile. Phela lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthola igama emithombenilwazi. Umuzekelo igama elithi indlu (house) ngokwalena ingqubo litholakala ngaphazi kwamaga aholwa ungwaqa ‘d’. Umangabe umuntu ofuna igama kunzima ukuthi alithole. (c) Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlela amabizo nazo zinomuthelela omubi ekukhulisweni kolimi ngenxa yokuthi kugcina lapho kungavezwa ukuba ibizo likusiphi isigaba. Sikusho lokhu ngoba ocwaningweni lwethu sithole ukuthi izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ziyishumi-nambili (12) kuphela. Kanti nxa kumele ulusebenzise ngendlela ehloniphayo lolu ulimi kumele wazi ukuthi igama likusiphi isigaba. Ngakho-ke siqome ukuthi wonke amagama angamabizo abhalwe eceleni ukuthi akusiphi isigaba ukuze lowo osebenzisa lelo ibizo alisebenzise ngendlela ngoba isigaba ngasinye sinesivumelwano saso, sinesabizwana saso, sinongumunini wokuqala nowesibibili waso njalonjalo. (d) Nxa igama singalazi ukuthi liwuhlobo luni asikwazi ukulisebenzisa ngendlela ehambisana nemithetho neqondanqubo lesiZulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu olimini isiZulu ukuba wazi ukuthi igama liwuhlobo luni ngoba lokhu kusitshela kabanzi ngokuthi igama lelo kumele lisetshenziswe kanjani enkulumeni. Umuzekelo nxa igama eliyisenzo liholwa unkamisa kunemibandela nemithetho ekumele ilandelwe ukuze lungadali inkinga ephikisana neqondanqubo yesiZulu. Umuzekelo amabizo asesigabeni sokuqala aqoka unkamisa ‘u…’ okumele agaxwe egameni eliyisenzo. Nxa lelo igama eliyisenzo linesiqalo esiwunkamisa
e
lokhu sekudala inkinga ngoba olimini isiZulu akumele nakancane onkamisa balandelane egameni elilodwa eliphelele. Okusho ukuthi uma umusho wethu uthi: Umama (mother) + andisa (adds) + amanzi (water) = Umama uandisa amanzi. Lokhu sekuyinkinga yingakho unkamisa ‘u…’ ugcina uphendulwa wenziwe ungwaqa ‘w’ okwenza sithi: Umama wandisa amanzi (Mother adds water). (e) Indlela esibhala ngayo yileyo engahlanganisi amagama ngenxa yokugwinywa kwemisindo ethize nxa kukhulunywa noma kunqamulelwa. Umuzekelo imithombo eminingi nxa ibhala umulenze iyawugwinya unkamisa womusindo ‘mu’ okugcina kuba yigama ‘umlenze’ lokhu siyakuhlaba ngoba uma siwugwinya unkamisa ‘…u’ sesibulala iqondanqubo yolimi ehambisa ngamasethi anongwaqasixhobo abahlale begaxwe unkamisa ngemumva. Awukho umusindo wesiZulu ekuthiwa u ‘-mle’. Kuliqiniso ukuthi unkamisa ‘…u’ uthule nxa siphisa esikhathini esiningi, kanti ukuwuphimisa njengoba unjalo nako loko akunankinga. (f) Indlela ekufundwa ngayo isiZulu ibingakuqhakamisi ukuncika kwalolu ulimi ezibalweni nakwiqondanqubo lweSayensi. Sikusho lokhu ngoba ucwaningo lwethu likuveza obala ukuthi isiZulu kunzima ukusifunda usiqonde futhi usilandele uma ungezukusebenzisa iqondanqubo yemetamethiksi noma izibalo eziphelezelwa izinamba. Ukuze siqonde amabizo esiZulu kumele siwanike izinombolo. Ukuze siqonde ulimi isiZulu kumele sazi amaphethini amagama. Ochwepheshe bemetamethiksi bachaza lesi isifundo ngekokufunda kongolandelela amaphethini. Kanti futhi imetamethiksi ivamise ukuqondakala ngokuhlukanisa lokho okucwaningwayo ngamasethi. Lapha olimini isiZulu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imisindo yokwakha amagama alolu ulimi indlalelwa isethi yonkamisa abahlanu (a, e, I, o, u) kanje: ba, be, bi, bo, bu; cha, che, chi, cho, chu njalonjalo. Ukulandela lena indlela esthenzisa amathe nolimi phakathi kukangwaqasixhobo nonkamisa kwenza ukuthi singashiyi amagama athize ngaphandle afana nalawa nje (just), cha (no) njalonjalo. Ingqubo entsha yohlelomagama esiZulu ilandelanisa ngeziqalo eziwonkamisa nongwaqasixhobo abagaxwe unkamisa ngemumva. Iphinde futhi ihlele amabizo ngokumantanisa nocwaninga lolu ulimi ngohlelo lwemethamethiksi. Lolu uhlelo silubiza.
Ubuntu isiZulu Alphabetical Logic Order (UZALO) UZALO lundlondlobalisa luchumise izilimi zabaNtu, ubuNtu kanye nesiNtu ukukhulisa uxolo nokubambisana kuluNtu lonke.
f
2. ONKAMISA NJENGEZIQALO EMAGAMENI ESIZULU NOBUHLAKANI BAWO Onkamisa babaluleke kakhulu olimini isiZulu kunoma iyiphi indawo abakuyo. Phela yibo abahola amabizo olimini isiZulu. Onkamisa njengeziqalo emabizweni esiZulu, yibo abavamise ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama angamabizo nalawo ayizenzo. Ukususwa kukankamisa oyisiqalo kuyawuguqula umuqondo wegama. Ngebhadi imithombo yolwazi eminingini yesiZulu efena nezichazamazwi aziwuvezi umusindo noma iqanamusindo eliyisiqalo elihlale liholwa wunkamisa. Ukungavezi iziqalo kugxile esiqwini segama kwenziwa ukuthi wonke amabizo esiZulu anesiqalo esiwunkamisa. Njengoba onkamisa bebahlanu ezinhlamvinimagama ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha, abathize babona ukuthi kungcono ungavezwa umusindo oyisiqalo ngoba babefuna ukuphoqa ulimi isiZulu kwinqubo yokuhleka kwamagama u- a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. Lesi isenzo sokugwinya onkamisa abayiziqalo kwacisshe kwalubulala nya ulimi isiZulu. Bheka nazi izibonelo eziwumuthelela omubi wokungawuvezi unkamisa oyisiqalo emagamenini esiZulu asehumushelwe esiNgisini: Ibizo isenzo Isitha (enemy) sitha (cover / hide) Isikela (sickle) sikela (cut for) Igeja (hoe) geja (miss out /be of target / skip /omit) Igula (calbash) gula (be sick) Ibhala (wheelbarrow) bhala (write) Ikhala (nose) khala (cry) Ukhula (weed) khula (grow) Ikhanda (head) khanda (fix) Uphahla (structure / framework) phahla (surround / circumscribe) Onkamisa njengeziqalo banemisebenzi eminingi. Ingakho siqhamuke nohlelomagama oluhlonipha noluchumisa ukubaluleka kukankamisa kulolu ulimi isiZulu. Bheka nansi imizekelo yokubaluleka nobuhlakani obuqukethwe wunkamisa oyisiqalo olimini isiZulu. a… 1. Unkamisa ‘a…’ njesiqalo ebizweni lesiZulu usho ukuthi lelo ibizo lisebuningini noma alibaleki. Ngakho-ke awekho amabizo esiZulu asebunyeni, anesiqalo unkamisa ‘a…’. Etafuleni elingezansi lohlelo lwamabizo esiZulu lwenqubo UZALO (UZL) uzofumanisa ukuthi wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘a…’ asezigabeni ezimbili (UZL 7 kanye no-UZL 8.1)kuphela. Wonke asebuningini noma awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni. Amabizo asesigabeni UZL 7 aneziqalo “ama…’ kanye no- ‘ame…’ kuphela. Izibonelo: amaqanda (eggs), amazwe (countries), amanzi (water), amehlo (eyes), ameva (thorns). Kanti no UZL 8.1 ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’ &
g
2.
‘abo…’. Izibonelo: abantu (people), abalimi (farmers), abangani (friends), abameli (lawyers), abenzi (doers), abongi (savers). Unkamisa ‘a…’ uphinde abe isivumelwano sikamenzi noma ibizo lesigaba UZL 7 okuyikhaya lamabizo aneziqalo ‘ama…’ no ‘ame…’. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nxa usebenzisa ibizo elingumenzi elikulesi isigaba UZL 7 kumele ugaxe unkamisa ‘a…’ egameni eliyisenzo. Isibonelo: Amantombazane (girls) + ‘a…’ isivumelwano sikamenzi, UZL 7 + dlala (play) + ingqathu (skipping-rope) = Amantombazane adlala ingqathu. (The girls play a skipping rope).
3.
Unkamisa ‘a’ oyisiqalo egameni lesiZulu uphinde ulekelele wonke amabizo aneziqalo ‘a’ kanye nesiqalo unkamisa ‘o…’ nxa kuphawulwa kanje: amanzi abandayo (cold water), abantu abadala (old people / adults), omama abahle (beautiful mothers), ogandaganda abasha (new tractors).
4.
Isiqalo unkamisa ‘a…’ uvela egameni eliyisenzo uma liphikisa. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuthi isenzo sigaxwe unkamisa ‘a’ bese kuthi unkamisa ‘…a’ osemusileni wesenzo ususwe, endaweni yawo kufakwa unkamisa ‘…I’ kanje:
(a) Ngiyahamba. (I am going) ~ Angihambi (I am not going.) (b) Izingane ziyacula. (The children are singing.) ~ Izingane aziculi. (The children are not singing.)
1.
2.
1.
e… Isiqalo unkamisa ‘e…’ umongameli wamagama abizwa ondaweni ngoba yiwo oguqula amabizo uwenze ondaweni kanje: (a) Ibhasi (bus) = noun ~ ebhasini (in / at / to / from the bus) (b) Isikole (school) ~ esikoleni (in / at / to / from the school) (c) Amazwe (countries) ~ emazweni (in / at / to / from countries) Isiqalo unkamisa ‘e…’ umupheleki wamabizo onke esiZulu aqalisa ngonkamisa ‘i…’ nxa sekuphawulwa kanje: (a) ingane encane (a small baby) (b) imali eningi (a lot of money) (c) izimoto ezintsha (new cars) (d) iqanda elibhoyiliwe (boiled egg) i… Isiqalo ‘i…’ unkamisa ophakathi nendawo konkamisa bobahlanu uhola amabizo asezigabeni ezisebunyeni ezintathu (3) nezimbili (5) ezisebuningini: (i) UZL 2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngonkamisa ‘i…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: igazi (blood), iqanda (egg), ijaji (judge).
h
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 2, yiqanamusindo ‘li…’. UZL 5: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘is…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: isisu (stomach), isandla (hand), isifuba (chest). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 5, yiqanamusindo ‘si…’. UZL 6: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘im…’ kanye no ‘in…. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: imbuzi (goat), imbongolo (donkey), imana (abundance), indlovu (elephant), inkawu (monkey). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 6, yiqanamusindo ‘i…’. UZL 9: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘iz…. Wonke asebuningini. Awekho asebunyeni kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: izimbuzi (goats), izimbongolo (donkeys), izindlovu (elephants), izinkawu (monkeys). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 9, yiqanamusindo ‘zi…’. UZL 10: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘imi…. Wonke asebuningini. Awekho asebunyeni kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: imibuzo (questions), imibala (colours), imibhede (beds), imilenze (legs). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 10, yiqanamusindo ‘i…’.
o… Isiqalo ‘o…’ wunkamisa wamabizo asebuningini njengalawa omama (mothers), obaba (fathers), ogandaganda (tractors). Lawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 8.1 awumundeni owodwa nalawo anesiqalo ‘aba’, ‘abe’ kanye no ‘abo’ ngoba wonke asebuningini, anesivumelwano ‘ba…’, anesabizwana soqobo ‘bona’, anongumunini besabizwana sokuqala nesesibili ezifanayo okungo: bami, bethu, bakho, benu. 2. Unkamisa ‘o…’ njengesiqalo uphinde abe umuphelezeli wamabizo aqalisa ngonkamisa ‘u…’ kanje umama omuhle (a beautiful mother), ukudla okumunandi (nice food). u…. 1. Unkamisa ‘u…’ njesiqalo ebizweni lesiZulu usho ukuthi lelo ibizo lisebunyeni noma alibaleki. Ngakho-ke awekho amabizo esiZulu asebuningini, anesiqalo ‘u…’. Etafuleni elingenhla uzofumana ukuthi amabizo anesiqalo ‘u…’ asezigabeni ezisebunyeni mathathu (3). Kanti lawo angabaleki futhi angawamukeli neze amabizo asebunyeni nasebunginini mabili (2). Nazi izigaba zamabizo ezisebunyeni ezingawamukeli amabizo asebuningini eziqala ngonkamisa ‘u…’ (a) UZL 1.1: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngeqanamusindo umu …’ noma ‘um…’ kanti futhi wonke lawa ngamabizomuntu. Liphinde lamukele wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘u…’ amukela isivumelwano sikamenzi unkamisa ‘u…’ ekumele abe sebunyeni. 1.
i
Wonke asebunyeni. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: umuntu (person), umuntwana (baby), umuzali (parent), umfana (boy), umfazi (woman). Amanye yilawa: umama (mother), ubaba (father), usisi (sister), ugandaganda (tractor), ubhejane (rhino). (b) UZL 1.2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngeqanamusindo ‘umu’ noma ‘um…’. Umehluko phakathi kwawo nalawo asesigabeni UZL 1.1 ukuthi lawa angamabizonto. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: umulenze (leg), umuqala (neck), umuzimba (body), umulomo (mouth), umusa (kindness), umoya (wind) Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 1.2, yiqanamusindo ‘u…’. (c) UZL 3: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘u…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: uthando (love), usizi (sadness), uziso (aid / help), ubizo (calling), ubisi (milk). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 3, yiqanamusindo ‘lu …’. (d) Nazi izigaba ezimbili ezingabaleki futhi ezingamukeli amabizo asebunyeni nalawo asebuningini: (i) UZL 4: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘uku…’, ‘uko…’, ‘ukwa…’ no ‘ukwe…’. Wonke awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni nasebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: ukudla (food), ukufa (death), ukona (wrong doing), ukwakha (construction / building), ukwenza (action / doing). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 4, yiqanamusindo ‘ku…’. (ii) UZL 8.2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘ubu…’, ‘ubo…’, ‘utsha…’ no ‘utshwa…’. Wonke awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni nasebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: ubuso (face), ubuhle (beauty / goodwill), ububi (evil / wrong doing), ubusika (winter), utshani (grass), utshwala (liquor). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 8.2, yiqanamusindo ‘bu…’. Unkamisa ‘u…’ uphinde abe isivumelwano sikamenzi noma ibizo lezigaba UZL 1.1 kanye no-UZL NC 1.2.
j
2. ISHADI LONGWAQASIXHOBO BESIZULU NGOKULANDELANA KWABO Owe… 1
Ungwaqasix hobo b
Owe … 31
Ungwaqasix hobo j
Owe … 61
Ungwaqasix hobo ngxw
Owe… 94
Ungwaqasix hobo sh
2
bh.
32
jw
3
bl
33
k
62
nhl
95
shw
63
nhlw
96
s
4
br
34
kh
64
nj
92
r
5
c
6
ch
35
khw
65
njw
93
s
36
khr
66
nk
96
sw
7
chw
37
kl
67
nkl
97
t
8
cw
38
klw
68
nkw
98
th
9
d
39
kw
69
nq
99
thr
10
dl
40
l
70
nqw
100
thw
11
dlw
41
lw.
71
ns
101
ts
12
dw
42
m
72
nsw
102
tsh
13
f
43
mb
73
nt
103
tshw
14
fl
44
mf
74
ntsh
104
tw
15
fr
45
mp
75
ntshw
105
v
16
g
46
mv
76
ntw
106
vr
17
gc
47
n
77
nw
107
vw
18
gcw
48
nc
78
nx
108
w
19
gl
49
ncw
79
nxw
109
x
20
gr
50
nd
80
ny
110
xh
21
gq
51
ndl
81
nyw
111
xhw
22
gqw
52
ndlw
82
nz
112
xw
23
gw
53
ndw
83
nzw
113
y
24
gx
54
ng
84
p
114
yw
25
gxw
55
ngc
85
ph
115
z
26
h
56
ngcw
86
phw
116.
zw
27
hh
57
ngq.
87
pr
28
hl
58
ngqw.
88
q
29
hlw
59
ngw
89
qh
30
hw
60
ngx.
90
qhw
91
qw.
k
2.1 AMAKHASI AMAGAMA NGOKONGWAQASIXHOBO. (Qaphela ukuthi kuqala amagama avula ngonkamisa ngokulandelana kwabo bese kugcina lawo amagama aqalisa ngongwaqa. Lapha ngezansi siveza isixhobongwaqa esivela kuqala egameni. Bheka amakhasigama (index) ngemumva ukuthola ukuthi isiqalo segama olifunayo likuliphi ikhasi.) ungwaqasixhobo
amakhasi
ungwaqasixhobo
Amakhasi
b
1 -72
j
103 – 104
bh.
72 - 79
jw
104
bl
79 – 80
k
br
80 -81
kh
111 – 116
c
81 - 84
khr
116
ch
84
khw
116
chw
85
kl
117
cw
86
klw
117
d
86 – 89
kw
117 -118
dl
89 – 90
l
118 – 122
dlw
90 – 91
lw.
122
dr
91
m
122 – 141
dw
91
mb
141 -142
f
91 – 94
mf
142
fl
94
mp
142 – 144
fr
94
mv
g
94 – 96
n
144 – 148 148
144
gc
96
nc
gcw
96
ncw
148
Gl
96
nd
148 – 155
Gr
96
ndl
155 – 156
Gq
97
ndlw
156
gqw
97
ndw
156
Gw
97 - 98
ng
157 – 161
Gx
98
ngc
161 -162
gxw
98
ngcw
162 -163
H
98
ngq
163 – 167
Hh
98
ngw
167
Hl
98 – 102
ngx
167
Hlw
102
ngxw
-
Hw
102 – 103
nhl
168 – 171
l
ungwaqasixhobo
amakhasi
ungwaqasixhobo
Amakhasi
nhlw
171
s
217 – 263
Nj
171 - 172
sh
263 -270
njw
172
shw
270 -271
Nk
172 – 177
str
271
nkl
-
sw
271 -272
nklw
-
t
272 -275
nkw
177 – 178
th
275 -282
Nq
178 – 180
thr
282
nqw
180
thw
282 -283
Ns
180 -181
ts
283
nsw
182
tsh
283 -285
Nt
182 -185
tshw
285
ntsh
185
tw
285
ntshw
185
v
285 -295
ntw
185 -186
vr
295
Nw
186
vw
-
Nx
186 -188
w
295 – 299
nxw
-
x
299 – 302
Ny
188 – 192
xh
302 -305
nyw
-
xhw
305
Nz
192
xw
305
nzw
192
y
305 -309
P
192 -194
yw
-
Ph
194 – 204
z
309 -358
zw
358 -359
Q
204 -211
Qh
211 -215
qhw
215
qw.
216
R
216 - 217
m
3. IZIGABA ZAMABIZO ESIZULU NGOKWENQUBO ENTSHA UZALO Ibizo igama esiqamba ngalo abantu, izinto, izilwane nanoma yini enegama ebonakalayo nengabonakali. Olimini isiZulu amabizo ahlelwa ngokwezigaba. Ngokwenqubo entsha UZALO ahlelwe ngokwezigaba eziyishumi-nambili (12). Ziyisithupha (6) ezisebunyeni. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 1.1: Wonke amabizomuntu anesiqalo ‘u…’ angena kulesi isigaba isib. umuntu, umuntwana, umungani, umama, ubaba, uThoko, uThemba, (b) UZALO 1.2: Wonke amabizonto anesiqalo ‘um…’ angena kulesi isigaba isib. umunwe, umuqala, umuzimba, umulenze, umuzamo, umoya, umusa, umushado. (c) UZALO 2: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘i…’ kodwa awalandelwa imisindo ‘…si’ nongwaqa ‘m’ kanye no ‘n’. izibonelo iqanda, iqolo, iqembu, iqiniso, ibhala, ibheshu, ikhanda, ikhala, ikapisi, ivila, ibhasi. (d) UZALO 3: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo unkamisa ‘u…’ kodwa awalandelwa ungwaqa ‘m’ nemisindo ‘bu’, ‘ku’ kanye no ‘ko’ izib. Uphaphe, ubhaqa, uthando, uthuli, Ukhamba, ukhuni, ukholo. (e) UZALO 5: Wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘isi…’ akulesi isigaba izib. Isinkwa, isitha, isitsha, isibaya, isitofu, isidwaba, isidina, isidingo, isikhathi, isikhala. (f) UZALO 6: Wonke amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘in…’ noma ‘im…’ izib. Inkawu, inkomo, inkukhu, inkehli, inkantolo, inkafunkafu, inkinga, inkosi, inkomishi, inkazimulo, imbali, imbewu, imbiba, imbongolo, imali, imoto. Ezinye zalezi izigaba ezisebunyeni ziyawamukela amabizo angabaleki ahambisana nemithetho yakuleso isigaba. Awekho amabizo asebuningini angena esigabeni esisebunyeni. Zine (4) izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ezisebuningini. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 7: Wonke akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘ama…’ noma ‘ame…’ izib. Amazambane, amazinyo, amavila, amabhala, amabheshu, amaqanda, amaqembu, amanzi, amasu, amakhwapha, amehlo, ameva (b) UZALO 8.1: Wonke amabi akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’, ‘abo…’ noma ‘o…’ izib. Abantu, afafana, abafowethu, abelungu, abenzi, abongo, abomuthetho, omama, obaba, osisi. (c) UZALO 9: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘iz…’ izib. Izingane, izinto, izimpukane, izimpethu, izimpondo, izinsizwa, izandla, izono. (d) UZALO 10: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘imi…’ izib. Imiqala, imithetho, imibuzo, imishanelo, iminwe, imizamo, imibala. Ezinye zalezi izigaba ziyawamukela amabizo angabaleki ahambisana nemithetho yakuleso isigaba. Awekho amabizo asebunyeni angena esigabeni esisebuningini.
n
Zimbili (2) izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ezisengawamukeli amabizo asebunyeni nalawo asebuningini. Lezi izigaba ziyikhaya lamabizo angabaleki. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 4: Wonke akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘uku…’, ‘uko…’, ‘ukwa…’, ‘ukwe…’ izib. Ukudla, ukufa, ukudlala, ukwazi, ukwenza. (b) UZALO 8.2: Wonke amabi akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘ubu…’, ‘ubo…’, ‘utsha…’ noma ‘utshwa…’ izib. Ubuso, ubusika, ubuhle, ubungako, ubuzwe, ubomvu, ubomi, utshani, utshwala. Izigaba zamabizo zohlelo UZALO zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zonke ezinye izingcezu zenkulumo zihambisa ngazo. Bheka nanti ishadi elikutshesa izigaba, iziqalo, izivumelwano, izabizwana, ongumunini bokuqala nabesibili.
NINA
u…
WENA
ISIVUMELWANO
Ubunye
THINA
UBUNANI
Um…
MINA
ISIQALO
1.1
yena (amabizom untu kuphela) wona
wami
wethu
wakho
wenu
u…
wona
wami
wethu
wakho
wenu
Ubunye
li…
lona
lami
lethu
lakho
lenu
Ubunye
Lu…
lona
lwami
lwethu
lwakho
lwenu
Amabizo angabaleki kuphela Ubunye
Ku…
kona
kwami
kwethu
kwakho
kwenu
Si…
sona
sami
sethu
sakho
senu
Ubunye Ubuningi Ubuningi
i… a… Ba…
yona wona bona
yami ami bami
yethu ethu bethu
yakho akho bakho
yenu enu benu
Amabizo angabaleki kuphela Ubuningi Ubuningi
Bu…
bona
bami
bethu
bakho
benu
Zi… i…
zona yona
zami yami
zethu yethu
zakho yakho
zenu yenu
(amabizomuntu kuphela. Isibonelo umuntu, umuntwana, umumemli, umungani njll)
1.2
u… Um…
(amabizonto)
Ubunye
(amabizonto kuphela isibonelo umuzi, umulenze, umunyango njll)
2 3
4 5 6 7 8.1 8.2 9 10
i… (all those that do not open with ‘isi…’, ‘im…’ & ‘in…’)
u… (non-human
excluding those with opening ‘um…’ & ‘u…’ that when in plural adopt ‘o…’)
Uku…, uko…, ukwa…, ukwe… Isi… (some isa…, ise…, iso…) Im… & in… Ama…, ame… Aba…, abe…, abo… & o… Ubu…, ubo…, utsha…, utshwa… Iz… Imi…
ISABIZWANA
ISIGABA UZALO
ONGUMUNINI WOKUQALA NOWESIBILI
o
Nxa wenza umusho xhuma isivumelwano sikamenzi egameni eliyisenzo kanje: Umama (mother) pheka (cook) isipinashi (spinach) Umama = UZALO 1.1, isivumelwano sebizo umama = u… Ngakho-ke umusho uzoma kanje: Umama upheka isipinashi. (The mother cooks spinach)
5. UKUHLELWA KWAMAGAMA ESIZULU KULESI ISIHUMUSHI NESIFANISIMAGAMA
Lesi isihumushi nesifanisimagama sihambisa ngeziqalo zamagama eziholwa wonkamisa ngokulandelana kwabo. Kuqala amagama aholwa wonkamisa bese kugcina lawo aholwa ongwaqa kungwaqasixhobo ngamunye. Okusho ukuthi amagama ngalilodwa liqala ngalawo avula ngonkamisa ‘a’ bese kulandela ungwaqasixhobo ngokulandelana kwabo ogaxwe unkamisa ngemumva ngokulandelana kwabo. Leli iphethini liyaphindwa kuze kuphele igama. Isibonelo njengoba unkamisa ‘a’ kungowokuqala ohlelweni lonkamisa, yiwo oza kuqala. Njengoba ungwaqasixhobo ‘b’ kuyiwo owokuqala enqubeni yolandelandiso lwezinhlamvumagama okusho ukuthi yiwo olandelayo usugaxwe unkamisa ofanele ngokulandelana kwabo kanje: Isiqalo isiZulu English translation aba… abalandeli followers abalobi authors / writers abangani friends …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… eba… eba steal ebangeni in / at a distance (2) in / from / at grade …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… eba… iba be e.g. iba nathi (be with us) ibalazwe map ibanga distance (2) grade …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… oba… obaba fathers obala in plain sight …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… uba… ubaba father ubala nothingness …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ba… bala count bamba hold basa make fire
p
Nakhu ukulandelana kweziqalo zamagama ngezansi: aba… eba… iba… oba… uba… ba… abe… ebe… ibe… obe… ube… be… abi… ebi… ibi… obi… ubi… bi… abo… ebo… ibo… obo… ubo… bo… abu… ebu… ibu… obu… ubu… bu…
…b… - b…
obhu… ubhu… bhu…
…bh… - bh… abha… ebha… ibha… obha… ubha… bha… abhe… ebhe… ibhe… obhe… ubhe… bhe… abhi… ebhi… ibhi… obhi… ubhi… bhi… abho… ebho… ibho… obho… ubho… bho…. abhu… ebhu… ibhu…
abla… ebla… ibla… obla… ubla… bla… able… eble… ible… oble… uble… ble… abli… ebli… ibli… obli… ubli… bli… ablo… eblo… iblo… oblo… ublo… blo… ablu… eblu… iblu… oblu… ublu… blu…
…bl… - bl…
…br… - br… abra… ebra… ibra… obra… ubra… bra… abre… ebre… ibre… obre… ubre… bre… abri… ebri… ibri… obri… ubri… bri… ablo… ebro… ibro… obro… ubro…
bro… abru… ebru… ibru… obru… ublu… bru... aca… eca… ica… oca… uca…. ca… ace…. ece… ice… oce… uce…. ce… aca… eci… ici… oci… uci… ci… aco… eco… ico… oco… uco… co… acu… ecu… icu… ocu… ucu… cu… acha… echa… icha… ocha… ucha… cha… ache… eche… iche… oche… uche… che… achi… echi… ichi… ochi… uchi… chi… acho… echo… icho…
…c… - c… …ch… - ch…
q
ocho… ucho… cho… achu…. echu… ichu… ochu… uchu… chu… …chw… - …chw…. achwa… echwa… ichwa… ochwa… uchwa…. chwa… achwe…. echwe… ichwe… ochwe… uchwe… chwe… achwi… echwi… ichwi… ochwi… uchwi… chwi… achwo… echwo… ichwo… ochwo… uchwo… chwo… achwu… echwu… ichwu… ochwu… uchwu… chwu… …cw… - cw… acwa… ecwa… icwa… ocwa… ucwa… cwa… acwe… ecwe… icwe… ocwe… ucwe… cwe… acwi… ecwi… icwi… ocwi… ucwi… cwi… acwo… ecwo… icwo… ocwo…
ucwo… cwo…… acwu… ecwu… icwu… ocwu… ucwu… cwu… ada… eda… ida… oda… uda… da… ade… ede… ide… ode… ude…. de… adi… edi… idi… odi… udi… di… ado… edo… ido… odo… udo… do… adu… edu… idu… odu… udu… du… adla… edla… idla… odla… udla… dla… adle… edle… idle… odle… udle… dle… adli… edli… idli… odli… udli… dli… adlo… edlo… idlo… odlo…
…d… - d…
…dl… - dl…
udlo… dlo… adlu… edlu… idlu… odlu… udlu... dlu…
…dlw… - dlw… adlwa… edlwa… idlwa… odlwa… udlwa…. dlwa… adlwe… edlwe… idlwe… odlwe… udlwe… dlwe… adlwi… edlwi… idlwi… odlwi… udlwi…. dlwi… adlwo… edlwo… idlwo… odlwo… udlwo... dlwo… adlwu… edlwu… idlwu… odlwu… udlwu… dlwu… …dr… - dr… adra… edra… idra… odra… udra… dra…. adre… edre… idre… odre… udre…. dre… adri…. edri… idri… odri… udri… dri… adro… edro… idro… odro…
xviii
udro… dro… adru…. edru… idru… odru… udru... dru… …dw… - dw… adwa… edwa… idwa… odwa… udwa… dwa… adwe… edwe… idwe… odwe… udwe… dwe… adwi… edwi… idwi… odwi… udwi… dwi… adwo… edwo… idwo… odwo… udwo… dwo…. adwu… edwu… idwu… odwu… udwu… dwu… …f… - f… afa… efa… ifa… ofa… ufa… fa… afe… efe… ife… ofe… ufe… fe… afi… efi… ifi… ofi… ufi… fi… afo… efo… ifo… ofo… ufo….
fo… afu… efu… ifu… ofu… ufu… fu…
fro… afru… efru… ifru… ofru… ufru… fru…
…fl… afla… efla… ifla… ofla… ufla… fla… afle… efle… ifle… ofle… ufle… fle… afli… efli… ifli… ofli… ufli… fli… aflo…. eflo… iflo… oflo… uflo… flo… aflu… eflu… iflu… oflu… uflu… flu… afra… efra… ifra… ofra… ufra… fra…… afre… efre… ifre… ofre… ufre… fre… afri… efri… ifri… ofri… ufri… fri… afro… efro… ifro… ofro… ufro…
…fr… - fr…
aga… ega… iga… oga… uga… ga… age... ege… ige… oge… uge… ge… agi… egi… igi… ogi… ugi… gi… ago… ego… igo… ogo… ugo… go… agu… egu… igu… ogu… ugu… gu… agca… egca… igca… ogca… ugca… gca… agce… egce… igce… ogce… ugce… gce… agci… egci… igci… ogci… ugci… gci… agco… egco… igco… ogco… ugco….
…g… - g…
…gc… - gc…
xix
gco… agcu… egcu… igcu… ogcu… ugcu…. gcu… …gcw… - gcw… agcwa… egcwa… igcwa… ogcwa… ugcwa… gcwa… agcwe… egcwe… igcwe… ogcwe… ugcwe… gcwe… agcwi… egcwi… igcwi… ogcwi… ugcwi… gcwi…. agcwo…. egcwo… igcwo… ogcwo… ugcwo… gcwo… agcwu… egcwu… igcwu… ogcwu… ugcwu… gcwu… …ghw… - ghw… aghwa… eghwa… ighwa… oghwa… ughwa…. ghwa… aghwe… eghwe… ighwe… oghwe… ughwe… ghwe… aghwi… eghwi… ighwi… oghwi… ughwi…. ghwi… aghwo… eghwo… ighwo… oghwo… ughwo…
ghwo… aghwu… eghwu… ighwu… oghwu… ughwu… ghwu… …gl… - gl… agla… egla… igla… ogla… ugla… gla… agle… egle… igle… ogle… ugle… gle… agli… egli… igli… ogli… ugli… gli… aglo… eglo… iglo… oglo… uglo… glo… aglu… eglu… iglu… oglu… uglu… glu… …gq… - gq… agqa… egqa… igqa… ogqa… ugqa… gqa… agqe…. egqe… igqe… ogqe… ugqe… gqe… agqi… egqi… igqi… ogqi… ugqi… gqi… agqo… egqo… igqo… ogqo… ugqo….
gqo… agqu… egqu… igqu… ogqu… ugqu… gqu… …gqw… - gqw…. agqwa… egqwa… igqwa… ogqwa… ugqwa... gqwa… agqwe… egqwe… igqwe… ogqwe… ugqwe… gqwe…. agqwi… egqwi… igqwi… ogqwi… ugqwi… gqwi… agqwo… egqwo… igqwo… ogqwo… ugqwo… gqwo… agqwu… egqwu… igqwu… ogqwu… ugqwu… gqwu… …gr… - gr…. agra… egra… igra… ogra… ugra…. gra… agre… egre… igre… ogre… ugre… gre… agri… egri… igri… ogri… ugri… gri… agro… egro… igro… ogro… ugro…
xx
gro… agru… egru… igru… ogru… ugru… gru…
…gw… - gw…
agwa… egwa… igwa… ogwa… ugwa… gwa… agwe… egwe… igwe… ogwe… ugwe… gwe… agwi… egwi… igwi… ogwi… ugwi… gwi… agwo… egwo… igwo… ogwo… ugwo… gwo… agwu… egwu… igwu… ogwu… ugwu… gwu… …gx… - gx… agxa… egxa… igxa… ogxa… ugxa… gxa… agxe… egxe… igxe… ogxe… ugxe… gxe… agxi… egxi… igxi… ogxi… ugxi… gxi… agxo… egxo… igxo… ogxo… ugxo…
gxo… agxu... egxu… igxu… ogxu… ugxu… gxu…
…gxw… - gxw… agxwa… egxwa… igxwa… ogxwa… ugxwa… gxwa…… agxwe… egxwe… igxwe… ogxwe… ugxwe… gxwe… agxwi… egxwi… igxwi… ogxwi… ugxwi… gxwi… agxwo… egxwo… igxwo… ogxwo… ugxwo… gxwo… agxwu… egxwu… igxwu… ogxwu… ugxwu… gxwu… …h… - h… aha… eha… iha… oha… uha… ha… ahe… ehe… ihe… ohe… uhe… he… ahi… ehi… ihi… ohi… uhi… hi… aho… eho… iho… oho… uho…
ho… ahu… ehu… ihu… ohu… uhu… hu…
…hh… - hh… ahha… ehha… ihha… ohha… uhha…. hha… ahhe… ehhe… ihhe… ohhe… uhhe… hhe… ahhi… ehhi… ihhi… ohhi… uhhi… hhi… ahho… ehho… ihho… ohho… uhho…. hho… ahhu… ehhu… ihhu… ohhu… uhhu… hhu… …hl… - hl… ahla… ehla… ihla… ohla… uhla… hla… ahle… ehle… ihle… ohle… uhle… hle… ahli… ehli… ihli… ohli… uhli… hli… ahlo…. ehlo… ihlo… ohlo… uhlo…
xxi
hlo… ahlu… ehlu… ihlu… ohlu… uhlu… hlu… …hlw… - hlw… ahlwa… ehlwa… ihlwa… ohlwa… uhlwa… hlwa… ahlwe… ehlwe… ihlwe… ohlwe… uhlwe…. hlwe… ahlwi… ehlwi… ihlwi… ohlwi… uhlwi…. hlwi… ahlwo… ehlwo… ihlwo… ohlwo… uhlwo… hlwo… ahlwu… ehlwu… ihlwu… ohlwu… uhlwu… hlwu… …hw… - hw… ahwa… ehwa… ihwa… ohwa… uhwa… hwa… ahwe… ehwe… ihwe… ohwe… uhwe…. hwe… ahwi… ehwi… ihwi… ohwi… uhwi… hwi… ahwo… ehwo… ihwo… ohwo… uhwo…
hwo… ahwu… ehwu… ihwu… ohwu… uhwu… hwu… …hw… - hw…. ahwa… ehwa… ihwa… ohwa… uhwa… hwa… ahwe… ehwe… ihwe… ohwe… uhwe… hwe… ahwi… ehwi… ihwi… ohwi… uhwi… hwi… ahwo… ehwo… ihwo… ohwo… uhwo…. hwo… ahwu… ehwu… ihwu… ohwu… uhwu… hwu… …j… - j… aja… eja… ija… oja… uja… ja… aje…. eje… ije… oje… uje… je… aji… eji… iji… oji… uji… ji… ajo… ejo… ijo… ojo… ujo…
jo… aju… eju… iju… oju… uju… ju…
…jw… - jw… ajwa… ejwa… ijwa… ojwa… ujwa… jwa… ajwe… ejwe… ijwe… ojwe… ujwe… jwe… ajwi… ejwi… ijwi… ojwi… ujwi… jwi… ajwo…. ejwo… ijwo… ojwo… ujwo…. jwo… ajwu… ejwu… ijwu… ojwu… ujwu… jwu… …k… - k… aka… eka… ika… oka… uka… ka… ake… eke… ike… oke… uke… ke… aki…. eki… iki… oki… uki…. ki… ako… eko… iko… oko… uko…
xxii
ko… aku… eku… iku… oku… uku…. ku…
…kh… - kh… akha… ekha… ikha… okha… ukha… kha… akhe… ekhe… ikhe… okhe… ukhe… khe… akhi… ekhi… ikhi… okhi… ukhi… khi… akho… ekho… ikho… okho… ukho… kho… akhu… ekhu… ikhu… okhu… ukhu… khu… …khr… - khr… akhra… ekhra… ikhra… okhra… ukhra…. khra… akhre… ekhre… ikhre… okhre… ukhre… khre… akhri… ekhri… ikhri… okhri… ukhri… khri… akhro… ekhro… ikhro… okhro… ukhro…
khro…… akhru… ekhru… ikhru… okhru… ukhru… khru…
…khw… - khw… akhwa… ekhwa… ikhwa… okhwa… ukhwa… khwa… akhwe… ekhwe… ikhwe… okhwe… ukhwe… khwe… akhwi… ekhwi… ikhwi… okhwi… ukhwi… khwi… akhwo… ekhwo… ikhwo… okhwo… ukhwo... khwo… akhwu…. ekhwu… ikhwu… okhwu… ukhwu… khwu… …kl… - kl… akla… ekla… ikla… okla… ukla… kla… akle… ekle… ikle… okle… ukle… kle… akli… ekli… ikli… okli… ukli… kli… aklo… eklo… iklo… oklo… uklo…
klo… aklu… eklu… iklu… oklu… uklu… klu…
…klw… aklwa… eklwa… iklwa… oklwa… uklwa… klwa… aklwe… eklwe… iklwe… oklwe… uklwe… klwe… aklwi… eklwi… iklwi… oklwi… uklwi… klwi… aklwo… eklwo… iklwo… oklwo… uklwo… klwo…. aklwu… eklwu… iklwu…… oklwu… uklwu… klwu… …kw… - kw… akwa… ekwa… ikwa… okwa… ukwa… kwa… akwe… ekwe… ikwe… okwe… ukwe… kwe… akwi… ekwi… ikwi… okwi… ukwi… kwi… akwo… ekwo… ikwo… okwo… ukwo…
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kwo… akwu… ekwu… ikwu… okwu… ukwu… kwu… ala… ela… ila… ola… ula… la… ale… ele… ile… ole… ule… le… ali… eli… ili… oli… uli… li…. alo… elo… ilo… olo… ulo… lo…. alu… elu… ilu… olu… ulu… lu…
…l… - l…
…lw… - lw… alwa… elwa… ilwa… olwa… ulwa… lwa… alwe…. elwe… ilwe… olwe… ulwe… lwe… alwi… elwi… ilwi… olwi… ulwi.. lwi… alwo… elwo… ilwo… olwo… ulwo…
lwo… alwu… elwu… ilwu… olwu… ulwu… lwu…
…m… - m… ama… ema… ima… oma… uma… ma… ame…. eme… ime… ome… ume… me… ami… emi… imi… omi… ui… mi… amo… emo… imo… omo… umo… mo… amu… emu… imu… omu… umu… mu… …mb…. – mb… amba… emba… imba… omba… umba… mba… ambe…. embe… imbe… ombe… umbe… mbe… ambi… embi… imbi… ompi… umbi… mbi… ambo… embo… imbo… ombo… umbo…
mbo… ambu… embu… imbu… ombu… umbu… mbu… …mf… - mf… amfa… emfa… imfa… omfa… umfa… mfa… amfe… emfe… imfe… omfe… umfe… mfe… amfi…. emfi… imfi… omfi… ufi… mfi… amfo… emfo… imfo… omfo… umfo… mfo… amfu… emfu… imfu… omfu… umfu… mfu… …mp… ampa… empa… impa… ompa… umpa… mpa… ampe… empe… impe… ompe… umpe… mpe… ampi… emi… impi… ompi… umpi… mpi… ampo… empo… impo… ompo… umpo…
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mpo… ampu… empu… impu… ompu… umpu… mpu… …mv… - mv… amva… emva… imva… omva… umva… mva… amve… emve… imve… omve… umve… mve… amvi… emvi… imvi… omvi… uvi… mvi… amvo… emvo… imvo… omvo… umvo… mvo… amvu… emvu… imvu… omvu… umvu… mvu… …n… - n… ana… ena… ina… ona… una… na… ane… ene… ine… one… une… ne… ani… eni… ini… oni… uni… ni… ano… eno… ino… ono… uno…
no… anu… enu… inu… onu… unu… nu…
…nc… - nc… anca… enca… inca… onca… unca… nca… ance… ence… ince… once… unce… nce… anci… enci… inci… onci… unci… nci… anco… enco… inco… onco… unco… nco… ancu… encu… incu… oncu… uncu… ncu… …ncw… - ncw… ancwa… encwa… incwa… oncwa… uncwa… ncwa… ancwe… encwe… incwe… oncwe… uncwe… ncwe… ancwi… encwi… incwi… oncwi… uncwi… ncwi… ancwo… encwo… incwo… oncwo… uncwo… ncwo…
ancwu… encwu… incwu… oncwu… uncwu… ncwu… …nd… - nd… anda… enda… inda… onda… unda… nda… ande… ende… inde… onde… unde… nde… andi… endi… indi… ondi… undi… ndi… ando… endo… indo… ondo… undo… ndo…. andu… endu… indu… ondu… undu… ndu… …ndw… - ndw… andwa… endwa… indwa… ondwa… undwa… ndwa… andwe… endwe… indwe… ondwe… undwe… ndwe… andwi… endwi… indwi… ondwi… undwi… ndwi… andwo… endwo… indwo… ondwo… undwo… ndwo… andwu…
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endwu… indwu… ondwu… undwu… ndwu… …ng… - ng… anga… enga… inga… onga… unga… nga… ange… enge… inge… onge… unge… nge… angi… engi… ingi… ongi… ungi… ngi… ango… engo… ingo… ongo… ungo… ngo… angu… engu… ingu… ongu… ungu… ngu… …ngc… - ngc… angca… engca… ingca… ongca… ungca… ngca… angce… engce… ingce… ongce… ungce… ngce… angci… engci… ingci… ongci… ungci… ngci… angco… engco… ingco… ongco… ungco… ngco… angcu…
engcu… ingcu… ongcu… ungcu… ngcu…
…ngcw… - ngcw… angcwa… engcwa… ingcwa… ongcwa… ungcwa… ngcwa… angcwe… engcwe… ingcwe… ongcwe… ungcwe… ngcwe… angcwi… engcwi… ingcwi… ongcwi… ungcwi… ngcwi… angcwo… engcwo… ingcwo… ongcwo… ungcwo… ngcwo… angcwu… engcwu… ingcwu… ongcwu… ungcwu… ngcwu… …ngq… - mgq… angqa… engqa… ingqa… ongqa… ungqa… ngqa… angqe… engqe… ingqe… ongqe… ungqe… ngqe… angqi… engqi… ingqi… ongqi… ungqi… ngqi… angqo… engqo… ingqo… ongqo… ungqo… ngqo… angqu… engqu…
ingqu… ongqu… ungqu… ngqu…
…ngqw… - ngqw… angqwa… engqwa… ingqwa… ongqwa… ungqwa… ngqwa… angqwe… engqwe… ingqwe… ongqwe… ungqwe… ngqwe… angqwi… engqwi… ingqwi… ongqwi… ungqwi… ngqwi… angqwo… engqwo… ingqwo… ongqwo… ungqwo… ngqwo… angqwu… engqwu… ingqwu… ongqwu… ungqwu… ngqwu… …ngw… - ngw… angwa… engwa… ingwa… ongwa… ungwa… ngwa… angwe… engwe… ingwe… ongwe… ungwe… ngwe… angwi… engwi… ingwi… ongwi… ungwi… ngwi… angwo… engwo… ingwo… ongwo… ungwo… ngwo…. angwu… engwu…
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ingwu… ongwu… ungwu… ngwu… …ngx… - ngx… angxa… engxa… ingxa… ongxa… ungxa… ngxa… angxe… engxe… ingxe… ongxe… ungxe… ngxe… angxi… engxi… ingxi… ongxi… ungxi… ngxi… angxo… engxo… ingxo… ongxo… ungxo… ngxo… angxu… engxu… ingxu… ongxu… ungxu… ngxu… …ngxw… - ngxw… angxwa… engxwa… ingxwa… ongxwa… ungxwa… ngxwa… angxwe… engxwe… ingxwe… ongxwe… ungxwe… ngxwe… angxwi… engxwi… ingxwi… ongxwi… ungxwi… ngxwi… angxwo… engxwo… ingxwo… ongxwo… ungxwo… ngxwo… angxwu… engxwu…
ingxwu… ongxwu… ungxwu… ngxwu… …nhl… - nhl… anhla… enhla… inhla… onhla… unhla… nhla… anhle… enhle… inhle… onhle… unhle… nhle… anhli… enhli… inhli… onhli… unhli… nhli… anhlo… enhlo… inhlo… onhlo… unhlo… nhlo… anhlu… enhlu… inhlu… onhlu… unhlu…. nhlu… …nhlw… - nhlw… anhlwa… enhlwa… inhlwa… onhlwa… unhlwa… nhlwa… anhlwe… enhlwe… inhlwe… onhlwe… unhlwe… nhlwe… anhlwi… enhlwi… inhlwi… onhlwi… unhlwi… nhlwi… anhlwo… enhlwo… inhlwo… onhlwo… unhlwo… nhlwo… anhlwu… enhlwu…
inhlwu… onhlwu… unhlwu… nhlwu… …nj… - nj… anja… enja… inja… onja… unja… nja… anje… enje… inje… onje… unje… nje… anji… enji… inji… onji… unji… nji… anjo… enjo… injo… onjo… unjo… njo… anju… enju… inju… onju… unju… nju… …njw… - njw… anjwa… enjwa… injwa… onjwa… unjwa… njwa… anjwe… enjwe… injwe… onjwe… unjwe… njwe…. anjwi… enjwi… injwi… onjwi… unjwi… njwi… anjwo… enjwo… injwo… onjwo… unjwo… njwo… anjwu… enjwu…
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injwu… onjwu… unjwu… njwu… …nk… - nk… anka… enka… inka… onka… unka…. nka… anke… enke… inke… onke… unke… nke… anki… enki… inki… onki… unki…. nki… anko… enko… inko… onko… unko… nko… anku… enku… inku… onku… unku… nku… …nkl… - nkl… ankla… enkla… inkla… onkla… unkla… nkla… ankle… enkle… inkle… onkle… unkle… nkle… ankli… enkli… inkli… onkli… unkli…. nkli… anklo… enklo… inklo… onklo… unklo… nklo… anklu… enklu…
inklu… onklu… unklu… nklu… …nklw… - nklw… anklwa… enklwa… inklwa… onklwa… unklwa… nklwa… anklwe… enklwe… inklwe… onklwe… unklwe… nklwe… anklwi… enklwi… inklwi… onklwi… unklwi… nklwi… anklwo… enklwo… inklwo… onklwo… unklwo… nklwo… anklwu… enklwu… inklwu… onklwu… unklwu… nklwu… …nkw… - nkw… ankwa… enkwa… inkwa… onkwa… unkwa… nkwa… ankwe… enkwe… inkwe… onkwe… unjwe… njwe… anjwi…. enjwi… injwi… onjwi… unjwi… njwi… anjwo… enjwo… injwo… onjwo… unjwo… njwo… anjwu… enjwu…
injwu… onjwu… unjwu… njwu… …nq… - nq… anqa… enqa… inqa… onqa… unqa… nqa… anqe… enqe… inqe… onqe… unqe… nqe… anqi… enqi… inqi… onqi… unqi…. nqi… anqo… enqo… inqo… onqo… unqo… nqo…. anqu… enqu… inqu… onqu… unqu… nqu… …nqw… - nqw… anqwa… enqwa… inqwa… onqwa… unqwa… nqwa… anqwe… enqwe… inqwe… onqwe… unqwe… nqwe… anqwi… enqwi… inqwi… onqwi… unqwi… nqwi… anqwo… enqwo… inqwo… onqwo… unqwo… nqwo… anqwu… enqwu…
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inqwu… onqwu… unqwu… nqwu… …ns…. – ns… ansa… ensa… insa… onsa… unsa… nsa… anse… ense… inse… onse… unse… nse… ansi… ensi… insi… onsi… unsi… nsi… anso… enso… inso… onso… unso… nso… ansu… ensu… insu… onsu… unsu… nsu… …nsw…. – nsw… answa… enswa… inswa… onswa… unswa… nswa… answe… enswe… inswe… onswe… unswe… nswe… answi… enswi… inswi… onswi… unswi… nswi… answo… enswo… inswo… onswo… unswo… nswo… answu… enswu…
inswu… onswu… unswu… nswu… …nt… - nt… anta… enta… inta… onta… unta… nta… ante… ente… inte… onte… unte… nte… anti… enti… inti… onti… unti… nti… anto… ento… into… onto… unto… nto… antu… entu… intu… ontu… untu… ntu… …ntw… - ntw… antwa… entwa… intwa… ontwa… untwa… ntwa… antwe… entwe… intwe… ontwe… untwe… ntwe… antwi… entwi… intwi… ontwi… untwi… ntwi… antwo… entwo… intwo… ontwo… untwo… ntwo… antwu… entwu…
intwu… ontwu… untwu… ntwu… …nw… - nw… anwa… enwa… inwa… onwa… unwa… nwa… anwe… enwe… inwe… onwe… unwe… nwe… anwi…. enwi… inwi… onwi… unwi… nwi… anwo… enwo… inwo… onwo… unwo… nwo… anwu… enwu… inwu… onwu… unwu… nwu… …nx… - nx… anxa… enxa… inxa… onxa… unxa… nxa… anxe… enxe… inxe… onxe… unxe… nxe… anxi… enxi… inxi… onxi… unxi… nxi… anxo… enxo… inxo… onxo… unxo… nxo… anxu… enxu…
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inxu… onxu… unxu… nxu… …nxw… -nxw… anxwa… enxwa… inxwa… onxwa… unxwa… nxwa… anxwe… enxwe… inxwe… onxwe… unxwe… nxwe… anxwi… enxwi… inxwi… onxwi… unxwi… nxwi… anxwo… enxwo… inxwo… onxwo… unxwo… nxwo… anxwu… enxwu… inxwu… onxwu… unxwu… nxwu… …ny… - ny… anya… enya… inya… onya… unya… nya… anye… enye… inye… onye… unye… nye… anyi… enyi… inyi… onyi… unyi… nyi… anyo… enyo… inyo… onyo… unyo… nyo… anyu… enyu…
inyu… onyu… unyu…. nyu… …nyw… - nyw… anywa… enywa… inywa… onywa… unywa… nywa… anywe… enywe… inywe… onywe… unywe… nywe… anywi… enywi… inywi… onywi… unywi… nywi… anywo… enywo… inywo… onywo… unywo… nywo… anywu… enywu… inywu… onywu… unywu… nywu… …nz… - nz… anza… enza… inza… onza… unza… nza… anze… enze… inze… onze… unze… nze… anzi… enzi… inzi… onzi… unzi… nzi… anzo… enzo… inzo… onzo… unzo… nzo… anzu… enzu…
inzu… onzu… unzu… nzu… …nzw… - nzw… anzwa… enzwa… inzwa… onzwa… unzwa… nzwa… anzwe… enzwe… inzwe… onzwe… unzwe… nzwe… anzwi… enzwi… inzwi… onzwi… unzwi… nzwi… anzwo… enzwo… inzwo… onzwo… unzwo… nzwo… anzwu… enzwu… inzwu… onzwu… unzwu… nzwu… …p…. – p… apa… epa… ipa… opa… upa… pa… ape… epe… ipe… ope… upe… pe… api… epi… ipi… opi… upi… pi… apo… epo… ipo… opo… upo… po… apu… epu…
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ipu… opu… upu… pu…
…ph… - ph… apha… epha… ipha… opha… upha… pha… aphe… ephe… iphe… ophe… uphe… phe… aphi… ephi… iphi… ophi… uphi… phi… apho… epho… ipho… opho… upho… pho… aphu… ephu… iphu… ophu… uphu… phu… …q… - q… aqa… eqa… iqa… oqa… uqa… qa… aqe… eqe… iqe… oqe… uqe… qe… aqi… eqi… iqi… oqi… uqi… qi… aqo… eqo… iqo… oqo… uqo… qo… aqu… equ…
iqu… oqu… uqu… qu…
…qh… - qh… aqha… eqha… iqha… oqha… uqha… qha… aqhe… eqhe… iqhe… oqhe… uqhe… qhe… aqhi… eqhi… iqhi… oqhi… uqhi… qhi… aqho… eqho… iqho… oqho… uqho… qho… aqhu… eqhu… iqhu… oqhu… uqhu… qhu… …qhw… - qhw… aqhwa… eqhwa… iqhwa… oqhwa… uqhwa… qhwa… aqhwe… eqhwe… iqhwe… oqhwe… uqhwe… qhwe… aqhwi… eqhwi… iqhwi… oqhwi… uqhwi… qhwi…. aqhwo… eqhwo… iqhwo… oqhwo… uqhwo… qhwo… aqhwu… eqhwu…
iqhwu… oqhwu… uqhwu… qhwu… …qw… - qw… aqwa… eqwa… iqwa… oqwa… uqwa… qwa… eqwe… iqwe… oqwe… uqwe… qwe… aqwi… eqwi… iqwi… oqwi… uqwi… qwi… aqwo… eqwo… iqwo… oqwo… uqwo… qwo… aqwu… eqwu… iqwu… oqwu… uqwu… qwu… …r… - r… ara… era… ira… ora… ura… ra… are… ere… ire… ore… ure… re… ari… eri… iri… ori… uri… ri…. aro… ero… iro… oro… uqo… ro… aru… eru… iru…
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oru… uru… ru… asa… esa… isa… osa… usa… sa… ase… ese… ise… ose… use… se… asi… esi… isi… osi… usi… si… aso… eso… iso… oso… uso… so… asu… esu… isu… osu… usu… su…
…s… - s…
…sh… - sh… asha… esha… isha… osha… usha… sha… ashe… eshe… ishe… oshe… ushe… she… ashi… eshi… ishi… oshi… ushi…. shi… asho… esho… isho… osho… usho… sho… ashu… eshu… ishu…
oshu… ushu… shu… …shw… - shw… ashwa… eshwa… ishwa… oshwa… ushwa… shwa… ashwe… eshwe… ishwe… oshwe… ushwe… shwe… ashwi… eshwi… ishwi… oshwi… ushwi… shwi… ashwo… eshwo… ishwo… oshwo… ushwo… shwo… ashwu… eshwu… ishwu… oshwu… ushwu… shwu… …t… - t… ata… eta… ita… ota… uta… ta… ate… ete… ite… ote… ute… te… ati… eti… iti… oti… uti… ti… ato… eto… ito… oto… uto… to… atu… etu… itu…
otu… utu… tu… atha… etha… itha… otha… utha… tha… athe… ethe… ithe… othe… uthe… the… athi… ethi… ithi… othi… uthi… thi… atho… etho… itho… otho… utho… tho… athu…. ethu… ithu… othu… uthu… thu…
…th… -th…
…thw… - thw… athwa… ethwa… ithwa… othwa… uthwa… thwa… athwe… ethwe… ithwe… othwe… uthwe… thwe… athwi… ethwi… ithwi… othwi… uthwi… thwi… athwo… ethwo… ithwo… othwo… uthwo… thwo… athwu… ethwu… ithwu…
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othwu… uthwu… thwu… …thw… - thw… athwa… ethwa… ithwa… othwa… uthwa… thwa… athwe… ethwe… ithwe… othwe… uthwe… thwe… athwi… ethwi… ithwi… othwi… uthwi… thwi… athwo… ethwo… ithwo… othwo… uthwo… thwo… athwu… ethwu… ithwu… othwu… uthwu… thwu… …tr… - tr… atra… etra… itra… otra… utra… tra… atre… etre… itre… otre… utre… tre… atri… etri… itri… otri… utri… tri… atro… etro… itro… otro… utro…. tro… atru… etru… itru…
otru… utru… tru…
…ts… - ts… atsa… etsa… itsa… otsa… utsa… tsa… atse… etse… itse… otse… utse… tse… atsi… etsi… itsi… otsi… utsi… tsi… atso… etso… itso… otso… utso… tso… atsu… etsu… itsu… otsu… utsu… tsu… …tsh…. – tsh… atsha… etsha… itsha… otsha… utsha… tsha… atshe… etshe… itshe… otshe… utshe… tshe… atshi… etshi… itshi… otshi… utshi… tshi…. atsho… etsho… itsho… otsho… utsho… tsho… atshu… etshu… itshu…
otshu… utshu… tshu…
…tshw… - tshw… atshwa… etshwa… itshwa… otshwa… utshwa… tshwa… atshwe… etshwe… itshwe… otshwe… utshwe… tshwe… atshwi… etshwi… itshwi… otshwi… utshwi… tshwi… atshwo… etshwo… itshwo… otshwo… utshwo… tshwo… atshwu… etshwu… itshwu… otshwu… utshwu… tshwu… …tw… - tw… atwa… etwa… twa… otwa… utwa…. twa… atwe… etwe… itwe… otwe… utwe… twe… atwi… etwi… itwi… otwi… utwi… twi… atwo… etwo… itwo… otwo… utwo… two… atwu… etwu…
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itwu… otwu… utwu… twu… ava… eva… iva… ova… uva… va… ave… eve… ive… ove… uve… ve… avi… evi… ivi… ovi… uvi… vi… avo… evo… ivo… ovo… uvo… vo… avu… evu… ivu… ovu… uvu… vu… awa… ewa… iwa… owa… uwa… wa… awe… ewe… iwe… owe… uwe… we… awi… ewi… iwi… owi… uwi… wi… awo… ewo… iwo… owo… uwo… wo… awu…
…v… - v…
…w… - w…
ewu… iwu… owu… uwu… wu… axa… exa… ixa… oxa… uxa… xa… axe… exe… ixe… oxe… uxe… xe… axi… exi… ixi… oxi… uxi… xi… axo… exo… ixo… oxo… uxo… xo… axu… exu… ixu… oxu… uxu… xu…
…x… - x…
…xw… - xw… axwa… exwa… ixwa… oxwa… uxwa… xwa… axwe… exwe… ixwe… oxwe… uxwe… xwe… axwi… exwi… ixwi… oxwi… uxwi… xwi… axwo… exwo… ixwo… oxwo… uxwo… xwo… axwu…
exwu… ixwu… oxwu… uxwu… xwu… aza… eza… iza… oza… uza… za… aze… eze… ize… oze… uze… ze… azi… ezi… izi… ozi… uzi… zi… azo… ezo… izo… ozo… uzo… zo… azu… ezu… izu… ozu… uzu… zu… azwa… ezwa… izwa… ozwa… uzwa… zwa… azwe… ezwe… izwe… ozwe… uzwe… zwe… azwi… ezwi… izwi… ozwi… uzwi… zwi… azwo… ezwo… izwo… ozwo… uzwo… zwo… azwu….
…z… - z…
…zw…
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ezwu… izwu… ozwu…
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Aba… aba… (isiqalo / prefix) prefix for isiZulu nouns belonging to UZL 8.1 e.g. abantu (people), abangani (friends) (2) aba… is also a prefix sound-unit concord (umusindo oyisiqalo nesivumelwano) that supports UZL 8.1 when used to qualify the nouns belonging to this cluster e.g. abantu abahle (beautiful people), abangani abaningi (many friends), ogandaganda abadala (old tractors) aba /caza / abelana / hlukanisa / hlukanisela / hlukaniselana / cazela / cazelana / phana (isenzo / verb) distribute, give out, allocate, allot ababaluli / abaphawuli / abacubunguli / abaphicothi / abaciphothi / abahluzi / abahluleli (UZL NC 8.1) commentators, commenters, monitors, observers, bloggers, judges, exponents, expounders, scholiasts, critics, analysts, pundits Ababani?/Abakabani? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Who do they belong to? ; Who are they for? ababangisi / ababangayo / abaqhudelanayo / abaqhophisani / abaqhudelani (UZL NC 8.1)/ izimbangi (UZL NC 9) / omunakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) contenders, competitors, rivals, opponents, adversaries, antagonists ababaseli / abaphembi / abakhuthazi / abaphehlidweshu (UZL NC 8.1) instigators, motivators, originators, inciters, fomenters, troublemakers Ababazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They do not know them. ababazi / okhaphenta (UZL NC 8.1) carpenters, carvers, woodworkers, joiners, cabinetmakers, cupboard makers, chair makers. ababeleseli / ababeleselayo / abaqoqizikweletu / abakhonondi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaphelendlebeni (UZL NC 7) naggers, debt-collectors, termagants,
harpies, fault-finders, complainers, grumblers ababeli / abahlukaniselani / abaphaki distributors, ababengi / abahlinzi / ababengisi / ababengayo / abahlinzayo (UZL NC 8.1) skinners, peelers, butchers, meat slicers, removers of covering, assistants, butcher assistants. ababi / aboni / (UZL NC 8.1) izoni / izigilamukhuba (UZL NC 9) the ugly ones, the evil ones, the wicked, the sinners, the condemned ababili (UZL NC 8.1) a pair, two ababilile / abaphaphaphayo / abaqinile / onontandakubukwa (UZL NC 8.1) uncontrollable people, wild people, hyperactive people, extroverts, ungovernable people, disorderly people, attention-seekers ababo (ongumunini / possessive : UZL NC 8.1 > UZL NC 8.1) e.g. abantu ababo / The people belong to them. Abantu = UZL NC 8.1 ababo = UZL NC 8.1); Obhanana ababo. / The bananas are theirs. / The bananas are for them.)
ababongeli / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) / izethameli (UZL NC 9) admirers, enthusiasts, followers, cheering crowd, supporting fans, supporters, devotees, enthusiasts ababukelayo / ababukeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izethameli (UZL NC 9) / abalaleli / abangabambiqhaza / abathameli (UZL NC 8.1) audience, spectators, onlookers, watchers, viewers, observers, witnesses, eyewitnesses, bystanders, non-participants, sightseers; commentators, reporters, monitors, bloggers ababukeli / ababukelayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izethameli (UZL NC 9) spectators; onlookers, watchers, lookers-on, viewers, sightseers, bystanders, nonparticipants, (see ababukelayo above) ababukelwayo / ababukisi / abadlali (UZL NC 8.1) the players, the actors, contests, performers, entertainers
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ababukisayo / ababukisingqephu / onontandakubukwa (UZL NC 8.1) exhibitors, modellers, fashion modellers, displayers, the ones who show off; the pompous ones ababulali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinkabi (UZL NC 9) / abasocongi / abakhiphimiphemulo (UZL NC 8.1) / izigebengu / izigelekeqe / izixhwanguxhwangu / izigcwelegcwele (UZL NC 9) murderers, killers, liquidators, terminators, slaughterers, people who conspire to commit homicide ababulawa / ababhujiswa / abakhimbilwa (UZL NC 8.1) the killed, the murdered, the deceased ababulewe / ababhujisiwe /abafile / abagcweleziwe / abangasekho / abashonile / abaphangalele / abakwelokuthula (UZL NC 8.1) the killed, the murdered, the dead the no more, the departed ababusayo / abajabulayo / abanethezekile (UZL NC 8.1) the celebrators, the commemorators, the party participants, the joyful (2) the rich, the very wealthy, the elite class ababusi / abaphakanyiswa/ abaphathi / onsumpa / omongameli / ongqongqoshe (UZL NC 8.1) / amalunga-ephalamende / amakhansela / amakhosi (UZL NC 7) governors, administrators, rulers e.g. chiefs, leaders, principals, heads, premiers, presidents, chancellors, managers, directors, chairpersons, supervisors, commissioners etc. ababusisiwe /ababusisekile / abanamathamusanqa / abanenhlanhla (UZL NC 8.1) the blessed ones, the lucky ones, the favoured, the fortunate, the privileged, the selected ababuzi / abaphenyi/ abaciphothi a(UZL NC 8.1) askers, questioners, those who are
involved in any of the following acts: investigation, enquiry, examination, scrutiny, inquest, exploration, research ababhaki (UZL NC 8.1) bakers ababhalayo / abacikicayo (UZL NC 8.1) the writing ones, (2) examination candidates, the ones who are studying for exams ababhali / abalobi (UZL NC 8.1) / izimbongi (UZL NC 9) / amacikokubhala (UZL NC 7)/ izintatheli (UZL NC 9) / abaqambimaculo (UZL NC 8.1) authors, writers, wordsmiths, novelists, dramatists, playwrights, screenwriters, scriptwriters, poets, essayists, biographers, journalists, columnists, reporters, correspondents, lyricists, songwriters ababhemi / abashayayo / ababhemayo (UZL NC 8.1) smokers, sniffers, drug addicts ababhemu / abangani / abahlobo / obhululu (UZL NC 8.1) friends, colleagues, mates ababhidisayo / okhondathabamakhwaya (UZL NC 8.1) choir conductors , conductors ababhikishi / osiyayinyomfa / abateleki (UZL NC 8.1) protestors, objectors, demonstrators, activists, picketers ababhodile (UZL NC 8.1)/ amabhoda (UZL NC 7) boarders ababhukudi / abaqubhi / abadayivi / ababhukudayo / abaqubhayo / abadadayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinhlanzi (UZL NC 9) swimmers, divers, professional swimmers ababhukuli / ababhukule / abasukumile / abakhathele / abafunizinguquko / abezinguquko / abafunishintsho / odelikufa / ababhebhezelidweshu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izishovushovu (UZL NC 9)/ amashoshozela (UZL NC 7) change
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agents, revolutionaries, freedom fighters, insurgents, diehards abacabangi / abacabangango / abacabimathambo / ongqondogqondo (UZL NC 8.1) / izingcithabuchopho / izinjulangqondo (UZL NC 9) the thinkers, the theorists, the theoreticians, the ideologists, the philosophers, the scholars, the savants, the sages, the intellectuals, the intellects, the minded, the learned people abacabimathambo / abacubunguli / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) / izazi (UZL NC 9) (literal meaning = bone chewers) critical thinkers, the theorists, the theoreticians, analysts, the ideologists, the philosophers, the scholars, the savants, the sages, the intellectuals, the intellects, the minded, the learned people, forensic analysts, forensic investigators abacelayo / abancengayo /abakhangezile / abakhangezayo / ononkongozelo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izincengi / izihlupheki / izincelebane / izikhothami (UZL NC 9)/ abakhothami / abakhothamayo / abancikile / abancikayo (UZL NC 8.1) beggars, tramps, beggarmen, beggarwomen, vagrants, vagabonds, down-and-outs, homeless people, derelicts, mendicants, paupers, hobos abachathami / abachathamayo / abazingeli / abanyonyobayo / abacuphi (UZL NC 8.1) sneakers, hunters, stalkers, huntmen, huntswomen, trappers abacebile / abadlizambanelikapondo / ongxiwankulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicebi / izinginga / izinkinsela (UZL NC 9) rich people, wealthy people, the ruling class, capitalists abacebisi/ abaluleki (UZL NC 8.1) / amakhonsalithenti (UZL NC 7)/ othisha / onxazisuka (UZL NC 8.1) advisors,
counsellors, mentors, guides, consultants, confidants, confidantes, guides, right-hand men, right handwomen, aides, helpers, instructors, coaches, trainers, teachers, tutors, gurus abacebisi-ngezimali (UZL NC 8.1) financial advisors, investor advisers abacebisi-ngezikweleti (UZL NC 8.1) debt counsellors abacebisi-ngezomuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) legal advisers, legal aid, lawyers abacebisi-ngotshalomali (UZL NC 8.1) asset managers, investment advisers abacibi (UZL NC 8.1) hurlers, baseball pitchers abacindezeli /abahlukumezi / ongxiwankulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ amadlagusha (UZL NC 7) oppressors, imperialists, exploiters, discriminators, persecutors, tyrants, despots, autocrats, bullies, slavedrivers, totalitarian leaders, hard taskmasters, scourges, dictators, tormentors, torturers, intimidators, subjugators abacindezelwe /abahlukunyezwayo / abacwaswa / abaxwaswayo / abangenazwi / abacindezelwe (UZL NC 8.1) the oppressed, exploited, discriminated, voiceless, persecuted, the downtrodden, the abused, maltreated, the ill-treated, the unjustly treated, tyrannized, the subjugated, the repressed, subdued, the crushed, the enslaved, the exploited, the victimized, the misused, the disadvantaged, the underprivileged, the ground down, the browbeaten abaciphothi / abaphenyi / abacubunguli (UZL NC 8.1) analysts, critics, commentators, observers, monitors, pundits, experts, authorities of field knowledge, arbiters, interpreters of facts, forensic investigators, exponents,
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expounders, editors, authors, reviewers, appraisers, evaluators, judges, scholiasts, exegetes abacishimililo / abahlanguli (UZL NC 8.1) firefighters, fire rescuers, emergency rescuers abacoci / abahlanzekile / abahlanzizindlu / abathuthinkucuza (UZL NC 8.1) cleaners, scrubbers, neat people, waste-men, waste-women, waste managers, hygienic people abacophele (UZL NC 8.1) /iziqashi (UZL NC 9)/ abaqashile / abacophisiwe / abacashisiwe (UZL NC 8.1)/ amagoduka (UZL NC 7) tenants, squatters, temporal occupants, leaseholders, lessees, renters, lodgers, boarders abacophelele / abaqaphelile / abalananokuthi-khwishi (UZL NC 8.1) careful people, vigilant people, extremely alert people abacubunguli / abaciphothi analysts, critics, commentators, (check abaciphothi above) abacucuzayo / abacucuzi / abacothi (UZL NC 8.1) izinoko / izinamba / izinenzi (UZL NC 9) slow people abaculi / abahlabeleli / abahlabelelayo / abaculayo (UZL NC 8.1) / amaciko / amagagu (UZL NC 7) imizwilili (UZL NC 10) singers, musicians, vocalists, soloists, songsters, songstresses, guitarists, pianists abacuphi/ abezomushoshaphansi / abezomoya / oheshane (UZL NC 8.1) / izinhloli / izimpimpi; (UZL NC 9) underground-operators, the spies, the plotters, the trappers, espionage, spying, undercover, espionage, spying, undercover work, team, intelligence operatives, eavesdropping operatives, surveillance personnel, counterespionage, eavesdropping operatives, operatives, counterintelligence operatives
abacushiwe/ abacushwa (UZL NC 8.1) the trapped, the tricked, the blackmailed, the stalked, those under surveillance , the spied on abachakile / abahluphekayo / abangenalutho / abanhlwempu / abadingayo / abantulayo /ondingasithebeni / omahambehlala (UZL NC 8.1)/ izihlupheki (UZL NC 9) the poor, the indigents, the have-nots, the homeless, the hungry, the needy abachathi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinyanga / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi / abahlanzanayo / abahlanzi / abangwelisayo / abangwelisi (UZL NC 8.1) enamel administrators, spiritual healers, religious healers, faith oriented healers (2) abachathi / osomaqhinga propagandists, propagators, indoctrinators, the brain -washers, those performing bowel cleansing abachathiwe / abahlohliwe / abajojiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the ones whose bowels has been cleansed (2) the indoctrinated, the brain-washed (3) abachathiwe / abahlohliwe / abajojiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the ones whose bowels has been cleansed (4) the indoctrinated, the brain-washed, the forced, the coerced abachazi / abezentuthukoyomuphakathi / abezokuthukiswakwemiphakathi (UZL NC 8.1) those tasked with explaining, the facilitators, development facilitators, the community development workers abachazekile / abajabulile / abanelisekile (UZL NC 8.1) the impressed, the pleased, those who are in agreement.(1) abachathi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinyanga / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi (UZL NC 8.1) enamel administrators, spiritual healers, religious healers, faith oriented healers (2) abachathi /
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osomaqhinga / ongqondongqondo / ogedleyihlekisa (UZL NC 8.1) propagandists, propagators, indoctrinators, the brain -washers, those performing bowel cleansing abachemile / abakhethiphelaemasini / okhethiphela-emasini / onomaqembu / onomaqembuqembu (UZL NC 8.1) / amashwabadela(UZL NC 7) biased people, sectarian people, factionalists, separatists, dissenters, dissidents abachezi / abachezile / abachezayo / ozwilamingaphakathi / abaphumeceleni (UZL NC 8.1) the eccentric, the oddities, the odd, fellows, the non-conformists, the unorthodox people, the unconventional characters, the individualists, the misfits abachithekile / abashayiweengqondweni / ogqongqongqo / abakhanyiselwe /ababonayo / ababoniswayo / abazizonke / abazikonke / abaziyo / ochwepheshe / ongoti / osiyazi / osolwazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izazi / izifundiswa / izibanizezwe (UZL NC 9) the enlightened, the informed, the know-it-all, the learned, the highly educated, the educated, the specialists, the experts abachithiwe / abavalelwe / abangasadingwa / abalahlwangamacala (UZL NC 8.1) the dismissed, the convicts, the prisoners, the inmates (2) abachithiwe / abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the fired, the dismissed, the suspended, the expelled (3) abachithiwe / abadingisiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the exiles, the expatriates, the refugees (4) abachithiwe / abazondwayo / abanesidina / abanesigcwagcwa (UZL NC 8.1) the
hated, the disliked, the loathed, the intolerable abachophile / abahlanzekile / abagezile (UZL NC 8.1) the clean, the washed, the immaculate, the glowing people abachumayo / abachumi / abafufusi / abafufuzayo / abathembisayo / abasakhulala / abasakhulayo (UZL NC 8.1) aspirants, the budding, the promising, the emerging, the burgeoning abachwanekiwe / abembulelweizinqe / ababekwobala / ababekwe-obala (UZL NC 8.1) the exposed, the unseeled, the unmasked, the unpeeled, the vulnerable, the compromised abacwaningi / abahlwayi / abacubunguli / abaphenyi / abophenyo / abaphicothi (UZL NC 8.1) analysts, critics, auditors, investigators, forensic team, homicide detectives abacweci / abaphali / abahwayi (UZL NC 8.1) peelers, those who perform the act of sanding or peeling something abacwaningi / abahlwayi / abacubunguli / abaphenyi / abophenyo / abaphenyimacala / abaphicothimacala (UZL NC 8.1) analysts, critics, auditors, investigators, forensic team, homicide detectives abacwaningimabhuku / abaphicothimaphuku / abaphenyimabhuku / abahlahlimaphuku (UZL NC 8.1) auditors, financial books auditors abacwaningisisi / abaphenyisisi / abaphicosisi / abahlahlisisi (UZL NC 8.1) forensic analysts, forensic critics, forensic investigators abacwaningisisimabhuku (UZL NC 8.1) forensic auditors, forensic investigators
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abacwaningisisimacala / abaseshi / abaphenyisisimacala-anzima / abophenyo-lwezokubulala (UZL NC 8.1) forensic investigators, homicide detective abadala / abakhulile / omakadebona (UZL NC 8.1) izithwalandwe (UZL NC 9) elders, seniors, the experienced, stalwarts abadaliwe / abantu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izidalwa (UZL NC 9) / uluntu (UZL NC 3) human creation, humankind, human beings, people, men and women (2) izidalwa / abakhubazekile abadangele / abadumele /abahlubukile / abasemanziniamunyama / abazilile / abaxakekile / abakhungathekile (UZL NC 8.1) the sad ones, the unhappy ones, the sorrowful, the dejected, the regretful, the depressed, the downcast, the miserable, the downhearted, the despondent, the disconsolate, the desolate, the wretched, the grief-stricken abadayisi / abathengisi / abashakazi / abashakazayo (UZL NC 8.1) the sellers, marketers, brokers, vendors, retailers, the entrepreneurs, shopkeepers, suppliers, the stock brokers , traders, merchants, dealers; salespersons, the estate agents, the sales representatives, the agents, the middle-persons, the negotiators, resellers, auctioneers abade / abalulekile / abanamathambo-amade / abashiyigabade (UZL NC 8.1) the tall ones, the giants, the gigantic ones, tall people abadelikufa / odelikufa / odelimindeni / odelamakhaya (UZL NC 8.1)/ amadelakufa / amashoshozela / amagerila (UZL NC 7)/ izishovushovu (UZL NC 9) diehards, those who sacrifice their life for a particular mission, (Generally this word
applies to people with strong conviction who are prepared to die for their belief) e.g. hardliners,
reactionaries or revolutionaries, ultra-conservatives, conservatives, traditionalists, intransigents; fanatics, zealots; suicide-bombers; freedom fighters abadedeliwe / abakhululiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the recently released, the recently freed, the free, the unshackled ones abadelelayo /ochwensa / abangahloniphi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izichwensi (UZL NC 9) the rude people, the ill-mannered people, the impudent, the cheecky, the full of nonsense, the audacious, the disrespectful abadidiyeli / abahleli / abadidiyelayo / abahlelayo / abahlelizindaba / abaqambi / abaqophi / abashicileli (UZL NC 8.1) editors, producers, producers, creators, people responsible for putting something together for a particular outcome abadidizayo / abaxakekile / abasangene / abaxakweumusebenzi / abaxakweimisebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) the busy, the stressed, the overworked, the seriously occupied, the worried, the under pressure to complete a particular task (2) abadidizayo / abahlomekayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izithingithingi (UZL NC 9) the lost people, the confused, the puzzled, the perturbed, the ignorant, the uninformed abadiliziwe / abaxoshiwe / abaphelelwe-umusebenzi / abafunumusebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) the retrenched, the dismissed, the unemployed, the victims of expenditure cut back or changes in employment, job-seekers abadingi / abahlwayi / abahlengi (UZL NC 8.1) the search team, the rescuers
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abadingile / abantulayo / abahluphekayo / abaxakekile / abahlwempu (UZL NC 8.1) the needy, the poor, the wanting, the destitute , the have not abadingekile / abadingwayo / abafunwayo (UZL NC 8.1) the wanted, the required, the hunted, the needed abadiniwe / abathukuthele / abangxamile / abanganunwabu / abadikibele (UZL NC 8.1) the angry, the violated, the angered, the provoked, the enraged, the boycotters abadingekile / abalindelwe / abadingwayo / abafunekayo / abamenyiwe / abanxenxiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / izimenywa (UZL NC 9) the required, the needed, the expected, the invited abadingiswa / abasemazweni / abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the exiles, the expatriates, the banished, the deported, displaces, refugees abadobi / abaluthi / abanxenxi / abalolanayo / abaloli (UZL NC 8.1) the fishermen, the fishers (2) the recruiters, the lobbyists abadubi / ababhikishi / abatelekayo (UZL NC 8.1) the boycotters, the protesters, the strikers abadudene / abadudanayo / abadukisanayo (UZL NC 8.1) partners in crime; friend with bad intentions, accomplices, accessories, coconspirators, collaborators abadukile / abalahlekile (UZL NC 8.1) the lost, the missing (2) those whose where-about is unknown (3) abadukile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izoni (UZL NC 8.1) the condemned, the sinners abadukisi /abakhohlisi / izikhohlakali / izigebengu (UZL NC 8.1) the swindlers, the deceivers, the fraudsters, the con artists (2) hypocrites, pretenders, impostors, liars abadumele / abakhathazekile / abaxakekile / abahlukumezekile / abadangele (UZL NC 8.1) the sad, the
unhappy, the sorrowful, the dejected, the the regretful, the depressed, the downcast, the miserable, the downhearted, the despondent, the despairing, the disconsolate, the bowed down, the the wretched, the glum, the melancholic, the low-spirited, the mournful, the woeful, the broken hearted, the grief-stricken (2) abadumele / abahluliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the defeated, losers abadumile / osaziwa / osaziwayo (UZL NC 8.1) the famous, celebrities, the stars, the well-known, the popular ones abadlali (UZL NC 8.1) players Abadle. (sentence word, UZL NC 8.1) They must east abadlwenguli (UZL NC 8.1) rapists abafa / abashona / abangasekho (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathonga / amadlozi (UZL NC 7) the dead, the deceased, the departed, the gone, the no more, the guardian angels abafana / abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) / amankwenkwe (UZL NC 7)/ izinsizwana (UZL NC 9) / amadodana / amadojeyana (UZL NC 7 boys, young males, male youth abafanayo / abafunzene (UZL NC 8.1) the look alike abafaniselene (UZL NC 8.1) the uniformed people abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) young boys, little boys, younger male youth abafarisi (UZL NC 8.1) Pharisees , members of Jewish sect (2) false prophets abafarisi / abakhohlisi / abadukisi (UZL NC 8.1) hypocrites, liars, impostors, swindlers abafazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amakhosikazi (UZL NC 7)/ omame / abesifazane / onina / onyoko (UZL NC 8.1) women, wives, females, mothers, feminine gender
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abafelwe /abashonelwe / abazilile / abasemanzini-amunyama (UZL NC 8.1) the mourners, the grieving members, the sorrowful members of the dead person or people… Abafe./ Abashone. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They must die. abafebayo / abadayisicansi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifebe (UZL NC 9) / onondindwa / ononkiloyi (UZL NC 8.1) whores, prostitutes, promiscuous women, sex workers abafelwe / abazilile / abafelokazi (UZL NC 8.1) widows, the bereaved, the bereaved family/families, the mourners abafelokazi / abesifazane abafelwe ngabakhwenyana (UZL NC 8.1) widows abafi / abafileyo / omufi / abalele / abangasekho / abaphansi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathongo / amadlozi (UZL NC 7) the dead, the deceased, the departed, the gone, the no more, the passed on, the passed away; the late, the lost, the lamented, the perished, the fallen abafiki / abokufika /abezizwe / abangaphandle (UZL NC 8.1)/ izihambi / izifiki (UZL NC 9) foreigners, aliens, non-citizens, immigrants, settlers, newcomers, strangers, outsiders, visitors, tourists abafokazi / abantukazana (UZL NC 8.1) ordinary men, the property-less men, the moneyless men abafowethu / obhuti brothers, male colleagues, associates, companions, partners, comrades, comrades-inarms, co-workers, fellows, friends abafundayo / abafundi (UZL NC 8.1) / izitshudeni (UZL NC 9) learners, students, followers, trainees, apprentices, pupils abafundelayo / izitshudeni / abaqeqeshwayo / abafundiswayo / abaqeqeshwa / abaqeqeshwayo (UZL NC 8.1) / izitshudeni (UZL NC 9) /
abafundi (UZL NC 8.1) students, trainees, apprentices, probationers, recruits, novices, learners, mentees, beginners abafundi (check abafundelayo above) abafundisi / abefundisi / abezwi / abakoyinkonza-imvana / abavangeli / abashumayeli (UZL NC 8.1) reverends, pastors, priests, preachers abafundisi / othisha / abaqeqeshi / osolwazi / othisha (UZL NC 8.1) / amathishela (UZL NC 7) teachers, educators, educationists, tutors, instructors, pedagogues, schoolteachers, schoolmasters, schoolmistresses, masters, mistresses, educationalists, coaches, trainers, lecturers, professors, dons, fellows, readers, academics, guides, mentors, gurus, counsellors abafungisi (UZL NC 8.1) / izethenjwazomuthetho (UZL NC 9) / okhomishanizibopho (UZL NC 8.1) commissioners of oath e.g. police, members of parliament, councillors, lawyers, notaries abafuyi / abanikazimfuyo (UZL NC 8.1) keepers, the breeders, animal keepers, breeders, animal stock keepers, cattle keepers, goat keepers, sheep keepers, chicken keepers, domestic animal keepers or animal keepers abafuyiwe / abagugushelwe / abavikeliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the protected, the overprotected, those kept under the wing Abagade. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They must watch out. , They must be vigilant. , They must be alert. , They must look after… abagadi / abaqaphi / onogada / abavikeli (UZL NC 8.1) protectors, guards, body guards, security guard, police, soldiers abagadiwe / abaqashelwe / abaqashiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the looked
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after, the watched, the protected. (2) the prisoners, inmates, Abagadwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They must be watched. , They must be taken care of. abagangile (UZL NC 8.1) / izigangi (UZL NC 9) /abangalaleli / onodela-imiyalelo / osalakutshelwa (UZL NC 8.1) / izephulamuthetho (UZL NC 9) / abangaziphethe kahle the naughty, the silly, badly behaved, disobedient, the bad, the misbehaved, the misbehaving, wayward, defiant, unruly (2) the wild, the wicked, obstreperous, difficult, troublesome, awkward, contrary, perverse, attention-seeking, exasperating, incorrigible (3) the bad-mannered, the rude, impolite, the mischievous, playful fellows, impish, the roguish fellows, the rascals (5) the silly, the funny, the bizarre, the strange abagaxele / abangenelelayo (UZL NC 8.1) the encroachers, the intruders abagaxekile / abagaxekayo / othathekile / omathandizinto (UZL NC 8.1) the gullible, the victims, the easily convinced, the people who can be easily targeted, the defrauded, the scam victims abagibeli, abakhwelizithuthi (UZL NC 8.1), amaphasenja (UZL NC 7) passengers, commuters, travellers, voyagers, riders, air-passengers, buspassengers, public transport users abagibelimabhanoyi (UZL NC 8.1) flight passengers, air passengers abagibelimabhasi (UZL NC 8.1) bus passengers, bus commuters abagibelimabhayisikili / amashovashova (UZL NC 8.1) cyclists, cycle riders abagibelimatekisi (UZL NC 8.1) taxi passengers abagibelizitimela (UZL NC 8.1) train passengers
abagibelizithuthuthu (UZL NC 8.1) motorbike cyclists, motorbike passengers, motorbike riders abagibelizintaba / abaqwalizintaba (UZL NC 8.1) mountain cimbers abagidayo / abadansi / abasinayo / abadansayo (UZL NC 8.1) traditional or spiritual dancers abagijimi / abasubathi / abagijimi-bekhobredi-marathoni (UZL NC 8.1) runners, marathon runners, the racers; comrade marathon runners, the race participants abahambelanayo / abanesihe / abanomuhawu (UZL NC 8.1) the ones who are supportive, the ones who are sympathetic who regularly visit during the hour of need or difficult time, the sympathisers abahambi / abavakashi / abahambeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izindwendwe / izifiki (UZL NC 9) / abangaphandle (UZL NC 8.1) the visitors, the foreigners, the outsiders, the international tourists, the tourists, the explorers abahambeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izethameli (UZL NC 9)/ ababukeli (UZL NC 8.1) the visitors, guests, the spectators, the fans, patrons abahebezi /abahehezi / abahhahhabuza/ abahhabuzanayo (UZL NC 8.1) the howlers, the opponents of a public speaker, the boors, the hooligans, the ruffians, the rowdy abahehi /abakhangisi / ababukisi / ababukisayo (UZL NC 8.1) the exhibitors, the demonstrators, the marketers, the marketing officers, the promoters abaholi / abahlonishwa / abaphathi / abaphethe / ababusi (UZL NC 8.1) leaders e.g chiefs, heads, principals, bosses, commanders, captains, Chief Executive Officers (CEO’s), Managing Directors (MDs), Members of Parliament, councillors, priests, community leaders, school
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governing bodies (SGBs), Ward Committees, ratepayers association leaders abahubayo/ abahubi / abaculi / abahlabeleli / abaculayo / abahlabelelayo (UZL NC 8.1) / ikhwaya (UZL NC 8.1) /amagagu / amaciko (UZL NC 7)/ imizwilili (UZL NC 10) the singing ones, the singers, the choir, vocalists, soloists, songsters, songstresses (2) the ones who spill bins abahlahleli / ababeli / abahluleli (UZL NC 8.1) allocators , distributors (2) abahlahleli / abaphicothi / abacubunguli critics, evaluators, assessors, examiners, judges abahlakuli / abalimi / abafuyi / abatshali (UZL NC 8.1) the weed-killers, farm field cultivators, agriculturalists, agronomists, smallholders , garden field workers. Abahlale. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1)They must sit.; They must stay. ; Abahlale phansi. (umusho, umushwana / sentence like word :(UZL NC 8.1) They must sit down. abahlali (UZL NC 8.1) / izakhamuzi (UZL NC 9)/ abanikazimuhlaba / abakhokhintela (UZL NC 8.1) the residents, the citizens, the locals, the occupiers, the inhabitants, the landowners, the ratepayers, the homeowners, the house-owners, the indigenous people, the natives, the townsmen, the townswomen, the taxpayers abahlambi / ababhukudi (UZL NC 8.1)/ ‘izinhlanzi (UZL NC 9) the swimmers, divers abahlanguli / abahlengi (UZL NC 8.1) rescuers, savers, the sea savers, the savers from disasters abahle / ababukekayo / abanogazi / abathandekayo (UZL NC 8.1) the beautiful ones; the pretty ones; the loveable ones; the charming ones (2) abahle / abanomusa / abanobubele / onhliziyonhle (UZL NC
the kind ones; the compassionate ones; the warm-hearted ones abahlekazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amanene (UZL NC 7)/ abahlonishwa / abanumuzane (UZL NC 8.1) gentlemen, honourables, sirs abahlelekile / abanhlanhlambile / abandwebile / ongqesta (UZL NC 8.1) organised people, smart people, wise people, intelligent people abahleli / abadidiyeli / abashicileli / abachibiyeli / abahlelizindaba (UZL NC 8.1) editors, producers, publishers, news-editors (2) planners (3) the seated ones, the protected by the authority of the chairperson abahlengekile / abasindile (UZL NC 8.1) the survivors, the rescued (2) the protected people, the protected; the saved abahlelidolobha (UZL NC 8.1) townplanners abahlelimishado (UZL NC 8.1) weddingplanners abahlelihlelo / abaphathihlelo (UZL NC 8.1) programme directors, masters of ceremony, producers, chairpersons, the meeting organisers abahlengikazi / onompilo / onesi (UZL NC 8.1) the nurses, the health care workers abahliphizi (UZL NC 8.1) / iziphoxi / izonakalisi (UZL NC 9) the destroyers, the anarchists, the lumpenproletariat, the agitators, the rebels, the warmongers abahlobene (UZL NC 8.1)/ izihlobo / izizalwane (UZL NC9)/ uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ ogazi / omuzala / okayise / okanina (UZL NC 8.1) relatives, next of kin, cousins, blood relatives from the father’s side, blood relative from the mother’s side abahlobisi / onombali d(UZL NC 8.1) ecorators, flower girls, abahlobo / abangani / obhululu (UZL NC 8.1) the friends, fellows, colleagues 8.1)
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abahlobokazi / obhululu / abangani abakhulu (UZL NC 8.1) best friends, closest colleagues, closest fellows abahlobongi/ abaphingi / abafebayo / abashishayo / abandindayo / onondindwa (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifebe (UZL NC 9) cheaters, licentious, the sexually indiscriminate, the immoral, promiscuous , unchaste, debauched, dissolute, dissipated, profligate, those of easy virtue, the fast, libertine abahlongozi / abaphakamisi (UZL NC 8.1) contemplators, proposers, prospectors abahlohli / abaphehlidweshu / abaphehli / abasunguli (UZL NC 8.1) inciters, initiators, instigators, masterminds, ringleaders abahlohlimpi / ohlohlimpi / osusimpi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izilwi / iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9) / abahlohlidweshu / abahlohlibodweshu / ophumasilwe (UZL NC 8.1) rebels, vigilantes, revolutionaries, insurgents, revolutionists, mutineers, agitators, subversives, guerrillas, anarchists, terrorists; freedom fighters, resistance fighters; traitors, renegades, war-mongers abahloli (UZL NC 8.1) the inspectors, examiners, school inspectors Abahloliwe. / Abaphenyiwe (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They have not been inspected; They have not been examined; They have not been evaluated abahloliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the already inspected, the already examined, (ii) those already tested for virginity Abahlolwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word; UZL NC 8.1) They must be checked. , They must be examined. , They must be inspected. , They must be searched. , They must be verified.
abahlomuli / abawinile (UZL NC 8.1) / izihlabani / izingwazi (UZL NC 8.1) winners, victors, champions, reward recipients, title holders abahloniphayo /abazithobile / abathobekile / abangaziqhayisi / abazothile / othobekile (female) / othobani (male)(UZL NC 8.1) the respectful people, the humble, the reverential, the dutiful, the civil, the subservient; the polite, the well-mannered, the courteous, the chivalrous, the gallant, the gracious, the considerate abahlukile / abangajwayelekanga / abangaqhelekile / abangaqondakali / abangaziwa / abangaziwa-kahle (UZL NC 8.1) different people, unique people, strange people, strangers abahlulekayo /abahlulekile (UZL NC 8.1) / izehluleki (UZL NC 9) failures, those who are unsuccessful, those who are not succeeding, , nonachievers; incompetent people, losers, under-achievers abahlulekile / abalahlithawula (UZL NC 8.1) those who have failed abahluleli / abehluleli / abakhiphisigwebo (UZL NC 8.1) / amajaji (UZL NC 7)/ omehluleli (UZL NC 8.1) the judges, the judiciary, the constitutional court judges, the arbitrators, adjudicators, arbiters, assessors, evaluators, appraisers, examiners, moderators; umpires, referees, experts, connoisseurs, disciplinary committee members, authorities, specialists abahluliwe / abanqotshiwe / abadliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the defeated, the losers; the conquered, the beaten, overthrown governments, overthrown regimes, conquered nations; the war victims abahlulwayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are being defeated, those who are losing, those who are failing, those who are being beaten
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abahlungiwe / abaxoshiwe / abadiliziwe / ondingasithebeni (UZL NC 8.1) the excluded, the fired, the retrenched, the helpless, the victims of circumstances abahlungwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who were excluded abahlungwayo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones that are being excluded, the ones that are being sifted, the ones that are not making it to the final list abahluphayo / abagangile (UZL NC 8.1) the naughty, the silly, troublesome people, irritating people, nagging people, abahluphekayo / abanhlwempu / abahlukumezekile (UZL NC 8.1) the poor ones, the hungry, the needy, the destitutes, the sufferers abahluphile (UZL NC 8.1) the ones that have been constantly naughty, silly, irritating abahluzayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are responsible for selecting and sifting or excluding others e.g. coaches in sports, administrators at the university abahluzi / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) the analysts, the critics, abahluzwayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are being assessed e.g. students abahlwayi / abaphanti / abaphenyi / abophando (UZL NC 8.1) investigators, reseachers, surveyors, detectives abahlwithimuhlaba / abahlwithi (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholoniyali (UZL NC 7) colonialists, annexationists, land grabbers abahwebi / abashakazi / abadayisi t(UZL NC 8.1) traders, dealers, merchants, suppliers abahwiphilizi / abomukhonyovu / abakhonyovayo (UZL NC 8.1) fraudsters, corrupt people abajabule / abathokozile / abajabulayo / abathokozayo / abaneme (UZL NC 8.1) the happy ones,
the entertained e.g. audience, festival crowd abajabulisi / abathokozisi / abanamisi (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers, performers, clowns, the ones making others happy abakithi / abantu-bakithi/ abakwethu / abasekhaya (UZL NC 8.1) my people, my clan, people of my clan, people of my country, fellow country men, fellow tribes-men, people from home, people from my country of birth abakini / abakwenu (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 1.1) your people, your clan, your tribe, your countrymen, your tribesmen Abakini. / Abakwenu. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 8.1) They are your people. abakubo / abakwabo (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 8.1) his / her people. Abakubo. / Abakwabo. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They are her / his people Abakuphi? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Where are they from?; Where do they come from? e.g. abantu / people; abameli / lawyers; omama / mothers; ogandaganda / tractors abakhakhansi / abagquqguzeli (UZL NC 8.1) campaigners, organisers Abakhale. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They must cry. , They must complain., They must lodge a complaint. , They should submit a grievance. , They must voice their dissatisfaction. abakhaliphile / abahlakaniphile (UZL NC 8.1) / izihlabani (UZL NC 9)/ ogalakajane (UZL NC 8.1) the intelligent, the smart, the wise, the brainy, the wizards, the experts, the geniuses abakhalimi / onoxolo / oxolani (UZL NC 8.1) the preventers, the mediators, the reconcilers, the peacemakers. abakhalisi / abaduduzi / abashushuzeli / ababhodla kunye emuswaneni (UZL NC 8.1) grievers, mourners, supporters during
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grieving period, sympathisers, comforters abakhandi / abakhandayo / abacacamezi / abaciciyeli / omakhi / omakhandane (UZL NC 8.1) fixers, repairers, builders abakhanyiselwe / abakhanyiselekile / abafundile / abaphiwingqondo (UZL NC 8.1) the enlightened, the informed, aware, educated, the knowledgeable, the learned, the wise, the literate, the intellectuals, the tutored, the illuminated, the apprised; the civilized, the refined, the cultured, the cultivated, the sophisticated, the advanced, the developed, the liberals, the open-minded, the broadminded. abakhaphi / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) the followers, the supporters, the devotees, disciples, apostles, supporters, defenders, champions, believers, worshippers, votaries abakhandi / abalungisi (UZL NC 8.1) the fixers, the operators abakhandlekile (UZL NC 8.1) the overworked. abakhandlwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who were overworked. (2) the overworked abakhankasi / abagqugquzeli / abahehi (UZL NC 8.1) campaigners, lobbyists, organisers, recruiters abakhangisi / abahehi (UZL NC 8.1) displayers, exhibitors, pageants, beauty pageants, exhibitionists abakhanyisi / ama-elekthrishiyeni (UZL NC 8.1) electricians, the lighters, the illuminators, abakhaphi / abakhaphayo / abaphelezeli / abahambisanayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izindwendwe (UZL NC 9) / imishungo (UZL NC 10) procession, line, file, column, convoy, cavalcade, caravan, queue, rank, string, succession, progression, array, train
abakhathele / abenele / abangasafuni lutho / abangafunilutho / abacikekile / abahluthukile / abaphoxekile (UZL NC 8.1) the sick and tired, those who have had enough, the disillusioned, the disenchanted, the disappointed Abakhe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 1.1) They are hers or his, abakhe = his / hers e.g. abantu bakhe uThandi / The people are Thandi’s, her or his people (UZL NC 1.1) abakhe (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 1.1) hers, his abakhempi / abakhempile / abaqhinqile (UZL NC 8.1) campers, the sit-in protesters abakhendli / ababambimithi / abambimakhambi / osomakhambi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinyanga (UZL NC 8.1) the traditional or herbal medicine specialists, the specialist traditional or herbal medicine users abakhenkethi / abavakashi / abakhenkethile /abavakashile / abangcebeleki / abangcebelekayo (UZL NC 8.1) / izivakashi/ izihambeli (UZL NC 8.1) tourists, visitors, travellers, holidaymakers, sightseers, excursionists, backpackers, globetrotters, day trippers, trippers, explorers, voyagers, journeyers abakhethekile /abakhonjiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / amazimutiti (UZL NC 7) the chosen, the selected, the chosen few, the exclusive ones, the elite abakhethiwe / abaphathiswa (UZL NC 8.1) / amaLunga ePhalamende / amakhansela (UZL NC 7) the elected representatives, Members of Parliament (MPs), Members of Provincial Legislatures, (MPLs), councillors, members of ward committees abakhi /abakhizindlu / abamisizakhiwo (UZL NC 8.1) the residents, citizens, locals, ratepayers, community members, (2) builders, bricklayers, architects, construction
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workers, labourers, carpenters (3) designers, planners, makers, contrivers, establishers, creators, fabricators, abakhimizi / abakhizindlu / abakhandimizi (UZL NC 8.1) home builders, house builders. (2) home owners abakho (UZL NC 8.1 : second person, singular) yours e.g. abantu abakho / the people are yours, your people Abakho. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1: second person, singular) They are yours. ; e.g. Abakho laba abantwana. /These children are yours. abakhohlakele / abonakakele / abangcolile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izonakali / izingcoli (UZL NC 9) immoral people, unethical people, corrupt people abakhohlisi / abafarisi / abanamanga (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigelekeqe / izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ abaluthanayo (UZL NC 8.1) deceivers, liars, swindlers, impostors, hypocrites, cheaters, fraudsters, charlatans, rogues, villains, scoundrels; deceivers, deluders, dissemblers, hoaxers abakhohlisiwe / abagetshengiwe / abaluthiwe / omenziwa (UZL NC 8.1) the cheated, the deceived, victims of robbery, the defrauded Abakhokhe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1: UZL NC 8.1) They must pay. ; They must cough up. abakhokhintela / abathelelimuhlaba / abaninimizi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izakhamuzi (UZL NC 9)/ abathelelimpahla (UZL NC 8.1) taxpayers, ratepayers abakholiwe /abakholiweyo / abakholwayo / abakhonzayo (UZL NC 8.1) / amaKrestu / amaSulumane / amaJuda (UZL NC 7) believers, Christians, Muslims, Jews abakhona (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 8.1) the owners, the occupiers, the rightful owners, of there e.g. Laba abantu abakhona kulomuzi. / These people
are from this house (ii) the ones who are present; those who are present, those who are in attendance, those who are here, those who are there. abakhongi / abakhulumelimukhwenyana / abaphembibuhlobo (UZL NC 8.1) ilobolo negotiators, the ones sent to negotiate a ‘bride price’ on behalf of the groom, the trusted ones sent to negotiate ilobola and facilitate relationship between the groom and the bride’s family abakhomba-ngophakathi / ababusayo / ababusisiwe / abanothile / abadlizambane likapondo (UZL NC 8.1) the rich, the well to do, the well off, the wealth, the blessed, those with money, those with abundant means abakhonondi / abakhalayo / abanezikhalazo (UZL NC 8.1) complainers, the complainers, the aggrieved, the protesters abakhukhumele / ontabakayikhonjwa (UZL NC 8.1) / izichizi (UZL NC 9)/ abazithwele / obaqwe (UZL NC 8.1) arrogant people, haughty, egotistic, superior, overbearing, pompous, boastful, proud, lofty, lordly, snobbish abakhulelwe / abamithi / abazithwele (UZL NC 8.1) pregnant women, the pregnant, those expecting babies, those having babies, those with babies on the way, those having children , the expectants, those carrying children (2) those who have grown others abakhulile / abadala / omakadebona (UZL NC 8.1) the grown, the aged, grannies, the elders, grown-ups, elders, elderly abakhulisiwe / abamulile (UZL NC 8.1) the grown, the graduated, the ones who have been through the ‘umemulo’ (coming out of age or who have turned 21 or more than 21
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years old and have received a blessing from their parents through a traditional ritual ceremony) abakhulu / abadala (UZL NC 8.1) / izikhulu (UZL NC 9) / abaphethe / abathathizinqumo / abanqumayo (UZL NC 8.1) the great, the ones with authority, the elite, the superiors, decision-makers abakhuluphele / abacebile / abanonile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izidudla / izindishindishi / iziqhubhebhe, izimbilikixi (UZL NC 9) fat people, obese people abakhungathekile (UZL NC 8.1) the perturbed, the confused, the puzzled, the shocked, the alarmed, abakhunjulwa / abakhunjulwayo / abangakhohlakali (UZL NC 8.1) the missed, the unforgettable abakhuthuzi / abahlwithizikhwama (UZL NC 8.1) /amasela (UZL NC 7) pickpockets, thieves, petty thieves, bag-snatchers abakhwenyana / abalamu / abaganiwe (UZL NC 8.1) grooms, the younger male in-laws from the groom’s side, the male peers from the groom’s side. (The bride’s family , their relatives and associates refers to all the men of similar age group from the groom’s side abakhwenyana). abakhwabanisi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikhohlakali (UZL NC 9) / abahwiphilizi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigebengu / izigelekeqe / izinswelaboya (UZL NC 9) the corrupt, corrupt elements, fraudsters, those involved in bribery activities, swindlers, dishonest , untrustworthy abakhwazi / abamemezayo (UZL NC 8.1) shouting people abakhwe / abalingani / omulingani (UZL NC 8.1) the fathers-in law from the bride’s side, the older male relatives usually same age group or age status as the father-in-
law from the bride’s side. (The groom calls his father-in-law and all those males relatives and peers of his bride’s fathers abakhwe). abakhwekazi / abalingani / omulingani (UZL NC 8.1) the mothers-in law from the bride’ side, the mothers-in-law peers or age group from the bride’s side. (The groom calls his mother-in-law , her friends and relatives of the same age group abakhwekazi). abakwakhe / abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) his or her people, his or her in-laws, in-laws abakwami / abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) my people, my in-laws, in-laws abakwenye-indawo (UZL NC 8.1) the people from another place abakwenye-indlu (UZL NC 8.1) family relatives, people from another house abalamanayo / othumbulinye / osisusinye / osendelinye / abashiyelene-ibele / ogazi / abandawonye (UZL NC 8.1) / izelamani (UZL NC 9) siblings, brothers and sisters from same parents, brothers and sisters from the same biological mother abalamuli / abakhixolo (UZL NC 8.1) the mediators, the peace-makers, the gobetween, arbitrators, peacemakers, peace facilitators abalandeli / abasekeli / amasaphotha (UZL NC 8.1) followers , supporters, emulators abalandi / abalandimulando / abalandisi abethulimulando (UZL NC 8.1) the story-tellers, the historians, the narrators, the tour guides abalaphi / abelaphi /abelaphibendabuko (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinyanga (UZL NC 9)/ odokotela (UZL NC 8.1)/ izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi / onesi / onompilo (UZL NC 8.1) the healers, healers, doctors, medicine men and women, traditional healers,
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zangomas, spiritual healers, nurses, health practitioners abalawuli / amamashali / abangeneleli (UZL NC 8.1) marshals, attendants, escorts, ushers, guides, doorkeepers, commissionaires, aides, lackeys (2) abalawuli / abaphathi (UZL NC 8.1) / iziphathimithetho / iziqhubimuthetho (UZL NC 9) directors, authorities, rulers abale / abakude (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifiki (UZL NC 9) foreigners, people from far abalekeleli / abasizayo / abancedi / abancedayo / abasizi (UZL NC 8.1) helpers, assistants, auxillaries abalengisi/ abalengisi-ngentambo (UZL NC 8.1) (the hangmen, the executioners, the terminators abalele / abangasekho / abafile / abadangale / asebashona the dead, the deceased, the departed (2) abalele / abacambalele / abasebuthongweni (UZL NC 8.1) the speelping people, the napping people abalimi / abatshali / abafuyi (UZL NC 8.1) the farmers, the peasants, green fields workers, the agriculturalists, farmers abalingani (UZL NC 8.1) parents of grooms and brides (parents of the groom and bride refer to each other as ‘abalingani’, which means we are equal). (2) peers abalinganisi / abolinganiso (UZL NC 8.1) estimators, surveyors abalingi /abakhohlisi / abangcolile (UZL NC 8.1) / izingcoli / izikhohlakali (UZL NC 9) hoaxers, coaxers, impostors, pranksters, tricksters; fraudsters, swindlers, conmen, cheats abalingisi (UZL NC 8.1) the actors, the actresses, the imitators, the emulators, the copy cats, the models abalisa / abesilisa (UZL NC 8.1)/ amadoda (UZL NC 7)/ abalengisayo (UZL NC 8.1) the males, the male species,
men, masculine folks, boys, the masculine race abalobokazi / omakoti / omakotshana / omagotshana (UZL NC 8.1) the women from the bride side, the women on the side of the bride during the lobola ceremony abalumbi / abalumbayo / abalumbanayo / abathakathi / ababulali (UZL NC 8.1) the evil ones, the witches, the witch doctors, the dangerous muti concoctors meant to cause harm, the killers abalungile / abanomusa / onomusa (female)/ omusa (male) / abanobubele (UZL NC 8.1) kind people, kind hearted people, generous people abalungisi / abakhandi / oxolani (UZL NC 8.1) the fixers, the correctors, the disciplinarians, peace facilitators, dispute mediators abalusi / abakhalimi (UZL NC 8.1) the shepherds, the herdsmen, herdswomen, the shepherd boys, abaluthi / abawoli / abawolayo / abaluthayo (UZL NC 8.1) looters, plunderers abamangali / abakhonondi / abakhonondayo (UZL NC 8.1) the plaintiffs, the accusers, the complainants abamangalelwa / ababekwicala / abasolwayo / abasolwa (UZL NC 8.1) the accused, the suspects, the blamed, the prosecuted, the trialists, the defendants, the charged, the blamed, appellants, litigants, respondents abameli / abamelimuthetho / abezomuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) lawyers, legal practitioners, attorneys, legal officers, legal advisers, legal representatives, legal executives, agents, members of the bar abamemezi / abawelezayo / abashwabulayo / abahliphizi (UZL NC 8.1) wailers, howlers, unruly crowd, noisy crowd
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Abami. (UZL NC 8.1 + first person singular: isabizwana songumunini/ possessive pronoun) They are mine. E.g. Laba abantu abami. / These people are mine. ; Laba ogandaganda abami. / These tractors are mine. abaminci / abantshontshi-ezitolo (UZL NC 8.1) shoplifters abancane (UZL NC 8.1) the young, the juniors, the inexperienced abamoshayo / ochithichithi (UZL NC 8.1) wasteful people, extravagant, lavish, uneconomical, excessive, careless, imprudent, improvident, reckless; thriftless, spendthrift, squandering; needless, useless, not needed, squandered. abamuhluzwayo / abashaywayo (UZL NC 8.1) abuse victims, violent abuse victims abambimigqomo / ohobo (UZL NC 8.1) beggars, tramps, beggar men, beggar-women, vagrants, vagabonds, down-and-out, homeless people, derelicts, mendicants; paupers, poor people abambimigodi / abasebenzimigodini (UZL NC 8.1) miners, mineworkers, excavators, abami. / mine (UZL NC 8.1) Abami. / They are mine. (UZL NC 8.1) abanakekeli / abahlengi (UZL NC 8.1) carers, nurses, health professionals, caregivers abanakwabo (UZL NC 8.1) his / her fellow lovers partners abanakwenu (UZL NC 8.1) your fellow lovers partners abanakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) my fellow sisters-in law, our fellow lovers’ partners abane / abangu-fo (UZL NC 8.1) four people, 4 people, four (UZL NC 8.1 only) abanene / ababunene / abanomusa / abalungile/ abalungileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the kind, the compassionate, humanitarians, the sensitive people, the empathetic people
abanikazi /omasitende / abaninimizi / abanikazimuhlaba (UZL NC 8.1) owners, homeowners, property owners, possessors of assets, asset holders, proprietors, proprietresses, freeholders, landlords abaninimizi /omasitende (UZL NC 8.1) homeowners, landlords, landladies, property owners, masters/mistresses, keepers abanonile / abakhuluphele / abadudule / abondlekile (UZL NC 8.1) / izidudla (UZL NC 9) obese people, fat people, plumby people abanothile / abacebile / abanemali / ongxiwa / ongxiwankulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicebi / izinkinsela / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9) rich people, wealth people, the wealthy class, bourgeoisie, capitalists, people with means, the owners of the means of production abanotho / abafumbethe (UZL NC 8.1) the haves, people with possessions abanumuzane (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinhlokomizi (UZL NC 9) the male heads of the family, the respectable men (2) Mr.; Masters of the Rolls (Mr.) abancane (isiphawulo / adjective : UZL NC 8.1) few (2) young ones (3) thin ones abancedi , abancedisi / abasizi / abalekeleli (UZL NC 8.1) helpers, assistants, workmates, teammates, helpmates, associates, aides, colleagues, supporters, partners, deputies, collaborators, subordinates, auxiliaries abancelisi (UZL NC 8.1) breast-feeding women, nursing people, abandawonye / abasisusinye (UZL NC 8.1) siblings, biological borthers and sisters abangakithi / omukhaya (UZL NC 8.1) homeboys, homegirls, those from one’s people abangani / abahlobo / abezwanayo (UZL NC 8.1) friends,
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companions, intimates, confidantes, soul mates, playmates, fellows abangasekho / abalele / asebashona / abangasekhoyo / abakwelokuthula (UZL NC 8.1) / amadlozi / amathonga (UZL 7) the deceased, the ancestors, the dead, the expired, the departed, the gone, the no-more, those who have passed on, passed away; late, lost, lamented, the perished, the fallen, the slain, slaughtered, the killed, murdered, lifeless, the defunct, extinct, inanimate, insentient, inert (2) In some Zulu cultures abangasekho refers to the equivalent of guardian angels. abangazi (UZL NC 8.1) / izithumuthumu / izintothololo (UZL NC 9) the ignorant, those who do not know, the ones still living in dark ages, the naïve, the less informed e.g. Uyingxenye yalaba abangazi lutho. She/He is part of the group that is ignorant. abaNguni (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaNguni (UZL NC 7) people who belong to the Nguni linguistic group (isiXhosa, isiZulu, isiSwazi, isiNdebele) abangcwabi / abafihlizidumbu (UZL NC 8.1) funeral directors, undertakers, morticians abangcwele / ongcwelengcwele (UZL NC 8.1) the saints, saints abantabakhulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikhulu (UZL NC 9)/ abahlonishwa (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicukuthwane (UZL NC 9) people with power, those with authority, those people who command respect in society, those people elevated above others in a community, the honourable , the rulers, the governors, the great people abantu (UZL NC 8.1) / uluntu (UZL NC 3) / isizwe (UZL NC 5) the people, human beings, persons, individuals, humans, mankind, humankind, the human race, Homo sapiens, humanity, the human species, mortals
abantukazana (UZL NC 8.1)/ uquqaba (UZL NC 3)/ izihlwele (UZL NC 9) ordinary people, common people, the populace, the masses, crowds abantwana (UZL NC 8.1)/ izingane (UZL NC 9)/ omuntuza (UZL NC 8.1)/ usapho (UZL NC 3) children, youngsters, young ones, little ones, boys, girls, babies, newborns, infants, toddlers; schoolboys, neonates, schoolgirls, adolescents, teenagers, youth, young men, young women, young ladies, young people, young adults, juveniles, minors, juniors, striplings, fledglings, whippersnappers (2) In the Zulu culture abantwana are also princes and princesses. Abantwana basendlunkulu (princes and princesses, from the house of the first or senior wife. abanye (isiphawulo / adjective) others, alternatives, other + UZL NC 8.1 noun e.g. abanye abantu / other people abapeketuli / abaphandi / abanyundululi (UZL NC 8.1) inquisitors, researchers, scrutineers , scrutinizers, fact-finders , probers, surveyors abaphangalele / abafile / abafileyo / abangasekho (UZL NC 8.1) the dead, the deceased, those who have passed on, the ones beyond, abaphangi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amasela (UZL NC 7)/ izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ abagqekezi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izephulamuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) the robbers, the corrupt people, fraudsters, burglars, thieves, housebreakers, muggers, shoplifters, stealers, looters, pilferers; raiders, plunderers, pillagers, marauders; bandits, brigands, pirates, highwaymen abaphangingqangi / izigebengu otsotsi / ongqondongqondo (UZL NC 8.1) con artists, tricksters, fraudsters, cheaters, crooks,
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abaphansi / abangasekho / abakwelamathongo / abakwelizayo (UZL NC 8.1) the departed, the dead, the ancestors, the deceased relatives, abaphathi / ababusi (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphathimandla (UZL NC 8.1) rulers, governors, authorities, people with authority e.g. Accounting Officers, Executive Authorities, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Managers, Managing Directors, Directors, Chief Directors, Mayors, Municipal Managers, Councillors, Members of Parliament, Secretaries of Legislators and all those with authority to govern abaphehli (UZL NC 8.1)/ amashoshozela (UZL NC 8.1) the inciters, instigators, ringleaders, hooligans, ruffians abaphehlidweshu (UZL NC 8.1) inciters of violence, ring leaders, warlords, vigilantes, perpetrators abapheki / osomabhodweni (UZL NC 8.1) cookers, chefs abaphekikhethelo (UZL NC 8.1) trained chefs, professional chefs, senior chefs, experienced chefs. abaphenyi / abaseshi / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) investigators, detectives, fact finders, researcher, monitors, analysts, probers abaphenyimabhuku / abacwaningimabhuku / abahlolimabhuku / abacubungulimabhuku (UZL NC 8.1) auditors, forensic auditors, critics, book reviewers, analysts abaphenyimacala / abaseshi (UZL NC 8.1) detectives, criminal investigators, investigators, private detectives, homicide detectives, private investigators, operatives, government commissioners, public protectors, detect(UZL NC 8.1)ive constables, sergeants, inspectors, detective chief inspectors, detective superintendents,
abaphenyimacala-okubulala / abaseshi-bezokubulala (UZL NC 8.1) homicide detectives abaphenyisisimacala / abacubungulimacala (UZL NC 8.1) forensic detectives abaphethe (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphathimandla (UZL NC 9)/ abathathizinqumo (UZL NC 8.1) authorities, the rulers, governors, management, decision-makers abaphici / abaphicayo (UZL NC 8.1) / amaxoki / amaphixiphixi (UZL NC10) perverts, deviants abaphicothi / abacubunguli (UZL NC 8.1) psychoanalysts, analysts, forensic investigators Abaphike. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They must deny. , They should deny. , They should not acknowledge. abaphiki / abachilizimibono (UZL NC 8.1) denialists abaphikeleli (UZL NC 8.1) the persevering, those with the undying spirit of commitment, the abiding, lasting, the enduring people abaphikisayo / abaphikisi / abalwisi / abalwisanayo / abaqophisanayo (UZL NC 8.1) / izimbangi (UZL NC 9) the opponents, rivals, opposers, opposition abaphikiwe / abaliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the rejected, the dismissed, abaphikisi (see abaphikisayo above) abaphikwa / abaliwayo / abashaywangendololwane / abashaywe-ngendololwane / abamisiwe / abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / izaliwa (UZL NC 9) the rejected, the dumped, the turned down, the dismissed abaphilayo / abasadlaanhlamvana / abadlanhlamvana (UZL NC 8.1) the living, the alive and well, the still breathing (2) abaphilayo / abayimiqemane / abanempilo (UZL NC 8.1) the healthy, the fit, the well fed
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abaphingi / abaphingayo / izifebe / onondindwa / abangadlulwasiketi (UZL NC 8.1) sex workers, prostitutes, womanisers, cheaters, abaphingiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / amavezandlebe (UZL NC 7) illegitimate children, children born out of wedlock; illegitimate people abaphiwe / abanamathalente the talented, the gifted abaphoxi / abaphoxayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphoxi (UZL NC 9) spoilers, embarrassing people, troublemakers, mischief-makers, rabble-rousers, firebrands, agitators, ringleaders, incendiaries, inciters, instigators; demagogues; scandalmongers, gossipmongers, meddlers, provocateurs abaphulimithetho / ophumasilwe / okhandalimutshelokwakhe (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigilamikhuba / izigilamukhuba / izigcwelegcwele / izilelesi / izelelesi / izigebengu (UZL NC 9) lawless people, law-breakers, anarchists, criminals, offenders, terrorists, felons abaqambi / abasunguli / abaphembi (UZL NC 8.1) inventors, creators, originators, devisers, innovators, designers, developers, makers, producers, pioneers, masterminds, scientists, discoverers abaqambimanga / abakhohlisi / abasesenga-ezimithiyo (UZL NC 8.1) the liars, the false generators, deceivers, fabricators abaqambimaculo / abethimaculo (UZL NC 8.1) the music writers, music producers abaqaphi / abavikeli / onogada (UZL NC 8.1) the security guards, the body guards, abaqaphizingovolo / oqonda / abahlomile / abahlomezingovolo (UZL NC 8.1) armed guards, armed response, guards
abaqaqi / abaqaqayo (UZL NC 8.1) the solvers, the ones responsible for detangling abaqageli (UZL NC 8.1) / izanusi / izangoma (UZL NC 9) / abahlolayo / abachithimathambo (UZL NC 8.1) predictors, the foretellers, fortunetellers abaqaphi / abavikeli / onogada / oqonda (UZL NC 8.1) / amaphoyisa (UZL NC 7) guards, sentries, sentinels, security guard, night-watchmen, protectors, defenders, guardians, custodians, keepers, scouts, lookouts, watchers, garrisons, prison warders abaqashi / obasi / omedemu (UZL NC 8.1) employers, people responsible for hiring and sometimes firing workers e.g. bosses, managers, manageresses, patrons, proprietors, directors, managing directors, chief executives, principals, presidents, abaqashwa / abasebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) employees, workers, temporal staff, interns, the hired ones, the human resource complement of the company, the contract workers, the seasonal workers. abaqeqeshi / abacushisi / abagaqisi (UZL NC 8.1) coaches, trainers, mentors, instructors, tutors, gurus, pedagogues abaqoki / abakhethi / abakhombi (UZL NC 8.1) nominators abaqokiwe / abakhethiwe / abakhonjiwe (UZL NC 8.1) nominees, the nominated, the selected, the preferred abaqophi / abahlanganisi / abasunguli / osomakhono (UZL NC 8.1) crafters, carvers, the originators, innovators, producers abaqoqintela (UZL NC 8.1) tax collectors, receiver of revenue officers, SARS personnel, staff members in municipal treasury departments abaqhathi / ohlohlimpi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaxoki (UZL NC 7)/ osusimpi (UZL NC 8.1)
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the instigators, contrivers, masterminds, inciters, agitators, fomenters, troublemakers, agent provocateurs, ringleaders abaqhathwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who were trained in fist and stick fighting, the stick fighters, the instigated abaqhinqile / o-asisuki-la / osiyahlala-lapha / osiyahlala-la (UZL NC 8.1) people who are staging a sitin, the sit-in strikers abaqhubi / abashayeli (UZL NC 8.1) drivers, pilots, captains abasabisanayo / abashokobezi (UZL NC 8.1) / iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9)/ amabhuli (UZL NC 7) intimidators, persecutors, tyrants, tormentors, browbeaters, coercers, subjugators, scourges, ruffians, thugs, criminal elements abasakazi (UZL NC 8.1) /izintatheli (UZL NC 9) the journalists, the radio the announcers, announcers, T.V presenters abasanganayo / abasangene / onhlekabayeni / abahanjelwengamakhanda (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinhlanya (UZL NC 9) the insane, lunatics, mad men, mad women, abasebenzi / abaqashwa (UZL NC 8.1) / izisebenzi (UZL NC 9) the workers, employees, workforce, labourers , the artisans, the hired abasebenzindlini / abasizindlini / abancedindlini / abasebenzizindlini / abasizizindlini / abancedisizindlini / abacwali / abahlanzi / abasizayo / abasenzimakhaya / abacwalimakhaya / abacwalizindlu / amacwalimizi (UZL NC 8.1) domestic workers, domestic servants, garden maintainers, professional home assistants (pha), professional home executives (phe), cleaners
abasebenzizimayini / abambimigodi (UZL NC 8.1) mine workers abasekeli / abalandeli / abazinikele / abakholwayo (UZL NC 8.1) disciples, devotees, advocates, believers, backers, lobbyists, adherents, promoters, defenders, supporters, upholders, votaries, partisans, crusaders, proponents, campaigners, apologists (2) contributors, donors, benefactors, sponsors, (3) fans, zealots, followers, devotees, admirers abasekhaya / abakithi / abakwethu / abasendlini /abegazi / ogazi / omuzala / omulamu / osihlobo (UZL NC 8.1) / izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 9) relatives, blood relatives, member of one's family, people with family ties, one's (own) flesh and blood, kinsmen, kinswomen; next of kin, kith and kin, kindred; one’s brothers, sisters, cousins, nephews, distant cousins, close cousins, inlaws, same blood descents abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) bride’s inlaws, in-laws; the groom’s family members, husband family, boyfriend family members Abasemuzini. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They are my in laws. (bride’s side) abasekhweni / osibali (UZL NC 8.1) groom’s in –laws, the brides family, the wife’s family, the girlfriend’s family members abaseshi / abaphenyimacala / abaphenyimacalakubulala (UZL NC 8.1) detectives (See abaphenyi above) abasizi / abalekeleli / abalekelelayo / abancedisi / abafakisana-isandla / abafakanisandla (UZL NC 8.1) support staff, helpers, assistants, co-workers, fellow workers, workmates, teammates, helpmates, associates, aiders, aides, colleagues, supporters, partners, collaborators,
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subordinates, deputies, auxiliaries, interns, second in-charge, second incommand, number two, right-hand men, right-hand women, wingmen, attendants, juniors, acolytes (2) accessories, accomplices, henchmen abasizindlini / abancedisi / abacwalimakhaya / abacwalimizi (UZL NC 8.1) domestic helpers, Professional Home Assistants (PHA), derogatory word okhishini / servants, slave girls , kitchen girls
abasocongi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinkabi (UZL NC 9) assassins, murderers, killers, executioners, gunmen, butchers, slaughterers, liquidators, exterminators, terminators, in South Africa izinkabi are assassins usually associated with the volatile taxi industry abasongi / ababophizungu / ababulalizwe / abaxabanisi / ababophi-manqina-enyathi / omadlizithende (UZL NC 8.1) / amaxoki / amaphixiphixi (UZL NC 7) plotters, conspirators, co-conspirators, schemers, intriguers, planners, machinators , conspirers, cabalists, assassins abasoziseli / abasobozeli / onkonkozelo / abakhongozelayo / abacelayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izilambi (UZL NC 9) / abanhlwempu / abadingayo / abalambile / abaswele (UZL NC 8.1) beggars, the hungry, the poor, the desolate, the have nots abasubathi / abagijimi / abesubathi / abagijimayo (UZL NC 8.1) runners, sprinters, comrades marathon runners, joggers abasunguli / abaphembi / abaqambi (UZL NC 8.1) originators, innovators, creators abashayeli / abaqhubi / odrayiva (UZL NC 8.1) drivers, pilots, motorists, chauffeurs, operators , engineers abashevi / abagundi (UZL NC 8.1) shavers, barbers
abashicileli (UZL NC 8.1) publishers, producers abashumayeli / abezwilokumukhonza / abezwi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinceku-zenkosi (UZL NC 9) / abafundi-baJesu / abalandelibaJesu/ abafundizwi / abalandelibezwi / abafundisi (UZL NC 8.1) preachers, evangelists, priests, reverends, pastors, ministers of religion, abashumayezwa / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholwa (UZL NC 7) the congregation, the followers, disciples, the believers, believers abashushisi (UZL NC 8.1) prosecutors abashushiswa / abamangalelwa / ababoshwayo / abasolwa (UZL NC 8.1) the prosecuted, plaintiffs abashushumbisi / abashushumbisizidakwamizwa (UZL NC 8.1) drug dealers abatakuli / abathungathi (UZL NC 8.1) rescuers, the excavators, emergency rescuing officers, firefighters, abatakulwa / abahlengiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the rescued, the survivors, the exhumed. abatakuliwe / abatakulwe (UZL NC 8.1) the rescued, the survivors of earthquake, mud slide survivors, rock falling survivors, mining disaster survivors, the recovered under debris of a collapsed building or structure. abatapi / abatapuju / abatapiluju (UZL NC 8.1) honey collectors abatapimabhuku / abalondolozilwazi / abalondolozimabhuku / osozincwadi / abakhwezimibhalo (UZL NC 8.1) / amalayibrariyeni (UZL NC 7) librarians, archivists, information officers, information management officers abathaki / abathakimakhambi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinyanga (UZL NC 9)/ osokhemisi (UZL NC 8.1) medicine
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mixtures, pharmacists, chemists, medicine dispensers, abathakathi / abahambahambayo / abahambihambi / abaloyi / abathwebuli (UZL NC 8.1) witches, black magicians, the black arts, the occults, those who practise occultism, wizardry, witching, necromancy, voodoo voodoo, hoodoo, wonderworking, divination abathakazeli (UZL NC 8.1) / abalandeli / ababongeli (UZL NC 8.1) / izimbongi (UZL NC 9) praise singers, poets, orators (2) followers, the indoctrinated, the assimilated, the coerced abathameli / ababukeli / abagqolozeli (UZL NC 8.1) / amashoshozela / amasaphotha (UZL NC 7)/ izethameli / izihlwele (UZL NC 9) spectators, onlookers, watchers, viewers, observers, witnesses, eyewitnesses, bystanders, nonparticipants, abathandazeli/ abathandazi / abakhuleki / abomoya (UZL NC 8.1) spiritual healers, those who pray for others, those with spiritual gift to heal others through prayers, holy water (isiwasho) and or candles abathandwa /abathandekayo / abazalwane / abokumukhonzuThixo (UZL NC 8.1) fellow-believers, fellow-followers of Christ, the loved ones, the ones who are loved, abathe (ibizwanamusho / semi-sentence like word : UZL NC 8.1) who said abaThembu (UZL NC 8.1) the people from the Thembu clan, the Thembu clan abathengi /abakhithizi / abatitilizi / abathengimpahla / abathengiluncedo / abathengilusizo (UZL NC 8.1) / amakhasimende (UZL NC 7) customers, consumers, buyers abathengisi / abadayisi / abashakazi / abahwebi (UZL NC 8.1)
sellers, retailers, shop-keepers, street vendors, vendors, traders, purveyors, shopkeepers, suppliers, stock-keepers, stock-brokers, traders, merchants, dealers, advertising agents, salespersons, sales-representatives, agents, auctioneers, street-vendors, (2)the sell-outs, traitors, enemy whistleblowers, betrayers, back-stabbers, double-crossers, double-dealers, renegades, Judases vipers, turncoats, defectors, apostates, deserters; collaborators, fraternizers, colluders, informers, double-agents abathelintela / abakhokhintela / omisisizwe (UZL NC 8.1) taxpayers, ratepayers, registered motorowners, road users, toll-gate payers, abathethimacala (UZL NC 8.1) the legal professionals, bench, the bar, judges, the tribal courts presiding officers , chiefs, indunas, kangaroo court presiding officers abathi (ibizwanamusho / semi-sentence like word: UZL NC 8.1) who say e.g. Yibo laba abathii, akungayiywa esikoleni. “/ These are the people who say, we should not go to school. abathokozisi / abanandisi / abanandisayo (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers, dramatists, comedians, musicians, dancers, singers, actresses, those involved in activities that are meant to entertain their audiences. abathokozisikazi / osomahlayakazi / abalingisisikazi (UZL NC 8.1) actresses, female entertainers, female dramatists abathokozisi (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers (noun plural) , actors, dramatists, abathule / abangasekho / abafileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the deceased; the dead; the no-more abathuli/ abethuli / abasakazi (UZL NC 8.1) presenters, reporteers, broadcasters
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abathulibohlelo / abethulihlelo / abethulizinhlelo / abasakazi / abasakaziluhlelo / abaphathizinhlelo / abaphathiluthelo (UZL NC 8.1) programme presenters, programme directors, TV presenters, radio broadcasters abathumbi (UZL NC 8.1) capturers, kidnappers, abductors, capturers, seizers, snatchers, those holding others at ransom, those taking others hostage, hijackers abathungi / abaluki (UZL NC 8.1) the weavers, the sewers, the crafters, fashion designers abathungibempi / abathungimpi (UZL NC 8.1) / izigayigayi (UZL NC 9) the instigators, the warlords, militarists, hawks, commanders, jingoists, terrorist group leaders, sabrerattlers, aggressors, provokers, belligerents abathungingqephu / abasikelingqephu (UZL NC 8.1) fashion designers abathunjwa /abathunjiwe (UZL NC 8.1) captives, abductees, the captured, the kidnapped, the abducted, the seized against own will, the snatched, those held to ransom, those taken hostage abathungathi the searchers, the investigators, the search teams abathunjiwe / abavalelwe captives, hostages (2) convicts, prisoners, inamates abathunyiwe / abaposi / abaposayo (UZL NC 8.1) delegates, the postmen, the postwomen aBathwa (UZL NC 8.1) Khoi-Khoi and San people abavikeli / abaqapheli / abapheleki (UZL NC 8.1) the protectors or the defending attorneys, protectors, carers, security guards Abavume. (umushogama /sentence word: (UZL NC 8.1) They must agree.
Abavumi. (umushogama /sentence word) They ddo not agree. abaxovi / abaphehlidweshu (UZL NC 8.1) the trouble-makers, anarchists, mutineers, insurgents, agitators, subversives, guerrillas, terrorists, bioterrorist abaxabanisi (UZL NC 8.1) the troublemakers who cause quarrel disquiet, war or conflict amongst fellow human beings abaxazululi (UZL NC 8.1) the peacemakers, the arbitrators, abaxilongi / odokotela / abalaphi / onompilo (UZL NC 8.1) medical doctors, nurses, doctors who are investigating a sickness or disease, investigators and all those responsible for examining patients abayali / abaluleki / ababonisi (UZL NC 8.1) those responsible for providing guidance, coaching especially to problematic personalities abayaleli / abayalezeli / abavoti (UZL NC 8.1)/ imiphakathi (UZL NC 10) voters, those responsible for giving a mandate to their representatives, the electorates, the shareholders abayalezayo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones who give mandate, the ones who pass or send messages abayeni / abakhwenyana (UZL NC 8.1) / amadoda (UZL NC 7) husbands, male spouses, male partners, mate, consort, men; grooms, bridegrooms, men from the groom’s side Abayiphi? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) of whom, which or what? Abaphi? /Abakuphi? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Where are they from? Abavamile. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They are a rare encounter. , They are unusual., They seldom come by. abazabalazi (UZL NC 8.1) / amaqabane / amadelakufa (UZL NC 7) fighters, comrades, freedom-fighters, strikers, protesters, those with liberation struggle credentials
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abazali (UZL NC 8.1) the parents, mothers and fathers of children or siblings, guardians, foster parents, legal custodian of children/ siblings, abazalwane (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholwa (UZL NC 7) the fellow Christians, the born again people, the saved (religious) persons, abazelwe (UZL NC 8.1) the new born babies (2) abazelwe-busha / abazelwe-kabusha = born again Christians, repented, the repented Abazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They don’t know. abazukulu / abantwanabomuntwanami / abatabomuntwanami (UZL NC 8.1) the grandchildren eba… eba / ntshontsha / thatha ngozipho / thatha ngaphandle kwemvume / thatha unganikiwe (isenzo / verb) steal, purloin, thieve, take without permission, loot, pilfer, abscond with, appropriate, abstract, carry off, shoplift; embezzle, misappropriate E! Baba = is a specific greeting and an exclamation used when the groom’s negotiators seek to establish a relationship with the groom’s family. It precedes wedding plans. This greeting is largely directed to the father of the bride to be. It is usually the first indicator of the groom’s asking the hand in marriage traditional processes. eba ubuchopho / kopela / plejaraza (isenzo / verb) plagiarize, copy without acknowledging source of information or idea, pass off as one's own when it is not, infringe the copyright of another, pirate, poach, borrow, appropriate ebakasayo / enovalo / esabayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) an / a /
the apprehensive one, an / a / the nervous one, an / a / the edgy one ebaleni / engcekeni (undaweni / locative) in the yard, from the yard, to the yard, at the yard ebalekayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6) the escaping one ebanizayo / efithizayo / ebhanyazayo / ecwebezelayo / ekhanyayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) the glittering one, the sparkling one, the shinning one, the glimmering one ebandayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) the cold one, the cold ones ebandleni (undaweni / locative) in the congregation, from the congregation, to the congregation, at the congregation, to the assembly, from the assembly, at the assembly ebangeni (undaweni / locative) at / in / at / from the distance ebanzi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) a wide one, the wide one, the wide ones ebabayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) the hot one iba… iba (isenzo / verb) be, have e.g. iba naye / be with him or her : UZL NC 1.1, iba nawo / be with it or have it = UZL NC 1.1 (non-human), iba nawo / have it or them / be with it or them (nawo = UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) (examples of UZL NC 1.2 = ubhanana / banana; examples of UZL NC 7 = amantombazane / girls ; iba nalo. = be with it/ s/he (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 2 & 3) e.g. ijaji / judge = UZL NC 2, ugodo / pole = UZL NC 3 e.g. Baba! Iba nalo ijaji. / Father! Be with a judge.; iba nako. = be with it (ukudla / food) = UZL NC 4 e.g. ukudla / food, ukwazi / knowledge, e.g. Jehova! Iba nako ukudla kwethu. / Lord! Be with our food; iba naso / be with it : it = isandla / hand: UZL NC 5; iba nayo. / Be with it or them. e.g. inyoka, / snake = UZL NC 1.1 : 6); imizi / houses = (UZL NC 1.1 : UZL NC 10); iba nazo. / Be with
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them= UZL NC 9 (examples of UZL NC 9 = izingane / children; iba nabo. / Be with them = UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people and 8.2 e.g. ubusika / winter, e.g. Nkulunkulu! iba nabo abantu bakho. / God! be with your people. (N. B - When using ‘iba…’ subject noun prefix must not be prefixed with a vowel, but should have an exclamation mark as indicated above.
Iba nami. / Be with me .(nami / with me = first person : singular), Iba nakho. / be with… e.g. iba nakho konke ezweni / be with everything on planet earth. Iba nathi. / Be with us (nathi / with us = first person: plural) iba / thola / enza / akha (isenzo / verb) have, create, find, e.g. iba nesizukulwane / have descendants., make descendants, create descendants. iba… = UZL NC 6 & 10 concord (UZL NC 6 and 10) = It …. = (UZL NC 6), They … = (UZL NC 10) For example: (i) Inyoka ibabhubhisa ngoshevu. / The snake kills them with venom. (ii) Inyoka ibabhubhise ngoshevu. / The snake killed them with venom. (iii) Inyoka ibabhubhisile ngoshevu. / The snake has killed them with venom.
ibabe / isibazi (UZL NC 2) spot, patch on the skin, scar, cicatrix; mark, blemish, disfigurement, discoloration, defacement; pockmark, pock, pit; wound, lesion, burn; birthmark ibala / igceke / imunyango / ingaphandle (UZL NC 2 ) the ground, open space, courtyard, floor, e.g. earth, terra firma; flooring; yard, court, quadrangle, square, close, enclosure, precinct (2) ibala (UZL NC 2 )/ isixathu (UZL NC 5 )/ icaphazi (UZL NC 2 ) colour, the stain, spot, blemish, discolouration (3) ibala (UZL NC 2 ) / umubala (UZL NC 1.2 )/ indlelakubukeka (UZL NC 6 ) colour, complexion, skin tone ibalandlela (UZL NC 2 )/ isipidomitha (UZL NC 5) speedometre ibalazwe (UZL NC 2 )/ imephu (UZL NC 6 ) map
ibalelo / igxathi (UZL NC 2 )/ isinyathelo (UZL NC 5) warning, forewarning, alert, caution, disciplinary steps ibali (UZL NC 2 )/ indatshana (UZL NC 6 )/ udatshana (UZL NC 3 )/ inganekwane (UZL NC 6) a story, a short story, an essay, a brief, an account, tale, narrative, account, recital; anecdote; chronicle, history; (ibali is originally a Xhosa word but is used by many people in KwaZulu-Natal as synonym of a short story)
ibalo (UZL NC 2 ) /umugangatho (UZL NC 1.2)/ ilinganiso (UZL NC 2 ) / isilinganiso (UZL NC 5) seniority, numerical order, pecking order, ranking, grading, hierarchy, ladder, social order, social stratum, social scale, class system. Kumele nime ngokwebalo lenu. / You should stand in accordance with your status according to your seniority) ibamba / ibambela (UZL NC 2 )/ umusizi (UZL NC 1.1 )/ ihlasikhashana (UZL NC 2) / inhlalasikhashana (UZL NC 6 ) / isekela (UZL NC 2 ) an alternate, an acting person, a seconded person, a possible substitute, an interim replacement; a deputy, a relief, a proxy, a surrogate, a cover, a fill-in, stand-in person; a standby person, an emergency person , a reserve, a backup, an auxiliary person, a fallback person (2) wisdom tooth. ibambanduna (UZL NC 2 )/ imfolomane (UZL NC 6 ) foreman, supervisor, overseer, superintendent, junior boss, project leader, line manager, controller; foreperson, prefect, exit controller (the one who does not have ultimate authority but authority to monitor and pronounce) ibambasisu (UZL NC 2 )/ isifociya / isibhamba (UZL NC 5 )/ ibhande (UZL NC 2 ) figure belt, woman fibre girdle ibambazi (UZL NC 2 ) monitor lizard (2) detector, scanner, recorder; security
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system, security camera, CCTV surveillance camera, (3) observer, watchdog, overseer, invigilator, supervisor ibambela / ibamba / ihlalasikhashana (UZL NC 2 )/ umusizi (UZL NC 1.1 ) an acting person (check ibamba above) ibambezela / ivimbezela (UZL NC 2)/ ubambezelo / uthathelo (UZL NC 3)/ isibambezeli (UZL NC 5) delaying tactic, hindrance, obstruction ibambiso (UZL NC 2 )/ ubambiso (UZL NC 3)/ isibambiso / isiqinisekiso (UZL NC 5 ) pawn, deposit, down payment, part payment, advance payment, prepayment, installment, security, retainer, pledge, stake; front money, money up front. ibandla (UZL NC 2 )/ inkundla / imbizo (UZL NC 6 ) assembly, congregation, the church, parishioners, parish, churchgoers, flock, fold, faithful, following, followers, adherents, believers, loyal members, fellowship, communicants, laity, brethren, brothers and sisters, souls (2) an assembly of men in a patriarchal society ibanga (UZL NC 2 )/ indima (UZL NC 6 )/ ubude (UZL NC 8.2 )/ ubungako (UZL NC 8.2 )/ isigaba (UZL NC 5 ) distance, interval, space, span, gap, separation, interspace, stretch, extent; length, width, breadth, depth; range or reach (2) level, standard, grade, (e.g. NQF Level 1, Standard 1, Grade 1, Grade 12) ibangela (UZL NC 2 )/ imbangela (UZL NC 6 )/ umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2 )/ isiqhamo / isiphetho (UZL NC 5 ) cause, rootcause, effect, result, consequence, upshot, outcome, out-turn, sequel, corollary, reaction, repercussion, reverberation, ramification; endresult, conclusion, termination, culmination, denouement,
concomitant, aftermath, footprint, fruit(s), product, by-product. ibangwa (UZL NC 2 )/ umubangwa (UZL NC 1.1 )/ obangwayo (UZL NC 1.1 ) the one who is fought over, the one claimed by different parties (e.g. UNelson Mandela usephenduke ibangwa leANC neDA) (Nelson Mandela has been reduced to something the ANC and DA fight over) ibanjwa (UZL NC 2 )/ isiboshwa / isigelekeqe (UZL NC 5 )/ ibhantinti (UZL NC 2 ) the arrested one, prisoner, convict, inmate Ibaphi? (umubuzomusho / question like sentence-word : UZL NC 8.1) Which ones? e.g abantu / people, abantwana / children, omama / mothers ) Kungabe ibaphi abantwana okhuluma ngabo na? / Which children are you talking about? ibatha (UZL NC 2 )/ ubatha (UZL NC 3 ) flatfoot (2) the manner of walking as though one’s feet are sore. ibasa (UZL NC 2 )/ intando (UZL NC 6 ) love charm, herbal medicine believed to make one loved ibathu (UZL NC 2 )/ isigange (UZL NC 5 )/ ipaneka (UZL NC 2 ) glade, an open space in the woods or forest, a veld ibawa / icala (UZL NC 2) court case, lawsuit, action, legal action, suit, suit at law, cause, legal cause, trial, proceedings, legal proceeding ibawosi (UZL NC 2 )/ uvalo (UZL NC 3 )/ uxegelomadolo (UZL NC 3 ) / itwetwe (UZL NC 2 )/ ukwesaba (UZL NC 4 )/ ukuxegelwa-ngamadolo (UZL NC 4 ) fear, terror, fright, fearfulness, horror, alarm, panic, unease, agitation, anxiety, worry, angst, ibazelo / izubela / izwibela (UZL NC 2 ) wooden chip oba… oba… (directed at UZL NC 1.1) / you should be like…, be like e.g (Malume! oba njengomuntu ongazi lutho./ Uncle! You should
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be like a person who doesn’t know anything. / Uncle! Be like someone who doesn’t know anything.
oba… (UZL NC 8.2) It is for… e.g. Ubuso obaThandi / The face is for Thandi. obaba (UZL NC 8.1) fathers, daddies obabamukhulu / obabomukhulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ amakhehla (UZL NC 7) great – grandfathers, male ancestors obabayo (UZL NC 1.1 adjective) the chillie one, the hot one, bitter e.g. upelepele obabayo / a hot chillie, umuthi obabayo / a bitter medicine obabekazi / o-anti (UZL NC 8.1) aunties from the father’s side. ; one’s father’s sisters. obabezala (UZL NC 8.1) fathers-in-law obabomudala / obakazi (UZL NC 8.1) older father’s brothers, senior fathers obabomuncane /obaba-abancane / abafowabo-bakababa abancane (UZL NC 8.1 ) junior–fathers (the young brothers of one’s father) obabo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 8.1 or UZL NC 8.2 pronoun) it is for them.. ‘It ‘= UZL NC 8.2 e.g. ubuso / face, ubusika / winter, ubuthongo / sleep. ‘Them’ = UZL NC 8.1. (examples of UZL NC 8.1 = obaba / fathers, omama / mothers, omalume / uncles, obhanana / bananas, obhejane / rhinos) obabomudala (UZL NC 8.1) senior fathers (the older brothers of one’s brother) obafo / obhuti / abafowethu (UZL NC 8.1) the brothers, male colleagues, brothers, male siblings, older male who are of similar age as one’s brothers obakazi / obabomudala (UZL NC 8.1) the most senior fathers; the eldest brothers of ones father obako (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 4pronoun) It (UZL NC 8.2) is for UZL NC 4 (examples of UZL NC 4 = ukudla / food, ukwazi / knowing, ukoma / thirst
obakhe (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 human noun pronoun) his, hers e.g. Obabani lobu ubuso? /Whose face is this? Obakhe. / It is his or her. obakho (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 or second person pronoun, singular) it is yours. Obukabani lobu utshani? / Whose grass is this? Obakho. / It is yours. Utshani = UZL NC 8.2. Obakhona. (UZALO NC 8.2) It is for there e.g. ubuthongo / sleep, ubuthi / poison. obala in plain sight, in front of you obalo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3 pronoun) It is for UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3 (examples of UZL NC 2 = ijaji / judge, iqaba / uneducated person, iqiniso / truth, ithambo / bone) (examples of UZL NC 3 = uthando / love, ubhuqu / dust, ubambo / soulmate, ubizo / calling, ulimu / tongue) Obani….? (UZALO NC 8. 2) Obani lobu utshani? What is this grass for? obani = What is this UZL NC 8.2 for e.g. UZL NC 8.2 = utshani (grass) oba… obasi / abaqashi (UZL NC 8.1) bosses, employers, obaso (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 5 pronoun) It is for UZL NC 5 (examples of UZL NC 5 = isithombe / picture, isizathu / reason, isenzo / action or verb, isandla / hand, isono / sin obaqoqile (adjective noun: UZL NC 1.1) the one who has organised them, the one who has brought them together, the one who has united them, Obatshela. (directed at second person : singular) You must tell them., You must speak to them., You must talk to them. obayo (possessive : UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 pronoun) it for his / hers, its, them (examples: obayo / It is his / hers. It = ingane / child, imbuzi / goat = NC 6, It is for them (examples: obayo /
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It is for them = imithwalo / loads = NC 10 obawo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 – non-human and UZL NC 1.2 and UZL NC 7 pronoun) It is for UZL NC 1.1 non-human or UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7 (examples of UZL NC 1.1 non-human = ubhanana / banana, ubhejane / rhino, umango / mango) (examples of UZL NC 1.2 = umuzi / house, umulenze / leg, umushado / wedding (examples of UZL NC 7 = amantombazane / girls, amehlo / eyes, ameva / thorns) obazayo (isiphawulo / adjective : UZL NC 1.1) the carving one obazi (adjective UZL NC 1.1) the one who had known (2) You should know them e.g. Nguyena lona obazi ukuthi kwenzenjani. / This is the one who knew what was happening) obazo (possessive : UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 9) It is theirs e.g. izinkomo / cows, izingane / children, izalukazi / old women, izandla / hands, izono / sins Obazisa. You should let them know./You should advise them./You should give them information. obaziyo (adjective noun: UZL NC 1.1) the one who knows UZL NC 9 pronoun (them). Uba… ubaba / uyihlo / uyise (UZL NC 1.1 ) father, daddy *** The noun word ‘uyihlo’ or ‘uyise’ cannot be used by the first person e.g. Uphi uyihlo? (Where is your father?); Uphi uyise? (Where is his or her father). “Uyihlo” and ‘uyise’denotes second person possessive. Therefore, uyihlo or uyise = your father, your daddy.
ubabamukhulu / ukhokho / ubaba-ozala ubaba (UZL NC 1.1 ) great grandfather, male ancestor, grandfather ubabekazi / u-anti (UZL NC 1.1 ) paternal aunt, aunt from the father’s side, father’s sister ubabomudala / ubaba-omudala / ubabomukhulu / ubaba-
omukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) senior father, father’s older brother ubabomuncane / ubabaomuncane (UZL NC 1.1) junior father, father’s younger brother ubafo / ubhuti / umfowethu (UZL NC 1.1) a brother not necessarily by blood descent. ubala (UZL NC 3)/ okungekho (UZL NC 4)/ intwengekho (UZL NC 6)/ udwadwa (UZL NC 3) nothingness, nothing, oblivion, non-existence, non-being, non-life; nullity, blankness; void, vacuum ubaliso / ukhonondo / uthathobeka (UZL NC 3)/ inkonondo (UZL NC 6)/ ukubalisa / ukukhononda /ukukhala (UZL NC 4)/ isikhalo (UZL NC 5) complaint, cavil, quibble, grumble, moan, whine ubambo (UZL NC 3)/ usofasilahlane (UZL NC 1.1) companion, soul-mate, lifetime partner, God sent friend, God ordained partner, the lover destined to be with through eternity, soulmate (2) ubambo (UZL NC 3) rib Ubani? (UZL NC 1.1) Who? E.g. Ubani loyo? / Who is that? Ubani lowo? (UZL NC 1.1) Who is that? ubatha (UZL NC 3) flat foot (2) a way of walking with difficulty ba… = prefix sound-unit concord for UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu (people) + hlafuna (chew ) + inyama (meat) = abantu bahlafuna inyama.( The people chew meat). ba…. ‘for’ , ‘of’ (strictly UZL NC 8.1 & UZL NC 8.2 within the vowel coalescence conditions. In other words when the UZL NC nouns with prefix ‘o…’ and UZL NC 8.2 are subservient nouns it becomes sound-unit ‘bo’ instead of ‘ba’ as in omama babantu (women of people) when we swap it around it becomes abantu bomama (people of women)
Baba! (commanding noun: UZL NC 1.1) father!, daddy!, (a man who is senior enough to be one’s father) …baba (isiphawulo / adjective) chillies hot; bitter; pungent , acidic babaza (isenzo/verb) shout for restraint, show disbelief, indicate disapproval, exclaim, show disgust
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babazani! (isenzo / verb) shout for restraint, show disbelief, indicate disapproval. (plural) babazani bo! (isenzo / verb: plural) Shout for restraint./, Show disbelief, indicate disapproval (plural) babela / hhalela (isenzo / verb) crave for, long for, feel like, Babi. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ adjective sound unit = umusho, umushwana / sentence, sentence like word) They are ugly. Babili. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ adjective sound units = UZL NC 8.1) They are two.; They are a pair; They are a couple. Babone. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ verb = UZL NC 8.1) See them (2) They (UZL NC 8.1) saw … e.g. Babone inyoka / They saw a snake Babambe. (ba+ verb = UZL NC 8.1) arrest them, hold them, restrain them, catch them Babekazi! (commanding noun: UZL NC 1.1) aunt from father’s side. Babingelele. (ba+ verb : UZL NC 8.1) Greet them. Babophe. (ba+ verb : UZL NC 8.1) 1. Arrest or catch them 2. Commit them 3. Plot against them. Babophele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Tie them on …; Make them commit…; Make them sign …(2). plot against them Babophelele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Make them commit, accountable, undertake Babophelisise. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) make them commit tangibly e.g. in writing, taking an oath, sign a contract, etc. Babuke. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) See them, look at them, watch them Bacatshangelwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They have been given some consideration, support, Bacobele or bacobelele (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Share with them Babambeni! (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb: plural) Catch them. Babambeni bo! (ba+ verb + exclamation) Catch them please
bacaka / facaka (isiphawulo / adjective) be flat; be leveled Bacele. / Banxuse. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Ask them., Request them. Baculele sing for them Badala. (isiphawulomusho / adjective sentence word : UZL NC 8.1) They are old. Bade. (isiphawulomusho / adjective sentence word : UZL NC 8.1) They are tall Badiliziwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They have been retrenched. Badiniwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They are angry. Bahle. (ibizomushosiphawulo / adjective sentence-word : UZL NC 8.1) They are beautiful. , They are attractive. They are = pretty, handsome, good-looking, nicelooking, pleasing, alluring, prepossessing, as pretty as a picture; lovely, charming, delightful, appealing, engaging, winsome; gorgeous, heavenly, stunning, glamorous, irresistible, graceful, elegant, exquisite, aesthetic, artistic, decorative, magnificent, gorgeous bakaza / xakeka / khathazeka / xakaniseka (isenzo / verb) contemplate, bakha… (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They build, (2) They built Bakhe. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Reconstruct them, strengthen them bakhe (possessive UZL NC 8.1, 8.2 : UZL NC 1.1) his, hers e.g. obaba bakhe (UZL NC 1.1) / his or her fathers; ubuso bakhe / his or her face: obaba / fathers = UZL NC 8.1; ubuso / face = UZL NC 8.2; his or her = UZL NC 1.1 e.g. umama / mother, ubaba / father
bakho (possessive UZL NC 8.1, 8.2 : second person, singular) yours UZL NC 8.1 Bakhona. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) They are present (2) of there Bakhonze. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Worship them., Praise them., Be their subject. Bakhonzele. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Send regards on their behalf (UZL NC 8.1) bala / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) count, calculate, add up, sum up, tally
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Balambile. (ba= UZL NC 8.1 +verb) They are hungry. baleka / jubalala / eqa / nyamalala / gqashula / qaqeka / qengqetheka (isenzo / verb) run away, escape, get away, get out, run away, abscond, run off, break out, break free, retreat, disappear, vanish, slip away, sneak away, sneak out (2) dodge, play hide and seek, evade, avoid, balela / hlanganisela (isenzo / verb) count for, calculate for, add up for, sum up for, tally for balekisela / hlenga (isenzo / verb) rescue, save, protect balisa / khononda / xakeka / thathubeka / thatha ubeka / khathazeka (isenzo / verb) complain, grouse, grouch, grumble, moan, be troubled, carp, mutter, murmur, whisper; worry(2) count one’s troubles and sorrows, be worried, be regretful, be remorseful (3) help one to count balisela / tshela (isenzo / verb) tell someone, narrate to, discuss with, outline to balisele / tshele (isiphawulo / adjective / verb) told baliselwa (isenzo / verb) be told, receive complaint balwa (isenzo / verb) be counted; (2) balwe counted (2) fought, UZL NC 8.1 Balwa. = They fought. bami (possessive UZL NC 8.1) my, e.g abantu bami/my people, abangane bami/my friends (2) mine UZL NC 8.1 bamba / nqaka (isenzo / verb) hold, catch, clasp, hold on to, clutch, grasp, grip, clench, cling to, have in one's hand; carry, bear (2) take, grab, bambanani / hlanganani / bumbanani / zwanani (isenzo / verb) hold each other’s hands., unite, join together, join forces, combine, associate, band together, club
together, ally, cooperate, collaborate, work together, act together, pull together, get together, team up, go into partnership, work side by side, pool resources; bambeka / libala (isenzo / verb) be delayed, be late, be held up, be not on time, get caught up (2) be sick, be indisposed, be ill, be unwell, be bedridden bambekile / libalile (isiphawulo / adjective) delayed, held up bambekile / gula (isenzo nesiphawulo / verb and adjective) sick, ill, unwell, ailing, indisposed bambela / hlalela / thibazisela (isenzo / verb) hold for, act for, do something on behalf of, be in the place of, temporarily perform another’s duty. bambelela (isenzo / verb) hold on, clutch, hold, hang on to, clasp, grasp, grip, cling to bambezela / libazisa / dileya / dileyisa (isenzo / verb) delay, delay someone, linger, dally, take one's time, drag one's feet, be slow, hold back, dawdle, loiter, waste time; procrastinate, stall, play for time, hesitate, dither,. bambisa (isenzo / verb) help to hold on to something; lay-bye, deposit, give commitment bambisana / hlanganyela / bumbanani (isenzo / verb) work together, unite, collaborate, help each other bambisela (isenzo / verb) hold for another bambisele (isenzo / verb) held for bambisene (isiphawulo / adjective) cooperating, collaborating, working together bambisisa (isenzo / verb) hold very tight bambisandla / bamba-isandla /bambisandla / xhawula / bamba ithambo / bambithambo (isenzo / verb) shake one’s hand, hold, catch, clasp, hold on to, clutch, grasp, grip, clench,
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cling to, have in one's hand; carry, bear; Bamboze. / Bembathise. / Bagubuzele. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Cover them., Conceal them., Hide them. (2) Bamboze. / Babu(isenzo / verb) lale. / Babulale bonke. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Kill them., Massacre them., Eliminate them. Bambule. / Baveze. / Bambulizinqa. / Bambule-izinqa (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Uncover them., Expose them., Unseal them. Banake. / Babelesele. / Baxine. (ba +UZL NC 8.1 isenzo / verb) Keep an eye on them. ; Observe them.; Be alert against them.; Be vigilant on them. ; Pay attention on them. Banakekele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 isenzo / verb) take care of them. banisa / baniza / fithiza / phayiza (isenzo / verb) glimmer, glint, flicker, gleam, flare, shine, gutter, twinkle, sparkle banda (isenzo / verb) be cold, give one cold shoulder, be uninterested banda / banda qa (isiphawulo /adjective) cold, very cold bandisa (isenzo / verb) make cold, freeze banga / phikisana / xabana (isenzo / verb) fight over; clash, compete; contest banga / dala / holela / enza kube… (isenzo / verb) cause, bring about, necessitate, bring about, give rise to, create, begin, produce, generate, originate, engender, spawn, occasion, effect, precipitate, prompt, provoke, kindle, trigger, make happen, spark off, touch off, stir up, whip up, induce, inspire, foster bangela (isenzo / verb) be the cause of, lead to, result in, necessitate, cause to bangisa / qhudelana (isenzo / verb) compete, rival; challenge, match up (2) cause to
bangwa / lwelwa (isenzo / verb) be fought over; be the cause of a fight banzi / xembe / nabile (isiphawulo / adjective ) wide., broad, extensive, spacious, open, vast, spread out, outspread Baphe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Give them., Grant them., Donate to them., Confer to them. Baphelele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 +verb) They are all in., They are all present., Baphi? (umubuzomusho / question-like sentence word UZL NC 8.1) Where are they? e.g. Baphi abantu? / Where are the people? Baphindisele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 +verb) Return them., Take them back. basa / phemba / enzumulilo / enza-umulilo (isenzo / verb) make fire, ignite basela / phembela make fire for (2) basela / gijima / shesha / shwibeka (isenzo / verb) speed, haste, hurry basile / phembile (isiphawulo /adjective) made fire baselwa / phembelwa have fire made for, have fire made by someone baselwe / phembelwe had fire made for baso (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) UZL NC 8.1 of them (UZL NC 5) (ba…= UZL NC 8.1; …so = UZL NC 5) Bavale. / Bacindezele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Suppress them. Baveze. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Reveal them. Bavikele. / Baqaphe. / Bakhusele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Protect them., Guard them. bawo (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) UZL NC 8.1 of them (UZL NC 1.1 nonhuman, UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) (ba…= UZL NC 8.1; …wo = UZL NC 1.1 non-human, UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7)
Bawo! / Baba! / Jehova! / Nkulunkulu! Father, God, Lord Bayale. (ba = UZL NC 8.1+ verb) Give them advice.,
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Bayalele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Give them direction., show them the way., bayo (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) UZL NC 8.1 of UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 (ba…= UZL NC 8.1; …yo = UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) baza / cwecwa (isenzo / verb) carve, sculpt, engrave baze… until ( ba = UZL NC 8.1) e.g. Abantu bacule baze bagula. / People sang until they were sick. bazela isenzo / verb) carve for bazisa isenzo / verb) help to carve bazisisa isenzo / verb) carve thoroughly, carve meticulously Bazi. ( ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Know them. Bazibe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Ignore them. ; Avoid them. ; Give no regard to them. Bazise. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Notify them. (2) Hold them in high regard. bazo (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) UZL NC 8.1 of them (UZL NC 9) (ba…= UZL NC 8.1; …zo = UZL NC 9) Abangani bazo izingane. (The friends of children / Childrens’ friends)
abe… abe…- (ongumunini / possessive UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 2, 5, 6, 9 & 10 : all nouns with prefix vowel ‘i…’) of e.g. Laba abantwana abezisebenzi. / These children are of workers. / These children belong to workers abe…= They (UZL NC 8.1) are… ,; They are not, They were…, They were not…, They are of…., They did not (where ‘abe…’ is used in sentence like words) e.g Abengekho/They were not there, Abekhona. /They were there. Abekho./They are not there. (2) Those
who…, (where ‘abe…’ is used as a noun), Abantu + isabatha=? (aba)-(ntu) = aba ; aba+isabatha = (aba) +(i)+(sabatha) (ab)+(a+i)+(sabatha)(ab)+€(sabatha )=abesabatha. abehluleli / amajaji / onompempe (UZL NC 8.1) arbitrators , adjudicators, arbiters, judges, umpires, referees,
magistrates, disciplinary committees, supreme court judges abela / hlukanisela (isenzo / verb) share with AbeSabatha. (abe = UZL NC 8.1 (of) +noun) They are of Sabath. Abekho. (UZL NC 8.1) They are not there., They are absent. Abekhona. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 7) They were there. abelaphi (UZL NC 7)/ izinyanga (UZL NC 9)/ odokotela (UZL NC 8.1)/ izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi UZL NC 8.1) healers, health professionals, traditional healers, doctors, nurses, prayers, psychologists, psychiatrists abelungu / abamuhlophe UZL NC 8.1)/ amaNgisi / amaBhunu UZL NC 7) white people, English people, Afrikaners, Europeans abenu (UZL NC 8.1, second person plural ) yours; They are yours. They = UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people, abameli / lawyers, obhanana / bananas abenzi UZL NC 8.1) doers, entrepreneurs, workers, practitioners, organizers, activists, artisans , builders, men of action, achievers(2) perpetrators, doers of evil deeds or immoral acts. e.g Abenzi bayakhohlwa kodwa omenziwa abakhohlwa./perpetrators forget but victims never forget. (Zulu saying)
Abethu. UZL NC 8.1, first person plural ) ours, They are ours. e.g. Laba abantu abethu. / These people are ours.. abeza… (collective noun = of prefix vowel ‘a…’ abezamakhono (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in arts fields, artists, cultural workers, actors, actresses, singers, abezamahlaya (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) comedians abezamaqhingomunotho (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) economic sector strategists, entrepreneurs, businessmen, businesswomen, business people, business executives,
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enterprisers, speculators, tycoons, magnates; dealers, traders, buyers and sellers, merchants; commercial intermediaries, intermediaries, middlemen, promoters, impresarios abezomubukisongqephu (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) fashion models abezomuculo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) musicians abalingisi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) actors abezokulotshwa-nokushicilela (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) creative writing professionals abezamandla-nombuso / abezomubuso / abezokuphathwakwezwe / abezokuphathakwamandla omubuso (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) political scientists, those involved in political science or studies, fields and hard core politics Abezanga. (UZL NC 8.1) They did not come. Abezi. (UZL NC 8.1) They are not coming. abezezimali (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the financial sector or profession e.g. banking sector, retirement fund industry, accounting profession, finance profession, Chartered Accountants, financial advisers, Retirement Fund Administrators, Auditors abezamasiko / abezendabuko (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) cultural affairs practitioners abezemidwebozakhiwo / abadwebi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in architectonics, draughtsmen and draughtwomen abezemfundo/abemfundo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the teaching & learning profession, teachers, lecturers, educators, trainers, coaches abezempilo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the health profession, those who
are the authority in or of the health profession e.g abezempi / abezokuvikelazwe (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the military, armed forces, army, forces, Department of Defence, Ministry of Defence, services, militia, soldiery; navy, air force, marines, special forces. abezendawo / abezamabalazwe (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1)
geographers, land surveyors, abezenjulalwazi / abezokuchithwabuchopho (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) intelligentsia, intellectuals abezenkolo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in religious affairs, abezenhlalakahle / abezenhlalanhle (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) social work profession, those who are in the field of social work abezimaliqikelela (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) financial risk assessors abezizumbuluhlelakusasa (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) actuarial scientists abezizwe (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) foreigners, foreign nationals, (2) abezobuchule / abezobuchwepheshe / abezobungoti (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the technological advancement profession, those who are the authority in the technological space isibonelo computer scientists, computer programmers, the website designers, the architects, engineers, abezobuchwepheshe (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) scientists, technicians, all those involved in scientific fields or science profession e.g. abezobukhosi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those responsible for traditional affairs, experts in traditional affairs abezobulungiswa (UZL NC 8.1) justice, justice cluster, department of justice, ministry of justice
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abezobumbano (UZL NC 8.1) those charged with the responsibility of reconciling two opposing views e.g arbitrators, mediators, peace makers such as the African union, United Nations abezobungcwetinhlalo (UZL NC 8.1) social science profession, those involved in the social science field, social scientists abezobunhloli (UZL NC 8.1) the intelligence community, the intelligence profession abezochumisobuzwe / abezomudabundabuko (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) nationalists, patriots abezohulumeni/abezokuphathwakwemiphakathi (UZL NC 8.1) the public service field abezokuqoshwanemidwebongqephu (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) fine arts, creative arts especially visual arts abezokuphathwa-kwamazwe (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) institutions responsible for economic integration, peace and security in the world e.g. United Nations, African Union, the International Courts etc. abezokubalaxazulula (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) mathematicians, the accounting profession, those who are the authority of or in the accounting profession abezokudabuka / abezomulandomasiko (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) historians e.g. archeologists (uZimbiwe-mulando), cultural historian (uZomasikomulando), abezokudabula- imihlaba / abezokudatshulwa-kwemihlaba (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved with or in land demarcation field, abezokudabula-imigceleyomasipala / abezokuklaywa kwemingcele yomasipala (ibizosixhobo /
municipal demarcation office, field or study, municipal demarcation board abezokumbiwa (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in any form of mining or digging e.g. archeaologists, coal, platinum, diamonds and other minerals miners, fortune searchers. abezokuthutha (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in transportation abezokutshalwa kwezimali (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in investment such as asset managers, financial advisers etc. abezolimo-nemfuyo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in agricultural fields abezolwazi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in knowledge industry abezolwazi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) academia, academics abezoluntu (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those involved in humanities profession abezomubangazwe African liberation movements, any force involved in dispute of national land ownership abezomubusazwe politicians, politicial scientitists abezomudabu (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) those responsible with matters of origin, traditions and cultures, traditionalists abezomulando / abomulando / abezokhwezomagugu (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) historians, archivists abezomumomuzimba (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the human anatomy profession abezomushoshaphansi (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) intelligence fraternity, the intelligence community especially espionage, spying, undercover work, cloak-anddagger activities, surveillance, collective noun UZL NC 8.1)
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reconnaissance, intelligence, eavesdropping, infiltration, counterespionage, counter-intelligence abezomunotho / abezemunothongcebo / abezengcebomunotho (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the economics profession; economists abezomuthetho / abezophicothomithetho (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) the legal profession, legal fraternity, those who are the authority in the legal profession abezoqhubomithetho/abeziqondi somagwegwe / abezokuqhutshwakwemithetho / abezolawulomithetho (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) legal fraternity, law enforcement profession, law enforcement agents e.g the judges, the lawyers, the legal advocates, police, Abezwa. (abe = ukuphikisa isenzo / verb negation : UZL NC 8.1 ) They don’t listen, they’re stubborn, They don’t listen abezwi / abezenkolo (ibizosixhobo / collective noun UZL NC 8.1) gospel preachers, religious fraternity, those involved in religious affairs ebe… prefix UZALO NC 1.1 human = S/he was…, was not…, did not…, have… , have not…, had…, had not… e.g. Words starting with ‘ebe…’ are often explaining or describing the subject, object or verb. In this case subject is a leading noun often a doer and object is a secondary noun and verb is action. Read the following conversation so that you can understand when to use ‘ebe…’ Themba : “Thandi! Umufice enjani uSabelo?”/ “Thandi! How did you find Sabelo?” Thandi : “Ebethule.”/”He was quite.” Themba : “Awu! Ubethule nje? Bekwenzenjani?”/”Oh! He was just quiet? What was wrong?”
Thandi : “Khumbula! Phela ebefa izinhlungu, yingakho ebengangiphenduli noma ngizama ukuxoxa naye.”/”Remember! After all he was dying from pains, that is why he wouldn’t respond as I was trying to talk to him.”
ebekezelayo (isiphawulo / advective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the patient one ebeleni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the breast ebeleselayo (isiphawulo / advective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the nagging one ebethamoya / ekupholeni (undaweni / locative) in / to from / at cool place ibe… ibebe / ibebekazi (UZL NC 2) / isidloesimunandi / isibiliboco (UZL NC 5) pleasant food, delicious food, tasty food ibehlebehle (UZL NC 2) / ingxavungxavu (UZL NC 6) liquid food, unappertising ibeka / igagu (UZL NC 2) / umuntuokhulumela-phansi / umuntuongathathi-ngamawala (UZL NC 1.1) even-tempered person, quiet person, mild person, a mild mannered person ibele (UZL NC 2)/ incence (UZL NC 6) breast ibende (UZL NC 2) / isikhathi (UZL NC 5) menstruation blood, blood flowing from vagina ibethamoya / ihelezamoya / ishayamoya / ithulamoya (UZL NC 2) coolness, breezy situation, calmness, composure (2) air-conditioner ibethe (UZL NC 2) / umuduze (UZL NC 1.2) Natal lily, a lily flower, crinum falcatum ibetho (UZL NC 2) forge, smithy, blacksmith’s workshop, metal refinery / plant
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obe… obe… (UZL NC 1.1 is for a UZL NC 8.2) It is for… (it (obe) = UZALO Noun Cluster 8.2 e.g ubuso / face, ubusika / winter, ubomi / life) (2) obe… (UZL NC 1.1 +isenzo esiphikisayo / verb negation) e.g. umuntu obengazi / a person who did not know, obe… (UZL NC 1.1 who was …) umuntwana obegula / a person who was sick obenu (ongumunini, okukhulunywa nabo / pronoun possessive, second person, plural : UZL NC 8.2) It is yours obethu (ongumunini, abakhulumayo / pronoun possessive, first person, plural : UZL NC 8.2) It is ours ube… ube… (UZL NC 1.1 was …) she/he was e.g. uThandi ubedla isinkwa. / Thandi was eating bread. Ubebaba-ha! (UZL NC 1.1 was …) S/he was very angry. Ubebangani? (UZL NC 1.1 was …) What was he fighting over? Ubebayala. (UZL NC 1.1 was …) S/he was counseling them. ; S/he was advising them. Ubebapha. (UZL NC 1.1 was …) S/he was giving them. Ubebaphile. (UZL NC 1.1+ ba = UZL NC 8.1+ verb) S/he had given (them) e.g. umuntu ubephaphile ukudla. / A person had given them food. ubebebe (UZL NC 3) lip of a cattle, lip of an animal Ubecabangani? ( umubuzomusho / question sentence or statement: UZL NC 1.1+ ba =UZL NC 8.1+ verb) What was s/he thinking Ubecela. (UZL NC 1.1 was + verb) S/he was asking, she/he was requesting, ubefu (UZL NC 3)/ iphika (UZL NC 2) constricted breathing, gasp, whistle, hiss, rasp, croak, pant, cough, wheeze ubekane / uphawu (UZL NC 3)/ inkomba (UZL NC 6)/isiginisha (UZL NC 6) signature, (2) indication, sign, indicator, symptom, mark, manifestation, signal, demonstration, evidence, attestation, proof; omen,
augury, portent, warning, forewarning, pointer, guide, hint, clue. ubekebeke (UZL NC 1.1) something unsteady, unstable, shaky, rocky, rickety, wobbly, flimsy, frail, spindly, unsafe, precarious, insecure; uneven, unbalanced ubelo / ulacu (UZL NC 3)/ isipidi (UZL NC 5)/ ukwenza-ngamandla / ukukhwishiza (UZL NC 4) swiftness, speed, speediness, quickness, velocity, celerity, fleetness, fastness, rapidity, rapidness, liveliness; be… be… (isiqaloqanamusindo-longumunini, umubekwaphambili, umubekwangaphambili: preposition: UZL
of (UZALO NC 8.1= UZL NC 8.1 of nouns with prefix vowel ‘i…’ e.g. abantwana besalukazi / babies of grannies; abantu bemiphakathi / people of communities beba / beletha (isenzo / verb) ride on the back, (2) follow; come behind bebe… (UZL NC 8.1 were + verb) They were… e.g. Abantu bebeganga. / The people were naughty. Bebecula. (UZL NC 8.1 were + verb) They were singing. E.g. Abantu bebecula / The people we singing. Bebengekho. (UZL NC 8.1 were not + verb) They were not there. ; They were absent. E.g. Abantu bebengekho. The people were not there. Bebethanda. (UZL NC 8.1 were + verb) They were loving it.; They were happy.; They were in agreement.; They were in concurrence. E.g. Abantu bebethanda. / The people were in agreement beka / landa / khuluma / ethula / xoxa (isenzo/verb) put, speak, narrate, present e.g. Beka udaba sizwe. / Present a case, so we may hear. Or Let us hear, present a case. (2) beka / thula / qithiza / dinsila = (1) Beka NC 8.1 of UZL NC 6)
ibhakede phezu kwetafula. (Put the bucket on the
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table) place, set, put down, set down,
lay, lay down, deposit, situate, position, settle; leave, stow, prop, lean, plant, pose (3) beka / hlela / qoqa = assign , consign, allocate, place in; classify, categorise, bracket e.g. Beka abafundi ngokwezinga labo lokuqonda. / Assign, students according to their level of understanding. (4) beka / tshengisa / khombisa / khuluma / bonisa e.g. Ubeka engazuthi yimi owenze leli icala. / You speak as though I’m the one who is the perpetrator in this case. = speak, portray,
perceive, suggest, express, word, phrase, frame, formulate, render, convey, couch; state, say, utter, voice, speak, articulate, pronounce. (5) beka / thwesa / faka / belethisa e.g. Ubeka mina lelicala kuyacaca. /Clearly, you are apportioning blame on me with this case. = lay, pin, place, impose, fix;
attribute to, impute to, attach to, assign to, allocate to, ascribe to. (6) beka / landa / phakamisa / ethula e.g Beka umubono wakho silalele./Put forward your own point of view, we are listening. = submit, present, tender, offer, proffer, advance, suggest, propose; set before, lay before. beka
/ ngathekisa / khokhisa = (7) ubeka ixabiso lomusebenzi wakhe wokungimela kwinani elingu- R2800./ He puts his legal costs at an estimated value of R2800. = estimate, calculate, reckon, gauge, assess, evaluate, value, judge, measure, compute, establish, fix, set, guess; informal guesstimate. beka-phansi / qithiza / dinsila / yeka / dedela (isenzo/verb) put down, press down, bow (2) beka-phansi / shiya / cindezela / vala umulomo suppress, oppress bekela / gcina / khwezela / londoloza (isenzo/verb) keep for, look out for, preserve, conserve bekelwa (isenzo/verb) have something kept for
bekezela / nyamezela / beka ithemba (isenzo/verb) be patient, persevere, persist, continue, carry on, go on, keep on, keep going, not give up, struggle on, hammer away, be persistent, be determined, hang on, be hopeful. bekezelela (isenzo/verb) tolerate another or something bekisa / gcinisa / yalezela / khwezelisa (isenzo/verb) ask for reservation, reserve for, keep in reserve for, keep safe for, retain for, hold on to for, keep for, retain possession of for, keep possession of, hold back for, save for, store for, store up for, save up for, hoard for, put aside, lay aside, set aside, lay down, accumulate for, amass for, pile up for, stockpile for, garner for bekwa / fakwa / thweswa / khethwa (isenzo/verb) be installed, be put, be positioned, be placed , be put in place, be fixed, be fitted, be located, be situated, be stationed, be established, be inserted. (2) be inaugurated, be honoured, be elected, be appointed, be instituted, be introduced, be ordained, be consecrated, anointed, be enthroned, be crowned belesela / shusha / namathela / phindelela / beka-ubekile / banga-isicefe / iba umubelele / iba iphela endlebeni (isenzo/verb) nag, be persistent , harass, insist, keep on at, go on at, harp on at, put pressure, badger, keep after, give someone a hard time, get on one’s back, persecute, hound, harry, be continuous, be importunate, relentless, unrelenting; stubborn, intransigent, obstinate, obdurate beletha / beba / gibela emuhlane (isenzo/verb) ride on the back belethela (isenzo/verb) carry something or someone on behalf of another
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belethisa (isenzo/verb) assist another to give birth, help another to carry the baby or someone on the back, cause someone to give birth (2) burden someone belethwa be carried on the back (2) be a burden on someone, be ridden on someone’s back bembese / bambathise (UZL NC 8.1+ isenzo/verb) lay something over them, cover them, give them blankets as a gift. Bembese makoti! uqede inkulumo./ Bride! Give them blankets as gifts so they will stop gossiping. (2) Bembese bayagodola./ Put blanket over them they are feeling cold. bese (iqanamusindosiqalo, umubekwangaphambili , umubekwaphaphili / preposition) about to, about, it had e,g. Bese ngizohamba ngenkathi efika. /I was about to leave when he arrived. Ngizodla bese ngiyalala. / I will eat then sleep. Bese ngibona kahle ukuthi bazongibulala. /I could clearly see that they were about to kill me.(1) Bese kuyincwadi kaMathewu./It was about the book of Mathew. bese =
regarding, dealing with, concerning, with reference to, referring to, with regard to, with respect to, respecting, relating to, on, touching on, dealing with, on the subject of, in the matter of, (2) Bese kunkwampunzi idla emini. /it had become like a squalor. (where there is no order, it is free for all) bese = it had become,
around, round, throughout, over, through, all over, in all parts of, on every side of, encircling, surrounding; here and there, everywhere. benga / hlinza (isenzo/verb) carve, slice, cut up, chop, dice. Benga inyama./ Carve the meat. betha / shaya / faka (isenzo/verb) hit, clap, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, drub, hook, pound, smash, slam, welt, hammer, bang, knock, swat, whip, flog, cane, bethela / faka-izinkonkwane / qinisa-umuzi (isenzo/verb) protect from
evil spirits, exorcise, drive out, cast out, expel, rid, deliver, free, purify, cleanse, purge. bethi / bekhuluma / bebeka (UZALO NC 8.1 saying) saying, speaking, uttering, voicing, pronouncing : giving utterance to, giving voice to, mentioning, commenting, noting, declaring, stating, announcing; remarking, expressing, observing, adding; replying, responding, answering, rejoining; whispering, muttering, mumbling e.g Ngifice abantu bethi; “Makakhululwe.” / I found people saying “she must be released.” bezwa (isenzo / verb) They hear from…, They get it from … (1) Bezwa ngawe. /
They get it from you. or they heard it from you. bezwa = hear, get, told, spoken, (2) Bahlizwe bezwa. / They were wide awake when they operated on them. bezwa =
conscious, aware, awake, wide awake, compos mentis, alert, responsive, reactive, feeling, sentient. abi… abilisiwe (sivumelwano sikamenzi UZL 7 + isenzo / subject noun concord + verb) boiled UZL 7 as in boiled water = amanzi abilisiwe abizayo ebi… (adjective or verb concord UZALO NC 6 & 10) the one that was e.g. Ingane ebikhala. / The child that was crying. (b) Imiphakathi ebikhononda. / The communities that were complaining. ebi.. ebibanda (ebi…= UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + adjective) the one that was cold ebibiyelwayo avoided UZL NC 6 as in indaba ebibiyelwayo (a matter that is being avoided) ebibolile (ebi= UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + adjective) the one that was rotten ebilisiwe boiled UZL NC 6 as in inyama ebilisiwe (boiled meat)
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ebindiwe choked UZL NC 6 as in intombazane ebindiwe (a choked girl) ebiwe. / antshontshiwe (UZALO NC 7 = prefix e = They + verb) They’ve been stolen. e.g. Amazambane ebiwe. / The potatoes have been stolen. Amazambane = UZL NC 7
ebiyelwe fenced UZL NC 6 or UZL Nc 10 as in indlu ebiyelwe (a fenced house) ebiyinde (ebi= UZL NC 6 + adjective) the one that was tall. Intambo ebiyinde. / The rope that was long. ebiyinhle (ebi= UZL NC 6 + adjective) the one that was beautiful. (Please note that when soundunit ‘ebi’ is subsequently followed by sound-unit ‘yi’ it is only applicable to UZL NC 6 nouns). ebizwakala (ebi = UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + verb) the one that was audible, understandable, eloquent, expressive, clear, articulate expensive UZL 7 as in amaqanda abizayo (expensive eggs) ebi… (adjective or verb concord UZALO NC 6 & 10) the one that was e.g. Ingane ebikhala. / The child that was crying. (b) Imiphakathi ebikhononda. / The communities that were complaining. ebibanda (ebi…= UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + adjective) the one that was cold ebibiyelwayo avoided UZL NC 6 as in indaba ebibiyelwayo (a matter that is being avoided) ebibolile (ebi= UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + adjective) the one that was rotten ebilisiwe boiled UZL NC 6 as in inyama ebilisiwe (boiled meat) ebindiwe choked UZL NC 6 as in intombazane ebindiwe (a choked girl) ebiwe. / antshontshiwe (UZALO NC 7 = prefix e = They + verb) They’ve been stolen. e.g. Amazambane ebiwe. / The potatoes have been stolen. Amazambane = UZL NC 7
ebiyelwe fenced UZL NC 6 or UZL Nc 10 as in indlu ebiyelwe (a fenced house)
ebiyinde (ebi= UZL NC 6 + adjective) the one that was tall. Intambo ebiyinde. / The rope that was long. ebiyinhle (ebi= UZL NC 6 + adjective) the one that was beautiful. (Please note that when soundunit ‘ebi’ is subsequently followed by sound-unit ‘yi’ it is only applicable to UZL NC 6 nouns). ebizwakala (ebi = UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + verb) the one that was audible, understandable, eloquent, expressive, clear, articulate Ibi… ibi… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 was …+ isenzo/verb) S/He/It / They (NC10) was, were(adjective or verb concord UZALO NC 6 & 10) e.g. Ingane (UZL NC 6) ibikhala. / The child was crying. (b) Imiphakathi ibikhala. / The communities were complaining. ibi … (UZL NC 6 & 10) was, were,
had e.g. Inja ibiluma ikati. / The dog was biting the cat. Imiphakathi ibibhikisha. / The communities were protesting. ibibane (UZL NC 2)/ ukusikeka ngaphansi kozwane (UZL NC 4) cut under the toe ibibi (UZL NC 2) the / a loose flesh under the chin ibika (UZL NC 2)/ umubono (UZL NC 1.2)/ iphupho (UZL NC 2)/ isiboniso (UZL NC 5) premonition, intuition, perceptiveness, perception, breadth of view, foresight, insight, farsightedness, prescience, discernment, awareness, penetration, shrewdness, sharpness, cleverness. ibilisa / ibiliso / iyisti / imbiliso (UZL NC 2) yeast ibindo (UZL NC 2) choking thing Ibingeve… (ibi = UZL NC 6 & 10 + verb or adjective) S/He/It was …. Too much; excessively; E.g. Intombazane ibingeve ikhuluma. / The girl was talking too much. (2) Imiphakathi ibingeve ibanda esiphakamisweni. / The communities were very cold towards the proposal.
Ibingeve iyinhle. (ibi = UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 + adjective) S/He/ It (UZL NC 6) was were very beautiful. They (UZL NC 10) were very beautiful. UZL NC 6 = ingane / child,
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inkomo / cow UZL NC 10 = imishado / weddings, imishanelo / brooms Ibingeve imuhlophe (ibi UZL NC 6 & 10 + adjective) S/He/ It was very white., They were very white. (See above examples of UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10)
Ibiya. (ibi = UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 + verb) S/He/ It (UZL NC 6) was going to…, They (UZL NC 10) were going to. (See above examples of UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10)
Ibiye. (ibi = UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10+ verb) S/He/ It / went to…/ They went… (See above examples of UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10) Ibiyela. (ibi = UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + verb) S/He/ It went for… (See above examples of UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10)
Ibiyi … (UZL NC 6+ adjective) S/He/It was… e.g. Intombazane ibiyinhle emushadweni. / The girl was beautiful at the wedding . Ibiyimbi. (ibi + adjective) S/He/ It was ugly. Ibiyinde. ibi + adjective) S/He/ It was tall, long, Ibiyinhle. (ibi + adjective: UZL NC 6 ) S/He/It was beautiful (Please note that when sound-unit ‘ebi’ is subsequently followed by sound-unit ‘yi’ it is only applicable to UZL NC 6 nouns).
ibizo / igama (UZL NC 2)/ isethulo (UZL NC 5) noun, name, title, denomination, designation, honorific, tag, epithet, label , brand-name obi… Obibithekayo (o = UZL NC 1.1 +verb + ‘suffix ‘yo = adjective noun) the one who pulls face though he/she wants to cry ‘o…’ prefix = Adjective Concord or Verb Concord UZALO Noun Cluster 1.1 & 1.2, ‘u…’ prefix = Adjective Concord or Verb Concord UZALO Noun
(Please note that prefix vowel ‘o’ when immediately followed by a verb or adjective it is the adjective concord for UZL NC 1.1 and UZL NC 1.2 which have prefix vowel ‘o’)
obika (o = UZL NC 1.1 and second person singular concord + verb) you should report, you should announce, you should tell on, you should give report back or feedback obikayo (isiqalo unkamiso ‘o’ + isenzo kanye nesijobelelo (suffix) ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘o’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ =
the one who is reporting e.g. umuntwana ibizosiphawulo / adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 )
obikayo. / The baby who is reporting. obikela.... (isiqalo unkamisa ‘o’ + isenzo / prefix vowel ‘o’ + verb = adjective noun concord + verb actioned by UZL NC
You should report to… obikelanayo (isiqalo unkamiso ‘o’ + isenzo kanye 1.1 & second person, singular)
nesijobelelo (suffix) ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘o’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’
the one who persistently reports on… obilile / ophaphile / oyithatha / oqinile (ibizosiphawulo / adjective noun UZL NC 1.1) the hyperactive one, the annoying one obizayo (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL 1.1) expensive UZL 1.1 as in ubhatata obizayo (expensive sweet potatoes) obizo (UZL NC 8.1) those with the same first or middle name as you ubi… ubici / ubhici (UZL NC 3)/ isicibilikana (UZL NC 5) melting thing ubikibiki (UZL NC 1.1) a Zulu traditional custom where a bride sends gifts to the groom’s family ubisi (UZL NC 3) milk ubiyo (UZL NC 3)/ umuthangala (UZL NC 1.2) fence, barrier Ubiziwe. (u = UZL NC 1.1 verb concord + verb) S/he has been called. ubizo (UZL NC 1.1) the one with the same first or second name as you (2) ubizo (UZL NC 3)/ isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) calling, vocation, mission; call, summons, profession, occupation, career, work, employment, job, business, trade, craft, line, line of work, pursuit, métier, walk of life = ibizosiphawulo / adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 )
bi… bibitheka / nyipha (isenzo/verb) feel like crying, cry, shed tears, sob, snivel, whimper, whine, mewl, bawl, lament, grieve, mourn, keen, wail; bicika / ncibilika / bhicika (isenzo/verb) melt, liquefy, thaw, unfreeze, defrost, soften, run, flux, fuse, render, clarify, dissolve, deliquesce.
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bicikela /ncibilikela / bhicikela (isenzo/verb) melt on something, bika / chaza / phawula / beka / ethula (isenzo/verb) report, announce, describe, give an account of, tell of, detail, delineate, outline; explain communicate, pass on, relay (2) bika / veza = divulge, disclose, reveal; make public, publish, circulate, set out, set forth, put out, post, broadcast; blazon, herald, proclaim, declare, publicize (3) beka / gcina = promulgate; document, record, chronicle; store; keep in safe; keep away bikela / tshela / xoxela (isenzo/verb) report to, talk to, relay to, discuss with bikelwa / boniswa (isenzo/verb) have someone reporting to you, be advised, be sensitised about something(2) foretell, prophecy, have premonitions bikisa (isenzo/verb) help with reporting bikwa / ethulwa (isenzo/verb) be reported, be handed over, be presented over bila / gxabha (isenzo/verb) boil, cook, heat, bubble, bila / qina / phapha (isenzo/verb) be hyper active; be too playful, be excessively playful bilisa / gxabhisa (isenzo/verb) boil something, cause to boil e.g water (bilisa amanzi / boil water), bilisa ubisi (boil milk) bilisela (isenzo/verb) boil something on behalf of someone, boil for bilisisa (isenzo/verb) boil something thorougly biliswa (isenzo/verb) be boiled, be caused to sweat as in UThembi ubiliswa ngowoyela (Thembi is boiled with oil) binda / klinya (isenzo/verb) choke, throttle; asphyxiate, suffocate; bung up, block, obstruct, stop up, silt up, plug, dam up; congest, jam
bindeka (isenzo/verb) be choked, be throttled, be asphyxiated, be suffocated; be bunged up, to be blocked, to be obstructed, to be stopped up, to be silted up, to be plugged, to be dammed up; to be congested, to be jammed in the throat area -bindekile (isiphawulo/adjective) being choked, being throttled (see bindeka above) bindwa (isenzo/verb) be choked, be throttled; be asphyxiated, be suffocate (See bindeka above) bingelela / thulisa / khuleka (isenzo/verb) greet, say hello to, address, salute, hail, halloo; nod to, wave to, raise one's hat to, tip one's hat to, acknowledge the presence of. bingelele / thulisile / khulekile / bingelelile greeted bingelelisa (isenzo/verb) make someone to greet bingelelwa / thuliswa / khulekelwa (isenzo/verb) be greeted bingelelwe / thulisiwe / khulekeliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been greeted binyilika / phuka / nyela (isenzo/verb) slip, slide, skid, slither, glide; fall over, fall, lose one's balance, stumble, tumble, trip, creep, steal, sneak, slide, sidle, slope, drop, go down, sink, slump, tumble, plunge, plummet, decrease, depreciate (3) break, be disappointed; be embarrassed, be heart-broken binyilikile / phukile / nyelile (isiphawulo / adjective) slipped, slided, skidded, glided bipha / cikeka / cunuka (isenzo/verb) disapprove, do a mouth gesture to demonstrate unhappiness, sadness, miserable, sorrowful, dejection, despondency, disconsolate, morose, regretful, broken-heartedness , heartbroken, down, downcast, dispirited, downhearted
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biphela / cikekela / canukela (isenzo / verb) show disapproval towards something or someone by doing downward gestures with your mouth area, be unhappy about something or someone, be despondent against something or someone biphelwa / cikekelwa / canukelwa be disapproved, be dejected, be rejected biqika / bhinyilika / nyela (isenzo/verb) accidentally twist one’s ankle, twist one’s ankle, be sprained, be dislocated, loose balance biqikela (isenzo / verb) accidentally wtist one’s ankle on to someone or something biqikisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to twist one’s ankle, twist something, cause something to twist bitiza / pitshiza / ciphiza / cindezela quash, quell, crush, presson biwa (isenzo/verb) feel drained biwe (isiphawulo/adjective) drained (2) biwe / ntshotshiwe stolen bixa / bhixa / xika / gcobakakhulu (isenzo/verb) apply handsomely, rub in, spread generously, apply excessively, make shiny, make fatty, streak, mark, smear, stripe, dot, blot, blob, daub, stain bixeka (isenzo/verb) be dirtied by something, be besmirched by something bixela (isenzo/verb) apply handsomely for someone bixika / gxaza (isenzo/verb) be smudgy, be streak, bixikisa / bhikisa / gcobisa / ngcolisa (isenzo/verb) mark, dirty, spot, soil, muddy, fleck, speck, blotch, blacken, smear, stripe, dot, blot, blob, daub, bedaub, stain (2) peel off from something smudgy biya / biyela / vikela-isakhiwo / vikela-impahla (isenzo/verb) fence off, enclose, surround, circumscribe,
encircle, circle, encompass, bound, form a barrier around, form a ring round, divide up, section off, separate off, partition off, cut off, cordon off, close off, isolate, segregate, seal, close e.g. biyela izinkomo / fence off the cows, (2) Wayedinga olunye ucingo ukuze abiyele izinkukhu zakhe. (He needed more wire to fence off his chickens) biya = confine, pen in,
coop up, rail in, box in, wall in, hedge in biyela (isenzo/verb) enclose something, protect something, fence off something e.g. Biyela umuzi wakho. (Fence off your house)
biyele (isiphawulo / adjective) fenced, enclosed biyelela (isenzo/verb) fence off for, enclose on behalf of someone biyelele (isiphawulo / adjective) fenced for, enclosed for biyelwe (isiphawulo / adjective) fenced off, enclosed biza / memeza (isenzo/verb) call, shout, e.g. (Kuyasha lapha. Biza bonke abantu. / It is burning here. Call all the people. = cry out, cry, shout, yell, sing out, scream, shriek, screech; exclaim (2) biza / qhweba / nyakazisa e.g. Biza loyana ubaba olele. / Call that man who is sleeping = wake up, wake, awaken, waken (3) biza / thinta =
summon, send for, ask for, order, page, get in touch with, communicate with, make contact with, approach, reach, notify, be in communication with; phone, call, ring up, speak to, talk to, write to (3) biza / dula = be expensive, be unaffordable, be beyond reach e.g. Leliya ijazi liyabiza / That coat is expensive = costly, be highpriced, be high-cost, be exorbitant, be extortionate, be overpriced, be immoderate,, be extravagant, be lavish, worthy bizela / thintela (isenzo/verb) call for (2) contact for bizelana (isenzo / verb) call for one another
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bizisa / dulisa (isenzo/verb) make it expensive, make it costly, be pricey, be beyond affordability levels, be uncompetitive (2) bizisa / thintisa help someone to call bizwa / thintwa (isenzo/verb) to be called, receive a calling abo… abo (UZL NC 7 of UZL NC 8.1, ongumunini / possessive) of them ; e.g. amakhekhe abo. / Their cakes.; Cakes of them. amakhekhe = UZL NC 7 prefix ‘ama…’ or ‘ame…’, them = UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abameli / lawyers; abendabuko / traditional people Abo… (UZL NC 8.1) They should …; They must …. ; They need to … Abofika naye kusasa. / They must come with him tomorrow. Abolile (isiphawulo / adjective) rotten UZL 7 as in amaqanda abolile (rotten eggs) abomundeni /abozalo / abegazi (UZL NC 8.1) / uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ umundeni (UZL NC 1.2) family, blood relatives, extended family abomuthetho / abezomuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) legal authorities, regulators, law-makers abomvu (a = UZL NC 7 + adjective) They are red., (2) the red ones abonakele / abahwiphilizi / abangcolile / ababi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikhohlakali / izilelesi / izoni (UZL NC 9) the corrupt, the immoral people, the evil people, unethical people, the social outcasts, outcasts Abonanga. / Bamusulwa (UZL NC 8.1 + have not + verb) They were not wrong.; They have done nothing wrong.; They are innocent. aboni / izoni / abonakele / abangcolile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izoni / izikhohlakali (UZL NC 9) sinners, wrongdoer, evil-doer, transgressor, offender, criminal abondli / obhekamakhaya (UZL NC 8.1) feeders, bread-winners, social
welfare department, Social Security Agency of South Africa (SASSA) Abongena. (abo = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They should come in. Abongenelela. (abo = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They should intervene.; They should mediate. abongi / abakhwezi / abakhwezimali / abatshali-zimali / abadlali-zitokofela / omasigcwabisane (UZL NC 8.1) savers, investors, food savers, money savers, stokvel participants, funeral scheme participants, abongibentela / abongintela (UZL NC 8.1) tax-savers, South African Receiver of Revenue savers of potential extra tax liability; those who put money aside strictly towards contributing towards tax revenues, ebo… ebo… ( isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
e.g. ebolayo the one that get rotten too early, the one that is getting rotten; ebolile – the rotten one e.g. inkukhu / chicken, inyama / meat, ebolayo (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) a roting one, the one going through a stage of decomposition eboka… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10, locative : UZL NC 1.1) = ingubo ebokaThandi. / The dress that is at Thandi’s place. ebolekisayo (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one available for lending ebolekwayo / ethselekwayo ( isiqalo NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord )
unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10,
e.g,. Imali ebolekisayo / money that could be borrowed = money that can be taken as a loan, UZL NC 6 or 10 that can be asked for a loan, that can be granted but to be paid, that can be used temporarily ebolile (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the rotten one adjective concord )
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ebonakalayo / ecacile ( isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord ) evidential, visible to the eye, target ebongayo ( isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
UZL NC 6 or UZL NC10 that is grateful, that is graceful, thankful, that is full of gratitude ebomvu ( UZL NC 6 & 10 adjective) the red one one e.g. ingubo ebomvu / a red dress ebongayo (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the grateful one eboshiwe / abnjiwe / ekhulekiwe the one that has been arrested, the imprisoned one, the one with constrained mobility ibo… iboka… / ikubo ka… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is at UZL NC 1.1’s home, residence) UZL NC 6 or 10 is at UZL NC 1.1 ingubo yami ibokaThemba. / My dress is at Themba’s house. (b) IbokaThamba lapha / IkubokaThemba lapha. (This is Themba’s house.) Ibonakele. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) it has been seen. = UZL NC 6. e.g. ingubo / dress, inyama / meat, imbongolo / donkey; They have been seen = UZL NC 10 e.g. imiphakathi / communities, imithetho / laws ibomvu (UZL NC 2) red clay, red face mask, red ochre iboza (UZL NC 2) moschosma riparia (green shrub used for flu and coughing) obo… obonile (UZL NC 1.1 adjective noun = o+ verb + suffix ‘ile’) the one who has seen e.g. umama obonile konke / The mother who has seen it all obonisayo (isiqalo unkamisa ‘o’ + isenzo + isijobelelo NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord )
iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘o’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
the one who is
NC 1.1 adjective concord )
explaining
obonisanayo ( isiqalo unkamisa ‘o’ + isenzo +
isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘o’ + verb + suffix
the one who usually consult, the one who does not impose his/ her advices Obonga (UZL NC 1.1 or second person , singular) you must say thank you/ you must give thanks obongayo (UZL NC 1.1 adjective noun = o+ verb + suffix ‘yo’) the one who is thanking or being grateful obongile (UZL NC 1.1 adjective noun = o+ verb + suffix ‘ile’) the UZL NC 1.1 who has expressed gratitude. ubo… ubokoboko / utebetebe (UZL NC 1.1) something wobbly, an object, which is : unsteady, unstable, shaky Ubonani? (UZL NC 1.1 or second person singular ) What do you see? Uboneni? (UZL NC 1.1or second person, singular) What did you see? uBombo / uKhahlamba (UZL NC 3) long range of mountains. Ubongena. (UZL NC 1.1 or second person, singular) You should get in. ; You should enter. Ubongenela. (UZL NC 1.1 or second person singular) You should intervene . ; You should intercede ubomi (UZL NC 8.2)/ impilo (UZL NC 6) life, existence, living Ubomvu. (UZL NC 1.1) S/He/ It is red. ubomvu (UZL NC 8.2) pus uboya (UZL NC 8.2) animal skin, hair, fur, bo… Bobabili (isivumelwano sesiphawulo esithathelwe ‘…yo’ = UZL NC 1., adjective concord )
esabizwaneni sesigaba UZL 8.1 / adjective noun concord, UZL 8.1)
both of them, UZL 8.1 as in Yibona bobabili abafana abadlalayo. (It is both boys that are playing.) bola / onakala / khunta (isenzo/verb) rot, decay, decompose, go off, go mouldy, be spoilt boleka / tsheleka / nana (isenzo/verb) borrow, take as a loan, ask for the loan of, receive as a loan, use
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temporarily, have temporarily; lease, hire; bolekela (isenzo/verb) borrow something for another bolekisa / tshelekisa / nanisa (isenzo/verb) make available for temporal use, make available and expect returns, loan, lend bolekwa / nanwa / tshelekwa (isenzo/verb) lend, loan, give someone the loan of, let someone use, let someone have the use of; advance bolisa / khuntisa / onakalisa (isenzo/verb) cause to rot e.g. Lena ifriji ayisebenzi kahle. Ibolisa ukudla kwami. This fridge no longer works effectively. It rots my food. bolekisa / nanisa / tshelekisa (isenzo/verb) make it available for hire, loan, borrow, for others to use temporarily, Bolila. / Bayolila. (UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They will weep., They will cry., They will scream. bolile /khuntile / onakele (isiphawulo / adjective) rotten, decomposed, spoilt, off bona / buka / bheka (isenzo / verb) see, look view, watch, discern, perceive, glimpse, catch a glimpse of, spot, notice, (2) spy, stalk (3) distinguish, identify, recognize, detect, note, mark (4) Ngibona ukuthi uzosisiza. / I think s/he can help us:= understand, think, grasp, comprehend, follow, take in, realize, appreciate, suppose, recognize, conceive, perceive, fathom bonakala (isenzo / verb) be visible , be seen (2) distinguishable, visible, stand out, clear bonakele (isiphawulo /adjective) seen, understood, clear bonakalisa / tshengisa / cacisa (isenzo / verb) show, reveal, demonstrate, display, exhibit bonana (isenzo / verb) see someone, consult with, seek advise from
bonani (isenzo / verb, plural) see, look, (suffix ‘…ni’ denotes plurality) boneka visual bonela / bholofida / boniswa / tshelwa (isenzo/verb) foretell, predict, forecast, foresee, anticipate, envisage, envision, see, prophesy, prognosticate, augur, divine; warn, forewarn bonelela / cabangela / hawukela / bekezelela / nakekela / dabukela (isenzo/verb) be considerate, be attentive, be kind, thoughtful, be concerned, be mindful, be heedful, be obliging, be accommodating, be helpful, be cooperative, be patient, be unselfish, compassionate, sympathetic, caring, be charitable, be altruistic, be generous, be polite, sensitive, civil, tactful, diplomatic. bonelwa / bholofidelwa / profethelwa / bhulelwa (isenzo/verb) to be foretold bonisa / luleka / cabangisa / cathulisa / faka-umulomo / donsa ngendlebe (isenzo / verb) make one see, advise, counsel, give counsel, give guidance, guide, make recommendations, offer suggestions, offer opinions, give hints, give tips, give pointers, direct, instruct, give instruction, illuminate, educate, teach, lecture, train (2) bonisa / tshengisa / bukisa (isenzo / verb) show, manifest, make manifest, exhibit, reveal, convey, communicate, make known; indicate, express, proclaim, intimate, make plain, make obvious, signify, evince, evidence, disclose, betray, divulge, give away. Bonisa umsebenzi wakho kudala ukhuluma ngawo. / Display your work now, you have been talking about it for long. (2) Bonisa ukuthi yenziwa kanjani leprojethi. /Demostrate how this project works.
bonisa / luleka / yala / cabangisa / cacisa / tshengisa / qinisekisisa = demonstrate to, point out to, explain to, describe to, expound to;
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clarify, make clear, illustrate, explicate, expound, elucidate; teach, prove, demonstrate, verify, confirm, show beyond doubt, substantiate, corroborate, establish, ratify, validate, authenticate, attest, certify, testify, document, bear out. (3) Bonisa ukuthi ngenze njani ngalenkinga. /Provide advice on how best to handle this problem.
bonisa / luleka / phakamisa / phawula = advise, suggest, recommend, comment, boniswa (isenzo / verb) be shown boniswe (isiphawulo /adjective) shown bonga / phakamisa / dumisa / tusa / thokozela / jabulela / busisa (isenzo/verb) give thanks, appreciate, be grateful, acknowledge, be grateful for, be thankful for, give thanks for, be appreciative of., flatter, give compliments applaud bongani (isenzo/verb: plural ) give thanks, appreciate, show gratitude (also a popular name of a male meaning giving thanks) bongela / ncoma / tusa / thakasa (isenzo/verb) congratulate, praise, commend, applaud, salute, honour, eulogize, extol, acclaim, (2) thank on behalf of, show gratitude on behalf of bongisa / thakasela (isenzo/verb) assist in expressing gratitude, help in givng thanks bopha / bhandisha / qinisa (isenzo/verb) tie, bind, tie up, tether, hitch, strap, truss, fetter, rope, chain, make fast, moor, lash, attach, fasten, fix, secure, join, connect, link, knot, (2) bopha / valela / faka-ozankosi arrest, arrest, apprehend, take into custody, seize, take in, take prisoner, detain, put in jail, throw in jail; (3) Bopha qabane isikhathi sesihambile. / Finish comrade time is against us. = bopha /
qeda / pheza / ima / misa / nqamula / wo (isenzo / verb) finish, stop, halt, end, bring to a standstill, check, block, hinder, hamper, delay, hold
up, hold back, restrict, limit, interrupt, prevent, obstruct, inhibit, impede, interfere with, thwart, baulk, curb, put a brake on, slow, slow down, retard, nip in the bud bophana / xovana / xubana / xabana (isenzo / verb) tangle , entangle, snarl, catch, entwine, intertwine, intertwist, twist, ravel, knot, enmesh, coil, mat, jumble, muddle (2) come into conflict, become involved, have a dispute, dispute, argue, quarrel, fight, row, wrangle, squabble, contend, cross swords, lock horns. bophanisa / xabanisa / xovanisa / xubanisa / findekisa (isenzo / verb) cause to tangle, entangle, get snarled, get entwined, make intertwined, cause to intertwist, twist, ravel, knot, enmesh, coil, mat, jumble, muddle (2) come into conflict, become involved, have a dispute, dispute, argue, quarrel, fight, row, wrangle, squabble, contend, cross swords, lock horns. bopheka (isenzo / verb) feel tightened, feel constricted, feel constrained (2) bopheka / thensa have tension bophela (isenzo / verb) tie on, (2) arrest for, (3) stop to (4) bophela / songela / enza uzungu plot against e.g. bophela amanqina enyathi = plot against a person. literal translation = ‘tie the heels of a buffalo for someone.’ bophelela / phoqelela / qiniseka (isenzo / verb) commit, pledge, devote, apply, give, dedicate, bind, obligate, ensure bophelisisa / qinisisa / bophisisa (isenzo / verb) make very tight (2) close all loop holes in the contract bophene / xovene / xovana (isiphawulo / adjective) entangled, intertwined, twisted (2) in conflict bophisa (isenzo / verb) snitch, cause one to be arrested, spy on someone &
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report him for arrest, collect intelligence information on someone. bophisana / gaxekisana / bheca (isenzo / verb) incriminate, implicate, involve; blame, accuse, denounce, inform against, blacken the name of, entrap, cause to be arrested bophisisa / qinisisa (isenzo / verb) make extremely tight bophiswa / dalelwa-icala (isenzo / verb) be misled, be made to commit crime boqoka/ boqoza / foqoza / fohloza (isenzo / verb) crush, squash, squeeze, press, compress; pulp, mash, macerate, mangle; flatten, trample on, tread on; Imoto kamalume iboqoke yaphela engozini./ My uncle’s car was crushed beyond recognition in an accident. (2) lose too much weight to a point where one is skinny. E.g. Ingculazi iyaboqozana. / Aids can leave you skeletal. boshelwa / valelelwa / khulekelwa (isenzo / verb) be arrested for, be imprisoned for, be locked up for (2) be tied up against, be chained against boshwa / valelwa / khulekwa (isenzo / verb) be arrested, be imprisoned, be sent to jail, be chained boshelwa / khulekelwa be tightened, be fastened, be retrained boza / shaya-udaka / hluleka / enza-kabi (isenzo / verb) do badly, fail, blunder, display incompetence, do dismally, perform badly, be inept, be incompetent, be unskilled, be inexpert, be amateurish, be crude, be rough; be clumsy, be awkward, be maladroit, unhandy, heavy-handed, bungling, be unproductive, be unsuccessful, be ineffectual, be inadequate, be substandard, be found wanting, be lacking, be not up to scratch = Sesiphelelwe uthando lwebhola ngenxa yokuboza kweBafanaBafana./ We have lost the love of soccer because of BafanaBafana incompetence or poor performance or showing. (ii) Sesiphelelwe
uthando lwebhola ngenxa yokuboza kweBafanaBafana./ We have lost the love of soccer because of BafanaBafana incompetence or poor performance or showing.
bothoka / guga / ntshwamuka (isenzo / verb) age prematurely, be emaciated, look frail and aged bozela / hlulekisa (isenzo / verb) fail for, be dismal for (2) bozela / dakela / hlanyela / bhedela talk rubbish to, speak nonsense to, be mad bozisa / hlulekisa / shayisa-udaka (isenzo / verb) cause to fail, cause to perform badly, be the cause of one’s incompetence bozisisa / hluleka-kakhulu (isenzo / verb) be extremely incompetent, perform so badly, fail dismally abu… abu… (UZL NC 8.2 negation = a + bu) e.g. abukho / it is not there. Ubusika abubandi kulona unyaka. / The winter is not cold this year.; Abushile utshani. / The grass is not burnt. when using words starting with abu… are abukho (UZL NC 8.2 negation = a+ bu…) It is not there e.g. Ubusika abukho. / The winter is not there. (b) Utshani abusekho. / The grass is no longer there. abunalutho (UZL NC 8.2 negation = a+ bu…) It has nothing. E.g. Ubuso bakho abunalutho. / Your face has nothing.; Your face is spotless. ebu… ebu… = e+ adjective with sound-unit bu… (UZL NC 6 & 10) = relative adjective) e.g. (a) ebubende the maroon one e.g. inkomo ebubende / a maroon cow, (b) ebuhlungu (UZL NC 6 or 10) the painful one, the hurting one, the sad one e.g. inkaba ebuhlungu / a painful belly-button. (c) ebukekayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the appealing one, the beautiful one
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ebubini (undaweni / locative) in bad times, in bad places, bad place, evil place ebufazini / ebukhosikazini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to womanhood ebuhleni (undaweni / locative) in good times, in good moments, during good times, during good moments, in good place, in a beautiful place, good place, blessed place, wonderful place ebuhlungu (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the painful one , the agonizing one ebuhlungwini (undaweni / locative) in / during painful moments, in / during sad times ebumanzini (undaweni / locative) in wetness, in moisture, in humidity (a) grieving period ebumunandini (undaweni / locative) in / during joy, in / during happy moments, (2) in entertainment place, in a relaxing place, entertainment place, disco, gambling place ebunene on the side of grace ebuncaneni (undaweni / locative) during childhood, during inmaturity, in childhood, in inmaturing ebunzimeni (undaweni / locative) in difficult times, in trying times, during trying times ebukela (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) watching… ebukelayo (isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
the one that is displaying, exhibiting, showing … (2) the one that is making fun of … ebusayo (isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord )
iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
the governing one, the one on the throne e.g. inkosi ebusayo / the chief that is on the throne ebusika (undaweni / locative) in/ at / from / in / during winter e.g. (a) Azikho izimvula ebusika. / There are no rains in winter. (b) UThembi uyagula njalo ebusika. / Thembi is always sick during winter. ebusisiwe (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the blessed one NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord )
ebusuku (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to / during night. E.g. Ngizobuya ebusuku. / I’ll be back at night. ebusweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / on / to face ebuya (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) coming back ebuyayo (isiqalo unkamisa ‘e’ + isenzo + isijobelelo iqanamusindo ‘…yo’ / prefix vowel ‘e’ + verb + suffix ‘…yo’ = UZL
the one coming back ebuzwa (UZL NC 6 or 10) being asked ibu… ibu…(UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 = ‘I’ + verb or adjective with prefix ‘bu…’) It is …, They are … e.g. (a) ibubende (UZL NC 6 or 10) It is / they are maroon, It is / They are almost blood of an animal (b) ibumbene (UZL NC 6 or 10) It is united, They are united = imiphakathi are united (c)ibungiwe (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It has been showered with gifts ibubulo (UZL NC 2)/ isiqubulo / isigi (UZL NC 5) humming, buzz, vibration ibuka (UZL NC 2)/ impethu (UZL NC 6)/ isikelemu (UZL NC 5) maggot, worm, tapeworm ibukezi (UZL NC 2)/ isidudla / isibefu (UZL NC 5) very fat person, obese person ibulawo (UZL NC 2)/ isichitho / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) bad omen, witchcraft generate menace, witchcraft generated sickness and bad luck ibululu (UZL NC 2) puff-adder (snake) ibunzi (UZL NC 2)/ isiphongo (UZL NC 5) forehead ibutho (UZL NC 2)/ impi (UZL NC 6) armed force, fighting force, defense force, military force, the military, land force, soldiery, infantry, militia, horde; troops, soldiers, land forces; informal, dated thin red line; archaic host (2) crowd, swarm, multitude, horde, host, mob, gang, throng, stream, mass, body, band, troop, legion, flock, herd, pack, drove, sea, array; literary myriad. NC 6 and UZL NC 10, adjective concord )
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ibuthwa / inyuduluka (UZL NC 2) someone given spiritual task to correct something with a nation e.g Bhekezakhe Machi a man who believed that he was sent on this earth to assist black Africans to reclaim their civilization path ibuzi/ igundane elikhulu (UZL NC 2)/ ivondwe (UZL NC 2) a rat, rondent, large rat obu… obu… (prefix ‘obu’ + adjective = UZL NC 8.2) e.g. (a) obubanzi the wide one, the broad one, the extensive one in width such as ubuso obubanzi / broad face (b) obuhle beautiful UZL 8.2 as in ubuhlalu obuhle (beautiful beads) obukhulu the big one (ubuso obukhulu/ big face) (c) obungcono the better one e.g. ubusika obungcono / the better winter, utshani obuhle / beautiful grass (d) obumusulwa the innocent one e.g. ubuso obumusulwa / innocent looking fac ubu… ubu… (isiqalo /prefix, UZL NC 8.2) N.B. All nouns with prefix sound unit ‘ubu…’ are mass nouns. Therefore they cannot be pluralized. Most noun words in this section are abstract nouns and concepts.
ububaba/ ubudoda/ubunhloko / ubuholi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuba yinhloko (UZL NC 4) fatherliness, being the head of the family, being the leader of paternal affairs, paternity, in patriarchal societies to be a father means to be the head of household = enforce discipline; be the overall authority of the family or household; to dominate women in the house; to be the ultimate authority of household or family affairs. In liberal societies to be a father means assumption of the role as a protective, supportive, encouraging, vigilant, kindly, kind, warm,
affectionate, tender, caring, compassionate, benevolent, sympathetic, understanding, indulgent, assume all responsibilities associated with being a father in collaboration and meaningful participation of the wife. ububele / ubunene (UZL NC 8.2)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukulunga / ukwethaba (UZL NC 4)/ ubuntu / ubukholwa (UZL NC 8.2)/ umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2) kindness, kindliness, kindheartedness, warm-heartedness, tender-heartedness, courteousness, public-spiritedness, altruism, generosity, goodwill, affectionateness, affection, gentleness, tenderness, warmth, consideration, considerateness, helpfulness, thoughtfulness, unselfishness, selflessness, compassion, sympathy, understanding, benevolence, benignity, friendliness, hospitality, amiability, magnanimity, indulgence ububi / ubundlaviya / ubudlova (UZL NC 8.2)/ unya (UZL NC 3)/ ubulwane (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungcola / ukucindezela / ukuxhaphaza (UZL NC 4)/ ubuhedeni (UZL NC 8.2)/ umoyomubi (UZL NC 1.2) ugliness, evil, wickedness, badness, wrong, immorality, unethical behaviour, sinful behaviour, ungodly practices, unholy, oppression, exploitation, foul, vile, diabolical, base, ignoble, dishonourable, corrupt, iniquitous, depraved, degenerate, villainous, nefarious, sinister, vicious, malicious, malevolent, demonic, devilish, fiendish, monstrous, shocking, despicable, atrocious, heinous, odious, contemptible, horrible, execrable ububohlololo (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphantsha (UZL NC 4) subsidence, deflation
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ububomvana / ububomvu (UZL NC 8.2) reddish colour , red-like blood, ububomvu / ububomvu-klebhu (UZL NC 8.2) redness, deep red, red colour, as red as blood itself ububomvu-tshebhu / ububomvusagazi (UZL NC 8.2) blood-redness ububu (UZL NC 8.2)/ uzungu (UZL NC 3)/ umbimbi (UZL NC 3) conspiracy, plot, scheme, collusion, intrigue, connivance, machination, collaboration, treason ububha (UZL NC 8.2)/ inhlupheko (UZL NC 6)/ ubuphofu/ ubunkedama / ubuhlwempu (UZL NC 8.2) hunger, extreme poverty, abject poverty, draught, lack of food, need for food, hungriness, ravenousness, emptiness; starvation, famine, malnutrition, malnourishment, undernourishment ububhanxa/ubuphukuphuku / ubulima (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukubhayiza (UZL NC 4) taken from a Xhosa word meaning stupidity, foolishness, lack of intelligence, unintelligence, foolishness, denseness, brainlessness, ignorance, mindlessness, dullness, slowwittedness, doltishness, slowness, vacancy; gullibility, naivety ububhabhabha (UZL NC 8.2)/ukuhlomeka / ukuthithiza / ukushaya-uzamuthilili (UZL NC 4) directionless, purposeless, unclear, confused, muddled, unintelligible, incomprehensible, hard to follow, discursive, disorganized, uncoordinated, illogical, inarticulate, mumbled (2) delirious, raving, babbling, hysterical, irrational. ububhimbi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukubheda / ukunhlanhlatha (UZL NC 4) discordance, inharmonious, unharmonious, unmelodic, unmusical, tuneless, singing out of tune, speaking out of context, misrepresentation of facts, distortion of facts
ububhinca / ubuqaba / ubuqhaza (UZL NC 8.2) uncivilized behavior, traditional behavior, backward behavior ububhubhubhu / ububhububhubu / ubuwelewele / ubusantusantu / ububhuqubhuqu / ubumayemaye (UZL NC 8.2) outbreak, epidemic, plague, scourge, infestation, widespread, plague (2) hysteria, panic, frenzy, wildness, feverishness, irrationality, hysterics, loss of control; panic, panic attack, alarm, neurosis, delirium, derangement, mania, distress, mental distress. ubucebi / ubugwili / ubuqumama / ubunkinsela / ubumpunyela (UZL NC 8.2) luxuriousness, opulence, wealth, sumptuousness, lavishness, richness, lushness, luxury, luxuriance, splendour, magnificence, grandeur, splendidness, grandiosity, costliness, fanciness, prosperousness, prosperity, being a multi-millionaire, billionaire; having lots of fortune ubucicici (UZL NC 8.2) (Check ubucikiciki below) ubucikiciki / ubucici / ubuncikinciki (UZL NC 8.2) feebleness, weakness, weakliness, the state of being weakened, puny, wasted, frail, infirm, delicate, sickly, ailing, unwell, poorly, failing, helpless, powerless, impotent, enfeebled, enervated, debilitated, incapacitated, effete; decrepit, doddering, doddery, tottering, tottery, shaky ubuciko / ubugagu / ubusoka (UZL NC 8.2) eloquence, articulacy, articulateness, oratory, rhetoric, grandiloquence, magniloquence; expressiveness, fluency, facility, persuasiveness; diction, enunciation, locution, command of language, power of speech (2) ability, expertise, capacity, power, faculty; strength, strong point, forte, genius,
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brilliance; dexterity, adroitness, skill, cleverness, virtuosity, artistry ubucubu (UZL NC 8.2) chick, fowl (2) immaturity ubucucucu (UZL NC 8.2) / ukucothoza (UZL NC 4) / ubuvila (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukunwabuluka / ukucotha / ukukhathala (UZL NC 4) slowness, sluggishness, lethargy, inertia, listlessness, lack of energy, lifelessness, inactivity, inaction, languor, languidness, torpor, dullness, heaviness, apathy, passivity, weariness, tiredness, lassitude, fatigue, sleepiness, drowsiness, enervation, somnolence, laziness, idleness, indolence, sloth, slothfulness; phlegm ubucukuthwane / ubukhulu (UZL NC 8.2)/ impakamo (UZL NC 6)/ ubuphezulu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzithwala / ukuziqhayisa / ukuzizwa / ukuzitshela / ukuzibonaubalulekile (UZL NC 4) elitism, superior attitude, supremacy, advantage, dominance, primacy, ascendancy, leadership, precedence, excellence, eminence, distinction, greatness, prestige, importance ubuchachacha / ubumpunzi-idlaemini / ubumazenzele (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzenzela (UZL NC 4)/ umaziphathe (UZL NC 1.1) disorderliness, anarchy, lawlessness, disorder, chaos, unruliness, lack of control, lack of restraint, wildness, riot, criminality, crime, rebellion, revolution, mutiny, insurgency, insurrection, misrule. ubuchaka / ubuphofu / ubunhlwempu / ubunkedama (UZL NC 8.2)/ inhlupheko (UZL NC 6)/ ukweswela / ukungabinabani / ukudla-imbuya ngothi (UZL NC 4) poverty, destitution, penury, indigence, pennilessness, privation, deprivation, impoverishment, neediness, need, want, hardship, impecuniousness, impecuniosity,
hand-to-mouth existence, beggary, pauperism, straitened circumstances, bankruptcy, insolvency ubuchichichi (UZL NC 8.2) overflow, over-spillage ubuchifichifi / ubuchithichithi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukumosha (UZL NC 4)/ umoshomali (UZL NC 3) extravagance, profligacy, lack of thrift, improvidence, wastefulness, overspending ubuchopho (UZL NC 8.2)/ ingqondo (UZL NC 6)/ umuqondo (UZL NC 1.2) brain, cerebrum, cerebral matter, encephalon (2) ubuchopho /ubuhlani (UZL NC 8.2)/ uchithekongqondo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuhlakanipha (UZL NC 4)/ inhlakanipho(UZL NC 6) / ikhandaelilula (UZL NC 2)/ ukuba-nomuqondo / ukukhalipha (UZL NC 4)intelligence, intellect, intellectual capacity, mental capacity, brainpower, cleverness, wit, wits, powers of reasoning, reasoning, wisdom, sagacity, acumen, discernment, shrewdness, judgement, understanding, common sense, sense; mind, head ubuchule / ubuciko / ubugagu / ubunyonico / ubumpetha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhuthala (UZL NC 4)/ ubunono / ubugcokama (UZL NC 8.2) meticulous, conscientiousness, assiduousness, assiduity, industriousness, rigour, rigorousness, punctiliousness, meticulousness, carefulness, thoroughness, earnestness, intentness, studiousness; constancy, perseverance, persistence, tenacity, pertinacity, zeal, zealousness, dedication, commitment; tirelessness, indefatigability, doggedness sedulousness, attentiveness, heedfulness ubucwicwi (UZL NC 8.2)/ impakamo (UZL NC 6)/ ubunkinsela / ubusweka / ubungconoqobo (UZL NC 8.2) elitism,
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high society, association with upper class tendencies and mannerisms, opulence, living as following: sumptuous, affluence, expensive, rich, luxurious, costly, deluxe, lush, grand, palatial, splendid, magnificent, lavish, lavishly appointed, well appointed, extravagant, ornate, fancy, stylish, elegant, plush, posh, upmarket, classy, ritzy, swanky, high class ubudala (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhula / ukubona (UZL NC 4) age, generation, number of years, length of time (2) seniority, higher status ranking, primacy, superiority, precedence, priority, longer service, age; greater age, higher rank (3) experience, maturity, sense of responsibility, sense, level-headedness, matureness, wisdom, adultness; shrewdness, talking from real experience, practicality, sagacity, sensibleness, sophistication, experience ubude / ubuqatha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ululekothambo (UZL NC 3) / ukululeka ngethambo (UZL NC 4) length, height, extent, extent lengthwise, distance, distance lengthwise, linear measure, span, reach; area, expanse, stretch, range, scope ubudedengu / ubudlabha / ukunganaki / ubunaphanapha (UZL NC 8.2) carelessness, inattention, inattentiveness, heedlessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, negligence, improvidence, remissness; forgetfulness, absentmindedness; irresponsibility, impetuosity, rashness; laxity, laxness, slackness, clumsiness, ineptitude; oversight, omission, dereliction ubudenga / ubuvila / ubundaxa (UZL NC 8.2) laziness, idleness, indolence, slothfulness, sloth, shiftlessness, inactivity, inertia, sluggishness, lethargy, languor, torpidity,
slowness, heaviness, dullness; remissness, negligence, slackness, laxity ubudididi (UZL NC 8.2)/ inyovanyova (UZL NC 6)/ ubuyaluyalu / ubusantusantu / ubuchachacha (UZL NC 8.2) chaos, disorder, disarray, anarchy, disorganization, confusion, mayhem, bedlam, pandemonium, madness, havoc, turmoil, tumult, commotion, disruption, upheaval, furore , frenzy, uproar, hue and cry, babel, hurly-burly, maelstrom, muddle, mess, shambles, entropy, lawlessness (2) ubudididi / ubuwula / ubulima / ubuphukuphuku (UZL NC 8.2) = stupidity, foolishness, silliness, idiocy, brainlessness, senselessness, irresponsibility, injudiciousness, ineptitude, inanity, irrationality, absurdity, ludicrousness, ridiculousness, fatuousness, fatuity, asininity, pointlessness, meaninglessness, futility, madness, insanity, lunacy, craziness (3) ubudididi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuvaleka (UZL NC4)/ ubuthithithi (UZL NC 8.2)= lacking street intelligence, being a moron (4) ubudididi / ubuphungumumangathi (UZL NC 8.2) = directionless, purposeless, senselessness ubudoda / ubulisa / ububaba (UZL NC 8.2) manhood, masculinity, fatherhood, maturity ubudodana (UZL NC 8.2) sonship ubudodakazi (UZL NC 8.2) daughterhood ubudokotela (UZL NC 8.2) doctorate, Doctor of Philosophy, medical profession, medical career, medical work ubudomu / ubuphukuphuku / ubulima / ubuthumuthumu (UZL NC 8.2) foolishness, stupidity , injudiciousness, imprudence, illogicality, thoughtlessness
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ubudlabha / ubunuku / ubunyantunyantu (UZL NC 8.2) clumsiness, untidiness, disorder, disarray, clutter, mess ubudlagusha (UZL NC 8.2) imperialism ubudlandawonye (UZL NC 8.2)/ umadlandawonye / umalinganamunotho / umalingana (UZL NC 1.2) / ubukhomanisi (UZL NC 8.2) socialism, communalism, economic justice, economic equality, communism, egalitarianism ubudlelwane / ubuhlobo (UZL NC 8.2) / ukuzwana / ukuhambelana / ukusizana / ukuncedana (UZL NC 4)/ ubambiswano / uncediswano / usizwano (UZL NC 3)/ umoya-wesonto (UZL NC 1.2)relationship, friendship, connection, relation, association, link, correlation, correspondence, parallel, tie-in, tie-up, alliance, bond, interrelation, interconnection; interdependence of ubudliwa / ububhimbi (UZL NC 8.2) inarticulacy, jerkiness; inability to express oneself eloquently, lacking persuasive communication skills, (2) poor judgment ; inability to respond to the environment appropriately; lacking foresight ubudlobongela / ubudlova (UZL NC 8.2)/ udlame (UZL NC 3)/ ubulwane (UZL NC 8.2) brutality, brute force, roughness, ferocity, fierceness, savagery, cruelty, sadism, barbarity, barbarousness, brutishness, murderousness, bloodthirstiness, ruthlessness, inhumanity, heartlessness, pitilessness, mercilessness; strongarm tactics ubudlova / ubundlavini / ubulwane / ubundlobongela (UZL NC 8.2) barbarism, savagery, violent tendencies, brutality, ferocity, fierceness, violence, viciousness, ruthlessness, pitilessness, inhumanity, heartlessness cruelty,
sadism, barbarity, barbarousness, murderousness, bloodthirstiness, brutishness, mercilessness ubudlwembe / ubulwane / ubugovu / ubunja (UZL NC 8.2)/ udlame (UZL NC 3)/ ubudlobonyele (UZL NC 8.2) barbarism, cruelty, brutality, savagery, inhumanity, bloodthirstiness, murderousness, viciousness, ferocity, sadism, ruthlessness, mercilessness, pitilessness, harshness, severity, grimness ubufahlafahla / ubufohlofohlo / ubuphihliphihli (UZL NC 8.2) sounds of breaking glass ubufakazi (UZL NC 8.2)/ isiqinisekiso (UZL NC 5) evidence, proof, confirmation, verification, substantiation, corroboration, affirmation, authentication, attestation, documentation, support for, backing for, reinforcement for, grounds for. ubufazi / ubunina / ubumama / ubufazane / ubukhosikazi (UZL NC 8.2) womanhood, femininity, feminism, womanliness, feminineness, being woman-like, behaving like a woman, acting like a woman (2) cowardliness ubufebe / ubundindwa (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukundinda / ukungaziphathi / ukuhambulala (UZL NC 4) prostitution, prostituting, whoring , promiscuity, licentiousness, lack of sexual discrimination, promiscuousness, immorality, wantonness, debauchery, dissoluteness, dissipation, libertinism, profligacy, incontinence ubufishane / ubunqundu / ubuqheshane (UZL NC 8.2) shortness (2) briefness ubufohlofohlo (UZL NC 8.2) See ubufahlafahla above ubufuhlufuhlu / ubuhlaphahlapha / ubuhliphihliphi / ubunuku / ubudlabha (UZL NC 8.2) clutter, muddle,
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jumble, disarray, disorder, untidiness ubugagu / ubuciko / ubusoka / ubungcweti (UZL NC 8.2) eloquence, oratory, articulacy, grandiloquence, magniloquence, fluency, expressiveness, persuasiveness, diction, enunciation, languagecommand, having the power of speech (2) tactfulness, being diplomatic, prudence, judiciousness ubugalakajane / ubumpisi (UZL NC 8.2)/ inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ ubumbumbulu / ubushokobezi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungathembeki (UZL NC 4) falseness, pretence, sanctimoniousness, sanctimony, pietism, hypocrisy, piousness, affected piety, affected superiority, false virtue, speciousness, empty talk; insincerity, deceptiveness, deceit, deceitfulness, deception, dishonesty, dissembling, dissimulation, duplicity, imposture, two-facedness, double-dealing ubugubhugubhu (UZL NC 8.2)/ amahheshe (UZL NC 7)/ ubuhhebhu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphuthuma / ukujaheka (UZL NC 8.2) suddenness, unexpectedness, unpredictability, haphazardness, hasten, rapidity, quickness, promptness ubugugu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ifa (UZL NC 2) preciousness, legacy, bequest, inheritance, heritage ubugqwabagqwaba / ubugqwagqwagqwa (UZL NC 8.2) spasmodic action, sporadic frequency, infrequency (2) perfunctoriness ubugwala / ubuvaka / ubunina (UZL NC 8.2) cowardice, faint-heartedness, spiritlessness, spinelessness, timidity, fearfulness, pusillanimity, weakness, feebleness ubugwegwe (UZL NC 8.2) delinquency, misconduct, transgression, wrongdoing
ubugwili / ubucebi / ubunkinsela / ubumpunyela (UZL NC 8.2) richness, wealth-ness, opulence, plentiful , abundance ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphenduphenduka / ukuzishaya emumva uzishaye phambili (UZL NC 4) sudden change of position, hypocrisy, sanctimoniousness, sanctimony, pietism, piousness, deceptiveness, dishonesty, dissimulation, duplicity, imposture, two-facedness, doubledealing ubuhedeni / ubunqaba (UZL NC 8.2)/ umoya-wezikhova (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukona/ ukungabinoNkulunkulu (UZL NC 4) atheism, heathenism, nonbeliever, (2) sinfulness, evil belief system ubuhuzu / ubugalakajane / ubumbulu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhohlisa (UZL NC 4)/ ubugebengu / ubugulukudu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhohlakala (UZL NC 4) deceitfulness, criminality, being cunning, guile, craftiness, wiliness, artfulness, dexterity, deviousness, slyness, trickery, trickiness, duplicity, shrewdness, astuteness, cleverness, canniness, sharpness, ingenuity, resourcefulness, inventiveness, imagination, deftness, adroitness, dexterousness; wiles, ploys, schemes, stratagems, tactics, manoeuvres, subterfuges, tricks, ruses ubuhhanguhhangu (UZL NC 8.2) / isikhashana / isikhashakhana (UZL NC 4) short-lived thing, a flame of papers, brief, short, momentary, temporary, impermanent, shortterm, cursory, fleeting, passing, fugitive, flying, lightning, transitory, transient, ephemeral, evanescent, fading, quick, meteoric (2) ubuhhanguhhangu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuhhanguka (UZL NC 4)to be burnt
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partially, to be injured on the surface, to be not so hurt ubuhhayihhayi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphikisa-ngo-elethu (UZL NC 4) unanimous rejection, chorus refusal, disapproval (2) ubuhhayihhayi (UZL NC 8.2)/ isililo (UZL NC 5)/ ukulila / ukuhhayiza / ukukhala (UZL NC 4) weeping, crying out loud, lamentation, hysteria, frenzy ubuhlakani / ubuchopho / ubungcwapheshe / ubunjulabuchopho / ubunyonico / ubuchwepheshe (UZL NC 8.2) intelligence, genius, brilliance, aptitude, cleverness, wisdom, superior intellect, independentthinking, philosophical outlook, systematic view point, factual and evidence based approach ubuhlalu (UZL NC 8.2)/ izinhlamvu (UZL NC 9)/ uhlwayi (UZL NC 3) beads, pellets, pills, pearls, globules, spheroids, spherules, spheres ubuhlaphahlapha / ubunuku / ubuhliphihliphi / ubufuhlufuhlu untidiness, disorder, disarray, chaos, clutter ubuhlathi / ubuxhwanguxhwangu / ubushomeshome / ubulwane (UZL NC 8.2) barbarism, savagery, ferociousness, viciousness ubuhlaza / ubudlwembe / ubudlova / ubuluhlaza (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuchwensa / ukudelela (UZL NC 4)/ indelelo (UZL NC 6) crudeness, unrefined, unpurified, unprocessed, untreated, raw, natural, plain (2) vulgar, rudeness, indecency, bawdy, obscene, profane, foul, foul-mouthed, blasphemous, abusive, scurrilous ubuhle / ubuncwaba (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhazimula / ukuncwazimula (UZL NC 4) beauty, attractiveness, prettiness, heavenliness, voluptuousness, pleasingness, comeliness, allurement, loveliness, charm, appeal, winsomeness,
elegance, exquisiteness, splendour, magnificence, grandeur, impressiveness, glamour, irresistibility ubuhlengikazi / ubunesi (UZL NC 8.2) nursing studies, primary health care training, nursing profession ubuhlephu (UZL NC 8.2)/ukubothoka (UZL NC 4) premature aging ubuhliphihliphi (UZL NC 8.2) chaos, disorderliness ubuhlobo / ubungani / ubuqabane / ubukhelwane (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuvuleka (UZL NC 4)/ ububele (UZL NC 8.2)/ umusa / umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2) friendliness, relationship, affability, amiability, geniality, congeniality, cordiality, good nature, good humour, warmth, affection, affectionateness, demonstrativeness, conviviality, joviality, companionability, companionableness, sociability, gregariousness, comradeship, neighbourliness, hospitableness, approachability, accessibility, easygoing manner, communicativeness, openness, ubuhlobo / ubuzala (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzalana / ukuhlangana-ngegazi (UZL NC 4)/ ubundeni (UZL NC 8.2) family ties, family connections, blood relationship, blood ties, kinship, affinity, consanguinity, common ancestry, lineage (2) ubuhlobo (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukujolana / ukuthandana / ukuqomana / ukuganana (UZL NC 4) romance, love affair, affair, affair of the heart, love, amorous entanglement, flirtation, liaison, amour ubuhlongandlebe / ubundlavini (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungezwa / ukungalaleli / ukuziphatha / ukuzitshela / ukuzishayisifuba (UZL NC 4) disobedience, insubordination, unruliness, waywardness, indiscipline, bad behaviour,
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misconduct, delinquency, disruptiveness, troublemaking, rebellion, defiance, mutiny, revolt, recalcitrance, lack of cooperation, non-compliance, intractability, awkwardness, perversity, perverseness, contrariness; naughtiness, mischievousness, mischief, roguery, impishness ubuhlungu / ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2)/ ijoka (UZL NC 2) pain, hardship, suffering, distress, tribulation, adversity, disaster, ruin, ruination, calamity, tribulations, dire straits, difficulty ubuhlwempu / ubunkedama (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukusokola / ukweswela (UZL NC 4)/ inhlupheko (UZL NC 6) destitution, abject poverty, impoverishment, deprivation, insolvency, penury, pennilessness, impecuniousness, privation, indigence, ruin, ruination, pauperdom , hardship, neediness, disadvantage, beggary, mendicancy, vagrancy ubukoti / ubulokazana / ukukotiza (UZL NC 4)/ ubumama (UZL NC 8.2) studies or lessons on the behaviour of married women; moral standards for married women, ethics of married women, wife socialization process ubukhali (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukusika (UZL NC 4) sharpness, precision; perceptiveness, cleverness, ferocity ubukhanyikhanyi / ubuphayiphayi (UZL NC 8.2) shine, gleam, glimmer, glint, catch the light, glitter, shimmer, glow, sparkle, twinkle, flicker, blink, wink, glisten, flash, flare, beam, fluoresce ubukhaya / ubufama / ubuphandle (UZL NC 8.2) ruralism ubukhazikhazi / ubucwebecwebe / ubulivilivi (UZL NC 8.2) luxuriousness, sumptuousness, frills, lavishness, richness, ritziness, lushness, luxury, luxuriance, splendour, magnificence,
grandeur, splendidness, grandiosity, extravagance, costliness, fanciness, plushness, plushiness, swankiness, poshness, classiness (2) blink, flashy, glitter ubukhephukhephu / ubugwiqiqi (UZL NC 8.2) tossing about, tossing and turning, restlessness, jerking, jolting, throwing, casting, flinging, hurling, heaving, lobbing. ubukheshekheshe (UZL NC 8.2) rattling of dry something (2) ubukheshekheshe / ubuxoki / ubuphixiphixi (UZL NC 8.2) = badmouthing, besmirching behind one’s back, stigmatise, denigrade ubukhithikhithi / ubuqithiqithi (UZL NC 8.2) falling or dropping down of many things in succession e.g. hail, soldiers during a shoot-out, leaves when it is windy or people, leaves, things during an earthquake (2) ubukhithikhithi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhithiza / ukutitiliza (UZL NC 4) shopping spree, spree, unrestrained bout, orgy, splurge ubukholoniyali (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukudlamuhlabamandla (UZL NC 4)/ igwinyombuso (UZL NC 2) colonialism, colonialist order, colonial system ubukholwa / ubuKrestu (UZL NC 8.2)/ inkolo (UZL NC 6)/ ukukholelwa (UZL NC 4) belief, faith, Christianity, faithfulness; divinity, belief system; theology, deity ubukhoma (UZL NC 8.2)/ obala (UZL NC 4) plain sight, open, graphic, uncensored, unrestrained, unreserved, unrestricted, uninhibited, candid, frank, forthright, direct, point-blank, ubukhomanisi / ubumandlabulingana (UZL NC 8.2)/ intandobasebenzi / intandoquqaba / intandosizwe / intandomugwenya (UZL NC 6)/ ujamavijijini (UZL NC 1.1) communism, Marxism, Stalinism, Leninism, Maoism, Nyereresm , a theory or
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system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs, cooperative economics ubukhona (UZL NC 8.2)/ukuzwakala / ukuba (UZL NC 4)/ ubutho (UZL NC 8.2)presence, existence, being ubukhosi / umubuso royal, kingship, regal, sovereign, monarchical ubukhoshosho (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhwabanisa (UZL NC 4)/ inkohlakalo (UZL NC 6)/ ugwaziso / uhwiphilizo (UZL NC 3) / ukugwazisa (UZL NC 4) corruption, fraud, bribery, unscrupulousness, deception, duplicity, double-dealing, extortion , fraudulence, misconduct, lawbreaking, graft, subornation, venality, (2) unrighteousness, profanity, wickedness; impiety, impurity, immorality, vice, iniquity, depravity, vice, turpitude, degeneracy, perversion, debauchery, dissolution, vileness, dissoluteness, decadence, ubukhosazane / ubumafungwase (UZL NC 8.2) status and responsibilities of being the eldest daughter in the family, the princess status ubukhosi (UZL NC 8.2) royalty, aristocracy, mornachy, nobility ubukhosikazi / ubufazi (UZL NC 8.2) the status and responsibilities of being a wife, wife status, married woman status, respecteable status, womanhood ubukhotheni / ubudlwembe / ubulwane (UZL NC 8.2) being thuggish, barbarism, animalism, inhuman, brutish ubukhulu / ukuhlonishwa (UZL NC 4)/ ubuphakanyiswa (UZL NC 8.2) greatness, eminence, distinction, illustriousness, lustre, status, reputation, high standing,
importance, significance, value, merit, noteworthiness, fame, prominence, renown ubukhulu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukukhuluphala / ukududula / ukunona / ukuceba (UZL NC 4) fatness, plumpness, stoutness, heaviness, chubbiness, tubbiness, portliness, rotundity, podginess, flabbiness, bulk, excessive weight, obesity, corpulence, grossness; paunch, pot belly, beer belly, beer gut (2) ubukhulu / ububanzi weight, mass, width, size ubukhubele / ubunkubela / ubungako (UZL NC 8.2) state of being wounded, state of being crippled ubukhumukane / ubunkumukane / ubunkinsela (UZL NC 8.2) wealth, riches (2) saintship, sainthood ubukhwahlakhwahla (UZL NC 8.2) rustling, crackling, flapping of coins ubukhwebezane(UZL NC 8.2) lantana salvifolia, species of shrub bearing edible fruit or berries. ubukhwendemana (UZL NC 8.2)/ inhloni (UZL NC 6)/ amahloni (UZL NC 7) reticence, unsociable disposition, introversion ubukhwenyana / ubuyeni / ubudoda (UZL NC 8.2) study or lessons on the behaviour of a married man, standards and values of married men, husbandhood ubukhwishikhwishi (UZL NC 8.2)/ inkuthalo (UZL NC 6)/ ukukhuthala / ukuzikhandla / ukuzinikela/ ukushibasheka / ukusebenzanzima (UZL NC 4) tirelessness, being driven, industriousness, hardworking, diligence, rigorousness, zeal, effort, tenacity, punctiliousness, meticulousness, pertinacity, sedulousness, attentiveness, heedfulness, earnestness, intentness, dedication, commitment, ubulalazwe (UZL NC 8.2) that which destroys a nation
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ubulili (UZL NC 8.2)/ isinene (UZL NC 5) gender, sex, sexual orientation ubulisa / ubudoda masculinity, virility, manliness, manhood, boyhood ubulivilivi (UZL NC 8.2) frilly things, frilliness, too-busy look and feel ubulongwe (UZL NC 8.2)/ amalongwe (UZL NC 7) cow dung ubulungiswa (UZL NC 8.2) justice, fairness; judicial proceeding; administration of justice; rule of law ubulungu (UZL NC 8.2) membership, association, congregation, affiliation (2) whiteness, westernization, assimilation ubulwane / ubundlavini / ubudlwembe (UZL NC 8.2) animalism, anarchy, lawlessness, absence of government, nihilism, mobocracy, revolution, insurrection, riot, rebellion, mutiny, disorder, disorganization, misrule, chaos, tumult, turmoil, mayhem, pandemonium. ubumeli (UZL NC 8.2) legal profession, legal degree, qualification as an attorney or advocate ubumina (UZL NC 8.2) / umina (UZL NC 1.1) individualism, self-centredness, being oneself, independence, selfdirection, self-reliance, free-thinking, free thought, originality; unconventionality, eccentricity; libertarianism ubumama / ubufazi / ubunina / ubukhosikazi / ubunkosikazi (UZL NC 8.2) motherhood, womanhood, sisterhood ubumayemaye (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuhhayiza / ukukhala (UZL NC 4) hysteria, frenzy, wildness, screaming, feverishness, irrationality; hysterics, outburst, neurosis, delirium, derangement, mania, distress, mental distress, ubumeli (UZL NC 8.2) lawyering, barrister-at-law, solicitor,
lawyership, legal profession, legal practice, legal prudence ubuMelikana (UZL NC 8.2) being an American ubumenemene / ubushomeshome (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungaqondakali (UZL NC 4)/ ubumbejembeje (UZL NC 8.2) fickleness , capriciousness, changeability, variability, volatility, vacillation, fitfulness, irregularity, unpredictability, evasiveness ubumeya / ubusodolobha (UZL NC 8.2) mayorship, ubuminyaminya (UZL NC 8.2) stampede, crowding, panic, scattering ubumohlomohlo (UZL NC 8.2)/ isibhaxu (UZL NC 5)/ ukugxekwa (UZL NC 4)/ ukuhlaselwa / ukushaywa (UZL NC 4) bashing, harsh criticism, censure, reproval, condemnation, denunciation, disapproval, disparagement, opprobrium, captiousness, fault-finding, carping, chastisement, castigation, upbraiding, berating, abuse, vituperation ubumuhlophe (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukugqama / ukukhanya (UZL NC 4) whiteness, spotlessness (2) lightness, illumination ubumunandi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukwesasa (UZL NC 4)/ umubhiyozo (UZL NC 1.2)/ injabulo (UZL NC 6) good times, entertainment, play, amusement, pleasure, leisure, relaxation, fun, enjoyment, interest, refreshment, restoration, distraction, diversion, divertissement ubumuncu / ukuklakla acidity, sourness, bitterness (2) acrimony, antagonism, hostility, antipathy, antagonism, enmity, animus, friction, virulence, anger, spitefulness, vindictiveness, viciousness, ferocity, hate, hatred, loathing, detestation, venom, poison, bile, nastiness, malignity, malevolence
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ubumunyama (ubum’nyama) (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukugqungqa / ukusithibala (UZL NC 4) blackness, darkness, night (2) gloom, evil ubumba (UZL NC 8.2) clay, earth, fireclay, adope ubumbano (UZL NC 3)/ inhlanganiso (UZL NC 6)/ ubunye (UZL NC 8.2) unity, union, unification, integration, amalgamation; coalition, federation, confederation ubumbandambanda / ubushomeshome /ubumbangcambangca / ubumbaxambili (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukushona-lena-nalena (UZL NC 4) ambiguity, vagueness, prevarication, equivocation, uncertainty, ambivalence, indecision, beating about the bush, evasion, vacillation, waffle, tergiversation ubumbuka / ubumpimpi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukudayisa / ukuthengisa / ukungethembeki (UZL NC 4) disloyalty, traitorous action, unfaithfulness, infidelity, inconstancy, faithlessness, fickleness, unreliability, untrustworthiness, breach of trust, breach of faith, betrayal, falseness,, duplicity, double-dealing, treachery, perfidy, perfidiousness, treason, subversion, sedition, dissidence ubumbulu / ubuhuzu / ubugalakajane (UZL NC 8.2) deception, deceitfulness, duplicity, doubledealing, fraud, fraudulence, cheating, trickery, duping, hoodwinking, chicanery, underhandedness, deviousness, slyness, cunning, craftiness, artfulness, guile, dissimulation ubumbumbulu / ubungqulathi / ubumbumbayi (UZL NC 8.2) fake, forgery, counterfeit, copy, sham, fraud, hoax, imitation, charlatan , quacking, masquerading , cheating ubumpatha / ubuphukuphuku / ubuthingithingi / ubuthithithi (UZL
gullibility, naivety, stupidity, lack of intelligence, unintelligence, foolishness, denseness, brainlessness, ignorance, mindlessness, dull-wittedness, dullheadedness, dullness, slowwittedness, doltishness, slowness, vacancy ubumpetha / ubungcweti / ubukhono (UZL NC 8.2)/ ikhono (UZL NC 2) expertise, mastery, command, skilfulness, expertness, prowess, proficiency, competence; knowledge, virtuosity; ability, aptitude, knack, capability, talent, gift, deftness, dexterity, adroitness, calibre, professionalism ubumpofu /ubuphofu (UZL NC 8.2)/ukuhlupheka/ ukweswela/ ukuba ngundingasithebeni (UZL NC 4) poverty, penury, destitution, indigence, pennilessness, privation, deprivation, impoverishment, neediness, hardship, impecuniousness, impecuniosity, beggary, pauperism, straitened circumstances, bankruptcy, insolvency (2) scarcity, deficiency, dearth, shortage, paucity, insufficiency, inadequacy, absence, lack, want, deficit, meagreness, limitedness, restrictedness, sparseness, sparsity; rare exiguity ubumpohlo (UZL NC 8.2) bachelorhood ubumpumputhe (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungaboni (UZL NC 4) blindness, (2) mindlessness, thoughtlessness, carelessness ubumpunga / ubungwevu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuguga / ukukhula (UZL NC 4) (aging, elderliness, old age, oldness, seniority, maturity, dotage, senility (2) wisdom; experience; seniority ubumpungushe / ubuqili / ubunhlenhle / ubugebengu / ubugqesta (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukusa / ukuzitshela (UZL NC 4) craftiness, cunning, deviousness, slyness, NC 8.2)
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trickiness; duplicity, dishonesty, cheating, deceitfulness, deception, ubumpunyela / ubugwili / ubucebi (UZL NC 8.2) to be obscenely wealthy, to be wealthy ubumvu / ubungane (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukulungakweqe (UZL NC 4)/ ubumfundamakhwelo (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukwethembakweqe (UZL NC 4)/ ubulima / ubuphukuphuku (UZL NC 8.2) naivety, innocence, lack of sophistication, inexperience, ingenuousness, guilelessness, lack of guile, unworldliness, childlikeness, trustfulness, simplicity, naturalness; gullibility, credulousness, credulity, ubunamunamu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukunyamfuka (UZL NC 4) stickiness, tenacity, single-mindedness, suction sound, smacking of the lips ubunamba / ubunwabu / ubunoko (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukunwabuluka / ukucothoza (UZL NC 4) / ubuvila (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukulala/ ukukhathala / ukuzihudula (UZL NC 4) slowness, sluggishness, lethargy, inertia, listlessness, lack of energy, lifelessness, inactivity, inaction, languor, languidness, torpor, torpidity, dullness, heaviness, apathy, passivity, weariness, tiredness, lassitude, fatigue, sleepiness, drowsiness, enervation, somnolence, laziness, idleness, indolence, sloth, slothfulness ubunambanamba/ ubundloviya/ ubunuku (UZL NC 8.2) recklessness , rash, careless, thoughtless, incautious, heedless, unheeding, inattentive, hasty, overhasty, precipitate, ubunaphanapha / ubuchithichithi / ubusaphasapha (UZL NC 8.2) wastefulness, extravagance, excessiveness, profligacy, thrift, improvidence, wastefulness, waste, overspending, prodigality, squandering, lavishness;
immoderation, excess, recklessness, lack of restraint, irresponsibility ubunaphunaphu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuklebhula / ukusika (UZL NC 4) tearing, mutilation, cutting into pieces, cutting, shredding (2) disorderliness, chaos ubuneke (UZL NC 8.2)/ isineke (UZL NC 5)/ ukubekezela (UZL NC 4) perseverance, patience, persistence, endurance, tenacity, diligence, assiduity, application, staying power, indefatigability, doggedness, determination, resolve, resolution, resoluteness, obstinacy, insistence, singleness of purpose, purposefulness, pertinacity, carefulness ubunene (UZL NC 8.2)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukufudumala (UZL NC 4)/ ubuntu (UZL NC 8.2) compassion, pity, sympathy, feeling, fellow feeling, empathy, understanding, care, concern, solicitude, solicitousness, sensitivity, soft-heartedness, warm-heartedness, warmth, love, brotherly love, tenderness, gentleness, mercy, mercifulness, leniency, lenience, tolerance, consideration, kindness, humanity, humaneness, kindheartedness, charity, benevolence. ubunesi / ubuhlengikazi / ubunompilo (UZL NC 8.2) nursing profession ubunikazi / ubunini / ubunikazimuhlaba / ubuninimuzi (UZL NC 8.2) ownership, possession, holding, freehold, rights, title-deed, proprietorship, proprietary ubunina / ubugwala / ubuvaka (UZL NC 8.2) cowardice, faint-heartedness, spinelessness, timidity, timorousness, fearfulness, pusillanimity, weakness, feebleness, ferminity ubunini / ubunikazi (UZL NC 8.2) possessive; ownership ubunono / ubugcokama / ubungcushe / ubuqhathanzipho /
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ubuncwasimende (UZL NC 8.2) neatness, tidiness, orderliness, trimness, spruceness, immaculateness, unclutteredness (2) smartness, neatness, well thought-through, grooming, fastidiousness, simplicity (3) grace, gracefulness, nimbleness, precision, deftness, dexterity, adroitness, agility, light-footedness, skill, accuracy, stylishness, lightsomeness ubunuku / ubudlabha (UZL NC 8.2) the state of filthiness, filth, recklessness, untidiness, ubunumuzane / ubudoda / ububaba (UZL NC 8.2) virility, manliness, machismo, maleness, masculinity, manfulness ubuncane / ubuncinyane / ubuncinci / ubuncuncu (UZL NC 8.2) juniority, younger, inferiority, subordination (2) less, few, little ubuncelebance (UZL NC 8.2) / ukukhonza / ukukheshezela (UZL NC 4)/ ubunkonkobala (UZL NC 8.2) subordination, subservience, subjection, inferiority, lower rank in the hierarchy of authority ubuncencence / ubukelekeqe (UZL NC 8.2) sound of a bell, rattling noise like that of a bell or similar object ubunci / ubuncinci / ubuncuncuncu / ubuncane (UZL NC 8.2) miniature, very tiny, microscopic ubuncinci (check ubuncane above) ubuncinyane (check ubuncane above) ubuncwaba / ubuhle / ubuqhakambi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuqhakazana (UZL NC 4)/ umuqhakazo (UZL NC 1.2) elegance, stylish, distinction, attractiveness, exquisiteness ubuncwaka (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuthula (UZL NC 4) quietness, stillness, peacefulness, peace, restfulness, calm, calmness, tranquillity , still, serenity, silence, stillness, quietude, hush, noiselessness, soundlessness.
ubuncwasimende / ubusoka / ubugagu (UZL NC 8.2) eloquence, oratory, diction, fluency, articulacy, grandiloquence, locution, command, magniloquence; expressiveness, enunciation, persuasiveness, gentlemanliness ubundeni (UZL NC 8.2)/ uzalo (UZL NC 3) family ties, being a descendant ancestral lineage ubundindindi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukundandazela / ukugqagqazela (UZL NC 4) vibration, trembling, thundering ubundindwa / ubufebe (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphinga (UZL NC 4) promiscuity, licentiousness, immorality, wantonness, debauchery, dissoluteness, dissipation, libertinism, profligacy, incontinence ubundiyandiya (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukudidiza (UZL NC 4) hesitation, reluctance, misgivings, qualms, scruples, reservations, compunction, unwillingness, disinclination, ambivalence, unease, uneasiness, demurral ubundlavini / ubudlwembe / ubulwane / ubuxamu / ubungwenya / ubumpungushe (UZL NC 8.2) savagery, ferocity, brutality, destructiveness ubungako / ubungakanani (UZL NC 8.2)/ isilinganiso / isikali (UZL NC 5) measurement, size, quantification, computation, calculation, mensuration, estimation, extent, volume, weight ubungane / ubuntwana (UZL NC 8.2) being childish (also check ubuntwana below) ubungani / ubuhlobo (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzwana / ukuhambelana (UZL NC 4) friendship, affinity, comradeship, fellowship, rapport, union, peace ubungempela / ubumpela (UZL NC 8.2)/ isiqinisekiso (UZL NC 5)/ igaranti / iwaranti (UZL NC 6) assurance, guarantee, warrant, surety
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ubungoti (check ubuchwepheshe or ubungcweti ) ubungunaphakade (UZL NC 8.2)/ ingunaphakade (UZL NC 2) eternity, forever ubungozi (UZL NC 8.2) risk, peril, hazard, jeopardy, endangerment, imperilment, insecurity; perilousness, riskiness, precariousness, uncertainty, instability ubungcono (UZL NC 8.2)/ impakamo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuzitshela (UZL NC 4) elitism, superiority complex, nobility, aristocracy ubungcwele /ubungcwelengcwele / ubumunene (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuhlanzeka (UZL NC 4) holiness, sanctity, divinity, godliness, saintliness, sacredness, faith, devotion, devoutness, divineness, blessedness, spirituality, religiousness, piety, piousness, righteousness, goodness, perfection, virtue, virtuousness, purity, ubungcweti / ubumpetha / ubungoti / ubuchwepheshe (UZL NC 8.2) expertise, expertness, proficiency, mastery, scientific based, technological based, factual, knowledge-based, empirical, systematic, methodical, accurate, meticulous, mathematical, analytical, rational ubungqongqoshe / ubuminista (UZL NC 8.2) ministerial moral and ethical code, leadership ethical code and standards ubungqongqo (UZL NC 8.2) superiority complex ubungqondongqondo / ubunjulabuchopho / ubuhlakani (UZL NC 8.2) intellectualism, intelligence, mastermind, brilliance, aptitude, ubunjula (UZL NC 8.2)/ injula (UZL NC 6)/ ukushonaphansi (UZL NC 4) depth, deepness, distance downwards, distance inwards, distance from the
outside; drop, vertical drop, vertical extent, profundity ubunkakha / ubumakhonya / ubungoti / ubungcweti (UZL NC 8.2) skilfulness, expertness, prowess, proficiency, competence; knowledge, command, mastery, virtuosity; ability, aptitude, facility, capability, gift; deftness, dexterity, adroitness, calibre, professionalism ubunkani (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungezwa (UZL NC 4)/ ubuzwi-kaliphikiswa (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzitshela / ukungalaleli / ukuphikelela (UZL NC 4)/ ubukhandabuyasha (UZL NC 8.2)stubbornness ubunkankane / ubunkewunkewu (UZL NC 8.2) illogical soundness, irrational, sound like …(bird) ubunkatha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukufakamahhanisi / ukubamba-elentulo (UZL NC 8.2) conservatism, traditionalism, conventionalism, orthodox, oldfashioned-approaches and belief systems ubunkawu / ubumfene (UZL NC 8.2) animal reaction, monkey like reaction ubunkwankwa / ukumbuluza (UZL NC 8.2) murmuring, mumbling, muttering ubunkwenkwe / ubufanyana (UZL NC 8.2) boyishness, adolescence, youthfulness, childlike, teenage, teenagehood, immaturity, juvenility, infantility ubunsizwa (UZL NC 8.2) gentlemenlike / gentlemen like behaviour ubuntombi (UZL NC 8.2) ladylikeness or lady like behaviour ubuntu (UZL NC 8.2)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubunene / ubuntu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukulunga (UZL NC 4) humanity, humankind, humaneness, kindness, kind-heartedness, consideration,benevolence, charity, generosity, magnanimity. ubuntu (UZL NC 8.2) humanness, compassion, interdependence, interconnectedness
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ubuntwana / ubungane / ubusha (UZL NC 8.2) innocence, immaturity , inexperience (2) childhood, adolescence, pubescence, puberty; rare juvenescence, juvenility ubunye (UZL NC 8.2)/ ubumbano (UZL NC 3)/ imbumba / inhlanganyela (UZL NC 6) oneness, unity, unification, wholeness, coherence, cohesion, togetherness, solidarity, coalition. ubuqaba / ububhinca (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukushiywa-izikhathi (UZL NC 4)/ ubuhlathi (UZL NC 8.2) backwardness, traditionalism , primitive, being uncivilised, uncultured, uncultivated, unrefined, unpolished, unsophisticated (2) ubudlova (UZL NC 8.2) = hooliganism, barbarism, savage, churlish, uncivil, rude, impolite, discourteous, disrespectful, unmannerly, bad-mannered, indecorous, ungallant, vulgar, crass, indelicate, offensive ubuqabane (UZL NC 8.2) comradeship, camaraderie, friendship, companionship, fellowship, affinity, togetherness, solidarity, team spirit, organisational companionship, mutual support, team spirit ubuqathaqatha (UZL NC 8.2) falling all over the place ubuqembu / ubuqembuqembu (UZL NC 8.2) factionalism, cabalism, infighting, division, divisiveness, dissension, dissent, dispute, discord, strife, contention, conflict, friction, difference of opinion, disagreement ubuqili / ubugalakajani / ubumpungushe / ubugalakajani / ubuklwada (UZL NC 8.2) wit, shrewdness, astuteness, cleverness, canniness, acuteness, acuity, sharpness, sharpwittedness ubuqola / ubugebengu (UZL NC 8.2) criminality, petty crime ubuqotho (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuthembeka / ukuhlonipha (UZL NC 4)/ isidima / isizotha (UZL NC 5) integrity, honesty,
uprightness, probity, rectitude, honour, honourableness, good character, principle(s), ethics, morals, righteousness, morality, nobility, right-mindedness, virtue, decency, fairness, scrupulousness, sincerity, truthfulness, trustworthiness, soundness, robustness, strength, solidness, toughness(2) soundness, robustness, strength, sturdiness, solidity, solidness, durability, stability, stoutness, toughness. ubuqhalaqhala / ubuqhwaga / ubumina (UZL NC 8.2) / ukuzitshela / ukuziphakamisa / ukuzazisa (UZL NC 4)/ impakamo (UZL NC 6) arrogance, haughtiness, conceit, hubris, selfimportance, egotism, sense of superiority; pomposity, highhandedness, swagger, boasting, bumptiousness, bluster, condescension, disdain, contempt, imperiousness; pride, vanity, immodesty; loftiness, lordliness, snobbishness, snobbery, superciliousness, smugness; pretension, pretentiousness, affectation; scorn, mocking, sneering, scoffing; presumption, insolence ubuqhozasi / ubunqophokisa (UZL NC 8.2) domineering spirit, overassertiveness, self-importance, condescession, superciliousness, ubuqhumuqhumu (UZL NC 8.2) sound of dryness ubuqhuqhuqhu (UZL NC 8.2) sound of gunfire ubupetu gape, split, crack especially of skin ubupetupetu / ubusakasaka / ubuhlakahlaka (UZL NC 8.2) untidiness, mess, disorganisation ubuphukuphuku / ubulima (UZL NC 8.2) stupidity, gullibility, naivety; lack of intelligence, unintelligence, foolishness, denseness, brainlessness, ignorance,
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mindlessness, dull-wittedness, dullheadedness, dullness, doltishness, slowness ubusika (UZL NC 8.2) winter ubuso (UZL NC 8.2) face, (2) frontage (3) isibuko = similarity, resemblance ubusoka / ubuciko / ubugagu (UZL NC 8.2) womanising, (2) eloquence, oratory, rhetoric, grandiloquence, command, magniloquence, expressiveness, articulacy, articulateness, fluency, facility, persuasiveness; diction, enunciation, ubusuku (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuhlwa (UZL NC 4) night, darkness, dark, hours of darkness, night-time, dead of night. ubusha / ubuntombi (female) / ubunsizwa (male) (UZL NC 8.2) youthfulness (2) childhood (3) immaturity (4) gullibility ubutatata (UZL NC 8.2)/ amatata (UZL NC 7) alarm, anxiety, panic nervousness, fear, fright, trepidation, dread, terror, horror, agitation, hysteria, consternation, perturbation, dismay, disquiet, apprehension, apprehensiveness ubutatamiswa / ubuhlonishwa / ubukhulu (UZL NC 8.2) / ukubaluleka / ukutatanyiswa (UZL NC 4) importance / status / eminence ubuthaka / ubuthakathaka / ubuntekenteke (UZL NC 8.2) / uphelelomandla (UZL NC 3) weakness, frailty, feebleness, enfeeblement, puniness, fragility, delicateness, delicacy, weakliness; infirmity, sickness, sickliness, shakiness, debility, incapacity, indisposition, decrepitude, enervation, fatigue, exhaustion, tiredness; ubuthakathi (UZL NC 8.2) ukuhambahamba / ukuloya (UZL NC 4) witchcraft / sorcery / wizardry / bewithchment ubuthanqathanqa / ubugigqigigqi / ukugigqika falling or tumbling in succession
ubuthaphuthaphu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukutapa (UZL NC 4) loot, plundering, ransack (2) continuous succession of action ubuthatha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphapha / ukuqina / ukusa (UZL NC 4) insolence, hyperactivity, impertinence, impudence, cheek, cheekiness, badmanners, abnormally or extremely active = Lena ingane ayiyeke ubuthatha / this child must stop being hyperactive or this child must stop acting abnormally, this child must stop being extremely active) ubuthembu / ubufebe (UZL NC 8.2)/ isithembu (UZL NC 5) polygamy / bigamy / adultery ubuthi (UZL NC 8.2) / ushevu (UZL NC 1.1) poison, malice, maliciousness, ill will, hate, malevolence, malignity, malignancy, balefulness, embitterment, embitteredness, spite, spitefulness, venom, acrimony, acrimoniousness, rancour; bad influence, blight, bane, contagion, cancer, canker, corruption, pollution. ubuthongo (UZL NC 8.2) / ukwezela / ukozela (UZL NC 4) sleepiness, somnolence, tiredness, fatigue, weariness, exhaustion, sluggishness, lethargy, listlessness, drowsiness ubuthutha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukungezwa (UZL NC 4) hearing impairment, ubuVenda (UZL NC 8.2) Venda people way of life, Venda culture ubuvila (UZL NC 8.2) laziness, idleness, indolence, slothfulness, sloth, shiftlessness, inactivity, inertia, sluggishness, lethargy, languor, torpidity, slowness, heaviness, dullness ubuwelewele / ubumayemaye (UZL NC 8.2) pandemonium ubuwula / ubulima / ubuphukuphuku (UZL NC 8.2) stupidity, unintelligence, foolishness, denseness, brainlessness, ignorance, mindlessness, dull-wittedness, dull-
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headedness, dullness, slowwittedness, doltishness, slowness, vacancy; gullibility, naivety, silliness, idiocy, brainlessness, senselessness, irresponsibility, injudiciousness, ineptitude, inanity, irrationality, absurdity, ludicrousness, ridiculousness, fatuousness, fatuity, asininity, pointlessness, meaninglessness, futility, fruitlessness, madness, insanity, lunacy ubuxoki (UZL NC 8.2) bad mouthing, gossiping, tittle-tattle, tattle, rumour, whispers, stories, tales, canards, idle talk, scandal, hearsay, malicious gossip, whispering campaign, smear campaign; ubuxhanti / ubuxhobo (UZL NC 8.2) something that is systematic, something that relates to the other, different omponents put together ubuxhelegu / ubuxebe / ubunuku / ubudlabha / ubufixifixi (UZL NC 8.2) untidiness, griminess, dirtness, sludge ubuXhosa (UZL NC 8.2) isiXhosa culture, isiXhosa language ubuzali / ubumama / ububa (UZL NC 8.2) parenthood, parenting, motherhood, fatherhood; mothering, fathering ubuzalwane / ubukholwa / ubuKrestu (UZL NC 8.2) belief, confidence, conviction, credence, reliance, belief system, Christianity ubuze / ubunqunu (UZL NC 8.2) nakedness, nudity, state of undress, bareness ubuzucuzucu (UZL NC 8.2) sexual intercourse, ubuzukuzuku /ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2) hardship, heavy burden, burdensome, burdensome, heavy, inconvenient, troublesome, awkward, crushing, back-breaking, oppressive; weighty, arduous,
strenuous, uphill, difficult, hard, severe, formidable, laborious ubuZulu (UZL NC 8.2) Zuluness, isiZulu culture ubuzwe (UZL NC 8.2) nationality, ubuzwikaliphikiswa / ubundlovukayiphikiswa / ubungqoshishilizi (UZL NC 8.2) dictatorship, absolutism, totalitarianism bu… bu… = prefix sound-unit ‘bu…= UZL NC 8.2 concord. Therefore bu…+ verb or adjective sound-unit = UZL NC 8.2 e.g. (i) Ubuso bakhe bubanzi / his/her face is wide. (ii) Bona bubanzi. / It is wide. (iii) Ubusika buza nomoya obandayo. / The winter brings cold wind. bubi (isiphawulo / adjective : UZL NC 8.2) ugly, unattractive, unlovely, unprepossessing, grim, unsightly, displeasing, disagreeable, foul, horrible, frightful, awful, ghastly, nasty, vile gruesome, unpleasant, vile, shocking, disgusting, revolting, repellent, repugnant, grotesque, monstrous, reptilian, misshapen, deformed, disfigured bubula/ qubula / gqiha (isenzo / verb) be possessed, groan yearn, long, pine, ache, languish, carry a torch, grieve over, cry, weep, fret about, bemoan, rue, miss, mourn, lament (2) bubula / gqihha / ndindizela hum, purr, whir, throp, sing, vibrate bubulile / qubulile / gqihile / gqihhile (isiphawulo / adjective) groaned, yearned, language, bemoaned, cried, lamented buca / bhuca (isenzo / verb) mash, grind, crush, paste, pound, pulverize, mill, powder, granulate, grate, mince, shred, crumble, pestle, press, fragment, kibble bucela / bhucela (isenzo / verb) mash for, grind for
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bucisa / bhucisa (isenzo / verb) help one to mash, help one to grind bucisisa / bhucisisa (isenzo / verb) mash thoroughly, grind thoroughly, make very fine bucuka / bhucuka / hlubeka (isenzo / verb) be peeled off, be skinned off, be shaved, be stripped bucukile / bhucukile / hlutshiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) peeled off, skinned, stripped, shaved bucukisa / bhucukisa / hlubisa (isenzo / verb) cause to skin, cause to shave bucula /bhucula / hluba (isenzo / verb) peel off skin, peel, pare, skin, take the skin off, rind off, strip, shave, trim, flay, hull, shell, husk, shuck, decorticate, flake, exfoliate, blister (2) bucuka / hlubuka peel off, file, pare, skin, take the skin/rind off, strip, shave, trim, flay; hull, shell, husk, shuck; technical decorticate.(2) trim off, peel off, pare, strip off, shave off, remove, take off, flay, excoriate. (3) flake (off), peel off, come off in layers/strips; blister, exfoliate, desquamate. buculela / hlubela / phucela (isenzo / verb) skin for, peel for, shave for buculwa / hlutshwa / phucwa (isenzo / verb) be skinned, be shaved, be peeled bucwa / bhucwa (isenzo / verb) be mashed, be grinded, budala (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 8.2) off , old, grown, expired Budala. (isiphawulomushogama / adjective sentence word: UZL NC 8.2) It is old., It has expired., It is grown., It is off e.g. It = UZL NC 8.2 nouns such as ubuso / face, utshani / grass, uboya / fur bude (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 8.2) tall, long, towering, gigantic, high buhluka / vuthuluka (isenzo / verb) fall apart, fragment, disintegrate, break up, crumble (2) buhluka / bola / onakala / khunta decompose, decay, rot, putrefy, go bad, go off,
fester, perish, deteriorate; degrade, break down, break up, moulder, shrivel, shrivel up, wither buhlukela / vuthukela (isenzo / verb) fall apart in the …, fragment on the … buhlukile / vuthukile (isiphawulo / adjective) fallen apart, fragmented, disintegrated buhlukisa / vuthukisa (isenzo / verb) cause to break, cause to fall apart, call to disintegrate, cause to fragment buhlukisela / vuthukisela (isenzo / verb) assist someone to fragment, help disintegrate buhlulwa / vuthulwa be disintegrated, be crumbled, be fragmented buka / bona / bheka / jonga (isenzo / verb) look, see, watch, view, check, glance, gaze, stare, gape, peer, focus, peep, peek, take a look, watch, examine, study, inspect, scan, scrutinize, survey, contemplate, consider, observe, bukana / bhekana / jolozelana / gqolozela (isenzo / verb) look at each other, watch another, watch something bukeka / swenka / iba-muhle / thandeka (isenzo / verb) look good, be admirable, be attractive bukela / bhekela (isenzo / verb) look on, watch on, take a look (2)bukela / jama / gqoloza / joloza take no action just watch, stare, gaze, be just gazing (3)bukela / thamela watch, observe, view, look at, eye, gaze at, stare at, gape at, peer at; contemplate, survey, inspect, scrutinize, scan, examine, study, take in, take stock of, glance at; see, notice, spot, glimpse, spy (4)bukela / landelela / lunguza spy on, keep watch on, keep an eye on, keep in sight, keep track of, track, monitor, survey, follow, keep under observation, keep under
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surveillance;(5) bukela / qaphela / gada look after, mind, take care of, care for, supervise, superintend, tend, attend to, minister to, foster, nurse, guard, safeguard, protect (6) bukela / qalaza/ qikelela / bheka lapho uhamba khona = be careful about/of, exercise care/caution/restraint about, be aware of, pay attention to, consider, take into account/consideration, bear in mind, keep in mind; mind, attend to, pay heed to.(7) bukela/gada/qapha = guard, stand guard over, keep guard on, protect, shield, preserve, defend, safeguard, screen, shelter; cover, patrol, police, picket, keep a lookout at. bukeza / lungiselela / cija (isenzo /verb) revise, reconsider, review, reexamine, reassess, re-evaluate, reappraise, rethink, think over, take another look at, take a fresh look at, look at differently, have another think about; change, alter, modify, disconfirm (2) bukeza / guqula / phendula /shintsha = amend, emend, correct, alter, change, adapt, edit, copy-edit, rewrite, redraft, rescript, recast, rephrase, rework, update, revamp (3) bukeza / phinda futhi / zikhumbuze / zijwayeze / prekithiza go over, reread, run through, study, memorise, cram, practise bukisa / tshengisa / hlobisa / khangisa / bhekisa (isenzo / verb) exhibit, display, decorate / cause someone to look / admire, watch, draw attention to (2) bukisa / phatha kabi / bukisa kabi kwabanye abantu show off, parade, strut, swagger, swank, stride, stalk, prance (3) bukisa / tshengisa / bonisa exhibit, show, display (4) bukisa / fundisa / luleka / bonisa advise, counsel, guide, make recommendations, offer suggestions,
offer opinions, give hints, give tips, give pointers, direct, instruct, give instruction, illuminate, educate bukisana / bhekisana (isenzo/verb) cause one another to watch, watch together bukisanani / tshengisanani (isenzo / verb) watch together, share the experience bukiswa / bhekiswa (isenzo / verb) be shown, have something displayed for, be consulted, be made to participate in the exhibition or show bukwa / bhekwa / jolozelwa / gqolozelwa (isenzo / verb) be watched, be gazed at, be looked at, be under spot light bukululu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) of sleeping lazily ; of sleeping carelessly e.g. Ulele bukululu phansi. / He is sleeping carelessly bukhali / sika / zecekile (isiphawulo / adjective) sharp, knife-edged, razorsharp bukhoma / obala / esigcakini / esidlalalaleni (isandiso / adverb) at close quarters, in plain sight, in full view, in front of everyone bulala / bhuqa / sucuza / shabalalisa / khimbila (isenzo / verb) kill, murder, assassinate, eliminate, terminate, dispatch, finish off, put to death, execute, slaughter, butcher, massacre, wipe out, destroy, annihilate, erase, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate, decimate, mow down, shoot down, cut down, (2) bulala / khinyabeza = cripple, destroy, put an end to, bring to an end, be the end of, end, extinguish, dash, quell, quash, ruin, wreck, shatter, smash, crush, scotch, stop, block, frustrate, thwart, put a stop to, prevent, defeat, derail (3) bulala / phihliza / phahlaza(isenzo / verb) break, shutter, smash, fracture (6) bulala ngensini = cause to laugh, overwhelm, take someone's breath
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away, leave speechless, shake, move, stir, stun, amaze, astonish, stagger, dumbfound; informal bowl over, blow away, knock sideways, blow someone's mind, (7) muffle, deaden, stifle, dampen, damp down, smother, reduce, diminish, decrease, suppress, abate, tone down, moderate, silence, mute, still, quieten, soften, quell. (8) bulala / dambisa = alleviate, assuage, soothe, allay, stifle, mitigate, dull, blunt, mask, deaden, suppress, subdue, weaken, abate, quell, get rid of, put an end to. (9) bulala / cisha = delete, wipe out, erase, remove, destroy, rub out, cut out, cut, cancel, get rid of, expunge, obliterate, eliminate (10) bulala umubono / kill an idea = veto, quash, defeat, vote down, rule against, reject, throw out, overrule, stop, block, put a stop to, put an end to, quash, overturn, disallow (11) bulala / cisha = turn off, switch off, stop, stop working, shut off, shut down, cut, cut out, deactivate; put out, turn out, extinguish… (12) bulala umuzi commit acts that are not consistent with building or creating a homely environment, destroy generational legacy (13) bulala imindeni / bulala isithunzi = character assassinate, destroy one’s social standing, destroy families (14) bulala izwe / bulala isizwe / bulala umuphakathi = commit acts that are not consistent with building a prosperous nation, destroy nationhood, be a bad influence to the country, commit immoral and unethical acts, shutter or destroy communities bulalela (isenzo / verb) kill for bulalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to be killed, be part of a murder plot, participate in the conspiracy (2) bulalisa / …nobutha / …nobungozi / …bulala
poisonous, toxic, venomous, deadly, harmful bulaliswa / bhecwa / nukwa / solwa (isenzo / verb) be accussed of a crime you have not committed, be accused, be alleged, be suspected, be a suspect bulawa / khimbilwa / socongwa / ifa / thunywa kwagoqanyawo / siwa kwabakini (isenzo / verb) be killed, get killed, be murdered, be assassinated (2) bulawa / guliswa / ifa izinhlungu/ dubulwa izinhlungu/ dutshulwa izinhlungu/ qunjwa ubuhlungu suffer from something, be sick, be suffering, be made so sick by something (3) bulawa umuzwangedwa/ die from loneliness (not physical death) = be lonely, exhaust, wear out, tire out, overtax, overtire, fatigue, weary, sap, drain, tax, strain, debilitate, enervate, prostrate (4) bulawa izinhlungu / be in pain = hurt, give pain to, cause pain to, cause agony to, pain, torture, torment, cause discomfort to; be agonizing, be excruciating, be painful, be sore, be uncomfortable (5) bulawa isazelo feel guilty, be conscience-stricken, be ashamed, be remorseful, be guilty, feel personally responsible (6) bulawa yinsini = be breathless from laughter bulela / dumisa / bonga (isenzo / verb) give thanks, praise, express gratitude, be gratefulness, show appreciation, give acknowledgement, give recognition, credit bulelisa (isenzo / verb) cause to express gratitude bulelwa / bongwa / thakaselwa / tuswa / dunyiswa / khulekelwa (isenzo / verb) be thanked, be glorified, be praised bulisa / amukela / bingelela (isenzo / verb) welcome, receive, acknowledge, respond to, react to, take; hear, listen (isiphawulo / adjective)
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to (2) bulisa / bingelela / khuleka greet, salute, say hello bulisanani / bingelelani greet one another bulisela / bingelelela (isenzo / verb) greet for bulisisa / bingelelisisa (isenzo / verb) greet emphatically buliswa / bingelelwa (isenzo / verb) be greeted bumba / akha/ khanda (isenzo / verb) create, shape, hatch, innovate, generate, produce, design, make, fabricate, fashion, manufacture, build, construct, erect, do, turn out; bring into being, originate, invent, initiate, engender, devise, frame, develop, form, mould, forge, concoct. (2) bring about, result in, cause, be the cause of, give rise to, lead to, breed, generate, engender, produce, make, make for, prompt, promote, foster, sow the seeds of, contribute to (3) establish, found, institute, constitute, inaugurate, launch, set up, put in place, start, lay the foundations of; form, organize, develop, build up(4) appoint, make, install as, invest; name, nominate, designate.(5) conceive, give birth to, bring into the world, bring into being, bring into existence, give life to, sire, spawn, produce bumbanani / hlanganani (isenzo / verb) unite, come together, join together, join forces, team up, combine, associate, bind together, club together, ally, cooperate, collaborate, work together, act together, pull together, get together …bumbekile / …hlanganile been united, been combined, been combinable bumbene / hlangene (isiphawulo / adjective) united, combined buna / shwabana/ ntwamuka (isenzo / verb) wither, show no sign
of life, shrivel , wilt, droop (2)be unhappy, unpleasant buncane (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 8.2) It is little, It is few, (2) Its tiny, Its small, bunga / phana (isenzo / verb) shower with gifts, give generously and freely, well a new baby with money or gift bungaza / halalisa (isenzo / verb) show affection, exercise fondness, show love, express liking, demonstrate endearment, display feelings of approval, be sentimental, show tenderness, show warmth, be caring bungazela / halalisela / bongela (isenzo / verb) congratulate, commend, applause, share joy, send best wishes for bungazisa / bongisa / halaliselisa (isenzo / verb) help somebody in praising someone, help with congratulation remarks, be part of expressing best wishes bungazwa / bungazelwa / hlalaliselwa / bongelwa (isenzo / verb) be congratulated, be thanked, be praised, be applauded buningi (isiphawulo / adjective :UZL NC 8.2) It is plenty, it is abundant bunga/ phana (isenzo /verb) shower with gifts, give freely, spend, expend, heap, shower, pour, deluge, give generously, give unstintingly, bestow freely busa / phatha / qondisa / nquma / thatha izinqumo (isenzo /verb) govern, rule, preside over, control, have control of, be in control of, lead, be the leader of, dominate, run, head, direct, administer, manage, regulate, be in control, hold sway, be in authority, be in command, be in charge, reign, sit on the throne, be sovereign, decree, order, direct, pronounce, judge, adjudicate, (2) busa / jabula / thokoza / thaba / nama / vuselela / gubha celebrate, enjoy, be happy, party, feast around, enjoy oneself, make
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merry, have fun, have a good, go wild, rave buseka / phatheka / qondiseka (isenzo / verb) be governable, be a good subordinate, be controllable busela (isenzo / verb) govern on behalf of someone buseliwe someone or other’s rejoicing on one’s behalf (2) buseliwe / jabuleliwe been welcomed warmly, been entertained well, been made to feel special buselwa / phathelwe be governed on one’s behalf (2) buselwa / jabulelwa be entertained, be well received buselwe / phathelwe been governed on one’s behalf (2) buselwe / jabulelwe been well received, been entertained busile / phathile have governed (2) busile / jabulile have enjoyed, was happy, busisa / ngcwelisa / dumisa / bongela (isenzo / verb) bless, give grace, give thanks, praise, worship, glorify, honour, exalt, adore, pay tribute to, pay homage to, give thanks to, venerate, reverence, hallow busiseka / busiswa (isenzo /verb) be blessed, be rewarded, be lucky, be fortunate, feel blessed busisela / khulekela / thandazela (isenzo / verb) bless for, pray for busiselwa / khulekelwa / thandazelwa (isenzo / verb) be prayed for, be fasted for busisiwe (isenzo / verb) blessed, holy, sacred, favoured, ordained busiswa (isenzo / verb) be blessed busha (isandiso / adverb) anew, afresh (2) recently, not long ago, a short time ago, busheshelezi / shibilikayo (isiphawulo / adjective) smooth, slippery butha / cosha /caphuna / qoqa (isenzo / verb) pick up, take, save, rescue, clear up, gather, accumulate,
assemble, amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, run up, scrape together, hoard, cumulate, garner, mass buthaka / ngaphilile / gulayo (isiphawulo / adjectivee) sick, sickly, weak, feeble buthakathaka / gula / ifa (isenzo / verb) be sickly, be weak, be frail, be feeble, be puny, be fragile, be delicate buthana / hlangana / bumbana / hlanganyela (isenzo / verb) meet, come together, gather, congregate, integrate, assemble, join together, meet together buthanisa / hlanganisa / bumbanisa / hlanganisa / bhangqa (isenzo / verb) join together, bring together, integrate, unite, group together buthela (isenzo / verb) pick up for buthele picked up buthele / buthelisisa / coshisisa / qoqisisa (isenzo / verb) pick up thoroughly, pick up and leave spotless, tidy up thoroughly, clean thoroughly picked up for buthelile / coshelile / qoqelile (isiphawulo / adjectivee) had picked up for e.g. Ngikubuthelile. / I had picked it up for you butheliwe had been picked up for… e.g. uThandi ubutheliwe udoti wakhe. / Thandi had her rubbish picked up for her buthelwa have something picked up for one buthelwe been picked up for … buthisa (isenzo / verb) help pick up, cause to pick up buthisisa / coshisisa / qoqisisa (isezo / verb) pick up thoroughly, pick up and leave spotless, tidy up thoroughly, clean thoroughly buthwa/ coshwa / caphunwa (isenzo /verb) be saved, be picked up
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buthwe / coshwe / caphunwe saved … buya / fika (isenzo / verb) come back, come, arrive, get back, buyekeza / phinda / phindaphinda (isenzo /verb) repeat, go over again, recite, quote, reproduce; echo, parrot, regurgitate; say again, restate, reiterate, rehearse buyela /hamba / phinde emumva (isenzo / verb) go back, leave, buyisa / letha / zisa (isenzo / verb) bring back, return buyisela / phindisela take back, return back buyiswa / phindiswa emumva be brought back, be taken back buza / phenya / phonsa imibuzo / phanda (isenzo / verb) ask, question, enquire, probe, investigate buzela / phenyela / phonsela imibuzo / phandela (isenzo / verb) ask for, ask on behalf of, investigate for, probe for buzele asked for buzisa (isenzo / verb) help to ask, assist in the enquiry buzisisa (isenzo / verb) probe thoroughly, ask carefully, get details, ask for microscopic details buzwa (isenzo / verb) be asked
…bh… abhakiwe (UZL NC 7) baked e.g. amakhekhe abhakiwe (baked cakes) abhaliwe ( a= UZL NC 7 + verb) the written ones e.g. amabhuku abhaliwe / written books abhalisiwe (UZL NC 7) has been registered
ebha… ebhadini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to bad luck ebhakedeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / from / on / into backet e.g. Inkomishi iwele ebhakedeni / the
cup fell into the bucket. (b) Amasosha enkambini bagezela ebhakedeni. / The soldiers at the camp wash from the bucket. ebha… ebhaleni (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the wheelbarrow (2) at the bar, at the tavern, at the beerhall, in the beer hall. ebhakedeni (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the bucket ebhaliwe (e= UZL NC 6 & 10 + verb) the written one e.g. incwadi ebhaliwe / a written book; imithetho ebhaliwe / the written laws ebhanoyini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the aircraft ebhandeni (undaweni / locative) in fasting e.g Kumele siye ebhandeni) We need to embark on a fasting mission ebhange / ebhenki (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the bank. ebhasini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the bus e.g. Abafundi behlike ebhasini. / The learners got off from the bus. ebhavini / kubhavu (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the bathtub. eBhayibhelini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the Bible ebhayisikilini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the biycle. ibha… ibhadi (UZL NC 2)/ ishwa (UZL NC 2)/ isilingo (UZL NC 5) bad luck, misfortune ibhakede / imbiza (UZL NC 2) bucket ibhala (UZL NC 2) wheelbarrow ibhaleni / ithaveni (UZL NC 2) beer-hall; bar; tavern ibhamuza / ipinayi / iphuphuza (UZL NC 2) a swelling; bump; lump, bulge, inflammation, protuberance; tumour ibhanisi (UZL NC 2) bun ibhanoyi / indiza (UZL NC 2) aeroplane, flight, helicopter,
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ibhande (UZL NC 2) / isifociya (UZL NC 5) belt ibhandishi (UZL NC 2) protective cloth to cover wound or injury; plaster of Paris ibhanke / ibhange / ibhenki (UZL NC 2) bank ibhansela (UZL NC 2) a reward of loyalty e.g. avios, voyager miles ibhantinti (UZL NC 2)/ isiboshwa (UZL NC 5) prisoner, inmate, offender ibhantshi / ibleza (UZL NC 2) blazer, a sports blazer, a coat ibhanyaza / ibhamuzi / iphuphuza (UZL NC 2) swelling, buldge, inflammation, lump ibhasi (UZL NC 2) bus ibhari (UZL NC 2)/ isilima / isiphukuphuphuku (UZL NC 5)/ ubhari / uzamuthilili (UZL NC 1.1)/ impatha (UZL NC 6) / stupid, no so street wise, fool ibhayibheli (UZL NC 2)/ incwadiengcwele (UZL NC 6) bible ibhathini (UZL NC 2)/ inkinobho (UZL NC 6) button ibhayisikili / ishovashova (UZL NC 2) bicycle obha… obhakha / ojasaka (UZL NC 8.1) backpacks obhaliwe (e= UZL NC 1.2 & 1.2+ verb) the written one e.g. umuthi obhaliwe (written medicine) obhanana (UZL NC 8.1) bananas obhasikidi (UZL NC 8.1) baskets obhatata (UZL NC 8.1) sweet-potatos ubha… ubhaqa (UZL NC 3) light, lamp, stalk of timbotie grass ubhakha (UZL NC 1.1) backpack ubhanana (UZL NC 1.1) banana ubhasikidi (UZL NC 1.1) basket ubhatata (UZL NC 1.1) sweet-potato
bha… bhabaza / shaya / qhwaba / fakaimpama (isenzo / verb) slap, clap, hit strike , slap on the face bhabhadisa (isenzo / verb) baptise, christen, induct bhabhadisela (isenzo / verb) baptize for someone bhabhadisiwe (isenzo / verb) been baptized bhabhadiswa (isenzo / verb) be baptized bhabhadiswe (isenzo / verb) baptized bhabhaza / thathaza (isenzo / verb) wave bhabhazela / thathela (isenzo / verb) wave for bhabhazisa / thathazisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to wave for someone bhadama / zumisa / bambaoqotsheni (isenzo / verb) catch off guard, catch in the act bhadeka (isenzo / verb) press down (2) bhaka (isenzo / verb) bake bhakela (isenzo / verb) bake for (2) kick with hind leg or foot bhakisa (isenzo / verb) help one to bake, assist in the baking process bhala / cikica / loba / shicilela (isenzo / verb) write, scribble, inscribe, put down on paper, publish (2) bhala / bhalisa umushado / shada officialise marriage, get married, wed bhaleka (isiphawulo / adjective) writeable bhalele (isenzo / verb) wrote bhalela (isenzo / verb) write for bhalelanani (isenzo / verb) correspond, write to one another bhalelwa (isenzo / verb) be written a letter, be sent correspondence bhalelwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been written to bhalile (isiphawulo / adjective)… had written, have written bhalisa (isenzo / verb) register bhalisile (isiphawulo / adjective) registered bhalisisa (isenzo / verb) write properly, write skillfully, write in bold, write in readable text, write in full
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bhalisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been registered bhalisiswa / bhaliswa ngenkani (isenzo / verb) be forced to register bhaliswa (isenzo / verb) be registered bhampa / gxuma / nyakaza / dansa / gxumagxuma / gxala (isenzo / verb) bounce, jump, hop, prance, bound, dance, leap bhampela (isenzo / verb) bounce for (2) bhampela / delela / chwensela show disregard towards someone, be disrespectful towards someone, be insolent, be impudent, be uncivil bhampisa (isenzo / verb) cause to bounce bhambisisa (isenzo / verb) bounce rigorously, bounce meticulously bhanda / namathisela / hlikihla (isenzo / verb) paste, smother, glue, stick, rub on bhandela (isenzo / verb) paste for, smother for, glue for, stick for, rub on for bhandisha / mboza isilonda (isenzo / verb) cover the wound, protect wound , put protective cloth or plaster on the wound bhandishela (isenzo / verb) cover for, protect wound for bhandisisisa (isenzo / verb) protect the wound carefully, cover the wound appropriately bhandishiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been bandaged, had been covered, have been bandished, have been covered, has been bandished, has been covered bhandishiswa (isenzo / verb) be compelled to bandage one self, someone or something bhandishwa (isenzo / verb) have one’s wound covered, be bandished bhangqa (isenzo / verb) combine, set up, twin, join bhangqile (isiphawulo / adjective) had combined, combined, twinned bhangqisa (isiphawulo / adjective) cause to combine
bhangqwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be combined bhangqwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been combined with…, had been twinned with, has been combined with, been combined with bhansela (isenzo / verb) reward loyalty bhanselwa (isenzo / verb) be rewarded for lyalty bhanyaza / fithiza (isenzo / verb) flicker bhanyeka / neka / chaya (isenzo / verb) expose, reveal, put in full view bhaqa (isenzo / verb) catch unaware, catch off guard bhaqana / bhaqanani (isenzo / verb) catch each other unaware bhaqanisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to be caught bhaqanisela (isenzo / verb) scheme to have one to be caught bhaqanisele (isenzo / verb) schemed to have one to get caught bhaqaniselwa (isenzo / verb) have someone or others to scheme to have you caught in the act bhaqaniselwe (isenzo / verb) had someone or others scheming against you in order to get caught bhaqanisisana (isenzo / verb) act recklessly to have someone caught bhaqanisise (isenzo / verb) cause two or more opposing groups to catch each other unaware or in the act bhaqanisisiwe (isenzo / verb) be caused (as two or more opposing groups) to be caught unaware or in the act bhaqanisiswa (isenzo / verb) be caused by something to be caught unaware or in the act bhaqanisiswe (isenzo / verb) having been caused by something to be caught unaware or in the act bhaqeka (isenzo / verb) be gullible to be caught, (2) have the higher probability of being caught unaware or in the act bhaqeke (isenzo / verb) been gullible to be caught because …
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bhaqekisa (isenzo / verb) do something to get others or someone to be caught in the act or unaware bhaqekise (isenzo / verb) done something to get others or someone to be caught in the act or unaware bhaqekisela (isenzo / verb) do something in order to enable another to catch unaware or in the act bhaqekisele (isenzo / verb) done something in order to enable another to catch unaware or in the act bhaqela (isenzo / verb) catch unaware in order to … bhaqele (isenzo / verb) caught unaware in order to … bhaqelisiwe (isenzo / verb) been caused to catch unaware in order to … bhaqeliwe (isenzo / verb) have had the catching unaware on your behalf bhaqeliswa (isenzo / verb) been made to have caught someone unaware on behalf of someone bhaqeliswe (isenzo / verb) caused to catch unaware bhaqelwa (isenzo / verb) be caught unaware in order to … bhaqelwe (isenzo / verb) having been caught unawre in order to … bhaqile (isiphawulo / adjective) caught unaware bhaqisa (isenzo / verb) cause to be caught (2) be caught unaware like e.g. bhaqisa okwempisi. / Catch unaware like a hyena bhaqise (isenzo / verb) caught unaware like a …. bhaqisela (isenzo / verb) catch unaware on behalf of someone bhaqiselwa (isenzo / verb) be made to catch someone unaware when you as the doer was unaware of the earlier intentions bhaqiselwe having been made to catch someone unawre when you did not know of the ulteriour motives
bhaqiwe (isiphawulo/ adjective) been caught unaware or in the act bhaqwa (isenzo / verb) be caught bhaqwe (isenzo / verb) caught bhava / geza / cola (isenzo / verb) take a bath, wash bhavanani / gezanani / colanani (isenzo / verb) wash each other bhavanisanani / gezanisanani / colanisanani wash each other thoroughly bhaveka be washable bhavwa be caught bhavwe caught bhavumula / gonyuluka (isenzo / verb) air ones view (2) speak-out; bhayiza / hlomeka (isenzo / verb) be thoughtless, lack consideration bhaza / khalisa (isenzo / verb) buzz / ring / tinkle abhe… abhemayo (isiphawulo / adjective) smoking UZL 7as in amadoda abhemayo (smoking men) ebhe… ebhemayo (isiphawulo / adjective) smoking UZL 6 / UZL 10 as in ingane ebhemayo (a smoking child) ebhedayo (isiphawulo / adjective) a UZL 6 that speaks nonsense as in ingane ebhedayo (A child that speaks nonsense) ibhe… ibheka (UZL NC 2) a child who rembles mother’s family ibhece (UZL NC 2) watermelon ibheji badge ibhele (UZL NC 2) bear ibhemakancane (UZL NC 2) light smoker obhe… obhejane (UZL NC 8.1) rhinos obhekeni (UZL NC 8.1) bacons
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ubhe… ubhebhenene (UZL NC 3) a man with bushy beard ubhebhezela (UZL NC 1.1) a person who spread rumours, ubhedu (UZL NC 3)/ troublemaker, instigator umuqhudelwanongqangi (UZL NC 1.2) pricey competition; stiff competition ubhejane (UZL NC 1.1) rhino ubhekanane (UZL NC 2) an ungovernable impulse ubhekeni (UZL NC 1.1) bacon ubhemunda (UZL NC 2) short sleeve pair of pants ubhembedu (UZL NC 2) bimpenetrable object ubheseni (UZL NC 1.1) basic bhe… bhebha / lala / hlaba (isenzo / verb) make love, fuck bhebhana (isenzo / verb) make love, be sexually intimate bhebhetheka / anda (isenzo / verb) spread, proliferate bhebhethekisa / andisa (isenzo / verb) cause to proliferate, cause the spread bhebhethela / vuthela (isenzo / verb) incite, ignite bheda / bhimba / nhlanhlatheka (isenzo / verb) speak nonsense, be inarticulate, speak illogically, speak off the mark bhedela (isenzo / verb) talk nonsense to, direct nonsense to bhedelwa (isenzo / verb) be spoken nonsense to bhedisa / bhimbisa (isenzo / verb) cause to speak nonsense, be the cause of disorder bhedisisa be completely off the mark, be out of order bhediswa / nhlanhlathiswa / khohliswa / dukiswa be caused to speak nonsense, be misled, be deceived, be deluded
bheja (isenzo / verb) bet bheka / buka / bona (isenzo / verb) look, see, watch (2) bheka / funa check, search bhekela / bukela (isenzo / verb) watch, be a spectator (2) look on behalf of bhekisa (isenzo / verb) assist in the search bhekisisa / bukisisa (isenzo / verb) search thoroughly, look carefully bhekwa (isenzo / verb) be watched bhema (isenzo / verb) smoke bhemisa / shiyelana (isenzo / verb) cause to smoke, shake cigarette, share snuff bhenka / khweza / khweza-imali (isenzo / verb) bank bhensa (isenzo / verb) show off abhi… abhidanisiwe (UZL NC 7 ) have been mixed up abhilitile ((isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) are uncontrollable, are persistent (amantombazane: UZL 7 – amantombazane abhilitile = The girls are uncontrollable.) abhilitayo (UZL NC 7 ) the stubborn ones ebhi… ebhikawozi (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from the bakery ebhilidini (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the building ebhishi (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the beach ebhizi ((isiphawulo/ adjective,UZL NC 6 or 10) the busy one (ingane: UZL 6 = ingane ebhizi = a busy child) ebhizinisi (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the business ibhi… ibhikawozi (UZL NC 2) bakery ibhigini (UZL NC 6) G-shring, (2) bikini, swim-suite, swimming constume
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ibhijo (UZL NC 2) / ubhijo (UZL NC 3) / ineklesi (UZL NC 6) necklet, necklace, chain ibhili / i-invoysi / istatimente seakhawunti bill, invoice, statement of account ibhilidi (UZL NC 2) tall building, massive building structure ibhimbi (UZL NC 2) an inarticulate person, a bad communicator ibhilitongi (UZL NC 6)/ umuqwayiba (UZL NC 1.2) biltong ibhisikidi (UZL NC 2) buscuit ibhishi (UZL NC 2) beach ibhizi (UZL NC 2)/ ubutatata (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuxakeka (UZL NC 4)/ uxakeko (UZL NC 3) nervousness, the state of being busy, restlessness, impatience ibhizinisi (UZL NC 2) business obhi… obhiya UZL NC 8..1 ) bottles of beer ubhi… ubhici / ukwekwezimehlweni (UZL NC 3) cataract, eye infection, septicity in the eye ubhidlango (UZL NC 3) / umubhidlano (UZL NC 1.2) outbreak, epidemic, plague ubhizongo (UZL NC 6) / umutshumo (UZL NC 1.2) tall object ubhiya (UZL NC 1.1.) beer bhi… bhibiza / cakaza (isenzo / verb) hit with the back of the hand bhida / xaka / didekisa (isenzo / verb) confuse, belwider, bemuse, mystify (2) bhida / faka ithenda / thenda bid, tender bhidanisa / xabanisa / xova (isenzo / verb) jumble, obfuscate, muddle, complicate bhidela (isenzo / verb) bid for bhidisa (isenzo / verb) conduct a choir, (2) help put together a bid or tender bhidlanga / bhilita (isenzo / verb) be out of control, escalate unabated
bhidlika / dilika (isenzo / verb) fall apart, crumble, tumble down, disintegrate bhidliza / diliza (isenzo / verb) bringdown, put-down, wreck, destroy, destastate bhikisha / lwela ilungelo (isenzo / verb) protest, fight for one’s rights bhikishela (isenzo / verb) protest against bhikishele (isenzo / verb) protested against bhikishelwa (isenzo / verb) have protest directed at you, be protested against, be the target of protestation bhikishelwe Babhikishwelwe ongqongqoshe abakhohlakele. / The corrupt ministers had been protested against. bhikishile Abafundi babhikisele ukwenyuka kwemali yesikole. / The learners protested against the school fees increase. bhikishisa (isenzo / verb) cause to protest, (2) protest like. Isenzo esibi sekhansela sibhikishisa umuphakathi. / The counsellor bad action causes the community to rise up. bhikishiswa (isenzo / verb) be forced to join a protest, be coerced to participate in the protest bhila / invoysa (isenzo / verb) bill, invoice bhilanani (isenzo / verb) invoice each other bhilela (isenzo / verb) bill for, prepare invoice for bhilita / nqaba / ilwa / phikisa (isenzo / verb) revolt, rebel, defy, disobey, be in serious disagreement with bhilitela (isenzo / verb) revolt against, protest against, defy someone bhilitelanani / nqabelanani / phikisanani (isenzo / verb) protest or defy each other, disobey each other bhilitelwa (isenzo / verb) be protested against bhilitile / bhidlangile (isiphawulo / adjective) out of control, surging, escalating unabated
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bhimba / bheda / bhuda / nhlanhlatha (isenzo / verb) be inarticulate, be unintelligible, be incomprehensible, be incoherent, be unclear, be indistinct, be mumbled, be muttered, be muffled …bhizi / …xakekile (isiphawulo / adjective) busy, occupied abho… Abhodlayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) those with deep voices (amadoda abhodlayo = The men with deep voices) ebho… ebhodlayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 6) The one with a deep vvoice (ingane ebhodlayo = A child with a child with a deep voice.) ebhodleleni (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into the bottle ebhodweni (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into the pot ebhokisini (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into the box ebholeni (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into ball e.g. Ngiphuma ebholeni. / I am from watching football. ebhorayo (UZL NC 6 & 10) the boring one ebhoshi / ethoyilethi / endlinencane / endlini-encane (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into the toilet. (a) Uyozisola uwedwa ebhoshi. / You shall feel remorse when you are alone in the toilet. (*** conciensce will surely be with when you are absolutely alone) ibho… ibhodlela (UZL NC 2) bottle ibhodwe (UZL NC 2) pot. (a) ibhodwe laziwa umupheki walo. / The cooker knows best what is in the pot. = The one with intimate details is likely to be the perpetrator.
ibhodwekazi / ugalaza / umuphekamb(UZL NC 1.1)uzi / ibhodwe-lomusebenzi (UZL NC 2) the biggest pot, massive pot, huge pot, the huge three legged pot ibhojwana (UZL NC 2) / unopitolo (UZL NC 1.1) small pot, little pot ibhodi (UZL NC 2) board ibhojane (UZL NC 2) a habitual liar, a pathetic liar ibhokisi (UZL NC 2) box ibhokisana (UZL NC 2) small box, tiny box (2) insignificant box ibhokisikazi (UZL NC 2) big box, the real box (2) significant box ibhola (UZL NC 2) ball ibholana / ibholwana / ibhola elincane (UZL NC 2) small ball ibholakazi / ibhola elikhulu (UZL NC 2) big ball ibhomu (UZL NC 2) isiqhumane (UZL NC 5) bomb /explosive / tipwire ibhongo (UZL NC 2) a boy teenager obho… obhontshisi (UZL NC 8.2) beans, bean seeds ubho… ubhobhobho (UZL NC 3) / ubhopopo large intestine ubhondobhondo (UZL NC 3) / umudondoshiya talk person ubhoko / udondolo (UZL NC 3) walking stick ubhontshisi (UZL NC 3) bean, bean seed ubhoncula (UZL NC 3) sexually transmitted disease ubhongo (UZL NC 3) wind-pipe ubhova (UZL NC 1.1) bulldog ubhozo (UZL NC 3) uchakide weasel ubhozo (UZL NC 3) isithuphanyawo big toe bho… bhoboka (isenzo / verb) pierce (2) speakout; reveal
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bhocobala / cobeka (isenzo / verb) distress; look or be worried bhodla (isenzo / verb) speak with a deep voice (2) release air orally (3) bhodla / gunyuluka cough out, let out, speak out bhodlisa (isenzo / verb) make someone speak with a deep voice (2) help someone to release air bhokoda / gwaza / hlaba (isenzo / verb) stab someone bhomba (isenzo / verb) set off a bomb abhu… abhukudayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) the swimming one (amantombazane abhukudayo = A swimming child) ebhu… ebhukudayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 6) the swimming one (ingane ebhukudayo = A swimming child) ebhukwini / encwadini (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / the book ebhulukweni (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / the trousers ebhulohweni / ebrijini (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / the bridge ibhu… ibhubesana (UZL NC 2) a lion by name only, a lion not exuding the strength of a lion, a little or weak lion ibhubesi (UZL NC 2) lion ibhubesikazi / ibhubesi elikhulu (UZL NC 2) huge lion, strong lion, massive lion, scary lion ibhuku (UZL NC 2) book ibhukukazi / ibhuku elikhulu / ibhuku eligculisayo volumous book, impressive book ibhukwana (UZL NC 2) small book, few pages book (2) poor content book, unimpressive book ibhulukwe (UZL NC 2) trousers, pants ibhulukwana (UZL NC 2) cheap trousers or pants, substandard pants, poor quality pants, shabby pants
iBhunu (UZL NC 2) Boer ibhungezanyana (UZL NC 2) a tiny beetle ibhungezi (UZL NC 2) beetle ibhungezikazi / ibhungezi elikhulu (UZL NC 2) a sizeable beetle, a big beetle ibhunguka (UZL NC 2) a run-away perso ibhungu (UZL NC 2)/ insizwa (UZL NC 6) young man ibhungwana / insizwana insignificant young man iBhusimane / ikhaladi / ikhalathi (UZL NC 2) a coloured person, a multiracial breed ibhutsi (UZL NC 2) boot ibhuthi (UZL NC 2) booth obhu… obhubhu (UZL NC 8.1) caterpillars obhushi (UZL NC 8.1) butchers ubhu… ubhubhane (UZL NC 3) / isifo (UZL NC5) catastrophe, outbreak, epidemic ubhubhu (UZL NC 1.1) / icimbi (UZL NC 2) caterpillar, ubhuqu / uthuli (UZL NC 3)/ izintuli (UZL NC 9)/ ukungcola (UZL NC 4) dust, dirt ubhushi (UZL NC 1.1) butcher ubhuzane swarm / cloud as in ubhuzane lwezinyosi ( A swarm of bees) bhu… bhubha / phela / ifa (isenzo / verb) perish, die bhubhisa (isenzo / verb) cause to perish bhubhudla (isenzo / verb) finish off, be wasteful bhudubeza / nyukubeza / hlupha (isenzo / verb) harass, victimise, torment, bedevil bhudubezwa (isenzo / verb) be harassed, be victimized, be tormented, be devilled bhujiswa (isenzo / verb) go to hell, be made to perish bhukuda / dada (isenzo / verb) swim bhukudela (isenzo / verb) swim for
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bhukudisa (isenzo / verb) cause to swim, help to swim, aide in swimming, train to swim bhukudiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to swim bhukula / sukuma (isenzo / verb) take a stand, be forthright, stand up, uphold, champion bhukulela (isenzo / verb) take a stand on behalf of, uphold on behalf of, champion on behalf of bhula / hlahla / bholofida / bona (isenzo / verb) predict, foretell, forecast, foresee, prophesy, divine (2) bhula / cisha put an end to, halt, switch off, bring to an end bhulela / hlahlela / bholofidela / bonela (isenzo / verb) foretell for, predict for (2) bring to a halt for, to an end for bhulile (isiphawulo / adjective) predicted bhulisa (isenzo / verb) help someone predict for (2) assist someone to halt something for bhulelwa (isenzo / verb) be foretold, have predictions made for bhulungana / ndilingana (isenzo / verb) be round in shape, be in a circular or globular motion bhunguka / nyamalala / jubala (isenzo / verb) disappear, vanish, be untraceable bhunyela / thela / manzisa (isenzo / verb) splash, pour, wet bhuqa / qeda / phiphitha (isenzo / verb) finish, complete, end (2) bhuqa / bhinqa be sarcastic, be sardonic, be ironic bhuqe / ntshu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) pitchblack, coal-black, too dark, very dark e.g. Imunyama bhuqe. It is pitchblack. bhuqela (isenzo / verb) pour something powdery over something (2) bhuqela / bhinqela be sarcastic on behalf of someone
bhuquza (isenzo / verb) roll in dust or something powdery, get the dust to rise up bhuquzisa (isenzo / verb) roll over and over in dust or something powdery bhushuza / bhushuzela (isenzo / verb) walk about naked, stroll nude bhuxeka / gxumeka (isenzo / verb) plant securely (2) bhuxeka / gwaza / shiqeka (isenzo / verb) stab deeply, puncture, perforate, penetrate sta bhuza (isenzo / verb) swarm about, buzz
…bl…
Ablashiwe. / Abrashiwe / Abhulashiwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word) UZL NC 7 have been brushed e.g. amajazi (coats belong to UZL NC 7) or Amajazi ablashiwe. (The coats have been brushed) ablakhethiwe / abrakhethiwe (UZL NC 7) are bracketed eblashiwe brushed UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) e.g. ingubo eblashiwe (a brushed dress) or imishini eblashiwe (brushed machines) eblashini / ebrashini (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the brush iblashi / ibrashi / ibhulashi (UZL NC 2) brush ibleki / ibhuleki (UZL NC 2) (brake) bleka / ima / khalima (isenzo / verb) brake, bring to a halt ablishiwe (UZL NC 7) the bleached ones eblishiwe (UZL NC 6 & 10 ) the bleached one/s iblishi (UZL NC 6) bleach ublomu (UZL NC 1.1) whitening substance iblumasi (UZL NC 2) panty, underwear iblukwe (UZL NC 2) pants blu (isiphawulo / adjective) blue
…br…
abrakhethiwe (UZL NC 7) are bracketed ebrawni (UZL NC6 or 10) the brown one
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ibrakhethi (UZL NC 6) bracket ibrashi / ibhulashi / iblashi (UZL NC 2) brush brasha / thintitha (isenzo / verb) brush ibriji / ibhuloho (UZL NC 2) bridge
…c…
Aca… acacile UZL NC 7 are clear e.g. Lawa amagama acacile. (These words are clear) acatshiwe UZL NC 7 have been crushed or grinded e.g. amathambo acatshiwe. Eca… ecaleni (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to the court case ica… icala (UZL NC 2) case oca… ocadolo (UZL NC 8.1) blackjacks uca… ucadolo (UZL NC 1.1) blackjack (*a widely distributed weed related to the bur-marigold, with barbed black seeds)
ucansi (UZL NC 3) straw-mat; mat ca… caba (isenzo / verb) grind cabanga / cinga / idla amathambo ekhanda (isenzo / verb) think, consider, contemplate cabangela (isenzo / verb) be considerate cabangisa (isenzo / verb) help to think through (2) think like … cabangisela / solela (isenzo / verb) suspect, be inclined towards, be inclined to think, presume cabangisisa / cingisisa / jula ngengqondo (isenzo / verb) think carefully, think deeply caca (isenzo / verb) be clear cacela pick on another person cacelwa be made to understand cacile (isiphawulo / adjective) clear
cacisa / chaza / enza-lula / khanyisa (isenzo / verb) make it clear, clarify, explain, simplify, illuminate cacisela / khanyisela / chazela (isenzo / verb) explain to, make clear to someone, simplify to, clarify to, illuminate to caciselwa be helped to understand cacisisa / chazisisa (isenzo / verb) explain clearly, make it absolutely clear, clarify in detail cacisile (isiphawulo / adjective) clarified, had been made clear caka / bhanda / penda (isenzo / verb) paste, paint cakaza / hliphiza (isenzo / verb) scatter, split into many pieces, create disorder, strew, fling cakazela (isenzo / verb) scatter, split into many pieces for, scatter for cakazekile (isiphawulo / adjective) scattered all over cakazile (isiphawulo / adjective) scattered, strewn cakile / bhandile / pendile (isiphawulo / adjective) painted, pasted cambalala / lala / thatha isihlwathi (isenzo / verb) take a nap, snooze, nap, sleep canda / genca / sika (isenzo / verb) chop, slice, cut casuka / thuthumela / dikibala / dinwa (isenzo / verb) be upset, be agitated, be unnerved casha (isenzo / verb) hide cashela (isenzo / verb) hide against cashisa (isenzo / verb) hide something or someone cashiswa be hidden, be caused to hide e.g. Ucashiwa yini? (what is causing you to hide?) caza / aba (isenzo / verb) distribute, allocate cazela / abela (isenzo / verb) share with, distribute for, allocate for cazisa (isenzo / verb) help to share, cause to share
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ace… acebile UZL NC 7 are rich or fat e.g. Amantombazane acebile. (The girls are rich or fat). aceliwe UZL NC 7 have been asked e.g. amadoda aceliwe ukuthi akhe. (Men were asked to build) ece… eceleni (undaweni / locative) on the side ice… icebo / isu (UZL NC 2) idea, concept, notion, plan, thought, mental picture, theory icembe / iqabunga / igqabu (UZL NC 2) leaf uce… ucelemba (UZL NC 1.1)/ isizenze (UZL NC 5) hatchet ucengezi (UZL NC 3)/ iplatha (UZL NC 6) platter ucezu (UZL NC 3) piece ce… ceba / gwilika / idla-kahle / busa / khomba-ngophakathi / busiseka / idla-izambane likaPondo (isiphawulo / adjective) be rich, be wealthy, be affluent, be well-to-do, be well-off, be moneyed(2) ceba / khuluphala / nona be fat, be obese (3) ceba / mpimpa / shisela (isenzo / verb) tell on, snitch, spy on, report on cebile / nothile (isiphawulo / adjective) rich, wealthy (2) cebile / nonile / khuluphele fat, obese cebisa / nothisa (isenzo / verb) enrich (2) cebisa / bonisa / yala / luma indlebe advise (3) cebisa / nonisa / khuphalisa (isenzo / verb) make fat cebiswa / noniswa (isenzo / verb) be enriched by (2) be made fat by cekela-phansi / ona / limaza (isenzo / verb) vandalise, disfigure, mar, spoil, ruin, deform, sully,
tarnish, damage, injure, uglify, blight, blemish, impair cela / ncenga / khangeza (isenzo / verb) ask, request, beg (2) cela / buza ask, enquire, question, pose a question celela (isenzo / verb) ask for, plead for celembisa (isenzo / verb) slash celwa / ncengwa (isenzo / verb) be asked, be pleaded cembula / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) bisect, divide, slice, split aci… Acinge. Look for UZL NC 7 e.g. acinge amacici akho uzowathola. (Look for your earings, you’ll find them) acinyiwe UZL NC 7 have been switched off e.g. amakhandlela acinyiwe. (The candles have been switched off) eci… ecimezile the UZL NC 6 that has his / her / its eyes closed e.g. UZL NC 6 = ingane (child), intombazane (girl), indoda (man) ici…. icici (UZL NC 2) / isiqhaza (UZL NC 5) earing iciko / igagu (UZL NC 2) eloquent person icilongo (UZL NC 2) trumpet, flute icimbi (UZL NC 2) worm oci… ocikicane pinkies, little fingers, smallest fingers uci… ucikicane (UZL NC 1.1) pinkie, little finger ucingo (UZL NC 3)/ okokubiyela (UZL NC 4)/ uthango (UZL NC 3)/ umuthangala (UZL NC 1.2) fence, enclosure (2) ucingo (UZL NC 3)/ uwaya (UZL NC 1.1) wire, cable, lead, flex (3) ucingo (UZL NC 3)/ imfonomfono (UZL NC 6)/ ifoni / iselula / iselulafoni (UZL NC 6)/
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umakhalekhukhwini (UZL NC 1.1) phone, landline, cellular phone ci… ciciyela / cacamezela (isenzo / verb) do patch work cikica / xikixa / hlikihla (isenzo / verb) rub the eye, rub, (2) cikica / bhala / loba / qopha write, document, engrave, inscribe, carve cima / cisha / bhula (isenzo / verb) extinguish, put-off, switch-off, turnoff cimela (isenzo / verb) extinguish for (2) mobilise wedding gifts (bride visits relatives and friends to collect her wedding gifts cimeza / vala amehlo (isenzo / verb) close eyes cimezisa (isenzo / verb) close someone else’s eyes cimeziswa (isenzo / verb) have one’s eyes close cindezela / hlukumeza / xhaphaza / gqilaza / cwasa / xwasa / phathisa okwesilwane / phatha ngonya (isenzo / verb) oppress, exploit, discriminate, persecute, abuse, maltreat, ill-treat, treat harshly, be brutal to, be cruel to, tyrannize, crush, repress, suppress, subjugate, subdue, subject, enslave, scourge ciphiza / cindezela (isenzo / verb) press down; stamp cisha (isenzo / verb) extinguish, put-off (See cima above) cishe / kwale kancane (isandiso / adverb) almost, nearly cishiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to extinguish, be made to put off fires aco… drippling UZL 7 as in amanzi aconsayo (drppling water) eco… econsayo a drippling UZL 6 or UZL 10
ico… iconsi (UZL NC 2) drop (2) iconsi / umugomo / ukugoma = vaccination, vaccine oco… oconsayo a drippling UZL 1.1 as in ubhavu oconsayo (dripping or leaking bathtub) uco… ucobho (UZL NC 1.1)/ ibala (UZL NC 2) spot, blemish (2) ucobho (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkombisa (UZL NC 6)/ insalela (UZL NC 6) inference, insinuation, innuendo, hint, implication, intimation, imputation, indication; connotation, overtone, undertone, hidden meaning coba / thena-amandla / hlekisa / bukisa / phoxa (isenzo / verb) tease, make fun of; deride, embarrass, cause to feel hurt (2) coba / caba chew, grind cobeka / bhocobala / khathazeka (isenzo / verb) be distressed, feel unhappy, be sad, look upset, be worried (2) cobeka / khathala / nqena / phelelwa amandla feel-down, feellazy, feel-sleepy, lack energy cobelela /cazela / hlukanisela / ipha (isenzo / verb) give, share, be generous cobhoza (isenzo / verb) dip cocoza / totoba / nyonyoba / nwabuzela (isenzo / verb) be slow, move at snail’s pace cokama (isenzo / verb) stand on toes cokamela / phakamela (isenzo / verb) entertain, delight, show hospitality, feast, host consa / vuza (isenzo / verb) leak, drip, dribble, discharge, exude, emit, eject, release, pour out, send forth, ooze, excrete, secrete consela / thela (isenzo / verb) leak on, drop on, pour on
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consisa / vuvuzela / thela (isenzo / verb) cause to leak cophela / quba / ithi-gozololo (isenzo / verb) stay temporarily cophelela / qikelela / naka (isenzo / verb) be careful, be vigilant, stay alert, pay attention to detail cosha / butha / qoqa (isenzo / verb) pickup, gather, collect, take-in, clean up acu… aculayo singing UZL 7 as in amantombazane aculayo (the singing girls) ecu… eculayo a singing UZL 6 as in intombazane eculayo (a singing girl) icu… iculo (UZL NC 2)/ isihlabelelo (UZL NC 5)/ ihubo (UZL NC 2) song ocu… oculayo (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the singing one ucu… ucu (UZL NC 3)/ ineklesi (UZL NC 6) necklace cubuza (isenzo / verb) emit (2) give, favour, give favours cula / hlabelela / hhuba / huba / haya / vuma (isenzo / verb) sing, chant, intone, croon, carol, chorus cupha (isenzo / verb) entrap, trap, snare, ensnare, entangle, enmesh, lure someone in order to catch in the act (2) cupha / hlala-kancane / bekaisinqe okwesikhashana be accommodated temporarily cushwa (isenzo / verb) be entrapped, be given a final warning
…ch…
Icha… ichashazi / ishande (UZL NC 2) spot ochakide (UZL NC 8.1) (izinyoni) weasels (birds) uchakide (UZL NC 1.1) (inyoni) weasel (bird)
cha! / lutho / soze / qha! / qha! Bo bo / neze / khange / phinde (isibabazo / exclamation) no!, not at all, never, chama / zikhulule (isenzo / verb) urinate (2) ejaculate chamisa (isenzo / verb) cause to urinate or ejaculate chamusela (isenzo / verb) hatch chambuza / qhumbuza / bhoboza (isenzo / verb) poke, prick chanasa (isenzo / verb) go untramelled, act without any restraint chaphazela / thelela / sulela (isenzo / verb) infect, pass infection to, transmit infection to, spread disease to, contaminate, cause infection in chatha (isenzo / verb) administer an enema chathaza (isenzo / verb) pour a little chathazela (isenzo / verb) pour a little for, pour for, share liquid substance with chaya / phoxeka (isenzo / verb) be disappointed, chayisa / phoxa / enzela phansi / phula isethembiso (isenzo / verb) disappoint, let down, dishearten, cause someone to be dispirited, break the promise chaza (isenzo / verb) explain chazana be impressive chazela (isenzo / verb) explain to chazeka (isenzo / verb) be impressed chazisisa (isenzo / verb) explain thoroughly, give meticulous details che… chela / fafaza spray chelela (isenzo / verb) irrigate chema (isenzo / verb) be biased, be partisan, take sides chemile biased cheza / gudluka / shenxa / deda (isenzo / verb) give way, (2) exit chezile astray, off road chezuka branch off
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ichi… ichibi pond, water source, dam ichide (UZL NC 2)/ indlobho (UZL NC 6) one eyed person ichilo / ihlazo / izinhloni / amahloni disgrace, embarrassment, shame, awkwardness ochi…. ochithamali / omuxhaphazisimali (UZL NC 8.1) those who waste money, the overspenders, the extravagant people uchi… uchithamali / umuxhaphazisimali (UZL NC 1.1) the one who wastes money, the overspender, the extravagant one uchithomali expenditure, wasteful expenditure uchithichithi / uxhaphazomali (UZL NC 3)/ ukumosha (UZL NC 4) extravagance, wastefulness chi… chicha (isiphawulo / adjective) be oily chichima / chitheka / ngcwala uchichime / gcwala mfi (isenzo / verb) overflow, be full over capacity, spillover chitha spill, drop, drip chithakala spread out (2) be open minded chitheka (isenzo / verb) spill, overflow chithekile dripped, dropped ucho… uchoko (UZL NC 3)/ ubulephelo (UZL NC 8.2) leprosy choba crush chocha shine, be glossy, be oily choma brag chopha buff, swank, swagger
uchu… uchuku (UZL NC 3) aggression, provocation, pugnacity, hostility chu… chukuluza provoke chuma / thuthuka / qhakaza (isenzo / verb) prosper, flower, thrive, flourish, become famous, become well-off, be wealthy chumisa cause to prosper chumisela prosper for chusha wind one’s way through chushisa help another to cross over, explain chutha / qhutha (isenzo / verb) peel off feathers, peel off (2) chutha / xhaphaza / hlukumeza torment, take advantage of someone, bully
…chw…
ichwane (UZL NC 2) young bird or beast, fowl uchwazane (UZL NC 2) tweet, cheep chwachwaza / swebeza (isenzo / verb) twitter, buzz chwakambisa / qhakambisa / phakamisa / khuphula / hlonipha / thwesa imiyezane (isenzo / verb) elevate, promote, aggrandise, dignify, ennoble, exalt chwaneka / neka (isenzo / verb) put in full view, expose chwakambisa / qhakambisa (isenzo / verb) elevate, promote chwaza tweet chwaya (isenzo / verb) be disappointed; be let down; be disheartened (2) chwaya / hlwaya = look with fine tooth comb chwensa / delela (isenzo / verb) be cheeky, be impudent (see delela below)
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…cw… ucwathi (UZL NC 3)/ ukuthula (UZL NC 4) tranquility, silence, peace and quiet ucwazi (UZL NC 1.1) plastic cwala / hlobisa / lolonga (isenzo / verb) beautify, refine, accessorise, adorn, embellish ucwebe (UZL NC 3)/ ubucwebe / ububhanyabhanya / ububenyebenye / ubukhanyikhanyi (UZL NC 8.2) shiny thing, gleam, sparkle, radiance, illumination, luminescence, luminosity, incandescence, phosphorescence, fluorescence cwebezelisa (isenzo / verb) shine, varnish, make it look like new cweba (isenzo / verb) glaze, be motionless, be glassy, be teary (2) be still cwebezela / cwazimula (isiphawulo / adjective) shiny, glassy, glossy, gleaming cwebezelisa (isiphawulo / adjective) make it shiny, shine it thoroughly, make it perfectly glossy cwebisa (isenzo / verb) glaze like, (2) make still (3) be still like …, glaze like … cwenga (isenzo / verb) purify; clarify; cleanse cwengiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) purified cwecwa / hluba (isenzo / verb) peel off cwila / gwiliza (isenzo / verb) submerge, drown; dip ada… adangele sad UZL 7 as in amantombazane adangele adansayo dancing UZL 7 as in amantombazane adansayo eda… edamini at / to / from / in the dam edangele sad UZL 6 as in ingane edangele (a sad child) ida… idada (UZL NC 2) duck
idadamu (UZL NC 2) slash of water idadla (UZL NC 2) gumboot idamu (UZL NC 2) dam, weair, reservoir (2) dummy idanda (UZL NC 2) lumbar portion of the spine (found in the lower back and the base of the spine) idastibhini (UZL NC 6) dustbin, thrashcan idayimane (UZL NC 2) diamond odastibhini (UZL NC 8.1) dustbins, thrash-cans oda… odade / osisi / odadewethu (our or my sisters)/ odadewenu (your sisters) (UZL NC 8.1) sisters, female siblings (2) female comrades, female associates similar age as one’s sisters odadewabo (UZL NC 8.1 his or her sisters (though derived from UZL NC 8.1 it applies in general sense to all noun clusters) odadewalo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL NC 2 nouns such as ijaji / judge = UZL NC 2 odadewaso (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL NC 5 nouns such isithandwa / lover, isangoma / sangoma odadewawo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL NC 7 nouns such as amantombazane with prefix sound-unit ‘ama..’ odadewayo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of the UZL NC 6 nouns such ingane / child, insizwa / young man, intombi / young woman odadewazo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL NC 9 nouns such izingane / children, izintombi / young women odadewenu (UZL NC 8.1) your sisters odadewethu (UZL NC 8.1) our or my sisters odali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izithandwa (UZL NC 9)/ omuntakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) dears, dearest, sweethearts
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uda… udaba (UZL NC 3)/ ingxoxo / ingxoxiswano (UZL NC 6)/ uboniswano (UZL NC 3) ukubonisana (UZL NC 4) discussion, dialogue, discourse, conversation udade / usisi / udadewethu (our or my sister) / udadewenu (your sister) (UZL NC 1.1) sister, female sibling (2) female comrade, female associate similar age as one’s sister udadewabo (UZL NC 1.1) his or her sister (though derived from UZL NC 8.1 it applies in general sense to all noun clusters) udadewalo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC 2 nouns such as ijaji / judge = UZL NC 2 udadewaso (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC 5 nouns such isithandwa / lover, isangoma / sangoma udadewawo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC 7 nouns such as amantombazane with prefix sound-unit ‘ama..’ udadewayo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of the UZL NC 6 nouns such ingane / child, insizwa / young man, intombi / young woman udadewazo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC 9 nouns such izingane / children, izintombi / young women udadewenu (UZL NC 1.1) your sister udadewethu (UZL NC 1.1) my sister udaka (UZL NC 3) mud udali (UZL NC 1.1)/ isithandwa (UZL NC 5)/ umuntakwethu (UZL NC 1.1) dear, dearest, sweetie (2) dry peas da… dabuka (isenzo / verb) sympathise; be compassionate; feel sorry for dabula / klebhula (isenzo / verb) tear, cut (2) dabula / phuma phambili / qhenqeleza excel, outclass, outdo, surpass dalula / veza / ndlala esithangamini (isenzo / verb) expose, divulge, disclose
dambuza / ngcengca (isenzo / verb)walk carefully dangala / khathazeka (isenzo / verb) feel sorry, be saddened ade… Adedeliwe. (a = UZL NC 7 + verb) They have been freed.; They have been set free. Ede… edelelayo (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the cheeky one ide… idelakufa (UZL NC 2) / isishovushovusamalungelo (UZL NC 5)/ umulwelinkuleko (UZL NC 1.1) freedom fighter idela (UZL NC 2) abattoir, slaughterhouse ode… odelelayo cheeky UZL 1.1 as in umuntu odelelayo (a cheeky person) ude…udebe (UZL NC 3) lip udede / umaziphathe (UZL NC 1.1) pandemonium; uproar; disorderly and undisciplined place; chaotic place dela / lahla ithawula (isenzo / verb) give up; throw the towel delisa / fophisa (isenzo / verb) prove the point; present evidence delela / chwensa (isenzo / verb) be cheek; be impudent, have no regard for others; be impertinent, be insolent, be presumptuous,
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adi… adiniwe angry UZL 7 as in amantombazane adiniwe (angry girls) edi… ediniwe angry UZL 6 as in idnoda ediniwe (angry man) idi… idili (UZL NC 2) feast idina (UZL NC 2)/ isidlosakusihlwa (UZL NC 2) dinner idiskho (UZL NC 6)/ umugido (UZL NC 1.2)/ umudanso (UZL NC 1.2) disco, night club idiya / iqhwagi (UZL NC 2) locust dida / xaka confuse, perplex, baffle dideka / xakaniseka (isenzo / verb) be confused; be bewildered; be puzzled; be perplexed didisa (isenzo / verb) cause to make mistake, confuse, muddle, complicate didiyela / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) compile, put together, assemble (2) edit, modify, correct didiyela / shona-lena-nalena / baleka (isenzo / verb) be evasive; prevaricate; be elusive dikibala / duba (isenzo / verb) boycott, give up dikida (isenzo / verb) critically discuss, critically evaluate, analytically assess dila (isenzo / verb) engage dina (isenzo / verb) cause somebody to be angry, disgust someone, upset someone dindiliza (isenzo / verb) lie stretched out as in a dead person dinga / funa / thola (isenzo / verb) need, require, necessitate dingeka dingida / xazulula / xoxisa (isenzo / verb) solve, expound, discuss, decipher dinsila / bheka phansi drop something dinwa / thukuthela (isenzo / verb) be angry; be upset; be annoyed
dishiza (isenzo / verb) walk sloppy, walk as if one’s body is heavy dixiza (isenzo / verb) make something muddy or wet diza (isenzo / verb) give away someone else’s things without permission ado… adobayo fisihing UZL 7 as in amadoda adobayo (fishing men) edo… edolobheni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / in town, city centre eDokodweni in / at / to from Dokodweni ido… idokodo (UZL NC 2) case-file idolo (UZL NC 2) knee idolobha (UZL NC 2) town, urban centre, city idolobhana / idolobha elincane / idolobha lasemakhaya / idolobha lasemaphandleni / idolobha elisafufusa (UZL NC 2) small town, rural town idolobhakazi (UZL NC 2) city, big urban centre odo… odoli (UZL NC 8.1) dolls udo… udobo (UZL NC 3) fishing rod, baiting rod udoli (UZL NC 1.1) doll udondolo / ubhoko (UZL NC 3) walking stick udoti / udombo (UZL NC 1.1) refuse, rubbhish, garbage, thrash doba / heha / lola / donsa (isenzo / verb) fish, entice, allure, attract dondobala (isenzo / verb) be weakened, lose mobility dondolozela (isenzo / verb) use walking stick as a result of being weakened donsa (isenzo / verb) pull, draw (2) attract donseka be attractive, desirable donsela pull for, attract for, drag, as in uzidonsela amanzi ngomusele
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(you are attracting trouble for yourself) adu… Adukile. (a=UZL NC 7+ verb) They are lost. edu… edukile (e=UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + verb) the lost; the missing one/ s eduze / nganeno / khona lapha near, close by, in close range idu… idube (UZL NC 2) zebra iduku (UZL NC 2)/ handkerchief iduku (UZL NC 2)/ umunqwazo (UZL NC 1.2) head covering cloth idumbe (UZL NC 2) palsy, shivering hand (2) colocasia antiquorum (edible plant with rough brown skin in the potato family) idundu (UZL NC 2) cliff, bluff, ridge odu… odumile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 1.1) the famous one; celebrity udu… udumo / ukwaziwa (UZL NC 3) fame; stardom; popularity du… duba / dikibala (isenzo / verb) give up, boycott dubela (isenzo / verb) boycott for dubula (isenzo / verb) shoot dubulela (isenzo / verb) shoot for dubulisa cause someone to shoot (2) shoot like dudula / phusha (isenzo / verb) push duduza (isenzo / verb) comfort, console, give sympathy dula / biza (isiphawulo / adjective) be expensive, be costly, be unaffordable dulile (isiphawulo / adjective) expensive dulisa (isenzo / verb) rip off, overcharge, cause to be expensive
duka / lahleka / nyamalala (isenzo / verb) get lost, go missing, disappear dukisa / lahlekisa (isenzo / verb) misplace (2) mislead, misrepresent, misinform dukisa / khohlisa (isenzo / verb) deceive; lie to duma (isenzo / verb) be famous (2) ramble; thunder dumala / dangala (isiphawulo / adjective) be sad, be unhappy, be sorrowful, be downcast dumaza / phoxa (isenzo / verb) disappoint, dishearten, cause embarrassment dumela / gxaza / bamba ngewashingi (isenzo / verb) manhandle, jostle, shove, fame, hustle, handle roughly, push, pull, maltreat, illtreat,grab dumisa (isenzo / verb) start the car, activate, arouse, ignite (2) praise, glorify (3) popularize, make one popular dumba / vuvukala (isiphawulo / adjective) be swollen, swell dumbisa / vuvukalisa (isenzo / verb) make swallon, cause to swell dunusa (isenzo / verb) strip naked; be naked, show off one’s private parts dunusela (isenzo / verb) strip naked for, show one’s private parts to dutshulwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be shot dutshuliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) shot
…dl…
adla… adlalayo playing UZL 7 as in amantombazane adlalayo (playing girls) edla… edlalayo playing UZL 6 as in ingane edlalayo (A playing child) idla… idla (isenzo / verb) eat
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idlabha / ixebe / inuku (UZL NC 2) untidy person idladla / ikhaya (UZL NC 2) home idlala / ithonsela (UZL NC 2) indlala (UZL NC 6) tonsil, gland odla odlalayo playing UZL 1.1 as in umfana odlalayo (playing boy) udla… udlame (UZL NC 3) violence udlamuvuzo (UZL NC 1.1)/ indlalifa (UZL NC 6) heir, successor dla… dlala / vocavoca-umuzimba (isenzo / verb) play (2) dlala / ncokola / phicaphica joke, pass a joke, pun, trick dlalana / khohlisana double-cross, dupe, deceive, trick, ensnare, entrap dlalela play for dlalile played dlalisa / teketisa (isenzo / verb) joke; jest; quip; gag idle… idlelo veld udle… udlebe ability to hear even if volume is very low dle… dlebeleka lose self-control dlela (isenzo / verb) eat for, (2) dlela / gwinya-impahla, gwinyaumuhlaba expropriate, confiscate, impound, take possession of another’s property dledlezela / ndindizela / ngqangqazela (isenzo / verb) shake, vibrate, tremble, quake, shiver dlelwa consficate, repossess as in dlelwa imoto (have one’s car repossessed)
idli… idliso (UZL NC 2) poison (2) a muti portion for charm or charisma idliwa / ibhimbi (UZL NC 2) inarticulate person, a person without a rhythm dlisa / faka ushevu (isenzo / verb) poison (2) dlisa / funza force to eat or help to eat dlisiwe poisoned (2) fed food with love muti portion dliwa eaten, chowed (b) dliwa / hlulwa be defeated idlo… idlozi / ithonga / ongasekho / okwelamathonga (UZL NC 4) ancestor, departed family member, guardian angel, family spirit dlo… dlobhoza / gqobhoza / bhoboza puncture, pierce, drill, dlobhoka / dilika / dlibhiza fall apart dlondlobala / khula / thuthuka / chuma (isenzo / verb) prosper, grow, blossom, thrive, boom dlu… dlubulunda make a narrow escape, escape using force dlula (isenzo / verb) pass; overtake (2) exceed dlulisa (isenzo / verb) make way, give way dlulisela pass on dlulile passed, went pass dluthula / bhongcula pull out using force
…dlw…
dlwathuza (isenzo / verb) walk carelessly dlwembeza / hlukumeza / khinyabeza / nyukubeza / sebenzisa kabi (isenzo / verb) abuse, misuse, misapply, violate, assault, sexually assault, persecute, torture udlwengulo / unyukubezocansi / unyukubezosinene /
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unyukubezomuzimba / uhlukubezosinene / uhlukumezo (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukubezo (UZL NC 6) ukunyukubeza-ngocansi (UZL NC 4) rape, sexual abuse, sexual assault dlwengula / nyubeza / hlukumeza / hlumeza-isinene / nyukubezaisinene (isenzo / verb) rape, sexually abuse someone, commit rape, force oneself on another, violate dlwengulile (isiphawulo / adjective) be the rapist, be the one who commit rape dlwenguliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) raped dlwengulwa (isenzo / verb) be raped
…dr…
udrayva / umushayeli (UZL NC 1.2) driver idredi / idredilokhi (UZL NC 6) hairstyle that locks the hair idraya (UZL NC 6) hairdryer udrinki / unemenaydi (UZL NC 1.1) cooldrink idrinki (UZL NC 6) cooldrink idriphu (UZL NC 6) drip idro (UZL NC 6) / ubambanophezulu (UZL NC 3) draw, stalemate, deadlock, stand idrowa (UZL NC 6) / ishalofu (UZL NC 2) shelf idrophu (UZL NC 6) drop
…dw…
edwa… edwaleni (undaweni / locative) on top of a cliff, on top of a rock, at the cliff, on a cliff, from the cliff idwa… idwala (UZL NC 2) rock, cliff idwashu (UZL NC 2) strip of leather udwa… udwadwa (UZL NC 3)/ ubala (UZL NC 3)/ ize (UZL NC 2) nothingness, worthlessness, nonsense (2) udwadwa (UZL NC 2) mirage (3) udwadwa (UZL NC 3)/ ichibi lamanzi elixhophayo (UZL NC 2) a large
expanse of water that may look like a white sheet from far udwani (UZL NC 3) blades for cutting grass udwayidwayi (UZL NC 3)/ imfishimfishi (UZL NC 6) long illogical narrative, gibberlish, balderdash dwanguza / nhlanhlatheka (isenzo / verb) walk blindly, walk in the wild without a specific target dwashuzela (isenzo / verb) walk with the sound from the friction of the cloth or clothes that one may be wearing udwe… udweshu (UZL NC e) / ibhadi (UZL NC 2) / ishwa (UZL NC 2) / ulaka (UZL NC 3) /inkinga (UZL NC 6) trouble, distress, suffering, woe, misfortune dwe… dweba (isenzo / verb) draw
…f…
afa… Afaniselene. (a =UZL NC 7+ verb or adjective) They are in uniform.; They are dressed similarly. Afanayo same UZL 7 as in amadolobha afanayo (same towns) efa… efanele (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 & 10) the one fit for; the appropriate one efanayo same UZL 10 as in imibala efanayo (same colours) ifa… ifa / shona / phangalala (isenzo / verb) die, pass away, expire, pass on, be belated ifa (UZL NC 2) inheritance (2) ifa (UZL NC 2)/ isimila (UZL NC 5)/ uvuvukalo (UZL NC 3)/ iqhuqhuvakazi (UZL NC 2) ganglion, swelling, protuberance, inflammation, buldge
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ifamu (UZL NC 2)/ iplazi (UZL NC 2) farm, small holding ifana (UZL NC 2) insignificant inheritance ifana (prefix ‘I’ = UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10 noun concord + adjective or simile) it looks like, They look like. ifanela (UZL NC 2) funnel ifasitela (UZL NC 2)/ iwindo (UZL NC 2)/ ingenisamoya (UZL NC 2) window ofa… ofakazi (UZL NC 8.1) witnesses; eyewitnesses; attesters; observers ufakazi (UZL NC 1.1) witness ufaniswano (UZL NC 3) uniform fa… faka / shutheka / gxisha (isenzo / verb) insert, put in, install, push fakana exchange favours fakaza / seka / xhasa (isenzo / verb) testify, substantiate, elaborate, back up fakazela / pheleka / sekela (isenzo / verb) support, second, vouch, attest to, affirm fakekile (isiphawulo / adjective) been inserted properly, been installed accordingly fakeka (isiphawulo / adjective) be insertable fakela (isenzo / verb) insert for, put in, insert fakile (isiphawulo / adjective) been inserted, or installed fakisa (isenzo / verb) help with installation or insertion fakisisa (isenzo / verb) insert properly fakwa (isenzo / verb) be inserted, be put in fana (isenzo / verb) be similar, look alike, resemble each other fanela suit, fit, befit as in ingubo emuhlophe iyakufanela (A white dress suits you) (2) fanele / lungele appropriate, right, correct fanisa / mantanisa (isenzo / verb) resemble, look like, approximate, correspond to
fanisa / qhathanisa (isenzo / verb) compare, contrast fanisela / qagela / funisela (isenzo / verb) guess; assume; make assumptions afe… afebayo (prefix ‘a’=UZL NC 7: adjective or verb ) the prostituting ones efi… efile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or UZL NC10) the dead one ife… ifemu / ifekhri / imboni (UZL NC 6)/ umukhiqizi (UZL NC 1.2) factory; manufacturing plant ifeni (UZL NC 6)/isikhiphamoya / isikhandimoya / isivuthelamoya (UZL NC 5)/ uphephela (UZL NC 1.1) fan, airconditioner ifeni (UZL NC 6)/ uhlinzamfuku (UZL NC 1.1)/ isikhomakhoma (UZL NC 5) fern (plant or tree) ifenisha (UZL NC 6) furniture ofe… ofeleba / onkunzana (UZL NC 8.1) the great ones, well-built people ofezela (UZL NC 8.1) scorpions ufefe (UZL NC 3)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2) kindness ufeleba / unkunzana (UZL NC 1.1) the great one, well built person ufezela (UZL NC 1..1) scorpion fe… feba / shisha (isenzo / verb) be promiscuous fela (isenzo / verb) die for; attest; vouch for fenda (isenzo / verb) shake waistline of the body feza / zuza / thola / hlomula (isenzo / verb) achieve; attain ; reach
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afi… afisa (prefix ‘a’ = UZL NC 7 + verb or adjective) wishing efi… efisa (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 & 10) the one wishing … ifi… ifilimu (UZL NC 6)/ isithombe (UZL NC 5) film; movie ifindo (UZL NC 2)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5) knot fika (isenzo / verb) arrive fihla (isenzo / verb) conceal, hide; keep in secret fingqa (isenzo / verb) fold fingqela (isenzo / verb) fold for fingqisa (isenzo / verb) help or cause another to fold figqisana (isenzo / verb) help one another to fold fisa (isenzo / verb) wish fisela (isenzo / verb) wish for fiselana (isenzo / verb) have wishes for each other ifo… ifomu (UZL NC 2) form ifoni (UZL NC 6) phone ifosi (UZL NC 2) shoelace ufo… ufo four (4) fo… fola (isenzo / verb) bend or curve the body fongqa / phetha / fingqa (isenzo / verb) fold afundile (prefix ‘a’=UZL NC 7 + verb or adjective) the educated ones efundile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the educated one/s ifu… ifu (UZL NC 2) cloud ifuba (inyoni) pelican (bird) ifutho (UZL NC 2) soft mealies
ofu… ofundile (prefix vowel ‘o’ = UZL NC 1.1 + verb or adjective) the educated one ufu (UZL NC 3) pauch of a stomach of a beast or human ufudu (UZL NC 3) tortoise fu… fudumala (isenzo / verb) be warm fudumele (isiphawulo / adjective) warm fudumeza (isenzo / verb) warm up fudumezela (isenzo / verb) warm up for fufusa up and coming, still growing fukama incubate fukula / qubula / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) lift, pick up, haul up fukuza (isenzo / verb) work hard, toil fulela cover, roof funa (isenzo / verb) search; hunt; look high and low funela (isenzo / verb) find something for funeka (isenzo / verb) be wanted funisa (isenzo / verb) assist in finding something funisisa (isenzo / verb) look thoroughly, search carefully, check meticulously funisela / qagela / cabangela guess, presume, assume, conjecture, speculate, deduce funwa (isenzo / verb) be looked for, be wanted, be needed funda (isenzo / verb) read, study fundela (isenzo / verb) study towards fundile (isiphawulo / adjective) educated, studied, learnt, well-read , finished reading fundisa / qeqesha (isenzo / verb) teach; train fundisela (isenzo / verb) teach for fundisisa (isenzo / verb) study throroughly, pay attention to detail during your studies, learn with understanding, do not cram fundisiwe (isipahwulo / adjective) been taught fundisisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been well taught
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fundiswa (isenzo / verb) be taught fundiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) been taught funga / thembisa / zibophe take an oath, swear, vow, pledge, promise funza / totosa / tetemisa (isenzo / verb) spoon-feed, baby-sit, overparent (2) funza / fana resemble, look lke funzile / totosile / tetemisile overparented, spoon-fed (2) funzile / thatha emumva kwa… / fana no… taken after, have features resembling …, have behavior resembling … funzwa (isenzo / verb) be spoon-fed; be brainwashed; be indoctrinated fushane (isiphawulo / adjective) short; brief futha (isenzo / verb) blow futha / memeza / khaca (isenzo / verb) yell, shout, below, howl, speak unkindly futhisa make one to blow futhi (isihlanganiso / conjunction) again, and
…fl…
iflaski (UZL NC 6)/ isigcinizingakushisa (UZL NC 5) flask iflawa / imbali (UZL NC 6) flower uflawa / ufulawa (UZL NC 1.1)/ impushumpushu / incushuncushu (UZL NC 6) flour iflegi / ifulegi (UZL NC 2)/ isiphayizanemulayezo (UZL NC 5) flag; banner ifleshi (UZL NC 6)/ isiphayizane (UZL NC 5) flash
…fr…
i-Afrika (UZL NC 6) Africa i-Afro / iwigi (UZL NC 6) wig ifremu (UZL NC 6)/ ugangemufanekiso / ugangesisekelo (UZL NC 3)/ isisekelo / isisekelosakhiwo (UZL NC 5) frame, framework, structure, substructure ifriji (UZL NC 2) fridge ifruthi (UZL NC 2)/ isithelo (UZL NC 5) fruit
…g…
aga…
agadiwe / aqaphiwe (prefix ‘a’ = UZL NC 7+ verb or adjective) the guarded ones ega… egadiwe (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the guarded one egameni (undaweni / locative ) to / at / from / in the name e.g. egameni lenkosi uJesu (in the name of the Lord Jesus) iga… igabade (UZL NC 2) clot or lump especially soil igagu (UZL NC 2) eloquent person igama / ibizo (UZL NC 2)/ isiqambo (UZL NC 5) name, denomination, noun igamfu (UZL NC 2)/ingxenye (UZL NC 6)/ isigaba (UZL NC 5)/ indima (UZL NC 6) segment, part, portion, fragment igaraji (UZL NC 2) garage (2) petrolstation igazi (UZL NC 2) blood oga… ogadiwe (prefix ‘o’ = UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2+ verb or adjective) the guarded one uga… Ugadiwe. (ibizomusho / sente word: UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) S/He/ It is guarded. ugange outer side of a kraal ugazi (UZL NC 3)/ iwozawoza (UZL NC 6) charm, drawing power, attractiveness, loveableness gada / qapha (isenzo / verb) guard; protect; be vigilant; watch out ganga (isenzo / verb) be naughty gandaya (isenzo / verb) grind; compress gaqa (isenzo / verb) crawl, creep gaqela (isenzo / verb) crawl towards (a) gaqela eziko go towards danger; creep towards fire (b) gaqelaisikhundla position oneself for someone else’s position; be envious of someone’s position to a point of positioning oneself for it. gawula / gamfula (isenzo / verb) cut down especially something woody (a) gawula ubheke watch out
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ige… igeja (UZL NC 2) hoe igesi (UZL NC 6) gas, gas fire oge… ogeleja / ogereja (UZL NC 8.1) bulldozers ugebe (UZL NC 3)/ umufantu (UZL NC 1.2 ) a crack ugebhezi (UZL NC 2) skull ugeleja / ugereja (UZL NC 1.1) bulldozer ugelekejane / unhlenhle / iqili (UZL NC 1.1) a sly person ugesi (UZL NC 1.1) electricity, electrical power geja / phaphalaza / nhlanhlatha (isenzo / verb) miss, fail to catch, be of the target geleza (isenzo / verb) undulate, surge, wobble genca / gawula / sika (isenzo / verb) chop down; cut; slice geza / hlamba / cola (isenzo / verb) wash, bath, clean-up igi… igigi (UZL NC 2) gig; live performance igingabhathi (UZL NC 2) gigabyte ugi… ugilonci (inyoni) (UZL NC 1.1) blue heron (bird) gi… gibela (isenzo / verb) ride gigitheka (isenzo / verb) giggle gijima (isenzo / verb) run gijimisa / jahisa / qhanqalazisa (isenzo / verb) chase gingqika / iwa (isenzo / verb) fall, plummet; overturn; tilt ego… eGoli (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from Johannesburg egolide of the gold
egobolondweni in / at / from / to the shell igo… igobolondo (UZL NC 2) shell igobhozi (UZL NC 2) hollow container, leaking vessel, leaking container, empty shell igogogo / ithini tin, tin-foil, aluminium, metal iGoli (UZL NC 2) Johannesburg igolide (UZL NC 2) gold igolo (UZL NC 2)/ umusunu (UZL NC 1.2)/ inhlunu (UZL NC 6) vagina, vulva igovu / inja / umugodoyi (UZL NC 2) greedy dog, dog or greedy person ogo… ogogo (UZL NC 8.1)/ okhulu / omakhulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izalukazi (UZL NC 9) grandmothers, old women, elderly females, female senior citizens ugo… ugodo (UZL NC 3) pole ugogo (UZL NC 1.1) grandmother, old woman ugologo / ugavini (UZL NC 1.1) pure alcohol, alcohol with the highest dosage of alcohol, hot stuff, brandy, whisky, gin, vodka, alcoholic spirit go… godola (isenzo / verb) feel cold goba / fola (isenzo / verb) bend goduka / hamba(isenzo / verb) go govuza / goqoza (isenzo / verb) stir goma / gwema (isenzo / verb) immunize, prevent goqa / phetha / fingqa / fongqa (isenzo / verb) fold; summarise; finish off agu… agulayo (prefix ‘a’ =UZL NC 7+ verb or adjective) the sick ones
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egu… egulayo (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the sick one/s igu… igudu (UZL NC 2) hemp pipe, smoking pipeigugu (UZL NC 2) precious thing igula (UZL NC 2) calabash iguncu (UZL NC 2) expired egg, rotten egg igundane (UZL NC 2) mouse igumbagumba / ihay’fa (UZL NC 6) hi-fi, music system ugu… ugu (UZL NC 3) water-edge gu… gudluka / shenxa (isenzo / verb) shift, move (directed at you) gudlula / shenxisa / gudlukisa (isenzo / verb) move something or someone, make way, relocate, move something to make way for another guga / khula (isenzo / verb) age, gorw, mature (2) guga / phelelwa isikhathi / hwaqabala fade, wither, decline, expire gugile (isiphawulo / adjective) old, aged, expired gumba / imba (isenzo / verb) dig guqa / voshoka (isenzo / verb) kneel, crouch guqula / shintsha / shintshashintsha / phendula / phenduphenduka/ enza-busha / buza / ebuza (isenzo / verb) change, transform, metarmophose, transfigure, mutate
gcina / pheza /phezisa / ima / khawula (isenzo / verb) stop; bring to a halt; bring to an end gcoba / hlikihla (isenzo / verb) apply, rub on (2) gcoba /beka esikhundleni / nika amandla okuphatha (isenzo / verb) ordain, install gcotshwa / hlikihlwa (isenzo / verb) be ordained gculisa / nelisa (isenzo / verb) satisfy
…gcw…
gcwala (isenzo / verb) be full, be filled gcwalisa (isenzo / verb) fill up, (2) fulfill gcwele (isiphawulo / adjective) full gcweleza / lelesa / hlasela / hlukumeza harass, attack
…gl…
iglobhu (UZL NC 6) globe iglu (UZL NC 6) glue glowa (isiphawulo / adjective or isenzo / verb) be shiny, look bright and refreshed,
…gr…
igraji (UZL NC 6)/ igqubu (UZL NC 2) grudge, disgruntlement, bitterness grebha / gxavuna (isenzo / verb) gxavuna igrebhisi (UZL NC 2) grape = amagrebhisi (UZL NC 7) grapes igrisi (UZL NC 6) grease igrosa (UZL NC 6) grocery grosa / thenga (isenzo / verb) buy food, buy
…gc…
gcaluza / gcogcoma / yaluza / ehla-wenyuka (isenzo / verb) be restless; walk up and down gcagcaza / gcogcoma / yaluza (see gcaluza above) igceke / ibala (UZL NC 2) yard
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…gq… gqaba (isenzo / verb) apply muti concoction in order to be feared, apply muti concoction in order to appear strong and feared gqabela (isenzo / verb) apply muti concoction against a specific person gqamuka (isenzo / verb) erupt, explode gqamukisa (isenzo / verb) cause eruption or explosion gqekeza (isenzo / verb) break-in; burglarise; housebreak; intrude gqiba / ngcwaba (isenzo / verb) cover up, bury gqigqa (isenzo / verb) go to one place repeatedly gqihha / gquma (isenzo / verb) groan, grumble, moan gqingqa (isenzo / verb) compress, compact gqo… gqobhoza / bhoboza / hlokoza / gwaza (isenzo / verb) punch a hole, poke, prickle, stab gqoka / mbatha / vatha (isenzo / verb) dress up, clothe igqu… igqubu (UZL NC 2) grudge igquma (UZL NC 2) hill gqu… gquzula (isenzo / verb) open forcefully gquma (isenzo / verb) steam gqumelana / mbondelana (isenzo / verb) pent-up, be repressed, bottle-up (2) pile (up), heap (up) gqunqa / gqhwala / hwaqabala (isenzo / verb) fade, lose colour, become darker, become pale, faint
…gqw…
gqwala / gqunqa (isenzo / verb) faint; dim; be pale; lose colour
…gw… igwa… igwababa (inyoni) (UZL NC 2) white neckedraven (bird) igwagwa (UZL NC 2) overgrown leaf igwala / inina / ivaka (UZL NC 2) coward ugwa… ugwava (UZL NC 1.1) guava gwa… gwaba (isenzo / verb) do a spiritual dance gwaqaza / govuza (isenzo / verb) rattle, shake, stir gwavuma / khononda (isenzo / verb) growl, mumble, complain, grumble, protest gwaza / hlaba / bhokoda stab, knife, spear (2) gwaza / cubuza / thenga / hwiphilizisa / onakala (isenzo / verb) bribe, buy off, corrupt gwazela (isenzo / verb) participate in bribery by paying someone for a favour or business deal gwazile (isiphawulo / adjective) committed bribery gwazelwa (isenzo / verb) be paid a bribe, be a recipient of a bribe gwazisa / cubuzisa / thengisa / ngcolisa (isenzo / verb) make one to commit bribery gwaziswa (isenzo / verb) be made to commit bribery igwe… igwebu (UZL NC 2) bubble ugwe… ugweje (UZL NC 3) uneven number gwegwa / tsheka (isenzo / verb) be crooked, twist, zigzag (2) be undisciplined, commit immoral and unethical act, act out of line gwegwela / tshekela (isenzo / verb) slant towards …
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gwegwile / tshekile (isiphawulo / adjective) not straight, twisted, slanting, crooked gwegwisa / tshekisa (isenzo / verb) slant, tilt, make it crooked gwema / vimba (isenzo / verb) avoid gweva / iba-nenkani (isenzo / verb) be stubborn gwevile / qhinqile (isiphawulo / adjective) refusing to, unfazed, unpursuaded, being stubborn, being obstinate, being headstrong igwi… igwingci / ikhona / ijika (UZL NC 2) bend, curve, angle, hook igwinya (UZL NC 2) fat-cake igwivi (UZL NC 2) ugly thing or person ogwi… ogwija / odayiva (UZL NC 8.1) skillful divers and swimmers ugwija / idayiva (UZL NC 1.1) a diver, a skillful swimmer and diver gwiliza (isenzo / verb) drown gwilika / ceba / notha (isenzo / verb) be rich, be wealthy, have means gwiliza (isenzo / verb) drown gwinya (isenzo / verb) swallow gwiqiqiza (isenzo / verb) make a sudden unexpected turn
…gx…
igxathi / igxadi / isinyathelo long stride, a step forward, a leap ugxa (UZL NC 3)/ umugxala (UZL NC 1. 2) digging instrument gxamalaza (isenzo / verb) open legs gxagxaza / gxigxiza (see gxigxiza below) gxala (isenzo / verb) leap, jump over, take a giant leap forward gxambukela (isenzo / verb) interfere gxavuna (isenzo / verb) take forcefully ugxekwano (UZL NC 2) an act of criticizing each other, an act of blaming each other
ugxeko / ubekomabala / uhlabamabala / uhlabo (UZL NC 3) criticism ugxekokwakha (UZL NC 3) constructive criticism gxeka / gxibha/ hlikiza / beka amabala / hlaba uhlikize (isenzo / verb) criticise, denounce, condemn, arraign, attack, lambaste, pillory, disapprove of, carp at, cavil at, rail against, inveigh against, cast aspersions on, pour scorn on, disparage, denigrate, deprecate, malign, vilify, besmirch, run down, give a bad press to gxibha (see gxeka above) gxigxiza / gxagxaza (isenzo / verb) drip, dribble, drop; leak gxila / jula (isenzo / verb) labour, overemphasize, belabour, overstress gxiviza (isenzo / verb) stamp gxoba (isenzo / verb) compress, stamp, compact gxuma (isenzo / verb) jump gxumeka (isenzo / verb) install, erect
…gxw…
gxwala (isenzo / verb) be terminally ill, be bedridden gxwambukela / gxambukela (isenzo / verb) interfere, be nosy
…h…
ihaba / ubaxo (isenzo / verb)/ ukuyibaxa (UZL NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement, overemphasis, overstament ihawu (UZL NC 2) /isihlangu (UZL NC 5) shield uhali / ukotini (UZL NC 1.1) cotton uhambo (UZL NC 3) journey habula (isenzo / verb) seap hamba / goduka (isenzo / verb) go hambela / vakashela (isenzo / verb) visit, pay someone a visit hambisa (isenzo / verb) take to hambisela (isenzo / verb) take something or someone to another hambisana (isenzo / verb) travel together
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hawuka / zwela / dangala (isenzo / verb) feel pity, feel sorry (2) hawuka / monela / hhahha /bawa / iba nenhliziyo engaphandle envy, be jealous of someone or something iholo (UZL NC 2)/ umuholo (UZL NC 1.2)/ inkokhelo (UZL NC 6) pay, salary, wage hogela / nuka (isenzo / verb) sniff, smell hola (isenzo / verb) lead , pay holela (isenzo / verb) lead to ihubo / iculo / ingoma (UZL NC 2) hymn, song, music
…hh…
ihhala (UZL NC 2) rake ihhashi (UZL NC 2) horse ihholo (UZL NC 2) hall
…hl…
ehla… ehla / dilika (isenzo / verb) come down, descent ehlela / dilikela (isenzo / verb) Ehlela ngezansi. / Calm down, reduce volume, cool down ihla… ihlaba (UZL NC 2) sharp pain ihlabathi (UZL NC 2)/ umuhlabawonke jikelele (UZL NC 1.2) universe, cosmos , entire-world, globe, ihlambezo (UZL NC 2)/ ukugezwakwezandla (UZL NC 4) purification ceremony after few months of burial of a relative or friend, cleansing ihlamvu / ikhasi / iqabunga (UZL NC 2) leaf ihlane (UZL NC 2) wilderness ihlanze (UZL NC 2) bush-veld, bushcountry ihlathi (UZL NC 2) forest ihlaya / incoko (UZL NC 2) joke, comedy, funny story ihlazo (UZL NC 2) disgrace uhla… uhlahlomali / uhlelomali (UZL NC 3) / isabelomali (UZL NC 5) budget
uhla (UZL NC 3) list, stream, part, register, listing, inventory, directory, guide, key, catalogue, table of contents. uhlahlavu (UZL NC 3) worn-out thing uhlaka (UZL NC 3) / inxiwa (UZL NC 2) hut, uhlaka (UZL NC 3)/ umuphelezeli / umuphelezelinyanga / umuncedisimuhlanganisimakhambi (UZL NC 1.1) assistant herbalist, assistant uhlanga (UZL NC 3) dry stalk of mealies, (2) origin, ancestry uhlanga-lomuhlabathi / iSilo / iSilo-samabandla / inkosi yamaZulu (UZL NC 3) origin of creation, the King, the origin of ancestry uhlangothi (UZL NC 3)/ icala (UZL NC 2) side, side of the body, side of something uhlanya (UZL NC 3)/ isilima (UZL NC 5) mad person hla… hlaba / gwaza / bhuxeka (isenzo / verb) poke, stab, spear, knife, slaughter (2) hlaba / gxeka / gxibha criticize, denounce, find fault condemn hlabana (isenzo / verb) poke another; (2) meet luck; be lucky hlabeka (isenzo / verb) be provoked; be offended hlabekisa / halisela (isenzo / verb) provoke hlafuna (isenzo / verb) chew hlahla / genca (isenzo / verb) chop, cut, slice (2) hlahla / hlahla amehlo/ joloza stare, gaze hlahlela (isenzo / verb) chop up; (2) hlahlela / cubungula evaluate, analyse, assess hlakanipha (isiphawulo / adjective) be clever be intelligent, be smart (2) be aware, watch-out hlakula (isenzo / verb) weed-out hlala (isenzo / verb) stay, live, reside (2) hlala / zola / goba amadolo sit, be seated
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hlalela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) persist; persevere hlamba / bhukuda (isenzo / verb) swim (2) hlamba / geza wash, clean hlambalaza / jivaza / gxibhaza (isenzo / verb) embarrass, humiliate, demean, ashame hlambuluka (isenzo / verb) confess hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse hlambululisa / hlanzisisa (isenzo / verb) rinse thoroughly hlanekezela / hlanakezela / phendukezela (isenzo / verb) misrepresent, distort, misinform (2) dress the wrong side; falsify hlangana (isenzo / verb) meet hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) connect, addup, add, assemble hlangabeza (isenzo / verb) meet halfway hlasela / zuma (isenzo / verb) attack, invade, catch off guard (2) hlasela / gxeka / beka-amabala criticize, castigate hlathuza / bhayiza / hlomeka (isenzo / verb) act foolishly hlaziya / cubungula / ciphotha (isenzo / verb) analyse, scrutinise, break down, resolve, separate, reduce, decompose, disintegrate, dissect, divide, assay, test (2) hlaziya / bhekisisa / hlwayisisa / phanda = examine, inspect, survey, scan, study, scrutinize, look over, peruse; search, investigate, explore, probe, research, enquire into, check, sift, dissect; audit, judge, review, evaluate, interpret ihle… ihlebo / inhlebo gossip, bad mouthing ihleza (UZL NC 2) cob uhle… uhleko (UZL NC 3) laughter uhlelo (UZL NC 3) programme; agenda hle…
hleba (isenzo / verb) gossip, whisper, murmur, mutter hlebela gossip about someone, whisper something to someone hlehla (isenzo / verb) reverse hlehlela / hamba-nyova (isenzo / verb) move oneself or car backward hlehlisa / shenxisa / gudlula (isenzo / verb) move something hleka / ifa insini / gigitheka / gqwagqwatheka / moyizela (isenzo / verb) laugh, giggle, smile hlekisa (isenzo / verb) cause to laugh, be funny hlela (isenzo / verb) arrange, organise hlelela / lunguselela (isenzo / verb) prepare, make preparations, prepare for something or someone hlelelwa (isenzo / verb) be prepared for hlenga / weza (isenzo / verb) rescue hlephuka / phuka (isenzo / verb) break, crack, fracture (directed at something hlephukile / phukile broken, cracked, fractured, shuttered hlephula / cozula / ncozula (isenzo / verb) split, cut to share, take a little (2) hlephula / phula / limaza bulala break, shutter, dismember, injure hlephulela / cozulela / ncozulela split for someone or something, share, divide for someone hli… hlihla / bhibhidla / bila / gxabha (isenzo / verb) fizzle, sizzle, crackle, buzz, bubble hlikihla (isenzo / verb) rub hlina / buyisa-izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) frown, be sulky, be moody, be cross, be angry, be upset hlinela (isenzo / verb) frown for, be angry with, show disgust towards ihlo… ihlo / iso (UZL NC 2) eye ihlobo (UZL NC 2) summer
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ihlongandlebe (UZL NC 2) undisciplined person, delinquent, uhlo… uhlobo (UZL NC 3) / inhlobo (UZL NC 6) type, sort, kind, category, uhlotshana (UZL NC 3) / inhlotshana (UZL NC 2) sub-type, subordinate, subkind, sub-category hlo… hloba / iba muhle / qhakaza beautify, decorate, look attractive, look pretty hlobana / hlobanani / zwanani / xhumanani / philisanani (isenzo / verb) be related, be connected, be interconnected, co-exist hlobanisa (isenzo / verb) relate, integrate, synergise, syndicate hlobisa / qhakazisa / swenkisa / enza-buhle / enza-kuhle / enzokuhle / qobela (isenzo / verb) decorate, beautify, embellish, accessorise, prettify, garnish hlokoma / thuthumela / zamazama / nyakaza / shisekela (isenzo / verb) get excited, be thrilled, get exhilarated, be electrified, be moved (2) hlokoma / guqubala get ready, be prepared, gather strength e.g. Izulu liyahlokoma / The weather is gathering clouds. hlokomisa / thuthumelisa / zamazamisa / nyakazisa / shisekelisa (isenzo / verb) make excited, give passion, demonstrate how a thrill is achieved, be full of enthusiasm, encourage to generate enthusiasm hlokoza / joja / shixeka / hlohloloza prick, riddle, jag, jab (2) hlokoza / hlohla incite, instigate hlola / bheka / phanda / phenya okwenziwe ukuba kwenzeke ngendlela eqondiwe na? (isenzo / verb) examine, assess, evaluate (2) hlola / bhulelwa / bonelwa / xilongwa
check to ascertain diagnosis, investigate cause of trouble hloma / zicije / zilungiselele impi (isenzo / verb) arm, brace (up), prepare, be ready, forarm, prepare for a battlle hlomisa (isenzo / verb) arm another; give another weapons hlomula / klomela / zuza / thola / hlabana (isenzo / verb) reward, achieve, honour, attain, get recognition, receive respect or prize hlomulisile / klomelisile / zuzisile / tholisihle (isiphawulo / adjective) have given someone honours, have rewarded someone hlomulisa / klomelisa / zuzisa / tholisa (isenzo / verb) recognise someone, award someone, recompense someone, ordain someone, give honours to someone hlomuliswa / klomeliswa / ziziswa / tholiswa (isenzo / verb) be given honours, be rewarded, be given a prize hlonipha / zithobe / thoba / ziphathe kahle (isenzo / verb) respect, show consideration, be modest, heed, be compliant hloniphisa (isenzo / verb) make someone or something respectful (2) cover something as in a gun which has to be concealed and not be in full view of everyone hlonishwa (isenzo / verb) be respected, held in high esteem hlonizisa (isenzo / verb) disguise hlongoza / cabanga uku…. / phakamisa ukwenza okuthize/ ncoma ukwenza okuthize (isenzo / verb) contemplate, envisage, think about, plan to, propose to, suggest to, think about initiating something ihlu… ihlubuka / iqembuka dissenter, dissident, nonconformist, mutineer ihluli (UZL NC 2) blood clot
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uhlu… uhlu (UZL NC 3) list uhlubuko / uqembuko (UZL NC 3) dissidence, defiance, disobedience, mutinousness, rebelliousness, break off, nonconformity uhlukaniso / uqhawukofindo / uqhekeko (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukanisa (UZL NC 6)/ isihlukaniso (UZL NC 5) separation, segregation, disassociation, division, disunity uhluko (UZL NC 3)/ umehluko (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukungaboningasolinye (UZL NC 4) difference, dissimilarity, contrast, disagreement uhlumo / uchumo / inqubekelaphambili / intuthuko renewal, prosperity, progress, development uhlupho (UZL NC 3) irritation; annoyance uhluzo / uvulongqondo / ucabangisiso / uhlolisiso (UZL NC 3) objective analysis, objective consideration, objectivism, objectivity, open-mindedness hlu… hlubuka / hluthuka (isenzo / verb) be peeled off, be unmasked, get stripped, (2) dissent, demur, disagree, diverge hlubula / buzisa (isenzo / verb) peel something off, unmask something or someone, skin, peel hluka / cheza / phikisa / shayisana nomuqondo / phuma uphondo / ziqhelanise (isenzo / verb) differ, deviate from, oppose, contradict, be at odd with something hlukana / chezelana / qhelelana / shenxelana (isenzo / verb) break-up, part ways, disjoin, split, create distance, disaffiliate, disentangle, disconnect, unravel hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) divide; separate
hlukile / chezile / qhelile / shenxile (isiphawulo / adjective) different, dissimilar, unalike, incompatible, inconsistent, mismatched hlukumeza / nyukubeza / thunaza / xhaphaza (isenzo / verb) mistreat; torment, exploit, abuse hlula / nqoba / thatha umuhlanganiso / shaya uhlule (isenzo / verb) defeat, conquer, triumph over, annihilate, be victorius, beat hluleka / nqobeka / dela (isenzo / verb) fail, be unsuccessful, be conquered hlulekile / nqotshiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) failed, conquered hlulile / deliwe / qedile ithemba (isiphawulo / adjective) beyond redemption, irreparable, unrecoverable, hopeless hluma (isenzo / verb) sprout; shoot up; grow hlunga / hluza / hlukanisa ukhethe (isenzo / verb) sort, sift, separate, categorise, order, sift and select, separate accordingly, include and exclude hlungela / hluzela / hlukanisela ukhethele (isenzo / verb) sort for, sift for, separate for, categorise for, order for, sift and select for, separate accordingly for, include and exclude for hlungile (isiphawulo / adjective) separated, sorted, arranged, sifted and selected hlungisa / hluzisa / hlukanisa ukhethe (isenzo / verb) help someone to sort, cause someone to sift, cause someone to separate, cause someone to categorise hlungiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been disassociated, been excluded …hlungu (isiphawulo / adjective) painful; hurting hlupha / canula / cika / nyanyisa / hlukumeza / xova umoya / khubaza inhliziyo (isenzo / verb) irritate, annoy, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, bother, irk, gall, pique, put out, displease, antagonize,
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get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, finish someone's patience, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers hlupheka / xakeka / ntula / swela / xakaniseka / nwephuzela be poverty-stricken, be impoverished, be beggarly, be in penury, be penurious, be impecunious, be indigent, be needy, be destitute, be unable to make ends meet, be underprivileged, be deprived, be without means, be suffering hluza (isenzo / verb) subject to close scrutiny, evaluate objectively, consider impartially, consider without emotions, be objective
…hlw…
uhlwayi (UZL NC 3) particles hlwaya (isenzo / verb) comb out; scrutinise hlwathiza / hlwathuza / nhlanhlatha (isenzo / verb) do things the wrong way, act blindly, be naïve, be ignorant uhlweza (UZL NC 3) loose money; coins hlwitha / thatha ngodli (isenzo / verb) confiscate, take forcefully, grap
…hw…
ihwanqa UZL NC 2) moustache uhwebo UZL NC 3) / ukuhweba / ukuthengisa / ukudayisa UZL NC 4) trade, selling, trading uhwebolano / uthengiselwano / udayiselwano (UZL NC 3) commerce, buying and selling, dealing, traffic, trafficking, business, marketing, merchandising, bargaining; dealings, transactions, negotiations, proceedings
...j…
Aja… Ajahile UZL 7 are in a hurry as in amakhosi ajahile. (The traditional leaders are in a hurry)
eja… ejahile A UZL 6 in a hurry as in indoda jahile (A man in a hurry) Ija… ijaji (UZL NC 2)/ umehluleli (UZL NC 1.1) judge, determiner, arbitrator ijalidi (UZL NC 2) yard (2) white residence where black African women used to work under apartheid ijaqamba (UZL NC 2) cramp ijazi (UZL NC 2) coat ijazilomukhwenyama / ikhondomu (UZL NC 2) condom oja… ojahile UZL 1.1 is in a hurry as in Umfana ujahile. (A boy is in a hurry) uja… ujahile UZL 1.1 is hurrying as in umfana ujahile (A by is hurrying) ujakalase (UZL NC 1.1) jackal uJakobe (UZL NC 1.1) Jacob ujamu (UZL NC 1.1) jam ujantshi (UZL NC 1.1) rail ja… jabula / thokoza / thakasa / vuya / shaya izandla (isenzo / verb) be happy, be glad, be joyous jabulela / thokozela / thakasela / vuyela (isenzo / verb) be happy for, be glad for, be excited for, congratulate someone, wish someone well jabulile / thokozile / vuyile / thakasile (isiphawulo / adjective) happy, glad, joyous, jabulelwa / thokozelwa / vuyelwa / thakaselwa (isenzo / verb) receive warm reception, have others express their pleasure to have you jabulisa / thokozisa / vuyisa / thakasisa (isenzo / verb) entertain, excite, make happy, make others happy jabha / dumala (isenzo / verb) be sad, be sorrowful, be dejected, be desolate
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jabhile / dumele (isenzo / verb) disappointed, frustrated, let down jabhisa / dumalisa (isenzo / verb) disappointing, disheartening, saddening jahha / gijima / qhenqeleza (isenzo / verb) speed, accelerate, move faster, run (2) jahha / lahlekelwa isikhathi be in a hurry, be late jahhile (isiphawulo / adjective) in a hurry jaja / hlulela (isenzo / verb) judge, surmise, conjecture, determine, give a verdict jajile / hlulile (isiphawulo / adjective) judged, determined, had fate determined jajwa / hlelelwa (isenzo / verb) be judged ijele (UZL NC 2)/ isidlodlo (UZL NC 5)/ indlu-emunyama (UZL NC 6) prison, jail ije… ijezi (UZL NC 2) jersey ije… ujeke (UZL NC 3) jug ujenge (UZL NC 3) long line ujeqe (UZL NC 1.1) steamed bread uJesu (UZL NC 1.1) Jesus je… jeqeza (isenzo / verb) observe, keep under regular observation without being seen; watch out iji… ijika / ikhona (UZL NC 2) curve, corner, turn ijikijolo (UZL NC 2) blackberry, rasperry ijikhi / iblishi (UZL NC 2) / isisusamabala (UZL NC 5) Jik, bleach, stain remover ijimu (UZL NC 2) gymn, gymnasium uji… ujinja (UZL NC 1.1) ginger ji…jika / phenduka / phindela emumva turn, turn around, curve, go back
jikeleza / rowunda (isenzo / verb) encircle, surround, go around in circles jikisa / phendula (isenzo / verb) turn something over, make something to make a U-turn, turn around something jikijela / ntshinga / lahla (isenzo / verb) throw, throw away jima / zivocavoce (isenzo / verb) exercise jivaza / dicilela / phoxa / ehlisa isithunzi / thela ngehlazo (isenzo / verb) demean, discredit, discredit, degrade, humiliate, exasperate ijo… ijoka (UZL NC 2)/ umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) burden, load ijongosi / iqhikiza (UZL NC 2) intombi a young woman past the teen stage ujo… ujojo (UZL NC 1.1) a long skirt uJona (UZL NC 1.1) John uJoni (UZL NC 1.1) Joan uJosefa (UZL NC 1.1) Joseph uJosifina (UZL NC 1.1) Josephene jo… jola / thandana / shelana (isenzo / verb) date someone jomba /wela / eqa / gxuma (isenzo / verb) jump over, hop, cross over iju… ijuba (UZL NC 2) dove ijubane (UZL NC 2) speed iJuda (UZL NC 2) Jew ijusi (UZL NC 6) / ujusi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isiphuzo / isiqedakoma (UZL NC 5) juice uju… uju (UZL NC 3) honey uJulayi / uNtulikazi (UZL NC 1.1) July ju…
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jubalala (isenzo / verb) disappear without trace juluka (isenzo / verb) sweat jumbula / donsula / junqula plug out
…jw…
ijwabu (UZL NC 2) foreskin jwayela (isenzo / verb) get used to; familiarize …jwi… ujwijwi (UZL NC 1.1) swing jwijwa (isenzo / verb) swing; (2) strangle
…k…
Aka… aka… (UZL NC 1.1 human + verb suffix vowel ‘e…’ = must) Akahambe. S/He must go. E.g. umama / mother; ubaba / father aka… (UZL NC 1.1 human + verb suffix vowel ‘i…’ = negation) Negation UZL NC 1.1. of verbs without prefix vowel such as hamba / go; hlala / stay; thula / be quiet and those verbs with prefix vowel ‘a…’ such azi / know; andisa / multiply, e.g. Akahambi. S/He is not going. E.g. ugogo / grandmother; ubaba / father. Akangahambi. / S/He must not go. Aka…(UZL NC 1.1 human + verb with suffix sound unit ‘…nga’ = negation) e.g. akavumanga. / S/He did not agree. Akabazi. (UZL NC 1.1 human: 8.1) S/He does not know them. e.g. Umuntwana akabazi laba abantu. / The child does not know these people. Akalazi. (UZL NC 1.1 human: UZL NC 2) S/He does not know it. E.g. Umalume akalazi leli ijaji. / The uncle does not know this judge. Akavumanga. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/ He did not agree.; S/he declined. Akavume. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/he must agee. Akavumi. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/he refuses..; S/He disagrees. Akazi. (UZL NC 1.1) S/He does not know.
eka… eka… (UZL NC 6: UZL NC 1.1 excluding pronoun) It is for … e.g. Inkomo ekamama. The cow is for mother. Ekameleni in / at to / the bedroom Ika… ika… (UZL NC 6 & 10: UZL NC 1.1) UZL NC 6 or 10 is at UZL NC 1.1. e.g. Ingane ikagogo. / A child is at grandmother’s house. ikati (UZL NC 2) cat ikameli (UZL NC 2) camel ikamelo / igumbi (UZL NC 2) bedroom ikamu (UZL NC 2) / isichwayo (UZL NC 5) comb ikamumva (UZL NC 2)/ umulando (UZL NC 1.2) history, background ikani(UZL NC 2) canister oka… oka… (UZL NC 1.1 human : UZL NC 1.1) It is for e.g. umuntwana okagogo. / A child is for grandmother. / A child belongs to the grandmother. Okabani? (UZL NC 1.1 human : UZL NC 1.1 human) Whose? E.g. Okabani lona umuntwana. / Whose child is this? Uka… uka… (UZL NC 1.1 human: UZL NC 1.1 human) is at. E.g. Umuntwana ukaThembi. / The baby is at Thembi’s. kabanzi / ngokujulile / ngokwedlulele / kamuhlophe / kakhulu (isandiso / adverb) exceedingly, deeply, extremely, exceptionally, especially, tremendously, immensely, supremely, very, really, truly, most, distinctly, decidedly ka… kabi (isandiso / adverb) badly, poorly, incompetently, shoddily e.g. Izinsiswa zense kabi emuqhudelwaneni. / The young men performed badly at the competition.
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(2) kabi / ngomoya wezikhova = unfavourably, ill, critically, with disapproval, with disfavor e.g. Ungamucabangeli kabi umusulwa. / Don’t think ill of him, he innocent. (3) kabi / budlaka / ngenasimilo / ganga / gangile / ngcolile = reprehensibly, naughtily, mischievously e.g. UThemba uziphethe kabi. / Themba is behaving badly or reprehensibly. (4) kabi / ngonya / ngendluzula = badly, cruelly, wickedly, unkindly, harshly, shamefully; unfairly, unjustly, wrongly, improperly e.g. Abantu abamunyama babephethwe kabi ngaphansi kobandlululo. / Black people were treated badly under apartheid. (5) kabi / kakhulu / nyantisayo / ngokugagwinyisi amathe / thusayo = severely, seriously, gravely, greatly, grievously, acutely, critically, dangerously e.g. Balimele kabi. / They are badly injured. (6) kabi / masishane / ngendlela emangalisayo / kabi-kabi = badly, eargerly, very much, greatly, intensely, desperately, exceedingly, painfully, sorely e.g. Siyilindele kabi imiphumela yethu. / We are badly awaiting our results. kade long time, long e.g. Kade ngakugcina. / I have not seen you for a long time. (2) kade / …qeda / … sanda just, a moment ago e.g. Kade ngimubona nje. / I just saw him a while ago. kahle / ngokugculisayo / ngomusa / kahle-hle / kahle-kabi / impelaimpela / ngokuncomekayo / ngokuconsisa amathe / ngokujabulisayo (isandiso / adverb) well, satisfactorily, nicely, correctly, rightly, properly, fittingly, suitably, aptly, appropriately, harmoniously, agreeably, pleasantly, nicely, happily, politely, amicably, amiably, affably, genially, peaceably, skilfully, ably,
competently, proficiently, decently, fairly, civilly, politely, genially, kindly, in a kind/kindly way, generously, hospitably; respectably, honestly,thoroughly, completely, efficiently, rigorously, effectively, conscientiously, industriously, carefully, intimately, thoroughly, fully, deeply, profoundly, personally, carefully, closely, attentively, rigorously, in depth, exhaustively, from top to bottom, minutely, in detail, meticulously, scrupulously, assiduously, conscientiously, painstakingly, methodically, completely, comprehensively, fully, to the fullest extent, intensively, extensively (2) kahle / ima / ima bo / qha bo bo oh! Please, stop!, No! No! No! kahleni / kahleni bo / phezani / phezani bo / imani bo please stop kala / linganisa (isenzo / verb) measure kamuhlophe / kahle / ngokucacile / ngokungangabazeki / kabanzi (isandiso / adverb) well, very well, clearly, undisputedly e.g. UThandi wazi kamuhlophe ukuthi ayenziwa leyonto. / Thandi knows very well that such cannot be done. Akezwa. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/He cannot hear. (2) S/he does not listen.; S/he is deaf. kambe / konje / awusho (isandiso / adverb) by the way kangaki …? / Kungangaki? How many times? kangcono / kabanzana / kahle (isandiso / adverb) better, more, to a greater degree kanjani…? / Ndlelani? How? kanti but, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, though, although, even so, (but) for all that, (but) despite that, (but) in spite of that; anyway, anyhow, be that as it may, having said that, notwithstanding kaze /kazi / kambe / engabe e.g. Kaze bazokwenzekani ukuphumuma
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kulengxaki. / I wonder what they will do to get out of this situation. Ake… Akekho. (UZL NC 1.1) S/ He is absent .; S/He is not present.; S/He is off. Akeve (UZL NC 1.1) really, very much, a lot e.g. Lona umuntwana akeve ekuthanda ukulwa. / This child really likes fighting. Akezi. (UZL NC 1.1) S/He is not coming. Ike… ikekezi (UZL NC 2) facial mask ikepisi / ikapisi (UZL NC 2) cap iketela (UZL NC 2) kettle ikesi (UZL NC 2) case; container; bottle container; uke… uketshezi / ujenge (UZL NC 2) liquid kekela walk side ways kepha but ketula / gingqa topple, tip, overbalance iki… ikinati (UZL NC 2) peanut ikini / ikhaya lakho / imvelaphi yakho (UZL NC 2) your home, your residence, your family home, your origins ikithi / ikhaya lami / imvelaphi yami (UZL NC 2) my home, our home, my family home, my origins ki… kikiza (isenzo / verb) ululate kinatela (isenzo / verb) tighten kipita (isenzo / verb) live-in with girlfriend or boyfriend unmarried, unlawfully or without parental consent. iko… ikolishi (UZL NC 2) college ikopi (UZL NC 2) tin ikota (UZL NC 2) quarter
ikotishi (UZL NC 2) cottage ikontileka (UZL NC 6) constructor, construction company uko… ukolweni (UZL NC 1.1) wheat ukoma (UZL NC 4) / inxano (UZL NC 2) thirst ukona (UZL NC 4) destructiveness, ukotini / uhhali (UZL NC 1.1) cotton ukotshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ingulube (UZL NC 6) pig ko… kodwa (isihlanganiso / conjunction) but; yet; nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, however, still, notwithstanding, despite that, in spite of that, for all that, all the same, though, although kodwa (UZL NC 4) alone; only; e.g. Ngifuna ukudla kodwa. / I only need food. kona (UZL NC 4) it Konakele. It is bad. konke (UZL NC 4) All; entire; e.g. Ngifuna konke lokhu ukudla. / I want all this food. kopa (isenzo / verb) scratch one’s privateparts (2) kopa / kwapuna scoop kopela (isenzo / verb) copy; forge; steal someone’s work; pirate; plagiarise without acknowledging. kopolota (isenzo / verb) scoop-out kotela (isenzo / verb) ride; sit on, mount, be mounted on, bestride; aku… Aku… + verb with suffix vowel ‘…i’ = negation. *** Please read notes under sound unit ‘ku…’ below. Sound unit ‘aku…’ is in negation. For example; “Akuzi kahle. / It is not getting any better..” Remember! ‘ku…’ sound unit is a concord of UZL NC 4, but it is also a neutral concord, which can be used to describe, comment or enquire about a situation, condition, feeling in situations, which require neutrality or is all encompassing..
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For example, when I say; “kunjani?” / how are you? Or how is the situation? This question relates not just to you personally but your entire environment which may include your family, work, studies, life in your community. However, when I say; “Banjani ekhaya.” / How are they at home? This is specific to UZL NC 8.1 nouns such abantu / people; omama / mothers; abangane / friends; abazali / parents etc. Or Zinjani / How are they? (UZL NC 9) such as izingane / children. Therefore, kunjani? / how are you is general. Akubona. (UZL NC 8.1). It is not them. e.g. abantu / people; omalume / uncles; abameli / lawyers. Akubona abameli laba. / These are not lawyers. Akubonakali. It is not clear.; It is invisible. ; It is fuzzy. ; It is blurred. Akuboni. (UZL NC 4) It does not see. Akubo. (UZL NC 7: UZL NC 1.1 human) They are at his or her place. E.g. Amantombazane akubo uThemba. / The girls are at Themba’s place.. Akubona. (UZLNC 8.1) It is not them. Akubonwa. It cannot be seen. Akucacile. It is not bright enough.; It is unclear. Akujwayele. It is not regular. It hardly …. E.g. Akujwayele ukuthi abantu bagcwale kangaka kulona umutholampilo. / It is unsual to see so many people at this clinic. Akujwayelekile. / Akuvamile. / Akuvamisile. It is unusual. Akukho. (UZL NC 4). It is finished. E.g. ukudla / food Akulona. (UZL NC 2 & UZL NC 3). It is not it. UZL NC 2 = ijaji / judge; ilangabi / flame; ikati / cat; iqanda / egg. UZL NC 3 = ulimi / tongue or language; uvalo / anxiety; uthando / love Akukona. (UZL NC 4). It is not it. UZL NC 4 = ukudla / food; ukwala / rejection; ukwenza / action.
Akusona. (UZL NC 5). It is not it. UZL NC 5 = isandla / hand; isenzo / verb or action; isinkwa / bread. Akuvumi. / It does not augur well.; It is disagreeable.; It is uncomfortable. E.g. Akuvumi ngikhulume. / I feel uncomfortable about speaking. Akuwona. (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 non-human & UZL NC 7 all nouns human and non-human.) UZL NC 1.1 = It is not it. e.g. ugandandaganda / tractor. UZL NC 1.2 = It is not it. E.g. umuzi / house; umushado / wedding; umuthetho / law. UZL NC 7 = It is not them. e.g. amantombazane / girls; amafu / clouds; amanga / lies. Akuyona. (UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10). UZL NC = It is not it. E.g. inkomo / cow; imbuzi / goat; inyoka / snake; intombazane / girl. UZL NC 10 = It is not them. e.g. imithetho / laws; imiphimbo / throats; imizi / houses. Akuzona. (UZL NC 9). It is not them. UZL NC 9 = izingane / children; izelamani / simblings; izono / sins; izimpahla / goods. eku… in + verb (see examples below) ekubaleni (undaweni /locative) in counting e.g. ekubaleni ngithole usiksi pesenti. (In counting I found 6%) ekubeni (undaweni /locative) instead, rather ekubhaleni (undaweni /locative) in writing ekufeni (undaweni /locative) in death ekufundeni (undaweni /locative) in studying, in reading, in the process of studying, in the process of reading ekugugeni (undaweni /locative) during old age, in old age, through old age ekuguleni (undaweni /locative) in sickness, during sickness ekugcineni (undaweni /locative) at the end, in the end, finally, ultimately ekuhambeni (undaweni /locative) in travel, during travel, through travelling ekujabuleni (undaweni /locative) in joy, during joy
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ekujuleni (undaweni /locative) in the depth e.g. ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yami (In the depth of my heart) ekukuthandeni (undaweni /locative) in loving, in liking ekukhaleni (undaweni /locative) in crying e.g. Ekukhaleni kwami wangizwa uJehova. (In my cry God heard me) ekulweni (undaweni /locative) in / at / from fighting ekuseni (undaweni /locative) in / from / to the morning ekuzameni (undaweni /locative) in trying iku… ikubo (UZL NC 1.1 human) his / her home ikusasa (UZL NC 2) future ikuseni (UZL NC 2) / ukusa (UZL NC 4) morning, dawn, the period of the day when right is approaching or has arrived. Oku… Okumuhlophe all the best Okungcono better stuff Okungcwele holly stuff Okuningi many / a lot / plenty UZL 4 as in ukudla okuningi (a lot of food) Uku… Uku + isenzo (verb) to do that verb uku… to; (uku = to and English noun words derived from verb which have suffix ‘…ing’ words e.g. ukubona = to see or seeing; ukulalela = to listen or listening; ukuhamba = to go or going. We are therefore not going to put all the verb words that that have been transformed into noun words. Remember all verb words when they are prefixed with sound-unit ‘uku…’ belong to UZL NC 4 and adopt all rules of this noun cluster. However, please note that verb words that have prefix vowel in their basic form do not become ‘uku…’ because of the mathematical
formulation of this language. Let us take a noun word such as ‘azi’ / know. If we prefix azi with ‘uku…’ it will become ‘uku + azi = ukuazi’. As already discussed under no circumstance can a vowel follow another consecutively in one word. Therefore the solution is to convert the colliding vowels which becomes ‘uk(u)+(a)zi = u+a = w. Since in this language a vowel must always come behind a consonant, we shall then keep the ‘a’ of azi. Therefore, it becomes ukwazi / to know or knowing. Thosse verbs with prefix vowel ‘e’ such as ‘enza’ / do become ‘ukwenza’ / to do or doing. However, those verbs with prefix vowel ‘i’ such as ‘iza’ / come follow a different process to resolving this vowel collision problem. Due to the fact that consonant ‘w’ and ‘i’ are not common sounds in this language. Again due to the fact that ‘uku’ sound-unit is a neutral sound-unit and prefix vowel ‘i’ are considered neutral sound-units in their in their sequencing e.g. ‘I’ is in the middle ‘a, e, i, o, u’ . The nouns with prefix ‘uku’ are also located in the middle in the noun cluster sequencing. As such all nouns with prefix ‘uku’ belong to UZALO noun cluster 4 which is the fifth noun cluster of the 12 noun clusters. You shall notice that noun cluster 4 is neutral but leans more towards singularity, so it is number 5 in the noun cluster system. It is number 5 and not 4 because noun cluster 1 has two noun clusters. Therefore, in this case ‘uku’ takes precedence because this is about the transformation of a verb into a noun. The prefix ‘I’ is done away with as it is replaced by prefix ‘uku’ hense we end with ‘ukuza’ / to come or coming. When it comes to verbs with prefix ‘o’ such as ona / destroy,
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the same procedure is followed. When adding up ‘uk(u)+(o)na = u+o = o, therefore because one of the vowel emerged as the answer ‘o’ then takes precedence then it becomes ukona / to destroy or destroying or destruction. ukuba (isihlanganiso / conjunction) that e.g. Sithandwa! Ngiyazi ukuba ngingowakho. / My love! I know that I am yours. (2) ukuba = if e.g. Ukuba niyakwazi lokhu engikwaziyo ngabe anikhulumi kangaka. / If you know what I know, you would not be talking this much. (3) ukuba = so that e.g. Ngizomubonela ukuba angichazele kahle. / I shall see him so that he may explain thoroughly. ukubaza (UZL NC 4) carving, to carve ukube / nxa / noma / nominini / nanoma / uma / uma kwenzeka / ukuba inkosi iyavuma / nxa kuvunyiwe (isihlanganiso / conjunction) if, on condition that, provided (that), providing (that), presuming (that), supposing (that), assuming (that), on the assumption that, allowing (that), as long as, given that, with the provision/proviso that, with/on the understanding that, if and only if, contingent on, in the event that, whenever, every time, whether, whether or not, although, albeit, but, even though, even if, despite being, in spite of being, yet, whilst ukudla (UZL NC 4) food, to eat ukufa / ukuphangalala / ukushona / ukulala-safuthi / ukulala-unomuphelo / ukukhuphukela kwelamathongo (UZL NC 4) death, to die, to be late, demise, passing away, departure from this life ukukhathala (UZL NC 4) exhaustion, tiredness, to be tired ukukhetha (UZL NC 4) selection, to select
ukukhithika (UZL NC 4) snowing, to snow ukukhiza (UZL NC 4) drizzling ukukhona / ukwazi (UZL NC 4)/ ikhono (UZL NC 2)/ ubungcushe / ubuchule / ubungoti / ubuchwepheshe / ubukhono / ubungcweti (UZL NC 8.2) to be able to, ability, capacity, capability, potential, potentiality, power, faculty, aptness, facility, propensity, wherewithal, means, preparedness,talent, skill, expertise, expertness, adeptness, aptitude, skilfulness, prowess, mastery, artistry, calibre, accomplishment, competence, competency, proficiency, dexterity, adroitness, deftness, cleverness, smartness, flair, finesse, gift, knack, brilliance, genius, qualification ukulwa / ukuqhophisana / ukubambana ngezikhwepha / ukungaboningasolinye (UZL NC 4) fighting, quarrel, infighting, to fight ukuna / ukunetha / ukuyidliva / ukuyishaya / ukuyithela (UZL NC 4) raining, to rain ukunandisa (UZL NC 4) entertainment ukunetha (UZL NC 4) raining ukuncishana (UZL NC 4) to be stingy ukunya / ukubhosha / ukucubuza (UZL NC 4) to shit, to emit faeces (2) to talk rubbish, to anger someone, to disgust someone (3) ukunya / ukusuza / ukushipha to release stomach gases ukupha / ukuphana / ukukhipha / ukuba nesandla esilulekile (UZL NC 4) giving, liberality, lavishness, magnanimity, magnanimousness, munificence, open-handedness, freehandedness, bounty, unselfishness, indulgence, prodigality, princeliness ukunyela / ukuphoxeka / ukuhhuzuka / ukuphazamiseka (UZL NC 4) to be disappointed, to be disheartened (2) ukunyela / ukuphuka / ukwephuka to
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dislocate a joint, laxate, subluxate, disturb a muscle (3) ukunyela / ukungavuthwa kahle to be undercooked Ukuphi? Where are you? ukuthi that ukuvala (UZL NC 4) closure, closing, to close ukuvela(UZL NC 4) appearance; to appear ukuza (UZL NC 4) coming, approach ukuze so that ukuzonda (UZL NC 4)/ unya (UZL NC 3)/ inzondo / inhliziyo embi (UZL NC 6) / umoya wezikhova (UZL NC 1.2) hatred, loathing, detestation, abhorrence, abomination, repugnance ukuzwa (UZL NC 4) listening, to listen ukuzwakala (UZL NC 4) audibility ukuzwana (UZL NC 4) cordiality; affection; friendliness ukuzwela (UZL NC 4) being sensitive ukuzizwa / ukuzithwala / ukuziphakamisa / impakamo to be full of oneself, arrogance, overconfidence, pride, egoism, egotism, ego centricity, selfimportance, self-assurance, hubris, narcissim, egonamania Ku… = Prefix sound unit ‘ku…’ is UZL NC 4 concord. It is also a middle noun cluster, which is in the middle. This means that this sound unit is also regarded as a neutral noun cluster. Teachers who comment on the work of learners usually use this sound unit prefix concord e.g. Kuhle = Good. Kubi = Bad. Below we present sentence words and words with prefix ‘ku…’ Kubalulekengani loku? Why is this important? Kubalulekile. It is important. Kubangela… It causes… e.g, Ukungaphumuli kubangela isiyezi. / Insufficient rest causes dizziness. kubanzi wide
Kubanzima. / Kuya ngokuba nzima. It is getting worse. Kubengcono. It must get better. (2) It was good that …. Kubenjalo. It must be like that. Kubi. It is bad. (2) bad; not good; substandard; below standard; unsatisfactory. kubili two; 2 Kubomvu. It is red. Kububhlungu. It is painful.; It is hurting.; It is hurtful. Kucacile. It is clear. kude long, towering kudala old, aged, senior kuhlanu five; 5 Kuhle. It is good. (2) Well done.; good; satisfactory; up to standard. Kukaningi. It has often happened. kukaningi / njalo / hleze always; often; frequently e.g. Kukaningi linetha leli izulu. / This weather has often rained. Kumunandi. (UZL NC 4 & condition or environment) It is nice. ; It is delicious. Or Kumunandi lapha eGoli. / Life is good here in Johannesburg. Kumunyama. It is dark. (2) It is black. Kukangaki? How many times? e.g. Kukangaki, ngikukhuza? / How many times have I been warning you? kune four; 4 Kungaki? How many? Kungcono. It is better. Kuningi. It is too much. ; It is many. Kunjalo / ncimishi / impela it is like that Kunjani? How are you? (2) How are things? Kunje / kunje-nje / kunjenjenje it is like this Kunzima. It is hard. Kuyabonakala. It is clear. (2) It is obvious. Kuyesabeka. It is scary. ; It is frightening. (2) It is amazing. Kungaki? How many?
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Kunjani? How are you. (2) How is it? Kunini? When is it? kunye one; 1 Kuphi? Where?; Where is it? kuthathu three; 3
…kh…
Akha… akha / khanda (isenzo / verb) build, construct, develop, create, fix pboard akhandiwe fixed UZL 7 as in amakhabethe akhandiwe (fixed cupboards) ekha… ekhaleni to / at / in / from / into the nose ekhanda on the head ekhandeni to / at / in / from / into the head ekhaya (UZL NC 4) at / to / in / from / into home ikha… ikhabethe (UZL NC 2) cupboard ikhala (UZL NC 2) / impumulo (UZL NC 6) nose, nostril ikhalenda (UZL NC 6) calendar ikhalibhodi (UZL NC 2) cardboard ikhamera (UZL NC 6)/ isithwebuli (UZL NC 5) camera ikhambi (UZL NC 4)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) medicine ikhampani (UZL NC 6) company ikhampeni (UZL NC 6)/ umukhankaso / umubhidlango / umunyakazo (UZL NC 1.2) campaign, push, drive, crusade, activity, offensive, movement ikhanda (UZL NC 2) / inhloko (UZL NC 6) head ikhandlela (UZL NC 2) candle ikhasi / ipheji (UZL NC 2) page ikhasitoma / ikhasimende (UZL NC 2)/ umuthengi / umukhithizi (UZL NC 1.1) customer, client, consumer, buyer, purchaser ikhathoni (UZL NC 2) carton
ikhathuni (UZL NC 6)/ upopayi (UZL NC 1.1) cartoon ikhaya / idladla (UZL NC 2) home ukhakhayi / ugebhezi (UZL NC 3) top of the head, crown of the head okha… okhalayo a crying UZL 1.1 as in umfana okhalayo (A cruing boy) okhakhasayo a campaigning UZL 1.1 as in umumeli okhankasayo (A campaigning lawysre) ukha… ukhakhayi (UZL NC 3) crown of the head, the top part of the head ukhalazo / ukhonondo (UZL NC 3)/ isikhalazo, isikhalo (UZL NC 5) grievance, complaint, objection ukhalo (UZL NC 3) waistline; (2) veld ukhamba (UZL NC 3)/ imbiza (UZL NC 6)/ ibhodwe (UZL NC 2)/ isitsha (UZL NC 5) clay pot, pot, container, receptable, vessel ukhandapondo (UZL NC 1.1) / intelayekhanda / intela-yesiqusomuntu (UZL NC 6) head-tax; Personal Income Tax (PIT) ukhanjana (UZL NC 1.1) headpin ukhasha (UZL NC 3) / ubulacu / ubugwiqi/ ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ulacu / ukhwishikhwishi (UZL NC 3) swiftness, fastness, suddenness kha… khaba / khahlela (isenzo / verb) kick khaca / futha (isenzo / verb) yell; shout; scream at; screech at khahlaza (isenzo / verb) drop something (2) rattle something khahlazisa (isenzo / verb) rattle something khahlela / khaba (isenzo / verb) kick, foot, strike, pass khala / lila (isenzo / verb) cry khalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to cry; (2) empathise khamisa (isenzo / verb) open your mouth
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khanda / lungisa (isenzo / verb) fix, mend, patch up, repair khandela (isenzo / verb) fix for. mend for, repair for khandisa (isenzo / verb) help one to fix, (2) fix like khandisisa (isenzo / verb) fix properly, fix suitably, fix appropriately, fix thoroughly khandla / fukuzisa / sebenzisanzima (isenzo / verb) exploit, cause to toil, cause to work hard khandleka /fukuza / zabalaza / sebenza-nzima / juluka (isenzo / verb) work hard, toil, labour, struggle khandlekile (isiphawulo / adjective) feel warn out, feel extremely tired khandlwa (isenzo / verb) be made to toil, be made to work hard khangela/ bheka /bona / cinga (isenzo / verb) look, see, check (2) khangela / funa / phanda / phenya search, check, investigate khangisa (isenzo / verb) show off, display; exhibit; demonstrate khankasa / khampeyina (isenzo / verb) campaign khapha / phelezela / hambisana (isenzo / verb) accompany khathala (isenzo / verb) be tired; be exhausted khathalela / shisekela / cabangela (isenzo / verb) be concerned, be eager, be keen , be zealous, be ardent khathalelwa (isenzo / verb) have others or someone concerned or eager about you khathaza (isenzo / verb) cause to worry khathazeka / hlukumezeza / dunyazwa / phatheka kabi (isenzo / verb) be worried, be unhappy, feel sad, be saddened khathazekile (isiphawulo / adjective) worried khathazwa (isenzo / verb) be bothered by something or someone, be worried about something or someone
khathwa / gcotshwa (isenzo / verb) be smeared with something, be smothered with something khava / mboza / buyisela / hloniphisa / fihla cover, conceal, hide, disguise khawula / pheza / ima / nqamula (isenzo / verb) stop, end, cease, finish, pause akhe… akhela build for akhelanani build for one another akhele built for akhi… Akhiphe. Take out UZL 7 as in Akhiphe amanzi ebhavini. (Take the water out of the bathtub) akhisa ekhabetheni in / to / on / from / into the cu ikhe… ikhefu (UZL NC 2) / uhefane (UZL NC 1.1) pause, break ikhehla (UZL NC 2) old man ikheji (UZL NC 2)/ umugede (UZL NC 1.2) cage ikheli (UZL NC 2) address ikhekhe (UZL NC 2)/ isinkwasomubhako (UZL NC 2) cake ikhempu (UZL NC 6) / inkambu (UZL NC 6) camp, barrack, campsite (2) lobby, faction ikhephu (UZL NC 6) cap ikheshi (UZL NC 2) / ilifti (UZL NC 6) elevator, lift, escalator ikhethelo (UZL NC 2)) exclusive thing, the best choice ikhethenisi / ikhetheni (UZL NC 2) curtain okhe… okhefane apostrophies okhethekile the chosen UZL 1.1 as in umuntu okhethekile (A chosen person)
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ukhe… ukhefane (UZL NC 1.1) apostrophe (2) ukhefane / ikhefu pause ukhence (UZL NC 1.1) rattling object ukheshe (UZL NC 3)/ isipidi (UZL NC 5) swiftness; speed; fastness ukheshi (UZL NC 1.1) cash ukhethe (UZL NC 3) laminated stone ukhetho (UZL NC 3) election ukhenketho (UZL NC 3)/ ukuvakasha / ukungcebeleka (UZL NC 4) umungcebeleko (UZL NC 1.2)/ ungcebeleko (UZL NC 3)/ umavakasha (UZL NC 1.1) tourism; visit; exploration ukhezo (UZL NC 3)/ isipuni (UZL NC 5) spoon khe… khefuza / hefuzela (isenzo / verb) talk too much; breath rapidly kheceza (isenzo / verb) be rattling; be clattering, chattering, be talkative, khekhela / ikhaphezulu (isenzo / verb) highlight, accentuate, give an overview khenketha / vakasha / ngcebeleka (isenzo / verb) tour, visit, explore khetha / tomula (isenzo / verb) elect, choose khexa / dangala / mangala / dumala (isiphawulo / adjective) be dejected; be downcast, be downhearted, despondent, be disappointed; be shamefaced. kheva / qhetha (isiphawulo / adjective) idle; be slothful; be lazy; have nothing to do okhi… okhiye (UZL NC 8.1) keys ikhi… ikhilikithi (UZL NC 3) slope (2) cricket ikhishi (UZL NC 2)/ igumbikupheka (UZL NC 2) kitchen ikhiwane (UZL NC 2) fig ukhi…
ukhiqizo (UZL NC 3)/ umukhiqizo (UZL NC 1.2) produce; yield; grocery; products ukhiye (UZL NC 3)/ isihluthulelo (UZL NC 5) key uKhisimusi (UZL NC 1.1) Christmas ukhithizo (UZL NC 3) shopping khi… khihla (isenzo / verb) weep khihlika (isenzo / verb) ferment khihliza (isenzo / verb) foam, froth up khinda (isenzo / verb) wear something short khinyabeza (isenzo / verb) sabotage, impede khipha (isenzo / verb) take out, eject khithika (isiphawulo / adjective) be overcast khithiza (isenzo / verb) shop-around ikho… ikhofi (UZL NC 2) coffee ikholwa (UZL NC 2) believer ikhoma (UZLNC 1.1) comma ikhomanisi (UZL NC 2) communist ikhombandlela (UZL NC 2) guide, model, blueprint, pattern , template, archetype, prototype, sample, example, exemplar, standard, touchstone, measure, benchmark, yardstick (2) guidebook, tourist guide, travel guide, travelogue, directory, handbook, manual, ikhompyutha (UZLNC 1.1) computer ikhona (UZL NC 2) corner Ikhona. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It (They) is (are) there. ikhono (UZL NC 2) / isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) talent, aptitude, gift, ability, capacity ikhonokwenza (UZL NC 2) / isiphiwosokwenza (UZL NC 5) / ubungoti (UZL NC 8.2) skill, expertise, proficiency, competence, talent, aptitude, gift, ability, capacity ikhophi (UZL NC 6) copy; duplicate, duplication, reprint; facsimile; photocopy, carbon-copy, mimeograph, mimeo, transcript
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ikhoza / ilangabikazi (UZL NC 2) / umulilo omukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) blaze, inferno, massive-fire okho… okhokho (UZL NC 8.1) ancestors ukho… ukhokho (UZL NC 1.1) cocoa (2) ancestor, great-grand father / mother ukholo (UZL NC 3) religion, faith ukholo (UZL NC 2)/ ezenkolo (UZL NC 9) religion; religious studies; theology ukhonkolo (UZL NC 1.1) concrete uKhongolose (UZL NC 1.1) congress; (2) African National Congress ukhova / ubhanana (UZL NC 3) banana ukhozi (UZL NC 3) eagle khohlisa / dukisa / phambukisa (isenzo / verb) deceive, lie to, swindle, cheat, defraud, mislead, misrepresent, misinform kho… khohlwa / libala (isenzo / verb) forget khokha (isenzo / verb) pay khokhela (isenzo / verb) pay someone (2) khokhela / fundisa / bonisa / khulisa / phucula teach, enlighten, sophisticate, educate, edify khokhisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to pay; demand payment kholelwa (isenzo / verb) believe in, have faith kholwa (isenzo / verb)believe khomba (isenzo / verb) point, indicate, gesture towards khombisa / tshengisa / bonisa (isenzo / verb) show to someone, indicate to, point out to, demonstrate khona (isenzo / verb) there khona–le (isenzo / verb) there far away khononda (isenzo / verb) complain khonga (isenzo / verb) represent groom and negotiate on his behalf with the bride’s family khonkotha (isenzo / verb) bark
khophoza / gebisa-ikhanda (isenzo / verb) bow one’s head khonza (isenzo / verb) send regards; worship khonzela (isenzo / verb) send regards to, pass best wishes to khotha (isenzo / verb) lick ekhu… ekhukhwini (undaweni / locative) in / into the pocket ekhuphukayo a climbing UZL 6 as in imoto ekhuphukayo (A climbing car) ekhuphukile increased UZL 6 as in indlu ekhuphukile (An increased house)) ikhu… ikhukhu / iphakethe (UZL NC 2) pocket ikhulu (UZL NC 2) one hundred, 100 ikhuphoni (UZL NC 2) coupon okhu… okhuphukayo an ascending / steep UZL 1.1 or UZL 1.2 as in umuqansi okhuphukayo (an uphill) ukhu… ukhula (UZL NC 3) weed ukhulu (UZL NC 3) great-grandmother or father ukhuni (UZL NC 3) firewood, wood khuba / khribha (isenzo / verb) trip, make one to lose balance khu… khubazeka (isiphawulo / adjective) be crippled, be physically impaired, be disabled khukhumala / vuvukala / futheka (isenzo / verb) swell, expand, expand, buldge, grow, become, inflate, become bigger, baloon khukhumele (isiphawulo / adjective) swallon, big, bigger, inflated khukhumeza (isenzo / verb) inflate with conceit
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khukhumalisa / futha / vuvukalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to inflate, make it bigger, make it rise e.g. Awukhukhumalise inhlama / Make the dough to rise khula / chuma (isenzo / verb) grow; develop khuleka / thandaza (isenzo / verb) pray khulelisa / mithisa / zalisa (isenzo / verb) impregnate khulelwa / mitha / lindela umuntwana (isenzo / verb) be pregnant khulile / …ndala, …dala (isiphawulo / adjective) old, mature, aged …khulu / …nkulu (isiphawulo / adjective) big, massive, large, huge khulula (isenzo / verb) free khuluma (isenzo / verb) speak; talk khulumela (isenzo / verb)) mediate, speak on behalf of someone; complain khulumela-safuthi (isiphawulo / adjective) talk-too much; be talkative khulumisa / xoxisa / khulumisana / xoxisana / bonisana (isenzo / verb) talk to, speak to, speak with, talk with, discuss with, seek counsel from khuluphala / nona (isenzo / verb) be fat khuma (isenzo / verb) eat dry food without liquid khumula (isenzo / verb) undress, take clothes off khumbula (isenzo / verb) remember khumbulile (isiphawulo / adjective) remembered khumbuza (isenzo / verb) remind khumbuzile (isiphawulo / adjective) reminded khumbuzwa / khunjuzwa (isenzo / verb) be reminded khunjuliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) remembered khunjulwa (isenzo / verb) be remembered khunga (isenzo / verb) shower with gifts or presents khungatheka (isiphawulo / adjective) be surprised; be amazed; astonish khunta (isiphawulo / adjective) be stale; be rotten; be off (2) be stuffy
khuphuka / nyuka (isenzo / verb) go up, increase, climb up khuphukile / biza / dula / bizisiwe / dulisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) increased, went up (2) climbed up, ascended khuphula / khuphukisa (isenzo / verb) take up, increase (2) nyusa make it louder (3) khuphula / nyusa / gibelisa / cokamisa lift up khushulwa (isenzo / verb) be promoted khuthala (isenzo / verb)be industrious khuthaza (isenzo / verb) encourage khuza (isenzo / verb) give warning; alert
…khr…
ikhrasti (UZL NC 6) crust ikhrantshi (UZL NC 6) crunch ikhrayoni (UZL NC 6) crayon uKhrestu / uJesu (UZL NC 1.1) Christ ikhrisi (UZL NC 6) a line on the ironed dress, shirt, pants etc. ukhrimu (UZL NC 1.1) cream ikhromu (UZL NC 6) soccer or rugby boot amakhromu (UZL NC 7) soccer or rugby boots ikhru (UZL NC 6)/ ujenge / udwendwe (UZL NC 3)/ abaphelezeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikhaphi (UZL NC 9) crew
…khw…
Ikhwa… ikhwapha (UZLNC 2) armpit ikhwaya (UZLNC 6) choir okhwa… okhwapheni (UZL NC 8.1) secret lovers ukhwa…. ukhwabaniso / uhwiphilizo (UZLNC 3)/ ukukhwabanisa (UZLNC 4) corruption, fraud ukhwabalani / uxovekongqondo (UZLNC 3 (UZLNC 4)) depression ukhwapheni scret lover
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khwa… khwabanisa (isenzo / verb) defraud; solicit bribe; be corrupt khwaza shout ikhwe… ikhwezi (UZL NC 3) the morning star, Venus ukhwe… ukhwekhe (UZL NC 3) cutaneous itching ukhwezomali / utshalomali / ugcinomali / ukhulisomali (UZLNC 3) investment khwe… khwehlela (isenzo / verb) cough khweleta / khweleza (isenzo / verb) be possessive, be jealous khwexela / khwengxela (isenzo / verb) settle comfortably, position appropriately, create balance, lift up khweza / londoloza (isenzo / verb) store, deposit, save, keep safe (2) preserve khwezela / phephetha (isenzo / verb) blow, incite, ignite, keep the fire burning ikhwi… ikhwifi (UZL N 2) speckle, small spot, tiny spot khwibiza / sabisa (isenzo / verb) scare away khwica (isenzo / verb) tuck in khwifa (isenzo / verb) spit, (2) impress khwishiza / khushuza (isenzo / verb) be restless (2) khwishiza / tatazela be busy
…kl…
iklabishi (UZLNC 2) cabbage uklayo (UZLNC 2) demarcation klabha / canda / nquma (isenzo / verb) chop, split, cut, slaughter klamuza (isenzo / verb) chew something crunchy, sound of something crunchy klamuzela (isiphawulo / adjective) crunchy
klaya / sika (isenzo / verb) demarcate, cut, perform an act of cutting and allocating land uklebe / uheshe (UZLNC 1.1) (inyoni) hawk (bird) klebhu ibomvu klephu okwegazi / it is as red as blood (b) Ubomvu klephu. / S/He is bloody or is soaking in blood klebhula / dabula / sika (isenzo / verb) tear, cut klebhukile / dabukile (isiphawulo / adjective) torned klela / klelisa / layinisa (isenzo / verb) arrange in a line klibhi! / klibhi! Klolo / Khlibhi! Dade Good gracious!, humph! klunyula / sonta (isenzo / verb) strangle
...klw…
iklwa (UZLNC 2) / umukhonto (UZLNC 1.2) spear klwebha (isenzo / verb) scratch klwibhiza / xikiza / klweba / bhala amahliphihliphi (isenzo / verb) scribble, scratch, write hurriedly, write nonsense
…kw…
akwa… (UZLNC 7) They are at … Akwami. (prefix ‘a’ = UZLNC 7 + possessive) They are at my house. Akwakhe. (prefix ‘a’ = UZLNC 7 + possessive) They are at his / her house. Akwande. May it multiply. Ikwa… (UZLNC 6 & 10) it is at ikwabo (UZLNC 2) their house ikwakhe (UZLNC 2) his/ her house or place Ikwami. It is at my house. Ikwakhe. (UZLNC 6 or 10: 1.1 ) it is at her house. ikwami (UZLNC 2) /umuzi wami (UZLNC 1.2) my house Ikwami. (prefix ‘i’ = UZLNC 6 or UZL NC 10 + possessive) It is at my house., They are at my house. okwatapheya (UZLNC 8.1) avocado pears
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ukwala / ukuphikisa / ukunqaba / ukungamukeli (UZLNC 4) refusal, nonacceptance, disapproval, rejection, denial ukwaliwa (UZLNC 4) to be rejected, to be be dismissed, to be no longer wanted ukwaneliswa / ukweneliswa / ukugculiseka / ukugezeka inhliziyo (UZLNC 4) satisfaction, contentment / fulfillment / gratification / delight ukwanda / ukukhula / ukuchuma (UZLNC 4)/ uchumo (UZLNC 3) expansion, growth, growing, flourishing, profusion, abundance ukwanga (UZLNC 4) hugging, embracing ukwatapheya (UZLNC 1.1) avocado pear kwapuna (isenzo / verb) scoop kwata / dinwa / thukuthela / thelwa ngamanzi (isenzo / verb) be angry ukwena (UZLNC 4) / isikhotha (UZLNC 5) overgrowth of garden or field, ukwenama / ukwesasa / ukujabula / ukuthonoza (UZLNC 4) happiness, joy, gladness ukwenanele / ukulalela (UZLNC 4) listening ukwenza / ukuhlolwa (UZLNC 4) / umusebenzi (UZLNC 1.2)/ ukhulisokhono / ukhulisolwazi / uhlolokhono / uhlololwazi / uhlolokwenza / uhlolomfundiso (UZLNC 3) / ufundisosakwenza / uhlolo (UZLNC 3) / imfundisokwenza (UZLNC 6) to do, doing, practicals, activity, experienment, test, examinination, inspection, evaluation, assessment, appraisal (2) ukwenza to do, to implement, implementation ukwelapha / ukunyaka / ukudokotela / ukunesa / ukuhlenga / ukuphilisa / ukusindisa (UZL NC 4) healing, nursing, medicating ukwenzela / ukusiza / ukulekelela (UZLNC 4) to do something for someone, to help someone, to give favour to
ukwenzelela (UZLNC 4) to do something gudgingly ukwenzelana (UZLNC 4) to help one another, to reciprocate, to return favour (2) ukwenzelana / ukukwazelana / ukuhlabisana / ukufakana favour, favouritism, nepotism, patronage ukwenzisa (UZLNC 4) do make others practice, to engage others on the activity to prove competency, to stimulate, to prompt, to activate ukwenzelwa (UZLNC 4) to be done a favour, ukwenzisisa (UZLNC 4) to perform thoroughly, thoroughness, meticulousness, efficiency, professionalism kweleta (isenzo / verb) take on credit, loan, credit, advance kweletisa (isenzo / verb) allow to take on credit, lease, lend kwenza / kudala / kuholela / kulidela (UZL NC 4) causes, leads to, creates, manifests into kwitiza (isenzo / verb) speak foreign language, speak incomprehensible language, talk illogically
…l…
Ala… ala / nqaba / phika / chitha (isenzo / verb) refuse, deny, oppose, reject ale… ale UZL 7 of there (far away) ali… aliwa (isenzo / verb) be rejected, be dismissed, be no longer wanted aliswa / nyanya (isenzo / verb) feel dislike towards something ela… elapha / sindisa / nyanga (isenzo /verb) heal, medicate, cure, soothe elangeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / at / from / into the sun
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ila… ilahle (UZL NC 2) coal ilambu (UZL NC 2) lamp ilanga (UZL NC 2) sun (2) ilanga (UZL NC 2) / usuku (UZL NC 2) / imini (UZL NC 6)/ umuhla (UZL NC 1.2) day ilangabi (UZL NC 2) flame, inferno ilava (UZL NC 6) lava ula… ulaka (UZL NC 3) fury, outrage, repugnance, abhorrence, aversion, enragement, exasperation, la… lahla (isenzo /verb) throw-away lahleka (isenzo /verb) get lost lahlela (isenzo /verb) take a chance; guess lahlekisa (isenzo /verb) mislead lahlekelwa (isenzo / verb) lose something lahlisa / dukisa mislead, misrepresent, give wrong advice lahliswa (isenzo /verb) be misled lala (isenzo /verb) sleep laliswa (isenzo /verb) be admitted; be made to sleep; be sedated lalela (isenzo /verb) listen lamanisa (isenzo /verb) fall pregnant again lamula (isenzo /verb) mediate; arbitrate; reconcile lamba (isenzo /verb) be hungry lambatha (isenzo /verb) be empty handed lambile (isiphawulo / adjective) being hungry landa (isenzo /verb) tell-on (2) fetch landela (isenzo /verb) follow landelela (isenzo /verb) follow up, monitor progress landelanisa (isenzo /verb) line up, arrange chronologically, arrange systematically landelwa (isenzo /verb) be followed landisa / chaza (isenzo /verb) tell a story, explain; describe landula (isenzo /verb) deny
landulela refuse on behalf of (2) foretell landwa (isenzo /verb) be fetched langaza / qaleka (isenzo /verb) crave lapha / sindisa / nyanga / vusa ekuguleni / nika amakhathakhatha okuphila / nika iselapho (isenzo /verb) heal, doctor, medicate, treat, minister lapha here laphaya / lapho (budebuduze) there laphayana over there very far lapho there (not so far away) layela (isenzo /verb) give someone directions layeka (isenzo /verb) ‘drink own medicine’ layisha (isenzo /verb) load layitha / khanyisa (isenzo /verb) light laza / hluleka (isenzo /verb) fail ule… ulengiso (UZL NC 3) / isilengiso / isigwebo (UZL NC 5) sentencing, prison sentence, punishment, convinction ulevo (UZL NC 3)/ umulevo (UZL NC 1.2) a boring tale le… lekelela (isenzo /verb) support lelesa / gebenga / gqekeza / hlukumeza (isenzo /verb) commit crime, harrass others or someone, break-in, violate lengisa (isenzo /verb) hang letha / zisa (isenzo /verb) bring lethela (isenzo /verb) bring for lethelwa (isenzo /verb) be brought something leleza / gcweleza (isenzo /verb) harass, persecute, bedevil, pester (2) commit crime lenga (isenzo /verb) hang lengisa (isenzo /verb) let hang, loosen ali… aliwa / chithwa (isenzo /verb) be rejected, be dumped, be dismissed
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(2) aliwa / ngavumelani / ngahambisani = be allergic, versed to, be opposed by, be rejected by , be hostile to (a) aliwa unyaka= experience misfortunes in that year (2) aliwa isisu look ugly during pregnancy, be sickly during pregnancy (3) aliwa inyama ebomvu = be allergic to red meat (4) aliwa indawo = undergo a lot of unpleasant experiences in a particular area (5) aliwa izulu = be sickly during the specific time of a weather season eli… eli … adjective noun concord for UZL NC 2 nouns e.g. ilanga elibi / bad day elihle the beautiful one UZL NC 2 e.g. ibhodwe elihle (a beautiful pot) ilibaziso (UZL NC 2) anything that causes delay ilida (UZL NC 6)/ umuholi (UZL NC1.1) leader ilifa / ifa (UZL NC 2) inheritance (2) skin growth ilifu / ifu (UZL NC 2) cloud ilihlo / ihlo (UZL NC 2) eye ilima (UZL NC 2) communal cultivation ilinda (UZL NC 2) successor ilindiso (UZL NC 2) succession ilinganiso (UZL NC 2) estimate, measurement ilitha (UZL NC 2) litre iliwa / iwa / idwala (UZL NC 2) cliff, ridge, hill, fall ilizwe / izwe (UZL NC 2) country, nation uli… ulilizelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukukikiza / ukikizo (UZL NC 4) ululation ulibaziso (UZL NC 3) temporal measure ulibalo / ukukhohlwa (UZL NC 4) forgetfulness ulilizo (UZL NC 3)/ ukukikiza (UZL NC 4) ullulation ulimi (UZL NC 3) language, ulimu (UZL NC 3) tongue
ulinganiso (UZL NC 3)/ ilinganiso (UZL NC 2) measurement, estimation ulingiso (UZL NC 3)/ umukopelo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukwenza-engathithi (UZL NC 4) imitation, ulingo (UZL NC 3) provocation ulizwi / unembeza (UZL NC 1.1) / igama (UZL NC 2) / into-ethi (UZL NC 6) conscience, the name of the Lord li… libala / shiywa isikhathi (isenzo /verb) delay, be held up (2) libala / khohlwa forget, fail to remember libale libalile forgotten libazisa (isenzo /verb) cause someone to delay (2) keep company (3) treat symptoms libazisiwe made or cause to delay by someone or something libaziswa be delayed by someone or something libaziswe delayed by libele forget libi / limbi (UZL NC 2) ugly, bad, horrible, terrible (2) It is ugly. lima (isenzo /verb) plough limala (isenzo /verb) be injured, be hurt limalela be injured for, be hurt for limalile injured, hurt limalisa cause someone or something to be injured, hurt, wounded or broken limaza (isenzo /verb) injure, hurt limazana injure one another limazene injured one another limazile caused injury / hurt limazisa (isenzo /verb) cause to injure limazisisa curtail temporality as in treating sympomps or numbing the pain limazwe injured by limele injured linda (isenzo /verb) wait lindela (isenzo /verb) anticipate; participate in night vigil lindeka be expected to do something
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lindelekile expected lindelana wait for each other lindelwa be expected, be anticipated lindelwe expected, anticipated, predicted, projected lindisa (isenzo /verb) wait for ; lindisisa wait for very long lindiswa be assisted in one’s wait lindiswe assisted by in the wait Lindiwe awaited, expected, anticipated, forseen, lindwa be waited for lindwe waited for linga (isenzo /verb) tempt; entice; coerce, influence badly linganisa (isenzo /verb) try on; fit on (2) imitate lingeka (isenzo /verb) be tempted lingene (isiphawulo / adjective) fit appropriately, equal lingisa (isenzo /verb) imitate; emulate; copy; mimic lingwa be tempted by, be provoked by elo… elo…. UZL 2 is for elondolo at / in / from / to the laundry ilo… ilondolo (UZL NC 2) laundry; dry-clean olofu loaves olova loiters ulo… ulofu (UZL NC 1.1) loaf ulova (UZL NC 1.1) loiter, linger uloyiso / usatshiso (UZL NC 3)/ ukwesatshiswa (UZL NC 4) intimidation loba / bhala / shicilela (isenzo /verb) write; author; chronicle lobela / bhalela write for lobelisa / bhalisa lobola (isenzo /verb) pay ‘bride price’ (bride perfunctory, bride family token of appreciation)
lobolela pay bride token of appreciation for lobolelwa have bride token of appreciation paid one’s behalf loboliswa be assisted to pay bride token of appreciation lolonga (isenzo /verb) refine, fine-tune, perfect lolongeka be refinenable, be mouldeable, lolongekile refined lolongela refine for lolonge refined lolongisa help another to refine lolongisisa help another to refine londoloza / khweza (isenzo /verb) keep safe, archive, safe storage, preserve londolezela store for, keep safe for londolozelelwa have something kept or stored on one’s behalf londoloziwe stored, kept safe lotsholwa (isenzo /verb) have ‘bride price’ paid for you lotsholiwe have bride token of appreciation paid in full lotsholwe have bride token of appreciation paid in full by alu… alungile kind UZL 7 elu… elungeni to / at / from / to the member or branch ilu… ilunga (UZL NC 2) member (2) ilunga / igatsha branch (3) ilunga segment ilukuluku ilulwane / uthathekile gullible person ilumbo / isifo socansi sexually transmitted disease ilungelo (UZL NC 2) a right, right, entitlement, privilege ilungiselelo (UZL NC 2) preparation ilungiso / ukulungisa correction
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lu… lula / nweba / andisa (isenzo /verb) straighten, stretch, elongate, make longer, prolong, lengthen lulama / phila / phola recover, heal lulamile recovered, healed lulamisiwe / pljilisiwe / pholisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) helped to recover, been healed lulaza / diciza isithunzi / phoxa ((isenzo /verb) jeopardise; put in danger; put at risk lulaze embarrassed e.g. Umfana ululaze igama lami lulazile / dicizile isithunzi / phoxile embrarrassed e.g. Umfana ulilulazile igama lami. luleka / cebisa / bonisa (isenzo /verb) advise, guide ( lulekile / cebisile / bonisile (isiphawulo / adjective) advised, guided, counselled lulekwa / cebiswa/ boniswa be advised, be guided, be counselled lulela straighten for lulile straightened lulwa be straightened lunga (isenzo /verb) be kind; be polite; be approachable; be righteous lungela (isenzo /verb) be fit for, be ready for, be equipped for lungile (isiphawulo / adjective) kind lungisa (isenzo /verb) sort out; makeright; straighten, fix, correct lungisela prepare for lungiselela (isenzo /verb) prepare lungisisisa / qoqisisisa prepare thoroughly, be efficient, be meticulous lungisiwe fixed, prepared, corrected lungiswa be corrected, be fixed
...lw…
Alwa… alwayo (UZL NC 7) fighting ones elwa…
elwayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) a / the fighting one ilwa… ilwa / qophisana / zwananiizikhwepha / xab1ana / biza esitikini (isenzo /verb) fight, quarrel, have an argument, confront olwa… olwabo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 8.1) It is theirs. olwakhe (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3: Object Noun = UZL NC 1.1- human noun) It is his or hers. olwalo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 2 & 3) It is its… . olwako (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 4) It is theirs. olwakho (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second person: singular) It is yours. olwami (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = first person singular) It is mine. olwandle in / at / from / to the sea olwangeni in / at / to / from the palate olwaso (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 5) It is its/ hers/ his. olwawo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 1.1 – non-human noun, 1.2, 7) It is theirs. olwayo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 6 & 10) It is theirs. olwazo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 9) It is theirs. ulwa… ulwandle (UZL NC 3) sea ulwanga (UZL NC 3) palate, roof of the mouth ulwazi (UZL NC 3) knowledge lwa… lwabo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 8.1) their …. lwakhe (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3: Object Noun = UZL NC 1.1- human noun) its, his or hers. lwalo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 2 & 3) Its … .
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lwako (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 4) its lwakho (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second person: singular) your. lwami (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = first person singular) my lwaso (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 5) its lwawo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 1.1 – non-human noun, 1.2, 7) It is their lwayo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 6 & 10) Its; their lwazo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 9) their olwe…. olwenu (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second person: plural) It is yours . olwethu (Subject noun = UZL NC 3; object noun; ours ) It is ours. ulwe… ulwebu (UZL NC 2) very thin material uLwesibili (UZL NC 3) Tuesday uLwesithathu (UZL NC 3) Wednesday uLwesine (UZL NC 3) Thursday uLwesihlanu (UZL NC 3) Friday ulwembu (UZL NC 3) spider-web uLwezi (UZL NC 3) Lunar month, October (2) lunar eclipse lwenu (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second person:
your lwethu (Subject noun = UZL NC 3; object noun; ours ) our plural)
…m…
ama… ama… (UZL NC 7) = plural prefix for UZL NC 7 nouns e.g. iqanda (UZL NC 2)/ egg = amaqanda / eggs. All singular nouns from UZL NC 2 relocate to UZL NC 7 when in plural and assume prefix ama…
amabala (UZL NC 7) spots amabalabala (UZL NC 7) multiple spots amabalelo (UZL NC 7) / izintingo (UZL NC 7) building buttons amabalengwe (UZL NC 7) leopard spots, panther spots amabali (UZL NC 7) / izinganekwane (UZL NC 9) stories, folktale stories amabanga (UZL NC 7) distances (2) grades amabele (UZL NC 7) breasts amabizo (UZL NC 7) names, nouns amabizwana (UZL NC 7) pronouns amabomu (UZL NC 7) deliberate deeds amaboni / amaqhwagi / amadiya (UZL NC 7)/ isikhonyane (UZL NC 5) locusts amabululu (UZL NC 7) puff-arders amabutho / amasosha (UZL NC 7) / ibutho (UZL NC 2) / impi (UZL NC 6) regiment, battalion, brigade, commando, platoon, detachment, army, soldiers, fighters amabhadi / amashwa (UZL NC 7) / isikhwakhwalala / isichitho / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5)/ ubumunyama (UZL NC 8.2) misfortnes, bad lucks amabhakede (UZL NC 7) buckets amabhala (UZL NC 7) wheelbarrows amabhalunda (UZL NC 7) balloons amabhamuza / amabhanyaza / amapinayi (UZL NC 7) swellings, buldges amabhanitshawu (UZL NC 7) bunnychows amabhanisi (UZL NC 7) buns amabhanoyi (UZL NC 7)/ izindiza (UZL NC 9) aeroplanes, flights, aircrafts amabhande (UZL NC 7) belts amabhange / amabhenki (UZL NC 7)/ izikhungohwebomali (UZL NC 9) banks, financial institutions amabhasi (UZL NC 7) / izithuthi (UZL NC 9) buses amabhathini / amabalela (UZL NC 7) buttons amabhayisikili (UZL NC 7) bicycles amabhentshi (UZL NC 7) benches amabheshu (UZL NC 7) male leather skirts
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amabhikawozi (UZL NC 7) bakeries amabhini (UZL NC 7) / imigqomodoti (UZL NC 10) bins, rubbish bins, thrash cans amabhokisi (UZL NC 7) boxes amabhokisimingcwabo / amakhofini / amakhasikhethe (UZL NC 7) coffins amabhubesi (UZL NC 7) lions amabhuku (UZL NC 7)/ izincwadi (UZL NC 9)books amabhukukhesi (UZL NC 7) book-cases amabhukwana (UZL NC 7)/ izincwajana (UZL NC 9) booklets amabhuloho / amabriji (UZL NC 7) bridges amabhulukwe (UZL NC 7) pants, trousers amaBhunu (UZL NC 7) Boers amabhungezi (UZL NC 7) beatles amabhungu (UZL NC 7) young men amaBhusimani / amaKhaladi / amaKhoyikhoyi / amaKhoyiSani (UZL NC 7) Bushmen (derogatory) coloureds, Khoi-khoi, Khoi-San amabhutshi (UZL NC 7) boots, gumboots amabhuthi (UZL NC 7) booths amabrashi (UZL NC 7) brushes amableki (UZL NC 7) brakes amabreki / amableki (UZL NC 7) brakes amacala (UZL NC 7) sides (2) cases, court cases, allegations amacebo / amaqhinga / imiqondo (UZL NC 7) ideas, strategies, plans amacephe (UZL NC 7) / izinkezo / izipuni (UZL NC 9) spoons, teaspoons amacembe / amakhasi (UZL NC 7) leaves amacici (UZL NC 7) earings amaciko (UZL NC 7) / imizwilili (UZL NC 10) songstresses, singers, vocalists, soloists, crooners, warblers, melodists amaconsi (UZL NC 7) drops, droppings amaculo (UZL NC 7) songs amachaphazi (UZL NC 7) blood spatter amachopho (UZL NC 7) nail filers
amachwane / amaphuphu (UZL NC 7) fledging, baby fowls, nestlings, young birds, baby birds amadada (UZL NC 7) ducks amadadla (UZL NC 7) gumboots amadamu (UZL NC 7) dams amadayimane (UZL NC 7) diamonds amadela (UZL NC 7)/ izilaha (UZL NC 9) abattoirs amadevana (UZL NC 7) budding moushache amadevu (UZL NC 7) moustache amadevukazi (UZL NC 7) long well mannered moustache amadidi (UZL NC 7) rectums amadikiza / amagxikiza (UZL NC 7) old unmarried women amadimoni (UZL NC 7) demons amadividi (UZL NC 7) compact discs, a music or action storage discs amadiye (UZL NC 7) locusts amadoda (UZL NC 7) men amadodana (UZL NC 7) sons amadodakazi (UZL NC 7) daughters amadokodo (UZL NC 7) case files amadolo (UZL NC 7) knees amadolobha (UZL NC 7) cities, towns amadolobhana (UZL NC 7) small towns, rural towns amadube (UZL NC 7) zebras amaduku (UZL NC 7) handketchiefs (2) head scarfs amadumbe (UZL NC 7) madumbes, tubers, type of potatoe called idumbe part of Arum-lily family amadundu (UZL NC 7) cliffs, ridges, escarpments, bluffs amadlabha / amanuku / amavaka (UZL NC 7) filthy people, dirty people, untidy people amadlamubuso / amakholoniyalisti / amahlwithamubuso / amahlikizamubuso / amavukelamubuso (UZL NC 7) colonisers, insurgents, rebels, guerillas, revolutionaries
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amadlebe (UZL NC 7)/ izindlebe (UZL NC 9) ears amadlelo (UZL NC 7)/ izigange (UZL NC 9) velds, wild amadliwa / amabhimbi (UZL NC 7) inarticulate people, illogical people (2) failures amadlozi / amathongo / amathonga (UZL NC 7) abangasekho ancestors, guardian angels, departed souls amadwala (UZL NC 7) rocks amafa (UZL NC 7) inheritances amafemu / amafektri (UZL NC 7)/ izimboni (UZL NC 9) factories, manufacturing plants, industries, manufacturing firms amafeni (UZL NC 7) ferns amafindo (UZL NC 7) knots amafosi (UZL NC 7) shoe laces amafosholo (UZL NC 7) spades amafu (UZL NC 7) clouds amafuhlufuhlu (UZL NC 7) mess amafutha(UZL NC 7) fat amaflawa (UZL NC 7)/ izimbali (UZL NC 9) flowers amagabade clods, soil lumbs amagama (UZL NC 7) names, nouns amaganyana / amagama ayiziswani (UZL NC 7) slurs, abusive remarks, insults, aspersions, disparagements amagamfu (UZL NC 7) segments amagebhugebhu (UZL NC 7) uneven surface amagemu (UZL NC 7)/ imidlalo (UZL NC 10) games amaginsa (UZL NC 7) car thieves amaginsi (UZL NC 7) stolen vehicles amagogogo (UZL NC 7) empty drums, empty tin containers amagugu (UZL NC 7) precious things amagula (UZL NC 7) calabashes amaguncu (UZL NC 7) rotten eggs amagciwane (UZL NC 7) germs, viruses amaglasi (UZL NC 7)/ izingilazi (UZL NC 9) glasses
amaglavu / amagilavu (UZL NC 7) gloves amaglobhu (UZL NC 7) globes, bulbs amagrebhisi (UZL NC 7) grapes amagrosa (UZL NC 7) groceries amagqubu (UZL NC 7) grudges amagquma (UZL NC 7) dunes, mounds, hillocks amagqwabi (UZL NC 7) light cotton material, light, muslin amagqwetha (UZL NC 7)/ abameli (UZL NC 8.1) lawyers, solicitors, barristers-inlaw amagwababa (UZL NC 7) white neck ravens amagwala (UZL NC 7) cowards amagwebu (UZL NC 7) bubbles amagwegwe (UZL NC 7) croocked things amagwelo (UZL NC 7) / ukwebuza (UZL NC 4) shredding of skin amagwenya / amathansela (UZL NC 7) tonsils amagwinya (UZL NC 7) fat cookies amagxolo (UZL NC 7) tree balks, species of small wild plants amahawu (UZL NC 7) shields amahewu (UZL NC 7) maize-meal juice amahuzu / amaqili (UZL NC 7) sly people, swindlers, tricksters, impostors, liars, charlans amahhansi (UZL NC 7) turkeys amahhashi (UZL NC 7) horses amahholo (UZL NC 7) halls amahhontshi (UZL NC 7)/ imigede (UZL NC 10) hidden places amahlaba (UZL NC 7)/ izibhobo (UZL NC 9) sharp pains, shooting pains, stabbing pains (2) amahlabasisu stomach cramps amahlathi (UZL NC 7) forests, bushes amahlawulo (UZL NC 7)/ izinhlawulo (UZL NC 9) fines, penalties, damages, forfeits amahlaya (UZL NC 7) jokes, funny stories amahlayihlayi (UZL NC 7)/ uhlwayi (UZL NC 7) particles
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amahlazo (UZL NC 7) disgrace, dishonor, shame, ignomity, degradation, scandals, outrage amahlebezi (UZL NC 7)/ inzwabethi (UZL NC 6)gossip, hearsay amahleza (UZL NC 7) mielie cobs amahlibhasi / amasandali (UZL NC 7)/ izimbadada (UZL NC 9)sandals, open shoes amahliphihliphi (UZL NC 7) scratchy writing amahlombe (UZL NC 7) shoulders amahloni (UZL NC 7)/ inhloni (UZL NC 6)/ izinhloni (UZL NC 9) shyness, reservedness, introversion, timidness amahlongandlebe (UZL NC 7) deviants, mavericks, misfits amahlubuka (UZL NC 7) splinter groups (b) factionalists, deviators, deviants amahluli (UZL NC 7) blood clots amahwanqa (UZL NC 7) moustaches amajalidi (UZL NC 7) compounds, yards (2) places of white people where black African domestic workers work amajaqamba (UZL NC 7) cramps, muscular pain, stiffness, amajekhiphothi (UZL NC 7) jackpots amajele (UZL NC 7) prisons, jails amajika (UZL NC 7) corners, curves , bends amajikijolo (UZL NC 7) blackberries, rasperies amajoyinti / amathaveni / amashibhi tarvens, sheebeens amajoni / amasosha / amasotsha (UZL NC 7) soldiers amajongosi / amatshitshi / amantombazane / amaqhikiza (UZL NC 7) young women, girls amajuba (UZL NC 7) doves amajusi (UZL NC 7) juices amajwaphu (UZL NC 7) foreskins amakaka (UZL NC 7) baby stool, baby faeces
amakamu (UZL NC 7)/ izicwalinwele / izichwayo / izichwayonwele (UZL NC 9)combs amakani (UZL NC 7) cans amakati (UZL NC 7)/ omangobe (UZL NC 8.1) cats amakepisi (UZL NC 7) caps amakewu / amadada (UZL NC 7) ducks amakinati / amantongomane (UZL NC 7) peanuts, nuts amakiwi (UZL NC 7) kiwi fruits amakopi / amathini (UZL NC 7) tins, empty tins, empty small tin containers amakota / amakwata (UZL NC 7) quarters amaKula (UZL NC 7) derogatory name for Indians amakha / iphefyumu (UZL NC 7) perfume, beautiful smell, pleasant smell amakhala (UZL NC 7)/ izimpumulo (UZL NC 9) noses, nostrils amakhandlela (UZL NC 7)/ izibani (UZL NC 9) candles amakhathakhatha (UZL NC 7) medicine concoctions amakhambi (UZL NC 7)/imithi (UZL NC 10)/ izelapho (UZL NC 9) medication amakhaya (UZL NC 7) homes, residences, homesteads (2) amakhaya (UZL NC 7)/ izabelo (UZL NC 9)/ amaphandle (UZL NC 7) rural homes amakhehla / amaxhegu (UZL NC 7) old men amakhekhe (UZL NC 7) cakes amakhemisi (UZL NC 7) pharmacys, chemists, medicine dispensaries amakhethenisi (UZL NC 7) curtains amakhishi (UZL NC 7) kitchens amakholwa (UZL NC 7) believers, Christians amakhompyutha (UZL NC 7) computers amakhona (UZL NC 7) corners (2) cornices amakhosana (UZL NC 7) sons
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amakhosazane (UZL NC 7)/ omafungwase (UZL NC 8.1)first born daughters amakhosi (UZL NC 7) chiefs, traditional leaders (2) amakhosi (UZL NC 7)/ izinyanya (UZL NC 9) ancestors amakhosikazi (UZL NC 7) wives; married women amakhubalo (UZL NC 7)/ imithi (UZL NC 10)/ izintelezi / izimilakwelapha / izelaphi (UZL NC 9) medicinal plants amakhukhu(UZL NC 7) pockets amakhramuzi (UZL NC 7)/ izimvuthu (UZL NC 9) crumbs amakhreshi (UZL NC 7)/ izinkulisa (UZL NC 9) crèches, nursery, childrens’ nurseries, pre-schools amakhrisi (UZL NC 7) creases amakhromu (UZL NC 7) soccer or ruby boots amakhwapha (UZL NC 7) armpits amakhwaya (UZL NC 7) choirs amakhwelo (UZL NC 7) announcemments amakhwenkwe (UZL NC 7)/ abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) small boys, uncircumcised boys amaklabishi (UZL NC 7) cabbages amaklebhuklembu / amanikiniki (UZL NC 7) shabby clothing amakloza (UZL NC 7) people who love meat, omnivores amaklumuklumu (UZL NC 7) cruchy foods amaklwibhiklwibhi (UZL NC 7) scratches, shabby writing amakwitikwiti (UZL NC 7) hysteria, frency amalahle (UZL NC 7) charcoals amalambu (UZL NC 7) lambs amalambumigwaqo / amarobhothi (UZL NC 7) robots, traffic lights amalangabi (UZL NC 7) flames amalengiso (UZL NC 7) distinction, excellence amalivilivi (UZL NC 7) frills amalogo (UZL NC 7) logos
amalokwe (UZL NC 7) dresses, female clothes amalulwane (UZL NC 7)/ iziqhuthamadlebe (UZL NC 9) bats (2) disobedient people amalunga (UZL NC 7) segments, parts, portions (2) members amalungelo (UZL NC 7) rights amamephu / amabalazwe (UZL NC 7) maps amaminithi (UZL NC 7) minutes amamophu (UZL NC 7) mops amanakanaka (UZL NC 7) scruffy things amanephunephu (UZL NC 7) tattered things or people amanikiniki (UZL NC 7) shabby clothes amanono / amaqhathansipho / amagcokama (UZL NC 7) very clean people, extremely clean people, organized people amanuku / amaxebe (UZL NC 7) very dirty people, very filthy people amancane (UZL NC 7) small ones, tiny ones, little ones amancinyane / amancuncuncu (UZL NC 7) tiniest things amancoko / amahlaya (UZL NC 7) jokes amancushuncushu (UZL NC 7) / incushuncushu (UZL NC 6) powdery particles, crumbs amaNdebele (UZL NC 7) Ndebeles, isiNdebele people amaNdiya (UZL NC 7) Indians amandla (UZL NC 7) power; energy; authority amanga / amaphonsiso (UZL NC 7) lies, untruths amaNgisi (UZL NC 7) English people, Britons amangongwane (UZL NC 7) arthritis amangcwaba / amathuna (UZL NC 7) graves, tombs amanhlonhlo (UZL NC 7) curvy hairline on the sides amankanka (UZL NC 7) nasal passages and entire location
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amankankane (UZL NC 7)/ onongqangqa (UZL NC 8.1) hadadah ibis birds amankemunkemu / amahemuhemu (UZL NC 7) rumours, gossip, hearsay amankengane (UZL NC 7)/ izihlupheki / izinkedama (UZL NC 9) destitutes, poverty stricken people (2) foreigners, asylum seekers amankentshane (UZL NC 7) hunting dogs amankonyane (UZL NC 7) calves, baby cows, baby cattles amanqampunqampu (UZL NC 7) overview, news in brief amanqikanqika (UZL NC 7)/ ukungabaza (UZL NC 4)/ ungabazo (UZL NC 3) hesitation, shilly-shallying, reluctance, doubtfulness, irressoluteness amanqina knuckles (2) human or animal parts above fetlocks and the ankle areas amanqo (UZL NC 7)/ iziqhamo (UZL NC 9)/ imithelela (UZL NC 10) outcome of unheeded advices, consequences, repercussions, ramifications amanqobo (UZL NC 7)/ inqobo (UZL NC 6) decisive action, resoluteness, decisiveness (2) decisive factors, underlying factors, critical factors in making a decision amanqomfi (UZL NC 7) dry mucus, “(2) yellow-breasted larks, macronyx croceuses amansense (UZL NC 7) cracks on the feet amantombazane (UZL NC 7) girls amanxebe (UZL NC 7) stab wounds, injuries amanxele (UZL NC 7) left handed people amanxiwa (UZL NC 7) historic homes, kraal sites, the gravesight in rural homes where the remains of one’s ancestors are laid amanxusa (UZL NC 7) ambassadors amanzi (UZL NC 7) water amapaki (UZL NC 7) parks
amapali (UZL NC 7) poles amapani (UZL NC 7) pans amaPantshula (UZL NC 7) Mapantshula jive dancers (South African black townships youth dance) amapasi (UZL NC 7) passes, Identy Documents (IDs) amapeni / amabholipheni (UZL NC 7) pens amapenimusizi / amapensela (UZL NC 7) pencils, pens amapetshisi / amape (UZL NC 7) peaches amapiki (UZL NC 7) picks, pickaxes amapulamusi (UZL NC 7) plums amapulanizindlu / amaplanimuzi (UZL NC 7) housing plans amapuleti / amapleti (UZL NC 7) plates amaphahlazo / amagoglosi (UZL NC 7) sun glasses amaphakethe (UZL NC 7) pockets amaphaphu (UZL NC 7) lungs amaphekula / amaphekulazikhuni (UZL NC 7) terrorists amapheksi / amaphekisi (UZL NC 7) pegs amaphela / amakokoroshe (UZL NC 7) cockroaches amaphepha (UZL NC 7) papers amaphephandaba (UZL NC 7) newspapers amaphilisi (UZL NC 7) tablets, pills amaphoyinti (UZL NC 7) points, sharp ends, tips (2) amaphoyinti / amaphuzu (UZL NC 7)/ imibono (UZL NC 10) ideas, arguments, points of view, perspectives amaphoyisa (UZL NC 7) police amaphunga (UZL NC 7) smells, ordour amaphupho (UZL NC 7) dreams amaphuphu / amachwane (UZL NC 7) fledglings, young brids, chicks, baby birds, netslings, baby fowls amaphutha (UZL NC 7) mistakes amaphuzu (UZL NC 7)/ imiqondo / imibono (UZL NC 10) points, points of view, perspectives, arguments amaqanda (UZL NC 7) eggs
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amaqaba / amanqaba (UZL NC 7) nonconformists, anti-Western civilisation, illiterate people amaqabane (UZL NC 7) comrades amaqatha (UZL NC 7) chunks of meat amaqele (UZL NC 7) wilderness amaqembu (UZL NC 7) groups; breakaway groups amaqembuqembu / amaqoqo / amahlubuka (UZL NC 7) factions, splinter groups, divisions amaqensi (UZL NC 7) cashew nuts amaqiniso (UZL NC 7) truths, facts amaqolo (UZL NC 7) waistelines amaqolo (UZL NC 7) government child support grants amaqulu (UZL NC 7)/ izihlwele (UZL NC 9) crowds, mobs amaqhawe (UZL NC 7) heroes amaqhawekazi (UZL NC 7) heroines amaqhikisa (UZL NC 7) full grown girls who have reached the puberty stage amaqhinga (UZL NC 7) strategies; plots; plans; tactics amaqhimulili (UZL NC 7)/ izintulo (UZL NC 9) geckoes amaqholo (UZL NC 7) sureness, confidence, self-assurance, assurance (2) perfume amaqhubu (UZL NC 7)/izinduna (UZL NC 9) pimples amaqhubu (UZL NC 7)/ utwayi (UZL NC 3) rash, acne, skin outbreak amaqhuqhuva / amaqhakuva / amaqhakuvanyana (UZL NC 7) skin outbreak amaqhuzu (UZL NC 7) cubes, blocks, chunks, stakes amaqhwa (UZL NC 7) ice cubes (2) amaqhwa (UZL NC 7)/ isiqhotho (UZL NC 5)/ amatshe (UZL NC 7) hail, hailstorm amasango (UZL NC 7) gates amasende (UZL NC 7) testicles amasi (UZL NC 7) sour-milk amasimu (UZL NC 7) fields amasimba (UZL NC 7) faeces, excrement, bodily-waste
amatata (UZL NC 7) panic, busyness, frenzy amaTayitela (UZL NC 7) / izimvumeminikazimihlaba / izimvumesebenzisamuhlaba (UZL NC 9) Title Deeds, izimvumeminikazimihlaba / izimvumesebenzisamuhlaba *** = oral agreements entered into between the trustees of land and the new occupiers of land. This form of title is never between two people such as the chief or traditional leader and the person who is settling but between the traditional leader representatives, community memmbers representatives and the settler together with his or her witnesses. The modern form in rural areas is Permit to Occuppy land (PTO), it is also along these lines. Land is owned communally. amateku / amahlibhasi (UZL NC 7) takkies amatiye (UZL NC 7) teas (2) nepotism, favouritism amatomu (UZL NC 7) briddles amathe (UZL NC 7) saliva amathwasa (UZL NC 7) trainees during apprentiship amatshalo (UZL NC 7) investments amatshali (UZL NC 7) blankets amatshati (UZL NC 7) / ukuthatha isisu (UZL NC 4) early pregnancy, sickness during pregnancy amatsheketshe (UZL NC 7) specieis of ants amatshitshi (UZL NC 7) young girls, female teenagers, girls in their teens amatshwele / amachwane / amaphuphu (UZL NC 7) young chicks, fledgings amawa (UZL NC 7) cliffs amawakawaka (UZL NC 7)/ izinkulungwane (UZL NC 9) thousands amawala /amahaba (UZL NC 7)/ ihaba (UZL NC 2) / ukuyibaxa (UZL NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement,
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overemphasis, dramatization, amplification, magnification amawayilense (UZL NC 7)/ imisakazo (UZL NC 10)/ amareydo (UZL NC 7) radios amawele (UZL NC 7) twins amawohlowohlo / amagelekede hilly place amawindo / amafasitela (UZL NC 7)/ izingenisamoya (UZL NC 9) windows amawisa (UZL NC 7) knokerries amawuli (UZL NC 7) wools amaxhaphosi (UZL NC 7) wetlands amaxhegu / amakhehla (UZL NC 7) old men amaxhonxo (UZL NC 7) minced-meat amaxhumela (UZL NC 7) high heel shoes amayadi (UZL NC 7) yards, compounds amayembe / amahembe (UZL NC 7) shirts amayoyo (UZL NC 7) yoyos amazambane (UZL NC 7) potatoes amazenze (UZL NC 7) fleas amazimuzimu / amazizimbane (UZL NC 7) vampires amazinyane (UZL NC 7) calfs e.g. baby goats (young animals exluding that of cattle, large bucks and horses) amazinyo (UZL NC 7) teeth amazolo (UZL NC 7) morning dew amazulu (UZL NC 7) heavens amaZulu (UZL NC 7) Zulus, isiZulu speaking people amazwane (UZL NC 7)/ izinzwane (UZL NC 9) toes amazwe (UZL NC 7) countries amazwe-ngamazwe/ izwe-ngezwe / ihlabathi / amagumbi-amaneomuhlaba (UZL NC 7) all countries, each and every country, all over the world, the earth, the universe, the globe, the whole population under the sky amazwi (UZL NC 7) voices (2) remarks, points amazwi-okubonga (UZL NC 7) words of gratitude; emafekthri (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to factories
emafemini (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to the firms emafini / emafwini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from the clouds emandulo (undaweni / locative) in ancient times; long time ago; thousand of years ago; many years ago emanzini (undaweni / locative) in / to / from / at the water emaphandleni / emakhaya in rural areas; in the outskirts; in the periphery ima… ima/ pheza / khawula / misa / nqamula / wo! / wongane! (isenzo / verb) stop, bring to a halt, put an end, discontinue, cease, terminate imabuli (UZL NC 6) marble imagi / inkomishi (UZL NC 6) mug, cup imakethe (UZL NC 6) market imakethe-yezimali / imakethezimali (UZL NC 6)/ isikhungohwebomali (UZL NC 5) money market imakethe-yezitshalo / imakethezitshalo / isikhungohwebozitshalo (UZL NC 6) vegetable market imakethe-yezehlabathi (UZL NC 6) international market imaki (UZL NC 6) mark; score imali / inkece (UZL NC 6) money imamba (UZL NC 6) mamba snake imambane / inkunzana (UZL NC 6)/ umujitha / ubhululu (UZL NC 1.1) fellow, colleague, associate, pal, crony, friend imana (UZL NC 6) abundance oma… omabenu / omama benu (UZL NC 8.1) your mothers (plural) omabethu / omawethu / omama bethu (UZL NC 8.1) our mothers omababo / omama babo (UZL NC 8.1) their mothers
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omahlulela / abehluleli / abahluleli (UZL NC 8.1)/ amajaji (UZL NC 7) judges, arbiters, determiners omahluko omakazi / obabekazi / omalumekazi / omamukhulu / omamuncane (UZL NC 8.1) aunts omakhimboni / omunikazimboni / omuhwebishishini / osomashishini / osomabhizini (UZL NC 8.1) entrepreneurs, industrialists, manufacturers, the owners of the means of production, the merchants, the merchant traders omakhulu / ogogo / okhulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izalukazi (UZL NC 9) grandmothers, grannies, old ladies, old women omalume (UZL NC 8.1) uncles omalumekazi (UZL NC 8.1) uncle’s wives, aunts omama (UZL NC 8.1) mothers omama-abadala / omamudala / omamukhulu (UZL NC 8.1) senior mothers, mother’s elder sisters omama-abancane / omamuncane (UZL NC 8.1) junior mothers, mother’s younger sisters omamezala (UZL NC 8.1) mothers-in-law omata (UZL NC 8.1) mats omawakho / omama wakho (UZL NC 8.1) your mothers (singular) omawethu (UZL NC 8.1) our mothers omazisi (UZL NC 8.1) identity documents uma… uma / nxa (isihlangiso / conjunction) if umabo (UZL NC 1.1) brides gift giving ceremony to in-laws soon after the wedding umagotshana (UZL NC 1.1) flower girl umahluko (UZL NC 1.1)/ okuchezile (UZL NC 4) difference, divergence, dissimilarity, variance umahluleli (UZL NC 1.1)/ ijaji (UZL NC 2) judge, arbitrator umaka… the mother of e.g. Umaka Sam / Mother of Sam umakazi aunt; mother’s elder sister
umaka (UZL NC 1.1)/ ishazi / ishande (UZL NC 2) mark, blemish, spot, fleck umakoti bride (2) sister-in-law; brother’s wife; relative’s wife umakhimboni / umunikazimboni / umuhwebishishini / usomabhizinisi (UZL NC 1.1) an industrialist, an entrepreneur; a business dealer; a profit maker and risk taker umalume (UZL NC 1.1) uncle umalumekazi (UZL NC 1.1) uncle’s wife umalusi (UZL NC 1.1) shepherd umama (UZL NC 1.1) mother umama-omudala (UZL NC 1.1) seniormother (2) older woman umama-omuncane (UZL NC 1.1) junior mother umamezala (UZL NC 1.1) mother-in-law umangamanga (UZL NC 1.1) pathetic liar umata (UZL NC 1.1) mat (2) umata / umungane (UZL NC 1.1) friend umazibonele / umazimele / umazenzele (UZL NC 1.1) autonomy / independence / self-determination / self-sufficiency / Do It Yourself (DIY) umazisi (UZL NC 1.1) identity document ma… Mabaziswe. / Abaziswe. They must be informed. (2) They must be held in high regard. Makwenzeke. It must be done. ; It must happen. Male. Discontinue courtship.; Terminate the love affair. Maluju! / Ayidle iziphakele / Kwenele! / Shwele! I surrender., Pardon, forgive me (it is always a polite way of giving up) Mayenzeke. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It must be done e.g. Intando yakho mayenzeke / Thy will must be done. Mazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 1.1) Know him or her. Mazise. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 1.1) Let him / her know.
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Ame… amehlo (UZL NC 7) eyes ameva (UZL NC 7) thorns ime… imephu / ibalazwe (UZL NC 2) map ome… omenzi / abahlukumezi (UZL NC 8.1) the perpetrators, perpetrators, the abusers omenziwa / abahlunyunyezwa (UZL NC 8.1) the victims, victims, the violated, the abused ume… umehluko (UZL NC 1.1) difference umehluleli (UZL NC 1.1)/ ijaji (UZL NC 2) judge umeleko / ukhondensi (UZL NC 1.1) condensed milk umemu (UZL NC 1.1) madam umembeso (UZL NC 1.1) a warm-up traditional engagement ceremony where the groom’s family give gifts to the bride’s family umenzi / umuhlukumezi (UZL NC 1.1) the perpetrator, perpetrator, the abuser umenziwa / umuhlunyunyezwa (UZL NC 1.1) the victim, victim, the violated, the abused mela / khulumela (isenzo / verb) stand for, act for, speak for, speak on behalf of, be a proxy of, represent meleleka (isenzo / verb) be represented melelwa (isenzo / verb) be pushed behind meliwe represented melwa (isenzo / verb) have a representative to stand for you (2) be put under pressure melwe represented by mema (isenzo / verb) invite memela invite for memile invited menyiwe been invited menywa be invited menywe invited by
Menze. Do him or her Menzele. Do it for him or her Menzise. Let him do it for himself or herself., Help him or her to do it for himself or herself memeza (isenzo / verb) shout memezela (isenzo / verb) announce memezile shouted ami (UZL NC 7) mine e.g. amaqanda ami (my eggs) emibangweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the quarrels emibeseni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the knives emibikweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the reports emibonweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the views emibukisweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the exhibitions or displays emibhalweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the writtings emibhedeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the beds emicamelweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the pillows emicabangweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the thoughts emicebeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the riches emicimbini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the functions or ceremonies emicibilishweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the arrows emicondweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the small legs imi…= (prefix for UZL NC 10: plural. All non-human nouns with prefix umu…, pluralise as imi… e.g. umugqa / line = imigqa
*** Check all non-human nouns with prefix imi… when they are in singular they have prefix sound-unit ‘umu…’ imiba / imininingwane details, characteristics, elements, features imibala (UZL NC 10) colours imibanizo / imibanibani (UZL NC 10) lighteneing strikes / lines; umuthetho / law = imithetho / laws)
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imibango (UZL NC 10)/ ungqubuzwano / ushayiswano / ulwisano (UZL NC 3) quarrels, disputations, imibele animal breasts imibese (UZL NC 10) knives imibiko reports imibono (UZL NC 10) views imibukiso (UZL NC 10) exhibitions imibuzo questions imibhalo (UZL NC 10) writings, publications imibhede (UZL NC 10) beds imicacamezelo (UZL NC 10) patches, patch works imicabango (UZL NC 10) thoughts imicamelo / imiqamelo (UZL NC 10) pillows imicebo (UZL NC 10) possessions, treasures, assets, riches imicibisholo (UZL NC 10) arrows imicimbi (UZL NC 10) feasts imicondo (UZL NC 10) slim legs, thin legs imicu / imicwi (UZL NC 10) straps, slits, thin strands imiculo (UZL NC 10) musics imichamo (UZL NC 10) urines imichafazo / imiqhafazo (UZL NC 10) buttons, push switches imichilo (UZL NC 10)/ izintambo (UZL NC 9) ropes, strings imicwi / imicu (UZL NC 10) thin strips, thin strands, thin straps imidada / imisila (UZL NC 10) long objects, long tail objects (2) tail of a dress or skirt imidanso (UZL NC 10) dances imidibi (UZL NC 10) different varieties imididi (UZL NC 10) rectums imidlalo (UZL NC 10) games imidwa / imigqa (UZL NC 10) lines, streaks, stratches imidwayidwa (UZL NC 10) sctratchiness imidwebo (UZL NC 10) drawings, paintings, art works imifakela (UZL NC 10) insertions, slidings (2) borrowed words from other languages imifaniswano (UZL NC 10) uniform
imifino (UZL NC 10) spinach leaves, edibles vegetable leaves imifudlana (UZL NC 10) water streams imifula (UZL NC 10) rivers imigamanxo (UZL NC 10) enchroaching things imigaxo / imihlobiso (UZL NC 10) decorations in homes and offices hanged on the wall or put on display imigede (UZL NC 10) caves, cages, caverns imigeziso (UZL NC 10) things used for purification imigewu(UZL NC 10) immoral person (2) imigewu (UZL NC 10)/ onondindwa (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifebe (UZL NC 9) prostitutes imigexo (UZL NC 10) necklaces, any jewellery won on the body such neck, ankles, wrists etc. imigibe (UZL NC 10) two or more strings or lines stretched across two equal point to hang something imigibiyelo / imibhinqo / imibhuqo (UZL NC 10)/ ubhuqo / ubhinqo (UZL NC 3)/ umugibiyelo (UZL NC 1.2) sarcasm, ridicule, derision, irony imigido / imigidi (UZL NC 10) ceremonies imigigitheko (UZL NC 10) ginglings, tittering imigodi (UZL NC 10) holes imigodoyi (UZL NC 10)/ amagovu (UZL NC 7) / izinja (UZL NC 9) dogs (2) greedy people, people who behave like wild dogs imigomo (UZL NC 10) vaccinations (2) imigomo / imiqathango / imibandela preconditions, stipulations, specifications, requirements, prerequisites imigudu (UZL NC 10) paths imigqa (UZL NC 10) lines, stripes, streaks imigqa-cambalala / imivundlo (UZL NC 10) horizontal lines imigqa-mpo / imiqondile (UZL NC 10) vertical lines imigwaqo (UZL NC 10) roads imigwebo (UZL NC 10) punishments
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imihele (UZL NC 10)/ izicholo (UZL NC 9) head gears imihume (UZL NC 10) passages, hallways imihla (UZL NC 10)/ izinsuku (UZL NC 9)/ amalanga (UZL NC 7) days, dates imihlaba (UZL NC 10) worlds, pieces of land imihlangano / imibuthwano (UZL NC 10) meetings, gatherings, congregations, assemblies imihlathi (UZL NC 10) jaws imihlatshelo (UZL NC 10) sacrifices imihlavuthwa (UZL NC 10) castor-oil plant imihlobiso (UZL NC 10) decorations imihlobo (UZL NC 10) different types, differences, contrasts, disrepencies imihlola (UZL NC 10) / izehlo (UZL NC 9) occurrences, phenomena, incidents imihlomulo (UZL NC 10) rewards, recompense, benefits imihluzi (UZL NC 10) bowls of soup imihluzo (UZL NC 10)/ inhlaziyosimo / inhlaziyo (UZL NC 6)/ iziqhamophenyo / iziqhamophando (UZL NC 9) analysis, investigation outcomes, forensic reports (2) prophecies, outcomes of a prophecy imihlwa (UZL NC 10) termites, white ants in mass imihlwehlwe (UZL NC 10) net-like covering of fat over the entrails imihlwenga (UZL NC 10) manes (2) confidence imijahho (UZL NC 10) races imijeziso (UZL NC 10) a series of activities imposed on the perpetrator as part of restorative Justice process imijijimelo (UZL NC 10) javelins imijikelezo (UZL NC 10) enciclements, globes, round and round turns imijiva (UZL NC 10) long dresses imijolo (UZL NC 10) dates, datings imijovo (UZL NC 10) injections imijuluko (UZL NC 10) sweats imikhaza / amaqhikiza (UZL NC 10) ticks
imikhakha (UZL NC 10) streams (2) options, selections imikhokha (UZL NC 10) bad spirits imikhandlu (UZL NC 10) councils, assemblies imikhoma (UZL NC 10) whales imikhono (UZL NC 10) sleeves imikhonto (UZL NC 10) spears imikhosi / imigidi (UZL NC 10) ceremonies imikhovu (UZL NC 10) zombies, elves, goblins imikhuba (UZL NC 10) practices imikhukhu (UZL NC 10) informal housing as in shacks imikhumbi (UZL NC 10) ships imilenze (UZL NC 10) legs imilingo (UZL NC 10) magic acts imilomo (UZL NC 10) mouths imiluko (UZL NC 10) hair plaits imimango (UZL NC 10) uphills imina (UZL NC 2) individuality Imina. (sentence word) It is me. imini (UZL NC 6) / usuku (UZL NC 3)/ ilanga (UZL NC 2) day, daylight iminkenke (UZL NC 10) cracks iminwe (UZL NC 10) fingers imiphakathi (UZL NC 10) comunities imiphako (UZL NC 10) provisions imiphekiso (UZL NC 10) donations, contributions imiphini / imikhono (UZL NC 10) arms of instruments, arms imiphumela (UZL NC 10)/ iziqhamo / izithelo (UZL NC 9)/ imiphumelaziqhamo (UZL NC 10) results, outcomes imiqathango-sibeko / imibandelasibeko (UZL NC 10) criteria; criterions; standards; basis; benchmarks imisagano (UZL NC 10) insane acts, madness, insanity imisebe (UZL NC 10) sunrays imisebenzi (UZL NC 10) works, activities imisele (UZL NC 10) drains, water drainage system imisingatho (UZL NC 10) moral support activities
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imisindo (UZL NC 10) sounds imishado (UZL NC 10) weddings imishanelo (UZL NC 10) brooms imishanguzo (UZL NC 10) healing medicinal concoctions imishini (UZL NC 10) machines, machinery imishishilizo (UZL NC 10) glides imishiya (UZL NC 10) meadow lands imishiza (UZL NC 10) sticks, fighting sticks imisho (UZL NC 10) sentences imishophi / imibulalazwe (UZL NC 10) / amabhadi (UZL NC 7)/ izinhlekelele (UZL NC 9) tragedies, calamities, disasters imishoshaphansi (UZL NC 10) espionage, counter intelligence, underhand propaganda imishudo (UZL NC 10) locks, sliding-locks imishumayezo (UZL NC 10)/ ukhulisomoya (UZL NC 3)/ ukhulisobuqotho (UZL NC 3) preachings, socialisation imishumo (UZL NC 10) mob psychology imishungu (UZL NC 10) large group of people (2) long line of many people or animals imishuqulo (UZL NC 10) head coverings, headscarves imishushiso (UZL NC 10) persecutions, naggings imishushumbiso (UZL NC 10) concealed stolen propeties imishwabulo (UZL NC 10) cursings imitapo / imithapho (UZL NC 10) sources of supply eg. imitapozincwadi = libraries imitanya (UZL NC 10) delicious drink imitata / imitate (UZL NC 10) lagoons, salt-water marsh imitebekeso (UZL NC 10) procrastinations imitebhiso (UZL NC 10) fashion of wearing clothes low or long imititilizo (UZL NC 10) massive sale of goods at discounted rates imithangala (UZL NC 10) stone walls, fencing, enclosures
imithandazo / imikhuleko (UZL NC 10) prayers imithekeliso (UZL NC 10) exports imithekeliswa (UZL NC 10) imports imitheno (UZL NC 10) castrations of animals imithende stripes imithengiso (UZL NC 10) commodities imithetho (UZL NC 10) laws imithi (UZL NC 10) medicines (2) imithi (UZL NC 10)/ izihlahla (UZL NC 9) trees imitholampilo (UZL NC 10) health care facilities, clinics, hospitals imithombo (UZL NC 10)/ iziphethu (UZL NC 9) sources of water, springs (2) malt, sprouted corn for making beer imithondo (UZL NC 10) penises imithungo (UZL NC 10) sewings (2) body operations, body operated scar tissues imithwalo (UZL NC 10) loads, burdens imithwebulo (UZL NC 10) images imivalela (UZL NC 10) trappers imivalelo (UZL NC 10) sealers imivalo (UZL NC 10) closing dates imivemve (UZL NC 10) wagtails, young feeble calves imivezo (UZL NC 10)/ izambulelwa (UZL NC 9) revealations imivikiso (UZL NC 10) protections, preventative measures imivimbo (UZL NC 10) weals imivo (UZL NC 10) views, perspectives imivuvuzelo (UZL NC 10) garnishings (2) imivuvuzelo (UZL NC 10)/ izichelelo / iziqholo (UZL NC 9) sprays imixhaso (UZL NC 10) / izibonelelo (UZL NC 9) assistance, abbertance, reliefs, interventions imixhele / imixhelo (UZL NC 10) slaughtered beasts or chickens imixhwalisi / imixhwele (UZL NC 10)/ izazela (UZL NC 9) conscience, inner voices, moral senses, value systems, the deepest parts of human understanding
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imixhumela (UZL NC 10) / izijobelelo (UZL NC 9) additions, add-ons, appendages imizamo (UZL NC 10) attempts imizi (UZL NC 10) houses imizila / imigudu (UZL NC 10) waterways, routes / channels / canals / paths (2) methods / directions imizimba (UZL NC 10) bodies imizuzu (UZL NC 10) minutes imizuzwana (UZL NC 10) seconds mila (isenzo / verb) spring up, sprout; grow mi… milela sprout for milile sprang, sprouted, grown milisa cause to grow miliswa be caused to grow by mina me, I minca (isenzo / verb) squeeze (2) shop lift, steal especially small items that can be hidden in the body minya (isenzo / verb) guzzle minyana / cinana (isenzo / verb) be cramped together, jam, squeeze, pile, crowd, shoot up, mushroom minyanisa / cinanisa (isenzo / verb) squeeze together minza / gwiliza (isenzo / verb) drown misa (isenzo / verb) stop, bring to a halt misela stop for (2) look good miselwa have something directed or imposed on one by misile stopped misiwe been stopped miswa be stopped by mitha / khulelwa (isenzo / verb) get pregnant, be impregnated mithela be pregnant for mithisa / khulelisa (isenzo / verb) impregnate mithisile impregnated mithiswa be impregnated by mithiswe impregnated by emo…
emobeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the sugarcane emoneni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the jealousy emontweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the car emoyeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the wind imo… imoto (UZL NC 6) car imophu / isimuncimanzi (UZL NC 6) mop omoba (UZL NC 8.1) sugarcanes umo… umoba (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) sugarcane umona (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) jealousy, envy umoni (UZL NC 1.1)/ isoni (UZL NC 5) sinner uMongameli (UZL NC 1.1) President uMongameli-weZwe / uMongameli / uMengameli / uPresidenti (UZL NC 1.1) State President umongi / umukhwezi / umutshali / umutshalizimali (UZL NC 1.1) saver, investor umongo (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) crux; nub, heart, essence, most important point, central point, main point umoya (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) wind (2) spirit; soul; (3) breath mo… moma / monca / munca / monqoza (isenzo / verb) suck, suck, sip, gulp mosha / cekela-phansi (isenzo / verb) waste , squander, misspend moshekile / limele (isiphawulo / adjective) unwanted, useless, worthless mosheka (isenzo / verb) be wasted moshwa (isenzo / verb) be done down amu… amukela (isenzo / verb) accept, receive amukelisa (isenzo / verb) administer benediction amukeliswa (isenzo / verb) be given benediction
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emubaleni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the colour emubeseni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the knife emubikweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the report emubonweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the thought emubukusweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the display or exhibition umu… umu… all nouns with prefix umu… if they are human when they pluralise they become ‘aba…’ which UZALO Noun Cluster 8.1 e.g. umuntu~person, abantu / people, umuntwana~baby , abantwana~babies. However, if a noun is a non-human and has prefix ‘umu…’, it becomes ‘imi…’ which UZALO Noun Cluster 10 e.g. umubese ~knife, imibese~knives, umunwe~finger, iminwe~fingures. umubala (UZL NC 1.2) colour umubengo (UZL NC 1.2) carved meat; roast umubese (UZL NC 1.2) knife umubono (UZL NC 1.2) view umubiko (UZL NC 1.2) reports umubukiso (UZL NC 1.2) film; video; visual aid; display umucamelo (UZL NC 1.2) pillow umucebo (UZL NC 1.2) wealth, riches umucibisholo (UZL NC 1.2) arrow umucondo (UZL NC 1.2) small or thin leg umucu (UZL NC 1.2) strap, strand umucubunguli / umuhluzi / umuhlaziyi (UZL NC 1.1) analyst, researcher, forensic investigator, investigator umuculo (UZL NC 1.2) music; singing umuculi (UZL NC 1.1) a singer, a musician umuculisi (UZL NC 1.1) choir conductor
umuchamo (UZL NC 1.2) urine umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2)/ intambo (UZL NC 6) rope, string umudada(UZL NC 1.2) tail, tail of a dress umudali / uNkulunkulu / uSomandla / uSimakade / uJehova; uMvelingqangi (UZL NC 1.1) the creator; God; God, the Lord, the Almighty, the Master of the Universe; one's Maker. umufundi (UZL NC 1.1) learner umufundisi (UZL NC 1.1) priest; pastor; reverend umufundisi / uthisha / umuqeqeshu (UZL NC 1.1) teacher; trainer umugadi / unogada / uqonda (UZL NC 1.1) guard, protector umugagangatho (UZL NC 1.2)/ isilinganiso (UZL NC 5)/ iqophelo (UZL NC 2) standard, level, criterion, model umugede (UZL NC 1.2) cage umugexo /umuhlobiso (UZL NC 1.2)/ imvunulo (UZL NC 6)/ ucu (UZL NC 3) necklace, chain, decoration umugibeli (UZL NC 1.1) passenger umugidi (UZL NC 1.2) celebration, dance, function umugodi (UZL NC 1.2) hole umugodoyi (UZL NC 1.2)/ inja (UZL NC 6)/ igovu (UZL NC 2) dog umugogodla / umuqolo (UZL NC 1.2) spine, spinal cord, back umugomo (UZL NC 1.2) policy, procedure (2) vaccination umugubho / umugidi (UZL NC 1.2) celebration, anniversary, jubilee umugudu (UZL NC 1.2) path umugcinimafa (UZL NC 1.1)/ usikhwama (UZL NC 1.1) treasurer (2) umugcinimafa / umabimafa executor umugcinimagugu / umulandisi (UZL NC 1.2) archivist, historian umugqa (UZL NC 1.2) line umugqa-cambalala / umuvundlo / umugibe (UZL NC 1.2) horizontal line
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umugqa-mpo / umutshumo (UZL NC 1.2) vertical line umugqakazo (UZL NC 1.2) chicken feed umuGqibelo (UZL NC 1.2) Saturday umugwabi / umugidi / umusini / umudansi / umusthivozi (UZL NC 1.1) dancer umugwaqo (UZL NC 1.2) road, pathway umugwebo punishment umugwenya (UZL NC 1.2)/ uquqaba (UZL NC 3) ordinary people, masses umuhlali (UZL NC 1.1)/ isakhamuzi (UZL NC 5) resident; citizen; a local person umuhlengi / umpilo (UZL NC 1.1) a male health worker umuhlengikazi / unompilo (UZL NC 1.1) a female health worker umuhlola / umushophi (UZL NC 1.2)/ ishwa (UZL NC 2) an unusual shocking happening, occurrence, happening, tragedy, bad luck umuhloli (UZL NC 1.1) inspector, school inspector umuhlonishwa (UZL NC 1.1) an honourable member, umuhlungi (UZL NC 1.1) selector, judge umuhluzo (UZL NC 1.2)/ uhluzo / uhlaziyo (UZL NC 3) analysis umuhluzi (UZL NC 1.2) isobho (UZL NC 2) soup umuhlwa (UZL NC 1.2) termite umuhwebishishini / umakhimboni / usomabhizinisi / usomashishini / umushakazi (UZL NC 1.1) an entrepreneur; a risk taker and profit maker, a dealer, business dealer, enterpriser. business person. a person with appetite for invention, innovation, risk and profit umujaho (UZL NC 1.2) race, marathon umujeziso (UZL NC 1.2) punishment umujikelezo (UZL NC 1.2) multiple turns (2) encirclement umujolo (UZL NC 1.2) dating, flirting umujondolo / umukhukhu (UZL NC 1.2) a shack, shack, informal dwelling umujovo (UZL NC 1.2) injection umujuluko (UZL NC 1.2) sweat
umujuxuzo (UZL NC 1.2) jive umulabalaba (UZL NC 1.2) puzzle game umulando (UZL NC 1.2) history umulanduleli (UZL NC 1.1) defense attorney umulamuli (UZL NC 1.2) mediator umulekeleli / umuncedisi / umusizi / umuncedi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isekela (UZL NC 5 ) assistant, helper (see umuncedisi below) umulenze (UZL NC 1.2) leg umulilo (UZL NC 1.2) fire umulimi (UZL NC 1.1) farmer umulingo (UZL NC 1.2) magic umulisa (UZL NC 1.1) a male umulobokazi / umalokazana / umakoti (UZL NC 1.1) daughter-in-law umulomo (UZL NC 1.2) mouth umulotha (UZL NC 1.2) ashes umulungu (UZL NC 1.1) white person umuncedi / umuncedisi / umulekeleli / umusizi / umupheleki (UZL NC 1.1) helper, assistant, aide, co-worker, fellow worker, workmate, teammate, helpmate, helpmeet, associate, aider, colleague, supporter, partner, collaborator, abetter; subordinate, deputy, auxiliary, second, second in command, number two, right-hand man, right-hand woman, wingman, attendant, junior, acolyte; accessory, accomplice, henchman (2) umuncedi / umuhlengi / unesi / unompilo / usompilo (UZL NC 1.1) nurse, lifesaver, health worker umundeni (UZL NC 1.2)/ uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ igazi (UZL NC 2)/ izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 9) family, descendants, blood relatives umungcele (UZL NC 1.2) demarcation, boarder, boarder-gate umungcu / umungcwi (UZL NC 1.2) / umoyomubi (UZL NC 1.1) wrath, evil spirit , ghost like shadow umungcwabo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukufihlwa (UZL NC 4) funeral, burial umunjunju (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubuhlungu (UZL NC 8.2)/ izinhlungu / izibhobo (UZL NC
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/ ukuqaqamba / ukushoshozela / ukunkenketha (UZL NC 9) / amahlaba (UZL NC 7) pain, ache, aching, soreness, hurt, throb, throbbing, smarting, pricking, sting, stinging, twinge, shooting pain, stab, pang, spasm, stitch, cramp, discomfort, irritation, stiffness, tenderness umunkantsha (UZL NC 1.2) bone marrow umunkenke (UZL NC 1.2) crack umuntu (UZL NC 1.1) person, human being umuntwana (UZL NC 1.1) / ingane (UZL NC 6) baby, child umuqala (UZL NC 1.2) / intamo (UZL NC 6) neck umuqamelo / umucamelo (UZL NC 1.2) pillow umuqambi / umusunguli / umuqalisi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ivulandlela (UZL NC 2)originator umuqansi (UZL NC 1.2) incline umuqaphi / umuvikeli / unogada (UZL NC 1.1) guard, protector umuqashi (UZL NC 1.1) employer umuqashwa (UZL NC 1.1) employee umuqathango/ umuqathangosibeko / umubandela / umubandelasibeko (UZL NC 1.2) criteria, criterion, standard, basis, benchmark, condition, term and condition umuqeqeshi (UZL NC 1.1) trainer umuqeqeshwa (UZL NC 1.2) trainee umuqingo (UZL NC 1.2) / ugqinsi (UZL NC 3)/ umuthamo (UZL NC 1.2) volume, thick book, thick publication, treatise, manual, almanac, compendium umuqolo / umugogodla (UZL NC 1.2) spine, spinal cord umuqondisi (UZL NC 1.1) director umuqondo (UZL NC 1.2) brain, mind, view, plan, perspective umuqophi (UZL NC 1.1) producer umuquba (UZL NC 1.2) fertilizer umuqulu / umuthethosisekelo (UZL NC 1.2) volume, charter, constitution, body of law 9)
umuqhafazo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ibhathini (UZL NC 2) button, fastener umuqhele (UZL NC 1.2) crown umuqhino (UZL NC 1.2) hair plaiting umuqhubi / umushayeli / udilayiva (UZL NC 1.1) driver umuqhubukusho (UZL NC 1.2) stabbing pain umuqhutshwa / umugibeli (UZL NC 1.1) passenger umuphakathi (UZL NC 1.2) community umuphako (UZL NC 1.2) food-provision umuphalazo (UZL NC 1.2) vomit umuphambili / umuthondo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ipipi (UZL NC 2) penis, anterior (2) umuphambili (UZL NC 1.2)/ iphambili (UZL NC 2) front, frontage, forepart umuphandi / umuseshi / umuphenyi (UZL NC 1.1) investigator umuphandisi / umuseshisi / umuphenyisi (UZL NC 1.1) assistant investigator umuphandisisi / umuseshisisi / umuphenyisisi (UZL NC 1.1) forensic investigator umuphando (UZL NC 1.2) excavation (2) umuphando (UZL NC 1.2)/ isekeni (UZL NC 2) second hand clothes or furniture umuphathi (UZL NC 1.1) boss, authority, umuphathiswa (UZL NC 1.1) an elected official umuphathwa (UZL NC 1.1) surbodinate umupheki (UZL NC 1.1) cooker, chef umupheme (UZL NC 1.2) shelter umuphetho (UZL NC 1.2) edging umuphikisi (UZL NC 1.2) opposser umuphilisi / umelaphi / umulaphi (UZL NC 1.2) healer umuphimbo (UZL NC 1.2) throat umuphongolo (UZL NC 1.2) container, receptacle, repository umuphoqeleli (UZL NC 1.2) enforcer, enforcing agent umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2) outcome, result umusa / umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2) / isihe / isihawu (UZL NC 5)/ uzwelo (UZL NC 3)/ inhlizwenhle (UZL NC 6)/ ubuntu /
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ubuhle / ububele (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzithoba (UZL NC 4) kindness, goodwill, affectionateness, warmth, gentleness, tenderness, concern, care, considerateness, helpfulness, thoughtfulness, unselfishness, selflessness, altruism, compassion, sympathy, understanding, bigheartedness, benevolence, benignity, friendliness, neighbourliness, hospitality, amiability, courteousness, public-spiritedness; generosity, magnanimity, indulgence, patience, tolerance, charitableness, graciousness, lenience, humaneness, mercifulness umusakazi (UZL NC 1.1) broad-caster, TV presenter, radio presenter, DJ, umusamo (UZL NC 1.2) a scared place in most African homes notably amaZulu umusangano (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukuhlanya (UZL NC 4) craze, madness, insanity umusaphazo (UZL NC 1.2)/ uchithichithi (UZL NC 3) extravagance umusaphazomali (UZL NC 1.2) wasteful expenditure, fruitless expenditure umusebe (UZL NC 1.2) ray umusebewelanga (UZL NC 1.2) sunray, sunray pleats umusebenzi / umuqashwa (UZL NC 1.1) / isisebenzi (UZL NC 5) work umusebenzi (UZL NC 1.2) / itoho (UZL NC 2) / umusebenzanyana (UZL NC 1.2) work, job, task umusekeli / umulekeleli / umuncedisi / umucathulisi (UZL NC 1.1) supporter, shielder, protector, nurturer umusele (UZL NC 1.2) trench, ditch, waterway, drainage system umusetho (UZL NC 1.2) setting umusila (UZL NC 1.2) tail umusindo (UZL NC 1.2) noise umusindisi / umuhlengi / umuhlengikazi (UZL NC 1.1) savior, care giver, nurse, doctor, baby sitter umusoco (UZL NC 1.2)/ isakhimuzimba (UZL NC 5) nutrition
umusobo (UZL NC 1.2) crux, inner, umusoli (UZL NC 1.1) accuser umusolwa (UZL NC 1.1) accused umusunguli / umuqalisi / umuqambi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ivulandlela (UZL NC 2) originator, trend-setter, inventor, creator, architect, author, prime mover, father, mother, maker, initiator, innovator, founder, pioneer, mastermind, discoverer, establisher, developer, designer; umusunu (UZL NC 1.2) / igolo (UZL NC 2)/ inhlunu (UZL NC 6) vagina, vulva umusululu (UZL NC 1.2) euphoria tirucalli tree umushado / umugcagco / umuganiso (UZL NC 1.2) wedding, umushanelo (UZL NC 1.2) broom umushishilizo (UZL NC 1.2) glide, glide path, slide, slide path umushiza (UZL NC 1.2) / induku (UZL NC 1.2) fighting stick, stick umushoshaphansi (UZL NC 1.2) underground operation, espionage, umushudo (UZL NC 1.2) locker, stopper umushumayeli (UZL NC 1.1) preacher umushungu (UZL NC 1.2) / ujenga (UZL NC 3)/ udwendwe(UZL NC 3) longline umushushisi (UZL NC 1.1) prosecutor umushwabuli / okhonondayo / umenziwa / umusoli (UZL NC 1.1) a complainant, plaintiff, claimant umushwabulo (UZL NC 1.2) complaint, cursing, grumble, bleat, lament umuswakama (UZL NC 1.2) moisture umuswano (UZL NC 1.2) undigested feed of an animal umuswenko (UZL NC 1.2) designerclothes, smart-clothes umuthakathi (UZL NC 1.2) witch umuthambo (UZL NC 1.2) vein umuthandazi (UZL NC 1.1) prayer, prophet, umuthandazo (UZL NC 1.2) prayer umuthelela (UZL NC 1.2) the ripple effect, consequence, repercussion umuthelintela (UZL NC 1.1) taxpayer, ratepayer
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umuthengi (UZL NC 1.1) buyer umuthengisi (UZL NC 1.1) seller umuthengiso (UZL NC 1.2) commodity umuthetho (UZL NC 1.2)/ inqubo (UZL NC 6) law, policy, legislation, regulation umuthetheleli (UZL NC 1.1) appeal person, body of appeal, appeal’s board, appeal’s person umuthimba (UZL NC 1.2) bridal party umuthokozisi (UZL NC 1.1) entertainer, performer, artist umutholampilo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ikliniki (UZL NC 6)/ isibhedlela (UZL NC 5) clinic, health-care facility, primary-health-care facility, hospital umuthondo (UZL NC 1.2) / ipipi (UZL NC 2)/ ubudoda (UZL NC .2) penis umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) medicine (2) umuthi (UZL NC 1.2)/ isihlahla (UZL NC 5) tree umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) load, burden umuthwebulizithombe (UZL NC 1.1) photographer umuvikeli (UZL NC 1.1) protector umuVikeliluntu / umuVikelimiphakathi / umuVikelisizwe (UZL NC 1.1) Public Protector umuvuzo (UZL NC 1.2) reward umuzabalazo (UZL NC 1.2) struggle umuzala (UZL NC 1.1) cousin umuzali (UZL NC 1.1) parent umuzamo (UZL NC 1.2) attempt umuzekelo (UZL NC 1.2)/ isibonelo (UZL NC 5) an example; specimen, sample, exemplar, exemplification, instance, case, representative case, typical case, case in point, illustration. umuzi (UZL NC 1.2) / indlu (UZL NC 6)/ ikhaya (UZL NC 2) house, residence, homestead umuzukuzuku (UZL NC 1.2)/ inkinyankinya (UZL NC 6) difficulty, hard thing, complicated problem umuzukwane (UZL NC 1.2) the day, the other day mu…
mubi UZL 1.1 or 1.2 is ugly muhle UZL 1.1 or 1.2 is beautiful muka (isenzo / verb) be washed away; disappear, vanish mukela / amukela (isenzo / verb) receive, take mukisa (isenzo / verb) cause to wash away musa don’t
…mb…
imba / gqoma (isenzo / verb) dig imbaba frankness, openness, imbadlambadla (UZL NC 6)/ isisemazema (UZL NC 5) massive thing imbali (UZL NC 6) flower imbangela (UZL NC 6) cause imbangi (UZL NC 6) competitor imbati (UZL NC 6) stinging-nestle imbawulo fire-pot, brazier imbazo (UZL NC 6) axe umbandazo (UZL NC 3)/ ukushwampuluza / ukushona lena-nalena / ukucasha ngesithupha / ukumbandaza (UZL NC 4) prevarication, equivocate, elusion, evasiveness, avoidance umbaxa (UZL NC 1.1) double-edged object umbaxambili (UZL NC 1.1 ) ambiguity (2) exuding two sides umbayimbayi (UZL NC 1.1) canon, field gun mbambatha (isenzo / verb) pat for attention, tap, touch slightly (2) mbambatha / fisela inhlanhla pat to wish someone well (3) mbambatha / gqiba underplay, belittle, trivialise mbambathwa (isenzo / verb) be pat, be tapped, be touched slight mbatha /mboza / gubuzela / hloniphisa / leka (isenzo / verb) cover, put something over, protect (2) mbatha / gqoka / vatha clothe, dress up, put on something mbathisa / gubuzelisa put cover over to someone (2) mbathisa / gqokisa / vathisa clothe someone, dress someone up
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mbandaza (isenzo / verb) prevaricate mbayimbayi / ngomusomunye see you later imbengembenge (UZL NC 6) serious affair imbewu (UZL NC 6) seed mbela (isenzo / verb) dig for mbengceza / mbandaza (isenzo / verb) prevaricate, equivocate, be noncommital, be evasive mbesa (isenzo / verb) cover someone (2) shower in-laws with gifts imbiba (UZL NC 6) a mouse specie imbibizane (UZL NC 6) slap with the back of the hand imbilapho / imvilapho (UZL NC 6) groin imbiza (UZL NC 6) herbal medicinal concoction imbizo (UZL NC 6) assembly, a meeting, a discussion, a consultation imbobo (UZL NC 6) hole imbotshana (UZL NC 6) small hole imboni (UZL NC 6) manufacturing plant, factory imbongi (UZL NC 6) praise singer, poet, orature imbongolo (UZL NC 6) donkey imbulunga / indilinga (UZL NC 6) round object, round thing imbumbulu (UZL NC 6) bullet imbungulu (UZL NC 6) blood-sucking bug imbuzi (UZL NC 6) goat mbumbuzela / mbombozela (isenzo / verb) pour
…mf…
umfana (UZL NC 1.1) boy umfazi (UZL NC 1.1) woman mfamfatha / munca (isenzo / verb) suck imfene (UZL NC 6) baboon imfezi (UZL NC 6) imfihlo (UZL NC 6) secret imfino (UZL NC 6)/ imifino (UZL NC 10) spinach mfimfa (isenzo / verb) be trickling, be dripping imfoloko (UZL NC 6) folk
imfolomani (UZL NC 6) foreman imfucuza (UZL NC 6) , udoti (UZL NC 1.1) dirt imfudumalo (UZL NC 6) warmth imfukumfuku(UZL NC 6) / amafuhlulu (UZL NC 7) clutter; mess imfuma (UZL NC 6) heap, pile Imfundamakhwelo (UZL NC 6) amateur, inexperienced folk; layman imfundo (UZL NC 6) education imfundiso (UZL NC 6) teaching; socialisation imfundisoze (UZL NC 6) brainwash, propaganda, indocrination umfokazi (UZL NC 1.1 ) ordinary man; ordinary chap umfokazana (UZL NC 1.1) insignificant man umfowabo (UZL NC 1.1) her or his brother umfowenu (UZL NC 1.1) your brother umfowethu (UZL NC 1.1) my brother; our brother; brother mfoma / gxaza (isenzo / verb) be wet, be leaking umfula (UZL NC 1.2) river mfumfutha / ncela (isenzo / verb) suck
…mp…
impahla (UZL NC 6) property, asset, goods ands services impaka (UZL NC 6)cat, whitchcraft animal impakamo / inkukhumalo (UZL NC 6)/ uhambelophezulu / ukuziqhayisa / ukuzigqaja / ukuzitshela / ukukhukhumala / ukuqhobonyeka / ukuziqhoshisa (UZL NC 4) aloofness, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit, hubris, selfimportance, egotism, sense of superiority; pomposity, highhandedness, swagger, boasting, bumptiousness, bluster, condescension, disdain, contempt, imperiousness; pride, vanity, immodesty; loftiness, lordliness, snobbishness, snobbery,
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superciliousness, smugness; pretension, pretentiousness, affectation; scorn, mocking, sneering, scoffing; presumption, insolence impala / inyamazane (UZL NC 6) antelope, impala impama (UZL NC 6) slap (2) maize meal dumplings impambaniso (UZL NC 6)/ iphutha (UZL NC 2) impambanisela / inkohliso (UZL NC 6) deceit, deception, deceitfulness, duplicity, double-dealing, fraud, fraudulence, cheating, trickery, duping, hoodwinking, chicanery, underhandedness, deviousness, slyness, cunning, craftines impambano (UZL NC 6)/ ushayiswano /uphambanonkulumo / ugqubuzwano (UZL NC 3)/ ukungezwani (UZL NC 4) misunderstanding, misinterpretation, misconstruction, misreading, misapprehension, misconception; mistake, error, misjudgement, misbelief, miscalculation, confusion, mix-up, the wrong idea, false impression, fallacy, illusion, delusion impambuko (UZL NC 6) mistake, error, fault, inaccuracy, omission, slip, blunder, miscalculation, misunderstanding, flaw, oversight, misinterpretation, fallacy, gaffe, faux pas, solecism, misapprehension, misconception, misreading impandla (UZL NC 6) baldness impatha (UZL NC 6)/ isilima / isithingithingi / isiphukuphuku (UZL NC 5) fool, stupid person, idiot impatho (UZL NC 6) care, mindfulness, , judiciousness, forethought, thought, regard, heed, mindfulness; conscientiousness, painstakingness, pains, effort, meticulousness, punctiliousness, fastidiousness, precision impangele (UZL NC 6) guinea fowl
empeleni / kahle-kahle / eqinisweni actually, in fact, as a matter of fact impelandaba (UZL NC 6)/ ujuqu (UZL NC 3)/ umulamulajuqu (UZL NC 1.2) final, decider impela / kunjalo / ehe (adverb) exactly, precisely impethu (UZL NC 6) worm impempe (UZL NC 6) whistle impene (UZL NC 6) sexual appetite, horniness impendulo (UZL NC 6) answer, response impepho (UZL NC 6) sage empilweni in life impi (UZL NC 6)/ ukulwa (UZL NC 4)/ umujujiswano / ushayisano / ugqubuzwano (UZL NC 6) war, battle impicabadala / insumansumane / insambatheka (UZL NC 6)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ inkambabeyibuza / indida / inkinga / inkanankana (UZL NC 6) mystery, puzzle, enigma, conundrum, riddle, secret, unsolved problem, problem, question, question mark, closed book impihlimpihli (UZL NC 6) massive accident, enourmousness impikiswano / imvunge (UZL NC 6)/ uqaphiswano / uphikiswano (UZL NC 3) debate, argument, discussion, exchange of views, discourse, parley; argument, dispute, wrangle, altercation, war of words; arguing, argumentation, wrangling, sparring, disputation, dissension, disagreement, controversy, contention, conflict, disharmony; negotiations, talks; dialogue, comment, interest impilo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuphila (UZL NC 4) life (2) health impilonde (UZL NC 6) long life impilonhle (UZL NC 6) healthiness impinda (UZL NC 6) repeat impindampinda (UZL NC 6) repetition, repetitiousness, repetitiveness, redundancy, superfluity, tautology
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impindiselo (UZL NC 6) return, reciprocation impisi (UZL NC 6)/ ujakalase (UZL NC 1.1) jackal impohlo (UZL NC 6) bachelor impokophelo (UZL NC 6) perseverance, determination impongo (UZL NC 6) goat (male) impophoma (UZL NC 6) waterfall impoqo coercion, force, forcefulness, compulsion, constraint, duress, oppression, enforcement, harassment, intimidation, threats, pressure, pressurization umpompi tap impumelo success impumulo nose (2) restfulness impundu / izinqa bums impunga grey-haired person impungushe jackal impuphu maize meal, powder
…mv…
imvamisa / inhlalayenza / inkambiso (UZL NC 6) practice, custom, habit, convention, norms imvelakancane (UZL NC 6)/ ivelakancane (UZL NC 2) extra-ordinary happening; unconventional occurrence imvelaphi (UZL NC 6) / umusuka / umuthombo (UZL NC 1.2) origin, beginning, start, origination, genesis, birth, dawning, dawn, emergence, inception, launch, creation, birthplace, cradle, early stages, conception, inauguration, foundation, outset; source imvelo (UZL NC 6) nature uMveliwami (UZL NC 1.1) my Creator uMvelingqangi / uSimakade / uJehova / uMudali (UZL NC 1,1) God, the Creator imvu (UZL NC 6) sheep imvubu (UZL NC 6) sjambok (2) hippo imvume (UZL NC 6) permission; authorisation
imvunulo (UZL NC 6) traditional attire (2) fashion imvunge (UZL NC 6) rumbling (2) secret discussion imvuselelo (UZL NC 6) revitilisation; revival; reconstruction imvuthu (UZL NC 6) crumps imvulaphu / imbulaphu / imbilapho (UZL NC 6) gland, adenocarcinoma imvula (UZL NC 6) rain imvume (UZL NC 6) permission, permit
…n…
Ana… Anabo. (UZL NC 7 are with or has UZL NC 8.1) amantombazane anabo. / The girls are with them. Anakho. (UZL NC 7 are with or has UZL NC 4) Amantombazane anakho ukudla. The girls have food. Analo. (UZL NC 7 are with or has UZL NC 2) Amantombazane analo iqanda. The girls have . the egg. Anami. (UZL NC 7 are with me) Amantombazane anami. The girls are with me. Anane. (UZL NC 7) borrow them Ananele. (UZL NC 7) lend them an ear. (2) Listen to them. Anandise. (UZL NC 7) Spice them up. , Add a bit of sugar for taste., Add some salt ena… ena… (UZL NC 6 with UZL NC prefix ‘a…’) - the one with…, the one that… e.g enamanga – the one that tells lies; enamandla – the one that is powerful., the one with power; enamaqhinga – the one that is witty, the one with many tricks; enabile – the one that is with both legs stretched out ina…
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ina … (UZL NC 6 has UZL NC with prefix ‘a…’ She/He/It has…, She/He/It is with ina / netha (isenzo / verb) rain inabukeni (UZL NC 6) napkin inaka/inono /igcokama / iqhathanzipho (UZL NC 2) a very neat person, a very tidy person, a very meticulous-person, a person who is smart, spruce, dapper, trim, wellgroomed, organized, well-organized, tidy, methodical, or fastidious inakanaka/inikiniki (UZL NC 2) worn, well worn, old, thin, worn out, holey, moth-eaten, mangy, ragged, frayed, tattered, shabby, scruffy inala (UZL NC 6) abundance, abundant food, plenty, plentifulness, abundance, fruitfulness, profusion; inaliti (UZL NC 6) needle inamuhla / inamuhlanje (UZL NC 2) today, this day (2) modern-day inamba / inombolo (UZL NC 6) number inani (UZL NC 2) amount, estimation, calculation inantika/ inatshika / nonje / kambe ini (UZL NC 6) that thing, that other thing, forgotten what it was, perhaps what… Inathi. (UZL NC 6) She/He/It is with us Inazo. (UZL NC 6) She/He/It is with them. (2) She/He/It has them. Ona… ona… the one with UZL NC with prefix ‘a…’ e.g. onabantwana the one with children, onabafowabo the one who has his/her brothers, unantika / unantsika /lomuntu / kambe ubani (UZL NC 1.1) that other chap, that other person, forgot try to remember, that somebody, that other person na… … na? Independent sound-unit na at the end of a sentence or after the subject noun and verb indicates
interrogation or question. E.g. Badlile na abantwana? /Have the children eaten? Kungabe badlile abantwana na? / Have the children eaten? na… = English ‘and’ but specifically connecting suffix ‘…a’ and prefix ‘a…’ e.g. abantwana + amantombazane / children + girls = abantwana namantombazane / children and boys. nabo (UZL NC 8.1) and them, with them nabu / nampu (UZL NC 8.2) Here it is. E.g. ubuso / face; ubusika / winter; utshani / grass; ubutha / poison. naka / qikelela /qapha (isenzo / verb) pay attention, take care, supervise, keep in custody, keep under guidance naka / cika / belesela (isenzo / verb) be persistent, tenacious, resolute, assiduous, sedulous, unflagging, untiring, unwavering, insistent, importunate, relentless, unrelenting; stubborn, intransigent, obstinate, obdurate nakekela (isenzo / verb) take care, pay attention nakancane / nakanci / nakancu / nakancuncu (isandiso / adverb) not in the least, even in the slightest, smallest, minimum, minimal, minutest, tiniest, littlest, not at all nakanjani / noma ikanjani / akugeji (isandiso / adverb) no matter what, definitely, certainly, surely, for sure, unquestionably, without doubt, beyond question, undoubtedly, indubitably, assuredly, nakanye / kange / zange / vange (isandiso / adverb) not at all, not once, never nakisisa / qaphela / bhekisisa / swabuluka (isenzo / verb) pay more attention, be more attentive, listen more carefully, think more carefully, scrutinize, more nako (UZL NC 4) and it, with it
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naku (UZL NC 4) Here it is. E.g ukudla / food; ukufa / death. nakuba evethough, despite the fact that nakubo (UZL NC 1.1 human noun) even at his/her place nakho-ke / nazo-ke / nakhu ebengikusho off you go, here it goes, look what I’ve been saying, exactly as I said, there they go, again, repeatedly nakwakhe (UZL NC 1.1 human noun) even at his/her own house. Nakwakhe lona umama kunje. / Even at her own house, this woman, it is like this. nakwalo (UZL NC 2 human noun) even at his/her own house. Nakwalo, leli ijaji, kunje. / Even at his own house, this judge, it is like this. nakwami (first person: singular) even at my house kunje. / Even at my house, it is like this. nali / nanti (UZL NC 2) Here it is. e.g. ijazi / coat; ijaji / judge; ibhande / belt. nalo (UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3) and it, with it nalu / nantu (UZL NC 3) Here it is. e.g. Uphaphe/ feather; uthando / love; uzwane / toe. nambitha / izwa (isenzo / verb) taste, discern nampa / naba (UZL NC 8.1) Here they are. E.g. nampa abantu (Here are the people), naba omama (Here are are the mothers) nana / boleka (isenzo / verb) borrow nansi / nayi (UZL NC 6 & 10) here it is e.g. imoto / car; inkomo / cow; ingane / child = (UZL NC 6). Here they are e.g. imiphakathi / communities; imithetho / laws = (UZL NC 6) . nanti / nali (UZL NC 2) here it is e.g. nanti ipeni / here is a pen naphaza / cakaza / hlaphaza / ngcolisa (isenzo / verb) strew, scatter, spread, disperse, litter, create a mess
nasi (UZL NC 5) here it is. e.g. isandla / hand; isibaya / kraal, isinkwa/ bread. naso (UZL NC 5) and it, with it nawa / nanka (UZL NC 7) Here they are. E.g. amantombazane . Girls; amazambane / potatoes; amazwi / words; amafu / clouds. nawe and you naye and him or her nayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) and it, with it nazi (UZL NC 9) here they are. e.g. izingane / children; izalukazi / old women; izinkomo / cows . nazo (UZL NC 9) and them, with them ane… ane… UZL NC 7 have / with UZL NC with prefix vowel ‘a’ e.g. amantombazane + amanga = amantombazane anamanga. / girls with lies (b) Amadoda anamandla. / Men have power or men with power ane… UZL NC 7 have / with UZL NC with prefix vowel ‘i’ ene… ene… UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 with UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 e.g. ingane + imali = ingane enemali / a child with money ine… inethi (UZL NC 6)/ isigumbuzelo / isembozo (UZL NC 5) net onesi / osompilo / abahlengikazi (UZL NC 8.1) nurses, health care workers, carers unesi / unompilo /umuhlengikazi (UZL NC 1.1) nurse, health care worker, carer ne… nebala / ngokunjalo / nempela (isandiso / adverb) certainly, surely, unquestionably, unequivocally, undeniably, irrefutably
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neka / ndlala / geveza / govoza (isenzo / verb) display publicly, expose, exhibit, put in full view nela / gculiseka (isenzo / verb) have enough, satisfy oneself, nelile / gculisekile (isiphawulo / adjective) satisfied, had enough, pleased nelisa / gculisa (isenzo / verb) satisfy someone or something, neliseka / gculiseka (isenzo / verb) be satisfied, be grateful neliswa / gculiswa (isenzo / verb) be appreciated, be satisfied by something or someone nemba / shaya-emuhlolweni (isenzo / verb) hit on the spot, hit the target, be spot on nembala / ngokunjalo / impela / empeleni (isandiso / adverb) indeed, truly, as expected, actually, really, in reality, as it happens/happened, certainly, surely, for sure, undeniably, veritably, certainly, assuredly, emphatically, absolutely, exactly, precisely, of course, definitely, positively, naturally, without a doubt, unquestionably, undoubtedly, by all means, exceedingly, exceptionally, especially, Nenzani? (ibizomuzho / sentence word) What are you doing? (plural) Nenzeni? (ibizomuzho / sentence word) What have you done? (plural) Nenzenjani? (ibizomuzho / sentence word) What did you do? netha / ina / thela / khiza (isenzo / verb) rain, pour, shower, drizzle nethezeka / busa / khombangophakathi (isenzo / verb) live in comfort, have means neze / lutho / cha / cha impela (isandiso / adverb) never, not at all, certainly not ani… Anize! / Anize phela! Come!; Come please!
anizi. (ibizomuzho / sentence word) You are not coming eni… eningi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6) plenty, so much, much, most, a lot ini… inina / igwala / ivaka (UZL NC 2) coward iningi / ishaqa (UZL NC 2) majority, most, large number oni… onina / omama bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his or her mothers uni… unina / umama wakhe / umawakhe (UZL NC 1.1) his or her mother ni… nika / ipha / nikezela (isenzo / verb) give, provide with, supply with, proffer nikeza / phana (isenzo / verb) give to, donate nikela / faka-isandla (isenzo / verb) make an offering; sacrifice nikiza / nakaza (isenzo / verb) eat mercilessly, attack viciously (2) be clumsy ; be untidy nina you (plural) nisela / chelela (isenzo / verb) irrigate, water, spray ano… anonile UZL 7 are fatty / oily eno… enonile UZL 6 or 10 is / are oily / fatty ino… inoni / itebhe (UZL NC 2)/ amafutha (UZL NC 7)/ ukuceba (UZL NC 4) fat inono / igcokama / iqhathanzipho (UZL NC 2) tidy person
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inomfi (UZL NC 6) sticky substance no … and specifically for nouns with suffix ‘o’ and ‘noun with prefix vowel ‘u’ e.g. inkomo / cow + umuntu / person = inkomo nomuntu / a cow and a person no… nombola / qaphela / qikelela / qinisekisa (isenzo / verb) observe, perceive, note, see, become aware of, discern, notice; detect; spot, distinguish, catch sight of, make out, take notice of, mark, remark; pay attention to, take note of, heed, take heed of, pay heed to; nona / nonophala / khuluphala / ceba (isenzo / verb) be fat, fatty nonophala (UZL NC 2) be fat nonke all of you, each one of you enu… enu (UZL NC 7) yours e.g.amaqanda enu / your eggs inu… inuku / ixebe (UZL NC 2 ) untidy person, dirty person inunu (UZL NC 6) creepy-crawly nu… nunusela (isenzo / verb) scare (2) entice
…nc…
ncama / xola / dela / geza izandla / lahla ithawula (isenzo / verb) give-up, admit defeat, concede defeat, stop trying, call it a day, give in, surrender, capitulate, be beaten, despair, lose heart, abandon hope, give up hope ncamela (isenzo / verb) prefer, like better ncamisa / tshengisa (isenzo / verb) prove, show or demonstrate beyond doubt
incence (UZL NC 6) feeding bottle uncedo /usizo (UZL NC 3) help nceda / siza / lekelela (isenzo / verb) help, aid, assist, support ncedakala / sizakala (isenzo / verb) receive help, receive support, be supported ncedakele (isiphawulo / adjective) helped, assisted ncedisa / lekelela / siza / faka isandla give support to, help someone, assist ncela (isenzo / verb) suck, feed ncelisa (isenzo / verb) baby feed ncibilika (isenzo / verb) melt ncibilikisa (isenzo / verb) make something to melt ncinciza / babaza (isenzo / verb) be surprised, be astonished incoko / ihlaya / isidlaliso (UZL NC 5) joke, comedy, satire incoso / inyama meat oncomekayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the one who is impressive, an impressive one uncomo (UZL NC 3)/ indumiso (UZL NC 6)/ uphakamiso / uhalaliso (UZL NC 3) commendation, praise, congratulation, acclamation, adulation ncoka (isenzo / verb) make a joke ncokola (isenzo / verb) joke (2) ncokola / khuluma / xoxa talk, have a conversation ncoma (isenzo / verb) praise, appreciate; encourage ncomeka (isenzo / verb) be impressive ncuma /mamatheka (isenzo / verb) smile
…ncw…
encwadini in / at / from / to the book incwadi (UZL NC 6)/ ibhuku (UZL NC 2) book (2) letter
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…nd… enda… endabeni (undaweni /locative) in / at / to / from the news endalweni (undaweni /locative) in / at / to / from nature endaweni (undaweni /locative) in / at / to from the place inda… indaba / ingxoxo (UZL NC 6) story, tale indaba (UZL NC 6)/ ibali (UZL NC 2) story, tale, tale, narrative, account, recital, anecdote; chronicle (in isiZulu language indaba / news is singularised and pluralised. When in plural = izindaba) indabamulonyeni / indabizekwayo (UZL NC 6)/ ezisematheni / eziphuthumayo / ezakamumva / ezabasikibebunda (UZL NC 9) news, headline-news, running story, account, news flash, newscast, headlines, press release, rumour, scandal, exposé indabandaba (UZL NC 6)/ umulevo (UZL NC 1.2)/ inhlebo (UZL NC 6)/ umugosi (UZL NC 1.2) rumour, gossip, hearsay, talk, tittle-tattle, news from the grapevine, the latest word on the street (2) indabandaba (UZL NC 6)/ezingemvakwendaba / eziphethayo / ezigoqayo (UZL NC 9)/ isiphetho / isiphelo (UZL NC 5)/ ezinanelayo / ezifigqayo (UZL NC 9)/ umuthandazo-wokuvala (UZL NC 1.2) epilogue, closing address, concluding speech, article, afterword, postscript,
codicil, appendix, tailpiece, supplement, addendum indaba-yakho (UZL NC 6)/ umuthetho wakho (UZL NC 1.2) your narrative, your side of the story, your perspective indabazabantu (UZL NC 6)/ ezomuphakathi / ezoluntu / ezesizwe / ezenhlaloluntu (UZL NC 9) human-affairs, people-affairs, human-settlement affairs, community affairs, social cohesion matters, home affairs indabamukhiqizo (UZL NC 6)/ ezononisazwe / ezomunotho (UZL NC 9) productivity, economic development affairs, efficiency, production, productiveness, work rate, output, yield, capacity, productive capacity, fruitfulness, fertility, productiveness, fecundity, richness, integrated development affairs indabende / indendende / indeyinde (UZL NC 6) long-story, lengthy tale, novel, a biography, monologue indabenhle (UZL NC 6) good-news, beautiful story, nice tale indabembi / izindaba-ezimbi (UZL NC 6)/ umushophi (UZL NC 1.2)/ isehlo / isenzeko (UZL NC 5) bad-news, happening indabizekwayo (UZL NC 6)/ezisematheni(UZL NC 9) topical news, head-line news. Isikandali (UZL NC 5) /umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ ihlazo (UZL NC 2) scandal, outrageous wrongdoing, outrageous behaviour, immoral behaviour, unethical behaviour, discreditable behaviour, shocking news, shocking incident, series of events, impropriety, misconduct. indabuko (UZL NC 6)/ umusukandaba (UZL NC 1.2)/ imvelaphi (UZL NC 6) origin, source, beginning, start, origination, genesis, birth, dawning, dawn, emergence, base, inception, launch, creation, birthplace, cradle, early
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stages, conception, (2) source, derivation, roots, provenance, etymology, descent, ancestry, parentage, pedigree, lineage; heritage, birth, extraction, background, bloodline, genealogy, beginnings indali (UZL NC 6)/ umutitilizo / umudaphuno (UZL NC 1.2)/ ezibuthwayo (UZL NC 9) a sale, a bargain, bargain buy, good buy, cheap buy, good value for money, surprisingly cheap, a steal, giveaway indalo / imvelo (UZL NC 6) nature, the natural world, the living world, Mother Nature, creation, the world, the environment, the earth, Mother Earth, the universe, the cosmos, natural forces; wildlife, flora and fauna, countryside, landscape, scenery. indandabuzwa (UZL NC 6)/ okungakholakali (UZL NC 4) fabricated story, unsubstantiated story, uncollaborated story, a hypothesis, untested assertion indandanda / imfishimfishi (UZL NC 6) something confusing, something without a head or tail, something that is going nowhere indandatho (UZL NC 6)/ iringi yomushado (UZL NC 6)/ isibophonabaphansi (UZL NC 5) a wedding ring indangala (UZL NC 6)/ ikhonde (UZL NC 2) a male baboon indasa (UZL NC 6) a stunted child because of malnutrition indatshana (UZL NC 6)/ ibali (UZL NC 2)/ inganekwane (UZL NC 6)/ icosicosi (UZL NC 6) short story, folktale, indawo (UZL NC 6) place, location, location, site, spot, scene, setting, position, area, region, whereabouts, locale; (2) venue; meeting place (3) (indawo abakubeke kuyo inzima / the position they have given you is difficult) = position, situation, space, seat circumstances, condition, chair,
job, post, appointment, situation, office; employment; employ, status, station, standing, grade, rank, footing, niche; estate, responsibility, duty, job, task, role indawonye (UZL NC 6)/ ubambiswano /ubumbano (UZL NC 3)/ inhlanganyela / inhlanganiso (UZL NC 6) = togetherness, unity, union, unification, integration, amalgamation; coalition, federation, confederation, indaxandaxa (UZL NC 6)/ ixathuxathu (UZL NC 2) a soaking wet and dirty thing onda… onda /zaca / ncipha / ehla (isenzo/verb) be slim, lose weight ondaba (UZL NC 8.1) (see ondabandaba below) ondabandaba / ondabeni / ondaba (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaxoki (UZL NC 7)/ omanalaphongikutshele / abangasali / ondabazabantu /abangashiywalutho / ondabandaba, ondabazingafunibona / omaMugobhozi (UZL NC 8.1) people who mind other people’s business, rumour mongers, gossipers undaba / undabeni / undabandaba / ixoki / umanalaphongikutshele, ongasali / ongashiywalutho / umaMugobhozi (UZL NC 1.1) gossiper, a person who mind other people’s business (2) uNdaba / a Mr. Ndaba undabandaba ((UZL NC 1.1) (see undaba above) rumour-monger uNdabankulu / umuphathiswakazi (UZL NC 1.1)/ induna (UZL NC 6)/ isikhwibisomuthetho / isikhwibisobukhosi (UZL NC 5) chief lobbyists, chief messenger, headmen, traditional leader induna, traditional leader envoy uNdabazabantu / upoyinandi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ezasekhaya / ezenhlalombuso
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/ ezempatholuntu (UZL NC 9) under apartheid this would have been Native Affairs of black Africans from 1994 Home Affairs, People Affairs, Citizen Affairs, human authentication and regulation affairs. In democratic South Africa uNdabazabantu = home-affairs, people-affairs, community-affairs uNdabezitha / uBayede! (UZL NC 1.1) His royal highness, Her royal highness, Your Majesty, your king, your traditional leader, (2) A praise name for Zulu surname undabazandile (UZL NC 1.1)/ isaziwa / isilomo (UZL NC 5)/ unontandakubukwa (UZL NC 1.1) celebrity, famous person, VIP, very important person, big name, famous name, household name, star, superstar, dignitary, luminary, worthy, grandee, public figure, notable person undabani , umamugobhozi / umuthuthizindaba (UZL NC 1.1 ) rumour-monger undabo (UZL NC 1.1) a person with interest in stories ndandaza /ndandazela /gqagqazela / ndindizela / vevezela (isenzo / verb) shake, vibrate, tremble, quiver, quake, shiver, shudder, judder, jiggle, wobble, rock, sway, swing, roll, oscillate; convulse, tremble, quiver, quake, ndawondawo / lapha-nalaphaya /nxazonke / yonke-indawo (yonk’indawo) (isandiso / adverb) here and there, everywhere ndawonye / bambisana / hambisanayo /hlanganyela (isandiso / adverb) together, with each other, in conjunction, jointly, conjointly, cooperatively, in collaboration, in partnership, in combination, as one, in unison, in concert, concertedly, with one accord, in league, in alliance, in collusion, side by side,
hand in hand, hand in glove, shoulder to shoulder, in cahoots ndawozonke / nxazonke / macalonke /yonkindawo / zonkindawo/ jikelele /muhlabawonke (isandiso / adverb) everywhere, all over, all around, in all places, in every direction, in all spots, far and wide, near and far, high and low, here and there, throughout the land, the world over, worldwide; widely, extensively, exhaustively, thoroughly ande… andela/hlanzela (isenzo / verb) multiply for, increase for, e.g amathanga andele abangenamabhodwe (pumpkins have multiplied for those who have no pots) – this is a Zulu saying when good things happen to those who don’t need them ende /esukile / ephakeme / ecokeme / eshiya igabade (isiphawulo / adjective applicable to UZALO NC 6 with im… and in… & 10
the tall one, the long one, the lengthy one inde. / Ilulekile./ indonsile. (UZL NC 6) S/he, it is long, tall, lengthy winded, indebe (UZL NC 6)/ udebe (UZL NC 3) lip, upper lip = indebe engenhla; lower lip = indebe engenzansi, indebe (UZL NC 6)/ umuklomelo (UZL NC 1.2) award, prize, trophy, medal, reward, honours, gong, decoration indebekazi (UZL NC 6)/ udebekazi (UZL NC 3) thick lip (2) big trophy indelelo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuchwensa / ukweyisa (UZL NC 4)/ ubuluhlaza (UZL NC 8.2)/ inhlamba (UZL NC 6) ill-mannered, bad-mannered, impolite, discourteous, impertinent, insolent, impudent, cheeky, audacious, derogatory, disparaging, abusive; tactless, undiplomatic, uncomplimentary, uncivil, presumptuous, disrespectful, unmannerly, crass, (2) indelelo (UZL with prefix imi…, pronoun yona)
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/ ukungakhuli / ukungafundiswa (UZL NC 4) = vulgar, coarse, immature, dirty, crude, lewd, obscene, indelicate, improper, indecorous, salacious, tasteless, in bad taste, risqué, naughty (3) abrupt, sudden, startling, nasty, unpleasant, disagreeable, harsh(4) indelelo (UZL NC 6)/ ubuqaba (UZL NC 8.2) primitive, crude, rudimentary, rough, roughhewn, rough and ready, simple, basic, makeshift indeni (UZL NC 6)/ umongo / umunyombo (UZL NC 1.2)/ inkaba (UZL NC 6)/ injula (UZL NC 6)/ igumbukuzo (UZL NC 2)/ ingqikithi (UZL NC 6)/impande (UZL NC 6)/umusuka (UZL NC 1.2)/ inhliziyo (UZL NC 6)/ umukantsha (UZL NC 1.2) centre, core, interior, middle, nucleus, bosom, nuts and bolts, recesses, bowels, depths; heart, nucleus, nub, hub, kernel, marrow, essence, quintessence, crux, gist, pith, substance, body, basis, bedrock, cornerstone, linchpin, mainspring, foundation, base, underpinning; fundamentals, essentials, basic principles, main ingredients, heart of the matter indengezi / indengelezi (UZL NC 6) something that has wide mouth e.g a basin, (2) something that is wide open indephundephu (UZL NC 6)/ uzimelegelekeqe / umaziphathe / umazibuse (UZL NC 1.1) independence, self-government, self-rule, home rule, self-legislation, selfdetermination, sovereignty, autonomy, non-alignment, freedom, liberty indeyinde / insararansa (UZL NC 6)/ isindandanda (UZL NC 5)/ ihambalihambile (UZL NC 2) lengthy tale; something that is very long, lengthy, protracted, wordy, verbose, discursive, garrulous, prolix, tedious, boring, interminable, wearisome, of NC 6)
considerable length, prolonged, over extended, extensive indi… indibilishi (UZL NC 6)/ isithipha (UZL NC 5)/ imali (UZL NC 6) / engasathengi (UZL NC 6) old coin indici (UZL NC 6)/ ixebe / ixelegu (UZL NC 2)/ indaxa /ingxathi (UZL NC 6)/ inuku (UZL NC 2) a very dirty and untidy or disorganized person indida / inkinga engachazeki (UZL NC 6) muddle, shock, astonishment, bafflement, perplexity, puzzlement, daze, mystification, wonder, stupefaction, disorientation, befuddlement, discomfiture, discomposure, devastation, bewilderment andisa, / zalisa (isenzo / verb) magnify, make bigger, multiply, proliferate, mount up, mushroom, snowball, burgeon, spread, expand, wax endishini (undaweni /locative) in / at / from / to / into the basin indibilishi (UZL NC 6) cent indida / inkinankina / igxubaxaka (UZL NC 6) confusion, uncertainty, lack of certainty, unsureness, indecision, hesitation, hesitancy, scepticism, dubiety, incertitude indiki (UZL NC 2) a form of spirit known for its destruction and demands indiki (UZL NC 2)/ ucikicane (UZL NC 1.1)/umunyana (UZL NC 1.2) pinkie, a small finger, a finger stump indiki (UZL NC 6)/ isinqamu (UZL NC 5) a stump, a stub, an end, a tail end, a remnant, the remains, remainder, a butt; a piece, a part, a segment; indikindiki / ibuthuntu (isiphawulo / adjective UZALO NC 6 & 10 and pronoun yona) blunt, not sharp, unsharpened, dull, dulled, worn (down), edgeless, rounded, flat, thick, obtuse, stubby, stubbed indikimba (UZL NC 6)/ubungako (UZL NC 8.2)/ ibanga (UZL NC 2) extent, aerial coverage, degree, scale, level, size,
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magnitude, scope, extensiveness, amount, coverage, breadth, width, reach, compass, area, expanse, length, stretch, range, compass, proportions, dimensions indilibathwa / indindibala / indingane (UZL NC 6) massive area, big area, staggering object, enormous phenomenon (2) too much, overwhelming, very large indilokwe (UZL NC 6)/ ipitikoti (UZL NC 2) a petticoat, underpants, clothes that are worn under such as undies, male underpants indima (UZL NC 6)/ iqhaza (UZL NC 2) role, input, involvement, participation, contribution, capacity, position, job, post, office, task, duty, responsibility, mantle, place, situation; function, part, contribution, hand. (2) indima (UZL NC 6)/ umugangatho/ umuqathango / umugomo (UZL NC 1.2)/ iqophelo (UZL NC 2) standard, quality, level, grade, degree, worth, calibre, merit, excellence. (3) guideline, norm, law, yardstick, benchmark, gauge, measure, rule, criterion, guide, ideal, touchstone, model, pattern, exemplar, paradigm, archetype, specification, requirement, principle (4)indima (UZL NC 6)/ igxatho / ibanga (UZL NC 2) step, distance (5) indima / umugudu procedure, process, method, principle, rule of living; (standards) code of behaviour, code of honour, morals, scruples, ethics, ideals indimambili / imbaxambili (UZL NC 6)/ idabuli / ibethamumvanaphambili (UZL NC 2)/ ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2) double standard, dual, duplex, twin, binary, duplicate, paired, matched, matching, complementary, coupled, twofold indingiliza / indilinga / ibhulunga (UZL NC 6)/ urawondi (UZL NC 1.1) a round thing, a circle, circular, disc-shaped, disk-like, ring-shaped, annular;
spherical, globular, ball-shaped, globe-shaped, cylindrical, orbicular, (2) okuphelele = complete, one round complete piece indishi (UZL NC 6)/ ubheseni (UZL NC 1.1) a basin, bowl, dish, pan, pot; container, receptacle, vessel. indishindishi / imbaxambaxa / indexendexe / imbishimbishi (ibizo / noun) a fat short person indiva (UZL NC 6)/ ukungathi-diki (UZL NC 4) disregard, indifference, nonobservance; inattention, heedlessness, carelessness, neglect, lack of attention, lack of notice, lack of heed, negligence, carelessness indiza/ indizamushini (UZL NC 6)/ ibhanoyi (UZL NC 2) flight, aeroplane , helicopter, aviation, flying, air transport, aerial navigation, aeronautics. undi… undi (UZL NC 3)/ ikwelenyoni (UZL NC 2) apex, tip, peak, summit, pinnacle, top, highest point, crest, vertex undingasithebeni (UZL NC 1.1)/ umutshingo-ubethwa-ngubani (UZL NC 1.1) a self imposed homelessness person, a destitute by choice or for incomprehensible reasons, a vagrant, a street kid, a beggar, undizisamushini (undizisam’shini) / ukabutenindiza / umukhomandindiza (UZL NC 1.1)/ iphayilothi (UZL NC 2) a pilot, a fighter pilot, captain, flyer, aeronaut, commander, co-pilot, wingman, an aviator, aviatrix; a jock ndi… ndikindiki (isiphawulo / adjective) blunt = ubushuntu /not sharp (2) tasteless = ingxavungxavu = flavourless, unappetizing, unflavoured, savourless, watered-down, watery, weak, uninspired, mild, boring, dull,
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uninteresting (3) numb, (4) lukewarm = ukuba socingweni / be on the fence, be indifferent ndinda /feba (isenzo / verb) be promiscuous, prostitute, have multiple sexual partners, be licentious ndindiza / ndindizela / ngqangqaza / zululeka (isenzo / verb) be dizzy, vibrate, be giddy, be lightheaded, faint, be weak, be unsteady, be shaky, be wobble, off-balance, reel, stagger, be woozy, be vertiginous.(2)be dazed, confused, muddled, befuddled, bewildered, disoriented, disorientated, stupefied, groggy ndiphaza / gqubhuzela /gqubhuza/ zela / zamula (isenzo / verb) feel sleepy, feel drowsy, be tired, be somnolent, be languid, languorous, be dozy, be nodding, be yawning; be lethargic, be sluggish, be inactive, be enervated, torpid, comatose; snooze, dope, yawn; be slumberous; be oscitant, be slumbersome ndiza / tetemuka (isenzo / verb) fly, (2) gcogcoma = be restless endo… endodeni in / at / from / to a man indoda (UZL NC 6) / umunumuzane (UZL NC 1.1)/ injeza (UZL NC 6)/ owesilisa / ubaba (UZL NC 1.1) man, male indo… indodla (UZL NC 6)/ ukumosha (UZL NC 4)/ umoshokudla / umoshomali (UZL NC 3) too much food, a waste, squander (2) indodla (UZL NC 6)/ ifukufuku / ifukufuku (UZL NC 2) clutter, a heap of rubbish, mess, jumble, litter, heap, tangle, welter, muddle, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, mishmash, farrago, confusion, medley indololwane (UZL NC 6) elbow indoni (UZL NC 6) sidonia (2) a beautiful dark skinned woman, “A woman
with the skills to win the hearts of many men, and built only on romance and adventure” (3) indoni (UZL NC 6)/ ubuhlebemvelo / ubundonimanzi (UZL NC 8.2) dark beauty, a smooth-dark beautiful skin, (2) shiny fruit skin with a seed as hard as a rock usually found near water indondo (UZL NC 6)/ umuklomelo (UZL NC 1.2) medal, award, price, decoration, reward (2) indondo / impempe (UZL NC 6) whistle indonsa (UZL NC 6) a morning star indonsabusuku (UZL NC 6) a person who enjoys darkness indophu/ intambo (UZL NC 6)/ umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2) rope ndondoza / nqonqotha/ ngqongqoza (isenzo / verb) knock, knockknock, bang, tap, rap, thump, pound, hammer; strike, hit, beat, batter, buffet, pummel endu… endulela / elamangaphambili / hola, landelwa (isenzo / verb) precede, be followed, come before, be followed after, lead indubazi / imfundamakhwelo (UZL NC 6) inexperienced person, amateur, endumisweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to praise indu… indubo (UZL NC 6) /udubo (UZL NC 3) / ukuduba / ukushingila (UZL NC 4) boycott, abstention, ban, embargo, veto induduzo (UZL NC 6) / umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2) / uzwelo (UZL NC 3) condolences; sympathy; compassion; empathy induku (UZL NC 6) / umushiza (um’shiza) (UZL NC 1.2) stick, twig, branch (2) corporal punishment, punishment (3) induku (UZL NC 6) / ipipi (UZL NC 2) / umuthondo / umuphambili-wendoda (UZL NC 1.2) /
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ubudoda (UZL NC 8.2) penis , phallus, male sex organ, indumezulu / indumezweni (UZL NC 6) / ukhukhulelangoqo (UZL NC 1.1) / inhlanganiso-kawonkewonke (UZL NC 6) mass rally, huge celebration, a mass gathering; convention; commemoration; a gathering of multitudes indumiso (UZL NC 6) / ukubonga / ukubusiswa / ukubusiseka /ukudumisa (UZL NC 4) a prayer, a prayer of thanks, a thanksgiving, a blessing, a benediction, invocation, dedication; grace, thanks, glory, orison indulo (UZL NC 6) / ikudalo (UZL NC 2) / imandulo (UZL NC 2) / iphambili (UZL NC 6) / inkathi eyadlulayo(UZL NC 6) ancient times indumo (UZL NC 6) / ukuduma (UZL NC 4) thundering noise, tumultuous uproar induna (UZL NC 6) / isibonda / isigxobo / isithunywa senkosi (UZL NC 5) / imfolomani (UZL NC 6) the chief messenger of a traditional leader, (2) supervisor, foreman, overseer, superintendent, manager, manageress, boss, team leader, line manager, controller, indunu / ingquza (UZL NC 6) anus, the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which human food waste leaves the body (2) indunu (UZL NC 6) / isidunu (UZL NC 5) coccyx induva disregarded food or thing, undu. uNdunankulu (UZL NC 1.1) Governor, Prime-Minister, Governor-Generaal ndulela / lanywa/ landelwa (isenzo / verb) precede, go before, come before, go in advance of, lead up to, lead to, pave the way for, prepare the way for, set the scene for, herald, introduce, usher in, antecede, predate
…ndl… indlala (UZL NC 6) / ukulamba (UZL NC 4) hunger, lack of food, ravenousness, emptiness; starvation, famine, malnutrition, malnourishment, undernourishment, penury, destitution, indigence, impoverishment (2) indlala (UZL NC 6) /uzagiga (UZL NC 1.1) / imvulaphu (UZL NC 6) gland, glandular indlamu (UZL NC 6) /ukusina / ukugiya / ukushaya (UZL NC 4) ingoma (UZL NC 6) / umugido (UZL NC 1.2) a Zulu traditional dance ukuxhensa – a Xhosa traditional dance undla… undlavini (UZL NC 1.1) a person who is rough, violent, brutal, vicious; aggressive, belligerent, pugnacious, thuggish; boisterous, rowdy, disorderly, unruly, unrestrained, wild, riotous, undisciplined, unmanageable; vulgar person ndla…. ndlala / endlula (isenzo/ verb) lay out, open out, unfurl, unroll, roll out, shake out; straighten out, fan out; stretch out, extend (2) ndlala / neka expose indle… indle (UZL NC 6) / izala (UZL NC 2) outskirt, periphery, isolated, empty land (2) indle (UZL NC 6) / uthuvi (UZL NC 1.1) / amakaka / amasimba (UZL NC 7) excrement, faeces, excreta, stools, droppings; waste matter, ordure, dung, manure, mess, muck; sewage, black water; indlebe (UZL NC 6) ear indlela / umugwaqo (UZL NC 6) way, road, roadway, street, thoroughfare, track, path, pathway, lane, avenue, drive, channel; route, course, direction (2) indlela eya edolobheni /
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the way to town = direction, bearing, course, orientation, line, run, tack (3) indlela yokwenza isinkwa / the way to make bread = method, course of action, process, procedure, technique, system; plan, strategy, scheme; means, mechanism, routine, manner, approach, route, Ndlelanhle! farewell, goodbye, see you, check you, bye-bye indlobho (UZL NC 6) / ichide (UZL NC 2) one eyed person indlondlo (UZL NC 6) senior ancestor indlolothi (UZL NC 6) / inhlizwencane (UZL NC 6) temper, temperament, mood swing, mood diorder indlovu ((UZL NC 6) an elephant indlubu (UZL NC 6) / ubhontshisi (UZL NC 1.1) bean ondlunkulu (UZL NC 8.1) wives of the king, the wives of a traditional leader, the first ladies, the first wives in the polygamous relationship or marriage ondlunye / osendelinye (UZL NC 8.1) blood relatives, relatives from the same blood line, indlu (UZL NC 6) / umuzi (UZL NC 1.2) / ikhaya (UZL NC 2) house, chamber, home, place of residence, homestead, lodging place, a roof over one's head, formal habitation, residence, dwelling, dwelling place, abode, domicile, household, family, family circle, ménage, clan, tribe; brood. (2) clan, kindred, family, tribe, race, strain; dynasty, line, lineage, ancestry, ancestors, bloodline, descent, family tree (3) indlu / ibutho = a regiment, a unit, an outfit, a force; an army, group, corps, division, brigade, battalion, squadron, company, commando, battery, platoon, section, crew, detachment, contingent, band, legion, cohort. indlulamithi (UZL NC 6) a giraffe
indlunkulu (UZL NC 6) the house of the principal wife where there is a polygamy, the house of the first wife (2) the house of the king or chief’s wife; royal household indlunye (UZL NC 6) same family, same blood line, blood relative indluyomthetho / inkantolo (UZL NC 6) the court, indluzula /indlovuyangena (UZL NC 6) / impoqo (UZL NC 6) / udlame (UZL NC 3) brute force, coercion, compulsion, constraint, duress, oppression, enforcement, harassment, intimidation, threats, pressure, pressurization, influence; violence (2) indluzula (UZL NC 6) / amandla (UZL NC 7) strength, power, energy, might, potency, vigour, muscle, stamina, effort, exertion, impact, pressure, weight, impetus; informal punch indluyomuthetho (UZL NC 6) / isishayamuthetho (UZL NC 5) parliament; national assembly; national council of provinces (NCOP); local council; provincial government; undlunkulu (UZL NC 1.1) the wife of the king, the wife of a traditional leader, the first lady, the first wife in a polygamous relationship or marriage ndlula (isenzo / verb) make up the bed; tidy up where one has been sleeping
…ndl…
indlwana (UZL NC 6) / ikopi (UZL NC 2) a small house indlwana (UZL NC 6) / isidleke (UZL NC 5) a bird nest indlwabu (UZL NC 6) masturbation, lone sexual intercourse; auto-eroticism, self-gratification, self-stimulation
…ndw…
indwangu (UZL NC 6) face cloth, dish cloth, piece of material indweba / impempe (UZL NC 6) whistle anga / hakha (isenzo / verb) hug, embrace, cuddle, squeeze, clasp,
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clutch, cling to, hold someone close, hold someone tight, take someone in one's arms, enfold someone in one's arms
…ng…
Anga… Angaba… She/He may… (u…), They may …(ama..) Angabe UZL NC 1.1 must not … angabazayo (UZL NC 7) the hesitant ones angabi UZL NC 1.1 should not be …. Angazi. I don’t know Angazani. / Angazi. / Angazi lutho / Angazani nalutho I know nothing enga… negates nouns with prefix vowel ‘I’ e.g. ingane engadli. / A child that does not eat. (2) enga… = (same, can ) imali engangcwala umuphongolo / money that can fill up a drum. enga… engabe / esikhundleni sokuba instead of engafika She/ He may come (She/He = noun opening with vowel ‘u…’ or pronoun ‘yena’ engadini / ensimini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from to the garden or field enganeni (undaweni / locative) at / from / to / in the child engani / kambe / angithi / empeleni in any case, by the way engangami / untangayethu the same age as me, my peer, my equal, my fellow, my co-worker, my match, my other self, like me , my compeer, my co-equal, my compare, contemporary, person of the same age; rare coeval engathi / engathithi / muhlawumbeni It looks like…,
hopefully, optimistically, with hope, probably, full of hope, perhaps, confidently, expectantly, with anticipation, with assurance, buoyantly, sanguinely, bullishly inga… ingaba (UZL NC 6) it may… UZL NC 8.1 e.g. Ingabaceba. (UZL NC 6: UZL NC 8.1) it may report them Ingabacezula. / Ingabahlukanisa. (UZL NC 6: UZL NC 8.1) it may divide them. It may break them into pieces . ingabankulu (UZL NC 6) if it gets big, If it expands = Ithi ingabankulu ingabe isazekeka. / Once it worsens it is very difficult to rationalise. ingabe / kungabe I wonder…, I wish…, e.g Ingabe ngonani kuwe unizonda kangaka / I wonder what I had done to you to emit so much hatred against me. ingadi / insimu (UZL NC 6) garden, ploughing field Ingaka (UZL NC 6) It is this big. E.g. Inkomo ingaka. / A cow is this big. Ingakubo. / Ingakwakhe. It is by his or her place. Ingale. / Ingemumva. / Isekusitheleni. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is behind. (It = UZL NC 6), It is in concealment. (It = UZL NC 6) They are behind. (They = UZL NC 10) ingalo (UZL NC 6) arm ingane (UZL NC 6)/ umuntwana (UZL NC 1.1) child, baby, toddler inganekwane (UZL NC 6)/ ibali (UZL NC 2) folktale, folktale story, children’s story inganeno / iduzane/ ibuqamama (UZL NC 2) it is closer, it is within reach. (It = UZL NC 6); (They = UZL NC10) Ingani? / Kungani? Why? inganono (UZL NC 6) / isibhamu (UZL NC 5) rifle, AK 47, a revolver, automatic weapon, ingangabo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) it is at their level, it is within their powers,
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authority, mandate, jurisdiction. They are at their level (it = UZL NC 6); (They = UZL NC 10) ingangathi (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) it is at our level, it is within our powers, authority, jurisdiction ingangaye (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) it is at her/his level, it is within her/his powers, mandate, authority, jurisdiction ingangazo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) it is at their level, it is within their powers, authority, jurisdiction ingangezwe (UZL NC 6) /udukathole (UZL NC 1.1)/ imbadlambadla / imbadlazi (UZL NC 6)/ isithabathaba (UZL NC 6) massive, huge, enormous, gigantic, very big, very large, great, giant, colossal, mammoth, vast, immense, tremendous, mighty, stupendous, monumental, epic, prodigious, mountainous, monstrous, titanic, towering, elephantine ingangezwe /udukathole / imbadlambadla / imbadlazi / isithabathaba – It is massive, It is huge, It is enormous, It is gigantic, very big, very large, great, giant, colossal, mammoth, vast, ingaphambili (UZL NC 6) the front, the entrance, It is in front ingaphandle (UZL NC 6) outside, external ingaphezulu above, on, on top ingaphezu kwami / Kungaphezu kwami. it is above me, it is beyond her/him, it is not within my mandate, authority, power, it is beyond my jurisdiction ingaphezu kwakhe (UZL NC 6 & 10) it is above her/him, it is beyond her/him, it is not within her/his powers, mandate, authority onga… onga / khweza / gcina / bekela ingomuso – save, conserve, preserve, keep safe, keep, protect,
safeguard, guard, conserve; salvage, retrieve, reclaim, rescue (2) economize, scrimp, scrimp and scrape; be thrifty, be frugal, tighten one's belt, cut back, make cutbacks, budget, retrench, cut costs, cut expenditure unga... unga …- UZL NC 1.1 / UZL NC 1.2 + verb, may , can e.g. Ungahamba. / You may go. unga… +verb – suffix ‘a’ + .’.i’ don’t, refrain, avoid, desist, stop, hold back… e.g, Ungahambi. /Do not go.. Ungalokothi! / Don’t!; Refrain!; Abstain! Don’t even try.! Ungamuthinti! / Don’t touch him/her! Ungangena. / You may come in. Ungangeni. / Don’t come in. Ungangenisa. / Ungamungenisa. You may bring him or her in Ungangenisa. / Ungashutheka. You may insert. Ungangezwe. / She/He is big as the land, country, nation, tribe, can also refer to somebody who has a sense of exaggeration about himself/herself ungathi – It looks like, It appears as though (plural = sengathi) an unknown phenomen (neutral) kungathi, nga… Nga…./ I (remote past tense) e.g. Ngahamba. / I went . …nga… / infix ‘…nga…’ negates. E.g. Thula / Be quiet – Ungathuli / Do not be quiet. ngabaza / nqikaza (isenzo / verb) hesitate, be reluctant, be uneasy, be unwilling, be disinclined, scruple; have misgivings about ngabazeka uncertain ngabazile hesitated, was uncertain, was uneasy
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ngabazisa cause to hesitate, uncertain ngabaziswa be caused to be hesitant about something ngabaziswe was casued to hesitate by something ngaphambili / phambili in front, before, forward Ngazi kahle. I know very well. Ange… angeke /soze / phine It won’t, never, will never e.g. Angeke kwenzeke lokho. / That will never happen. Inge… ingebhe (UZL NC 6)/ uvalo (UZL NC 3) anxiety, worry, concern, apprehension, apprehensiveness, consternation, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness ingelosi (UZL NC 6)/ inceku (UZL NC 6) / inceku-kaNkulunkulu / ungcwelengcwele (UZL NC 1.1) angel, messenger of God divine being, spirit, paragon of virtue, saint ingeniso (UZL NC 6) (imali engenayo) money received, income, cash inflows, earnings, salary, pay, remuneration, wages, stipend, emolument; revenue, receipts, takings, profits, gains, proceeds, turnover, yield, dividend, incomings, money received ingengelesi (UZL NC 6) a wide open thing ingengelezi (UZL NC 1.1) a person with long face and bald ingevu (UZL NC 6)/ umulomo (UZL NC 1.2) mouth, lips, jaws; maw, muzzle (2) the entrance, opening, entry, way in, entryway, inlet, access, ingress; door, doorway, gateway, gate, portal, aperture, orifice, vent; way out, exit. (3) unproductive lengthy discussion or conversation, talkativeness
onge… ongekho the UZL NC 1.1 who is absent nge… ngemumva / ngale behind ngena (isenzo / verb) come in, go in; gain access to, be admitted (2) penetrate, pierce, puncture, perforate, make a hole in, make a wound in; impale, stick, spike, stab, spear, skewer, run through, ngenelela / gaxela (isenzo / verb) intervene, intercede, involve oneself, get involved, interpose oneself, insinuate oneself, step in, cut in; mediate, arbitrate, conciliate, negotiate, act as peacemaker, act as an intermediary, interfere, intrude. ngenisa (isenzo / verb) allow entry, bring in, let someone or something in ngendlela the way, by the way ngenhla / phezulu / phezu, kwelenyoni up there, on top, at the apex, above, on angi… angi… I don’t , I am not… e.g. Angikho. / I am not here. ; Angizi. / I am not coming . angive I ….very much .e.g. Angive ngimuthanda. / I love her/him very much. Ingi… ingi… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is … e.g. Indaba kaThemba ingibangela inhliziyo ebuhlungu. / Themba’s story causes me a heart ache. ingidi (UZL NC 6 )/ ukhiye (UZL NC 61.1)/ isitshixo (UZL NC 5) padlock ingingila (UZL NC 6 ) gizzard iNgisi (UZL NC 2) English speaking person, British, native of England ingini (UZL NC 6) a person or object with one arm / arms or handle / handles inginga / isicebi (UZL NC 6 ) a very wealthy person
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ongi… ongi… - the one who … me e.g. Ongithandayo /The one who loves me ungi… ungi…- is ….me e.g. Ungibambe ngi… ngibaleka. / You / S/he caught me whilst making an escape. Ngi… + verb … I plus verb (present tense or simple past tense. However, the verb suffix changes from ‘..a ‘ to suffix ‘…e.’ ) Nginga + verb I can Ngiya …+ verb I or I am going …. Ngizo… + verb / I will e.g. Ngizofika kusasa. / I will come tomorrow. Ingo… ingoba …It is because ingobo (UZL NC 6) pantry, a place where food is kept, larder, storage room, store, storeroom; ingoco / ingoje (UZL NC 6) a hidden place, concealed place, secret place, not visible place, invisible place, unseen area, not on view, out of sight, covered, camouflaged, disguised, masked, shrouded, veiled, unrevealed. ingodosi / ingodusi (UZL NC 6) a woman whose bride price has been paid but not yet married but lives with in-laws or her husband to be ingoje (UZL NC 6) secret meeting point, concealed meeting place, a place that is not public view, invisible place, unseen area, not on view, out of sight, covered, camouflaged, disguised, masked, shrouded, veiled, unrevealed. (2) gorge
ingololodela (UZL NC 6)/ uwayawaya / unomuphela (UZL NC 1.1) something eternal, perpetual, with no end, ingolovane / itroli (UZL NC 6) trolley ingoloyi / intshela (UZL NC 6) crust, the burnt part of phuthu, pap or steam bread, outer layer/crusty or crunchy part of bread, ingoloyimuhlaba (UZL NC 6) earth’s crust, outside, exterior; heel, end, remnant. ingoma (UZL NC 6) / umuculo (UZL NC 1.2) / isihlabelelo (UZL NC 5) song, music, rhythmic dance coupled with a song or music ingongoni (UZL NC 6) a type of indigenous grass, Ngongoni grass inkonkoni (UZL NC 6) / ugqingili (UZL NC 1.1) a gay or lesbian ingoso (UZL NC 6) / igundane (UZL NC 2) a small mouse that has a very foul smell… ingosi / ingoje (UZL NC 6) a hiding place, gorge ingosi (UZL NC 6) / ungoti (UZL NC 1.1) a specialist, an expert, ingosimuthetho (UZL NC 6) / ungotimuthetho (UZL NC 1.1) a law expert, a legal specialist, ingoswane (UZL NC 6) a tree that is similar to a fig tree ingozi / inyakanyaka (UZL NC 6) danger, peril, hazard, risk, jeopardy, endangerment, imperilment, insecurity; perilousness, riskiness, precariousness, uncertainty, instability. (2) ingozi (UZL NC 6) / isehlo / isenzeko (UZL NC 5) mishap, death, misfortune, misadventure, mischance, unfortunate incident, injury, disaster, tragedy, catastrophe, contretemps, calamity, blow, trouble, problem, difficulty; ingozi (UZL NC 6) / ukulimala (UZL NC 4) accident, crash, collision, smash, bump, car crash, car accident, road accident, traffic accident, road traffic accident, RTA, multiple crash,
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multiple collision; rail accident, derailment; air accident, air crash; ongoti / ompetha / ochwepheshe (UZL NC 8.1) / izazi (UZL NC 9) experts ungoqo / oncishanayo (UZL NC 1.1) a stingy person, a person who does not give or release money easily, an obsessive saver of money, food, water etc, ungoti / umpetha / uchwepheshe (UZL NC 1.1) / isazi (UZL NC 5) / ingcushe (UZL NC 6) expert, specialist, authority, pundit, oracle, adept, maestro, virtuoso, master, past master, professional, genius, wizard; connoisseur, aficionado, cognoscente, doyen, savant ngo… Ngo…; / Ngiyo / Ngizo… / I will…, I shall…, I would…. ngoba / ngenxa / ngokubona / ngokuthi (isihlangani / conjuction) because, for the reason that, since, seeing to the fact that Ngobaba. / Obaba. It is fathers, it is daddies. Ngobani? / Obani? (UZL NC 8.1) Who are they? Ngoma. / Ngiyoma. / Ngiyokuma. I will stand. Ngoma. I dried up. Ngomile. I’m thirsty, I’m dehydrated. Ngona. I was wrong. Ngoneni? –What have I done wrong? Ngonile. I’m wrong, I’m at fault, I’m inaccurate, I have erred, Ngoze / Ngiyoze… I would… e.g. Ngoze ngifinyelele nami lapho ukhona. / I would also reach your heights. Ngoza. / Ngiyoza. / Ngiyofika. I will come Ingu… ingubo (UZL NC 6) / ilokwe (UZL NC 2) dress (2) ingubo / ingubo-yokulala
/ ublankethi (UZL NC 1.1) blanket ingulube (UZL NC 6) / umadludaka (UZL NC 1.1) / umadakeni (UZL NC 1.1) pig (2) dirty person inguna (UZL NC 6) / imabuli (UZL NC 6) / ingenda (UZL NC 6) stone, marble ingunaphakade / injalonjalo (UZL NC 2) / unomuphelo (UZL NC 1.1) / izulu (UZL NC 2) eternity, ever, all time, perpetuity, the spiritual world, the afterlife, everlasting life, life after death, the life to come, ingungumbane (UZL NC 6) porcupine inguquko (UZL NC 6) / ushintsho (UZL NC 3) / uphenduko (UZL NC 3) / ujikojiko (UZL NC 1.1) / uzalobusha (UZL NC 3) change, modification, variation, conversion, revision, amendment, adjustment, adaptation; reconstruction, rebuilding, recasting, reorganization, renewal, revamping, renovation, remaking; metamorphosis, transformation, mutation, transfiguration, translation, evolution, inguqunguqu (UZL NC 6) / ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2) / isigwiqiqi (UZL NC 5) constant change, ungu… (UZL NC 1.1, human) She/ He is… Ungubani? / Who are you? Ungubani wena? Who are you? UnguThandi na? / Kungabe unguThandi na? Are you Thandi? Nguye. / Nguyena. (UZL NC 1.1, human) It is him/her. (UZL NC 6)
…ngc…
ingca (UZL NC 6) thatching grass ingcaca / obala in plain sight ingcamu (UZL NC 6) / imbobo (UZL NC 6) / isikhala (UZL NC 5) / indawokucusha (UZL NC 6) an opening, a breach, a hole, a gap,an aperture, space, orifice, vent, slot, window, crack, slit, gash, split, fissure, perforation, cleft, crevice, cut, incision, rent, cavity, cranny, groove, chink, eye, mouth; loophole,
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peephole, interstice, (2) contravention, violation, breaking, non-observance, infringement, transgression, neglect, dereliction, failure to observe, non-compliance with (3) a rift, gulf, chasm, division, difference, schism, disunion, estrangement, alienation, discord, dissension, ingcayi / ingcwayo (UZL NC 6) (a female traditional garment worn by women to cover their breasts), ubhodi, ubra (UZL NC 1.1) ungcede (UZL NC 1.1) fantail warbler ngcebeleka / vakasha (isenzo / verb) visit, tour, travel round, travel through, journey through, go on a trip through, go on an excursion in, explore, voyage around, trek around, sightsee in, holiday in, cruise, range over, roam in, rove through, wander through, globetrot; ingcili (UZL NC 6)/ unompeshwana (UZL NC 1.1) a tapeworm, ingcino (UZL NC 6)/ uvala / umagcino/ uthumbu (UZL NC 1.1) the last born person in the family (2) ingcino (UZL NC 6)/ ukuvala (UZL NC 4) closing, final, concluding, final, ending, end, finishing, ultimate, terminal, terminating; valedictory; later, latter ingcithakalo (UZL NC 6) (imali echithiwe) expenditure, spending, paying out, outlay, disbursement, doling out; lavishing, squandering, waste, wasting, frittering (away), dissipation, dissipating (2) outgoings, costs, payments, expenses, overheads, dues, money spent; spending, outlay ngcofa / qala / delela / chwensa (isenzo / verb) tease, make fun of, poke fun at, chaff, make jokes about, rag, mock, laugh at, guy, satirize, be sarcastic about; deride, ridicule, scoff at, jeer at, jibe at; taunt, bait, goad, pick on;
ngcofoza / gxivaza / cindezela (isenzo / verb) press a button ngcola / phixiza / daxaza / hliphiza (isenzo / verb) be soiled, grimy, grubby, filthy, mucky, stained, unwashed, greasy, smeared, ngcolisa / hliphiza / hlaphaza / ona / consisa (isenzo / verb) cause dirt, dirty, mess up, spoil, drop …ngcono (isiphawulo / adjective) better, superior, finer, of higher quality, greater, in a different class, one step ahead; more acceptable, preferable, recommended; ingcuba (UZL NC 6)/ isidumbu (UZL NC 5) carcass, corpse, cadaver, dead body, body, remains, skeleton, relics ingculazi (UZL NC 6) HIV/AIDS ….ngcubangcono (isiphawulo / adjective) some improvement, better than, advance, development, upgrade, change for the better, refinement, enhancement, furtherance, advancement, forwarding; boost, augmentation, raising; correction, rectification, rectifying, upgrading, amelioration; rally, recovery, upswing,
…ngcw…
engcwabeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the grave ingcwaba / ithuna (UZL NC 2)/ indluyokugcina (UZL NC 6) a grave, burying place, tomb, sepulchre, vault, burial chamber, burial pit, mausoleum, crypt, catacomb; last home, last resting place; historical tumulus, barrow; ingcwayi / intombi (UZL NC 6) a girlfriend, an unmarried female lover ingcwayo / ingcayi (UZL NC 6) a female traditional garment worn by women to cover their breasts ingcwembesi (UZL NC 6)/ isihlakaniphi / isidabulane (UZL NC 5)/ ochithekile (UZL NC 1.1) a clever person, an intelligent, bright, smart, brilliant;
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talented, gifted, precocious; capable, able, competent, apt, proficient; educated, learned, erudite, academic, bookish, knowledgeable ungcwelengcwele / umusulwa / ongenasono / ongenasici (UZL NC 1.1) saint, clean-living being, morally perfect-person ungcweti (UZL NC 1.1)/ ingcweti (UZL NC 6)/ ungoti / umpetha / usolwazi (UZL NC 1.1) an expert, a specialist, an authority in the field, a professor, a doctor in the discipline, pundit, oracle; adept, maestro, virtuoso, master, past master, professional, genius, ngcweka / biyela (isenzo / verb) fence, enclose, surround, circumscribe, encircle, circle, encompass, bound, form a barrier around, form a ring round; divide up, section off, separate off, partition off, cut off, cordon off, close off, isolate, segregate, seal, close; ngcweka /shayana / qhathwa ngezinduku (isenzo / verb) stick fighting ngcwele / ngcwelengcwele (isiphawulo / adjective) holy, sacred, consecrated, hallowed, sanctified, venerated, revered, reverenced, divine, religious, blessed, blest, dedicated ngcwelisa / busisa (isenzo / verb) purify, bless, consecrate, sanctify, hallow, dedicate (to God), make holy, make sacred, set apart, devote to God; anoint, ordain, canonize, beatify ngcwetiza / fundisa / hhabulisa / habulisa / qeqesha (isenzo / verb) impart knowledge, train, impart skills, lecture, teach, instruct, teach, coach, tutor, give lessons to, school, educate, up-skill, edify, prime, drill, demonstrate something to, make something clear to; put someone through their paces; inculcate, indoctrinate, condition.
ingcwimbi (UZL NC 6) a target, target (2) a victim of attack, a targeted object, a targeted subject, a targeted recipient, ngcwimbiza / nemba / shaya emuhloleni (isenzo / verb) attack target with precision; pick out, single out, select, choose, decide on, earmark, fix on, aim at, fire at
…ngq…
Ingqa… ingqaba / incweba (UZL NC 6) / isikhwama (UZL NC 5) a bag, a leather bag, a leather bag of medicine and other convenience, a leather handbag, a leather shoulder bag, clutch bag, evening bag, pochette ingqabangu (UZL NC 6) / iqhawe (UZL NC 2) / ingqwele (UZL NC 6) a warrior; a soldier; a fighter, a hero; combatant; brave; a champion; a person of courage; great man; a person of honour ; victor; winner; conqueror, warrior; paladin; knight ingqada / ingquza / ingqadamabele (UZL NC 6) anus ingqaka (UZL NC 6) / isiduli (UZL NC 5) small termite hill; anthill ingqakala (UZL NC 6) filed feet, the side and under of the foot, filed foot, well filed foot underneath and on the edges. ingqakambukiso (UZL NC 6) / isilomo / isithandwa (UZL NC 5) / imfivilithi (UZL NC 6) the favourite, the first choice, the best-loved, the most-liked, the dearest, the most preferred; the pick ; preference, expected winner; front runner ingqalabutho (UZL NC 6) outstanding performer, excellent performer ingqalamba (UZL NC 6)/ ungqwazi (UZL NC 3) strongly built, a sturdy person, a powerfully built person; muscular or athletic person ingqalizivele / ingqayizivele (UZL NC 6) pre-eminent, greatest, leading, foremost, best, finest, chief,
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outstanding, excellent, distinguished (2) unusual; ingqangqa (UZL NC 6)/ igugu (UZL NC 2) a treasure, a precious thing, a rare find, a valuable object, a sentimental object, exclusive work of of art, a gold or platinum jewel, a diamond, wealth, riches ingqathu (UZL NC 6) skipping rope ongqangqazelayo (UZL NC 1.1) the one who is shivering from anger or rage ungqa… ungqaklazo / uqhumane (UZL NC 3) a crack, a split, fissure, crevice, break, fracture, rupture, breach, rift, cleft, slit, chink, gap, cranny, interstice, bang, report, explosion, detonation, clap, pop, snap, crackle, knock, tap, clash, crash, smash, smack ungqamungqoshololo (UZL NC 1.1)/ isiwengu (UZL NC 5) uncontrollable person, defiant, unruly, undisciplined person ngqa… ngqa (isibaluli / adjective) first ever, first time, never seen before e.g Ngiqala ngqa ukumubona / It is my very first time to see him/her. ngqabangqeshe/ ngqabashiya / gxumagxuma (isenzo / verb) jump about ; leap about; spring about; bound ; hop; bounce; skip ; dance; prance; gambol; frolic; frisk; cavort (2) be evasive; prevaricate; be ambiguous (3) overreact; exaggerate; act irrationally ngqaklaza / qhumisa (isenzo / verb) crack, split, fracture, fissure, rupture, break, ngqangqa / veva (isenzo / verb) shiver, quiver, shake, vibrate, tremble, shudder, quaver, quake, palpitate, flutter, convulse ngqangqazela / vevezela (isenzo / verb) be quivering, be shaking, be trembling
ngqangazisa / vevezelisa cause to quiver, make to shake ngqavuza / khulumela-safuthi (isenzo / verb) talk uncontrollably, snap, crack, freak, freak out, get overwrought, get hysterical, ngqazuka / mangaza (isenzo / verb) astonish, surprise, amaze, nonplus, startle, astound, stun, flabbergast, stagger, shock (2) ngqazuka / iba isiphalaphala be attractive, be very beautiful ngqazula / bhoncula (isenzo / verb) uproot, pull up, root out, take out, rip out (2) eradicate, get rid of, eliminate, root out, weed out ingqe… ingqengqetshe (UZL NC 6) / igagu / iciko / isoka (UZL NC 2) a person who is eloquent, persuasive, expressive, articulate, fluent; expressive, ingqephane / ingcithabuchopho (UZL NC 6) a philosopher; independent thinker; bright, intelligent; critical; clear on his or subject matter ngqe… ngqengqetheka / vininiza / tininiza / subatha kakhulu / baleka kakhulu (isenzo / verb) run, sprint, spring with no one close to your speed, run away ngqebeleka /bhavumula / hhayiza (isenzo / verb) scream, cry out, shriek, screech, yell, howl, shout, bellow, bawl, cry out, call out, yawp, yelp, squeal, wail, squawk, squall, caterwaul, ngqengqa / cwepheza (isenzo / verb) walk on the edge or ridge ingqi… ingqikithi / iyonayona / igobuloqu / ingunyuluka / umongo (UZL NC 6) core, central theme, main subject, crux, gist, essence, substance, quintessence, main idea;
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central idea; nub; nucleus; thrust; significant part ingqiliphothwe (UZL NC 6) / ungqimuphothwe (UZL NC 1.2) somersault, sudden change of physical position (2) sudden change of view; surprise turn of events ingqinamba (UZL NC 6) / isikhubekiso (UZL NC 5) / ubuhixihixi (UZL NC 8.2) obstacle, hurdle; difficulty; problem; barrier; stumbling block; impediment; obstruction (2 ) turbulence; rough air currents, irregular atmospheric motion, uneven air movement; roughness, storminess, tempestuousness, heaviness Ongqi… ongqi (UZL NC 8.1) / amafulistophu (UZL NC 7) full stops, a small dot at the end of a sentences ongqingili (UZL NC 8.1) / izitabane (UZL NC 9) gays; lesbians,; homosexuals; bisexual; transgendered people ungqi… ungqi (UZL NC 1.1) / ifulistophu (UZL NC 6) a full stop, full stop ungqiliphothwe (UZL NC 1.1) somersault. ungqingili (UZL NC 1.1) / isitabane (UZL NC 5) / inkonkoni (UZL NC 6) gay, lesbian, homosexual, lesbian, bisexual; transgendered person; homophile ungqimba / ugqinsi (UZL NC 3) a thick layer, ungqingetshe (UZL NC 1.1) / ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2) / inkinankina (UZL NC 6) difficulty, problem, complication, issue, disadvantage, complexity, complicatedness, intricacy, perplexity, knottiness ngqi… Ngqi! ‘I caught you.’ e.g. Ngamubamba ngqi ngazo lezi zami. / I caught him with my bare hands.
ngqimbangqima / gqumagquma (isenzo / verb) layer upon layer ngqimuka / iwa di! Phansi / quleka / iwa (isenzo / verb) collapse, faint, fall, pass out, black out, lose consciousness, fall unconscious, keel over; crumble, be crushed ngqimukile / wile (isiphawulo / adjective) collapsed, fainted, fallen ngqimukiswa / wiswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be collapsed by ngqimukiswe / wiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) caused to collapse by ingqo… ingqoklolo (UZL NC 6) / isifumbu (UZL NC 5) a hump on ones back ingqondo (UZL NC 6) / ubuchopho (UZL NC 8.2) / umucabango (UZL NC 1.2) brain, cerebrum; encephalon. (2) mind; thought; intelligence, intellect, intellectual capacity, mental capacity, brainpower, cleverness; reasoning, wisdom, sagacity, acumen, judgment, (3) understanding, common sense, sense; mind, head ingqomfi / inomfi (UZL NC 6) glue, adhesive, suck on, a sticky paste, ingqosho (UZL NC 6) / ukwala / ukuphika (UZL NC 4) refusal; rejection of authority; disobedience; insubordination ungqo… ungqo (UZL NC 1.1) /impela / ijenuweni (UZL NC 6) / okwangempela (UZL NC 4) genuine; authentic, real; actual, original ungqondongqondo / usomaqhinga (UZL NC 1.1) / iqili (UZL NC 2) a strategist; a tactical or tactful person; plotter, conspirator, intriguer conniver; ungqongqo (UZL NC 1.1) / isihlabani / isidabulane (UZL NC 5) a master; expert, adept, genius; maestro; virtuoso; prodigy; grandmaster; champion; star
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ungqongqoshe / uminista (UZL NC 1.1) (inhloko yezepolitiki yomunyango, ilunga lekhabhinethi kahulumeni) a minister in the executive; elected or appointed members of cabinet; a cabinet member; a member of the executive council (MEC) in the provinces in South Africa; a member who is an executive authority; a member of parliament responsible for ensuring the implementation of policies and programmes of government; an executive leader, a political leader of the department ungqoqwane /ungqweqane (UZL NC 1.1) / isithwathwa (UZL NC 5) / ikhephu (UZL NC 6) frost; ice crystals,; ice; rime ngqo… ngqofa /ngqofoza (isenzo / verb) peck, bite, nip, strike, hit, tap, rap, jab, poke, prick (2) nibble, pick at, pick over, take very small bites from, eat listlessly; eat like a chicken or bird ngqongqa / isha (isenzo / verb) burn into ashes; be on fire; be ablaze, blaze, go up in smoke, be in flames ngqongqoza / kokotha (isenzo / verb) knock, call for attention, ngqongqothela / nqonqothela / gogotha hammer; hit; bang; batter; pummel; beat, ingqu… ingqubo (UZL NC 6)/ inqubo / inqubekelaphambili (UZL NC 6)/ iphambili (UZL NC 2) progress, progression, development, evolution, advancement (2) ingqubo / inqubo (UZL NC 6)/ umuqathango / umugangatho (UZL NC 1.2) procedure, methodology, process, policy, standard, convention; norms and values ingqulathi (UZL NC 6)/ iqili (UZL NC 6)/ ujakalase (UZL NC 1.1) a person who is crafty, devious, sly or deceitful
ingqungquthela (UZL NC 6)/ umubuthano /umubuthwano (UZL NC 1.2)/ inkomfa / ingxoxo (UZL NC 6) conference; congress; annual general meeting (AGM) convention; seminar; colloquium; symposium, forum; convocation; summit, ingquza / ingqada / ingqadamabele (UZL NC 6) anus, rectum ungqu… ungqubuzwano / ugqubuzwano (UZL NC 3)/ impikiswano (UZL NC 6) (ukungaboni ngaso linye, ukugejana ngamazwi) disagreement, dissent; difference of opinion, dispute; variance; controversy; disaccord, contention, divisions (2 ) argument, debate, quarrel, wrangle, squabble, altercation; contretemps; misunderstanding; strife, conflict; bickering; sparring,; clash ungqumuzo (UZL NC 3)/ ingxoxiswano (UZL NC 6)/ ilekgotla (UZL NC 6) dedicated discussion, a conversation, talk, dialogue, discourse, conference, debate, exchange of views, consultation, deliberation, talks, negotiations, parley; argument, dispute ngqu /jephu / lunguza ngokushesha (isenzo / verb) pop, peep, go bang, go off, crack, burst ngqubuza / shaya ngekhanda / shaya ngesiphongo(isenzo / verb) hit something with head or frontal area, bang with head or face; hit with frontal area ngqubuzana / shayana (isenzo / verb) hit each other ngqulatha / gebenga / lelesa (isenzo / verb) deceive, delude, hoodwink, mislead, trick, dupe, fool, doublecross, cheat, defraud, swindle, outwit ngqumuza / xoxisana / bonisana (isenzo / verb) discuss, examine, explore, study, analyse, go into, scrutinize,
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review; deal with, treat, consider, concern itself with, write about, tackle ngquphaza / zela (isenzo / verb) nod off; fall asleep ngquphazela (isenzo / verb) nod off towards ngquphazisa help one to nod off, nod off like
…ngqw…
ingqwaba (UZL NC 6)/ iqulu (UZL NC 2) crowd, throng, mob ingqwababa (UZL NC 6) a collar-bone ingqwabamasi (UZL NC 6)/ ugalakajane (UZL NC 1.1) a person who has a sense of self -importance; a conceited or arrogant person
…ngw…
ingwenya (UZL NC 6) a crocodile (2) a sly or deceitful person ingwevu (UZL NC 6) a grey haired person (2) a beast with white spots ungwengwe (UZL NC 3) turf, grass covering, lawn, sod ungwengwezi (UZL NC 3) mouth thrush, a mouth candidiasis (2) coating, layer, covering, overlay, coat ingwici (UZL NC 6)/ ithwabu (UZL NC 2) hiccup,
…ngx…
Ingxa… ingxabano / impi / impikiswano / ipere (UZL NC 6)/ ukulwa (UZL NC 4)/ uqhekeko (UZL NC 3) (ukungaboni ngaso linye) quarrel, argument, disagreement, row, commotion, uproar, tumult, fight, bad blood ingxavungxavu (UZL NC 6) tasteless food, (2) a thing that is distasteful, unpleasant, disagreeable, inedible, disgusting, sickening, nauseating, nauseous, horrible ongxa… ongxamile / othukuthele (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the angry one
Ungxamile. (UZL NC 1.1) She/He is angry ngxama / thukuthela / dinwa (isenzo / verb) be angry, be irate, be annoyed; be upset; be cross, be vexed, be irritated; be exasperated; indignant, aggrieved, irked, piqued, displeased ngxamela (isenzo / verb) be angry at ngxamile (isiphawulo / adjective) angry ngxamelwa (isenzo / verb) have others be angry at you ngxanyiswa (isenzo / verb) be made angry by , be angered by ngxavuza / gxavuna grab, seize, grasp, snatch, seize hold of, grab hold of, take hold of, catch hold of, ingxangxatheka (UZL NC 6)/ isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5) packed stuff, jammed stuff (2) crowd, crush, pack, jam, squash, wedge oneself, shove, push, jostle, throng, engxe… engxenye / eceleni (undaweni / locative) on the sidelines ingxemu / insanga (UZL NC 6) squint eyes, screwed eyes, crossed eyes ingxephephe (UZL NC 6)/ isinxephexelo (UZL NC 5) an apology, a remorse, contrition, deep regret, repentance, penitence, guilt ingxenye (UZL NC 6) part, component, fragment, segment, piece; portion, share, proportion, percentage, fraction, division, section, constituent, element, unit, module, episode, a series, a sector ingxibongo / ingxobongo (UZL NC 6) smallpox ungxiwankulu (UZL NC 1.1) a capitalist, capitalist ingxo… ingxoko (UZL NC 6) conical grain store (2) a bicycle , a motorized phenomenon, something with wheels ingxotho (UZL NC 6)/ ihlazo (UZL NC 2) shame; humiliation,; disgrace,
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dishonour; discredit; degradation; ignominy; disrepute ingxoxo / imvunge / uhlisanomakhanda / inkulumompikiswano discussion , argument, dialogue, debate, symposium ingxubevange / inhlobonhlobo / inhlanganisela (UZL NC 6) a mixture of different things, an assortment, miscellany, medley, melange, blend, variety, mixed bag, mix, diversity, collection of different things ingxushungxushu / inxushunxushu (UZL NC 6) a nuisance, disturbance, disorder, unrest,
…nhl…
enhla… enhla / ngenhla (isibaluli / adverb) up, above, at the apex, on top e.g. enhla nedolo / ngenhla kwedolo above the knee (b) enhla nomuzi / ngenhla nomuzi above the house enhlanganweni /enhlanganisweni (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to the gathering, at the meeting, at the congregation, at the conference, inhla… inhlaba (UZL NC 6) aloe inhlabathi (UZL NC 6)/ umuhlabathi (UZL NC 1.2) soil, sod, earth, loam, ground; earth, loam, humus, marl inhlakanipho (UZL NC 6)/ ukukhalipha (UZL NC 4) / ukhanda (UZL NC 3) wisdom, sagacity, sageness, intelligence, brilliance, understanding, insight inhlalakahle (UZL NC 6) welfare, social welfare, social development, social security, benefit, state benefit, government support to its citizens (2) well-being, health, good health, happiness, comfort, security, safety, protection, prosperity, profit, good, success, fortune, good fortune,
advantage, interest, prosperousness, successfulness. inhlamba (UZL NC 6)/ isethuko (UZL NC 5)/ ukuthuka / ukuhlambalaza (UZL NC 4) insult, offence, affront; abuse; slight, disparage, discredit, libel, slander, malign, defame, denigrate, cast aspersions on, impugn, slur, revile, calumniate inhlambeko / inhlambuluko (UZL NC 6)/ ukugeza (UZL NC 4) cleansing, purification, a ritual to rid one of bad luck and misfortunes of life inhlanhla / ithamusanqa (UZL NC 6) luck, good fortune, good luck, success, successfulness, prosperity, advantage, advantageousness, felicity inhlangano (UZL NC 6)/ umubutho / umubuthwano (UZL NC 1.2) organisation, congregation, company, firm, concern, operation, corporation, institution, group, establishment, consortium, society; conglomerate, combine, syndicate; federation, confederation, alliance, coalition, association, movement, society, league, club, network inhlanganiso (UZL NC 6)/ uhlaka (UZL NC 3)/ isakhiwo (UZL NC 5) structure, arrangement, scheme, plan, pattern, order, form, format, framework, system, composition, constitution, shape, make-up, configuration; systematization, methodization, categorization, classification, codification. inhlanganisela (UZL NC 6) a synthesis, a combination, union, amalgam, blend, mixture, compound, fusion, coalescence, composite, concoction, conglomerate, alloy; combining, unification, uniting, merging, amalgamation, conglomeration, weaving, interweaving, reconciliation, marrying
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inhlamvu (UZL NC 6) bullet, ball, bullet, cannonball, slug, projectile; pellets, ammunition. inhlanu / iyisihlanu (UZL NC 6) five, 5 inhlanzi (UZL NC 6)/ ufishi (UZL NC 1.1) fish (2) an accomplished swimmer unhla… uNhlaba / uMeyi (UZL NC 1.1) May month uNhlangulana (UZL NC 1.1) June month nhla… nhlanhlatha / duka / hlomeka / shaya-eceleni (isenzo / verb) go astray, off target, wide of the mark, wide, awry; off course, off track, off the right track, adrift; nhlanhlatheka to go astray, to be off target, to be wide of the mark, wide, awry; off course, off track, off the right track, adrift nhlanye on one side, nhlangothizombili /ndawozombili / nhlazonke / macala-onke on both sides, all sides nhlazonke / nhlangothi-zombili (see nhlangothizombili above) enhle… enhle (UZL NC 6) a / the beautiful one enhle-kabi (UZL NC 6) a / the very beautiful inhle… Inhle. (UZL NC 6) She/He/It is beautiful Inhle kabi. (UZL NC 6) It is very beautiful inhlekelele (UZL NC 6)/ umushophi (UZL NC 1.2) a massive accident, a massacre, mass murder, mass killing, big accident, genocide, inhlekisa (UZL NC 6) mockery, laughing stock, ridicule, derision, jeering, sneering, contempt, scorn, scoffing, joking, teasing, taunting, sarcasm, ragging, chaffing, jibing;
inhlemu (UZL NC 6)/ umusocongi (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkabi (UZL NC 6)/ umusuculuzi (UZL NC 1.1) (umubulali othengiwe) assassin, murderer, killer, executioner, gunman, butcher, slaughterer, liquidator, exterminator, terminator; slayer, homicide, hitman , contract man, hired gun inhlese / impene (UZL NC 6) sexual appetite, glimpse (2) inhlese (UZL NC 6)/ isenhle (UZL NC 5) fine beer inhleza (UZL NC 6)/ ithambo (UZL NC 2) bone onhle… onhlekabayeni (UZL NC 8.1) characters that just find humour even where it does not exist onhlekisa (UZL NC 8.1) the mockers, the bullies inhlinini (UZL NC 6) a grin, a fake smile, a patronizing smile, inhli… inhliziyo (UZL NC 6) heart = Zulu sayings and meaning = (a) inhliziyo enhle / kind heart, (b) inhliziyo embi / stone hearted, (c) inhliziyo emhlophe / a heart with no grudges, (d) inhliziyo ebuhlungu / sadness, disappointed, hurt, aching heart (e) inhliziyo ende / patience, perseverance and tolerance (f) inhliziyo engaphandle / greedy (g) inhliziyo encane / short tempered; nausea (h) inhliziyo enkulu / pleasant and welcoming (i) inhliziyo egaya izibozi / entertain evil thoughts (j) inhliziyo elukhuni / grudge and unforgiving (k) nhliziyombili / being undecided, being in dilemma or predicament (l) inhliziyo emunyama or ecanuzelayo / lack of appetite (m) inhliziyonye / consistent act of good will or friendship Inhlo…
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inhlobo (UZL NC 6)/ uhlobo (UZL NC 3) type, kind, kind, sort, variety, class, category, classification, group inhlobonhlobo / ingxubevange (UZL NC 6) various type, diverse, different types, numerous inhloko (UZL NC 6)/ ikhanda (UZL NC 2) head, skull, cranium (2) leader of an institution (3) meat of the head area inhlokosela (UZL NC 6)/ umancishana (UZL NC 1.1) a sty, a swelling in the eye as a result of bacterial infection inhloli (UZL NC 6) a spy, intelligence official; secret agent; undercover agent; counterspy; fifth columnist, mole, plant, scout, control, handler inhlolinhloli (UZL NC 6) / umushoshaphansi (UZL NC 1.2) counter intelligence, counter-espionage inhlolo (UZL NC 6)/ uphenyo / uphicotho (UZL NC 3) evaluation, interrogation, examination, interview inhlolobuchule (UZL NC 6) efficiency audit inhlolobuqu / inhlolomuzimba / inhlolosiqu (UZL NC 6) physical inspection, physical audit, physical assessment inhlologalelo / inhlolobuchule / inhloloqophelo (UZL NC 6) impact assessment, efficiency audit, quality audit inhlololwazi / inhlolosipiliyoni / inhlolokhono (UZL NC 6) knowledge assessment, skills audit, interview, skills and knowledge verification inhlolomusebenzi (UZL NC 6) performance assessment, work performance assessment, performance appraisal inhloloqophelo (UZL NC 6) quality audit inhlolovo (UZL NC 6)/ ucwaningo (UZL NC 3) a survey, study, consideration, review, overview; scrutiny, scrutinization, examination, inspection, exploration, appraisal, synopsis, outline, overall picture
inhlolokhono / inhlololwazi (UZL NC 6) job interview (2) skills audit inhlonipho (UZL NC 6) respect, esteem, regard (2) high opinion;,acclaim; approval, praise, reverence, deference, honour, homage inhlonhlo (UZL NC 6) a curved head hair line plural amanhlonhlo (2) heavy brow, inhlukano (UZL NC 6) / isahlukanisi (UZL NC 6) / uqhekeko (UZL NC 3) separation, disconnection, detachment, severance inhlosi (UZL NC 6) / ibhabuli (UZL NC 2) / ufishi (UZL NC 1.1) sea-barbel, fish inhloso / injongo (UZL NC 6) aim, objective, object, goal, end, target, grail, holy grail, design, desire, desired result, intention, intent, plan, purpose, idea, point, object of the exercise; ambition, aspiration, wish, dream, hope; resolve; unhlo… uNhlolanja / uFebruwari (UZL NC 1.1) February month nhlo ever since e.g Seleke kwathi nhlo! Asizange sezwana. / Ever since! we have never been in agreement nhlobo / nhlobo nje/ nhlobonhlobo / kazazamnge/ khange / zange/ phinde / lutho / lutho luthela / akacingi / akafisi lutho (isandiso / adverb) not at all, never, at no time, not at any time, not ever, not once, on no occasion; …nhlobonhlobo - various, several, sundry, assorted, varied, varying, miscellaneous, diverse, diversified, manifold, multifarious; …nhlobozonke – all kind, all different types inhlu… inhlunu / igquthu (UZL NC 6) / igolo (UZL NC 2) vagina,
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inhlupheko (UZL NC 6) / ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2) / umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) poverty, penury, destitution, indigence, pennilessness, privation, deprivation, impoverishment (2) suffering, hardship, pain; distress, misery, wretchedness (3) inferiority, mediocrity, poorness; discrimination; barrenness, aridity, sterility, racism, sexism, prejudice
…nhlw…
inhlwa (UZL NC 6) / umuhlwa (UZL NC 1.2) termite inhlwabusi / inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) flying termite inhlwathi (UZL NC 6) python (snake)
…nj…
Anjalo. (UZL NC 7) They are like that. Anjani? (UZL NC 7) How are they? enja… enja (UZL NC 7 of …) of the dog enjabhisweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the place of sorrow and sadness enjalo (UZL NC 6) like that enjani? (UZL NC 6) what kind inja… inja (UZL NC 6)/ umugodoyi (UZL NC 1.2) dog injabulo / intokozo (UZL NC 6)/ ukwethaba (UZL NC 4) happiness, joy, contentment, pleasure, contentedness, satisfaction, cheerfulness, injabhiso (UZL NC 6) (ukukhala nokugedla kwamaziyo) sorrow, misery, sadness, sadness, unhappiness, dejection, regret, depression, misery, disappointment, Injalo / nse! / ifana ncimishi (UZL NC 6) exactly, precisely, entirely, absolutely, accurately, completely, totally, just, quite, in every way, in every respect,
Nja… njalo / zikhathizonke / mihla yonke / zonke izinsuku all the time, every time, forever, everyday njalo njalo / kuze kube phakade / ingunaphakade forever and ever, eternally njalo nje Each time, at all material times, Njani? Kanjani? (isandiso / adverb) how? how come? Njadini! (insult) like a dog itself, dammit Anje… Anje. / Anjena (UZL NC 7) They are like this. , They are as you see them., They are exactly like this Anjenjenje / ncamashi / usheleni – They are exactly like this. enje… enje / enjena (UZL NC 6) like this inje… Inje. / injena . (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) as this., It is like this injenga / injeza / indoda (UZL NC 6) a man, a masculine gender, a male Injeya. (UZL NC 6) It is like that Injeyaya. (UZL NC 6) It is like that thing far away or remote Onje… onje (UZL NC 1.1) like this. , the one that looks like this unje… Unje. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) She/He / It is like this. Unjenjenje. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) She/He / It is exckly like this. Unjeya. (UZL NC 1.1) She / He / It is like that. Nje… nje / kanomubani / yansukuzonke / yawonkewonke / ejwayelekile
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(isiphawulo / adjective) just, ordinary, usual
isib. Angifuni ukuphila impilo nje, ngifuna ukuphila njengesicebi. (I don’t want to like just a life. I want to live like a wealthy person) Nje! , ehhe!/ ehhene! (isandiso / adversb) Yes! , That’s right. , I follow you nje… like, as isib. Njengenkomo like the cow, as a cow njenga / fana like, similar to njengabantu like people, as humanity, njengabo (UZL NC 8.1) like them, as them, similar to them njengalo (UZL NC 2 or UZL Nc 3) like it, as it, similar to it njengamanje right now, like now, as of now njengami like me, as me, similar to me njengani (second person: plural) like you, as you, similar to you (plural) njengathi like us, as us, similar to us njengawe (second person: singular ) like you, as you, similar to you (singular) njengawo (UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) like it / them, as it / the, similar to it / them njengaye (UZL NC 1.1) like him or her, as him or her, similar to him or her njengayizolo like yesterday, as yesterday, similar to yesterday njengayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) like it / them, as it / them, similar to it / them njengazo (UZL NC 9) like them, as them, similar to them njengenja like a dog njengoba / njengokuba as , just as, like as , whereas, since, in as much njengokuthi it is like, just as, whereas, in as much njenje / ncimishi (isandiso / adverb) exactly, spot on, precisely, accurately inji… injini (UZL NC 6) engine injisuthi / intsha (UZL NC 6) a gang of young people, youth, young people
injitimane /incwasimende / ingcwabasi / inkisimane / inkinsela (UZL NC 6) a rich and refined gentleman, a man that turns women’s heads, a handsome and rich man, a handsome monied and man with style njo (isenzukuthi / ideophone) stare without blinking injobo / ingubo (UZL NC 6)/ ilokwe (UZL NC 6) a dress, a gown, a wedding dress, an evening dress, injoloba (UZL NC 6)/ isihlilingi (UZL NC 5) an elastic, a rubber, injongo / inhloso(UZL NC 6) objective, strategic objective, aim, intention, purpose, target, goal, intent injongo (UZL NC 6)/isikali (UZL NC 5) a small container for alcohol unjo… unjongwe (UZL NC 1.1)/ inyongo (UZL NC 6) bile, acidity, indigestion njo… njolozela / gqolozela (isenzo / verb) stare, glaze inju… injula (UZL NC 6) depth injulangqondo / injulamucabango / inhlakanipho (UZL NC 6)/ iqondanqubo (UZL NC 2) deep thoughts, philosophy, wisdom nju.. njunjuza / ncinza / gwaza stab painfully, of stabbing painfully
…njw…
injwayelo / inhlalayenza (UZL NC 6) constant , frequent, regular, repeated, recurrent, consistent, constant, unchanging, unvarying, orderly, systematic, fixed, symmetrical
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injwayezi / inhlalayenza (UZL NC 6) / isiqhelo (UZL NC 5) habit, addiction, mannerism, addiction, dependence, dependency, craving, fixation, compulsion, obsession, weakness;
…nk…
Inka… inkahlankahla (UZL NC 6)/ isizemazema (UZL NC 5) anything that is massive, huge, enormous, gigantic, big, overwhelming shoshozela / njunjuzela (isiphawulo / adjective) stabbing painfully enka… enkabeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / from / in the depth of or bell button enkampanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the company eNkandla (undaweni / locative) in iNkandla enkangala (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the wilderness enkanjini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the camp enkanyezini (undaweni / locative) to / at / from / in the star enkazimulweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the illumination, brighteness or place of brighteness or enlightenement inka… inkaba (UZL NC 6)/ isibhono (UZL NC 5) belly button (2) inkaba / injula (UZL NC 6) depth inkabane (UZL NC 6) a relative from mother’s side inkabi (UZL NC 6)/ umusocongi (UZL NC 1.1) an assassin, murderer, killer, executioner, gunman, butcher, slaughterer, liquidator, exterminator, terminator (2) inkabi / inkunzi (UZL NC 6) an ox, bull, bullock, steer, beef; beast of burden, draught animal. inkafunkafu / inkavunkavu (UZL NC 6)/ amahlayihlayi (UZL NC 7) coarse, cereal, husky or throaty kind of food,
inkahlankahla (UZL NC 6)/ isizemazema (UZL NC 5) anything that is massive; huge; enormous; gigantic; big; overwhelming inkakha (UZL NC 6)/ umakhonya / umpetha (UZL NC 1.1) the leader of a gang, the ultimate authority, the kingpin, the know-how of an organization, the chief strategist behind whatever plot inkala / inhlaba (UZL NC 6) aloe inkalane (UZL NC 6) a type of aloe used as medicine for chickens inkalankala (UZL NC 6)/ usomugedle (UZL NC 1.1) crab inkalakatha (UZL NC 6) a courageous person; a brave person; a person of integrity; a person of moral stature (2) top dog, urbanite, a streetwise person, inkameyane / indasa (UZL NC 6) a manulished child, a child or baby that cries helplessly all the time because of hunger pain and suffering inkamba (UZL NC 6)/ ukhamba (UZL NC 3) a clay pot, clay pot inkambabeyibuza (UZL NC 6)/ (ingozi enkulu) a big accident, a massive wound, a scar that attracts attention inkambi / inkambu / ikhempu (UZL NC 6) camp (2) faction inkambiso / ingqubo (UZL NC 6)/ umugomo (UZL NC 1.2) methodology, rule, ruling, order, directive, act, law, by-law, statute, edict, canon, ordinance, pronouncement, mandate, dictate, dictum, decree, fiat, proclamation, command, injunction, procedure, requirement, prescription, precept, guideline; inkampani (UZL NC 6) company inkanankana (UZL NC 6) anything that is mysterious; puzzling; which is an enigma, conundrum, riddle, secret, unsolved problem, problematic, questionable inkani (UZL NC 6)/ ukobho (UZL NC 3)/ ukhandashisa (UZL NC 6) stubbornness,
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headstrongness, wilful, unyielding, inflexible, obstinate, unbending, intransigent, intractable, obdurate, mulish, inkanuko / intshisekelo (UZL NC 6)/ umudlandla (UZL NC 1.2)/ isifiso (UZL NC 5) longing, yearning, craving, desire, want, wish, hankering, urge, need, hunger, (2) eagerness, keenness, ardour, fervour, warmth, passion, zeal, zealousness, zest, vivaciousness, energy; vigour, dynamism, vehemence (3) interest, passion, obsession, fad, craze; inclination, preference, inkandla forest district (2) iNkandla President Zuma’s traditional place of residence inkangala (UZL NC 6) a semi-desert place, an expansive open place, a wasteland, waste, wilderness, wilds, dust bowl, barren land (2) iNkangala District Municipality = the name of one of the district municipalities in South Africa inkangelo (UZL NC 6)/ ihlo / iso (UZL NC 2) eye (2) inkangelo (UZL NC 6) (okufunwayo) anything being searched (3) inkangelo (UZL NC 6)/ umubono / ikusasa (UZL NC 2)/ umucabango (UZL NC 1.2) a vision, a sight, eyesight, a dream of brighter future, faculty of sight, power of sight, ability to see the future, visual perception, observation, view, glimpse into the future inkangiso (UZL NC 6)/ umubukiso (UZL NC 1.2) display, exhibition, exposition, exhibit, array, show, arrangement, presentation, demonstration; spectacle, parade, pageant, extravaganza; inkangiso (UZL NC 6) / umuhlobiso (UZL NC 1.2) an exhibition, a display, a show, showing,; exposition, expo, fair, trade fair, world fair;
inkangulo (UZL NC 6)/ umuhwangu (UZL NC 1.2) a spot of fire, a fire scar, a defaced tissue because of fire burn inkankane (UZL NC 6)/ unongqangqa (UZL NC 1.1) bird, ibis inkantini (UZL NC 6) canteen, a restaurant, cafeteria, refectory, aplace to lunch or dine inkantolo (UZL NC 6)/ indlumuthetho / inkundlamuthetho (UZL NC 6) court, court of law, law court, bench, bar, court of justice, judicature, tribunal, forum, chancery, assizes; courtroom inkanyamba (UZL NC 6)/ uMamulambo (UZL NC 1.1)/ isishingishane (UZL NC 5) a tornado storm, a twisterwhirlwind, windstorm, cyclone, typhoon, inkanyezi (UZL NC 6) star inkanyiso (UZL NC 6)/ ububenyebenye (UZL NC 8.2) illumination, brightness, luminescence, light, shine; gleam; glow inkatha (UZL NC 6) a wrapped cushion used to carry something on one’s head (2) iNkatha yenkululeko yesizwe = iNkatha Freedom Party (IFP) (3) KwaNkatha = a place of execution (4) Nkatha = name of the person inkathazo (UZL NC 6)/ isihlubulimoya (UZL NC 5) trouble, problems, difficulty, issues, bother, inconvenience, worry, anxiety, distress, concern, disquiet, unease, irritation, vexation, annoyance, stress, agitation, harassment, unpleasantness; inkathi (UZL NC 6) time, period, epoch, era, moment, point, point in time, occasion, hour, minute, second, instant, juncture, stage, phase, age, inkazimulo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuqonda (UZL NC 4) illumination; revelation, enlightenment, insight, revelation, discovery, understanding, awareness (2) explanation, instruction; learning, education, information, knowledge, edification inkawu (UZL NC 6) monkey
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nkashela / cupha (isenzo/ verb) get a lift, get offered a ride, squart, be temporarily accommodated, benefit momentary, be on transit, unka… unkabi / ubhululu / umungane / umuhlobo (UZL NC 1.1) a associate, a friend, a colleague unkamisa (UZL NC 1.1) a vowel, a vowel alphabet (a, e, i, o, u) inke… inkece (UZL NC 6)/ uhlweza (UZL NC 3)/ushintshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ (imali ewuhlweza) coins, loose coins inkedama / intandane (UZL NC 6) a orphan, a person who has no relatives inkehli / intombazane (UZL NC 6)/ itshitshi (UZL NC 2) a girl, an unmarried girl, a young woman, a young girl, a teenager inkemane (UZL NC 6)/ ukulamba (UZL NC 4)/ indlala (UZL NC 6) hunger, starvation, craving for food, inkemenkeme / ingozi (UZL NC 6)/ isifaca (UZL NC 5) a scar, once upon a time a big wound, a mark, an imprint, evidence inkemba (UZL NC 6)/ isizenza / isikhali / isilimazo (UZL NC 5) a weapon, ammunition inkentshane (UZL NC 6) someone who loves meat (2) hunting dog inkeshezane (UZL NC 6) a tiny bit, a very small portion onke… onke (UZL NC 7) all unke… unkentezi (UZL NC 1.1) echo, reverberation, a resound nke… nkeneza/ nkenteza (isenzo/ verb) resound, echo, re-echo, reverberate,
ring out, fill the air, boom, peal, thunder, rumble, reverberate, echo, re-echo, resonate, ring; vibrate, pulsate nkenketha / futha-kabuhlungu (isenzo/ verb) hurt severely, ache, have excruciating pain inki… inkiba / ingidi (UZL NC 6)/ ukhiye (UZL NC 1.1)/ isitshixo (UZL NC 5) a padlock, a key, an access card, a lock, (2) isibambo = a door handle inkinankina / inxushunxushu / igxushugxushu (UZL NC 6) entanglement, intertwined-thing, entwine, tangle, intertwist, twist, ravel, snarl, knot, coil, mat, jumble, muddle. inkinobho (UZL NC 6)/ ibhathini (UZL NC 2) button, inkihlinkihli / impihlimpihli (UZL NC 6) something massive and smudgy, a heap of mud, a heap of muddy something inkinga / ingqinamba / inkathazo (UZL NC 6)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ isiphulanhliziyo / isonamoya (UZL NC 5) problem, setback, worry, difficulty, issue, trouble, complication, difficult situation, mess, muddle, mix-up; snag, hitch, drawback, stumbling block, obstacle, hurdle, hiccup, setback, challenge inkinsela (UZL NC 6)/ isicebi / isigwili / isiqumama (UZL NC 5) / ingquphunga (UZL NC 6) a very wealthy person, a wealthy and educated person , a wealthy and civilized person, an elite, nonpareil, elect; aristocracy, nobility, gentry, upper class, privileged class, top class, inko… inkohlakalo / inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ uhwibilizo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuziphatha ubunuku (UZL NC 4)/ uphulomithetho
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corruption, fraud, bribery, evil deed, immoral act, inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ amanga (UZL NC 7)/ ukusenga ezimithiyo (UZL NC 4) deceit, lies, deception, underhandedness, deviousness, slyness, cunning, craftiness, craft, inkokheli (UZL NC 6)/ umuholi (UZL NC 1.2)/ ingqothovu (UZL NC 6) leader, intellectual, tutor inkokhelo (UZL NC 6)/ umuholo (UZL NC 1.2) pay, fine, remuneration, payment, pay, salary, wages; earnings, fee(s), stipend, emolument(s), honorarium, remittance, consideration, reward, recompense, reimbursement, repayment inkokhelo / imfundiso (UZL NC 6)/ umuqathango (UZL NC 1.2)/ ingqubomugomo / impathompilo (UZL NC 6) principles, morals and values, norms and standards, teaching, lesson, socialization, moral principles, ethics, moral code, morals, moral values, standards, moral standards inkolo / inkolelo / inkokhelo (UZL NC 6) religion, belief, belief system, faith inkomazi (UZL NC 6) female cow for milk inkomishi (UZL NC 6) cup, a mug, (2) tournament cup, a trophy, chalice; award, prize inkomo (UZL NC 6) a cow (2) ilobolo (3) an area that covers the vagina inkomozi / igquthu (UZL NC 6)/ imomozi (UZL NC 6) sexual part in whole of a female inkomba (UZL NC 6) / isiqondiso (UZL NC 5) an arrow, a direction, an indication, sign, indicator, symptom, mark, manifestation, signal, demonstration, evidence, attestation, proof; omen, augury, portent, warning, forewarning, pointer, guide, hint, clue. (2) a directive, expression, demonstration, show, exhibition, (UZL NC 3)
display, manifestation, revelation, disclosure, register, record, declaration, communication, intimation. inkombankombana (UZL NC 6) shifting of blame inkomponi (UZL NC 6) compound, staff quarters, inkondlo (UZL NC 6)/ izibongo (UZL NC 9)/ umubhedesho (UZL NC 1.2) a poem, verse, song, rhyme, piece of poetry, verse composition, metrical composition inkonjane / inyoni yezulu (UZL NC 6) a swallow (bird) inkonkoni / indodamfazi (UZL NC 6)/ ugqingili (UZL NC 1.1)/ isitabani (UZL NC 5) a bisexual, hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic; androgynous, epicene inkonyane (UZL NC 6) a calf, calf inkonzo (UZL NC 6)/ isonto / icawe (UZL NC 2)/ indawo-yokukhonza (UZL NC 6) church service, church service, inkosana (UZL NC 6) first born son in the family, prince (umuntwana) inkosazane (UZL NC 6)/ uMakhosazane (UZL NC 1.1) first born girl in the family, princess inkosi (UZL NC 6) a chief, a traditional leader, a leader of a specific area and specific tribe or people/clan, (2) Lord, God, the Father, Jehovah, the Almighty, the Supreme Being, the Deity; Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ, Christ the Lord, the Messiah, the Saviour, the Son of God, the Redeemer, the Lamb of God, the Prince of Peace, the King of Kings. inkosikazi (UZL NC 6)/ umakoti (UZL NC 1.1) a wife, spouse, partner, mate, consort, woman, bride; one's better half, the missus, inkotha (UZL NC 6) name of a bird inkowankowane (UZL NC 6) the mushroom like plant that is dangerous
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unko… unkonka (UZL NC 1.1) buffalo nko… nkonkoshela / bambelela (isenzo / verb) hold tight enku… enkulu (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6) the big one inku… inkucunkucu (UZL NC 6) grime, dirt, rubbish, a heap of waste, dust, soot, smut; muck, mud, filth, mire, sludge, slime, ooze, dross, scum, pollution, waste; smudges, stains inkuhlu /inkununu / inkuhlunkuhlu (UZL NC 6) thrush like, infection of the mouth and throat by a yeast-like fungus, causing whitish patches also called candidiasis. inkukhu (UZL NC 6) chicken inkulisa / inesaru / ikhreshi (UZL NC 6) creche, a pre-school, nursery, child care facility inkuliswano (UZL NC 6) engagement for learning purposes, persuasion, engagement, intellectual discussion, inkulu (UZL NC 6) It is big. , It is huge., It is massive, inkululeko (UZL NC 6) freedom, liberation, independence, inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) one thousand inkume (UZL NC 6) centipede inkulumo (UZL NC 6)/ amazwi (UZL NC 7) speech, talk, address, lecture, discourse, oration, disquisition, peroration, declamation, deliverance, presentation; sermon inkulumompikiswano / ingxoxompikiswano (UZL NC 6) debate, discussion, exchange of views, discourse, parley, argument inkumbulo (UZL NC 6)/ izilokotho (UZL NC 9) memory, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence,
evocation, reminder, souvenir, echo, impression. inkundla / indawo (UZL NC 6) a place, a location, a site, a scene, venue, a region, area, (2) an address, a place of residence, a domicile, a habitation, (3) a court, a playground, a sports field, a field, inkungu (UZL NC 6) mist inkunkuma (UZL NC 6) rotten stuff, rot, decay, decomposition; corrosion; mould, mouldiness, mildew, blight, canker, putrefaction, putrescence, wet rot, dry rot. inkununu (UZL NC 6) vaginal thrush, inkunzana (UZL NC 6) a small beast inkunzi (UZL NC 6) ox, bull, bullock, steer, beef; beast of burden, draught animal. inkunzimalanga (UZL NC 6)/ unkunzimalanga (UZL NC 1.1) an admirable person, a magnificent, majestic, or imposing person inkuthazo (UZL NC 6) / ukukhuthaza (UZL NC 4) encouragement, support, motivation, incitement, stimulation, animation, invigoration unku… uNkulunkulu / uMvelingqangi / uSimakade / uSomandla// uMuninimandlonke/ uJehova /uSebawoti / uHathatha (UZL NC 1.1) God, Almighty, the Father, Jehovah, the Almighty, the Supreme Being, the Deity; the Supreme Mother , allpowerful, omnipotent, supreme, most high, pre-eminent; invincible nkulu (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6 & 9) big, massive, great, huge inkomo enkulu / a big cow (UZL NC 6), izingane ezinkulu / huge children = UZL NC 9
...nkw…
enkwa… enkwalini (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the quarry
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inkwa… inkwali (UZL NC 6)/ izimayini zamatshe (UZL NC 9) quarry; stone mining , pit, colliery, excavation, inkwali / insila (UZL NC 6) dead skin in the feet area, body grime unkwa… unkwanyinkwayizo (UZL NC 3) baby cry nkwa… nkwankwaza (isenzo/ verb) stammer nkwayinkwayiza (isenzo/ verb) cry, cry like a baby inkwe… inkwe (UZL NC 6) bush-baby inkwethu (UZL NC 6) dandruff, dead skin in a person’s head, thrush inkwenkwezi (UZL NC 6) a morning star inkwi.. inkwindla (UZL NC 6) autumn, pre winter season
...nq…
Inqa… inqaba (UZL NC 6) a fortress, fort, castle, citadel, blockhouse, burg, keep, tower, donjon, turret, bunker; stronghold, redoubt, fortification, bastion; fastness; hold, fortalice (2) inqaba (UZL NC 6)/ iqaba (UZL NC 6) nonconformist inqadi (UZL NC 6)/ iqadi (UZL NC 2)/ umasibili (UZL NC 1.1) the second wife in terms of hierarchy in polygamous relationships inqaku / igoli (UZL NC 6) score, results, outcome, goal, rating, grading, mark, percentage inqama / imvu (UZL NC 6)/ isiklabhu(UZL NC 5) sheep, ram, ewe, lamb, wether, bellwether; inqanawe (UZL NC 6) something excellent, unsurpassable, beyond this world, unbelievable
inqawe (UZL NC 6)/ igudu / ipipi (UZL NC 2) a smoking pipe unqa… unqamulezo (UZL NC 3)/ umunqamulezo (UZL NC 1.2)/ isiphambano (UZL NC 5) a cross, crucifix, rood unqangi (UZL NC 3) first born twin nqa… nqaba /landula / phika (isenzo/ verb) refuse, decline, turn down,; reject, spurn, scorn, rebuff, disdain, repudiate, dismiss, repulse; withhold, not grant, disapprove, deny, discountenance nqabela / alela (isenzo/ verb) deny someone, disapprove something, debunk someone, reject someone to or something, dismiss someone nqabelwa / alelwa (isenzo/ verb) be refused, be dismissed, be turned down nqabile / aleliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) denied, dismissed, refused (2) nqabile / …ngatholakali scarce, infrequent nqaka / bamba (isenzo/ verb) catch, seize, grab, snatch, nqamuka / canda / phuka / hlephuka (isenzo/ verb) break, chop, cut in half, break in half, break it into many pieces, disintegrate, split, crack into pieces, hew, lop, cleave, snap nqamula / dlula (isenzo/ verb) cross over, travel across, go across, pass through, cut across, make one's way across, traverse nqamulela (isenzo/ verb) take a short cut, take the short route, arrive sooner, (2) shorten; summarise, be brief nqanda / vimba (isenzo/ verb) prevent, block, stop, avert, block nqandela / vimbela (isenzo/ verb) prevent for, block someone
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nqandisa / vimbisa (isenzo/ verb) help someone to stop something or someone nqandiwe / vimbiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) prevented, barred nqandwa (isenzo/ verb) be prevented, be blocked nqantula / ikha (isenzo/ verb) pull off crops, harvest, break from stem, plug off, inqe… inqe / intshe (UZL NC 6) a vulture inqekle (UZL NC 6)/ ilangabi (UZL NC 2)/ umulilo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ikhoza (UZL NC 2) conflagration, fire, blaze, flames, inferno, firestorm, holocaust. Nqe… nqena / vilapha / khathala (isenzo/ verb) be lazy, idle, vegetate nqenisa / khathaza / vilaphisa causing one to be lazy, causing one to loose enthusiasm on something inqi… inqina (UZL NC 2) the team of hunters (2) cow heel, trotter (3) chicken leg (4) the part above the fetlocks of an animal or human inqindi (UZL NC 6)/ isibhakela (UZL NC 5) a fist, clenched hand (2) inqindi (UZL NC 6)/ umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2)/ isiqhamo (UZL NC 5) final result, upshot inqinkla / ungiklane piece of cartilage on the breast-bone inqiwa (UZL NC 2)/ igqubu (UZL NC 2) grudge, pique, bitterness inqiwu (UZL NC 2)/ usongo / uzungu (UZL NC 3) plot, conspiracy, secret plan, stratagem nqi… nqika / ncika (isenzo/ verb) lean against, rest, be propped up, recline, be supported (2) tsheka = slant, incline, bend, tilt, be at an angle, slope, tip, bank, list, heel, careen, cant, bias, veer, sway, angle (3)
nqika / thembela = depend, rely, count on, (5) nqika / fanana = resemble, look like nqikanqika / ngabaza (isenzo/ verb) be irresolute, be undecided, indecisive, hesitant, tentative, unsure, uncertain, equivocating, dithering, wavering, teetering, fluctuating, faltering, ambivalent, divided, two minds, torn apart, be in a dilemma, in a quandary, doubtful, in doubt, uncommitted, unresolved, undetermined nqikaza (isenzo/ verb) hesitate, be reluctant, have misgivings (2) nqikaza / xega womble, be unstable, be without balance (3) nqikaza nod = nqikizisa ikhanda nod nqikisa / ncikisa lean, prop up, support nqinda / nciphisa / nquma (isenzo/ verb) discharge, dismiss, remove, eject, expel (2) deter, dissuade, disincline, turn aside; put off inqo… inqobo (UZL NC 6) decisive action, precondition, predetermination (2) inqobo / impela (UZL NC 6)/ inqoboka (UZL NC 2)/ umuthunjwa (UZL NC 1.2) captive, prisoner of war ikuphela / iqiniso (UZL NC 6) actuality, truth, fact, reality inqola (UZL NC 6) a wagon, vehicle inqolobane (UZL NC 6) grain-hut (2) inqolobane (UZL NC 6)/ umuthombolwazi (UZL NC 1.2) encyclopedia inqonqoyi / indonsa (UZL NC 6) planet Jupiter nqo… nqoba / hlula / wina / phumelela (isenzo/ verb) conquer, defeat, beat, win, succeed, vanquish, trounce, annihilate, (2) seize, take possession of, take control of, take over, colonise, appropriate, subjugate,
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capture, occupy, invade, annex, overrun, win (3) climb, ascend, mount, scale, top, crest ,(4) overcome, nqobela (isenzo/ verb) conquer for nqobisa (isenzo/ verb) help one to conquer, assist one to win, assist one to succeed nqobile (isiphawulo / adjective) conquered inqu… inqubekela / inqubekazinguquko / inqubekashintsho (UZL NC 6) evolution, development, progression inqubekelaphambili / intuthuko (UZL NC 6) / ukukhula, ukuchuma, ukuthuthuka (UZL NC 4), impucuzeko (UZL NC 6), uchumo, ukhuphukozinga (UZL NC 3), progress, improvement, evolvement, growth, advancement, civilisation inqubo / indlelakwenza /indlela / ifomula / imetodi (UZL NC 6) procedure, way, technique, method, formula, foute inqubomugomo (UZL NC 6) umuhlahlandlela (UZL NC 1.2) / isiqondiso (UZL NC 5) policy, dogma, guideline, plan of action (POA), strategy implementation plan inqubomugudu (UZL NC 6) ukwenzakulandelana (UZL NC 4) process, manner, progression inqudulu (UZL NC 6) a beast or cow without horns (2) a human being without hair inqulu (UZL NC 6) hip-bone, hip nquma / hlinza / sika / bulala (isenzo/ verb) cut, slaughter, kill, butcher (2) decide, resolve, determine, reach a conclusion (3) nquma / vundla (isenzo/ verb) lie across, be placed across (3) sentence; reach a verdict; be decisive (4) nquma / qina (isenzo /verb) solidify, harden, go hard, set, gel, thicken, stiffen, congeal, clot nqumela (isenzo/ verb) cut for, slaughter for (2) decide for (3) lie across for
nqumile (isiphawulo / adjective) cut, slaughtered (2) decided (3) solidified nqunu / buze (isiphawulo / adjective) naked (2) poverty stricken
…nqw…
inqwa… inqwaba / ingqumbu (UZL NC 6) a heap, a pile, an accumulation, inqwabangqwaba (UZL NC 6)/ izinkumbula (UZL NC 9)/ isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5) countless, innumerable, scores of…, crowds of …, unqwa… unqwanqela (UZL NC 3)/ (umuthi wokugabha, umuthi wokuphalaza, umuthi wokuhlanza) medicinal plant root used as an emetic, medicinal plant root used to induce vomiting in order to cleanse one self internally nqwa… nqwabelana (isenzo /verb) heap up, accumulate nqwaha / thiba / soma (isenzo /verb) stand at bay, refrain, abstain, desist, hold back, stop oneself, withhold; forbear, forgo, nqwamana / bhekana ubususo nobuso/ umulomo nomulomo (isenzo /verb) face it; confront it nqwaza / shuqula / thwala ekhanda (isenzo /verb) cover one’s head inqwelo / inqola (UZL NC 6) a wagon, a trailer on wheels, nqwe… nqwena / khononda / bhoboka / bhikisha (isenzo /verb) growl, grumble, complain, moan, groan, whine, mutter, grouse, bleat, carp, cavil, protest; object to, speak out against, find fault with
…ns…
insa…
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insaba / inhloli / impimpi (UZL NC 6) a spy , secret agent, undercover agent, enemy agent, National Intelligence Agency (NIA) official, military intelligence official insabuli / imvubu (UZL NC 6) sjambok, a long, stiff whip, insakansaka (UZL NC 6) shapeless, formless, amorphous, unformed, indefinite, nebulous; misshapen.(2) baggy, badly cut, sack-like, tent-like, oversized insakavukela / inhlalayenza (UZL NC 6) a daily occurrence, quotidian; happening daily; usual; insala (UZL NC 6)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ intambo (UZL NC 6) a rope, cord, cable, line, strand, hawser; string. insalela (UZL NC 6)/ izinsalela (UZL NC 9) the leftover, the remainder, leavings, uneaten food, remainder, unused supplies, unwanted, spare, scraps, off cuts, remnants, remains insangu (UZL NC 6)/ (ugwayi oluhlaza) dagga, marijuana, cannabis inse… insebenziswano (UZL NC 6)/ ubambiswano (UZL NC 3)/inhlaliswano (UZL NC 6) synergy, syndication, cooperation, greater interaction, working together, teamwork, partnership, liaison, association, synergy, unity, concurrence insele (UZL NC 6) ratel, badger insambatheka / insumansumane (UZL NC 6) mystery, enigma, puzzle , conundrum inselele / igqinamba (UZL NC 6) challenge, problem, difficult task, test, trial; trouble, bother, obstacle declare dispute, confront with facts, inselelo (UZL NC 6) challenge , confrontation with, dispute with, stand against, test of, opposition, disagreement with; questioning of, defiance, ultimatum.(2).justification,
excuse, pretext, occasion, call, motivation, motive, cause, grounds, reason, purpose, need. insense (UZL NC 6) (plural) amansense (UZL NC 7) = crack on ones feet insephe (UZL NC 6) springbuck, insephe /inkakha (UZL NC 6) / umpetha (UZL NC 1.1) champion, exponent, astute, intelligent, quick-witted person, a perceptive person, a sharp thinker, a shrewd person, patron insi… insidwane (UZL NC 6)/ amakhaamunandi (UZL NC 6)/ amakha / iphunge-elihle (UZL NC 2) a perfume, scent, fragrance,, eau de cologne, cologne, spray, aftershave, smell, odour, aroma, scent, fragrance, bouquet, redolence insika (UZL NC 6)/ isisekelo / isigxobo / isibonda (UZL NC 5) a pillar, an upright post, a pole (2) insika (UZL NC 6)/isisekelo (UZL NC 5)/ umugogodla (UZL NC 1.2) = mainstay, central component, centrepiece, prop, linchpin, cornerstone, pillar, bulwark, buttress, chief support, backbone, anchor, foundation, base, bastion (3) insika (UZL NC 6)/ isibonda (UZL NC 5)/umuqapheli (UZL NC 1.1)= a counselor, a mentor, a coach, an adviser, counsellor; a Chief’s councilor, a leader’s confidante, insikazi / (isilwane sesifazane) (UZL NC 6) a female beast insikelelo (UZL NC 6)/ uxolelwano (UZL NC 3)/ ushwele (UZL NC 1.1) mercy, leniency, lenience, clemency, compassion, grace, pity, charity, forgiveness insila (UZL NC 6)/ (ukungcola komuzimba) body generated dirt (2) one’s life and blood (3) DNA insimbi (UZL NC 6) a bell, an alarm, chime, gong, alarm, peal, knell, toll, a signal, a warning, an alert (2) steel, metal, iron, ore, iron made tool,
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insimbi-kayigobi (UZL NC 6)/ uqweqwe (UZL NC 3)/ isikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 5) strong character, outstanding personality, ethos, resilient person insini (UZL NC 6)/ uhleko (UZL NC 3) laughter, amusement, entertainment, humour, mirth, merriment, gaiety, hilarity, glee (2) insini (UZL NC 6) gum {izinsini (UZL NC 9)/ gums} insindiso (UZL NC 6)/ uzalobusha (UZL NC 3)/ ukusindiswa (UZL NC 4) rebirth, revival, renaissance, renascence, resurrection, reawakening, renewal, resurgence, regeneration, restoration, new beginning; revitalization, rejuvenation, revivification; reincarnation insingizi (UZL NC 6) ground-hornbill insipho (UZL NC 6) soap, detergent, cleaner, cleanser insiza (UZL NC 6) / isincedisi / isilekeleli (UZL NC 5) gadget, apparatus, aide, appliance insizi (UZL NC 6) / umulotha (UZL NC 1.2) ash, cinders, ashes, embers, clinker insizwa (UZL NC 6)/ ibhungu / inene (UZL NC 2) gentleman, a young man inso… inso (UZL NC 6) kidney {izinso (UZL NC 9)/ kidneys} insokolo (UZL NC 6)/ ukusokolisa / ukuhlwithwa komubuso / ukuhlaselwa (UZL NC 4)/ inhluphekiso (UZL NC 6)/ ukuhlushekiswa (UZL NC 4) seizure, occupation, invasion, conquest, takeover insolozi (UZL NC 6)/ unsolozi / ukhukhamba / ukhukhumba (UZL NC 1.1) cucumber insomi / inganekwane (UZL NC 6) falsestory, fiction insu… insu (UZL NC 6) kidney stone insuka (UZL NC 6)/ umusuka (UZL NC 1.2) cause, root cause, origin
insumansumane / inkilayithela (UZL NC 6)/ isimanga (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2) (into engazwakali) extraordinary, absurd, preposterous, ridiculous, ludicrous, farcical, laughable insumpa (UZL NC 6) wart insundu / ibrawuni (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is dark brown insungulo / indaliso (UZL NC 6) invention, origination, creation, innovation, devising, contriving, contrivance, formulation, development, design; conception, masterminding, pioneering, introduction, discovery, finding unsu… unsundu (UZL NC 3)/ umunyama (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubundoni-manzi (UZL NC 8.2) darkness colour, brownish colour, dark complexion
…nsw…
inswe… inswebu (UZL NC 6)/ ukufanana (UZL NC 4)/ inqotho (UZL NC 6) similitude, resemblance, similarity, likeness, sameness inswelaboya / impungushe (UZL NC 6)/ isigebengu (UZL NC 5) trickster, swindler, cheat, fraud, fraudster inswempu (UZL NC 6)/ isikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 5) forceful person, bold, decisive, assured, authoritative, strong-willed, insistent, firm, determined, commanding, bullish, dominant, domineering, assaultive unswi… unswinyo (UZL NC 3)/ indubo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuduba / ukunswinya (UZL NC 4) sanction, embargo, ban, prohibition, boycott, imposition of barriers, imposition of restriction nswi…
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nswininiza (isenzo / verb) speak in a squeaky voice, screech in a small voice, speak with a tiny voice nswinya / godla / duba (isenzo / verb) sanction, blacklist, ban, bar, limit, veto, embargo, boycott, spurn, snub, restrain, shun, avoid (2) nswinya / ncishana / ncisha (isenzo / verb) be stingy, be ungenerous
…nt…
enta… entabeni (undaweni / locative) to / from / at / in the mountain entanyeni (undaweni / locative) to / from / at / in the neck inta… intaba (UZL NC 6)/ isicongo (UZL NC 5) mountain, peak, height, elevation, eminence, prominence, summit, pinnacle, mountain-top, alp, horn iNTaliyane (UZL NC 2) Italian intamo (UZL NC 6)/ umuqalo (UZL NC 1.2) neck intambama (UZL NC 2)/ ukushona kwelanga / iselimathunzi (UZL NC 2) afternoon, the time from noon or lunchtime to evening intandane / inkedama (UZL NC 6) (umutshingo ubethwa ubani, umuntu ongenabani, umuntwana owashonelwa ngabazali bonke) orphan, a person with no parents intaka (UZL NC 6) a sparrow intambo / indophu (UZL NC 6)/ umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2) a rope, cord, cable, line, strand, hawser, string intandabuzo (UZL NC 6)/ unqikazo (UZL NC 3) hesitation intando (UZL NC 6) will, wish, desire (2) love concoction intathakusa (UZL NC 6)/ ubhadakazi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukusa (UZL NC 4)/ uvivi (UZL NC 3) (ekuseni kakhulu, ngokukhala kwezinkukhu, ngelokukikiza
kwezinkukhu) dawn, early hours of the morning intatheli (UZL NC 6)/ ijenalisti (UZL NC 2) (owezindaba, umubiki wezindaba, umuhleli wezindaba, umubhali wezindaba) a journalist, reporter, correspondent, columnist, writer, commentator, reviewer, blogger, editor, subeditor, copy editor, paparazzo; unta… untanga / uwethu (UZL NC 1.1) a peer, an equal, a person of same or similar age group, a fellow, a contemporary (ubuningi / plural) = ontanga / people of same or similar age untangawami (UZL NC 1.1) a person of same age as me, my age group untangayakhe (UZL NC 1.1 ) his/her age group untangayethu (UZL NC 1.1 ) a person of same as age us, or similar age group as us, our age group untangayabo (UZL NC 1.1 ) a person of same or similar age as them, their age group untantane (UZL NC 3 ) floating object ntambama / imini yantambama in the afternoon, after lunch, after 12noon but before evening nta… ntangasa / tanasa (isenzo / verb) walk with legs apart, walk in a strange way, walk in an unusual way with some difficulties ntanta / dada (isenzo / verb) float, stay afloat, hover on the air, levitate, be suspended, hang, defy gravity (2) move up and down, go up and down ntantatheka / zula / ntanta / ehla wenyuka (isenzo / verb) move about, go up and down ntantathekisa / zulisa / ntantisa / ehlisa wenyuka (isenzo / verb) cause to be unstable, cause to move about
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ntathathekiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to move about ntantisa (isenzo / verb) cause to float (check ntanta above) ntantiswa (isenzo / verb) be made or caused to float (check ntanta above) inte… intembeko (UZL NC 6 )/ ukuthembeka (UZL NC 4) moral correctness, uprightness, honourableness, honour, integrity, morals, morality, ethics, principle; truthfulness intela (UZL NC 6 ) tax, intela yexabiso lempahla, intelagugu = Value Added Tax (VAT); intela yenzuzo yekhanda = Personal Income Tax (PIT), intela yenzuzo yenkampani = Company Income Tax (CIT), intela yokunethezeka = Capital Gains Tax (CGT), intela yempahla engenayo = customs duty, levy, tariff, duty, toll, excise, impost, contribution, assessment, tribute, tithe, charge, fee; liability, dues intengiso (UZL NC 6) (okudayiswayo, impahla edayiswayo) merchadise, commodity, item, material, type of produce, product, article, object, thing, artefact, import, export intengiso engenayo = import, intengiso ephumayo = export intengo / inkokhelo (UZL NC 6 )/ ixabiso / inani (UZL NC 2) price, cost, charge, fee, terms, payment, rate, fare, levy, toll, amount, sum, total, figure, worth, (monetary) value; ixabiso elibhekiwe, inkokhelo elindelekile, intengo ebhekiwe, inani elibhekiwe = asking price, intengo eyamukelekile, ixabiso elamukelekile, inkokhelo eyamukelekile = selling price, outlay, expense, expenses, expenditure, bill, valuation, quotation, estimate; damage. intethe (UZL NC 6 ) the/ a / grasshopper,
intethelelo (UZL NC 6)/ ushwele / uxolelwano (UZL NC 3 ) forgiveness, pardon, absolution, exoneration, remission, dispensation, clemency, mercy, pity, lenience, leniency; acquittal inti… intibane (UZL NC 6) wart-tog intilibathwa (UZL NC 6) trillion intilintili (UZL NC 6) greatest abundance intintibane / igugu (UZL NC 6) precious thing into… into (UZL NC 6)/ utho (UZL NC 3 ) thing intofontofo (UZL NC 6) soft objects, soft thing, velvety thing, feathery (2) comfort intokazi / intombinkulu (UZL NC 6 )/ iqhikiza (UZL NC 2) a lady, noblewoman, gentlewoman, duchess, countess, peeress; baroness, dame, grand dame. intokaji / inonje / intasika (UZL NC 6) a particular forgotten thing, a thing that has been forgotten, intwethize / inomayini (UZL NC 6) a thing, something, anything, everything intokozo / injabulo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuthokoza / ukujabula / ukusasa / ukwesasa / ukwethaba / ukwenama/ ukuvuya (UZL NC 4)/ ubumunandi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuncinciza-bo (UZL NC 4) joy, enjoyment, pleasure, satisfaction, cheerfulness, cheeriness, merriment, merriness, gaiety, intoli / utolika / umushumushi translator, interpreter intolibhantshi waistcoat intombazane (UZL NC 6)/ itshitshi (UZL NC 2) (umuntu wesifazane osemuncane) a girl, a young female, a young woman, a little girl (plural UZL 7 = amantombazane / girls )
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intombi (UZL NC 6)/ ijongosi (UZL NC 2) a young woman, a young lady, an unmarried woman intombi-nto (UZL NC 6) virgin intondo (UZL NC 6) quantity that exceeds trillion intonga (UZL NC 6)/ ubhoko (UZL NC 3)/ induku (UZL NC 6) stick; walking stick intongomane (UZL NC 6)/ ikinati (UZL NC 2) ground nut, peanut, nut (plural UZL 7 = amantongomane, amakinati, / ground nuts, peanuts, nuts) intothombela (UZL NC 6) sleek person or thing, well rounded person or thing, (2) well groomed, stylish, wealthy-looking, prosperous-looking intothoviyane / intethe (UZL NC 6) grasshopper, yellow smelly locust ntofozela / thamba / thofozela (isenzo / verb) be soft, be velvety, be smooth, be cushiony, fleecy, downy, leathery, furry, silky, silken, satiny, spongy, squashy intu… intuba (UZL NC 6) / umufantu (UZL NC 1.2) / igebe (UZL NC 2) / imbobo (UZL NC 6) a gap, an opening, aperture, space, breach, chink, slit, slot, vent, crack, crevice, cranny, cavity, hole, orifice, interstice, perforation intulo (UZL NC 6) a gecko, gecko intukuthelo (UZL NC 6) / ulaka (UZL NC 3) / ukuvevezela / ukungqangqa (UZL NC 4) anger, upset, the state of being furious, displeasure, resentment; rage, fury, wrath, outrage, temper intuthu (UZL NC 6) / ukushunqa (UZL NC 4) smoke, fumes, exhaust, gas, vapour; smog intuthuko (UZL NC 6) (izinga lempilo elingcono) development, progress, growth, prosperity, comfort, nice life, improvement, upgrade, better life intuthwane (UZL NC 6) ant ntula / swela / hlupheka (isenzo / verb) be needy, poor, deprived, disadvantaged, underprivileged, in
want, needful, be an indigent, be impoverished; be destitute
…ntsh…
Intsha… intsha (UZL NC 6)/ ulusha (UZL NC 3)/ abasha (UZL NC 8.1) (abantu abasebasha) the youth, young people, intshakazi/ intshakaza (UZL NC 6) flower-tuft of corn, the tuft that covers mealies, the reed of a maize plant intshe… intshe (UZL NC 6) ostrich intshebe (UZL NC 6)/ amadevu (UZL NC 7) beard, facial hair, intshede (UZL NC 6)/ umusizi (UZL NC 1.2) soot intshela (UZL NC 6)/ isikhokho (UZL NC 5) crust intshi… intshisekelo (UZL NC 6)/ ugqozi / ufuqufuqu (UZL NC 3) passion, fervour, ardour, intensity, enthusiasm, eagerness, zeal, zealousness, vehemence, vigour, commitment, fanaticism, violence; fervency, ardency ntshi… ntshinga / lahla / shiya / yeka/ chitha (isenzo / verb) throw-away, discard, dispose, get rid of, relinquish, repudiate, abandon, intsho… intshontsho / inyama (UZL NC 6) meat intshozi (UZL NC 6) stare, gape, fixed look ntsho… ntshontsha / eba / thathangozipho (isenzo / verb) steal ntshontshile (isiphawulo / adjective) stolen ntshotshela (isenzo / verb) steal for
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ntshontshisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to steal intshu… intshumentshu (UZL NC 6) (umubese omukhulu) a long knife usually used as a weapon intshungu (UZL NC 6) climbing gourd
…ntshw…
intshwamu (UZL NC 6) a person or thing that is dehydrated; emaciated, wrinkled, aged, thin, skeletal, bony, wasted, scrawny, skinny, anorexic ; undernourished untshwamu (UZL NC 3) the person who is wrinkled, a person who is aged with wrinkles, ntshwama / ntshwamuka / guga / bothoka (isenzo / verb) be dehydrated; look old and wrinkled, be emaciated, be wrinkled, be aged, be thin, be skeletal, be bony, be wasted ntshwamuka / ntshwama / guga / bothoka (isenzo / verb) look old and unhealthy
…ntw…
intwala (UZL NC 6) louse {izintwala/lice} intwana (UZL NC 6) a very small person (2) derogatory word diminutive of into / thing intwasahlobo / isandulela hlobo (UZL NC 6) spring, intwana (UZL NC 6) (into encane) a very small person or thing intwasahlobo (UZL NC 6) (isandulela ihlobo) spring intwe… intwembi (UZL NC 6) (into embi)/ ububi (UZL NC 8.2) / okubi (UZL NC 4) ugly thing, the unpleasant thing (2) the bitter thing, the acidic thing, food or oral medication with bitter taste
intwenhle (UZL NC 3) (into enhle) / ubuhle (UZL NC 8.2) / okuhle (UZL NC 4) the beautiful thing, a pleasant thing
...nw…
unwa… unwabo (UZL NC 3) / injabulo (UZL NC 6) / uvuyo (UZL NC 3) / ukwethaba (UZL NC 4) delightfulness, gladness, joyfulness unwabu (UZL NC 3) chamaeleon, unwayela (UZL NC 3)/ ungqo (UZL NC 1.1)/ isithabisanhliziyo (UZL NC 5) exact, precise, accurate, faithful, correct, unerring, right, close, true, strict nwa… nwaba /cosololozela / thaba / vuya / jabula (isenzo / verb) be happy, be very pleased, be glad, be joyful, be thrilled, nwabuluka / nwebeka / cothoza / cathuza / luleka / nyonyoba / yenza kancane (isenzo / verb) be slow, walk very slowly, do something very slowly, be unhurried, be leisurely nwala / chwephesha / cola / cwala (isenzo / verb) perfect, professionalise, make it flawless, make consummate, quintessential, (2) nwala / benyezelisa / cwalisisa / cwebezelisa = shine; make flawless, mint, unmarred, unimpaired nwaya / hwaya / klwebha / hhaya ngezinsipho (isenzo / verb) scratch, scrape, roughen, lacerate, groove, gash, engrave, incise, gouge unwe… unwele (UZL NC 3) a string of hair (ubuningi /plural) = izinwele (UZL NC 9)/hair) nwe… nweba / andisa / lula / khulisa (isenzo / verb) extend, expand, lengthen; enlarge, increase, make larger, make bigger, make greater; lengthen, widen, broaden; stretch, stretch out,
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draw out, elongate (2) continue, carry on, run on, last, spread, range, reach, lead; unroll, unfurl
…nx…
Inxa… inxa / igqubu (UZL NC 2) / ukhonondo (UZL NC 3)/ isikhalo (UZL NC 5) grudge, grievance, gripe, complain, resentment, bitterness dissatisfaction, disgruntlement, bad feelings, hard feelings, ill feelings, ill will, hatred, dislike, aversion, animosity, antipathy, antagonism, enmity inxanelo (UZL NC 2)/ intshisekelo / imfuno (UZL NC 6)/ ilukuluku (UZL NC 2) eagerness ; craving; longing, keenness, enthusiasm, avidity, inxano /inxanelo (UZL NC 2)/ ukoma (UZL NC 4) thirst, thirstiness, dryness; dehydration; polydipsia; drought, craving, strong desire, longing, yearning onxa… onxantathu (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathrayengela (UZL NC 7) triangles onxazisuka (UZL NC 8.1) things one carries all the time, treasures, sentimental objects or even people such as new born babies, onxazimbili (UZL NC 8.1) double-sided, double edge sword, unxa… unxambili / unxazimbili (UZL NC 1.1)/ ucijanxazonke / ucijanxambili (UZL NC 1.1) double-sided object, double edge sword, (2) double-tongued, a bias person, unxantathu / ithrayengela (UZL NC 6) triangle unxazisuka (UZL NC 1.1)/ ingqalabuthwa (UZL NC 6)/ ujosaka (UZL NC 1.1) that which one takes with along
wherever he goes such as the gun, handbag or stick nxa… nxapha / ncimfa (isenzo / verb) indicate disdain by making a sound through ones teeth and tongue nxaphela (isenzo / verb) direct one’s disdain by making sound through one’s teeth and tongue nxanye one side nxazonke () all sides inxe… inxeba (UZL NC 2)/ isilonda (UZL NC 5) a stab wound, an injury, lesion, cut, gash, laceration, tear, rent, puncture, slash; sore, graze, scratch, scrape, abrasion; bruise, contusion (2) insult, blow, slight, offence (3) grudge inxele (UZL NC 2) a left-handed person; left hand inxephezelo (UZL NC 2)/ isinxephezelo (UZL NC 5)/ umuthobanhliziyo (UZL NC 1. 2) a fine ; compensation; redress(2) consolation, comfort, solace; sympathy, compassion, pity, commiseration, fellow feeling; relief, help, aid, support, moral support,; condolence unxe… unxenxo (UZL NC 3)/ umukhankaso wokunxusa (UZL NC 1.2) persuasion; canvass, lobby, pressure group, interest group, campaign, crusade, faction, camp, bloc, clique nxephezela / ncephezela / ncesezela / shweleza / gwinya amagama akho (isenzo / verb) apologise, compensate, say sorry, express regret, be apologetic, make an apology, ask forgiveness, beg forgiveness, ask for pardon, beg pardon; offer something as a gesture of remorse
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nxe… nxenxa / nxusa / cela (isenzo / verb) lobby, canvass, advocate, persuade; campaign, crusade, press, push, drum-up support, speak, inxi… inxila (UZL NC 2)/ isidakwa (UZL NC 5) a drunkard, a drinker, drunkard, alcoholic inxiwa / indlu (UZL NC 6)/ umuzi (UZL NC 1.2)/ ikhaya (UZL NC 2)/ indawo yokuhlala (UZL NC 6) home, place of residence, homestead, lodging place, habitation, residence, dwelling, dwelling place, abode, domicile (2) bedroom nxi… nxila / phuza udakwe / cwila ezimbizeni / gwiliza ezimbizeni zikaFaro (isenzo / verb) be drunk, be intoxicated, be an alcoholic, drink alcohol, take alcohol, tipple, indulge inxu… inxuluma (UZL NC 6)/ isithabathaba (UZL NC 5)/ udukathole (UZL NC 1.1) a big house, a mansion, inxusa (UZL NC 2)/ isethemjwa (UZL NC 5) ambassador, envoy, diplomat, ambassador extraordinary, ambassador plenipotentiary, plenipotentiary, consul, attaché, (2) campaigner; representative, exponent, promoter, proponent, advocate, champion, supporter, backer, upholder, protagonist inxushunxushu / ingxovangxova (UZL NC 6) stampede, charge, panic, rush, flight, rout, scattering. Nxu… nxusa / cela nxenxa (isenzo / verb) make a plea, ask, appeal, entreaty,
supplication, petition, prayer; request, call, solicitation, invocation, suit; rare imploration, adjuration (2) request, demand
…nxw… …ny…
Inya… inya./ bhosha /kaka (respectable term for a baby shit) hhuda (common term for running tummy) - respectable term for shit) / khulula (respectable term for shit) / thulula (isenzo / verb) shitout, eject faeces, go to the toilet, release a stool, empty one’s bowel inya / suza / shipha (isenzo / verb)fart, emit stomach gases inyakanyaka /inhlekelele / inkanankana (UZL NC 6) / isigemegeme (UZL NC 5) massive accident, a catastrophe, disaster, calamity, cataclysm, crisis inyakanyaka /inhlekelele / inkanankana / isigemegeme(UZL NC 6) (isibaluli /adjective) of epic proportions, outrageous, shocking, disgraceful, frightening, scandalous, atrocious, appalling, abhorrent, monstrous, heinous; evil, wicked, abominable, iNyakatho (UZL NC 6) North inyala (UZL NC 2)/ amanyala (UZL NC 7)/ umukhuba-omubi (UZL NC 1.2)/ isixovamoya (UZL NC 5)/ amahloni (UZL NC 7)/ izinhloni (UZL NC 9)/ ihlazo (UZL NC 2)/ ishwa (UZL NC 2)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2) disgrace, dishonour, shame, ignominy, discredit, degradation, disrepute inyama (UZL NC 6)/ incoso (UZL NC 6)/ amantshontsho (UZL NC 7) meat, inyama (UZL NC 6)/ isikhumba (UZL NC 5)/ umuzimba (UZL NC 1.2) flesh, human flesh, animal flesh, muscle, tissue, muscle, soft-tissue, meat, brawn; human skin, human body inyamazane (UZL NC 6) antelope
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inyanda (UZL NC 6)/ izinkuni (UZL NC 9) a bundle of wood, firewood tied together for ease of carrying on ones head inyanda / inhlaniselwamabhuku (UZL NC 6) bundle inyanga (UZL NC 6)/ umelaphi / umelaphi-wendabuko (UZL NC 1.1)/ inyunduluka (UZL NC 6)/ isangoma (UZL NC 5) a traditional medicinal person, a medicinal healer, a spiritual healer inyanga (UZL NC 6) (2) month, calendar month, a calendar (3) moon (4) menstrual cycle, (5) time and space, inyana (UZL NC 6) /unyana (UZL NC 3)/ indodana (UZL NC 6) son, male child, boy, son and heir; descendant, offspring inyani/ inyaniso (UZL NC 6)/ iqiniso (UZL NC 2)/ isiqiniseko (UZL NC 5) truth, absolute truth, veracity, truthfulness, verity, sincerity, inyathelo (UZL NC 2) / igxathi (UZL NC 2)/ isitebhisi (UZL NC 5) step, pace, footstep, stride (2) short distance, stone's throw, spitting distance (3) course of action, measure, move, act, action, procedure, proceeding, initiative; manoeuvre, tactic, strategy, stratagem, operation; (4) footstep, footfall, tread, tramp (5) gait, walk, way of walking, tread, bearing, carriage. (6) stair, tread, tread board; (amanyathelo, amagxatho, izitebhisi = steps) stairs, staircase, stairway; stoop. (7) advance, progression, development, step in the right direction, step forward, move, movement, breakthrough, stage, level, grade, rank, degree; phase; notch. inyathi (UZL NC 6) buffalo inyavu (UZL NC 6)/ umushuqulo (UZL NC 1.2) scramble, bits and pieces tied together inyavunyavu (UZL NC 6)/ amanyavunyavu (UZL NC 7)/ amanikiniki (UZL NC 7) mess, clutter,
jumble, litter, heap, tangle, welter, muddle, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, mishmash, farrago, confusion, medley, gallimaufry. (2) disorder, chaos, disarray, untidiness, mess, muddle, confusion, disorderliness; state of confusion/untidiness; litter, rubbish unya… unya (UZL NC 3)/ isihluku (UZL NC 5)/ ubulwane / ubunja / ubugovu / ubusathane / ububi / ubuxhwanguxhwangu (UZL NC 8.2) brutality, savagery, savageness, inhumanity, barbarism, barbarousness, brutishness, bloodthirstiness, bad faith, murderousness, viciousness, ferocity, ferociousness, fierceness; callousness, sadism, ruthlessness, relentlessness, mercilessness, pitilessness, remorselessness, lack of regard, severity, harshness, inclemency; wickedness, badness, baseness, iniquity, blackness, blackheartedness, evil, fiendishness, devilishness, heinousness, nastiness, unkindness, abuse unyaba /isimbozamuhlaba (UZL NC 3) stretched out object, ground cover, unyaka / isikhathi ( UZL NC 1.1) a year, 365 days (2) age, number of years, lifetime, duration, length of life; stage of life, generation, age group, peer group; years, summers, winters. unyakanye / unyakodlule / unyaka-odlule (UZL NC 1.1) the same year, the same period, the same era, the same age group, of the same peer group, unyakenye / unyakodlule / unyakofile (UZL NC 1.1) previous year, last year, yesteryear, past year unyakozayo / unyaka-ozayo (UZL NC 1.1) next year
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unyawo (UZL NC 3) foot (plural = izinyawo /feet)
unyazi (UZL NC 3)/ umubani (UZL NC 1.2) lightning, lightning strike, nya… nyaba / dumala / nengeka / phatheka-kabi (isenzo / verb) be unhappy, be uncomfortable, be in pain, display sign of unhappiness, pain, feel down, feel depressed, have depression, be withdrawn nyabela / nyukubala (isenzo / verb) be unhappy for/towards, direct the display of sign of unhappiness to someone, have pains for , feeling down for , experience depression because of someone, withdrawal towards somebody else nyabisa / dumazisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to display signs of unhappiness, pain, feeling down, depression, withdrawal towards somebody else nyabile / dumele (isiphawulo / adjective) displaying sign of unhappiness, pain, feeling down, depression, withdrawal, nyakaza / dlikiza / xhukuza (giya, dansa, sanduza, sina) (isenzo / verb) move, dance, shake, show sign of life, indicate, locomote , sway, swing, shake, oscillate, rock, undulate, move from side to side, move to and fro, move back and forth (2) move, go, walk, proceed, progress, advance, pass; budge, stir, shift, change position, make a move nyakazisa / dlikiziza / xhukuzisa (isenzo / verb) shake something, wake someone up; move something, dislocate something, move from place of origin, shake something nyamanye /ndluyinye (isiphawulo / adjective) same biological parent/s, same biological family or lineology
nyamane (isiphawulo / adjective) same blood ties, siblings, biological brothers and sisters, blood relatives nyameka / namathisela / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) stick, affix, attach, fasten, fix; paste, glue, gum, tape, sellotape, pin, tack; weld, solder nyamezela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) persevere, be patient, persist, endure, continue, carry on, go on, keep on, keep going, not give up, struggle on, hammer away, be persistent, be determined, be consistent, insist, show determination, press nyanisa / khuluma iqiniso (isenzo / verb) speak the truth, present facts, present or show evidence nyandezela / phoqa (isenzo / verb) compel, force, coerce into, pressurize into, pressure, impel, drive, press, push, urge, prevail on; dragoon into, nyandezeleka / fumaniseka / phoqeleka (isenzo / verb) be compelled to , being forced to, nyandulula / vundulula (isenzo / verb) unearth, dig up, excavate, exhume, disinter, bring to the surface, mine, quarry, pull out, root out, scoop out, disentomb, unbury nyanta (isenzo / verb) display feeling of a fright or disapproval nyantisa / sabeka / thusa (isenzo / verb) be scary, cause shiver on the spine, frightening, scaring, hair-raising, terrifying, petrifying, spine-chilling, blood-curdling, chilling, horrifying, alarming, appalling, daunting, formidable, fearsome, nerve-racking, unnerving; eerie, sinister; informal creepy, spine-tingling, spooky, hairy. nyanya / canuzela (isenzo / verb) be disgusted, display or show feeling of revulsion, repugnance, aversion, distaste, abhorrence, loathing, detestation, odium, execration, horror; nauseate
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nyanyeka / cikisa (isenzo / verb) be disgusting, be revolting, distasteful, terrible, horrible, nyanyisa / cika / cefeza (isenzo / verb) disgust, distaste, loath, detest, repel nyathela / cindezela-ngonyawo (isenzo / verb) put your foot down, stamp, nyathela – kancane / cothoza (isenzo / verb) stamp; walk slowly, walk very slowly nyaza / xwasa / bukela phansi (isenzo / verb) look down upon, undermine, belittle, consider as inferiour, disparage, denigrate, run down, deprecate, depreciate, downgrade; vilify enye… enye the other one inye… inye its one, its singular inyela / inyelo (UZL NC 6) ironstone inyelo (UZL NC 2) / ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) bastard, illegitimate child, child born out of wedlock; inyendle (UZL NC 6) predator (2) house cricket (3) evil doer within the family, the one harms own family members unye… unyembezi (UZL NC 3) a tear (ubuningi / plural = izinyembezi / tears) unyela isihlahla > literal ≈ She/He is shitting on the tree = being ungrateful, thankless, unpreciative especially to someone who has helped one previously. This Nguni saying is usually applied when the one who has been helped turns against the one who has helped = English equivalent saying = Don’t bite the hand that feeds you. unyezi (UZL NC 3) moon light, lit sky at night, full moon, nyela / phula / thikameza (isenzo / verb) sprain, wrench, twist, turn, strain,
crick; pull, stretch, tear; injure, hurt, damage; nyenyeza / chela / chimfiza (isenzo / verb) sprinkle, drizzle, splash, trickle, spray, shower, spritz; spatter nyenyeza / hleba / swesweza (isenzo / verb) whisper, murmur, mutter, mumble, speak softly, say softly, speak in muted tones, speak in hushed tones, say sotto voce; breathe, purr nyenyezela / hlebela / swebezela (isenzo / verb) whisper to ….(check nyenyeza, hleba above)
nyenya / doja (isenzo / verb) sneak out, nyi… nyipha / nximfa (isenzo / verb) pull one’s mouth in disapproval or disdain inyo… inyoka (UZL NC 6) snake (2) untrustworthy person inyoni (UZL NC 6) bird (2) stupid person (3) colic (severe pain in the abdomen caused by wind or obstruction in the intestines and suffered especially by babies). inyongo (UZL NC 6) gall, bile inyongo (UZL NC 6) acid related sickness (this word is also used to refer to a feeling of nausea, tiredness often relating to having toxins in the liver) inyosi (UZL NC 6) bee inyosi (UZL NC 6) praise singer of the king or queen or president onyo… onyoko / omama / onina (UZL NC 8.1) mothers unyo… unyoko / umama / unina (UZL NC 1.1) mother unyonyovu (UZL NC 3) brand new and beautiful, elegant , fresh from the box e.g. unyonyovu lwemoto elegant car
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nyo… nyokoloza / bheka kabi (isenzo / verb) look at another with disdain, scorn, deride, pour scorn on, regard with contempt (2) spurn, reject, refuse, rebuff, disregard, ignore, snub, decline, turn down, brush aside nyonyoba / cathuza / cothoza / nwabuluka (isenzo / verb) be very slow, be unhurried, be leisurely, be in slow motion, be steady, be sedated, be slow-moving, inyu… inyufomu (UZL NC 6) / iyunifomu (UZL NC 6) / ufaniselwano (UZL NC 3) / umufaniselwano (UZL NC 1.2) uniform, same regalia, same inyuka (UZL NC 2) / ikholwa (UZL NC 2) / umuvangeli (UZL NC 1.1) a believer, devotee of, adherent of, disciple of, follower of, supporter of, upholder of, worshipper in; inyuka / inyusa (UZL NC 2) / ivolumu (UZL NC 6) volume, loudness, sound, amplification inyundulula (UZL NC 6) / ukhokhovuoxhumene nabaphansi (UZL NC 3) the most senior spiritual leader and traditional medicinal expert, inyumba (UZL NC 6) / ovalekelwe inzalo (UZL NC 1.1) a barren woman, an infertile woman, a sterile woman, a childless; inyunyana / inhlanganiso (UZL NC 6) / umubutho (um’butho) (UZL NC 1.2) union (i) inyunyana yabasebenzi = worker’s union nyu… nyuka / nyusa / khuphuka / phakamela / qonga / khuphukela phezulu – rise, rise-up, move up, move upwards, go up, arise, ascend, climb, climb up, mount, soar (2) make loud (3) increase e.g. ukwenyuka kwentengo = price increase
nyula (isenzo / verb) take out from the pot before it is ready nyulela (isenzo / verb) dish out for someone whilst food is still in the cooking process nyulisa (isenzo / verb) make or persuade another to dish out before food is cooked nyusa / khuphula / khuphukisa (isenzo / verb) increase, grow, get bigger, get larger, become greater, enlarge, expand, swell; rise, climb, escalate nyukubala / bhocobala / dangala / hlukumezeka emoyeni / phatheka kabi / phoxeka / xoveka umoya (isenzo / verb) be miserable, be sad, be unhappy, unhappy, sad, sorrowful, dejected, depressed, downcast, downhearted, nyumuka / bhongcuka / doncuka / phuma / nqamuka (isenzo / verb) be disconnected, be detached, be disengage, uncouple, decouple, unhook, unhitch, unlink, undo, unfasten, unyoke, disarticulate, disjoin, disunite; extract
…nz…
enza (isenzo / verb) do; action; practise; apply inzalo (UZL NC 6)/ isibeletho (UZL NC 5) fertilization, conception, impregnation, insemination, implantation, inception of pregnancy; pollination, propagation; fecundation (2) ovary; fertility inzame (UZL NC 6)/ umuzamo (umzamo) (UZL NC 1.2) attempt, effort, endeavour, try, bid, venture, test inzika / injula / impicabadala (UZL NC 6) the depth of the surface; hole; sink hole; container; inzondo (UZL NC 6)/ umuhhobholo / umuhobholo / umona (UZL NC 1.2)/ unya / uthuthuva (UZL NC 3)/ isichithi / isinyama / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5)/ inhliziyo-embi (UZL NC 6) hatred,
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loathing, hate, detestation, dislike, distaste, jealousy, envy, abhorrence, abomination, inzotho (UZL NC 6)/ ukuthobeka (UZL NC 4)/ isizotha (UZL NC 5) humility, modesty, humbleness, modestness, meekness, lack of pride, lack of vanity inzuzo (UZL NC 6)/ ingeniso (UZL NC 2)/ okuhle / okungenayo (UZL NC 4) profit, financial gain, gain, return(s), payback, dividend, interest, yield, revenue, income, in flows, cash flows, surplus, excess; gross profit, net profit, operating profit; (2) inzuzo (UZL NC 6)/ umuphela-omuhle (UZL NC 1.2)/ ibongo (UZL NC 2) reward, recompense, prize, award
…nzw…
inzwabethi (UZL NC 6) rumour, hearsay,
…p…
Ipa… ipaki (UZL NC 2)/ ingcebeleka (UZL NC 2)/ ishayisamoya (UZL NC 2)/ insimuyemvelo (UZL NC 6)/ ikhaya-lemvelo (UZL NC 2) a park, public garden, recreation ground, playground, play area, municipal park (2) parkland, grassland, woodland, garden(s), lawns, grounds, estate, greensward ipaneka (UZL NC 2)/ ithafa (UZL NC 2) plane, flat surface, level surface; the flat, horizontal ipani / isosipani (UZL NC 2) pan, saucepan, frying-pan Ipantsula (UZL NC 2) a pantsula dancer ipapa / iphalishi-elithambile (UZL NC 2)/ isadza (UZL NC 6)/ isithwala (UZL NC 5) pap, soft porridge ipasi (UZL NC 2)/ umazisi (UZL NC 1.1) an identity document ipasiphothi / iphasiphothi (UZL NC 6)/ isigunyaziwelomungcele (UZL NC 5)
passport, travel document, official traveling dcument ipatshazi / ibhamuza (UZL NC 2) a blister, a bleb, a bulla, a pustule, a vesicle, a vesication, a blain, a bubble, swelling, bulge, bump, lump, protuberance; cavity, hollow, void, a pimple pa… patanisa / zama / hlanganisela / ndandanisa put together, try, attempt, give it a go, endeavour, make an effort, exert oneself, seek, strive, struggle, ipe… ipeni / ipensela (UZL NC 2) a pen, a pencil ipetshisi (UZL NC 2) peach ope… opelepele (UZL NC 8.1) chillies upe… upelepele (UZL NC 1.1) chilli pe… pensa / pepenyeka / zizwe / qhenya / phakama be arrogant, conceited, vain, self-important, full of oneself, narcissistic, egotistical, puffed up, jumped-up, boastful, smug, complacent, disdainful, condescending, pretentious, scornful, supercilious, snobbish, imperious, pompous, overbearing, bumptious, lordly, presumptuous, overweening, haughty, walk-tall, be unfazed pepenyeka / nyusa-ikhala walkabout arrogantly (see pensa above) petula / vula / qhekeza / govoza (isenzo / verb) crack open, e.g petula ihlo / open the eye especially if has had a foreign particle or when the doctor opens the eye for examination purposes peketula (isenzo / verb) turn upside down
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ipiki (UZL NC 2) a pick (a ploughing or digging tool) ipi… ipipi (UZL NC 2)/ umuthondo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubudoda (UZL NC 8.2) (umuphambiliwesilisa) a penis , a male sexual organ ipipi / igudu (UZL NC 2) a smoking pipe eposini at the post office ipitikoti (UZL NC 2)/ indilokwe (UZL NC 6) petticoat, an underwear for women ipo… ipolitiki / umubangazwe / umubusazwe politics iposela / iposi (UZL NC 2) post office, iposi (UZL NC 2) posted letter, mail, post, letters, packages, parcels, correspondence, communications, airmail; postal system, postal service, isigxobo-seposi = postbox, ipotimende / isuthikhesi (UZL NC 2) suitcase , travelling bag, travel bag, case, grip, valise, briefcase, overnight case, portmanteau, vanity case, holdall upo… upomu / umbombayi (UZL NC 1.1)/ imfeketho (UZL NC 6) a fake, an artificial thing, counterfeit, forged, fraudulent, sham, imitation, false, bogus, upoyinandi / umasipala / uhulumeni wasekhaya (UZL NC 1.1) municipality, municipal government, borough, town, city, district, administrative division po… poka / buya (isenzo / verb) be ghostly, be ghostlike, be spectral, be unearthly, be unnatural, be shadowy, be uncanny, be weird, act strangely, be freakish, be creepy politika politic, speak politics, be political
posa / thumela / shaya ucingo (isenzo / verb) post, mail posela / thumelela (isenzo / verb) post to putshuka (isenzo / verb) be slippery, be a mystery, be evasive, be unreliable
…ph…
epha… ephakeme – the one that is high up, (2) the one that is tall (3) the one that is elevated. Ipha… ipha / phana / nika / nikezela / lula isandla / hlephulela (isenzo / verb) give, present with, provide with, supply with, furnish with, gift with, hand, let someone have; offer, proffer; award, grant, bestow, accord, confer; donate, contribute, put up; hand over, turn over, make over, bequeath, pledge, vouchsafe; lend, slip iphahla (UZL NC 2) the third wife in a polygamous relationship iphahlazo (UZL NC 2)/ (izibuko zokusweka, izibuko zelanga) sunglasses iphakade / ingunaphakade (UZL NC 2) eternity, ever, all time, perpetuity, timeliness iphakathi (UZL NC 2)/ inhliziyo / inkaba / injula (UZL NC 6) centre, interior, middle, nucleus, bosom; recesses, bowels, depth, inner, midst (2) heart, crux nucleus, nub, hub,. iphanga (UZL NC 2)/ ukulamba (UZL NC 4)/ inkemane (UZL NC 6)/ indlala (UZL NC 6) hunger, hunger pains iphanse / icishe it almost iphansi (UZL NC 2) the lower ground, the surface, underground, groundfloor iphaphu (UZL NC 2) lung iphaseji (UZL NC 2)/ umuhubhe (UZL NC 1.2) passage
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iphasela (UZL NC 2)/ impahla (UZL NC 6) parcel iPhasika / ukufanovuko- lukaJesu (UZL NC 4) Pentecost iphathi (UZL NC 6) / idili (UZL NC 2)/ umugido / umubhiyozo / umujuxuzo (UZL NC 1.2) party opha… opha (isenzo / verb) bleed ophaca (UZL NC 8.1) floppy shoes, flops upha… uphaca (UZL NC 1.1) a floppy shoe, a flop uphahla (UZL NC 3) wall (2) a shelter uphando / ucwaningo / uphenyo (UZL NC 3) an investigation, examination, enquiry, study, inspection, exploration, consideration, analysis, appraisal; research, scrutiny, scrutinization, scanning, perusal, sifting, fact-finding; probe, review, survey, search; inquest, hearing, questioning, interrogation, inquisition; audit, evaluation, snoop, snooping, post-mortem, recce. uphathe / ugange (UZLNC 3) oblivion / nothingness / obscurity uphathi (UZL NC 1.1) putty, uphakimpi (UZL NC 1.1) a war instigator, a person who is a source of trouble uphaphe / usiba (UZL NC 3) feather uphaya (UZL NC 1.1)/ idomboloelinomukhuba-phakathi (UZL NC 2) pie pha… phacaza / dacaza (isenzo / verb) drop something mushy, make something slushy to fall on the floor phaceka / bhanda / nameka (isenzo / verb) paste, stick, phacaka / bacaka (isenzo / verb) fall flat phahla / kaka / beka phakathi nendawo (isenzo / verb) be in the middle, be central, be at the centre, be in the middle, be mid, be mean, be medium, be medial, be median, be midway, be halfway, be equidistant
phahlaka (isenzo / verb) plummet, plunge, fall headlong, hurtle, nosedive, dive, drop, crash, descend phahleka / bhanda / gudula / penda (isenzo / verb) daub, smear with mud to give a complete mud finish, plaster with mud; spray, spray-paint, airbrush, paint, colour, apply paint to, stain, distemper, whitewash, emulsion, gloss, spray, spray-paint, airbrush, roller, coat, cover. phahlisa / bhandisa / gudulisa / pendisa (isenzo / verb) help one to make a building or structure pasted with desired effect (check phahleka, bhanda etc. above) phaka / disha (isenzo / verb) dish out, serve the food, (2) phaka impi / incite violence, spoil for a fight = stir up, whip up, work up, encourage, stoke up, fuel, kindle, ignite, inflame, stimulate, instigate, provoke, excite phakade / njalonjalo (isenzo / verb) forever, permanently, for always, for good, for good and all, perpetually; evermore, for ever and ever, until the end of time; for eternity, in perpetuity, everlastingly, enduringly, eternally phakama / sukuma (isenzo / verb) stand up, rise, rise up, be on one’s feet, phakamisa / qubula (isenzo / verb) raise, lift, elevate; uplift, upraise, hoist, haul up, heave up, lever up, hitch up, take up phakathi – inside, in, into, right in (2) between; amongst phakela (isenzo / verb) dish out for phakisa (isenzo / verb) help with dishing out phakela (isenzo / verb) dish out for …phakeme high; elevated; tall phakisa (isenzo / verb) help with dishing out phala / hwaya / khucula sakuhwaya / khucula sakuphala (isenzo / verb) scrape, abrade, grate, sand,
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sandpaper, scour, scratch, rub, file, rasp. phalala / nyamala / shabalala (isenzo / verb) disappear, vanish, evaporate, dissipate, disperse, fade, fade away, melt away (2) phalala / ifa / shona / phangalala (isenzo / verb) die, cease to exist phalaza / hlanza / buyisa / gonyuluka / yokoza (isenzo / verb) vomit, throw up, phambana / hlanya / hanjelwa ikhanda / kuthi zula /ukungezwa mushini (isenzo / verb) be mad, be insane, mentally ill, certifiable, be not in one’s senses, be delirious, be psychotic, be deranged, be demented, be of unsound mind, be sick upstairs, be crazy, be lunatic, be unbalanced, be unhinged, be unstable, be disturbed, be frenzied, phambanisa / shintshanisa / phithanisa (isenzo / verb) be made to lose one’s sanity phambanisa / phithanisa / xovaxova (isenzo / verb) confuse, mix up, muddle up, confound; misinterpret as, mistake for, take for phambili (insizasenzo / adverb) forward, in front, before, precede, prefix, (2) ahead, forwards, onwards, onward, on, further (3) towards the front, frontwards, out, forth, into view, into the open, into public notice, into prominence. (4) onward, onwards, on, forth, forwards; for ever, into eternity; until now (4) phambilini / kudala /enkathini edlule historically, previously, formerly, earlier, earlier on, before, in the past, in days gone by, in years gone by, in times gone by, in bygone days, phambuka / enza iphutha / enza ngengozi (isenzo / verb) make an error, commit fault, be inaccurate, omit critical information, slip, blunder, miscalculate, misunderstand, flaw, oversight, misinterpret, commit a
fallacy, make a gaffe, be guilty of misapprehension, have misconception, misread, misapprehend phambuka / lahleka / duka (isenzo / verb) get lost, go stray, be off target phambuka / phaphalaza / geja (isenzo / verb) be off target, miss the target, be off line phana / iba nesandla sokudla (isenzo / verb) give, be generous, be giving, have a big heart phanda / gubha / vukuza / qhwanda / imba (isenzo / verb) investigate, dig, ascertain, (2) dig (3) take chances phandisisa / gubhisisa / vukuzisa / qhwandisisa (isenzo / verb) dig deep, dig thoroughly phandela / gubhisa / vukuzela / qhwandela (isenzo / verb) dig for phandwa / gujwa / mbiwa / qhwanda / phenywa (isenzo / verb) be investigated phanga / gimba / fuqa (isenzo / verb) gobble, eat greedily, eat hungrily, guzzle, bolt, gulp, swallow hurriedly, devour, wolf, cram, gorge phangisa / shesha/ phuthuma / khawuleza / sheshisa (isenzo / verb) be fast, be swift, be quick, be efficient, phanse / cishe almost, nearly, just about, about, more or less, practically, virtually, all but phansi down, on the floor, downstairs, phanyaza / khanyisa / layitha (isenzo / verb) flicker, flick, switch on indicator lights phanyeka /lengisa (isenzo / verb) hang, decorate, dislay (name tag), (2) execute by hanging, hang by the neck, send to the gallows, (3) hang to dry up phaqaza / phoqoza / qhumisa / qhephula (isenzo / verb) crack, bang, report, explosion, detonation, clap,
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pop, snap, crackle, knock, tap, clash, crash, smash, smack phaphalaza / nhlanhlatha / phambuka (isenzo / verb) miss, fail to hit, be astray, be wide of, go wide of, fall short of, be off target, phaphaza / thathaza (isenzo / verb) wave, phaphazela / xhamuzela / tatazela (isenzo / verb) be confused, be dazed, be sedated, be numb, be semi conscious, be semi blind, phasha / phaphatheka / hwaqabala / gqungqa (isenzo / verb) fade, be dull, become bleached, become washed out, lose colour, decolour, decolorize, discolour; dull, dim, grow dull, grow dim, phathaza / phumputha / funafuna (isenzo / verb) search by touching phatheka / zehlise / hloniphaabakuphethe (isenzo / verb) be governable, be controllable, accept to be led, follow the leader, phatheka-kabi / hlukumezeka / dumala / phoxeka / xovekaumoya (isenzo / verb) feel bad, be saddened, despair, feel disillusioned, be hurt phatheka-kahle / thaba / jabula (isenzo / verb) receive warm reception, be happy, phathwa (isenzo / verb) be ruled, be under someone’s control, be under someone’s mercy, be a subject, be subjugated, phaxaza / daxaza / gxigxisa (isenzo / verb) drop something soaking wet phazama / phambuka (isenzo / verb) be mistaken, make a mistake, make an error, commit a blunder, phazamisa (isenzo / verb) disturb, interrupt, intrude on, butt in on, barge in on; distract, interfere with, disrupt, bother, trouble, pester, plague, harass,
phazamiseka / xakaniseka / xoveka-umoya (isenzo / verb) be upset, be angry, be confused, aphe… aphezulu the ones on top ephe… ephekayo the cooking one., the one that is cooking ephelayo the finishing one., the one that is getting finished iphe… iphekulazikhuni (UZL NC 2)/ usikhuniphambana (UZL NC 1.1)/ umudlwembe (UZL NC 1.2)/ isilwi (UZL NC 5)/ isigayigayi (UZL NC 5)/ idelakufa (UZL NC 2) a terrorist, bomber, arsonist, incendiary; gunman, assassin, desperado; hijacker; revolutionary, radical, guerrilla iphela (UZL NC 2)/ isinambuzane (UZL NC 5)/ ikokoroshe (UZL NC 2) a cockroach, a scavenger, iphepha (UZL NC 2) paper iphephabhala (UZL NC 2) writing pad; examination pad iphephabhuku (UZL NC 2)/ imagazini (UZL NC 6) magazine iphephandaba (UZL NC 2)/ inyuziphepha (UZL NC 6) newspaper (ii) iphephasivivinyo / iphephakuhlolwa (UZLNC 2) examination paper (iii) igazethi (UZLNC 6)/ ezikahulumeni (UZLNC 9)/ iphepha lamathenda nezindaba zikahulumeni government gazette (iv) iphephakhiqizolwazi (UZLNC 2) / ingcithabuchopho (UZLNC 6) scholarly or academic paper, theorectical paper, an opinion paper, an essay, a critic, a review, a research proposal, a research outcome paper iphezulu / ikwelenyoni (UZL NC 2)/ isicongo (UZL NC 5) top, summit, peak, pinnacle, crest, crown, brow, brink, ridge, head, highest point
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ophe… ophephile / ovikelekile (UZL NC 1.1) the protected one ophekiwe / ophekisisiwe (UZL NC 1.1)/ impoqabulungu (UZL NC 6)/ umukhovu (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukhukhunathi (UZL NC 1.1) the indoctrinated one, ‘the coconut’, the brainwashed one, the propagandized one, the proselytized one , the inculcated one, the assimilated one; the one black on the outside and white in the inside uphe… uphethikheshi (UZL NC 1.1) petty -cash uphethiroli (UZL NC 1.1) petrol phefumula (isenzo / verb) breathe, inhale and exhale, respire, draw breath; puff, pant, blow, gasp, wheeze, inspire, expire, suspire (2) speak; air ones view phe… phehla / goqoza / govuza / shaya (isenzo / verb) whip, stir, mix, blend, agitate; beat, whip, whisk, fold in; pheka / beka ibhodwe eziko = cook, prepare, make, get, put together; bake; fix, knock up, rustle up pheka / akha-isu / bonda (isenzo / verb) plan, scheme, arrange, organize, lay, hatch, concoct, devise, frame, think up, dream up, cook up, brew, conceive.(2) conspire, scheme, participate in a conspiracy, intrigue, collude, connive, manoeuvre; rare machinate, cabal, complot.(3) mark, chart, map, indicate, represent, graph. phekela (isenzo / verb) cook for phekisa / nikela / faka-isandla (isenzo / verb) contribute, donate money or groceries towards the burial, marriage or any significant event of fellow neighbor, relative or associate
= give or make a donation of, contribute (2) help someone to cook phela / qeda / phiphitha (isenzo / verb) complete, end, conclude, close, bring to a conclusion, bring to an end, phelela / qedela / phiphitha / phetha / goqa (isenzo / verb) conclude, finish, end, (check phela / qeda) phelelisa / qedela(isenzo / verb) cause to finish, (check phela / qeda) phema / cwala-zinwele (isenzo / verb) perm one’s hair, relax one’s hair phemba / qalisa-umulilo (isenzo / verb) make a fire, start a fire phemba / sugula / qalisa / qamba (isenzo / verb) initiate, begin, start off, commence, usher in; institute, inaugurate, put in place, launch, open, instigate, bring about, set in motion, trigger off, actuate; establish, phembela (isenzo / verb) initiate for someone, originate for someone phenduka / guquka / shintsha (isenzo / verb) change, transform for better or worse (2) repent, feel remorse for, regret, be sorry for, rue, reproach oneself for, be ashamed of, feel contrite about, (3) convert, change, turn, transform, metamorphose, transfigure, transmute, translate, transmogrify, permute phendula (isenzo / verb) respond, answer, reply to, say something in response to; acknowledge, greet, counter phendla / akha (isenzo / verb) generate, produce, create, design, make, fabricate, fashion, manufacture, build, construct, erect, do, turn out; bring into being, originate, invent, phendlela / akhela (isenzo / verb) create for, generate for, manipulate processes to make way for, phepha / vikeleka (isenzo / verb) be safe, be secure, be risk free, be free from attacks, be protected from harm/danger, shielded, sheltered, phephela (isenzo / verb) find refuge at
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phephetha / vuthela (isenzo / verb) blow, exhale, breathe out, puff out, emit, expel, discharge, give out, issue, send forth (5) wheeze, puff, pant, puff and pant, gasp, huff and puff, breathe hard or heavily, fight for breath, catch one's breath. phephisa /dlulisa / xola (isenzo / verb) forgive, excuse, overlook, disregard, ignore, pass over, make allowances for, allow; condone, let go, phephuka / phephula (isenzo / verb) wither, wilt, become limp, droop, fade; shrivel (up), dry up; die, perish(2) Amandla akhe aphephuka nemimoya /His power had withered in the storms = wasted, diminished, finished, taken away, become shrunken, shrivel up; atrophy, decay, dwindle, shrink, lessen, fade, phephula (isenzo / verb) blow away pheqa / phenya (isenzo / verb) turn-over, turn to the next page pheqela (isenzo / verb) turn over for phequla / phequlula (isenzo / verb) search, dig, look everywhere, dig deep, phetha / goqa / phinda / vala / fingqa / fongqa (isenzo / verb) fold, enfold, wrap, wrap up, envelop; take, gather, clasp, squeeze, clutch, embrace, hug, cuddle, cradle, embosom, strain (2) make it brief, pheza / phezisa / khawula / yeka / ima (isenzo / verb) stop, terminate, suspend, thwart, cease, discontinue, refrain from, desist from, forbear from, break off, call a halt to, call it a day; give up, abandon, abstain from, cut out; phezisa / misa / nqanda / …ngaqhubeki (isenzo / verb) stop, bring to a halt, discountinue, cease phezu… on, supported by, resting on, in contact with. phezulu above, up there, on top, summit, peak, pinnacle, crest, crown,
brow, brink, ridge, head, highest point/part, mountaintop, tip, apex, vertex, acme, apogee aphi… Aphikise. Disagree with them. Aphindisele. Return them back ephikayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one who is disagreeable ephilweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the pillow case iphika (UZL NC 2) / isifubamoya (UZL NC 5) breathing problem, shortness of breath, asthma iphikankani (UZL NC 2)/ ukhandashisa / ukhandalumutshelokwakhe / umaziphathe (UZL NC 2) a stubborn person, an obstinate person, a headstrong person, willful person, self absorbed person iphiko (UZL NC 2) a wing, a chicken wing (plural = amaphiko) iphilisi (UZL NC 2) pill, capsule, lozenge, caplet, pastille, pellet, drop, ball; informal tab; rare jujube, bolus, troche, iphilo (UZL NC 2)/ isikwamasomuqamelo (UZL NC 5) pillow case iphimbo (UZL NC 2)/ umuphimbo (UZL NC 1.2)/ izwi (UZL NC 2) throat, gullet, oesophagus; windpipe, trachea, crop, craw, maw, neck, pharynx, oropharynx, throttle, gorge (2) a voice, expression, utterance, verbalization, vocalization, airing, speech channel iphini / isekela (UZL NC 2) a deputy, a vice, a second in command, second, number two, subordinate iphinifa (UZL NC 2) an apron, pinafore, overall, dress for African women, a wrap-around iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2)/ inhlebi (UZL NC 6)/ umamuGobhozi (UZL NC 1.1) scandalmonger, gossipmonger, tattler, tittle-tattler, busybody, muckraker, the one who bad-mouths
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ophi… ophikweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the branch uphi… uphiko (UZL NC 3)/ igatsha /isebe (UZL NC 2) a branch, a local structure, a league, a division, subdivision, section, subsection, department, sector, part, side, wing; area, sphere, discipline, field, office, bureau, agency; affiliate, subsidiary, offshoot, satellite; chapter, lodge. uphithi (UZL NC 3)/ izimpithi (UZL NC 9) a thin African hair plait, an African hair style, phi… phica / khohlisa / lahlekisa / dukisa (isenzo / verb) deceive, delude, hoodwink, mislead, take in, dupe, fool, double-cross, cheat, defraud, swindle phicaphica / dlalisa / teketisa (isenzo / verb) joke, tell a story, narrate a folktale story, tell a fictitious story to children, tell jokes, crack jokes, jest, banter, quip; phiciza / pitshiza / facaza / cifiza / fahlaza (isenzo / verb) crush, squash, smash, squeeze, press, compress; pulp, mash, phihliza / phahlaza / shaya (isenzo / verb) hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, phika / qandula / shaya phansi ngonyawo (isenzo / verb) say no, deny, reject, object, dismiss, refuse to accept, veto, renounce, take back, back-pedal; disprove, debunk, explode, discredit, refute, phikela (isenzo / verb) deny for (check phika above) phikelela / qhubeka (isenzo / verb) persevere, persist, continue, carry on, go on, keep on, keep going, insist, stand firm, be unfazed phikile denied, rejected
phikisa / chitha (isenzo / verb) contradict, repudiate, gainsay, declare untrue, dissent from, disagree with, challenge, contest, oppose; retract phikisile opposed, objected phikiswa (isenzo / verb) be opposed by phikiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) opposed by phikiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) denied phikwa / aliwa (isenzo / verb) be denied, be rejected phila / idla anhlamvana (isenzo / verb) live, be healthy, be alive, be living, be active, be alive and well, phila / lulama / iba ngcono (isenzo / verb) get better, improve, make better, ameliorate, raise, philela (isenzo / verb) live for, be alive for, exist for, be healthy for, be active for philile / …nempilo / …phile saka (isiphawulo / adjective) well, fine, great, healthy (2) philile / ngcono better philisa / lapha / sindisa / lulamisa / nyanga (isenzo / verb) heal, make better, make well, cure, treat successfully, restore to health, get someone back on their feet, philisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been healed, been made better philiswa be healed by something or someone, be made alive by something or someone phimisa / isho (isenzo / verb) emit, let out, give, utter, produce, give vent to, issue, come out with, breathe (2) voice, express, put into words, speak, say, deliver, sound, mouth, breathe, articulate, pronounce, enunciate, verbalize, vocalize, state, declare. phinda / enza futhi / shono futhi / isho futhi (isenzo / verb) repeat, say again, restate, reiterate, go through again, (2) do again, redo, replicate, duplicate, perform again.(3) rebroadcast, rerun, reshow, replay (4) phinda / fongqa fold phinde/ soze / ngeke / lutho (insizamuqondo / adverb) never, at no time, not
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at any time, not ever, not once, on no occasion, phindela / buyela (isenzo / verb) go back, come back, get back, arrive back, arrive home, come home (2) phindela / fongqela fold for phindelela / phikelela / enzanjalonjalo /enza imihla namalanga / enza izinsuku zonke / enza izikhathi zonke (isenzo / verb) do repeatedly, do frequently, action consistently, do again and again, phindelile (isiphawulo / adjective) went back phindisa / phindisela /phindelisela / buyisela (isenzo / verb) return, give back, send back, hand back, take back, carry back; pay back, repay, remit (2) cause to repeat (3) phindisa / fongqisa help someone to fold phindisela / buyisela-emumva (isenzo / verb) take it back phindiselela / ziphindiselele / zibuyiselele (isenzo / verb) revenge; avenge, retaliate, reprise, redress, phindiseliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) taken back phinga / feba / qonywa kaningi (isenzo / verb) cheat , commit adultery, be unfaithful, stray, be untrue, be inconstant, be false; have more than sexual partners, play away, play around phingisa / febisa (isenzo / verb) make one to cheat phingela / febela (isenzo / verb) cheat on phingile / febile (isiphawulo / adjective) cheated phinki (isiphawulo / adjective) pink phipha / sula (isenzo / verb) wipe, clean, sponge, swap phiphela / sulela (isenzo / verb) wipe for, clean for, sponge for, swap for phiphitha / qeda / gogoda / phelisa (isenzo / verb) finish, end, conclude, bring to a conclusion, finalize, wind up, consummate, bring to fruition; crown, cap
phithanisa / xabanisa / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) entangle, intertwine phithene / xabane / hlangene (isiphawulo / adjective) entangled, intertwined phithiza / fukuza / sebenza (isenzo / verb) be busy, be occupied, be involved, be engaged, be concerned, work hard, work, be employed, be absorbed, be engrossed, be immersed, be preoccupied (2) phithiza / xakeka / tatazela (isenzo / verb) be restless, be uneasy, be restive, be fidgety, be edgy, be tense, be worked-up, be nervous, be agitated, be anxious, be keyed-up, be apprehensive, be unquiet, beimpatient phithizela / minyana (isenzo / verb) be busy (2) be teeming, be swarming, be thronged, be populous, be overpopulated, be over peopled, be busy, be congested, be cramped phixiza / hleba (isenzo / verb) gossip, spread rumours, spread gossip, circulate rumours, spread stories (2) phixiza / ngcolisa / xhaphazisa (isenzo / verb) cause a mess, be disorderly, dirty, cause filth, smear, be untidy, cause muddy conditions, be filthy ipho…. iphoyisa (UZL NC 2), unomungqayi , umuqaphi (UZL NC 1.1) a police, a guard, a law enforcement agent, a police officer = (plural = amaphoyisa / police) upho… uphongoza / undabazabantu / umamuGobhozi (UZL NC 1.1) someone who talks too much, a talkative, a gossiper, sensationalist uphozo (UZL NC 1.1) lone standingobject, lone standing person when all others are sitting (plural = ophozo)
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uphopho (UZL NC 1.1) a pawpaw, papaya (plural = ophopho / pawpaws) Uphoqiwe…. (UZL NC 1.1) She / He was forced (check phoqa below) phokophela / phikelela / qhubeka / iya phambili (isenzo / verb) persevere , don’t give up, persist, continue, carry on, go on, keep on, phola / shaywa umoya (isenzo / verb) be chilly, enjoy breeze; feel cold; be fresh, be crisp, refreshing, invigorating, bracing, brisk; unheated, draughty, pholela (isenzo / verb) cool down for pholisa / thoba amanxeba (isenzo / verb) make better, (2) cool down phongoza / khulumela futhi (isenzo / verb) talk too much, be chatty, be loquacious, be garrulous, be gossipy phonsa / jikijela (isenzo / verb) throw, pass, kick, hit, head, lob, loft phonseka / gulukudela (isenzo / verb) slip into the hole; fall, drop, drop down, plummet, descend (2) go in without knocking phonsela / nikezela (isenzo / verb) throw at / to, pass; kick at , hit at, head at, lob at , loft at phonselwa have something thrown at one phonsisa / khuluma amanga / qamba amanga lie, tell lies phophotha / cwala (isenzo / verb) apply make-up, beautify, prettify, glamorize, prink, primp, phophoza / opha (isenzo / verb) bleed, lose blood, haemorrhage, cry tears, phoqa / enzisa ngenkani (isenzo / verb) force, compel, coerce, make, constrain, oblige, impel, drive, necessitate, pressurize, push; exert force on, phoqelela (isenzo / verb) enforce, compel (2) insist, persist, demand phoqoza / phula (isenzo / verb) break, squash, crush, trample, smash, smash to smithereens,
phosisa / phonsisa / khohlisa / qamba amanga / senga ezimithiyo (isenzo / verb) lie, be untruthful, present false statement, fabricate, make up, photha / luka (isenzo / verb) plait form into a plait such as hair, decorate hair by means of plaiting it (2) plait or make a grass mat, straw mat, something out of plaited ropes phothela (isenzo / verb) plait for phothisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to plait phothula / qeda / gcina (isenzo / verb) finish, complete, end, conclude, bring to a conclusion, finalize, wind up, consummate, bring to fruition; phoxa / phula umoya / hlaza (isenzo / verb) embarrass, shame, humiliate, make ashamed, demean, abash; mortify, horrify, appall, make one uncomfortable, make awkward, phoxeka / phulwa umoya (isenzo / verb) be embarrassed (check phoxa above) phoxekisa / hlazisa (isenzo / verb) cause an embarrassment, (check phoxa above) phoxwa be embarrassed by, be dressed down by, be vilified by phoza / thwebulwa (isenzo / verb) pose to have one’s image taken or recorded phozisa / pholisa / phephisa / nxese (isenzo / verb) be regretful, be sorry, be apologetic; show remorse, phozisa / pheza / gcina / …ngaphinde (isenzo / verb) end cease, discontinue, refrain from, desist (2) finish, conclude, terminate, end, discontinue iphu… iphulo / isamanisi (UZL NC 2) summon iphunga / ivumba (UZL NC 2)/ ukunuka (UZL NC 4) smell, odour, whiff, aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, redolence iphupho (UZL NC 2) a dream, a nightmare, a fantasy, a vision,
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iphuphu / ichwane (UZL NC 2) fledgling, young bird iphuphuza / iqhubu / ipatshazi / ipinayi (UZL NC 2) a pimple, swelling iphutha (UZL NC 2)/ ingozi (UZL NC 6)/ isigwegwe (UZL NC 5) a mistake, error, fault, inaccuracy, omission, slip, blunder, miscalculation, misunderstanding, flaw, oversight, iphuzu (UZL NC 2)/ umuqondo / umubono / umucabango (UZL NC 1.2) a point, a view, a perspective, an opinion, outlook, a thought, an idea uphu… uphuthu (UZL NC 3)/ uzolo (UZL NC 3) phutu, dry porridge uphuzo (UZL NC 3)/ isiphuzo (UZL NC 5) drink e.g. juice, liquor phu… phuca / gunda / shefa (isenzo / verb) shave phuca / hlwitha / thatha (isenzo / verb) take, grab, seize, grasp, snatch, seize hold of phucula / khanyisela / enza ngcono (isenzo / verb) civilize, enlighten, edify, educate, instruct, refine, cultivate, polish, sophisticate, socialize, humanize; improve, better phucuka / khanyiseleka / iba ngcono (isenzo / verb) be civilized, be enlightened, be educated, be cultivated, live a better life, be street wise, be urbanized, phuka / phula / bulala / ifa (isenzo / verb) be broken, be shattered, be fractured, be smashed, be crushed, be in pieces phuke be broke phukile be broken phukiswe be broken by phukula / thukuthela /dinwa / ngxama / bila (isenzo / verb) be angry, be irate, annoyed, cross, vexed, irritated, exasperated, indignant, aggrieved, irked,
phula / bulala (isenzo / verb) break something, shatter, smash, smash to smithereens, crack, snap, fracture, fragment, splinter phule broke something phulile broken something phulela (isenzo / verb) break for phulula / phathaphatha (isenzo / verb) fondle, fiddle; brush, massage, press lightly, tap, pat, nudge, prod, poke; feel, stroke, rub, phulwa (isenzo / verb) be broken phuliwe has been broken phuma (isenzo / verb) get out, leave, escape phumela-obala / caca / qantsha (isenzo / verb) come out in the open, be clear, speak straight, make public, reveal, make known, divulge, tell, impart, communicate, pass on, phumelela (isenzo / verb) succeed, triumph, be victorious, achieve success, be successful, be a success, do well, make good, prosper, flourish, thrive, advance, make it, phumelele (isiphawulo / adjective) succeeded phumelelisa (isenzo / verb) enable phumula / goba-amadlangala (isenzo / verb) rest, relax, take a rest, slow down, pause, have a break phumuza / shayisa umoya / thatha umoya (isenzo / verb) give rest, cause to relax, rest something, don’t overuse phunga / hhabula / habula (isenzo / verb) drink, swallow, sip, drink slowly, phungula / ehlisa (isenzo / verb) reduce, lessen, decrease, lower phungulela (isenzo / verb) reduce for, take something from a portion for another phunyuka / eqa/ dedeleka / phuma emulonyeni wengwenya / sinda (isenzo / verb) escape, get away, get out, run away, run off, break-out, break free, get free, break loose, phunyuka / dedeleka / zishiyele (isenzo / verb) lose control, unintentional,
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by mistake, free accidentally, loosen inadvertently phunyuka/ dedeleka (isenzo / verb) loose control, do something accidentally, commit something unintentionally e.g. Ubengaqondile ukuyikhipha lena imfihlo uye waphunyuka / S/he had not intended to disclose this secret s/he had just lost the filter = having no control of one’s speech phupha / boniswa / iba kwelamathongo (isenzo / verb) dream, have a dream, have dreams, have a nightmare,(2) fantasize, daydream; wish for, hope for, long for, yearn for, hunger for, hanker after (3) think, consider, contemplate, conceive, entertain the thought of, visualize (4) phupha/ bothoka / guga / hlafazeka be wasted, be ravaged, be desolate, be ruined, be destroyed, wretched; be dull (5) phupha / gqungqa / hwaqabala / lahlekelwa umubala (isenzo / verb) lose colour; dull, fade, subdue, mute, toned down; be washed out phuphela (isenzo / verb) dream for phuphisa (isenzo / verb) be cause to dream by (2) age prematurely because of … (3) make it fade, make it dull, make it lose colour phuphuma / chitheka / chichima (isenzo / verb) overflow, spill over, flow over, run over, brim over phuphumela / chithekela (isenzo / verb) overflow on to something, spill over something phuphumelwa isisu / phuphunyelwa isisu (isenzo / verb) have a miscarriage, have stillbirth phuphumisa (isenzo / verb) cause to overflow phutha / lova (isenzo / verb) be absent, be away from school, be away, be off, be out, be not present phuthelwa (isenzo / verb) miss out
phuthisa / lovisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to be absent phuthuka / vuthuka / shunqa (isenzo / verb) be dusty, be powdery, be crumbly, be chalky, be friable, be granulated, be granular, be gritty, be sandy, be smoky, be mucky, be fumy phuthuma / khawuleza / shesha / gijima (isenzo / verb) hurry, be fast, be swift, be rapid, be speedy, be on high-speed, be expeditious; be brisk, lively phuthumisa / sheshisa / gijimisa (isenzo / verb) send something to another swiftly, bring something , be fast, be swift phuthuza / phuthaza / bhekabheka (isenzo / verb) search, hunt, look, explore, forage, fish about phuza / natha / gwinca / qabula (isenzo / verb) drink, have something orally administered, swallow, gulp down, quaff, swill, guzzle, (2) drink alcohol, take alcohol, tipple, indulge, be a serious drinker, be an alcoholic phuza / shiywa isikhathi / onakalelwa isikhathi / (fika emumva kwesikhathi esibekiwe) (isenzo / verb) be late, be delayed, be behind time, be behind schedule, behind, be behindhand phuzisa / nathisa / gwincisa / qabulisa (isenzo / verb) administer something liquid orally
…q…
eqa… eqa / gqashula/ phunyuka / jomba (isenzo / verb) escape, get away, get out, run away, run off, break out, break free, get free, break loose, eqandayo / ebandayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) a cold one, a freezing cold one, eqatha (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) an elevated one eqathakayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the falling one
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iqa… iqaba (UZL NC 2)/ inqaba (UZL NC 6) illiterate person, uncivilised person, a non-conformist, a traditionalist, a conservative person iQadi (UZL NC 2) praise name for the Ngcobo surname or clan iqambo / igama / ibizo (UZL NC 2)/ isethiwo (UZL NC 5) name, noun, title, designation,, identification iqanda (UZL NC 2) egg iqaqa / ivumba (UZL NC 2)/ isishiphi (UZL NC 5)/ umusuzo (UZL NC 1.2) (ukunuka-okubi, iphunga-elibi) foul smell, stench, stink, bad smell, reek, miasma, effluvium iqashana (UZL NC 2) small piece of meat iqatha (UZL NC 2) piece of meat oqa… oqambayo / umuqambi / umusunguli (UZL NC 1.1) the one creating oqatha (UZL NC 1.1) the strong and firm one oqaqayo (UZL NC 1.1) the one who is untangling something, the one undoing something oqaqekile (UZL NC 1.1) the loose one, the unsecure one oqavile (UZL NC 1.1) the prominent one uqa… uqalo (UZL NC 3) a bamboo Uqamba amanga. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) S/he is telling lies. ; You are telling lies. Uqanda. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) It is yellow. ; It is egg-yellow. uqanduqandu (UZL NC 3)/ (isililo esikhulu) loud cries, loud lamentation uqathaqatha (UZL NC 3)/ ubuqathaqatha (UZL NC 8.2) falling objects at similar time, falling of phenomena
qa… qabula (isenzo / verb) kiss qagela / linganisela / hlawumbisela / funisela (isenzo / verb) guess, estimate, hypothesise, postulate, speculate qagula / gagula / neka / ndlala – obala (isenzo / verb) disclose , reveal, divulge, expose qala /qamba / sungula (isenzo / verb) originate, establish, institute, initiate, inaugurate, introduce, set up, found, lay the foundations of, lay the cornerstone of, launch qalaza / bheka / bheka macala onke (isenzo / verb) look about, be vigilant, be wide awake, have one’s eyes wide open qaleka / bawa /bawekela (isenzo / verb) crave, long for, yearn for, hunger for, thirst for, dream of, aspire to, seek, qalekile (isiphawulo / adjective) suffering from craving qalekisa / fungela kabi / bizela amabhadi namashwa (isenzo / verb) curse, wish someone evil, execrate, imprecate, hoodoo; anathematize, excommunicate, damn qalekisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) cursed qalekiswa / ofungelwe kabi / bizelwa amabhadi namashwa (isenzo / verb) be afflicted with, be troubled by, be plagued with, suffer from, be burdened with, be blighted with, be bedeviled qalela / sungulela (isenzo / verb) start for, create for, originate for qalisa (isenzo / verb) start something, create something qamba / sungula / qalisa / qhamuka nento entsha (isenzo / verb) create, establish, institute, initiate, inaugurate, introduce, activate, originate, pioneer, organize, mastermind, embark on, make a start on, tackle, set about
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qamba-amanga / kokotela / gunyatha (isenzo / verb) tell lies, create stories, fabricate, falsify, forge qambela (isenzo / verb) create for, institute for qambela amanga (isenzo / verb) lie for, tell lies against someone qambelwa amanga / qanjelwa amanga / sukelwa / bhecwa ngobubende inyama ungayidlanga (isenzo / verb) be lied against, have lies told against you qanda / choboka (isenzo / verb) be fragile qanda / banda (isiphawulo / adjective) be cold qandula / memeza (isenzo / verb) shout, yell, cry, cry out qapha /gada / vikela (isenzo / verb) guard, beware, keep under surveillance, protect, stand guard over qaphela / nakekela / bhekisisa (isenzo / verb) be careful, be warned, warning, notice, watch out, be vigilant, beware of, keep watch for, be alert to, take care for qaphisa / gadisa / vikisa (isenzo / verb) guard for qaqa / khulula / khumula / gqashula / qhephula (isenzo / verb) undo; unfasten, unchain, unbutton, unhook, untie, unlace; unbind, unfetter qaqeka / khululeka (isenzo / verb) be free, feel free, have a sense of comfort, (2) loosen, become slack, slacken, become loose, let go, unbind, ease, relax qaqekile (isiphawulo / adjectives) was undone, was loosened qaqile (isiphawulo / adjectives) have or had been undone qanjwa / ethiwa / nikezwa ibizo (isenzo / verb) be named, be given a name, (check qamba above) qasha / quba (isenzo / verb) rent, hire, lease, charter, occupy temporarily, live in temporarily, take, employ
qashelwa (isenzo / verb) be watched (check qapha above) qashiwe (isiphawulo / adjectives) protected (2) hired qashwa (isenzo / verb) be protected, (2) be hired, be employed, be given a job offer, qhatha / zimukile (isiphawulo / adjective) hefty, weighty, well-built qathaka / iwa (isenzo / verb) fall from above qathazeka (isenzo / verb) the act of falling from above or top qava / velela / bonakala (isenzo / verb) be prominent, be significant, be notable aqe… Aqeqeshiwe. (UZL NC 7) They have been trained. eqe… eqeleni (undaweni / locative) in the open veld iqe… iqeku / inkonyane / ithole (UZL NC 2) calf iqele (UZL NC 2)/ inkangala (UZL NC 6)/ ipaneka (UZL NC 2) an open veld, (2) hillside, slope, hidden side iqeleshu (UZL NC 2)/ umukhohlisi (UZL NC 1.2) a deceitful person iqembuka / ihlubuka (UZL NC 2) a dissident, dissenter, objector, protester, disputant; freethinker iqensi (UZL NC 2) cashew-nut iqeqeba / idlanzana / iqenjana (UZL NC 2) a small group of people, a faction, division, section, clique, iqembu (UZL NC 2)/ isigejane (UZL NC 5) a group, a branch, a breakaway group iqembu (UZL NC 2)/ inhlangano (UZL NC 6)/ umubuthwano (UZL NC 1.2) organisation, structure, body oqe… oqeqeshiwe (UZL NC 1.1 ) the trained one
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oqembukile (UZL NC 1.1) the defected one, the break-away one uqe… uqekethe / uqekethu (UZL NC 3) hardspot, hard, uninhabitable land, unsuitable for living in qe… qeda / gogotha / phothula (isenzo / verb) finish, complete, end, conclude, close, bring to a conclusion, bring to an end, bring to a close, consummate, finalize, qedane / maqede (insizamuqondo / adverb) soon, then, as soon as, soon thereafter qedela / phetha /phothula (isenzo / verb) fill in, complete, fill in the missing spaces, finish off qedisa (isenzo / verb) help to finish qekelele / khimilili (isenzukuthi / ideophone) standing independently, all alone in isolation, qembuka / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) become divided, become disunited, branch out, cut ties, separate, disunite, disconnect, disjoin, isolate, disengage qeqebula (isenzo / verb) speak with ease, be eloquent, speak persuasively, talk expressively, qeqesha / fundisa / thwasisa (isenzo / verb) train, nurture, prepare, instruct, teach, coach, tutor; educate; up-skill, qeqeshwa / fundiswa / thwasiswa (isenzo / verb) be trained, be taught, be nurtured, be coached, be tutored qethuka / goba / bheka-phezulu / lala-ngesiphundu (isenzo / verb) fall over backward, bend backward aqi… Aqile. (UZL NC 7) Trick them.; Defraud them.; Eqile. (UZL NC 7) They have escaped. (2) They are above measure.
Iqi… iqili (UZL NC 2)/ ugalakajane (UZL NC 1.1)/ umugulukudu (UZL NC 1.2) rogue; scoundrel, villain, reprobate, rascal iqiniso (UZL NC 2)/ uqobo (UZL NC 3) truth, fact, veracity, truthfulness, verity, sincerity, candour, honesty, genuineness; gospel, gospel truth; accuracy, correctness, rightness, validity, factualness, factuality, authenticity (i) iqiniso elimusulwa (elim’sulwa) – absolute truth (ii) iqiniso elingenakuphikwa / iqiniso elimusulwa (elim’sulwa) – undisputable truth, absolute truth, matter of fact, tested truth, empirical evidence, compelling truth (iii) iqiniso liyababa = truth can be bitter oqi… oqimbile / onqunu (UZL NC 1.1) the half naked one, the naked one, the one without clothes on oqinile / ophaphile (UZL NC 1.1) the bullish one, oqiniselayo / obekezelayo (UZL NC 1.1) the persevering one uqi… uqimba (UZL NC 3) fold, corrugation, undulation, wave uqimbana (UZL NC 3) ripple, wavelet, wave, undulation, ridge, crease, wrinkle, ruffle, pucker. uqinta (UZL NC 3)/ ivila (UZL NC 2) idler, lazy person uqitholo / udwendwe (UZL NC 3) long row of people standing abreast qi… qibila / fukula / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) lift up something heavy, raise, hoist, heave, haul up, uplift, heft, boost, elevate, thrust, hold high qikelela / qaphela (isenzo / verb) pay attention to detail, be vigilant, have a watchful eye, be alert, be wide
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awake, be watchful, be cautious, be mindful; be careful qimba / iba nqunu (isenzo / verb) be naked, be half-naked, be not fully clothed, have transparent clothing qina qinelwa (isenzo / verb) be taken advantage of be strong, (2) be powerful, be muscular, be brawny (2) harden, solidify qinela / phaphela qinelwa (isenzo / verb) be taken advantage of take advantage of, bully, persecute, oppress, tyrannize, torment, qinile (isenzo / verb) hard qinelwa (isenzo / verb) be taken advantage of qinisa (isenzo / verb) tighten, make it harder, stiffen, reinforce qinisela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) persist, be stoical, persevere, exercise patience, endure, be brave qiniseka / nakekela / qinisekisa / qhaphelisisa (isenzo / verb) ensure, make sure, make certain, see to it, secure, guarantee, warrant, certify, clinch, confirm, check, verify, corroborate, establish (2) safeguard, protect, guard, shield, shelter, fortify, make invulnerable; assure, secure, make safe, watch over, look after, take care of. eqo… eqotho (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one with integrity iqo… iqobho / iqomu / ihleza (UZL NC 2) corncob, cob iqola (UZL NC 2)/ isigebengu (UZL NC 5)/ ihhuzu / ihuzu (UZL NC 2) a petty criminal, a burglar, a thief (2) a rascal, scallywag, scamp, devil, imp,
monkey, mischievous person, mischief-maker, a scoundrel iqolo (UZL NC 2) lumbar, lower back iqoma (UZL NC 2)/ ubhasikidi (UZL NC 1.1) a woven basket, receptacle, container, holder, vessel, box, case; wickerwork box, hamper, creel, pannier, punnet iqoqo / iqembu (UZL NC 2) a group, a small crowd, a body of people, a company, a troupe, an assembly, an assemblage, a gathering, a throng, a crew (2) set, series, array, assortment. (3) anthology, selection, compendium, treasury, compilation, miscellany, miscellanea, collected works, garland, analects iqoqwana (UZL NC 2)/ isigejane (UZL NC 5) a group of few people iqotho (UZL NC 2) knuckle oqo… oqondile (UZL NC 1.1. or UZL NC 1.2) the straight one oqoqekile (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the organized one oqotho (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the one with integrity, the one who is selfrespecting uqo… uqobo (UZL NC 3) exactness precision, exactness, undoubtedness, exactitude, accuracy, accurateness, qo… qoba / nqunqa / cezula / sika (isenzo / verb) chop, cut up, cut into pieces, chop up; cube, dice, qobela / ganisha (isenzo / verb) garnish (food) , decorate, adorn, trim, dress, ornament, embellish, enhance, grace, beautify, prettify, brighten up, set off, add the finishing touch qobile / nqunqile / cezulile / sikile (isiphawulo / adjective) chopped
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qobo / zithonto / njenjenje / qobo/ nse / ncimishi (isenzukuthi / ideophone) exactly, precisely, without doubt, entirely, absolutely, completely, totally qobola / qhwabaza (isenzo / verb) hit with a hard object such as the stick, knobkerrie, wooden spoon etc. qoma /khetha (isenzo / verb) choose, select, elect, opt, pick, pick out, favour, settle for, vote for, (2) select a lover, date someone; fall in love qomile chosen, elected (2) selected a lover, fallen in love qomanani (isenzo / verb) choose each other (2) fall in love with each other (check qoma above) qonda / zwisisa / landelisisa (isenzo / verb) understand, comprehend, grasp, see, take in, perceive qonda / thwishika (isenzo / verb) be straight qondakala / zwakala / caca / phumela-obala (isenzo / verb) be understood, be comprehensible, be intelligible, be understandable, be explicit, be unambiguous, be straightforward qondakele / cacile (isiphawulo / adjective) understood, clear qondana (isenzo / verb) be at the same level, go with, coordinate with, complement, harmonize with, blend with, suit (2) be a pair, be a set, be the same, go together. (3) correspond, be in agreement, tally, agree, match up, coincide, accord, conform, square, harmonize, be consonant, be compatible. (4) Meet one’s match, combine, match-up, link, team-up qondanani / hambisanani (isenzo / verb) be understanding of each other (2) qondanani / klelanani be aligned, associate (3) qondanani / bhekanani confront each other qondanisa (isenzo / verb) match, pair, ensure correspondence, arrange
accordingly, arrange according to exact sizes, arrange according to different sizes qondene (isiphawulo / adjective) aligned qondisa (isenzo / verb) straighten qondisela (isenzo / verb) straighten for, discipline for qondiswa (isenzo / verb) be straightened,be disciplined qondwa (isenzo / verb) be confronted qondwe (isiphawulo / adjective) confronted qonga / dlondlobala / memeza / khulumela-phezulu (isenzo / verb) speak loud, increase volume, (2) qonga / khuphuka / nyuka rise, move up, upwards, (3) loom, tower, soar, rise up, stand high, reach high (4) qonga / biza / dula / khuphuka / nyuka increase, go up, get higher, grow, advance, soar, shoot up, surge up, leap, jump, rocket, escalate, spiral qongelela / bekelela / qungelela (isenzo / verb) gather, collect, assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, run up, scrape together qoqa / cola / cwala / lungisa (isenzo / verb) tidy up, organize, be orderly, arrange accordingly, put orderly, order, arrange, sort out, assemble (2) qoqa / goqa / fingqa be brief, summarise, condense, highlight important points qoqa / landelanisa / hluza / hlela (isenzo / verb) arrange chronologically, systematise, do in a logical order, bring together qoqeka (isenzo / verb) be organised, be well-behaved qoqela (isenzo / verb) tidy up for someone or for something qoqile (isiphawulo / adjective) tidied up qoqisa (isenzo / verb) help one to tidy up qopha / baza / akha / khanda (isenzo / verb) sculpt, carve, generate, create produce, design, make, fabricate, fashion, manufacture, build, construct, erect, do, turn (2) qopha / khiqiza produce, manufacture,
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make, construct, build, fabricate, process, create; mass-produce, yield (3) qopha / hlekisa / bukisa / bhinqa tease, mock, satirise, deride, ridicule qophela (isenzo / verb) create for qongisa / gcwalisa (isenzo / verb) fill up, fill to the brim, top up, charge qotha / hlula / nqoba (isenzo / verb) wipe out, defeat, beat, vanquish, trounce, annihilate, triumph, conquer qothula /susa (isenzo / verb) root out, wipe out, cross out, strike out, score out, blot out, blank out qothwa / hlulwa / nqotshwa (isenzo / verb) be wiped out, be conquered, be defeated, be overthrown equ… equbile (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one that has been offered a temporal accommodation, the impermanent one equlekile (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one that has fainted equlwini (undaweni / locative) in / at/ from to the crowd iqu… iqulu (UZL NC 2)/ isiwombe (UZL NC 5)/ izihlwele / izinkumbi (UZL NC 9) / iningi (UZL NC 2) crowd, multitude, large group, throng, horde iqulwana / iqenjana (UZL NC 2)/ isigejane (UZL NC 5)/ inqwatshana (UZL NC 6) small crowd, group, a faction iqunga (UZL NC 2) (inkanuko yokulwa noma ukubulala) the surge to commit murder or violence again, gush of aggression, habitual fighting or killing iqupha (UZL NC 2) knuckle iququ / iqaqa / iphunga / ivumba (UZL NC 2) bad smell, foul smell, stench, stink, rot oqu…
oqumbiwe (UZL NC 1.1) the one who has been overthrown (check qumba) oqunjelwe (UZL NC 1.1 ) the one who is constipated, the constipated one uqu… uqunga (UZL NC 3)/ isithunywaesicashile (UZL NC 5)/ impimpi (UZL NC 6) secret messenger uquqaba (UZL NC 3)/ abantu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinkumbi / izihlwele (UZL NC 9) general population, masses, crowd, throng, qu… quba / casha / fihla (isenzo / verb) hide, conceal, secrete, put in a hiding place, put out of sight, camouflage; qubela / cashela (isenzo / verb) hide for qubisa / cashisa (isenzo / verb) offer one hiding place qubuka / qhamuka (isenzo / verb) emerge from nowhere, come out, appear, come into view, become visible, make sudden appearance; turn up, spring up, come up, surface, crop up, pop up; (2) become known, become apparent, become evident, be revealed qubula / phakamisa / tibula (isenzo / verb) lift; raise, hoist, heave, haul up qula / thetha icala (isenzo / verb) confronted with evidence, confront with facts, confront to establish facts, verify rumours or hearsay, be part of a hearing; adjudicate, judge; arbitrate; mediate; prosecute; defend quleka / shaywa isiyezi (isenzo / verb) faith, pass out, lose consciousness, fall unconscious, black out, collapse qulela / thulula / thela ngamanzi (isenzo / verb) pour, stream, flow, run, gush, cascade, course qulisa (isenzo / verb) hold someone accountable, make one to answer, hold answerable quliswa (isenzo / verb) be held accountable, be held answerable
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qulula / hwitha / bhamba / shaya (isenzo / verb) hit repeatedly qumba / gcwala umoya esiswini (isenzo / verb) be constipated (2) exude self-importance (3) qumba / thukuthela / buyisa izinhlonzi be angry, frown (2) qumba umubuso / ketula uhulumeni /overthrow government, seize power, commit a coup qunda / yenza buthuntu (isenzo / verb) make less sharp, make blunt, make dull qunga / tshengisa (isenzo / verb) amass; exhibit qunga isibindi = be brave, have courage, be ready for the act, put a mask, assume a character that one is usually not, qunjelwa-isisu (isenzo / verb) have constipation, flatulence, be constipated, have difficulty passing stool qunjelwe (isiphawulo / adjective) constipated qunjiswa (isenzo / verb) be constipated as a result of … ququda / hlafuna / gaya (isenzo / verb) gnaw, chew, bite, nibble, munch, crunch, champ, chomp (2) think; reflect quva/ gweva / goloza (isenzo / verb) resist, withstand, be proof against, hold out against, combat, (2)oppose, fight against, refuse to accept, be hostile to, object to, be anti, take a stand against, defy, 3) refrain from, abstain from, keep from, forbear from, desist from, forgo, avoid; (4) struggle with, battle against, fight against, put up a fight against, battle against, stand up to
…qh…
Iqha… iqhalaqhala (UZL NC 2) / uqhozasi (UZL NC 1.1) a boisterous person, lively, active, animated, exuberant, spirited, bouncy, frisky, excited, overexcited, in high spirits
iqhawe (UZL NC 2)/ isigayigayi (UZL NC 5) / ingwazi (UZL NC 6)/ isihlabani (UZL NC 5) hero, brave man, champion, man of courage, great man, man of the hour, conquering hero, victor, winner, conqueror iqhathanzipho / inono / igcokama (UZL NC 2) a very clean person iqhawekazi (UZL NC 2) heroine (check iqhawe above) iqhawu / umuqhewu (UZL NC 2) a slit, cut, incision, split, slash, gash, laceration; rip iqhaza / igalelo (UZL NC 2)/ isandla (UZL NC 5) role, contribution, capacity, position, job, post, office, task, duty, responsibility, mantle, place, situation; function, part, hand. oqha…. oqhaqhazelayo (UZL NC 1.1) the shivering one, the one that shivers uqha… uqhaqhava / uqhaqhavana / uqhaqhaveyane (UZL NC 3) (owomelele ) a skinny person, thin, scrawny, scraggy, bony, angular, raw-boned person qha… qha / cha (isenzukuthi / ideophone) no, never, not, not at all qhabo / qha bo!bo!, cha / hhayi! Bo, akunjalo / asikho isidingo (isenzukuthi / ideophone) no; absolutely not, most certainly not, of course not, under no circumstances, by no means, not at all, never qhafaza / ngcavaza / cindezela (isenzo / verb) press, push (down), press down, thumb, depress, bear down on, lean on, lower, pin, pinion, hold down, force, ram, thrust, cram, squeeze, compress, wedge. qhakaza / chuma (isenzo / verb) flourish, thrive, prosper, bloom, be in good shape, be in good health (2) qhakaza
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/ caca / chacha / gqama = emit light, shine, give off light, beam, radiate, gleam, glow, sparkle, twinkle, flicker, glitter, glisten, shimmer, flash, dazzle, flare, glare, fluoresce qhakazisa / cwebezelisa (isenzo / verb) polish, burnish, buff, wax, gloss, brighten, brush, smooth, rub up qhamuka / vela / lunguza (isenzo / verb) look quickly, cast a brief look, take a secret look, spy, take a sly or stealthy look, sneak a look, peek, have a peek, glance, peer; peep (2) appear (slowly or partly) qhantsha / qhasha / gxuma (isenzo / verb) fly off, jump up, leap, spring, bound, hop, bounce; skip, bob, qhaqhalaza / qhanqalaza (isenzo / verb) be ahead of everyone else, excel, be outstanding, be brilliant, be excellent, be very good, be successful, be expert, stand out, be pre-eminent. qhaqhazela / vevezela / qhuqha (isenzo / verb) shake, shiver, tremble, quiver, shake, shudder, quaver, quake, vibrate, palpitate, flutter, convulse. qhatha / xabanisa / xova (isenzo / verb) set one against the other, cause a fight, cause a brawl (2) qhatha / khohlisa (isenzo / verb) lie, deceive; fool around qhathanisa / hlobanisa (isenzo / verb) compare, contrast, set side by side, juxtapose, collate, differentiate, weigh up, balance qhathulula / zisuse / ala / shalaza / chitha / enza engathi awuboni (isenzo / verb) distance oneself, disregard, dismiss, take no notice of, shrug off, ignore, set aside qhaya/ zithwale / zithume / shaya izithupha (isenzo / verb) be self-centred, be selfish, be egocentric, be egomaniacal, be self-interested
iqhe… iqhezu / iqhuzu (UZL NC 2)/ ingxenye (UZL NC 6) a piece, bit, section, slice, chunk, segment, lump, hunk; wedge, slab, knob, block, bar, tablet, brick, cube, stick, length; offcut oqhe… oqhenyayo / ozasisayo / ozithwele (UZL NC 1.1) the proud one, the one that is proud uqhe… uqhekeko (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukano (UZL NC 6) division, disunity, disunion, conflict, factionalism, discord, disagreement, dissension, disaffection qhe… qhekeza/ gqekeza / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) gape, open wide, open up, yawn; part, crack, split (2) break in, commit a burglary, intrude, housebreaker, robber, crack open qhela / gudluka/ suduka (isenzo / verb) give way, stay away; move, allow passage, create a space, make a path, allow to proceed, step aside qhelanisa / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) separate, isolate, divide, create a space between, make spaces in between qhelisa / gudluza (isenzo / verb) move others, make others to give way qhephuka / qhephula / phula (isenzo / verb) break, set apart, separate, split, fragment, cut into pieces, qhethuka / qethuka / iwa ngomuhlane (isenzo / verb) fall backward, lie on your back with eyes on the roof, qhetha / khukhumeza / thwala / hambela phezulu (isenzo / verb) be frigid; be distant, be detached, be unresponsive, be remote, be impersonal;
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qhenya / zazi / zazise / zishaye isifuba (isenzo / verb) be proud, (2) be aloof iqhi… iqhikiza / ijongosi (UZL NC 2)/ intombi (UZL NC 6) a young woman who has just graduated from her teens, a young female adult, iqhikizane (UZL NC 2) an insect, a tick iqhina (UZL NC 2) steenbok (a small antelope with large ears, a small tail, and smooth upright horns) iqhinga (UZL NC 2)/ umubono / umuqondo (UZL NC 1.2) a game plan, a view, a plot, a plan, an idea, a strategy, scheme, stratagem, plan, course of action; method, programme, expedient, gambit, move, approach, tack, path, road; device, trick, ploy, dodge, (2) an approach, a perspective, a tackle (3) out of the box approach uqhi… uqhinsi (UZL NC 3)/ ibomvu / ikekezi (UZL NC 2) red ochre, face mask, product used for exfoliating the face, qhi… qhibula / vuna (isenzo / verb) harvest qhifiza / qhufuza / patshaza / choba (isenzo / verb) squash, crush, break, hit, collide, strike, smash, bump into qhimilika / ntwininiza / baleka / gijima (isenzo / verb) run like a green neck gecko qhina / luka / photha (isenzo / verb) plait the hair, style one’s hair qhinqa (isenzo / verb) stage a sit-in qhinsila / dinsila (isenzo / verb) drop something heavy, burst something heavy qhiyama / qonda (isenzo / verb) be erect iqho…
iqhoksi (UZL NC 2)/ (isicathulo esiphakeme) high heel shoe iqholo (UZL NC 2) a hat made out of feathers, male head gear made out of feathers iqholo / ithemba (UZL NC 2) hope, aspiration, desire, wish, expectation, ambition, aim, plan oqho… oqhoqhoqho (UZL NC 8.1) windpipes uqhoko (UZL NC 3)/ ubulephelo (UZL NC 8.2) leprosy (a very contagious skin, mucous membranes, and nerves disease that causes discoloration and lumps on the skin) uqho… uqhomfane (UZL NC 3)/ umuqwayiba (UZL NC 1.2) biltong; dry meat uqhoqhoqho (UZL NC 1.1) windpipe uqhoqhovane / uqhothozwane (UZL NC 3)/ izimbanjwana (UZL NC 9) a very undernourished person or animal, skinny, bony, dry, emaciated, scraggy person or thing uqhotho / uqhomfane (UZL NC 3)/ okomelele (UZL NC 4)/ umuqwayiba (UZL NC 1.2) something extremely dry like dry biltong, (2) something very skinny and bony, emaciated person or thing qho… qho / njalo / njalo nje (isenezelelo, isandiso / adverb) always, every time, each time, at all times, all the time, on every occasion, on all occasions, consistently, invariably, without fail, without exception, qhobonyeka / swaca / buyisa izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) scowl, frown, sneer, pout, wince, glower, pull a face qhoboza / caba / luma / hlafuna / munca (isenzo / verb) chew as in bone, munch, masticate, crunch, bite
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qhofoza / chofoza / chafaza / phihliza / phahlaza (isenzo / verb) break , crack, crush, smack, hit, qhola / ngenelela (isenzo / verb) overtake, assume a closest place in the queue, manoeuvre in a queue, disregard those who have come first qhola / phumputhela / gcoba / faka (isenzo / verb) anoint, smear with oil, rub with oil, apply oil to, spread oil over, qhola amakha = spray with a perfume qholosha / qhenya / qhenya / zithwale / zinkonkoshele / zitshele / zazise (isenzo / verb) be impertinent, be insolent, be cheeky qhoqha / qhuqha (isenzo / verb) feel cold, freeze, feel very cold, go numb with cold, qhoqhobala / bambelela (isenzo / verb) hold on, clutch, hold, hang on to, clasp, grasp, grip, cling to qhosha / zikhukhumeze / zithwale (isenzo / verb) boast, brag, crow, swagger, swank, gloat, show off eqhu… eqhugayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 ) the limping one eqhumayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the cracking one iqhu… iqhubu / iqhuqhuva / ipinayi (UZL NC 2) pimple, spot, pustule, blackhead, boil, swelling, skin eruption, carbuncle, wen, cyst, abscess, blister; acne; iqhude (UZL NC 2) cock, male fowl, rooster, cockerel iqhugwane (UZL NC 2)/ uguqasithandaze (UZL NC 1.1) a thatched arch-shaped house (traditional Zulu architecture)
oqhu… oqhuqhayo / ogodolayo (UZL NC 1.1) the freezing one, the cold one oqhubayo / oshayelayo / umushayeli / umuqhubi (UZL NC 1.1) driver, pilot, captain uqhu… uqhumane (UZL NC 3)/ isikwebhisi (UZL NC 5) cracker uqhume (UZL NC 3)/ amaphophukhona (UZL NC 7) pop-corn uqhuqho (UZL NC 3)/ umalaleveva (UZL NC 1.1) shivering fit, ague, malaria uqhuqhuva / uthuthuva (UZL NC 3)/ umuhhayizo (UZL NC 1.2) hysteria, frenzy, wildness, feverishness, irrationality; loss of control; panic qhu… qhuba / shayela / drayiva / phusha / isa phambili (isenzo / verb) drive, propel, power, push, steer forward qhubela / shayelela (isenzo / verb) drive for qhubeka / iya phambili / hamba (isenzo / verb) proceed, continue, go ahead, carry on, go on, continue, keep on, get on, get ahead qhubekela (isenzo / verb) move forward qhubekisa / dlulisa / shonisa phambili / hambisa phambili (isenzo / verb) go after, run after, follow, chase, give chase to; hunt, stalk, track, trail, trace, shadow, qhubeza / bhebhezela / qhubekisela phambili / dlulisela / bangela phambili (isenzo / verb) exacerbate, aggravate, make worse, worsen, inflame, compound, intensify, increase, perpetuate qhubuka / qubuka / mane uvele nje / vela esikhaleni / mangaza (isenzo / verb) suddenly emerge from a hiding place, surprise, catch off guard, burst in
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qhudelana / ziswanani izikhwepha (isenzo / verb) compete, contest, vie, fight, battle, clash, tussle, grapple, wrestle, wrangle, jockey qhudelanani (isenzo / verb) compete with each other qhudelanela compete over … qhudelene competed qhuga / xhuga / kheleza (isenzo / verb) limp, hobble qhugela / xhugela (isenzo / verb) limp along qhulula / vivitha / viviza / shaya / qhwitha / tarabha (isenzo / verb) hit with thin sticks, hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, drub, hook, pound, smash, slam, welt, pummel, hammer, bang, knock, swat, whip, flog, cane qhulula / khumula / khipha / thulula (isenzo / verb) strip off, strip naked, undress, strip off, take one's clothes off qhuma (isenzo / verb) explode, burst, blow up, detonate, blow, burst (apart), fly apart, fly into pieces, shatter, go off, erupt; bang, crack, boom; qhumele exploded from, exploded towards, exploded in, exploded to qhumile exploded, detonated qhumisa (isenzo / verb) cause to explode, detonate qhumuza / hlafuna (isenzo / verb) chew something crunchy or dry such as ginger biscuit, munch, crunch, crack qhumbuza / chambuza / putshuza / khama (isenzo / verb) puncture, make a hole in, pierce, penetrate, rupture, perforate, riddle, stab, cut, nick, slit, prick, spike, stick qhunyiswa caused to explode qhunyisiwe been make to explode qhuqha / godola / banda (isenzo / verb) be chilly, cool, freeze, feel cold; shiver from cold qhutha / hluba (isenzo / verb) pluck, remove the feathers from, strip of feathers; deplume, remove, pick off,
pick, pull, pull off, extract, take, take off qhutshwa be led, be escorted qhuzuka / shayeka (isenzo / verb) trip, stumble, lose one's footing, catch one's foot, slip, lose one's balance, stagger, totter, slide; fall, fall down, tumble, topple, qhuzula / khahlela / khribha / wisa / shaya ngothufidi (isenzo / verb) knock over, knock down, upset, push over, tip over, upend, capsize; fell, tear down, flatten, level, (2) overthrow, oust
…qhw…
Iqhwa… iqhwa (UZL NC 2)/ unqweqwane (UZL NC 3) ice, snow iqhwagi / idiya (UZL NC 2) a locust uqhwa… uqhwaga (UZL NC 1.1)/ umusipha (UZL NC 1.2) cartilage uqhwasha (UZL NC 1.1) homemade-gun qhwa… qhwa / qwa (isenzo / verb) kumuhlophe qhwa / qwa = It is spotless white, it is pure white. (2) banging sound qhwaba / shaya izandla (isenzo / verb) clap, applaud, clap one's hands, give someone a round of applause, put one's hands together; give someone a standing ovation, applaud qhwakela (isenzo / verb) be in an elevated position, be in a raised position, be up there, be on the throne, ride on qhwakeliswa (isenzo / verb) be elevated to the throne, be elevated to the high office, be made to sit on high chair, be made to occupy a sit in front qhwanda / gumba / imba (isenzo / verb) dig, unearth, dig up, pull up, grub up, root up, root out,
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qhwasha / qwasha / lala ungalele / guquguquka / ungafikelwa ubuthongo (isenzo / verb) have insomnia, be sleepless, be restless qhwashaza / qhosha / hambela phezulu (isenzo / verb) walk with confidence, walk tall, qhwaya / qhwanda (isenzo / verb) scratch the surface uqhwe… uqhwememe (UZL NC 3) hard, dry object, flat, stiff object qhwe… qhweba / biza (isenzo / verb) beckon, gesture, call, signal, wave, gesticulate, make a gesture, motion, nod, entice, tempt, coax, lure, charm, attract, draw qhwi… qhwishiza / dlidliza / quleka (isenzo / verb) have a seizure, convulsion, spasm, paroxysm, collapse, sudden illness, attack, fit, bout, stroke, apoplexy qhwitha / qhutha (isenzo / verb) pluck, remove the feathers from, strip of feathers; rare deplume, displume (2) strum, pick, thrum, twang, plunk, finger; play pizzicato.
…qw…
qwa… qwala / nyuka / khuphupha / khwela / gibela (isenzo / verb) ascend, climb-up qwaqwada / qongqotha / nqonqotha (isenzo / verb) knock , bang, thump, pound, hammer
…r…
Ira… irabha (UZL NC 6) rubber
irama / imajarini (UZL NC 6) Rama margarine, margarine (although Rama is a brand name, people have come to use it as if applicable to all margarines)
irandi (UZL NC 2) / ishumi (UZL NC 2) rand, R1, one rand, South African currency irasta (UZL NC 2) Rastafarian irawundabhawuthi (UZL NC 6) / isiyingi (UZL NC 5) / iringi (UZL NC 6) roundabout, circle, traffic circle ura… urawondi / urondaveli rondavel irayisi (UZL NC 2) rice rasa… rasa / banga umusindo / memeza (isenzo / verb) make noise, shout rawunda / zungeza / jikeleza (isenzo / verb) go round, go around, move in circles ire… irenti / intela / intelakuqasha (UZL NC 6) rent, hire charge, rental, fee, cost, price, rate, tariff. irestorenti (UZL NC 6) / ithilomu (UZL NC 2) a restaurant, café, tearoom irethipheya (UZL NC 6) / umukhokhintela (UZL NC 1.1) / (umukhokhi wentela yezindlu nemihlaba) ratepayer ireyido (UZL NC 6) / umusakazo (UZL NC 1.2) radio ireyiza / ireyiza (UZL NC 6) razor re… renta / khokha (isenzo / verb) rent, lease, hire rentela / khokhela (isenzo / verb) rent for, pay for rentile / khokhile (isiphawulo / adjective) have paid the rent, paid rentelwa (isenzo / verb) have somebody renting on your or one’s behalf rentisa (isenzo / verb) make available for renting rentiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to rent, be made to pay rent
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iri… irimu (UZL NC 6) rim iringi / indandatho (UZL NC 6) ring irisidi (UZL NC 2) receipt ri… ringa / qongqotha / ngqongqoza (isenzo / verb) ring, knock (2) ringa / fona / shaya ucingo ring, telephone, dial, call, phone ringela (isenzo / verb) ring for ringile (isenzo / verb) rang ringisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to ring iro… irobhothi (UZL NC 2) / isibanisomugwaqo (UZL NC 5) robot, traffic light iroli (UZL NC 2) bread roll irosali (UZL NC 2) rosary irozi (UZL NC 2) a rose ro… robha / gebenga (isenzo / verb) rob robhela (isenzo / verb) rob for robhile (isiphawulo / adjective) caused robbery robhisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to rob rojiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) was robbed, had been robbed rojwa (isenzo / verb) be robbed rola / goqa (isenzo / verb) fold, wrap, roll rolela / goqela (isenzo / verb) roll for someone rolile (isiphawulo / adjective) has / have rolled or folded rolisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to roll or fold roliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been rolled ronga (isenzo / verb) get something wrong, be wrong rongile (isiphawulo / adjective) got something wrong
rongisa (isenzo / verb) make something wrong rongisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been caused to make it wrong rosta (isenzo / verb) roast, braai rostela (isenzo / verb) roast for rostisa (isenzo / verb) cause to roast rostwa (isenzo / verb) be roasted iru… irula (UZL NC 2) a ruler irumu (UZL NC 2)/ igumbi (UZL NC 2) room rula / phatha / busa rule, govern, preside
…s…
asa… Asabelaneni. Let us share with each other. Asabelaneni isinkwa. / Let us share bread. Asazane. Let us get to know one another. Asazi. / Asazi-ke. We do not know. Asaziwa. We are unknown. (2) It is not known. esa… esa … prefix sound-unit is used to formulate an investigative question enquiring about the possessive of UZL NC 5 and responding to that question. All nouns with prefix sound unit ‘isi…’ belong to UZL NC 5 e.g. Isicathulo / shoes; isinkwa bread; isizwe / nation; isitho / bodypart. Other nouns under UZL NC 5 include many nouns with prefix sound unit ‘isa…’; ‘ise…’; ‘iso…’ such as isandla / hand; isangoma / African clairvoyant ; isando / hammer; isenzo / action; isono / sin. Please note that only nouns with prefix sound unit ‘isi…’ belong to UZL NC 5. Other nouns with prefix ‘isa…’; ‘ise…’; ‘iso…’ may belong to UZL NC 2. All those with prefix ‘isu…’ belong to UZL NC 2 and not 5. Therefore ‘esa…’ only applies to those nouns
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which belong to UZL NC 5 e.g. Esabani lesi isicathulo? / Whose shoe is this? The answer may be ‘esami/ It is mine. Esabani? (UZL NC 5) Whose is it? Esabo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 8.1 & 8.2 ) It is theirs. Theirs = UZL NC 8.1. esa… = UZL NC 5 e.g. isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, …bo/ theirs = plural noun UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people, ogogo / grandmothers; prefix ‘bo…’ is also applicable to mass noun UZL NC 8.2 e.g. ubomi / life ; ubuso / face; utshani / grass. You may elect to shorten the sentence by saying; ‘esabantu.” / It is for the people. Esogogo. / It is for the grandmothers. If you do this, you are subjecting the sentence to a linguistic mathematical process called vowel coalescence. There are rules that must be followed when vowels collide. EsaBongani. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 human noun) It is Bongani’s. (applicable to any singular proper human nouns) Esako. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 4) It is its. Or you can be more specific about it and say; Esako ukudla / It is for the food. Remember isiZulu also operates like mathematics, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say Esokudla. Right hand (2) Otherwise if not using the entire possessive and abject noun UZL NC 4, you have to drop suffix possessive sound unit for the object noun ‘…ko’ and change prefix possessive sound ‘esa…’ to ‘eso…’ minus prefix vowel of the object noun. Esakhe. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 human ) It is his/hers. Or you can be more specific and say; “ Esakhe umfana. / It is for the boy. Remember, isiZulu also operates like mathematics, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; “Esomfana.” / It is for the boy. In isiZulu language, conventional rules
of shortening a sentence are not always applicable in terms of the logic of this language. Once, you introduce a change in sentence, it has got to be evidential in a manner which demonstrates a relationship between two independent variables or words. Otherwise if not using the entire possessive and abject noun UZL NC 1.1 human; you have to drop suffix sound unit for the object noun ‘…khe’ and change possessive sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘eso…’ minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember, once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit.. Esakho. (UZL NC 5: second person singular) It is yours. Esakho. (UZL NC 5) It is yours. Esalo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 2 and 3) It is its. Or it is for it. his/hers. Or you can be more specific about it and say; Esalo iqanda. / It is for the egg. Iqanda = UZL NC 2. or uthando = UZL NC 3. Remember, isiZulu also operates like mathematics, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; Eseqanda. (UZL NC 5) It is for the egg. Or Esothando. (UZL NC 5) It is for the love. Otherwise if not using the entire possessive and object noun UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3; you have to drop suffix possessive sound unit for the object noun UZL NC 2 & UZL NC 3 ‘…lo’ and change possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ for UZL NC 2; ‘eso…’ for UZL NC 3 minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember, once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit.. You will notice a variation because nouns belonging to UZL NC 2 start with prefix vowel ‘i…’ and those of UZL NC 3 start with prefix
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vowel ‘u…’ that is why for UZL NC 2 we use ‘ese…’ and for UZL NC 3 we use ‘eso…’ Esami. (UZL NC 5: first person singular) It is mine. esangweni (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to the gate Esaso. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 5) It is its. Or it is for it/ his/hers. Or you can be more specific about it and say; Esaso isalukazi. / It is for the old woman. Remember, isiZulu also operates like mathematics, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; Esesalukazi. / It is for the old woman Otherwise if not using the entire possessive and object noun UZL NC 5; you have to drop suffix possessive sound unit for the object noun UZL NC 5 ‘…so’ and change possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember, once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit..(esa… = UZL NC 5 e.g isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, …so/ it, she, he = UZL NC 5 e.g. isalukazi / old woman, isigebengu / thief, isithombe / picture ) Esayo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 6 & 10) It is its / hers/ his or them. Or you can be more specific about it and say; “Esayo inkomo. / It is for the cow. Or Esayo intombazane. / It is for the girl. Or Esayo imiphakathi. / It is for the communities. The latter being UZL NC 10. Remember, isiZulu is also agglutinative, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; Esenkomo. / It is for the cow. Or Esentombazane. / It is for the girls. Or in the case of UZL NC 10, you can say; “Esemiphakathi. / It is for the communities.” In this case sound unit ‘mi…’ is infixed, which demonstrates UZL NC 10 concord, as a distinct plural noun cluster . Otherwise, if not using the entire possessive and object noun UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10; you have to drop
suffix possessive sound-unit for the object noun UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10 ‘…yo’ and change possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember, once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit..(esa… / it is = UZL NC 5 e.g. isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, …yo / his , hers or it = UZL NC 6 with prefix in…. (singular) or im… (singular or inkomo / cow, ingane / child, imbali / flower, imoto / car. UZL NC 10 = imithwalo / loads,
It for them. Esawo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 non-human & UZL NC 7) It is its or theirs. Or it is for it. Or them. Or you can be more specific about it and say; Esawo ugandaganda. / It is for the tractor. = UZL NC 1.1 non-human.; or Esawo umuzi. / It is for the house. = UZL NC 1.2 non-human. Or Esawo amantombazane. / It is for the girls. = UZL NC 7. Remember, isiZulu also operates like science. Therefore, when a change occurs we need to see evidence and method applied which led to that result. If not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; ”Esikagandaganda. “/ It is for the tractor. UZL NC 1.1 non-human. UZL NC 1.2 Esomuzi. / It is for the house.. Esamantombazane. / It is for the girls. Otherwise if not using the entire possessive and object noun UZL NC 1.1; UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7 you have to drop suffix possessive sound unit for the object noun UZL NC 1.1non-human; UZL NC 1.2 and UZL NC 7 ‘…wo’ and change possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘esika…’ for UZL NC 1.1 non-human; ‘eso…’ for UZL NC 1.2 and ‘esa…’ for UZL NC 7 minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit.. imiphakathi / communities)
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Learn more about isiZulu scientific methods in the textbook. Esazo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 9) It is theirs. You can choose to be more specific about theirs and say; Esazo izingane. / It is for the children. Remember, isiZulu also operates like mathematics, therefore if not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; Esezingane. It is for the children. Otherwise, if not using the entire possessive and object noun UZL NC 5; you have to drop suffix possessive sound unit for the object noun UZL NC 5 ‘…zo’ and change possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ minus prefix vowel of the object noun.. Remember, once this change has occurred, the object noun must connect to the possessive sound unit.. (esa… = UZL NC 5 e.g. isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, …zo / theirs = UZL NC 9: plural with prefix iz… e.g. izintombi / ladies, izimbuzi / goats Isa… isa… = (simile : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) Prefix isa.. In a word sentence is equivalent to English “it is like…” when sound unit ‘isa…’ is used with a noun it often denotes a simile e.g isamuntu / It is like a person, isaqanda, its like an egg… However, prefix sound unit ‘isa…’ is only applicable to UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 e.g. ingane isamuntu / a child is like a person. All UZL NC 6 and 10 have prefix sound unit ‘im…’’ and ‘in…’ in the case of UZL NC 6. Examples of UZL NC 6 include imali / money; imoto / car; imbali / flower; inkomo / cow; ingane / child. Ingane isamuntu. / A child is like a person. Imoto isatshe. / A car is like a stone.. Examples of UZL NC 10 include imithetho / laws; imiyalelo / directives e.g. imithetho isampoqo / laws are like force. ; imiyalelo
isakucwasa. / Directives are like prejudice.. isa… = prefix sound unit simile of UZALO Noun Cluster 6 and 10 and their pronoun e.g. Lena inkukhu isamuntu. / this chicken is like a person. / Yona isamuntu. / It is like a person. Isa… as prefix can also depict the current state, condition or mood of UZL NC 6 & 10. For example; ‘ingane isangene.’ / A child is crazy. Or Ingane isabanda. / A child is still cold. Imiphakathi / Communities = UZL NC 10 isabhikisha. / The communities are still protesting. isa… = prefix sound unit concord for UZALO NC 6 and 10 e.g. (i) Ingane isakhala / the baby is still crying, Inyoka isangena emugodini. / The snake is getting into the hole. Therefore isa… sound unit is present continuous tense concord for UZALO noun cluster 6 which are all nouns with prefix in…, im… and UZALO noun cluster 10 with prefix sound unit imi… as well as pronoun for UZALO noun cluster 6 and 10 which is ‘yona’. Yona isagijima = S/He, It is still running. S/He, It = UZALO noun cluster 6 and 10. Isa… as prefix sound unit can also denote remote past tense for UZL NC 6 and 10 e.g. Isadlula leyo inyanga. / That month has long passed. Isafa leyo imoto. / That car broke (long ago). Remember, isiZulu language operates like mathematics. Therefore, you can follow a shortened method when speaking or writing, however you must be aware that following this method is different from English in that in isiZulu language it is specific, sequential and has to reflect evidence of such a change. For example; Isadlula leyo inyanga. / That month has passed. The shortened method of this sentence
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is; “Isadlula leyonyanga. / That month has passed. Remember, prefix ‘isa…’ cannot stand alone in a sentence, it must always connect to the verb or adjective or object noun. Isababa. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is like father or man. (UZL NC 6); They are like father or man. (UZL NC 10) Isababa. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is still chili-hot or bitter. (UZL NC 6) ; They are still chili- hot or bitter. Isabanda. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is still cold. (UZL NC 6); They are still cold. (UZL NC 10) iSabatha (UZL NC 2), Sabbath ; holy day, a Shembe church day for Saturday isabelo / isiphiwo (UZL NC 5)/ ubizo (UZL NC 3) a calling, fate, destiny, providence, God's will, nemesis, kismet, astral influence, luck, blessing, predestination, predetermination, serendipity isaga (UZL NC 5) metaphor, figure of speech isagila / isaqwayi / isiqwayi (UZL NC 5) knobkerrie, assegai; a stick refined accordingly to use as a traditional weapon isahha / isaha (UZL NC 2) a saw isahluko/ isihloko / isigaba (UZL NC 5)/ indima / ingxenye (UZL NC 6) chapter, section, division, part, portion, segment, section, component, bit, installment, series, rash, sequence, succession, string, chain, wave, progression, set, course, cycle, stream, outbreak, branch, division, subdivision isahlukwana / isihlokwana / isigatshana (UZL NC 5)/ indinyana / ingxenyana (UZL NC 6) sub-topic, subtitle, sub-section (2) sub-heading, sub topic, sub-heading, sub-title, subsection, e.g. Chapter 7 subsection (a) of the RSA Constitution = subsection (a)
isahluleki / isehluleki (UZL NC 5) a failure, the defeated, the conquered, the easily conquered, the one who surrendered. isaka (UZL NC 2) sack, bag isakabuli (UZL NC 2) a finch, songbird isakhamuzi (UZL NC 5) / umuhlali (UZL NC 1.1) citizen, inhabitant, resident, occupant, occupier, dweller, settler; local, native isakhiso / isiza / isiqephusomuhlaba (UZL NC 5)/ indawoyokwakha / iplothi (UZL NC 6) allotment, plot, piece of ground, patch, area, location, parcel, tract, acreage isakhiwo (UZL NC 5) a building, a structure, isalakutshelwa (UZL NC 5)/ unkaniyasha (UZL NC 1.1) a stubborn person, obstinate person, headstrong, strong-willed, obdurate, awkward, difficult, contrary, perverse, recalcitrant, refractory, inflexible, iron-willed, uncompromising, uncooperative, unaccommodating, intractable, unbending, unyielding, Isalakutshelwa sibona ngomopho
(isiZulu saying) = literal translation = a stubborn, obstinate, difficult person learns through injury resulting in bleeding. This is said when a person refuses to adhere to advices and persuasions. The saying thus means the one who doesn’t listen will only learn once a disaster or accident befalls on him/her.
isalamumva (UZL NC 5) a person who always comes last, a person who expects to come last, a person who writes slowly; a slow person, obtuse, unenthusiastic, psychologically selective person; unperceptive, imperceptive, blind, uncomprehending. (a) Isalamumva lizwa ngezagila. / The one who comes last feels the (beating) of knobkerries / The one who comes is the eyewitness or becomes a victim. isalamusi (UZL NC 5)/ umulingo / umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) magic, sorcery, witchcraft, wizardry, necromancy, enchantment, incantation, the
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supernatural, occultism, the occult, black magic, the black arts, devilry, divination, malediction, voodoo, hoodoo, sympathetic magic, white magic, witching, witchery; charm, hex, spell, jinx isaliwakazi (UZL NC 5) a person of the opposite set who is often rejected by the other sex. isalukazi (UZL NC 5)/ ugogo / ukhulu / umakhulu / umuntomdala / umuxhiliba (UZL NC 1.1) old woman, granny, grandmother, great grand mother, a woman elder isamba / isijumbu (UZL NC 5)/ izindimbane (UZL NC 9) bulk, combo, size, volume, dimensions, measurements, proportions, mass, substance, scale, magnitude, immensity, hugeness, vastness, massiveness, bulkiness, largeness, bigness, ampleness, amplitude isambane (UZL NC 5) mole isambokwe (UZL NC 5) a whip made out of a hippo hide isambulo (UZL NC 5) revelation, disclosure, surprising fact, divulgence, declaration, utterance, announcement, report, news, leak, avowal; acknowledgement, admission, confession. isandali (UZL NC 2)/ imbadada (UZL NC 6) sandal, shoe with opening in front (amasandali = (UZL NC 7) / izimbadada (UZL NC 9) = sandals) isandiso (UZL NC 5) magnifier, extension, enlargement (2) appendage; addendum isando / isiqongqotho / isishayeli (UZL NC 5) (okokunqonqothela; okokushayela; okunamathelisa nokukunqonqothela) hammer, mallet, beetle, gavel. isandulela /isamukelo / isingeniso (UZL NC 5)/ amazwiokuvula (UZL NC 7) / umukhelaphezulu (UZL NC 1.2) preface, introduction, foreword, preamble, prologue, prelude, preliminary;
prefatory; opening remarks, front matter, forward matter, overview isandla (UZL NC 5) hand isandlwana (UZL NC 5) little hand, iSandlwana (UZL NC 5) the name of the place where the victorious battle of amaZulu was won isango (UZL NC 5) gate, gateway, doorway, entrance, exit, egress, opening; door, portal; isangoma / isanusi (UZL NC 5) ancestral messenger, African traditional clairvoyant; spirit medium; medium with ancestral spirits, prophet, seer, soothsayer, forecaster; astrologer, prognosticator; mind reader, palmist, palm-reader, telepathist, spiritualist, isangomanyana (UZL NC 5) isangoma like, spirit medium imposter; a questionable African traditional clairvoyant; an insignificant medium or astrologer isangquma / isanqu / isichotho (UZL NC 5) hailstorm isangwana(UZL NC 5) little gate, gate like, isanqawe (UZL NC 5) a place to hide, a hidden place (2) It (UZL NC 6 or 10 ) is like a smoking pipe isanqawe (UZL NC 5)/ inqawe (UZL NC 6)/igudu / ipipi (UZL NC 2) smoking pipe isayensi (UZL NC 6)/ ubuchwepheshe (UZL NC 8.2) science, branch of knowledge, body of knowledge, empirical information, facts, area of study, discipline, field. isayensiluphando (UZL NC 6)/ uphandobuchwepheshe / uphandomugomo / uphandobufakazi / uvundululoluphando / ucocisobufakazi (UZL NC 3) scientific investigation, methodological investigation, technological investigation, technical investigation, empirical research based investigation (any investigation or
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study that is factual, knowledgebased, empirical; chemical, biological, medical, systematic, methodical, organized, well organized, ordered, orderly, meticulous, precise, accurate, mathematical, regulated, controlled, analytical or rational) isazelo (UZL NC 5)/ unembeza (UZL NC 1.1)/ inhliziyo (UZL NC 6) conscience, guilt, sense of right and wrong, sense of right, moral sense, still small voice, inner voice, morals, standards, values, principles, ethics, creed, moral belief system, compunction, scruples, qualms (2) Nanoma wayephika uBhekifa kodwa samuthe ne isazelo. / Though Bhekifa was denying any wrongdoing, his guilt was visible = guilt, culpability, guiltiness, blameworthiness, wrongdoing, wrong, iniquities, wrongfulness, criminality, unlawfulness, liabilities, misconduct, delinquency, sinfulness, (3) Watshengisa ukuthi isazelo usenazo nakuba izenzo zakhe zazinyantisa igazi. / He demonstrated remorsefulness, though his actions were unforgivable. = remorsefulness, contrition, deep regret, repentance, penitence, guilt, feelings of guilt, compunction, contriteness, sorrow, shame, isazi (UZL NC 5)/ inyunduluka /ingunyuluka (UZL NC 6)/ uSomulando /umulandisi / umakadebona / umugcinimafa (UZL NC 1.1) (heritage preserver)/ imbongi (UZL NC 6) the one with wisdom, knowledge, history, ancestral or knowledge; a historian; a traditional and customs narrator; a chronicler, an annalist, an archivist, recorder, biographer; historiographer; antiquarian; chronologist isaziso / isimemezelo (UZL NC 5)/umubiko (UZL NC 1.2) notice,
announcement, notification, (advance) warning, announcement, apprisal, intimation; information, news, communication, intelligence, word osa… osa… = (simile : UZL 1.1 & 1.2) Prefix osa.. In a word sentence is equivalent to English “it / S/He is like…” when sound unit ‘isa…’ is used with a noun it often denotes simile e.g osangalo. / the one like an arm. Osaqanda, UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2 like an egg… . Examples of UZL NC 1.1 include umuntu / person,; umama / mother; ubaba / father; ugwava / guava; ubhanana / banana. UZL NC 2 examples include umunwe / finger; umulomo / mouth; umuthwalo / load. Prefix sound unit ‘osa…’ is only applicable to UZL NC 1.1 and 1.2. “osa… = prefix sound unit simile of UZALO Noun Cluster 1.1 and 1.2 and their pronoun ‘yena’ for human nouns in this cluster and ‘wona’ for non-human pronouns in this cluster. e.g. Lona umuntu usankukhu. / This person is like a chicken. Or Lomuntu usankukhu. osa… as prefix can also depict the current state, condition or mood of UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2. For example; ‘ubaba osagula. / The father who became sick. Or the father who is still sick . Umuzi osawa. / The house which collapsed. osaba… (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) The one which had become… e.g. ubaba osaba isangoma. / The father who has become a clairvoyant. osabayo (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) the scared one, the frightened one, the fearful one, the intimidated one = vowel ‘o + verb or adjective with prefix sa… + suffix sound unit ‘…yo’ e.g. saba / be frightened (verb with prefix sound unit ‘sa…’, …yo = suffix sound unit .
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Osabela. (UZL NC 1.1 human nouns singular ) You must respond. ; You must react. ; You must acknowledge. ; You must give a shout. , You must indicate your presence. E.g. Wentombazane! Osabela uma ubizwa. / Hey! You girl, you must respond when called. = prefix vowel ‘o…’ + ‘verb’. No additional suffix sound unit. osakazane (UZL NC 8.1)/ imitsholwane (UZL NC 10) the biggest pockets, big packs, big packages, e.g. osakazane bempuphu. / The biggest pocket of maize meal usually above 25 kg osandanezwe / ombombayi (UZL NC 8.1) common things, common people, cheap things, easily accessible things or people, things that anyone on the street can buy, ordinary stuff, normal things, typical things, average things, the downtown stuff, unexceptional, run-of-the-mill, plain, simple things or people osawoti (UZL NC 8.1)/ amatshwayi (UZL NC 7) salts osaziwayo / omuntakabani (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicukuthwane (UZL NC 9) the celebrities, the famous people, VIPs, very important people, the personalities, the big names, the famous names, the household names, the stars, the superstars, usa… usa… as prefix can also depict the current state, condition or mood of UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2. For example; ‘Ubaba usagula. / The father is still sick. = still, usakazane (UZL NC 1.1)/ umutsholwane (UZL NC 1.2) a pocket above 5kg. (Check osakazane above)
usandanezwe / umbombayi (UZL NC 1.1) something that is so common, something that is everywhere, the one who is there to expand the nation, clan, tribe or country’s influence (check usandanezwe for more possible translations) usawoti (UZL NC 1.1)/ itshwayi (UZL NC 2) salt usaziwa / umuntakabani (UZL NC 1.1)/ isicukuthwane (UZL NC 5) the famous one, a celebrity (check osaziwayo above) sa… sa… = we: past tense e.g. Sahamba nezwe. / We left with the country. Present tense = Sihamba nezwe. / We go with the country. saba / thuka / hlasimulelwa umuzimba / iba netwetwe / qhaqhazela / bulawa ukwesaba (isenzo/ verb) be fearful, be afraid of, be fearful of, be scared of, be apprehensive of, dread, live in fear of, go in terror of, be terrified of, tremble before, cringe from, shrink from, flinch from; be anxious about, worry about, panic about, feel consternation about, have forebodings about, sabeka / thusa (isenzo/ verb) look scary, be frightening, scaring, hair-raising, terrifying, petrifying, spine-chilling, blood-curdling sabela / phendula (isenzo/ verb) answer, reply to, say something in response to, acknowledge, indicate e.g. Sabela uma ubizwa. / Respond when called. Greet, (2) Fear for e.g. Ngisabela impilo kababa wami. / I am scared for my father’s life. sabisa / thukisa / tatazelisa / qhaqhazelisa (isenzo/ verb) scare someone, frighten someone, make afraid, make fearful, make nervous (2) sabisa / thusa look scary, be scary, be frightening
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Sadla. (first person plural, remote past tense) We ate. Sadlala. (first person plural, remote past tense). We played. sahha /saha / sika (isenzo/verb cut using a saw or chain saw, cut, slice sakaza / tshela uwonkewonke (isenzo/ verb) broadcast, make public, make known, (2) report, issue a statement about, declare, state, set forth, put out, post (3) sakaza / sikaza / sabisa (isenzo/ verb) threaten, intimidate, frighten (2) sakaza / hlaphaza / hlakaza / cakaza / ngcolisa (isenzo/ verb) scatter about, strew round, throw about, litter, make untidy sala /hlala / shiywa ngemumva (isenzo/ verb) stay behind, remain behind, stay behind, stay put; wait, wait around, linger, stick, continue, be left, hold on, hang on, lodge, rest, delay, pause, stop. salela (isenzo/ verb) be left behind e.g. UThandi usalela izingane zakhe. / Thandi is left behind for her children (2) stay for salele / shiyeke (isiphawulo / adjective) left behind e.g. UThemba usalele emumva. / Themba is left behind. salisa / yekela emumva / shiya ngemumva (isenzo/ verb) leave behind …sanda (isandiso / adverb) just e.g. Kusanda kwenzeka. / It has just happened . Sisanda kufika. / We have just arrived. Ngisanda kuzwa ngalolu udaba. / I have just heard about this tale. Basanda kudla. / They (UZL NC 8.1) have just eaten. sangana / hlanya / phambanelwa ikhanda / gula ngekhanda (isenzo/ verb) be crazy, be mad, be insane, be mentally ill, be lunatic, be unbalanced, be unhinged, be unstable, be disturbed, be distracted, be manic, be frenzied, be raving, be distraught, be frantic, be hysterical, be delirious
sanganela / hlanyela / gulelangekhanda / gulela (isenzo/ verb) be mad at, be made mad sanganisa / hlanyisa / gulisa (isenzo/ verb) cause another to go mad, make another sick sanganiswa (isenzo/ verb) be driven insane, be made mad sangene / halnya / gula (isiphawulo / adjective) mad, crazy, insane, mentally-ill satshwa / sabeka / twetwezelisa (isenzo/ verb) be feared, be intimidating, be frightened, be full of terror satshiswa / twetwezeleswa / gcwelezwa (isenzo/ verb) be intimidated, be terrorised ase… Ase… (a=UZL NC 7+ location) e.g.,. Asendlini. / They are in the house. ; Asesikoleni. / They are at school. Remember, sound unit ‘ase…’only applies to UZL NC 7 nouns e.g. amantombazane / girls; amaqanda / eggs. ase… (a=UZL NC 7concord + location) Amantombazane asekhaya. / The girls are at home. (2) The girls of my home. Sound unit ‘ase…’ performs the function of locative and qualifier for UZL NC 7 nouns. Asebenza… (a=UZL NC 7 concord + verb) They work … e.g. Amantombazane asebenza elabhoretri. / The girls work in the laboratory. ese… ese… (UZL NC 5 possessive agglutinative sentence words with prefix vowel ‘i…’ Isandla esentombazane. / The hand is for the girl. Isandla / hand = UZL NC 5; intombazane / girl = UZL NC 6. Eseqanda. / It is for the egg. Isidleke eseqanda. / The nest is for the egg. Isidleke / nest = UZL NC 5; iqanda = UZL NC 2; esemizi / it is for the houses. Isicabha esemizi / The door is for the houses. Isicabha / door =
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UZL NC 5 and imizi / houses = UZL NC 10.. Ese… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one that is … e.g. ingane esemumva. / The child that is behind . ise… ise… (UZL NC 6 & 10) It / They are at … e.g. Imbongolo isemujahweni. / The donkey is at the racing marathon. Imiphakathi isephalamende. / The communities are in parliament. isebe / igatsha / iziko (UZL NC 2)/ isigceme (UZL NC 5) / umunyango (UZL NC 1.2) (isakhiwo senhlangano esingaphansi kwesinye) branch, a wing, sub-division, department, sector, field, discipline, area base isekela (UZL NC 2)/ umusekeli / umesekeli / umusizi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isibonda (UZL NC 5) deputy, vice, second in command, second, number two, subordinate, junior, auxiliary, adjutant, lieutenant, subaltern isekeni (UZL NC 5) second-hand, preowned item, used property isekisi (UZL NC 2) circus isela (UZL NC 2)/ isigebengu /isigcwelegcwele / isigelekeqe (UZL NC 5)/ utsotsi (UZL NC 1.1) a thief, robber, burglar, housebreaker, cat burglar, shoplifter, pickpocket, sneak thief, mugger, larcenist, stealer, pilferer, poacher; embezzler, swindler; criminal, villain iselesele / isele / ixoxo (UZL NC 2) frog iseli (UZL NC 6) cell, tissue (2) indlu yakwasidlodlo; iseli- elimunyama / isithangami (UZL NC 5) a prison cell, a dungeon, an oubliette, a lock-up, a prisoner room iselula / iselulafoni (UZL NC 6)/ umakhalekhukhwini (UZL NC 1.1) cellphone, cellular-phone, mobilephone isemishi (UZL NC 5) sandwich isenzakalo / isenzeko / isehlo / isigameko (UZL NC 5) occurrence, event,
incident, scene, eventuality, affair, circumstance, phenomenon, episode, adventure, experience, occasion, action, activity, development, accident, case, business, thing isenzo / isenzakaliso (UZL NC 5) action, deed, act, activity, move, gesture, undertaking, (2) verb; an action word isethi / ikhithi (UZL NC 6) set, kit, apparatus, equipment, rig, outfit, canteen; box, case. iseshi (UZL NC 6)/ ibhande (UZL NC 2) sash, belt, cummerbund, waistband, girdle isexwayiso / isixwayiso (UZL NC 5)/ ukuqwashisa (UZL NC 4)/ uqwashiso (UZL NC 3) warning, notice, alert, caution, premonition, iseva (UZL NC 6) / isithebe (UZL NC 5) a serving dish (2) iseva (iseva yekhompyutha) server (UZL NC 6) = a computer operating network box which manages access to a centralized resource or service. ose… ose… The one who is at… (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) e.g. umuzi osehlathini. / A house that is in the forest. Ubaba osemugidweni. / The father who is at the entertainment centre. usebe (UZL NC 3)/ umufantu / umunkenke / umuqhewu (UZL NC 1.2)/ isikhala (UZL NC 5) a crack, crack, fissure, cleft, crevice, break, fracture, breach, rip, tear, cut, rent, slash, slit Use… is, or has, has already = UZLNC 1.1 & 1.2 e.g. Umama usephekile. / The mother has already cooked.; Umuzi usedolobheni. / The house is in town. Umama usebenza eGoli. / The mother is working in Johannesburg. Usenzeni? (UZL NC 1.1) What has he/she done? / Usenzeni manje futhi? / What has he/she done now, again? Umuntwana usenzeni-ke manje. / What has the child done now?
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sebenza / fukuza /zikhandle / juluka (isenzo / verb) work, labour, toil, exertion, effort, slog, drudgery, the sweat of one's brow; industry; service sebenzelani …. (isenzo / verb) Work for e.g. Sebenzelani ikusasa eliqhakazile. / Work for a brighter future. sebenzela (isenzo / verb) work for sebenzisa (isenzo / verb) use; apply; utilise ; make use of; e.g. Sebenzisa ibhodwe elikhulu / Use the big pot = use, utilize, make use of, avail oneself of, employ, work, operate, wield, ply, apply, manoeuvre, manipulate, put to use, put into service, find a use for, resort to. sebenzisa kabi (isenzo / verb) misuse, misapply, misemploy. UThemba uyisebenzisa-kabi lena imfoloko. Or uThemba uyisebenzisa –kabi lemfoloko / Themba is misusing this folk. (2) sebenzisana-kabi (isenzo / verb) cause one to work awkwardly, badly, terribly, not working as a team player, sebenzisa-kahle / sebenzisisa (isenzo / verb) use properly, apply properly, employ correctly, utilize according to specifications sebenzisanani / bambisananani (isenzo / verb) work together, unite, cooperate, collaborate, sebenzisela (isenzo / verb) use it for, apply it for, utilize it for sebenziswa (isenzo / verb) be made to work by someone or something sefa / cwenga / vova (isenzo / verb) sift, sieve, strain, screen, filter, riddle, purify, refine seka / xhasa (isenzo / verb) support, endorse, put one’s weight behind; second; vote for (2) hold up; provide leaning, keep in position, keep straight sekela / xhasa (isenzo / verb) give support to, provide support to,
second, recommend (2) hold up with something, support with something, make it stable with something sekiwe / xhasiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) supported, enabled, sekwa (isenzo / verb) be supported sela / qinela / phaphela / delela (isenzo / verb) take advantage of someone, bully, torment, persecute sele / shiyeke / silele (isiphawulo / adjective) left behind e.g. UThoko usele ekhaya. / Thoko was left behind at home. seliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) woken up late, woken up after set time e.g. Ngiseliwe. / I woke up late too late. selwa (isenzo / verb) wake up late, wake up after the desired time or set time, be late. Ngaselwa. Ngaxoshwa. / I woke up late. I was fired. senga (isenzo / verb) milk, draw off, siphon, bleed, pump off, tap, drain, extract, withdraw. (2) exploit, take advantage of, cash in on, impose on, bleed, suck dry, fleece, squeeze, wring, blackmail. sengela (isenzo / verb) milk for (check senga above for more possible translations) sengile (isiphawulo / adjective) has milked (check senga above for more possible translations) sengisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to milk, cause someone to milk (check senga above for more possible translations) sengiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to milk (check senga above for more possible translations) sengwa (isenzo / verb) be milked (check senga above for more possible translations) setha / lungisa / qoqa (isenzo / verb) set, decorate, organize, arrange, put to order, adorn, beautify, setshenziswa (isenzo / verb) be used, be manipulated setshenzwa (isenzo / verb) be worked on (2) be used for something (3) be
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recruited for something, be worked on in terms of convincing you to follow or do domething, be manipulated seva / weta (isenzo / verb) serve, distribute food, serve as a waiter or waitron asi… Asi… let us e.g. Asikhuleke / Let us pray; Asivume. / Let us agree. (***Please note that when prefix sound-unit ‘asi…’ is subsequently followed by ‘…nga…’, it is in negation e.g. Asingavumi. / Let us not agree.; Asingabuzi. / Let us not question. ***It is also important to remember that when a verb has suffix vowel ‘i’ and features prefix ‘a’ and ‘infix’ ‘…nga…’ it is always in negation. Asi… prefix sound-unit ‘a…’ + ‘si…’ = negation such as (i)we are not …(ii) we cannot … (iii) we do not … e.g. Asibaboni. = We cannot see them.; Asibabonanga. We did not see them. (them = UZL NC 8.1).; Asibali. / We are not counting. ; Asibahle. We are not beautiful. ; Asibazi. We don’t know them. (them = UZL NC 9); Asiboni. We can’t see.. ; Asibonwa. We can’t be seen. ; Asilutho. We are nothing.; Asinalutho. We have nothing.; Asinakho. We don’t have it.; Asinazo. We don’t have them.; Asikho. - We are not in. Asi… prefix sound-unit ‘a…’ + ‘si…’ + verb with suffix vowel ‘e…’, positive = Let us … e.g. Asihambe. / Let us go. ; Asihlale. / Let us stay; Asidle. Let us eat. Asithule. / Let us be quiet. Asibale. / We must count. esi… esi… (UZL NC 5) = The one that is … e.g. isitsha esihle / a dish that is beautiful; a beautiful dish; a beautiful bowl, cup, saucer, plate, spoon etc.;
esibabayo / the chillie hot one., the bitter one.; esibalweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the sum or number esibanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the light esibanzi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a broad one; esibayeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / from / at the kraal esibi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a ugly one esibhakabhakeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the sky esidala (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a old one, the rotten one, the / a mature one, the experienced one eside the / a tall one, the / a long one, the / a lengthy one esifubeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the chest esifundweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the lesson esihle (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a beautiful one esikhaleni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the space, gap, crack (a) ukuthushuka esikhaleni = to appear from nowehere esikhathini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / from the time (a) ukuba esikhathini = to be having or in menstrual period, to menstruate esikhulu (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a big one, the / a massive one, the / a large one esincane (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a small one; the / a tiny one isibabazo (UZL NC 5) exclamation isibaca (UZL NC 5)/ ithafa (UZL NC 2) something flat, a flat thing, level, horizontal, leveled; smooth, even, isibalelo / isibali (UZL NC 5)/ ikhalikhuletha (UZL NC 6) calculator, a measurement, a ruler, a tape measure, isibalo (UZL NC 5)/ ukuhlanganisa (UZL NC 4)/ inani (UZL NC 2) sum, number, amount, quantity, volume,
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arithmetical problem, problem, calculation, reckoning, tally isibalulo / isichasiso (UZL NC 5)/ umuniningwane (UZL NC 1.2) description; detail; explanation; detailed account; qualification (2) adjective isibambo (UZL NC 5)/ inkibe (UZL NC 6) handle, knob; haft, shank, stock, shaft, grip, handgrip, hilt isibani (UZL NC 5)/ ilambu (UZL NC 2)/ isikhanyiso (UZL NC 5)/ ithoshi (UZL NC 2) light, lighter, lamp, torch, flashlight, headlight, headlamp, sidelight, standard lamp, wall light; street light, flicker, floodlight; lantern, candle, taper, beacon. isibangathi / isifaniso (UZL NC 5) simile, similitude, likeliness isibangeli (UZL NC 5)/ umusuka / imbangela / okudale / isizathu (UZL NC 5) cause, causal factor; reason, grounds, justification, isibangiso (UZL NC 5)/ eliphikisayo (UZL NC 5) opposite, antonym, contrast, conflicting, isibankwa / isigcililishane (UZL NC 5) lizard isibaya (UZL NC 5) kraal isibaxa / isixembe (UZL NC 5) something broad, wide, large, big. isibazi (UZL NC 5)/ ishandu (UZL NC 2) mark, blemish, disfigurement, crack isibebebe (UZL NC 5)/ umulomomanzi (UZL NC 1.2) talkative, chatty person isibele (UZL NC 5) a man’s breast (2) isibele (UZL NC 5) / ububele = an act of kindness, compassion, tenderheartedness, goodwill,, affection, care, warmth, gentleness, tenderness, concern, isibeletho (UZL NC 5) / inzalo (UZL NC 6) ovary, reproductive organ isibibithwane / isilokozane (UZL NC 5) successive breath taking after crying for long, continual crying, residual crying, sorrowful state after the release of tension
isibiko / isethulo (UZL NC 5) presentation , submission, proffering, offering, tender, tendering, advancing, proposal, propounding, suggestion (2) admission of guilt by in-laws., admission of liability by in-laws from the groom’s side alternatively a list of gifts from the bride’s family members during the lobola negotiations or admission of paternal responsibility and liability. The bride’s family must accept clemency and in return will call for isibizo which is a compensation for the ‘damages. isibili (UZL NC 5) / impindakabili / impinda (UZL NC 6) second, twice, next, following, after the first, subsequent, ensuing, succeeding, repetition isibiliso / isikhukhumalisi (UZL NC 5) / iyisti (UZL NC 6) yeast, fermentation substance isibindi (UZL NC 5) / ubuqhawe (UZL NC 8.2) bravery, courage, courageousness, pluck, pluckiness, braveness, fearlessness, intrepidity, intrepidness, nerve, daring, audacity, boldness (2) isibindi (UZL NC 5) liver isibingelelo (UZL NC 5) greeting, hello, salute, salutation, address, welcome, hailing; nod, wave, acknowledgement isibizo (UZL NC 5) calling (2) a fine or compensation from the bride’s side. Remember, there is isibomu (UZL NC 5)/ ubudedengu (UZL NC 8.2) / inhloso (UZL NC 6) / amabomu (UZL NC 7) deliberate deed, intention , calculated action, conscious act isibomvu (UZL NC 5) red mud, red soil isibonelo / isifaniso / isibonisi (UZL NC 5)/ umufanekiso / umuzekelo (UZL NC 1.2) / okutshengisayo (UZL NC 4) / isifundo (UZL NC 5) example, specimen, sample, (2) ideal thing; precedence, lead, guide, model, pattern, blueprint, template, paradigm,
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standard; parallel case; role model. (3) warning, caution, lesson, deterrent, admonition; sign, signal message, moral. isiboniso (UZL NC 5)/ iphupho (UZL NC 2) / inkanyiso (UZL NC 6) revelation, sight, dream, daydream, reverie, mental picture, conceptualization; plans, hopes; fantasy, fancy, flight of fancy, fanciful notion, pipe dream, delusion, figment of the imagination, prospect (2) apparition, spectre, phantom, hallucination, ghost, wraith, shadow, manifestation, chimera, illusion, mirage, image; imagination isibonda / isigxobo (UZL NC 5)/ ugodo(UZL NC 3) pole, post, pillar isibongelo (UZL NC 5)/ indumiso (UZL NC 6) / utuso (UZL NC 3 ) / uhayo (UZL NC 3) / inkondlo (UZL NC 6) praise, honour, thanks, glory, glorification, worship, devotion, exaltation, adoration, poem; veneration, reverence, tribute isibongo / isithakazelo (UZL NC 5)/ imvelaphi (UZL NC 6) surname, family name, last name, patronymic, lineage, family genealogy, praise name, family identity, isibopho / isifungo / isibophezelo (UZL NC 5) oath, commitment, vow, sworn statement, promise, pledge, avowal, affirmation, attestation, word of honour, word, bond, guarantee, guaranty; (2) contract, agreement, commitment, arrangement, settlement, undertaking, understanding, compact, covenant, pact, bond; deal, bargain; treaty, concordat, convention, entente (3) commitment, responsibility, obligation, duty, tie, charge, liability, burden, pressure; undertaking, task, engagement, arrangement (4) marriage vows isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ intambo (UZL NC 6) / ifindo (UZL NC 2) / indophu (UZL NC 6) / umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2) rope, string, knot
isibozi / isihlava (UZL NC 5)/ ukukhunta / ukubola (UZL NC 4) rot, rotten something, decay, decomposition; corrosion; mould, mildew, blight, canker; putrefaction, putrescence; wet rot, dry rot. isibubulo / isiqubulo / isaga (UZL NC 5)/ uhayo / uhasha (UZL NC 3) / itoyitoyi (UZL NC 6) a slogan, catchphrase, catchline, catchword, jingle, saying, legend; motto, mantra, isibukeli (UZL NC 5) / umubukeli (UZL NC 1.2) / isithameli / isethameli (UZL NC 5) spectator, witness; viewer; on looker, eyewitness, bystander, nonparticipant, sightseer; commentator, reporter, monitor isibuko / isipili (UZL NC 5) mirror, looking glass, reflector, reflection, reflector surface, replica, copy, selfimage isibulalambiza (UZL NC 5) a destructive person, an unruly person, an ill discipline person, a delinquent, a devious person isibulalamagciwane / isibulalagciwane (UZL NC 5) product designed for killing bacteria isibulalazinambuzane / isibulalanambuzane (UZL NC 5) insect repellant / repellent, insect doom, doom, product for killing insects isibumbu (UZL NC 5)/ ingquthu / inkomozi / inkomo (UZL NC 6)/ umusunu (UZL NC 1.2) the whole component that houses a woman’s vagina isibungu (UZL NC 5)/umubungu (UZL NC 1.2)/ unompeshwana (UZL NC 5)/ impethu (UZL NC 6)/ isihlava (UZL NC 5) / unoshobishobi / unompeshwana (UZL NC 1.1) worm isibutubutu (UZL NC 5) plump person, loveable person isibhabhabha / isithingithingi / isibhanxa / isiphukuphuku (UZL NC 5)/ usebentina (UZL NC 1.1)/
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isidawudawu / isilima (UZL NC 5) fool, idiot, stupid person isibhadu (UZL NC 5)/ ishande / ibala (UZL NC 2) spot, stain, mark, spot, spatter, splatter, blotch, dot, dirt isibhakabhaka (UZL NC 5) sky isibhakela (UZL NC 5)/ inqindi (UZL NC 6) fist, clenched hand isibhamu (UZL NC 5)/ ivolovolo /iphistili (UZL NC 2)/ inganono (UZL NC 6)/ umbayimbayi (UZL NC 1.1) pistol, revolver, gun, handgun, side arm, sixshooter, thirty-eight, derringer,; isibhaxu (UZL NC 5)/ induku (UZL NC 6)/ uswazi (UZL NC 3)/ isigwebo (UZL NC 5)/ imvubu (UZL NC 6) beating, battering, thrashing, thumping, pounding, drubbing, punishment isibhebhe (UZL NC 5)/ ibhilibhodi (UZL NC 6) billboard, placard isibhedi (UZL NC 5) joker, humorist, comedian, comedienne, comic, funny man/woman, wag, wit, jester; prankster, practical joker, hoaxer, trickster, clown; isibhedlela (UZL NC 5)/ umutholampilo / umuthombompilo (UZL NC 1.2) hospital; healthcare facility isibhobo (UZL NC 5)/ ihlaba (UZL NC 2)/ ubuhlungu (UZL NC 8.2) sharp pain, ache, aching, soreness, hurt, throb isibhocobhoco (UZL NC 5)/ ukukhathala (UZL NC 4)/ (ukushona komoya phansi ) / ubumvithi (UZL NC 8.2) / isicobecobe (UZL NC 5) tiredness, mild depression, melancholy, misery, sadness isibhono (UZL NC 5)/ inkaba (UZL NC 6) protruding belly -button, bellybutton, navel, umbilicus isibhongo (UZL NC 5)/ ukuziphindiselela (UZL NC 4) revenge, vengeance, retribution, retaliation, reprisal, requital, recrimination, malice,
isibhozo / isishiyagalombili (UZL NC 5)/ u-eyithi (UZL NC 1.1) eight, 8th, number 8, 8 isibhubhubhu / isishingishane (UZL NC 5) haste, flurry, hurry, bustle, confusion, commotion, turmoil; rush, race, scramble, scurry, speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness; isiBhunu (UZL NC 5)/ i-Afrikansi (UZL NC 6) Afrikaans language isicaba (UZL NC 5)/ ukundlalekile / ukunaba (UZL NC 4) / ubucaba (UZL NC 8.2) level, horizontal, smooth, even isicabucabu (UZL NC 5)/ ulwembu (UZL NC 3) spider isicabha (UZL NC 5)/ umunyango (UZL NC 1.2)/ ucango (UZL NC 3)/ isivalo (UZL NC 5) door, doorway, portal, opening, hatch, entrance, entry, exit, egress isicacisisi / isicolisisi (UZL NC 5) brightner, anything to shine or give an extra shine on something isicaciso / isichachiso (UZL NC 5)/ umuniningwane (UZL NC 1.2)/ imininingwane (UZL NC 10) description, account, explanation, elucidation, illustration, representation isicathamiya (UZL NC 5)/ ucothoza (UZL NC 1.1) a choral music with no instruments coupled with slow movements; the famous group of this music genre called the Ladysmith Black Mambazo, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2) isicathamiya (UZL NC 5)/ uzingelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuzingela (UZL NC 4) hunting isicathulo / isihlangu (UZL NC 5)/ imbadada (UZL NC 6) shoe isicebi / isigwili (UZL NC 5)/ uSozimali (UZL NC 1.1) a rich person, a wealthy person, an affluent person, a moneyed person, well off-person, isicefe / isidina / isichitho / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) annoyance, irritation, disgust, exasperation, vexation, indignation, anger
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isiceke (UZL NC 5)/ uhafu (UZL NC 5)/ ukungagcwali (UZL NC 4) fifty per cent of, bisection of; half isicelo (UZL NC 5) request; application; plea; (2) appeal; plea bargain (3) prayer, invocation isicephu (UZL NC 5) a small straw mat isici / isidalo / isilonda / isibazi (UZL NC 5)/ iphutha (UZL NC 2)/ umukhangu (UZL NC 1.2) imperfection, defect, fault, flaw, deformity isiciko/ isivalo / isembozo / isivimbi (UZL NC 5) lid, cover, top, cap, covering; cork, stopper, bung, plug isicoco (UZL NC 5)/ indondo (UZL NC 6)/ umuklomelo / umuvuzo (UZL NC 1.2) a medal, an award, a reward, a symbol of recognition, a laurel, wreath, isicucu (UZL NC 5) a small piece, tiny piece, a crumb, fragment, bit, partcicle, shred isicuku / isicukwane (UZL NC 5)/ umudokwe (UZL NC 1.2) sour porridge isicukuthwane / isitatanyiswa / isiphakanyiswa (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlonishwa / umuntakabani (UZL NC 1.1) Very Important Person (VIP), Very Very Important Person (VVIP), a dignitary, luminary; guest of honour isichelo / isifafazi (UZL NC 5) (igula lokuchelela) / (ipayipi lokuchelela) irrigation pipe, irrigation vessel, irrigation canister, water pipe isichenene (UZL NC 5)/ (isifo sokuchama igazi) bilharzia isichitho / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) a form of bewitchment that leads to one being disliked, hated by others for no apparent or obvious reason; being unlikable; being hated isichizi (UZL NC 5)/ uchwensa (UZL NC 1.1) / umazithwale / umazikhukhumeza (UZL NC 1.1) (umuntu ozitshelayop, umuntu ozikhukhumezazo, umuntu oziphakamisayo) an arrogant person, a haughty person
isicholo / isigqoko (UZL NC 5)/ umuhele / umuqhele / umushuqulo (UZL NC 1.2) a tuft, a crown, a decoration on one’s head, a hat, a clump isichwepheshisi / isipopolo (UZL NC 5) scientific tool or technique, a scientific measurement tool, a statoscope isichwensi / isideleli / isigangi (UZL NC 5) a bully, a rude person, persecutor, oppressor, tyrant isicwagcwisi (UZL NC 5)/ ucwangciso / isivimbelinzalo (UZL NC 5) family control, pregnancy prevention mechanisms, birth control, pregnancy prevention, sexual disease protection, isicwebisi / isicwengimanzi/ isicwengi / isihlanzimanzi (UZL NC 5) water purifier, chlorine, HTH isicwengiso / isisefo (UZL NC 5) a sifter, a sieve, a tool used for purification, strainer, sifter, filter, colander, riddle, screen, muslin cloth, barracuda isicwicwicwi / isifundiswa / isaziwa (UZL NC 5) the elite, elitist, the ‘civilised’, the educated, the ‘knowledgeable’, aristocracy, nobility, gentry, upper class, privileged class, first class, establishment; high society isidakwa (UZL NC 5) alcoholic, drunkard, an alcoholic, dipsomaniac, heavy drinker isidakwamizwa (UZL NC 5) addiction, drug, dependency, dependence, craving, habit, weakness, (2) sedation isidala (UZL NC 5)/ umulando (UZL NC 1.2)/ esezabuna (UZL NC 9)/ ezaphambilini (UZL NC 9) the past, history, former times, ancient time, historical events, days of old, the old days, the good old days, time gone by, bygone days, yesterday, antiquity, days of yore, the olden days, yesteryear
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isidalwa (UZL NC 5) creation, disabled person, crippled person, physically challenged person isidambisi / isithobisi (UZL NC 5)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) something to treat symptoms, something to reduce swelling, something used to cool something down, pills, medication, rubbing stuff, pain killers isidawudawu / isiduphunga / isiphungumangathi / isiphukuphuku / isilima (UZL NC 5) a reckless person, irrational person, rash, careless, thoughtless, incautious, heedless isidenge / isidaphungana / isinoko (UZL NC 5)/ indaxa / indilikixi (UZL NC 6) very slow person, lazy person, sluggish, isidididi / isixakaxaka (UZL NC 5)/ inyovanyova (UZL NC 6) confusion, uncertainty, lack of certainty, hesitation, hesitancy, (2) bewilderment, bafflement, perplexity, puzzlement, mystification (3) disorder, disarray, disorganization, disorderliness, untidiness, chaos, mayhem, bedlam, pandemonium,(4) jumble, muddle, mess, heap, tangle, entanglement, tumble, welter, litter, shambles (5) isidididi (UZL NC 5)/ uzamuthilili (UZL NC 1.1)/ isithithithi / isithingithingi (UZL NC 5) a confused person, senile person, disoriented person isidikadika (UZL NC 5)/ imbadlambadla / inkanankana / inkunzimalanga (UZL NC 6)/ (okukhulu kakhulu) a very big piece of something, (2) a big, great, huge, of considerable size, sizeable, substantial, immense, enormous, colossal or massive object or something isidima / isimilo (UZL NC 5)/ ubuqotho (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuzihlonipha (UZL NC 4) integrity, dignity, honesty,
uprightness, probity, rectitude, honour, isidina / isicefe (UZL NC 5)/ uhlupho (UZL NC 3) / ukunyanyisa (UZL NC 4) irritation, disgust, boring, annoyance, infuriation, exasperation, vexation, indignation, impatience, crossness, displeasure isidindi / isidomu / isilima (UZL NC 5) / ungqimungqimu (UZL NC 1.1) derogatory word for a dum person, slow learner (2) dunderhead, slow person, good for nothing, dull, sluggish person (2) isidindi (UZL NC 5) grass-root isidingo (UZL NC 5) the need, necessity, requirement isidomu / isidadada / isidindi (UZL NC 5) stupid, foolish, silly, unintelligent, idiotic, brainless, mindless person isidoda (UZL NC 5)/ ubudoda (UZL NC 8.2) masculinity; manhood; the state of being a man (2) sperm isidudla (UZL NC 5)/ umafutha (UZL NC 1.1)/ imbadlambadla (UZL NC 6) a fat person, plump, stout, overweight, heavy, large, solid, chubby, obese, corpulent isiduko / isithakazelo / isibongelo (UZL NC 5) praise name, oral history of a clan, family history, isidumo / isihebhuhebhu / isigubhukane (UZL NC 5)/ ubuhebhuhebhu (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuphuthuma / ukushesha/ ukujaheka (UZL NC 4) (okumele kwenzeke manjemanje) urgency, importance, top priority, imperativeness, weight, weightiness, gravity, necessity, haste; exigency, seriousness, momentousness isidumbu (UZL NC 5)/ umufi (UZL NC 1.1)/ umuzimba (UZL NC 1.2) dead body, corpse, a deceased person, a dead man, a dead woman, a dead child isifaca (UZL NC 5) a dimple, an indentation, concavity, depression, hollow, cleft, dent, dint, dip, pit.
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isifazane / isimame (UZL NC 5)/ inina (UZL NC 2) female, female folk, females, women, ladies, girls, old women, isifebe / isimukanandwendwe (UZL NC 5)/ unondidwa / unonkiloyi (UZL NC 1.1) whore, a woman cheater, a woman who sleeps around, a prostitute, a sex worker, isifezekisi / isifezisi / isincedisi / isiqhamezo (UZL NC 5) / insiza (UZL NC 6)/ ithuluzi (UZL NC 2) enabler, equipment, gear, rig, tackle, gadgetry, paraphernalia; appliance, apparatus, instrument, tool, utensil, machine, mechanism, device, contraption; hardware, plant, machinery isifezo / isiqhamo (UZL NC 5)/ impumelelo (UZL NC 6) / umuphumele / umuvuzo (UZL NC 1.2) achievement, attainment, gain isifiki / isihambi / isivakashi / isihambeli (UZL NC 5)/ umudabukimazweni / umungcebeleki (UZL NC 1.1) foreigner, alien, non-native, immigrant, settler, newcomer, stranger, outsider, visitor, tourist isifiso (UZL NC 5)/ ulangazelelo /ulangazo (UZL NC 3)/ iphupho (UZL NC 2)/ intshisekelo (UZL NC 6)/ umubono (UZL NC 1.2) a wish, a desire, a want, longing, hope, yearning, inclination, urge, whim, craving, hunger, thirst, lust; aspiration, aim, ambition, dream, a vision isifithifithi (UZL NC 5) something blurry isifo (UZL NC 5)/ umukhuhlane (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukufa (UZL NC 4)/ igciwane (UZL NC 2) illness, sickness, ill health; infection, ailment, malady, disorder, complaint, affliction, disease, sexually transmitted disease, medical condition,. (2) death, demise; bereavement isifothathelana / isithathelanisi (UZL NC 5) (isifo esithathelanayo) (contagious disease
isifuba (UZL NC 5) chest (i) ukuba nesifuba literal translation to have a chest = ability and capacity to keep secrets (ii) ukungabi nasifuba literal translation to have no chest = inability to keep secrets (iii) ukukhahlelwa ihhashi esifubeni literal translation to have been kicked by a horse in the chest area = to be completely unable to keep secrets (iv) ukushiswa isifuba literal translation to have a burning sensation in the chest area = to have a burning desire to share information one is not supposed to (2) isifuba (UZL NC 5)/ ufuba tuberculorsis (3) isifuba / isifubamoya (UZL NC 5)/ iphika (UZL NC 2) asthma isifucu (UZL NC 5)/ umuthamu / umuthanyana (UZL NC 1.2)/ inyanda (UZL NC 6) bundle, bunch, roll, clump, wad, parcel, packet, package, pack, sheaf, bale, bolt, truss, faggot, fascicle; pile, stack, heap, mass, quantity, armful, collection, accumulation, agglomeration, lot, batch isifuduli / isiphakamisi / isiqubuli (UZL NC 5) lifter, shaft, air-lifter isifudumezi (UZL NC 5) warmer, warm air, microwave, heater, heating isifudumezo (UZL NC 5) whatever has been warmed up isifuduselo / isidikiselo / isivalo (UZL NC 5) lid, cover, cork, stopper, plug isifunda (UZL NC 5) region, a regional jurisdiction, a district, a district jurisdiction, district municipality isifundazwe(UZL NC 5) a province, a state, isifundeli (UZL NC 5) student isifundiswa (UZL NC 5) an educated person, intellectual, learned person isifundo (UZL NC 5) a lesson, class, session, seminar, tutorial, lecture, period; period of instruction, period of teaching, period of coaching,
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period of tutoring, period of schooling isifungo / isibophezelo / isibopho (UZL NC 5) an oath, a vow, a sworn statement, a promise, a pledge, avowal, an affirmation, attestation, guarantee, a guaranty; surety isifuthefuthe (UZL NC 5)/ ukushisa (UZL NC 4) high temperature, heat, hot, hotness, warmth, warmness, high temperature, fever, feverishness, warm air isifutho (UZL NC 5) / iphampu (UZL NC 6) pump isigadla (UZL NC 5) old pick-up van isigaba / isihloko / isahluko (UZL NC 5) section, topic, chapter, subsection isigamu / isifucwana (UZL NC 5) / ingxenye / ingxenyana (UZL NC 6) / umuthanyana (UZL NC 1.2) segment, piece, part, bit, section, chunk, division, portion, slice, fragment, component, wedge, lump, slab, hunk, parcel, tranche (2) isigamu / isiga / isiqephu (UZL NC 5) / iqhezu (UZL NC 2) / ingxenye (UZL NC 6) subdivision, division, fraction, part, portion, section, constituent, element, unit, module, ingredient, slice, department, compartment, sector; branch, wing isigangi / isichwensi (UZL NC 5)/ uchwensa / umagangane (UZL NC 1.1) naughty person, badly behaved, disobedient, delinquent, (2) funny person isigayigayi (UZL NC 5) enthusiast, fan, fanatic, devotee, aficionado, addict, lover, admirer, supporter, follower isigaxa (UZL NC 5) lump, chunk, whole, entirety, totality isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) negative aura, bad luck isigebengu / isigilamukhuba / isigelekeqe / iselelesi (UZL NC 5) / utsotsi (UZL NC 1.1) / isela (UZL NC 2) a thief, a petty criminal, a thug, a gangster, bully, bandit, mugger,
isigelekeqe (UZL NC 5) / unongoloza / umudlwenguli / umubulali / umugulukudu / umusocongi (UZL NC 1.1) / inkabi (UZL NC 6) seasoned criminal, a murderer, killer, liquidator, terminator, slaughterer; a rapist, a serial killer, an assassin isigemegeme / isenzeko / isehlo (UZL NC 5) / umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2) major happening, a massive accident isigijimi / isithunywa (UZL NC 5) / umuphathiswa (UZL NC 1.1) a messenger, message-bearer, message-carrier, postman, courier isigilamkhuba /isigcwelegcwele / isigangi (UZL NC 5)/ ukleva (UZL NC 1.1) an evil or immoral person, unethical, bad, morally wrong, wrongful, wicked, evil, unprincipled, unscrupulous, dishonourable, dishonest, person isigodi (UZL NC 5) area, zone, sub-region isigodlo (UZL NC 5)/ ikomukhulu (UZL NC 2) (emakhosini, ebukhosini) a traditional sacred place, a traditional court, a royal household, a traditional assembly isigoga / isishosha / isidalwa / isingqekle (UZL NC 5)/ impumputhe (UZL NC 6) blind person isigonagona / isigonogono (UZL NC 5) ear wax (2) isigonagona / isigonogono (UZL NC 5)/ inamfunamfu / inxathunxathu (UZL NC 6) wax isigubhu / isipakupaku (UZL NC 5) a drum, at least bigger than 16 litres container, a canister, barrel, cylinder, tank, bin, can; container, receptacle, holder, vessel, repository isigubhukani / isigubhukane / isigwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 5)/ amahebhuhebhu (UZL NC 7) / ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2) / ukuphazama-kweso (UZL NC 4) unexpectedness, unforeseen phenomenon or development, suddenness, (at a wink of an eye), swiftness, unanticipated occurence,
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unlooked-for happening, anything that happens without warning, without notice, immediately, instantaneous, instantly, precipitous, abruptly, rapidly or swiftly isiguli (UZL NC 5)/umuntongaphilile / umuntobuthakathaka (UZL NC 1.1) a patient, a sick person, an indisposed person, an ill person, an unwell person isigulo / isifo (UZL NC 5)/ ubuthaka / ubuthakathaka / ubuntekenteke (UZL NC 8.2) illness, a medical condition, sickness, ill health, infection, ailment, weakness isigungu (UZL NC 5)/ ibuthwa (UZL NC 2) / isakhiwo (UZL NC 5)/ uhlaka (UZL NC 3) a council, a delegated structure, a commission, a committee, a body, an authority, board, board of directors, committee, commission, assembly, panel, trustees, delegates, isiguqa / isikhweqe (UZL NC 5) hefty person, sturdy, fit person isiguqo (UZL NC 5)/ umuthandazo / umukhuleko (UZL NC 1.2) prayer; invocation, intercession, devotion, orison, appeal, plea, entreaty, petition, solicitation, supplication, request, suit, invocation isigcaki (UZL NC 5) warm place, open space with no shade, a place with sun, a basking place, a place with full exposure to the sun isigcawu (UZL NC 5)/ inkundla (UZL NC 6) pitch, playing field, field, ground, sports field; stadium, arena (2) a meeting place, assembly, gathering, meeting, congregation, convention, rally, convocation, congress, council, synod, audience, isigcawunkantolo (isigcawu-senkantolo) (UZL NC 5) a place where cases are heard, court, tribal court, isigcawu (UZL NC 5)/ isigcawuntethomacala / isigcawuqulamacala (UZL NC 5) / inkanto (UZL NC 5) (isigcawu sokuthetha amacala, isigcawu
sokuqulwa kwamacala) (UZL NC 5) magistrate court isigcawumuthethosisekelo (UZL NC 5) (isigcawu senkantontolo yokuqulwa kwamacala aqondene nomuthethosisekelo) = constitutional court isigceme (UZL NC 5)/ ingxenye (UZL NC 6) portion, part, piece, bit, section, chunk, segment, slice, fragment; wedge, lump, slab, hunk, parcel, tranche (2) isigceme / isigcawu (UZL NC 5) a demarcated place, an assembly point, sub-division isigcilikisha / isibankwa (UZL NC 5) lizard isigcinimafa (UZL NC 5) master of the court (2) heritage site, museum, historical site isigcino (UZL NC 5)/ikugcina / isiphelo (UZL NC 5) (ekugcineni, kwamuphelandaba) (UZL NC 5) final, last, closing, concluding, finishing, ending, terminating, culminating, ultimate, isigcizelelo / isigcizelelisi (UZL NC 5) point of emphasis, emphasis, prominence, importance, significance; stress, weight, attention, priority, urgency, force, isigcobo / isithambisi (UZL NC 5) moisturizer isigcoyi (UZL NC 5)/ ingxenye (UZL NC 6) portion, part (2) hunk, parcel, tranche (3) share, slice, quota, part, bit, percentage, amount, quantity, ration, piece, fraction, division, subdivision, allocation, isigcozi / isikigi (UZL NC 5)/ ushembe (UZL NC 1.1) a bowel champer, a bowel or urine container isigcwagcwa / isidina (UZL NC 5)/ ukungafunwa (UZL NC 4) dislike, aversion, distaste, disfavour, disapproval, disapprobation, disesteem, isigcwaliso / isiqiniseko (UZL NC 5) assurance, word of honour,
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guarantee, promise, pledge, vow, avowal, oath, bond, affirmation, undertaking, commitment, troth, parole (2) certainty, guarantee, sureness, certitude (2) isigcwelegcwele / isigebengu (UZL NC 5)/ utsotsi (UZL NC 1.1) criminal, thief, dishonest person isigqebhe (UZL NC 5) mini-skirt, short skirt isigqebhezane (UZL NC 5) (check isigqebhe above) isigqekle (UZL NC 5)/ umukhubazeki (UZL NC 1.1) disabled person, a person with impaired mobility isigqi (UZL NC 5) foot-step sound (2) weight , stature; gravitas; authority; presence isigqibo (UZL NC 5)/ ujuqu / isinqumojuqu (UZL NC 5) (isinqumo esiwujuqu) final decision, final score, final analysis, final word, final version, final outcome, termination, terminal, culmination isigqiki / isihlalo / isitulo (UZL NC 5) chair isigqila / isimbamugodi (UZL NC 5) a slave, bondsman, bondswoman, bondservant, bondslave, serf, vassal, thrall, helot, odalisque, blackbird, hierodule isigwili / isicebi (UZL NC 5)/ inkinsela (UZL NC 6) a rich person, a wealthy person (check isicebi) isigwinyamadoda / isimomondiya (UZL NC 5) an attractive sexy woman isigwiqiqi (UZL NC 5) somersaulting, unexpectedness, something done in a surprise, unforeseen, unanticipated, unlooked-for isigxobo (UZL NC 5)/ ugodo (UZL NC 3) / insika (UZL NC 6) a pole, a pillar, column, post, pole, support, upright, vertical, isihambi / isivakashi (UZL NC 5)/ udwendwe (UZL NC 3) a traveller, a visitor, a tourist, holidaymaker
isihawu (UZL NC 5) / ubunene (UZL NC 8.2) / umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2) / ushwele (UZL NC 1.1) / ukudabuka (UZL NC 4) mercy, leniency, lenience, clemency, compassion, grace, pity, forgiveness, forbearance isihe / isihawu / isihle (UZL NC 5)/ uzwelo (UZL NC 3) warm-heartedness, tender-heartedness, softheartedness, kindness, benevolence; compassion isihibe / isithiyo / isikhubekiso / isibambezelisi (UZL NC 5)/ ingqinamba / inkathazo (UZL NC 6) impediment, obstacle, barrier, bar, obstruction, handicap, block, isihogo (UZL NC 5)/ ikwaSathane (UZL NC 2) hell, the abyss; the abode of the damned, eternal damnation, eternal punishment, perdition isihlabani / isiphumeleli (UZL NC 5)/ umpumelelo / unompumelelo / unhlanhleni (UZL NC 1.1) / ingwazi (UZL NC 6) an achiever, performer, high achiever, succeeder, entrepreneur isihlahla (UZL NC 5)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) tree isihlakani / isihlakaniphi / isidabulane / isikwebhisi (UZL NC 5)/ ungqeqhe / ungqeqe (UZL NC 1.1) the clever one, the one with wisdom, the intelligent one, gifted, talented, virtuoso, genius, accomplished isihlalo/ isitulo / isigqiki (UZL NC 5) a seat, a position, (2) a chair isihlama (UZL NC 5) residue of one’s faeces isihlambezo / isiwasho (UZL NC 5) holy water, traditional medicine or holy water often taken by pregnant women isihlanu (UZL NC 5) a fifty cent, five, fifth, 5th, 5 isihlangabezo (UZL NC 5)/ umuphafa (UZL NC 1.2) / ihlahlamulahlankosi (UZL NC 2) (ihlahla lomulahlankosi) a branch of a tree used to bring back the spirit of dead person who may
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have died in hospital or anywhere outside his/her home, carissa ardunia (2) anything moving towards the oncoming direction isihlanganisi / isixhumanisi (UZL NC 5) connecting piece; connector isihlanganiso / isixhumo (UZL NC 5) conjunction isihlangu (UZL NC 5)/ ihawu (UZL NC 2) shield, a protector, guard, defense, cover, screen, shade, safety, security, shelter, safeguard, support, bulwark, protector(2) isihlangu / isicathulo (UZL NC 5) shoe isihlanguli (UZL NC 5) extractor, sifter, excavator isihlanhla (UZL NC 5)/ imbibizane (UZL NC 6) back of the hand (2) isihlanhla / isikhathi (UZL NC 5) time, occasion, episode isihlathi (UZL NC 5) cheek isihlava (UZL NC 5) concentrated rot, rot, decay, decomposition isihlaza (UZL NC 5)/ uhlaza (UZL NC 3) / ixhaphozi (UZL NC 2) greenery, vegetation, grassland, wetland isihle/ isihe (UZL NC 5)/ uzwelo (UZL NC 3) (check isihe above) isihlekehleke / isihlikihliki / umusantusantu (UZL NC 1.2) disorderliness, disorganization ( spread-out isihlengiso (UZL NC 5)/ insiza (UZL NC (UZL NC 6) aid e.g. teaching aid; study aid isihlephu /isihlephukane / isihlibhi (UZL NC 5)/ uhlahlavu (UZL NC 3) a person whose face is deformed or defaced as a result of self inflicted habits such as drugs, alcohol abuse, plastic surgery isihlibhi / isikebhe (UZL NC 5) a boat, a skateboard isihlikihliki (UZL NC 5)/ ihlokohloko (UZL NC 2) / ubunaphunaphu (UZL NC 8.2)/ amanaphanapha (UZL NC 7) mess, disordeliness, unmethodicalness, disorganization, untidiness (2)
disarray, chaos, confusion; clutter, jumble, muddle, mess, shambles isihlilingi (UZL NC 5) catapult, sling isihliphi / isihlephu (UZL NC 5) (check isihlephu above) isihlobo (UZL NC 5)/ ugazi /ukanina / ukayise (UZL NC 1.1) blood relative, next of kin, flesh and blood; relative from mother’s side; relative from father’s side isihlobongi / isindindwa (UZL NC 5) / umahambelala (UZL NC 1.1) promiscuous person, licentious, sexually indiscriminate, immoral, unchaste, debauched, dissolute isihlohlolozi (UZL NC 5) an abusive, insulting, rude, vulgar, offensive, disparaging, belittling, derogatory, disrespectful person isihloko / isahluko / isigaba (UZL NC 5) topic, title, heading isihlokwana / isahlukwana / isigatshana (UZL NC 5) sub-topic; subheading; sub-title isihlongozi (UZL NC 5)/ ususimpi / umususidweshu (UZL NC 1.1) an instigator, contriver, mastermind, originator, inciter, agitator, fomenter, troublemaker, agent provocateur, gang ringleader isihlongozo / isiphakamiso / isincomo (UZL NC 5) / umubono (UZL NC 1.2) / (uhlelo oluthembiswayo, uhlelo oluphakanyswanyo) proposition; presentation; submission; proposal; approach,;suggestion, overture, draft, recommendation, tender, terms; proffer, bid (2) a manifesto, a plan, a scheme, a motion, a promise isihlukaniso / isahlukaniso (UZL NC 5) divorce, divorce decree, isihlukanisi (UZL NC 5) a divider, a room divider, isihluku (UZL NC 5) cruelty; inhumanity; harshness(2) force; isihlungu (UZL NC 5)/ ukwalananomuzimba (UZL NC 4) allergy, hypersensitivity, sensitivity
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isihlungu (UZL NC 5)/ ushevu (UZL NC 1.1) / idliso (UZL NC 2) / ubutha (UZL NC 8.2) poison (a) isihlungu senyoka = venom, toxin, poison (2) medicine to treat snake bite isihlupheki / isichaka (UZL NC 5)/ unhlwempu / umutshingoubethwa-ubani (UZL NC 1.1) / inkedama (UZL NC 6) (ongenabani, onhlwempu, onqunu, ongembethe, ohluphekayo) a poor man or person, a beggar, a homeless person isihluphi (UZL NC 5) irritating person; annoying person isihluthu (UZL NC 5) long hair; bushy hair; overgrown hair isihluthulelo / isikhiye / isitshixo (UZL NC 5)/ ukhiye (UZL NC 1.1) / ingidi (UZL NC 6) key, lock isihluzu / isikhwepha (UZL NC 5) bicep, muscle, muscle behind a leg, protuberance, isihlwa (UZL NC 5)/ ikhwani (UZL NC 2) long grass growing in damp soil or in wetland isihlwa / isixuku (UZL NC 5) swarm, crowd, multitude, horde, host, mob, gang, throng, stream, mass, body, band, army, troop, legion, flock, herd, pack, drove, sea, array, myriad, pile; knot, cluster, group. isihlwathi (UZL NC 5)/ ukucambalala (UZL NC 4) a nap; doze; sleep; a little sleep, relaxation on bed, a snooze (2) isihlwathi (UZL NC 5)/ ikhoma (UZL NC 6) comatose, unconscious, coma, blackout, pass-out, insentience isihlwithi (UZL NC 5)/ uhlwitho (UZL NC 3) / uqumbomubuso (UZL NC 3) / ikholoniyalizimu (UZL NC 6) snatching, seizure, capture, occupation, takeover, overrunning, annexation, annexing, invasion, conquering, subjugation, subjection, colonization isihlwithimadlebe / isihluthamadlebe / isiqhuthamadlebe (UZL NC 5) bat
isijabane (UZL NC 5) pap made with maize meal and spinach isiJalimane (UZL NC 5) German language isiJaphane (UZL NC 5) Japanese language isijingi (UZL NC 5) a butternut pap or phuthu, a pumpkin soft porridge isijula (UZL NC 5)/ umukhonto (UZL NC 1.2) / iklwa (UZL NC 2) a spear isikali / isisindo (UZL NC 5) scale, ratio, proportion, relative size (2) injongo (UZL NC 6) = a recycled tin container used to drink home-made Zulu beer isikebhe / isihlibhi (UZL NC 5) boat isikela (UZL NC 5) sickle isikele (UZL NC 5) pair of scissors isikelemu (UZL NC 5)/ unompeshwana (UZL NC 1.1) worm (2) isikelemu (UZL NC 5)/ ugalakajane / umushokobezi (UZL NC 1.1) a trickster, swindler, cheat, fraud, fraudster, defrauder, confidence man; charlatan, mountebank, quack, impostor, isiketekete (UZL NC 5) a wobbly / shaky container isiketi (UZL NC 5) skirt isikibha (UZL NC 5) T.shirt isikidi (UZL NC 5) / ijele / itolongo / itilongo (UZL NC 2) / unonganga (UZL NC 1.1) jail cell, prison isikigi (UZL NC 5) a bowel jar, a bowel jug, a container for urine or foreign human materials isikinatelisi (UZL NC 5)/ impintshisi (UZL NC 6) pliers, pair of pliers isikithi (UZL NC 5) my home way of doing things, my culture, my being, my primary socialisation isiko (UZL NC 5) culture, a way of life isikole / isikhungomfundo (UZL NC 5) a school, learning facility, education facility; educational institution (2) isikole (UZL NC 5)/ imfundo (UZL NC 6) education, formal education isikolobho / isihlanzindlu (UZL NC 5)/ imophu (UZL NC 6) vacuum cleaner, mop, swap isikompulazi / isidlidli / isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5) squatter
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camp, urban informal settlers, informal housing, isikotshi (UZL NC 5) Scot, a person of Scottish decent, Scot traditional wear, anything that is inspired by Scot traditional wear design isikubo (UZL NC 5) his or her family culture; his or her family ways of doing things; his or her primary socialisation *isikula (UZL NC 5) Gujarati language; Indian language; Indic language * isikula is considered derogatory. isikulufo (UZL NC 5) screw isikuta / isithuthuthu (UZL NC 5) motorbike, motorcycle, scooter isikhala (UZL NC 5) a vacancy, place, a vacant position, a vacant piece of land (2) isikhala (UZL NC 5)/ umufantu (UZL NC 1.2) crack, split (3) a sensitive place behind the ear isikhalazo / isikhalo (UZL NC 5) a complaint, protest, protestation, objection, remonstrance, statement of dissatisfaction, grievance, charge, accusation, isikhali / isizenze / isilimazi / isilimazo (UZL NC 5)/ inkemba (UZL NC 6) a weapon, a gun, a knife, weaponry, isikhalo / isililo (UZL NC 5) complaint, grievance, protest, protestation, objection, remonstrance, statement of dissatisfaction, grievance, charge, accusation, criticism; cavil isikhathi (UZL NC 5)/ umuzuzu (UZL NC 1.2) / inkathi (UZL NC 6) time, moment, point, point in time, occasion, hour, minute, second, instant, juncture, stage, phase, time, spell, interval, stretch, term, span, phase, session, bout, run, space, duration, chapter, stage, while (2) isikhathi (UZL NC 5)/ ukuthomba (UZL NC 4) menstruation, menstrual period (a) isikhathi sesidliwe inja (time has been eaten by a dog) = time is gone, time is up isikhawu / isihlandla (UZL NC 5) interval, interim, interlude,
intermission, recess, pause (2) segment; section; module; portion isikhebeleshe (UZL NC 5)/ umahambelala (UZL NC 1.1) a woman with low sexual morals and principles, a whore, a prostitute, isikhekhelezi (UZL NC 5)/ uguquko (UZL NC 3)/ ukwebuza (UZL NC 4) reshuffle, reorganization, restructuring, upheaval, change, rearrangement, regrouping, redistribution isikheshekheshe / isigwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 5) (ukugudluka kokujwayelekile noma okuqhelekile) deviation, digression, divergence , departure, shift, drift, drifting, straying, deflection, wandering, moving away; variation, change, alteration; divagation isikhindi (UZL NC 5)/ ubhemunda (UZL NC 1.1) short pants; shorts isikhohlisi (UZL NC 5)/ inkohliso (UZL NC 6) dummy, model, lay figure, counterfeit (2) isikhohlisi (UZL NC 5)/ umangamanga (UZL NC 1.1) pathetic liar isikhohliso (UZL NC 5)/ inkohliso deceit, deception, fraudulence (2) isikhohliso / isihlalisi (UZL NC 5)joke, play, comedy, satire isikhokho (UZL NC 5)/ intshela (UZL NC 6)/ ukhekheba (UZL NC 3)/ ikrasti (UZL NC 6)/ uqweqwe (UZL NC 3) crust, outer layer usually hard, the outer hard part, part, burnt or brown crust of food, the outside layer, exterior layer; the heel, the end, the remnant, the outer part of bread, isikholwa (UZL NC 5)/ ubukholwa (UZL NC 8.2) Christianity, a religion of Jesus Christ faith, Christian faith isikhombisa (UZL NC 5) seven; 7; number 7 isikhombisi / isitshengisi / isibonakalisi / isibonisi (UZL NC 5) indicator, pointer, signal, guide isikhonkwane / isigxumeko / isiklayi (UZL NC 5) izikhonkwane / izigxumeko / iziklayo (UZL NC 9) peg
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for demarcating land, pegs for separation of land, poles of distinction, differentiation, division; delimitation, marking off, definition (2) boundary pointers, border indicators, borderline rod, frontier sticks, bound symbols, delimitation evidence; dividing line, line, land divider isikhonzi / isigijimi / isithunywa (UZL NC 5) sheriff, altar boy or and girl, traditional leader messenger, an envoy, a legate, an emissary isikhonzi / isicashalala / isimbamgodi (UZL NC 5) a subservient person, submissive, deferential, acquiescent, compliant, accommodating, obedient, dutiful, duteous isikhotha (UZL NC 5) tall grass, bush, shrub, hedge, wilderness isikhova (UZL NC 5) owl isikhuhli /isikhuhlisi (UZL NC 5)/ ibhulashikuhlanza(UZL NC 2) scrubbing-brush isikhukhukazi (UZL NC 5) hen, female bird / chicken isikhulu / isicukuthwane / isitatanyiswa / isitatamiswa (UZL NC 5)/ inkinsela (UZL NC 6) dignitary, honourable, his/her excellency, his/her worship, statesman; person with authority, important person, very important person (VIP); very, very important person (VVIP) isikhulumeli (UZL NC 5) spokesperson isikhulumi (UZL NC 5) speaker; public speaker;; narrator isikhulumi-sosuku (UZL NC 5) guest speaker isikhumulo / isikhungo (UZL NC 5)/ inkundla / indawo (UZL NC 6) resting place, parking place, isikhumulomabhasi / isikhungomabhasi (UZL NC 5) bus-stop, bus terminal
isikhumulomatekisi / isikhungomatekisi (UZL NC 5) / irenki (UZL NC 6) taxi-rank isikhumulomabhanoyi / isikhungondiza (UZL NC 5) airport isikhumulozitimela / isikhungozitimela (UZL NC 5 )train station isikhumba (UZL NC 5)/ amakhasi (UZL NC 7) / uboya (UZL NC 8.2) / izimpaphe (UZL NC 9) skin, covering of people; animals and plants, feathers, hide isikhumbuzo (UZL NC 5)/ itshesikhumbuzo (UZL NC 2) (itshe lesikhumbuzo songasekho) memorial, monument, shrine, mausoleum, cenotaph; statue, plaque, brass, cairn; tombstone, gravestone, headstone, trophy. isikhumbuziso (UZL NC 5) reminder; aide-memoire isikhuni / isikhwili (UZL NC 5)/ukhuni / ugodo UZL NC 3) /ipulangwe / iplangwe (UZL NC 2) wood, timber, plank isikhundla (UZL NC 5)/ amandlakuphatha / amandla (UZL NC 7) / iphozishini (UZL NC 6) / izikhwepha (UZL NC 9) position (relating to power), power, status, place, level, rank, grade, grading, rating, standing, station, footing; stature, prestige, influence, reputation, repute, importance, consequence, class (2) isikhundla (UZL NC 5)/ indawo (UZL NC 6) / ibalazwe (UZL NC 2) place, location, site, spot, scene, setting, position, point, situation, area, region, whereabouts, locale; venue; map isikhungo (UZL NC 5)/ indawo / inkundla (UZL NC 6) place, parking, location, port, platform (2) institution isikhungomikhumbi / isikhumulomikhumbi (UZL NC 5) seaport, harbour, dock, docks, haven, mooring, jetty, pier, marina; anchorage, roads;
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isikhungomfundo (UZL NC 5) educational institution isikhungozindiza / isikhumulozindiza / isikhumulondiza (UZL NC 5) airport, airfield, airstrip, landing strip, runway; heliport, helipad; military air station; drome . isikhunta (UZL NC 5)/ ukukhunta / ukubola (UZL NC 4)/ umuswakama (UZL NC 1.2) mould, rot, mildew, fungus, must, mouldiness, mustiness; blight, smut; dry rot, wet rot. isikhwakhwalala (UZL NC 5)/ ibhadi / ishwa (UZL NC 2)/ isinyama (UZL NC 5) bad luck; misfortune; unpleasantness isikhwama (UZL NC 5)/ ujosaka / unxangisuka (UZL NC 1.1)/ umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) / ucwazi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isutikhesi (UZL NC 2)/ iklatshi (UZL NC 2)/ iwolethi (UZL NC 6) bag, receptacle, container; shopping bag, string bag, sack, carrier bag, carrier, handbag, shoulder bag, clutch bag, evening bag, isikhwaxa (UZL NC 5) oversize cloth; oversize dress; oversize skirt; oversize shirt isikhwe (UZL NC 5) ratoon, the motherstem of grass isikhwebu (UZL NC 5) mealie-cob with corn; plant growth (2) childless wife mature adult isikhwehlela / isikhohlelo (UZL NC 5) sputum, phlegm, cough (2) isikhwehlela (UZL NC 5)/ ivulamulomo (UZL NC 2) = a compulsory fine to open lobola negotiations with the bride’s father. The bride’s father will not open his mouth until this fine is paid. As soon as this money has been paid then the negotiation can begin. isikhwele (UZL NC 5) jealousy, possessiveness, controlling, dominating or overprotective isikhweqe / isiguqa (UZL NC 5) a person or man who is fit, burly, heavy, sturdy, strapping, bulky,
brawny, husky, strong, muscular or large isikhwepha / isigola / isigora (UZL NC 5) sturdy person; a fit man; a six-pack man isikhwishikhwishi / isikhuthali / isishibasheki (UZL NC 5) a very industrious person, a very swift person, a very motivated person, a quick and efficient person isiklabhu (UZL NC 5)/ imvu (UZL NC 6) sheep, lamb isikwadi / isikwata (UZL NC 5) squad isikwebhisi (UZL NC 5) a cracker, isikwele (UZL NC 5) a square Isikweleti (UZL NC 5)/ icala (UZL NC 2) debt, a loan, liability, bill, account, tally, financial obligation, outstanding payment, amount due, money owing; dues, arrears, debits, charges (2) isikweleti (UZL NC 5)/ okusazokwenziwa (UZL NC 4) = outstanding task, to do list, to be done, undone, not done, neglected, omitted, unattended to, unfinished, incomplete, left, remaining, pending, ongoing isilaha (UZL NC 5) butchery isilambi (UZL NC 5)/ umahambecela / umalalapayipini (UZL NC 1.1)/ isinaphungana (UZL NC 5)/ umadakeni (UZL NC 1.1) derogatory word for a poor person, a derogatory word for a homeless person, a derogatory word for a destitute person isilandiso (UZL NC 5)/ umulando/ umubiko / umuniningwane (UZL NC 1.2)/ imininingwane (UZL NC 10)/ ingqikithi (UZL NC 6) narration, narrative, account, story, tale, chronicle, description, portrayal, report, sketch, recital, recitation isilaysi (UZL NC 5)/ ucezu (UZL NC 3) slice isilaza (UZL NC 5) / ubala (UZL NC 5)/ okungelutho (UZL NC 4)/ utalagu (UZL NC 5) nothingness, oblivion, nonexistence, non-being, non-life;
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nullity, blankness; void, vacuum, nihility isilengiso / isigwebo (UZL NC 5) sentence, execution, guillotine, isilevu (UZL NC 5)chin isililo / isikhalo (UZL NC 5)/umuhhayizo / umuhayizo (UZL NC 1.2) weeping, lamentation, lament, cry, sob, bawl, snivel, whimper, mewl, lament isilima / isiphukuphuku (UZL NC 5)/ umuzala (UZL NC 1.1)/ uhlanya (UZL NC 3) stupid, imbecile, fool, idiot, cretin, moron, dolt, halfwit, ass, dunce, dullard, simpleton, nincompoop, blockhead, ignoramus, clod isilimu (UZL NC 5)/ ulimu (UZL NC 3)/ inkulumo (UZL NC 6)/ izwi (UZL NC 2)/ amazwi (UZL NC 7)/ okushiwoyo (UZL NC 4)/ okukhulunywayo / ukubeka (UZL NC 4)/ ubuciko (UZL NC 8.2)/ ingxoxo (UZL NC 6)/ amagama (UZL NC 7)/ inkulumompikiswano / injulabuchopho (UZL NC 6) language, tongue, speech, debate, communication, linguistic philosophy isilinganiso / isikali / isikalo (UZL NC 5) measure isilingo (UZL NC 5)/ ukudonselaophathe(UZL NC 4) deceitful temptation, ambush, bait to danger, surprise attack, trap, snare, pitfall, lure, enticement, lure, decoy, ambuscade isilisa (UZL NC 5)/ abesilisa (UZL NC 8.1)/ amadoda (UZL NC 7)/ okayise (UZL NC 8.1 male folk, men, male, masculine gender, iSilo / iSilo samaBandla (UZL NC 5)/ iNgonyama (UZL NC 6)/ iLembe inkosi yamaZulu (UZL NC 2) Zulu King, the Royal King of AmaZulu, the Chief Warrior isilomo (UZL NC 5) favourite person, celebrity, man about town, woman about town isilonda (UZL NC 5)/ inxeba / inxebanxeba / ingozi /
inkenenkene (UZL NC 6)/ isibazi (UZL NC 5)/ iphuphuza / ishashazi (UZL NC 2)/ ukuvuvukala (UZL NC 4) wound , sore, injury, lesion, cut, (2) hurt, harm, worry, damage, injury, pain, distress, grief (2) inflammation, swelling, isilumo (UZL NC 5) period pains isilungu (UZL NC 5)/ impoqabulungu (UZL NC 6)/ ubudlagusha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ikholoniyalizimu / impucuzeko yaseNtshonalanga (UZL NC 6) English or Western language, assimilation, western civilization, colonialism, imperialism, white domination, white hegemony isilungulelo (UZL NC 5) heartburn isilwabi (UZL NC 5)/ inkeshezi (UZL NC 6) tiny, bit, isilwane (UZL NC 5)/ inunu / inyamazane (UZL NC 6) animal, animal creatures, beasts, animal living things, (2) a wild person isilwi / isigayigayi (UZL NC 5)/isosha (UZL NC 2)/ uphumasilwe (UZL NC 1.1)/ idelakufa (UZL NC 2)/ ushayangenduku (UZL NC 1.1)/ uqhumasibhamu / ushayangequpha (UZL NC 1.1) fighter, soldier, fighting man, fighting woman, warrior, combatant, serviceman, servicewoman isimadzadza / isimomondiya (UZL NC 5)/ ushayangabantwana (UZL NC 3)/ uphumalangasikothe (UZL NC 1.1)/ isitshava (UZL NC 5)/ unobuhle (UZL NC 1.1)/ isiphalaphala (UZL NC 5) sexy woman isimama (UZL NC 5)/ ubumama / ubufazane / ubukhosikazi (UZL NC 8.2) womanhood; womanliness, femininity, feminineness (2) feminism; belief in the power of female gender isimame / isifazane (UZL NC 5) female gender, womankind isimakade (UZL NC 5)/ ingunaphakade (UZL NC 2)/ izinsukuzonke (UZL NC 9)/
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imihlangemihla (UZL NC 10)/ unomuphela (UZL NC 3) eternity, forever, all time, perpetuity, ever, immortality, timeliness isimaku (UZL NC 5)/ uphaphi (UZL NC 5)/inja encane (UZL NC 6) a puppy isimame (UZL NC 5)/ okanina (UZL NC 1.1)/ inina (UZL NC 2)/ isifazane (UZL NC 5) women, female, ladies isimanga (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ okungakholakali / okungakholeki (UZL NC 4) unbelievable occurrence, incredible, beyond belief, incomprehensible, difficult to believe, far-fetched episode, implausible situation isimangali (UZL NC 5)/ umumangali / umubekicala / umuthwesicala (UZL NC 1.1) plaintiff, accuser, the aggrieved party, the alligator, the offended, the wronged, the one instituting a criminal case against the other isimangaliso (UZL NC 5)/ ivalamulomo / ikhexisimulomo / ibambisangezansi (UZL NC 2) / okwethusayo / okushiyana ukhexile (UZL NC 4)/ okubambisanaongezansi / okuvala-umulomo (UZL NC 4) miracle, astonishment, amazement, surprise, shock, stupefaction, bafflement, bewilderment, confusion, perplexity, incredulity, disbelief, dismay, consternation, speechlessness, awe, wonder, wonderment isimayemaye (UZL NC 5)/ ubumayemaye (UZL NC 8.2)/ isililo (UZL NC 5)/ umuhhayizo / umuhayizo (UZL NC 1.2) loud cry, call, shout, exclamation, yell, shriek, scream, screech, bawl, bellow, roar, whoop; howl, yowl, squeal, yelp, yawp isimehlane (UZL NC 5)/ idampi (UZL NC 2)/ injongo /injongo yamahewu (UZL NC 6)/ umancishana (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukhamba oluncane (UZL NC 3)/ isikali esincane (UZL NC 5)/ ibhodlela likanemenayidi (UZL NC 2)/ ikhothi (UZL
smaller container less than 1 litre, a litre of cool drink, short, squat, stubby; plump, stout, chubby, chunky, portly, paunchy, corpulent, quart isiMelikana (UZL NC 5) American accent, American English, United States of American English isiMelika (UZL NC 5) American culture, western civilization, USA English isimemezelo / isethulo (UZL NC 5)/ izindaba (UZL NC 9)/ umubiko (UZL NC 1.2) announcement, proclamation, promulgation, notice, statement, report, declaration, pronouncement; bulletin, message; information, word, news, declaration, notification, isimemo (UZL NC 5)/ ukwenxuswa / ukunxuswa / isicelo (UZL NC 5) invitation, invite, request, call, bidding, summons; isimilo (UZL NC 5)/ ubuqotho (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukuziphatha kahle (UZL NC 4)/ isidima (UZL NC 5)/ ukwethemba (UZL NC 4) integrity, honesty, good behaviour; uprightness, probity, rectitude, honour, ethics, morals, righteousness, isimina (UZL NC 5)/ ubumina (UZL NC 8.2)/ uqobo lwami (UZL NC 3)/ isiqu sami (UZL NC 5)/ ugazi (UZL NC 3)/ intando yami (UZL NC 6) myself, my personality, my character, my characterisation, my nature, my disposition, my temperament (2) individualism isiminya (UZL NC 5)/ iqiniso (UZL NC 2)/ abaphansi (UZL NC 8.1) true, truth to God, veracity, truthfulness, verity, fact, empirical evidence, sincerity isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5) stampede, charge, panic, rush, flight, rout, scattering isiminza / isidlakudla (UZL NC 5)/ ugimba (UZL NC 1.1) glutton, gourmand, overeater, gorger, big eater isimiso (UZL NC 5)/ umuqathango / umuhlahlandlela (UZL NC 1.2) a standard, a system, a standing rule, a NC 6)
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procedure, rules and regulations; norms and standards; technique, means, measure, process, proceeding, operation isimo (UZL NC 5) condition, situation, environment, circumstances, surroundings; state of affairs, set-up, position, context, background, setting, ambience, atmosphere, climate, milieu, habitat, way of life isimoko (UZL NC 5)/ inkinga (UZL NC 6) problem, difficulty, issue, trouble, worry, complication, difficult situation, mess, muddle, obstacle, hurdle, hiccup, setback, catch isimo-sezulu (UZL NC 5) weather, weather condition, meteorological conditions, atmospheric conditions, meteorology, climate; temperature, humidity, cloud cover; atmospheric pressure; weather forecast isimomondiya / isingqazu / isiphalaphala (UZL NC 5) smiley warmhearted person, pretty woman, cute woman, beautiful woman, elegant woman isimongco (UZL NC 5) sceptic tank isimoshi / isiphoxi (UZL NC 5) wasteful person, a spoiler, destructive person, a destroyer, a person who causes damage, an embarrassing person, shameful person isimukanandwendwe (UZL NC 5)/ uthathekile (UZL NC 1.1) gullible person, credulous, over-trusting, overtrustful, trustful, easily deceived/led, easily taken in, exploitable, dupable, deceivable, impressionable, unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unwary, unguarded, isimuncwane (UZL NC 5) something sour, isimungulu (UZL NC 5)/ umuntu ongakwazi ukukhuluma (UZL NC 5) a person who can’t talk, isimbamgodi (UZL NC 5)/ umadakeni (UZL NC 1.1)/isigqila / isidlamgqomeni (UZL NC 5)/ uphuzangesikali (UZL NC 1.1)
hole digger, the slave, the exploited worker, the manual labourer, the hard working labourer isimbelambela / isicefe / isidina (UZL NC 5)/ umulebelebe (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukhonkothayo (UZL NC 1.1) nagging or thing person, annoyance isimbozo / isivalo / isembozo / isidikiselo (UZL NC 5) cover, lid isinamba / isinoko / isinensane (UZL NC 5)/ ocothozayo / onwabulukayo (UZL NC 1.1) weary person, a slow person, a sluggish person isine (UZL NC 5)/ (ufo (UZL NC 1.1)) number 4, 4th, 2+2, 2X2, 4 isineke (UZL NC 5)/ ukubekezela / ukunyamezela (UZL NC 4) patience, forbearance, tolerance, restraint, fortitude, sufferance, endurance isinoko (UZL NC 5) (see isinamba above) isinono (UZL NC 5)/ ubugcokama / ukuhlanzeka (UZL NC 4)/ inhlanzeko (UZL NC 6) tidiness; cleanliness; hygiene isincanekazana(UZL NC 5) tiny person isincinti (UZL NC 5) excessively sweet thing, food, or drink isincomo / isiphakamiso (UZL NC 5) recommendation, proposal, suggestion (2) appraisal isindanda / isidindi / isidenga (UZL NC 5) dunderheaded, wooden, woodenheaded, fat-headed, muttonheaded; idiot, moron, imbecile, obtuse, doltish; gullible, naïve person isiNdebele (UZL NC 5) Ndebele language; Ndebele culture isiNdiya (UZL NC 5) Indian culture, Indian language isinkwa (UZL NC 5)/ ujeqe (UZL NC 1.1)/ isinkwa somubhako (UZL NC 5) bread, steam bread, baked bread isinqandamathe / isithandwa (UZL NC 5) passionate lover, intimate lover, lover isinqe (UZL NC 5)/ ukhalo (UZL NC 3) the waist line, the body part above bums, bum
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isinqumo (UZL NC 5) decision isintu (UZL NC 5)/ ubuntu (UZL NC 1.2) the black African way of living, black African languages, (2) compassion, brotherly love, fellow feeling, humaneness, kindness, kindheartedness, isintwana (UZL NC 5)/ ubungane / ubuntwana (UZL NC 8.2) immaturity, childishness, babyishness, infantilism, juvenility, puerility, lack of experience, inexperience, unworldliness, naivety, ingenuousness isinyama / isichitho / isigcwagcwa / isikhwakhwalala (UZL NC 5) bad omen, bad aura, being disliked for no apparent reason, being hated, attracting bad energy, being possessed by evil, unpropitious, isiNyasa (UZL NC 5) Malawian culture, Malawian language isinye (UZL NC 5) bladder isinyelele (UZL NC 5) furtiveness, secretiveness, secrecy, surreptitiousness, sneakiness, slyness, covertness, stealthiness, clandestineness isipakupaku (UZL NC 5) any container with a small mouth but bigger than a litre and smaller than 16 litres isipantsula (UZL NC 5) a modern South African dance that uses the whole of body movements very fast and very slowly isipatsha / isiphalaphala / isingqazu (UZL NC 5) a glamorous woman, beautiful woman, sexy woman, alluring woman isiPedi (UZL NC 5) amaPedi culture, SePedi Culture, Pedi language isipeti (UZL NC 5) spade isipeletu / isiqhobosho (UZL NC 5) safety pin, isipepe (UZL NC 5) chattiness; talkativeness isipidi / isivinini (UZL NC 5)/ ijubane (UZL NC 2)/ukugijima (UZL NC 4) speed,
rate, pace, tempo, momentum (2) rapidity, swiftness, speediness, alacrity, quickness, fastness isipikili (UZL NC 5) a nail isipili / isibuko (UZL NC 5) mirror isipoki (UZL NC 5)/ umungcwi (UZL NC 1.2)/ obuyayo (UZL NC 1.1)/ ithunzi (UZL NC 2) a ghost, spectre, phantom, wraith, spirit, soul, shadow, presence; vision, apparition, hallucination isipopolo (UZL NC 5) statoscope, a magnifying glass isipuni (UZL NC 5)/ ukhezo (UZL NC 3)/ inkezo (UZL NC 6) spoon, a serving spoon, a wooden spoon isiphakamiso (UZL NC 5) suggestion, proposal, proposition; motion isiphako (UZL NC 5) ladle, serving spoon isiphalaphala (UZL NC 5) glamorous woman, (check isipatsha above) isiphalo (UZL NC 5) scrapper isiphambano (UZL NC 5)/ umunqamulezo (UZL NC 1.2) cross; crucifix; rood isiphambeko (UZL NC 5)/ iphutha (UZL NC 2) blunder; mistake isiphandi (UZL NC 5) digger, digging instrument; digging equipment; digging machine isiphandeko (UZL NC 5) demobilising instrument or tool isiphandla (UZL NC 5) leather bangle; bangle made out of goat skin (2) decoration of honour isiphanyeko (UZL NC 5)/ ihenga (UZL NC 2) hanger, peg isiphaqisi (UZL NC 5) facial powder, women cosmetic such as foundation, powder, lip-stick isiphathimandla / isikhulu (UZL NC 5) / umuphathi (UZL NC 1.1) a person with authority, presiding officer, an accounting officer, an executive authority, an authorized person, a political office bearer isiphazima (UZL NC 5)/ ukhanyikhanyi (UZL NC 1.1) flickering light; flashing light; flash
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isiphazamiso / isikhubekiso (UZL NC 5) disturbance (2) impediment; obstacle isipheko (UZL NC 5)/ umufakasandla (UZL NC 1.1) donation; contribution in the form of food, money, drinks or anything deemed to be fitting with the event or occasion isiphepho / isivunguvungu (UZL NC 5) storm, heavy wind, wind isiphephelo (UZL NC 5) refuge, stronghold isiphetho (UZL NC 5)/ umugoqo (UZL NC 1.2) conclusion; end (2) concluding remarks; closing remarks; summary at the end isiphethu (UZL NC 5) / umuthombo (UZL NC 1.2) surface spring; water welling from the ground; spring water (2) isiphethu (UZL NC 5)/ igiza (UZL NC 6) geyser isiphiwo / isidalwa (UZL NC 5) an albino derogatory word = isishaywa / the cursed one isiphiba (UZL NC 5)/ ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2) hardship, torment, persecution isiphihli (UZL NC 5) massive accident (2) abundance (3) heavy down-pour of rain isiphika (UZL NC 5)/ ukhola (UZL NC 1.1) collar isiphindiphindi / isiphindaphindo (UZL NC 5)/ impindampinda / impida (UZL NC 6) repetition, iteration, restatement, reiteriation isiphindiso (UZL NC 5)/ ukuziphindiselelela (UZL NC 4) revenge (2) isiphindiso (UZL NC 5)/ impinda (UZL NC 6) reciprocation, return, retribution isiphiwo / isipho (UZL NC 5) talent, gift, flair, aptitude isipho (UZL NC 5) gift, present, donation isiphongo (UZL NC 5) forehead isiphophothisi (UZL NC 5) make-up, cosmetic isiphoxi (UZL NC 5) an embarrassing person
isiphukuphuku / isilima / isithumuthumu (UZL NC 5) a fool, idiot, buffoon, dunce, imbecile, dullard, moron isiphundu (UZL NC 5) occiput, back of the head isiqalekiso / isishayo (UZL NC 5)/ ukushaywa (UZL NC 4 )/ ibhadi (UZL NC 5)/ isinyama (UZL NC 5) a curse, affliction, burden, cross to bear, bane, bitter pill, misfortune, misery, ordeal, trial, tribulation, torment, trouble, problem isiphungumangathi (UZL NC 5) chrysalis, pupa, (3) immature person isiqalo (UZL NC 5)/ imvela (UZL NC 6)/ umuthombo (UZL NC 1.2)/ impande (UZL NC 6) beginning, dawn, birth, inception, conception, origination, genesis, rise, start, starting point, cradle, root. (2) isiqalo / isandulela (UZL NC 5)/ umuphambili wegama (UZL NC 1.2) prefix, opening, preface, introduction, foreword, preamble (3) isiqalo / inhlokogama (UZL NC 5) prefix, an opening, earliest, initial, opening isiqandu (UZL NC 5)/ umunyovu (UZL NC 1.2) wasp isiqanduqandu (UZL NC 5)/ unongoloza (UZL NC 1.1) an aggressive person, hostile, belligerent isiqashi (UZL NC 5) tenant, rent seeker isiqatha (UZL NC 5) a homemade brew (beer) in black African townships especially KwaZulu-Natal that gives a quick kick (2) isiqatha (UZL NC 5) a thrilling feeling, a feeling of excitement, a thrilling experience, a stimulation, a sensation, a glowing feeling, (3) isiqatha (UZL NC 5)/ ubuqathaqatha (UZL NC 8.2)/ okuwayo (UZL NC 5) something that falls from nowhere, coming in person, coming in itself (4) isiqatha (UZL NC 5)/ inkawu (UZL NC 6)/ utshwala-baphansi (UZL NC 8.2) alcohol common in informal settlement in South Africa
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isiqathaqatha (UZL NC 5) tremor, falling isiqeda (UZL NC 5) frozen juice, ice-lolly isiqedakoma (UZL NC 5) thirst quencher (2) night stand isiqengqe / isidabulane (UZL NC 5) wizard, genius, expert, master, someone who is razor sharp isiqephu (UZL NC 5)/ (umudlalo ongama nqampunqampu) short story, drama, sequence (2) half , a piece of cloth isiqethu (UZL NC 5) falling backward, a form of sitting or sleeping facing up isiqiwu / isiqhingi (UZL NC 5) a reserve, a preserve, a conservation, a sanctuary isiqongo / isicongo (UZL NC 5)/ iphezulu (UZL NC 2) top, pinnacle, tip, ridge isiqopho (UZL NC 5) / incoko (UZL NC 2)/ umacobana (UZL NC 1.1) a joke, a trick, practical joke, prank, stunt, hoax, jape, a leg-pull, lark, spoof, quiz, cantrip (2) funny story, jest, witticism, quip, isiqondiso (UZL NC 5)/ umukhombandlela / umuthetho (UZL NC 1.2) (indlela okuzokwenziwa ngayo) a directive, instruction, direction, command, order, charge, injunction, enjoinment, prescription, demand; rule, ruling, regulation, law, dictate, decree, dictum, edict, notice, ordinance, mandate, fiat, diktat. isiqothu (UZL NC 5)/ okuphelele (UZL NC 4) complete package, isiqu / umuzimba (UZL NC 5) a trunk, a main stem, bole, stock; torso, body isiqubulo / isigi (UZL NC 5) slogan, motto; catch phrase; mantra isiqunga (UZL NC 5) tambootie grass, patch grass, grassroot isiqhamo (UZL NC 5)/ umuvuzo / umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2) result, outcome, output, consequence, impact isiqhaza (UZL NC 5)/ iqaba (UZL NC 2) uneducated person; non-conformist; deviant; opponent of western culture
isiqhelo (UZL NC 5) / injwayelo (UZL NC 6) habit, pattern, routine, custom, tradition isiqhingi (UZL NC 5) an island, a reserve, a conservation area; a sanctuary isiqhomo (UZL NC 5) cheekbone isiqhotho (UZL NC 5)/ amaqhwa (UZL NC 7) hail, frozen rain, hailstones, sleet, precipitation; hailstorm, hail shower isiqhwaga (UZL NC 5) a bossy person, a bully person, bully, a person who believes or is believed to be a fighter, a kingpin, top dog, bigwig isiqhwala / isidalwa / isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) a disabled person, a physically challenged person, isiqwayi / isagila (UZL NC 5) knobkerrie isisa / isisi (UZL NC 5)/ igesi (UZL NC 6) gas isisebenzi (UZL NC 5)/umusebenzi / umuqashwa (UZL NC 1.1)/ umusizi (UZL NC 1.1)/ umuthengisimandla (UZL NC 1.1) worker; employee, labourer; hired person; workforce member isisekelo (UZL NC 5)/ ukusekelwa (UZL NC 4)/uxhaso (UZL NC 3)/ ukuxhaswa (UZL NC 4)/ usizo (UZL NC 3)/ isaphothi (UZL NC 6)/ ukubonelelwa (UZL NC 4) support, support system, substantiation, elaboration, pillar, post, prop, underprop, underpinning, base; cushion isisi / isishiphi-makhemikhali (UZL NC 5)/ igesi (UZL NC 6) gas, fume, teargas, smoke, vapour, exhalation, exhaust, effluvium, pollution isisini (UZL NC 5)/ itsaki (UZL NC 2) a space between teeth, a missing tooth isisindo (UZL NC 5)/ ubungako (UZL NC 8.2) weight, size, heaviness, lightness, magnitude, bulk, dimensions, capacity, density, extent, scope, greatness, bigness, hugeness, amount, matter, mass, load, burden, pressure, force; poundage, tonnage, value isisoka (UZL NC 5)/ ubugagu (UZL NC 8.2) eloquence; fluency; articulateness; persuasiveness
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isisombululo (UZL NC 5)/ impendulo (UZL NC 6) resolution; answer; solution; rectification isisotsha (UZL NC 5) military precision isisotsha (UZL NC 5)/ idlambusobudlova (UZL NC 2) military rule; coup d'état; army coup isisu (UZL NC 5) stomach isisulelo (UZL NC 5)/ umata wokusula (UZL NC 1.1) door mat, rug, runner, carpet, drugget; doormat, welcome mat, hearthrug, bath mat, rag rug, scatter rug; bearskin, sheepskin; isisulo (UZL NC 5)/ indwangu-kusula (UZL NC 6) duster, wiping cloth, a cleaning instrument/ tool as yellow duster/ feather duster / vacuum cleaner / mop = rub, clean, mop, sponge, swab, polish isisulu (UZL NC 5)/ umuzwangedwa (UZL NC 1.2) loneliness, : isolation, friendlessness, lack of friends/companions, forsakenness, abandonment, rejection; unpopularity; sadness, unhappiness, forlornness, despondency isiShangane (UZL NC 5) Shangaan language; Shangaan culture isishayamthetho (UZL NC 5)/ iphalamende (UZL NC 2)/ uhulumeni (UZL NC 1.1) legislature, the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, the Highest institution on the land, the National Assembly (NA), the National Council or Provinces (NCOP), the provincial legislature, legislative assembly, chamber, the municipal council, the district municipal council, the local municipal council, local government, provincial government, national government, government , the house, upper house, lower house, upper chamber, lower chamber, second chamber, convocation, council, assembly
isishaywa / isiqalekiso (UZL NC 5) cursed person, derogatory word for albino or disabled person from birth isishebo (UZL NC 5) vegetables; stew; isishimane / isigwali (UZL NC 5) a man who is disliked by women, a man who does not attract women lovers, a man who shys (2) an inarticulate person isishiyagalolunye (UZL NC 5) nine, ninth, 9th, number 9; 9 isishiyagalombili (UZL NC 5) eight, eighth, 8th, number 8; 8 isisho (UZL NC 5) saying; phrase isishosha (UZL NC 5) a physically disabled person; a physically challenged person; a person with limited mobility isishovushovu /isishoshovu (UZL NC 5)/ umugqugquzeli (UZL NC 1.1) an activist, a lobbyist, an organizer, a champion, an upholder, supporter, backer, promoter, proponent, exponent, protector, patron; isiswebhu / isibhaxu (UZL NC 5) sjambok isitabani (UZL NC 5)/ungqingili (UZL NC 1.1)/ indodamfazi (UZL NC 6) gay, lesbian, homosexual isitaki (UZL NC 5) stack, : heap, pile, mound, mountain, pyramid, mass, store, stockpile, hoard, load, tower, drift, clamp, hack (2) derogatory name for Inkatha Freedom Party member isitaladi (UZL NC 5)/ umugwaqo (UZL NC 1.2) street, road, highway, thoroughfare, roadway; road surface, way; avenue, drive, row, crescent, terrace, close, parade, side street, side road, lane, alley isitamukoko (UZL NC 5) drainage, sewer treatment plant isitambu (UZL NC 5)/ umungqusho (UZL NC 1.2) samp isitaputapu (UZL NC 5)/ inyamfunyamfu (UZL NC 6) sticky,
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glutinous, viscous, viscid; gluey, tacky, gummy, syrupy; mucilaginous; isitatamiswa / isiphakanyiswa (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlonishwa (UZL NC 1.1) very important person (VIP) dignitary, luminary, worthy, grandee, lion, public figure, pillar of society, notable, notability, personage, panjandrum isitatimende (UZL NC 5) statement isitatimende-esifungelwe / isifungositamende (UZL NC 5) affidavit, sworn-in-statement isitatimendezindaba (UZL NC 5)/ indabasitatimende (UZL NC 6) press statement isitatimendemuphumela (UZL NC 5)/ umubiko / umuphumelasistatimende (UZL NC 5)/ iriphothi / iripoti (UZL NC 2) result statement, report isitatimende-sophenyo (UZL NC 5)/ uphenyositatimende (UZL NC 3) investigation statement isitebele (UZL NC 5) stable isitebhisi (UZL NC 5) step-ladder isiteketiso / isidlaliso (UZL NC 5) nickname isiteleka (UZL NC 5)/ umubhikisho (UZL NC 1.2) strike; industrial action; worker protest isitembu / isigxivizo (UZL NC 5) stamp, imprint, print, impress, punch, inscribe, engrave, chase, etch, carve, emboss, deboss, brand, frank, mark, label, logo, an emblem isiteshi / isitobhu (UZL NC 5) station, stopping place, terminal isiteshimaphoyisa (UZL NC 5) police station isiteshimatekisi (UZL NC 5) taxi station, taxi rank isiteshizitimela (UZL NC 5) train station isitezi (UZL NC 5) multi-storey building isitibhili (UZL NC 5) chicken waste isitifiketi / isiqinisekisi / isiqinisekiso (UZL NC 5) certificate isitimela (UZL NC 5) train
isitini (UZL NC 5) a brick, block isitobhu / isiteshi (UZL NC 5) terminal, station, stopping place, bus stop, train station isitofu (UZL NC 5) stove isitoki / isitokisi (UZL NC 5) detention isitoko (UZL NC 5) stock (2) isitoko / inkathazo hassle, inconvenience, problem, bother isitolo (UZL NC 5) store, shop, supermarket; retail centre; mall isitubhu (UZL NC 5) the cemented path in front of a house, cemented pathway isituji / isicashalala (UZL NC 5) stooge, underling, minion, lackey, subordinate, assistant; henchman, myrmidon, puppet, pawn, cat's paw, instrument, tool, creature isitulo / isihlalo (UZL NC 5) chair, seat, a bench, an armchair, a plastic chair, a wooden chair (2) a position isitha (UZL NC 5)/ imbangi (UZL NC 6) enemy, foe, adversary, opponent, rival, nemesis, antagonist, combatant, challenger, competitor, opposer, hostile party; (the enemy) the opposition, the competition, the other side, the opposing side isithabathaba (UZL NC 5)/ inxuluma (UZL NC 6)/ udukathole (UZL NC 1.1)/ isigodlo (UZL NC 5)/ ubukhosi (UZL NC 8.2)/ izulu elincane (UZL NC 2) mansion, very big beautiful house, stately home, seat, manor, manor house, country house, villa, castle, palace isithakazelo / isibongelo (UZL NC 5) praise name, genealogy, family tree tracing origins and interrelations isithambiso (UZL NC 5)/ okokugcoba (UZL NC 4)/ ukrimu (UZL NC 1.1)/ amafutha (UZL NC 7)/ u-oyela / uwoyela (UZL NC 1.1) moisturizer, lotion, cream, balm, emollient, salve, unguent, lubricant; hand lotion, body lotion, baby oil, cold cream, aftershave, pomade, pomatum; technical humectant.
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isithandwa / isingqandamathe (UZL NC 5)/ umuntakwethu (UZL NC 1/1)/ usofasilahlane (UZL NC 1.1)/ ubambo (UZL NC 3)/ isidudu (UZL NC 5)/ ithambolomukhuhlane (UZL NC 2)/ umayifohloza (UZL NC 1.1) darling, dear, dearest, dear one, love, lover, sweetheart, beloved, sweet, honey, angel, pet, sweetie, sugar, babe, baby, doll, poppet, treasure, sweeting, darling, lover isithangami / inkantolo / inkundla yeziqondiso / isikhungo samacala / ikomidi leziqondiso / umukhandlu wokuqondisa izigwegwe (UZL NC 5) a court, a tribal court, a meeting place, tribunal, housing tribunal, CCMA (Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration), disciplinary hearing, disciplinary committee, isithe / isithela (UZL NC 5)/ indawoecashile / imfihlakalo (UZL NC 6) hidden place, any place or area that is: behind, concealed, secret, not visible, invisible, unseen, not on view, out of sight, covered, camouflaged, disguised, masked, shrouded, veiled, isithembiso / isethembiso (UZL NC 5) promise, word of honour, word, assurance, pledge, vow, guarantee, oath, bond, undertaking, agreement, commitment, contract, covenant, compact. isithembu (UZL NC 5) polygamy isithelo (UZL NC 5)/ umukhiqizo (UZL NC 1.2) harvest, yield, crop, vintage, year's growth, fruit, produce (2) isithelo sotshalomali / return on investment = return, result, fruits; product, effect, consequence, output. isithende (UZL NC 5) heel, back of the foot isithenjwa (UZL NC 5)/ umeluleki (UZL NC 1.1) the trusted person in the community, confidante, advisor, counselor
isithingithingi (UZL NC 5) confused person, dreamy person isithipha (UZL NC 5)/ umbombayi (UZL NC 1.1) fake, counterfeit, forgery, copy, sham, fraud, hoax, imitation, mockup, dummy, reproduction, lookalike, likeness isithithithi / isithumuthumu (UZL NC 5) someone who is not street wise isithixo (UZL NC 5)/ (unkulunkulu wokwakhiwa) an idol, graven image, icon, golden calf, totem, talisman, fetish, mascot, juju isitho (UZL NC 5)/ umulenze (UZL NC 1.2)/ igamfu / igxathi (UZL NC 2) leg, lower limb, shank; limb, member, crus, stump (2) isitho / ingxenye part, stage, portion, segment, section, bit, phase, stretch, lap, step, installment; passage, subdivision, subsection, juncture (3) isitho (UZL NC 5)/ ilunga (UZL NC 2) isitho somuzimba / body part = body part, a body segment, organ, limb, member, biological structure (4) component, bit, constituent, element, unit, module, ingredient. (5) isitho (UZL NC 5)/ umulenze (UZL NC 1.2) leg isithobisi / isilalisi / isidambisi (UZL NC 5) medicine with sedative elements; tranquillizer, calmative, depressant, sleeping pill, soporific, narcotic, opiate; neurolepticon isithombe (UZL NC 5)/ umufanekiso / umubukiso / umuhlobiso (UZL NC 5) picture, photograph, photo, shot, snap, snapshot, image, portrait, study; print, slide (2) painting, drawing, sketch, print, canvas, delineation, cartoon, portrait, portrayal, illustration, artist's impression, artwork, depiction, likeness, representation, image, icon (3) concept, idea, impression, mental picture, view, vision, visualization, notion, theory, abstraction (4) personification, embodiment, epitome, essence, perfect example,
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soul, model, exemplar, archetype, quintessence (5) film, movie, feature film; cinema film, motion picture, animation, flick, moving picture. isithothotho / isithithithi / isithumuthumu (UZL NC 5) terrified person; timid person; a person who looks scared isithombo (UZL NC 5)/ imbewu (UZL NC 6) seedling, pip, stone, pit, nut, kernel, germ, ovule (2) genesis, source, origin, root, starting point, germ, beginnings, potential (for); cause, reason, motivation, motive; base, basis, foundation, bottom, seat, fundamental; core, nucleus, heart, kernel, nub, essence, fountainhead, wellspring, fount (3) Imbewu yakaMkhize / This is Mkhize’s seed = descendants, heirs, successors, scions; offspring, children, sons and daughters, progeny, family, youngsters, babies, brood, issue, fruit, fruit of someone's loins (4) Utshale imbewu embi / He is planting the seeds of bad behavior = influence, effect, impact; control, sway, hold, power, authority, ascendancy, mastery, domination, supremacy, leadership; guidance, direction, pressure isithuba (UZL NC 5)/ ithuba (UZL NC 2)/ isikhathi (UZL NC 5)/ umuzuzu (UZL NC 1.2) opportunity, chance, lucky chance, good time, golden opportunity, time, occasion, moment, favourable time, appropriate occasion, correct moment, right set of circumstances, appropriate time, suitable occasion, perfect moment, opportune, opening, option, window (of opportunity), slot, turn, go, (clear) run, field day; possibility, scope, freedom, latitude, room to manoeuvre isithukuthezi / isizungu (UZL NC 5) boredom, weariness, ennui, lack of enthusiasm, lack of interest, lack of
concern, apathy, sluggishness, dissatisfaction, restlessness, restiveness; isithumbu (UZL NC 5) fibula bone isithunga / isixhobo/ isijumbane (UZL NC 5) / inyanda (UZL NC 6)/ isishaqane (UZL NC 5) bundle, bunch, roll, clump, wad, parcel, packet, package, pack, sheaf, load, bale, bolt, truss, faggot, fascicle, pile, stack, mass, quantity, armful, collection, accumulation, agglomeration, lot, batch isithunjwa (UZL NC 5)/ umuthunjwa (UZL NC 1.1) kidnapped person, highjacked person, hostage isithunywa / isigijimi (UZL NC 5)/ umuphathiswa (UZL NC 1.1) messenger, message-bearer, message-carrier, postman, courier, errand boy/girl, runner, dispatch rider, envoy, emissary, agent, go-between, legate, nuncio, herald, harbinger. isithunzi (UZL NC 5)/ ithunzi (UZL NC 2)/ umuthunzi (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukuhwaqabala (UZL NC 4)/ ukuguquka (UZL NC 4) shadow, shade, shadowiness, darkness, gathering darkness, dimness, semi-darkness, twilight; gloom, gloominess, murkiness, murk, obscurity, gloaming, umbrage. (2) isithunzi / isidima (UZL NC 5)/ ubuqotho (UZL NC 8.2) dignity, stateliness, nobleness, nobility, majesty, regality, royalness, decorum, propriety, correctness, righteousness, respectability, worthiness, honourability, integrity; solemnity, gravity, gravitas; sobriety, sedateness, composure (2) shadow, shadow isithupha (UZL NC 5) thumb, (2) six, 6, sixth, 6th, number 6 isithutha (UZL NC 5)/ (ongezwa emadlebeni) a deaf person, hard of hearing, hearing-impaired, with impaired hearing, unhearing, stone deaf, deafened, profoundly deaf (2)
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isithutha (UZL NC 5)/ongasekho (UZL NC 1.1)/ idlozi (UZL NC 2) the dead, the ancestors, the ones who have no feelings isithuthi (UZL NC 5)/ inqola (UZL NC 6)/ ibhasi (UZL NC 2)/ imoto (UZL NC 6) transport, mobility on wheels, conveyance, transportation, transfer, transference, transmission, movement; vehicle, car, carriage, carrier isithuthuthu (UZL NC 5) motorbike isithuthwane (UZL NC 5)/ inzululwane (UZL NC 6) epilepsy, dizziness, convulsion, fit, seizure, paroxysm, spasm, attack, muscular contractions; throes isithwalandwe (UZL NC 5)/ umakadebona (UZL NC 1.1) veteran, retired soldier; old hand, old-timer, old stager; past master, doyen, authority, master, grandmaster, master hand, expert, virtuoso, maestro isithwalambiza (UZL NC 5) pray mantis, mantis isithwathwa (UZL NC 5)/ ungqweqwane (UZL NC 3) snow, frost, snowflakes, flakes, snowdrift, snowfield, snowpack; snowfall, snowstorm, blizzard; sleet, hail, soft hail; avalanche isitsha (UZL NC 5) dish, a food container isitshalo / isithombo (UZL NC 5) plant, seedling (2) isitshalo (UZL NC 5)/ ukhwezomali / ukhulisomali (UZL NC 3) = investment isitshudeni / isithungalwazi (UZL NC 5) student isitshulu (UZL NC 5) / ukhari (UZL NC 1.1) stew, curry (a) ukhari wenkukhu chicken curry (b) ukhari wenkomo = beef curry (3) ukhari wemathini = mutton curry (4) ukhari wafishi = fish curry isiwelewele (UZL NC 5)/ ubumayemaye (UZL NC 8.2) chaos, furore, frenzy; uproar; hue and cry;
disorder, disarray, disorganization, confusion, mayhem, bedlam, pandemonium, madness, havoc, turmoil, tumult, commotion, disruption, upheaval; anarchy isiwengu (UZL NC 5)/ uthathekile (UZL NC 1.1) credulous person, gullible person, naïve person, over-trusting individual isiwombe (UZL NC 5)/ uhlaselo (UZL NC 3)/ ukungenelondlini (UZL NC 3 ) charge; onslaught, raid, attack (2) isiwombe / isehlakalo / isigameko (UZL NC 5) happening, occurrence, phenomenon, episode, incidence isiwula / isilima / isiphukuphuku (UZL NC 5) fool, idiot, stupid isivakashi / isihambeli (UZL NC 5)/ umukhenkethi (UZL NC 1.1) a visitor; a tourist; an explorer isivalamunyango / isivimbimunyango (UZL NC 5) doorstopper isivalo / isidikiselo (UZL NC 5) covering; a cap; a lid (2) isivalo (UZL NC 5)/ umunyango (UZL NC 1.2)/ isicabha (UZL NC 5) door isivamelo (UZL NC 5) / amandalwazi / amandlakwenza (UZL NC 7) / ikhono (UZL NC 2) power; ability to exert power; authoritative ability isivatho / isembatho (UZL NC 5)/ ingubo (UZL NC 6)/ umunazaretha (UZL NC 1.2) cassock, church clothing, dress, clothing isivande (UZL NC 5) small vegetable garden isivengezi (UZL NC 5) chasm isivivinyo / isiphenyikhono / isiphenyilwazi (UZL NC 5)/ inhlololwazi / inhlolokwazi/ inhlolo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuhlolwa (UZL NC 4) examination; assessment; exercise; test; trial isivongozi (UZL NC 5) / imbobo (UZL NC 6) deep cavity isivombolozi (UZL NC 5) thick object
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isivumelwano (UZL NC 5) agreement; contract; treaty isivuno / isithelo (UZL NC 5) harvest; yield; produce; vintage isivunguvungu (UZL NC 5) boisterous wind; strong storm; hail-storm accompanied by strong winds isivuthevuthe / isivuvu (UZL NC 5) heat, heat-wave isivuthisi (UZL NC 5) lighter isivuvu (UZL NC 5)/ uphephela / uvuvu (UZL NC 1.1) properllor, airscrew isixakaniso / isikhubekiso / isixovamoya / isihlukumezamoya / isinengiso / isishayisanavalo (UZL NC 5) / inkinga / insambatheka / insumansumane (UZL NC 6) / umuhlola / umushophi (UZL NC 1.2) puzzlement, anxiety, disturbance, perturbation, trouble, bother, distress, concern, care, upset, uneasiness, unease, disquiet, disquietude, disconcertment, fretfulness, restlessness, nervousness, nerves, agitation, edginess, tension, tenseness, stress, strain; apprehension, fear, fearfulness, dread, foreboding, trepidation, misgiving, angst isixakaxaka / isiphithiphithi / isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5)/ ingxovane (UZL NC 6) crowded and rowdy place, noisy and overcrowded condition, emotionally charged environment; rowdy, rackety, clamorous, and or boisterous situation isixazululo (UZL NC 5) / isicaciso / isichachiso / impendulo (UZL NC 6)/ umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2) / uqedonkinga (UZL NC 3) solution, answer, result, resolution, way out, panacea, key, formula, guide, clue, pointer, gloss; explanation, explication, clarification, interpretation, elucidation, exposition. Isixini / isixinane (UZL NC 5) / iphelendlebeni (UZL NC 2) nag,
irritation, thorn in one’s flesh, a source of displeasure isixoliso (UZL NC 5) apology isixu (UZL NC 5)/ ubuphixiphixi (UZL NC 8.2)/ umazishayemumvanaphambili (UZL NC 8.2)/ ubuxu / ubumbaxa (UZL NC 8.2) ambivalence, equivocation; obscurity, vagueness, abstruseness, ambiguity, doubtfulness, uncertainty; puzzle ,enigma isixuku / isiqhoqho (UZL NC 5)/ iqulu / iqoqo / idlanzi / idlanzana (UZL NC 2) crowd, gathering, throng, horde, mob, rabble, large number, mass, multitude, host, army, herd, flock, drove, swarm isixubho / isixhubhomazinyo (UZL NC 5) toothbrush (2) isixubho / isikhombubrashi scrubbing brush isixhanti / isixhobo / isixhoxho (UZL NC 5)/ inhlanganisela (UZL NC 6) system, complex, network, isixhobo / isixhoxho / isixhanti (UZL NC 5)/ inhlanganisela (UZL NC 6) system, complex, network, synthesis, combination synthesis, combination isixhoxho / isixhanti / isixhobo (UZL NC 5) synthesis, complex, complex isixhumo / isixhumi / isixhumiso (UZL NC 5) connector isixhwanguxhwangu / isigelekeqe / isigebengu (UZL NC 5) troublesome person, thief, violent character, ferocious personality isixhwala (UZL NC 5) terminally ill person, (2) deformed person isiyalo (UZL NC 5)/ amazwi-okwakha / amazwakhayo (UZL NC 7) advice, guidance, advising, counselling, counsel, help, direction, instruction, information, enlightenment; recommendations, guidelines, suggestions, hints, tips, pointers, ideas, opinions, views, facts, data isiyalelo (UZL NC 5)/ umuyalelo / umuyalezo / umuphako-wendlela (UZL NC 1.2) message, inspiration,
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stimulus, stimulation, motivation, motivating force, fillip, encouragement, influence, muse, goad, spur, lift, boost, incentive, incitement, impulse, catalyst, example, model, guiding light isiyingi (UZL NC 5)/ imbulunga (UZL NC 1.1)/ urawondi (UZL NC 1.1) round, circle iSiyoni / iSayoni (UZL NC 5) a member of the Zion Church, isiza (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlaba oklayiwe (UZL NC 1.2) plot, piece of land isizathu (UZL NC 5)/ imbangela (UZL NC 6)/ isiholelantweni (UZL NC 5)/ incazelo (UZL NC 6)/ isicaciso / isichachiso (UZL NC 5) reason, cause, grounds, ground, basis, rationale; motive, motivation, purpose, point, aim, intention, objective, goal, occasion, impetus, inducement, incentive; explanation, justification, case, argument isizenze / isikhali / isivikeli / isilimazi (UZL NC 5) weapon, defence, armament, weaponry isiziba (UZL NC 5) deep still water, the deep end, isizinda (UZL NC 5)/ inkambi (UZL NC 6)/ ikomukhulu (UZL NC 2) base, headquarters, centre, starting point, camp, site, station, settlement, post, establishment, base camp, depot; mission; site, facility, installation, yard isizotha (UZL NC 5)/ ukuzithoba / ukuhlonipha(UZL NC 4) calm, composure, coolness, calmness, selfpossession, serenity, tranquility, equanimity, stolidity, respect isizukulwane / khulukhulwane (UZL NC 5) generation, age, age group, peer group, cohort, stage of life. isiZulu (UZL NC 5) isiZulu language, isiZulu culture, (2) isiZulu (UZL NC 5)/ umuqombothi (UZL NC 1.2), (utshwala besiZulu) traditional ancestral beer, Zulu beer
isizumbulu (UZL NC 5)/ izizumbulu (UZL NC 9) / intilibathwa / intaba (UZL NC 6) lots, a large amount, a fair amount, a good/great deal, a deal, a great quantity, quantities, an abundance, a wealth, a profusion, plenty, masses hundreds, thousands, millions, billions isizungu (UZL NC 5)/ umuzwangedwa (UZL NC 1.2) loneliness, solitariness, solitude, lack of company, aloneness, separation, isolation, remoteness, inaccessibility, seclusion, secludedness; desertedness isizwe (UZL NC 5)/ umuphakathi (UZL NC 1.2)/ izwe (UZL NC 2)/ ubuzwe (UZL NC 8.2) nation, tribe, country, state, land, sovereign state, nation state, kingdom, empire, republic, polity, domain; people of a given nation or authority race, society, community, population, body politic, populace, public, realm, nationality osi… osibanibani / omuntakabani (UZL NC 8.1) the so-and-so, the children of who-is-who, the elite, the people in the top hierarchy of society, the rich and famous, the rich, the royal household, the famous osibalukhulu (UZL NC 8.1) people in authority e.g presidents, kings, ministers, chiefs, directors-general, governors of the reserve banks, mayors, municipal managers osisi / odade / odadewethu (UZL NC 8.1) sisters osindisiwe / okholwayo / okhethe uJesu (UZL NC 1.1) the born-again, the followers of Jesus Christ, the repented, the saved, the believer, the devotee of, adherent of, disciple of, follower of, supporter of, upholder of, worshipper in; convert, proselyte, neophyte osizayo / umusizi / umuncedi / umusebenzi wasendlini /
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umusebenzi wasekhaya (UZL NC 1.1) helper, assistant, professional house assistant (PHA), home science assistant, domestic worker (interior and exterior), (2) assistant, coworker, fellow worker, workmate, teammate, helpmate, helpmeet, associate, aider, aide, colleague, supporter, partner, collaborator, abetter; subordinate, deputy, auxiliary, second, second-incommand, number two, right-hand man, right-hand woman, wingman, attendant, junior, acolyte; accessory, usi… usiba / uphaphe (UZL NC 3) feather usiba (UZL NC 3)/ ipensela / ipeni (UZL NC 2)/ uphaphe (UZL NC 3) pen, an instrument for writing, ballpoint, ballpoint pencil usibali (UZL NC 1.1) brother-in-law, sister-in-law, an in-law usibanibani / umuntakabani (UZL NC 1.1) so-and-so, the elite, the chosen one, the one in the top of social hierarchy, the rich, the child of the royal household, the child of the rich and famous, the important person in society (sarcastic word for the elite) usihlalo / umuhlali-ngaphambili / umuphathi womuhlangano / umuphathi wohlelo / osesihlalweni / owengamele / owengamele umuhlangano (UZL NC 1.1) chairperson, chairman, chairwoman, president, convener, presiding officer, programme director usikilidi / ugwayi (UZL NC 1.1) cigarette, cigar usiko (UZL NC 3)/ isiko (UZL NC 2)/ indlelakuphila (UZL NC 6) (indlela yokuphila) culture, traditions, morals and value systems, the way of life, socialization, cultural practices, upbringing, family history, cultural background and orientation
usikhotheni / umalalepayipini (UZL NC 1.1) streetkid, homeless person (2) usikhotheni / umugulukudu / udlova / usiyayinyomfa (UZL NC 1.1) uncivilized person, wild person, unrestrained person, disruptor uSimakade / uSomandla / uJehova / uMninimandlonke / uNkulunkulu / uBaba osezulwini (UZL NC 1.1) almighty, God, all powerful God, all-powerful, omnipotent, supreme, most high, pre-eminent; invincible, unconquerable usimukanandwendwe / uthathekile (UZL NC 1.1) fallible person, gullible person usindiso / uphenduko / ukhethondlelabusha (UZL NC 3) / ukuphenduka (UZL NC 4) repenting, to be born again (the act of choosing Jesus Christ as one’s saver, Christianity, believer in Christ, Islam etc.) usinga (UZL NC 3)/ inkanuko (UZL NC 6) inspiration, urge, instinct, drive, compulsion, need, itch; whim, caprice, desire, fancy, notion.(2) spontaneity, impetuosity, wildness, rashness usizo / uncedo / ulekelelo / ufakosandla (UZL NC 3) /ukulekelela (UZL NC 4) help, aid, support, backing, encouragement, reinforcement, relief, intervention, cooperation, collaboration; a helping hand, a hand, a good turn, a favour, an act of kindness usizwile / umanalaphongikutshele / umuxovi (UZL NC 1.1)/ iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2) a person who thrives on hearsays, a rumourmonger, gossiper si… = Prefix = We (present and immediate past tense.e.g sibona izingane / we see children / …, Sithanda ukudla./ We love food. Sihambe kahle. / We travelled well.
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sibe / nxa / uma / nanoma / yize / nanxa (isihlanganiso / conjunction) when, whilst, if … e.g. Siye khona sibe sazi kahle ukuthi abekho. We went there when we knew very well that they were not there. sibekela / vala / mboza (isenzo / verb) close, cover, put something on top of, place something over, place under cover; protect, shield, shelter; envelop, enfold, engulf, enclose, bury, sika / hlinza (isenzo / verb) cut, gash, slash, lacerate, slit, pierce, penetrate, wound, injure; scratch, graze, nick, snick, notch, incise, score, lance. (2) sika / swenka / idal ingqephu (isenzo / verb) dress smart, wear designer clothes; design sikaza / ngabaza / nqikaza (isenzo / verb) be reluctant, be unwilling, be disinclined, scruple; have misgivings about, have qualms about, be ambivalent about, feel uneasy about (2) almost do something sikana (isenzo / verb) cut another (2) sikana / dlulana overtake sikela (isenzo / verb) cut for (2) dress up for sikelela / busisa (isenzo / verb) bless, ask for God’s favour, pray, say a benediction, invoke, call on, implore, appeal to, entreat, beseech, beg or plead for forgiveness, sikiza (isenzo / verb) walk in style sikwa (isenzo / verb) be cut (2) have labour pains, be about to give birth, have labour pangs, simama / sinda / lulama / iba ngcono (isenzo / verb) get better, recover, get well, healthier, fitter, get stronger, be less ill; get cured, get healed, Simi. / Simile. We are standing Simi la. / Simi lapha / Simi lana. We are standing here. Simi lapho. We are standing there., We are unfazed., We still maintain our original position.
sina / gida / giya / xhensa / dansa / gwaba (isenzo / verb) dance, do a traditional dance, do a Zulu dance, do a Xhosa dance, do an African dance, celebrate, rock, enjoy; move your body; shake your body sine… - We have… (non-human) e.g sinezinto / we have things sino… - We have … (human) e.g sinomuntu lapha / we have a person here sinda / lulama / simama / hlengeka (isenzo / verb) recover, recuperate, get better, get well, convalesce; regain one's good health, get stronger; respond to treatment sinda / hlengeka / phunyuka / phunyuka emulonyeni wengwenya (isenzo / verb) escape, get away, get out, run away, run off, break out, break free, get free, break loose (2) sinda / lulama / iba ngcono get well, recover (3) sinda / caka / bhanda / gcoba (isenzo / verb) smear, (sinda ngobulongwe phansi / use cow dung to quell dust) = cover thickly, smother, spread, smear, cake, coat, daub, bedaub, overlay, besmear. sindela (isenzo / verb) be saved because, be rescued because, escape as a result of, recover due to … sindelwa (isenzo / verb) have a feeling of heaviness, heaviness, clumsy, awkward, maladroit, unhandy, inept, unskillful, inexpert, graceless, ungraceful sindile / eqile / cishe wafa (isiphawulo / adjective) escaped, rescued, survived (2) sindile / ngcono / lulamile better, well, recovered sindisa / nyanga / yenza ngcono / lapha (isenzo / verb) heal, make better, make well, cure, treat successfully, restore to health, get someone back on their feet, put someone on the road to recovery; make good, mend, remedy, restore (2) aide
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sindiswa (isenzo / verb) be healed (2) be saved, be rescued Singa… We are …e.g singabantu abathanda umusa / We are people who cherish kindness, singathanda ukukuvakashela / We would like to visit you Singo… We are… Singomama abathanda ukuthandaza. / We are mothers who cherish prayer siphuzela standing up of hair Sithe … We said … sithela / casha / fihleka / nyamalala hide, siSithi … We say e.g. Sithi! “Mabafundiswe inhlonipho abantwana.” / We say; “Children must be taught respect.” Siya… We are … e.g Siyaya / We are going, Siyabonga / We thank you or thank you Siye … We went Siyo… We shall… e.g siyohamba naye / we shall go with her/him Sizo… We will… e.g Sizohamba / We will go aso aso of UZL 5 as in isalukazi (old woman) asobe / asoze / akusoze It will never be, It can never be, not at all, certainly not, not for a moment, not under/in any circumstances, under/in no circumstances, on no account; e.g. Asobe kwenzeke lokho. / That will never happen. eso… eso… (UZL NC 5 : UZL NC 8.1 only those with prefix vowel ‘o…’) It is for e.g. Esomama lesi isinkwa. / This bread is for women esokisini (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the sock esomisweni (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the drought esondweni (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the wheel
esontweni (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the church esonweni (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the sin esosweni (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the saucer iso… iso / ihlo (UZL NC 2) eye, (i) khipha iso = literal translation = plug out the eye = keep an eye, watch isobho (UZL NC 2)/ umusobho / umuhluzi (UZL NC 1.2) soup isoka (UZL NC 2)/ isiqonywane (UZL NC 5) a man who attracts women, a loveable man by women (2) a woman / girl / female fiancé, a boyfriend, a date isokisi (UZL NC 2) sock isolo (UZL NC 2)/ umuzanyana (UZL NC 1.2) placenta isolokohlo (UZL NC 2) never never land, unknown destination, disappear without trace isomiso (UZL NC 2)/ ukoma (UZL NC 4)/ indlala (UZL NC 6) drought, dry spell, dry period, lack of rain, shortage of water isono (UZL NC 2)/ ukonakala (UZL NC 4) sin, wrongdoing isondo (UZL NC 2) wheel isondlo (UZL NC 2) maintenance, child maintenance grant, spousal maintenance grant, isongo (UZL NC 2)/ usongo (UZL NC 3)/ izinzongo (UZL NC 9)/ukusongela / ukufungela (UZL NC 4) threat, threatening remark, warning, ultimatum, intimidating remark, commination, (threats) menaces, menacing. (2) danger, peril, hazard, menace, risk. (3) possibility, chance, probability, likelihood, risk, danger, peril, menace, fear, prospect. isongo / ibhengela (UZL NC 2) bracelet, bangle isongozo / isu / iqhinga (UZL NC 2)/ uhlelo / indlelakwenza (UZL NC 6) (indlela yokwenza) a plan, a
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scheme, plan, project, plan of action, programme, strategy, stratagem, game plan; enterprise, venture, measure, move, course of action, line of action; system, procedure, design, formula, recipe; device, tactic, contrivance; proposal, plot, ploy, proposition, suggestion, idea, blueprint intrigue, conspiracy, secret plan; ruse, stratagem isonto (UZL NC 2)/ inkonzo (UZL NC 6)/ icawe (UZL NC 2) church, place of God, (2) iSonto / Sunday isoso (UZL NC 2)/ ucengezi (UZL NC 3) saucer (2) isoso (UZL NC 2)/ umunikelo (UZL NC 1.2)/ isipho / isipheko (UZL NC 5) donation at church, donation during bereavement, gift, contribution, subscription, present, handout, grant, offering, gratuity, endowment; bestowal, giving; charity, benefaction, gift isosha / ibutho (UZL NC 2)/ umpini (UZL NC 1.1) soldier isoyi (UZL NC 2) sod-turning, oso… osomabhizinisi (UZL NC 8. 1) businessmen, businesswomen, entrepreneurs osondelene (UZL NC 1.1) the one close to osozimali / abanemali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicebi / izigwili (UZL NC 9) the monied, the rich, the wealthy, uso… uSodolobha (UZL NC 1.1)/ iMeya (UZL NC 6) the mayor, his worship the mayor, her worship the mayor, the first citizen of a municipal council uSojajijikelele (UZL NC 1.1) chief justice of the supreme court uSokwazi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isifundiswa (UZL NC 5) an academic with masters or honours degree who is also a lecturer, an academic, a junior academic, uSolomoni (UZL NC 1.1) Simon
usolomuzi (UZL NC 1.1) the one expected, ordained or legitimately expected to look after the family affairs, executor appointed by the deceased to distribute the estate and be empowered to resolve disputes usolulekomali / umululekingezimali (UZL NC 1.1) financial service provider, finance counselor, financial adviser uSolwazi (UZL NC 1.1) Professor, an academic, a lecturer at the university, an academically accomplished person, enlightened person, very educated person uSolwazijikelele(UZL NC 1.1) Professor, holder of the highest academic rank, Regius professor, emeritus professor, don, academic, full professor, uSolwazidokotela / uDokotela (UZL NC 1.1) academic doctor usomabhizinisi / umuhwebishishini / umakhimboni (UZL NC 1.1) a business dealer; an entrepreneur, an industrialist, a profit maker and risk taker (2) usomabhizinisi / usozimboni (UZL NC 1.1) businessman, businesswoman, entrepreneur, business person, business executive, enterpriser, speculator, tycoon, magnate; dealer, trader, buyer and seller, merchant; commercial intermediary, intermediary, middleman, promoter, impresario uSomehlo / UDokotela wamehlo (UZL NC 1.1) optometrist uSomuhlengi (UZL NC 1.1) An accomplished scholar in nursing, an academic nurse, a lecturer of nursing uSomuhlinzijikelele (UZL NC 1.1) Chief Surgeon, Head of Surgery uSomulomo (UZL NC 1.1) the Honourable Speaker of Parliament, the Honourable Speaker of the provincial legislature, the
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Honourable Speaker of a municipal council uSompilo (UZL NC 1.1) chief health inspector, uSompilobantwana (UZL NC 1.1) Doctor of Children, Specialist in Children Health uSompilojikelele (UZL NC 1.1) the head of health affairs, the DirectorGeneral: Health, health inspector general , chief health inspector, an accomplished Doctor of Medicine usonginja (UZL NC 1.1) a grey rough blanket; a rug; a dog rug usosiba (UZL NC 1.1) an accomplished writer, author, the one committed to documenting, writing or storing information (2) secretary, uSosibajikelele (UZL NC 1.1) Secretary- General uSosiswebhu (UZL NC 1.1) chief whip of parliament, whip, whip of the provincial legislature, chief whip of the municipal council uSosobala / uHodoba (UZL NC 1.1) an accomplished traditional medicinal person uSozimali (UZL NC 1.1) a monied person, a millionaire, a billionaire, a trillionaire, so… so…-/ Siyo… We (future tense) soba … / siyoba we will be…, we shall be… Soba nayo nathi imali. / We shall also have money. Sobabili. The two of us. sobona / Siyo… we will… ; we shall … e.g. Sobonana eGoli. Or Siyobonana eGoli. / We shall see each other in Johannesburg. ; We shall meet in Johannesburg. soboza / hlafuna (isenzo / verb) chew soka / soma (isenzo / verb) circumcise sokola / hlupheka / eswela / cwila ezikweletini (isenzo / verb) be poverty-
stricken, be poor, impoverished, be needy; be penurious, be indigent sola / gxeka / beka amabala (isenzo / verb) criticize, find fault with, censure, denounce, condemn, arraign, attack, lambaste, vilify (2) sola / hlawumbisela / dlinza (isenzo / verb) suspect, conjecture, sermise solana / gxekana / bhekanani amabala / bekanani amabala (isenzo / verb) criticize each other solela / dlinzekela / nuka (isenzo / verb) suspect towards, have suspicions on, allege solile (isiphawulo / adjective) suspected solisa (isenzo / verb) be suspicious, have suspicious behaviour solwa (isenzo / verb) be suspected solwe suspected by others sombuluka / swabuluka / vuka (isenzo / verb) wake up, rise up; be awake, get up, come alive, show signs of life sombulula / xazulula (isenzo / verb) solve, resolve, fathom, decipher, decode sondela / iza (isenzo / verb) come closer, move nearer, move closer, approach, advance, near, draw nigh, draw closer, draw nearer sondelanani come closer together sondele (isiphawulo / adjective) closer, came closer sondelile (isiphawulo / adjective) came closer sondeza / zisa (isenzo / verb) bring closer, put forward sondeze (isiphawulo / adjective) brought closer sondezwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be brought sondezwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been brought songa / goqa / fongqa / fingqa / qeda (isenzo / verb) wrap up, conclude, finish, end, bring to an end, bring to a close, bring to a conclusion, round off, terminate, stop, cease, finalize, complete, settle, tie up, put the finishing touches to (2) songa / phetha muffle, cloak, enfold,
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envelop, encase, enclose, cover, fold, wind (3) songa / goqa / hloniphisa parcel up, parcel, package, pack, pack up, bundle, bundle up, do up, tie up, gift-wrap. songela (isenzo / verb) wrap for (2) songela / fungela / akha uzungu conspire, connive, scheme, plot songisa (isenzo / verb) aid someone to wrap (2) plot with someone against songoza / sungula (isenzo / verb) initiate, create, invent sonta / khonza (isenzo / verb) worship, revere, praise (2) sonta / jwija / voca twist, squeeze sontisa (isenzo / verb) conduct a sermon, preach esu… esudwini (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the suite isu… isu / iqhinga (UZL NC 2)/ umuqondo (UZL NC 1.2) a game plan, a plot, a tactic, a scheme, procedure, technique, system, practice, routine, modus operandi, method of working, formula, process, means, medium, mechanism; tack, approach, way, line, course of action, route, road; strategy, tactic, plan, recipe, rule.(a) isu elihle / iswelihle / ukuhleleka = great idea, order, orderliness, organization, arrangement, structure, form, system, logic, planning, plan, design, purpose, pattern, routine, discipline (2) isu (UZL NC 2)/ (ingane yomfazi ephilayo neseyashona) the living and deceased or living child of a woman {amasu = the living and dead children of a woman} isudi (UZL NC 6) suit, outfit, set of clothes, costume, ensemble; clothing, dress, attire, finery; habit, garb, livery, a set of clothing
isukangihlale / insukangihlale (UZL NC 6)/ umonase (UZL NC 1.1) jealous person, envious person, iSulumani (UZL NC 2) a person of Muslim faith, a Muslim, a person of Islamic faith, an Islam isundu (UZL NC 2) fruit of the palm tree osukwini (undaweni / locative) at / to / from / in the day usu... (Second person singular) used to ask a question; e.g. “Usufikile na? / Have you arrived yet? Usuhambile yini? / Have you left? Usukaphi? Where are you coming from? usuku (UZL NC 3)/ ilanga (UZL NC 2)/ imini (UZL NC 6) day, twenty-four-hour period, full day, twenty-four hours, working day(2) Kumele usebenzise usuku ukufunda, ulale ebusuku / You should utilize the daytime for studying and use the evening for sleeping = daytime, daylight, daylight hours, hours of light, hours of sunlight, broad daylight, waking hours, the waking day (3) Omunye wezingwazi zezinsuku zakudala / He is one of the champions of the bygone = period, time, point in time, age, era, epoch, generation. (4) Wayemuhle ngezinsuku zakhe / She was beautiful during her days = heyday, prime, hour, time, best days, best years, maturity; peak, pinnacle, height, zenith, ascendancy; youth, vigour, springtime, salad days, full flowering, bloom Usukuphi? Where are about are you? Usungakuphi? From which direction are you?; By which place are you? Usukulungele… You are ready to or for…, usulo (UZL NC 3)/ ukwesula (UZL NC 4) resignation
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usungulo (UZL NC 3)/ inaliti (UZL NC 6) needle, indicator, pointer, marker, arrow, hand, stylus. usungulo (UZL NC 3)/ insungulo (UZL NC 6)/ umusungulo (UZL NC 1.2)/ uqambo (UZL NC 3) invention, origination, creation, innovation, devising, contriving, contrivance, formulation, development, design; conception, masterminding, pioneering, introduction; discovery, finding (2) inventiveness, originality, creativity, creativeness, imagination, imaginativeness, inspiration; ingenuity, ingeniousness, resourcefulness, initiative, enterprise; genius, brilliance, vision (3) neated work, handcraft Usutheni na? What have you said? Usuthini manje? What are you saying now? Usuthi. You are full. ; You have had enough. uSuthu (UZL NC 3) Zulu King Cetshwayo’s district su… subatha / gijima / baleka / phuthuma (isenzo / verb) run, sprint, race, dart, rush, dash, hasten, hurry, scurry, scuttle, scamper, hare, bolt, bound, fly, gallop,(2) flee, run away, run off, suce / bhuqe (isenzukuthi / ideophone) very (dark), darkest, very black = umunyama suce / She is very dark or black (*** This word and its synonym is only applied on dark or black and never on white or brighter colours) sucula / sucuza / gudluza / sunduza (isenzo / verb) terminate, eliminate, remove, get rid of, abolish, put an end to, do away with, banish; end, stop, terminate, eradicate, destroy, stamp out, wipe out, extinguish, quash, finish off suka / gudluka / qhela / thutha (isenzo / verb) move, shift, make a move,
relocate, go, walk, proceed, progress, advance, pass; shift, change position, make a move sukela / casula / qala provoke, arouse, produce, evoke e.g Musani ukumusukela. / Don’t provoke him. = goad, spur, prick, sting, prod (3) Musukeleni. / Chase him. sukelwa / jahwa (isenzo / verb) be chased; be followed (2) be framed; be accused of a crime one has not committed. sukuma / ima (isenzo / verb) stand up, stand, rise up, be on your feet, be erect, (2) sukuma umele iqiniso / stand up for truth = be principled, moral, be ethical, take a moral standing; stand for good, be virtuous (3) Sukuma ukuze uphephise izizukulwane / Stand up in order to save generations = take a stand; fight; be courageous; open up; speak out sukumela / phakamela (isenzo / verb) stand up for, rise up for (2) entertain, spoil, amuse, divert, distract, delight, please, charm, cheer, beguile, interest, fascinate sukumisa / phakamisa / ncoma (isenzo / verb) rise, raise, (2) suggest, recommend, nominate, propose, sula / hlanza / klina / dasida / korobha (isenzo / verb) wipe, rub, clean, mop, sponge, swab; dry, polish sulela / gulisa / chaphazela / thelela / phacazela (isenzo / verb) wipe for (2) pass on, infect, pass infection to, transmit infection to, spread disease to, contaminate; cause infection in, cause disease in. (2) Sulela amagciwane ekudleni / contaminate food = contaminate, pollute, make impure, taint, poison(3) Isenzo sakhe esihle siyasulela / her goods deeds influence us to do like wise to others = affect, have an effect on, influence, have an impact on, impact on, encourage
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suleka / caca / khanya (isenzo / verb) be smooth, sleek, smooth, glossy, shiny, shining, gleaming, lustrous, silken, silky, satiny, velvety, sheeny; well brushed, polished, burnished. sulisisa / colisisa / hlanzisisa (isenzo / verb) wipe thoroughly, clean thoroughly, polish thoroughly, suliwe withdrawn, dismissed sulubeza / nhlanhlathisa / khohlisa (isenzo / verb) distract, divert, deflect, sidetrack, turn aside/away, draw away; disturb, put off, cause to lose concentration, deceive, mislead, misrepresent sulwa (isenzo / verb) be wiped, be deleted, be withdrawn sunduka / sunduza / gudluka / hlehla/ hlehlisa / susa / qhelisa (isenzo / verb) shift a bit, shift, push aside, shove, (2) remove, detach, unfasten, separate; pull out, take out, disconnect sungula / qamba (isenzo / verb) create, originate, invent, originate; create; initiate,, conceive, design, concoct, contrive, generate, engender, produce, discover, set in motion, set up, put in place, inaugurate, launch, mastermind, pioneer, introduce, establish, institute, bring about, found, sungulela invest for, create for sungulile invented, made, created, invented sungulisa enable one to create suphula / sumpula / bhongcula / dunsula / khipha (isenzo / verb) unplug, take out, draw, pull out, draw out, bring out, get out sutha / gcwala (isenzo / verb) be full, be filled up, have too much food, feel bloated suza / shipa / inya (isenzo / verb) emit wind from the anus, fart suzela / shiphela / nyela (isenzo / verb) fart at …, (check suza above)
suzelwa (isenzo / verb) be stung, e.g usuzelwa izinyosi / She /He is being stung by bees = prick, wound, injure, hurt; bite, nip, penetrate; poison; urticate.
…sh…
Isha… isha (isenzo / verb) burn ishabhu (UZL NC 2) / inkundlasebenzo (UZL NC 6) workshop, factory, works, plant; shop, industrial unit, business unit; garage, workroom, studio, atelier. ishadi (UZL NC 2)/ ishadimudwebo (UZL NC 2) chart, graph, table, tabulation, grid, histogram, diagram, guide, scheme, figure, illustration ishafu / ikheshi (UZL NC 2) shaft, lift, elevator, hoist ishaka (UZL NC 2)/ isigaxa (UZL NC 5) a cyst, still-born; growth, abscess, boil, blister, foetus, embryo, fertilized egg ishaladi (UZL NC 2) (ishaladi lezinyoka) / ugaligi (UZL NC 1.1) shallot, garlic ishanda (UZL NC 2)/ umubandamu (UZL NC 1.2)/ isibazi (UZL NC 5) hairless spot on the head, ringworm ishansi (UZL NC 6)/ ithuba (UZL NC 2)/ isikhathi / isikhashana (UZL NC 5)/ umuzuzu / umuzuzwana (UZL NC 1.2) chance, opportunity, minute, second, opening, occasion, turn, time, moment, prospect, (2) chances = risk, gamble, hazard, venture, speculation ishaqa / iqulu (UZL NC 2) score, crowd, throng, horde, mob, rabble, large number, mass, multitude, host ishashazi / ishashalazi (UZL NC 2)/ isigange (UZL NC 5) spot, grassland, flatland, open land, land with no trees, lowland, pasture, meadowland, open country, cleared and flat piece of land ishathi / iphosta (UZL NC 2) reading chart, a poster (2) ishathi (UZL NC 2)/
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isibhakabhaka (UZL NC 5)/ izulu (UZL NC 2) sky ishayamoya (UZL NC 2) a cool place, a tranquil place, a peaceful place ishayamoya / ihhulamoya / iqondisamoya (UZL NC 2) / ishweza (UZL NC 6) air-conditioner, breeze usha… usha / ulusha (UZL NC 3)/ intsha (UZL NC 6) the youth, the young people, the future leadership, the young adults, the older children ushaba (UZL NC 3)/ ubutatata (UZL NC 8.2)/ amatwetwe (UZL NC 7)/ ukutatazela (UZL NC 4) fidget, twitch, wriggle, squirm, jiggle, shuffle, tic, spasm, shudder (2) restlessness, nervousness, fidgetiness, unease, uneasiness (2) ushaba / utatata / utwetwetwe (UZL NC 1.1) restless person, bundle of nerves ushaka (UZL NC 1.1) the shark, a shark ushampeni (UZL NC 1.1)/ ingqwele (UZL NC 6)/ umakhonya (UZL NC 1.1) champion, victor, winner, title-holder, prizewinner, cup winner, victor, conqueror (2) ushampeni wezinguquko / a champion of change = advocate, proponent, promoter, proposer, supporter, standard-bearer, torch-bearer, defender, protector, backer, patron ushatini (UZL NC 1.1) chutney (***made of tomato, onion, chillie pepper, cooking oil, salt and sugar as basic ingredients) ushazi / unyazi (UZL NC 3) something that moves quickly and disappears, swift, lightning strike, lightning (2) swiftness; rapidity shabalala / nyamalala / jubalala (isenzo / verb) disappear, vanish, pass from sight, vanish; dissipate, wane; evaporate (2) die out, die, become extinct, cease to exist, pass into oblivion, expire, perish, wither away
shabasheka / khwishiza / khuthalela / iba nomudlandla (isenzo / verb) be enthusiastic, be eager, be keen, be avid, be ardent, be energetic, be zealous, be vivacious shada / gcagca / gana / thatha (isenzo / verb) marry, get married, be married, wed, tie a knot shadela get married to shadisa / gcagcisa / ganisa (isenzo / verb) join, join together, unite, ally, merge, enable tieing of a knot, (2) shadisa / hlanganisa unify, amalgamate, combine, affiliate, associate, link, connect, fuse, couple. shadiswa be made to marry shadwa be married shakaza / thengisa / hweba (isenzo / verb) trade in, sell, deal in, be in the business of, traffic in, stock, carry, offer for sale, handle, peddle, hawk, retail, market, advertise, promote shalaza / balekela / ncisha amehlo (isenzo / verb) avoid, evade, dodge, sidestep, skirt round, bypass; escape, run away from, duck, get out of the way shalazela (isenzo / verb) avoid something or someone shaluza / gcaluza / gcogcoma / ehla wenyuka / gqigqa (isenzo / verb) go up and down, move above and about, shampuza / shona le nale / gwajazela / shona uvumbuka (isenzo / verb) prevaricate, be evasive, be noncommittal, equivocate, be vague, be ambiguous, be on the fence shanela (isenzo / verb) sweep, brush, clean, scrub, remove, wash away, expel, dispose of, eliminate, get rid of; brush, clear, whisk shaqa / tapuna / thapuna (isenzo / verb) amass, gather, collect, assemble; accumulate, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, run up, scrape together shaqa (isenzo / verb) deaden, cause to be numb, deprive of sensation, benumb,
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desensitize, render insensitive, make dull shaqeka / thuka / mangala (isenzo: isiphawulo / verb: adjective) be shocked, be appalled, horrified, be numb; feel scandalized, feel outrageous, shaqisa (isenzo / verb) shocking, shaya / bhamba (isenzo / verb) beat, hit, strike, batter, thump, hammer, punch, knock, thrash, pound, slap, smack, crack , assault (2) shaya, ngqubuza collide, hit, go head to head shayana / phikisana / qhudelana (isenzo / verb) hit one another, bump one another (2) imiqondo iyayishayisana / the views are contradicting each other = contradict, negate, in disagreement with, deny, refute, rebut, dispute, counter; say the opposite of, negate one another shayanisa / phikisanisa / qhudelanisa (isenzo / verb) compare, set side by side, juxtapose; measure against; distinguish from, differentiate from, draw a distinction between. shayeka / ngqubuzeka (isenzo / verb) be hit, be stricken, be affected, be impacted negatively upon, shayela / qhuba / drayiva (isenzo / verb) drive, operate, pilot, steer, handle, manage; guide, direct, navigate (2) uThoko ushayela umungani wakhe ucingo / Thoko is dialing the phone = dial, telephone, phone, phone up, call, call up; strike shayela /nqonqotha / nqonqothela (isenzo / verb) nail, hammer, fasten, attach, fix, affix, secure, tack, shayisa / ngqubuzana (isenzo / verb) collide with, knock, bump into, bang into, knock against, hit, run over, strike, be in collision with, run into, crash into, smash into, plough into, slam into (2) shayisa / khumuka / phuma (isenzo / verb) knock off; leave;
stop working; retire to your home; end of school or work day ishazi (UZL NC 2)/ umubani (UZL NC 1.2) lightening strike (2) ishazi / ishade (UZL NC 2)spot, blemish eshe… eshethini to / in / from / at the shirt ishe.. isheke (UZL NC 2) cheque isheni (UZL NC 2)/ ucu (UZL NC 3)/ umugexo (UZL NC 1.2) necklace isheni / iketanga (UZL NC 2)/ uzankosi (UZL NC 1.1) chain, shackle, handcuff, leg iron, bracelet ishende (UZL NC 2)/ umakhwapheni / ukhwapheni (UZL NC 1.1) secret lover, a concealed romantic partner ishethi / ihembe (UZL NC 2) shirt, oshe… osheleni (UZL NC 8.1) ten cents (*** plural , singular ten cent) ushe… usheleni (UZL NC 1.1) 10c, 10 cents, cheap, affordable ushevu (UZL NC 1.1)/ ubutha (UZL NC 8.2)/ idliso (UZL NC 2) poison; toxin; she… sheba / shebanisa / xuba / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) uUsheba uphuthu nenyama / He is simultaneously eating phuthu and meat = simultaneously, concomitantly, mixing, mix and eat, blend and eat, combine and eat, put together, stir, jumble (2) connect, mix and match; coalesce, amalgamate, incorporate, homogenize, intermingle, intermix, hybridize, shuffle shefa / phuca / gunda (isenzo / verb) shave, cut off, snip off; crop, trim, barber, tonsure, remove unwanted hair
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shela / funa / nxenxa (isenzo / verb) date, court, woo, go out with, be involved with, be romantically linked with, pursue, run after, chase, seek the company of, make advances to, make up to, flirt with shelela (isenzo / verb) court someone on behalf of another (2) shelela / shibilika / qhuzuka (isenzo / verb) slide, skid, slither, glide; fall over, fall, lose one's balance, lose/miss one's footing, stumble, tumble, trip, slip shelwa (isenzo / verb) be courted, be persuaded, be approached, shenxa / hlehla / gudluka (isenzo / verb) shift, move, give way shesha / phuthuma / khawuleza / sheshisa (isenzo / verb) be quick, be swift, act fast, do quickly ishi… ishidi (UZL NC 2)/ uyaba (UZL NC 3) a sheet, bedding underwear, bed linen, linen (2) piece of paper, leaf, page(3) layer, stratum, covering, blanket, coating, coat, overlay, lamina, lamination, veneer, film, skin, membrane. (4) Ishidi elilodwa likathayela. / One sheet of corrugated iron = piece, pane, panel, slice, plate ishishini (UZL NC 5)/ uhwebo (UZL NC 3)/ ibhizinisi (UZL NC 2) a business; trade; business venture (see ushishini below) oshi… oshibhile (UZL NC 1.1) the cheap one e.g. ubhanana oshibhile. / A cheap banana oshimula (UZL NC 8.1) chimmeys, smokestacks ushi… ushimula (UZL NC 1.1) chimney , smokestack ushingamu (UZL NC 1.1) checwing-gum ushingana (UZL NC 3)/ ingxibongo (UZL NC 6)/ upokisi (UZL NC 1.1) smallpox
ushisanyama (UZL NC 2) braai; the roasting of meat on coal or fire ushingili (UZL NC 3)/ ibhande (UZL NC 2)/ ubhici (UZL NC 3) shingles ushintsho (UZL NC 3)/ uguquko (UZL NC 3)/ izinguquko (UZL NC 9)/ ukwebuza (UZL NC 4) change, alteration, modification, variation, conversion, revision, amendment, adjustment, adaptation; reshaping, remoulding, redoing, reconstruction, rebuilding, recasting, reorganization, rearrangement, reordering, reshuffling, restyling, rejigging, reworking, renewal, renewing, revamping, renovation, remaking; metamorphosis, transformation, transfiguration, translation, evolution, mutation, transmogrification ushintshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ imalibuyela (UZL NC 6)/ uhlwezomali (UZL NC 3)/ ukheshi (UZL NC 1.1) (imali ebuyayo) change; balance; outstanding money due to the payer; return, SARS returns, money due to you from SARS; (2) ushintshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ uhlweza (UZL NC 3)/ izindibilishi (UZL NC 9) change, coins, loose change, small change, cash, petty cash, coinage, coin, coin of the realm, silver, copper, coppers, gold coins ushintshiswano (UZL NC 3) swap, exchange, interchange, substitution, switch, commutation, conversion, replacement, rotation, alternation, transposition; trade, barter, bartering ushishini (UZL NC 3)/ ishishini (UZL NC 2)/ uhwebomali (UZL NC 3)/ uhweboshisha (UZL NC 3) enterprise; entrepreneurship; profit driven business enterprise; risk and profit business venture ushizi (UZL NC 1.1) cheese shi… shibilika / shelela / qhuzuka (isenzo / verb) slip, slide, skid, slither, glide; fall
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over, fall, lose one's balance, lose/miss one's footing, stumble, tumble, trip. shibilikile slipped shibilisa …slippery, causing slippery shibilikiswe made to slip by shibha / titiliza (isenzo / verb) be cheap, inexpensive, be low-priced, be sold at low-price, make it like a give away, be bargain price , half-price, saleprice, sale, sell at reduced price, on special offer, marked down, discounted, (2) Ugqoka izingubo ezishibhile / He wears cheap clothes = poor-quality, second-rate, third-rate, substandard, low-grade, inferior, common, shoddy, cheap and of inferior quality (3) inkulumo eshibhile / cheap talk = senseless talk, despicable, contemptible, low, base, immoral, unscrupulous, unprincipled, distasteful, unpleasant, mean, shabby talk (4) Ucabanga ukuthi ngishibhu. / S/He thinks I’m cheap = lack dignity and stature ; ashamed, embarrassed, humiliated, mortified, abashed, debased, degraded. shibhisa / ehlisa / ehlisa-intengo / enza-ithengeke (isenzo / verb) make cheap, sell it below value, be competitive, make it affordable, give discount shiceka / qopha / gxiviza (isenzo / verb) print, imprint, impress, stamp, mark, brand, punch, inscribe, engrave, chase, etch, carve, de-boss, emboss. shicilela (isenzo / verb) publish, issue, bring out, produce, print, publicize, bring to public announce, report, declare, post, communicate, herald (2) shicilela / bhala (isenzo / verb)write, document; pen down; put it in writting shikashika / shukashuka (isenzo / verb) work laboriously, work hard; have difficulty doing and finishing (2) be laboured, be strained, be overdone,
overwrought, heavy, ponderous, convoluted, not fluent; intricate, ornate, prolix. shikila / shiya phansi / duba (isenzo / verb) turn away, walk away, abandon, renounce, relinquish, desert, vacate (2) display one’s buttocks, dance using one’s buttocks shikilisa / shibulisa / tibulisa (isenzo / verb) causing difficulty shinga / delela / ona / mosha (isenzo / verb) do wrong, malign, misrepresent, do a disservice to, commit an injustice, dishonour, impugn, vilify, defame, slander, insult; mistreat, do wrong to, abuse, maltreat, ill-treat, harm, hurt, injure, do injury to, offend, be insensitive shingila / duba (isenzo / verb) boycott, spurn, snub, give cold-shoulder, shun, avoid, veto, bar, abstain from, stay away from, steer clear of, refuse to take part in, turn one's back on, have nothing to do with, wash one's hands of; ban, reject, embargo, prohibit, debar, outlaw, proscribe, interdict, blacklist shintsha / guquka / hluba (isenzo / verb) change, alter, make different, become different, undergo a change, make alterations to, adjust, make adjustments to, adapt, turn, amend, improve, modify, convert, revise, recast, reform, reshape, refashion, redesign, restyle, revamp, rework, permute, remake, remodel, redo, reconstruct, reorganize, reorder, refine, reorient, vary, transform, transfigure, transmute, metamorphose, evolve; customize, tailor shintshanisa / shintshanisani / nikanikanani (isenzo / verb) swap, exchange, interchange, substitute, switch, commute, convert, replace, rotate, alternate, transpose; trade, barter
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shiqeka / fuqeka / shuqeka (isenzo / verb) ram in, push in, shove, thrust, propel, impel; send, press, drive, plunge, stick, force, shoot, ram, bump, knock, strike, hit, jolt, butt, prod, poke, nudge, elbow, shoulder; bulldoze, sweep, jostle, bundle, hustle, hurry, rush, manhandle shisa / vuthisa (isenzo / verb) burn, setalight, heat (2) shisa / fudumala/ vutha (isenzo / verb) heat, be hot, become hot, become warm, grow hot, grow warm, become hotter, become warmer, get hotter, get warmer, increase in temperature, rise in temperature; informal hot up e.g Uyashisa bhe / He is very hot = impassioned, excited, animated, passionate, vehement; angry, enraged, annoyed (3)shisa / balela / simo-zinga-kushisa kwezulu be sunny, wrather temperature shiseka / thinteka /hlupheka / xakeka (isenzo / verb) be bothered, worried, be harassed, inconvenienced, be troubled shisela (isenzo / verb) burn for, weld (2) shisela / ceba / mpimpa report, tell on, whistle blow, snitch, inform on someone (3) shisela / namathisela / khanda weld, fuse, unite, bond, connect, stick, join, link, attach, bind, seal, amalgamate, knit, splice, meld, melt, blend, solder, cement, glue, gum, paste shiseleka / vuka usinga / isha ngaphakathi / iba nentshiseleko (isenzo / verb) be provoked, arouse, produce, evoke, cause, give rise to, occasion, call forth, draw forth, elicit, induce, inspire, excite, spark off, touch off, kindle, generate, engender, instigate, result in, lead to, bring on, contribute to, make for, foster, promote, breed, precipitate, prompt, trigger shishiliza (isenzo / verb) slide, glide
isho… isho / shono / ithi / khuluma / beka (isenzo / verb) say, speak, speak, utter, voice, pronounce, give utterance to, give voice to, vocalize, note, pronounce, mention, remark, reply, respond ishoba (UZL NC 2) bushy tail, horse tail, traditional leaders stick with bushy or horse tail ishodi / ishobashoba / isishoshoba (UZL NC 2) length of distance, the distance of shoot in sports or in throwing something; a distance between the starting point and ending point isholi (UZL NC 6) shawl ishongololo / isongololo (UZL NC 2) millipede (2) curl, curly thing ishongwe (UZL NC 2) milk-shrub ishoshozela (UZL NC 2) impetuous person; zealous person, (2) inciting person, a mob psychology generator; a person with the ability to stir up, whip up, work up, arouse, encourage, fan the flames of, stoke up, fuel, kindle, ignite, inflame, stimulate, instigate, provoke, excite, awaken, waken, inspire, trigger, spark off, ferment or foment people’s emotions usho… ushobishobi / unoshobishobi (UZL NC 1.1) tadpole ushodi (UZL NC 1.1)/ umusilela (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukusilela (UZL NC 4) (ukungahlanganikwezimali) deficit, shortfall, deficiency, shortage, undersupply, slippage; indebtedness, debt, arrears; minus amount, negative amount, loss (2) ushodi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukuntuleka (UZL NC 4) lack of, scarcity, inadequacy, shortness, deprivation, destitution, privation, famine, drought, poverty, non-existence, rareness, infrequency, ushodo (UZL NC 3) dark-blue colour
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ushokhi (UZL NC 1.1 ) chalk ushomi / umungane / ubhululu (UZL NC 1.1 ) chum, ally, companion, boon companion, bosom friend, best friend, close friend, intimate, confidante, confidant, familiar, soul mate, playmate, playfellow, classmate, schoolmate, workmate, ally, comrade ushovoshovo (UZL NC 3) cycling ushoniso (UZL NC 3)/ umashonisa (UZL NC 1.1) high-risk especially in financial and investment space, hazardous, perilous, unsafe, insecure lending, exposed financial assets and instruments, defenseless, precarious, touch-and-go, tricky, (2) dangerous, fraught with danger, treacherous; uncertain, unpredictable, speculative ushono (UZL NC 3)/ ulahlekelo / ulahleko / ubhuqeko-phansi (UZL NC 3) bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, financial failure, financial ruin, ruination, debt, indebtedness, penury, beggary shoda / hluleka ukuhlanganisa (isenzo / verb) be short of, have under supply of, be deficient in, be lacking in, be low on, be short on, have insufficient something shodelwa (isenzo / verb) be short of, lack something shodile / mangazile (isiphawulo / adjective) be lacking of something, lack something shodisa / nciphisa (isenzo / verb) lessen something, underestimate, underrate, misjudge, miscalculate as to be short of shodiswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be short of because of shokha / mangaza (isenzo / verb) be the one who causes shock, be the one who is a cause of surprise, shokheka / mangazeka (isenzo / verb) being shocked by something or someone
shokhile / mangazile (isiphawulo / adjective) shocked, surprised shokhisa (isenzo / verb) cause a shock shokhiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) shocked by someone shokhwa / mangazwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be shocked by, be surprised by shona / cwila / gwiliza (isenzo / verb) sink, become submerged, be engulfed, go down, drop, fall, (2) die, (3) deteriorate shona / shonile / julile (isiphawulo / adjective) deep, extensive, in depth shonisa (isenzo / verb) having a financial risk, having no returns or benefits; insecure financial space shoniswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be pulled into the depths by something, be indepted because of something, be drowned by something shoshobala / gqingqeka (isenzo / verb) be stunted in growth shosholoza / shwibeka (isenzo / verb) move swiftly; move without stopping until disappearance shoshozela / ntshontshozela / qaqamba / buhlungu / ncinza (isiphawulo / adjective) be aching, be painful, be stinging, be burning, be smarting, be sore shova (isenzo / verb) cycle (2) shuffle as in shuffling playing cards shovashova (isenzo / verb) cycle repeatedly as in cycling a bicycle shovela (isenzo / verb) shove for someone shovisa (isenzo / verb) shove like something or someone ishu… ishubhu (UZL NC 2) tube ishumi / irandi (UZL NC 2) R1, 10, ten, one rand (a) ishumi lamarandi = R100, (b) inkulungwane yamarandi = R1000 ushukela (UZL NC 1.1)/ isincinti (UZL NC 5) sugar shuba (isenzo / verb) thicken, solidify
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shubela (isenzo / verb) thicken for, solidify for shubile (isiphawulo / adjective) thick, solid shubisa (isenzo / verb) make thick, dense, heavy, opaque, soupy, murky, smoggy, impenetrable; concentrated, condensed, of high density shuda / khiya (isenzo / verb) lock shudela / khiyela (isenzo / verb) lock for, lock someone or something, lock something away shuka (isenzo / verb) rub shukashuka (isenzo / verb) rub repeatedly shukela (isenzo / verb) rub for shukile rubbed shukisa (isenzo / verb) aid someone to rub, rub like shukisisa (isenzo / verb) rub thoroughly shukumisa (isenzo / verb) arouse shukusha (isenzo / verb) rub repeatedly, scrub shumayela / dumisa / yala / qhuba ivangeli (isenzo / verb) preach, give a sermon, deliver a sermon, sermonize, gospelise, evangelize, address, speak, lecture, be moralistic, pontificate, harangue shuna / cwala / coca / lolonga (isenzo / verb) refine, perfect, purify, clarify, clear, cleanse, strain, sift, filter, rarefy, distil, concentrate, process, treat (2) shuna / lungisa / qondisa / thuthukisa / enza ngcono improve, perfect, polish (up), hone, temper, fine-tune, elaborate, touch up, revise, edit, copy-edit; complete, finish, finish off, put the final touches to, crown, consummate shunisisa / lolongisissa / cwalisisisa / lungisisa / qondisisa / benyezelisisa (isenzo / verb) refine thoroughly shuqula (isenzo / verb) wrap or cover one’s head shusha / xina (isenzo / verb) put pressure, pressure, coerce, pressurize, press, push, persuade, influence, force,
squeeze, harass, nag, goad, prod, pester, intimidate, shushisa / cindezela ngecala (isenzo / verb) prosecute; take to court; accuse; lay charges shushuza / shushuzela / thuthuzela /mbambatha / lalisa / thulisa (isenzo / verb) hug, embrace, clasp, hold tight, hold in one's arms, caress, pet, fondle shutha / thwebula (isenzo / verb) shoot, photograph, film, take a snap-shot, get a picture shutheka / faka / ngenisa (isenzo / verb) insert, put, place, press, push, thrust, slide, slip, load, fit, position, slot, lodge, install shuthekela (isenzo / verb) insert for shuthekile / phakathi / ntshi(isiphawulo / adjective) inserted, in, inside
…shw…
Ishwa… ishwa / ibhadi (UZL NC 2)/ isinyama / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) misfortune, problem, difficulty, issue, trouble, setback, reverse, adversity, misadventure, mishap, stroke of bad luck, blow, failure, accident, disaster, tragedy, affliction, sorrow, misery, woe, calamity, tribulation, catastrophe, trial ushwa… ushwabulo / ukhonondo / uqalekiso / uthemelezo (UZL NC 2)/ inkonondo (UZL NC 6)/ isiqalekiso (UZL NC 5) / ukushwabula / ukukhononda / ukuqalekisa / ukuthemeleza (UZL NC 4) denouncement, complain, condemnation, criticism, censure, castigation, denunciation, vituperation, abuse, flak, defamation, denigration, disparagement, obloquy, opprobrium, derogation, slander, revilement, reviling, calumny, calumniation, execration,
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excoriation, lambasting, upbraiding, a bad press, character assassination, attack, invective, libel, insults, aspersions ushwashwado (UZL NC 3) mumbling; groaning; whining shwa… shwabana /mfonyoza (isenzo / verb) shrink, be creased, be wrinkled shwabene (isiphawulo / adjective) shrinked, wrinkled shwabanisa / mfonyozisa (isenzo / verb) wrinkle, crease, crumble shwabaniswa (isiphawulo / adjective) being wrinkled by shwabaniswe (isiphawulo / adjective) wrinkled by shwama / mangala / khexa / dangala / phoxeka / qala ngqa (isenzo / verb) be flabbergasted, be dumbfounded, be astonished, be astounded, be amazed, (2) surprise, startle, stun, confound, stupefy, unnerve, disconcert, discompose, bewilder shwaqa (isiphawulo / adjective) tastes bitter; be bitter, numb shwaqa / mangaza (isenzo / verb) amaze, cause a frown, astound, stagger, surprise, startle, stun, confound, dumbfound, stupefy, daze, nonplus; throw, shake, unnerve, disconcert, discompose, bewilder shwaqeka (isenzo / verb) be astonished, be amazed shwaqekile / mangazekile astonished, bewildered shwaqisa / nyantizelisa (isenzo / verb) appall, horrify, scandalize, outrage, repel, revolt, disgust, nauseate, sicken, offend, distress, traumatise, torment, upset, perturb, disturb, disquiet, unsettle, discompose, agitate; stun, rock shwaqiswa be astonished by shwaqiswe astonished by
shwashwada / heheza / ngingiza / ngundaza / mbandaza / mbuluza (isenzo / verb) murmur, mutter, mumble, whisper, talk under one's breath, speak in an undertone, speak softly, speak sotto voce, speak in hushed tones; breathe, purr (2)Kwezwakala beshwashwada ngenqubo yomuhlangano / Mublings could be heard about the meeting procedure = complain, moan, mutter, grumble, grouse, carp, whine, bleat (3) rustle, whir, burble, purl, rumble, sigh, whisper ushwele (UZL NC 1.1)/ uzwelano / uxolo (UZL NC 3) forgiveness, absolution, remission, clemency, mercy, lenience, leniency, indulgence, reprieve, free pardon, general pardon, amnesty, exoneration, exculpation, release, acquittal, discharge, oblivion shweba / hlulwa / dliwa / khala ngaphansi (isenzo / verb) lose, miss, be unsuccessful, not succeed, lack success, fall through, fall flat, break down, abort, miscarry, be defeated shweleza / xolisa (isenzo / verb) apologise, say sorry, express regret, be apologetic, make an apology, ask forgiveness, ask for clemency shwiba / jwijwa / jikajika (isenzo / verb) swing, sway, oscillate, move back and forth, move to and fro, wave, wag, dangle, rock, flutter, flap, vibrate, quiver. shwibeka (isenzo / verb) be swung
…str…
istratheji (UZL NC 5) / isu / iqhinga (UZL NC 3) strategy istrato (UZL NC 5) / umugwaqo (UZL NC 1.2) street istraykhi (UZL NC 5)/ umubhikisho (UZL NC 1.2) strike, protest strathejaza / idla-amathambo strategise
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istresi (UZL NC 5) / ukukhathala (UZL NC 4) stress, exhaustion, tiredness istro (UZL NC 5) straw istromisi (UZL NC 5) flower girl, bridesmaid
…sw…
iswayi /intshwayi (UZL NC 2)/ usawoti (UZL NC 1.1) salt, sodium chloride; table salt, sea salt, marine salt, rock salt. uswazi (UZL NC 3)/ induku (UZL NC 6)/ igatshana (UZL NC 2) (igatsha elincane) / umila (UZL NC 2) piece of wood, twig, small branch, shoot, offshoot, stem, scion, sprig, spray, stick, withy, with, branch-let, (2) punishment, reprieve, mild punishment swabuluka / phaphama / vuka (isenzo / verb) wake up, awaken, stir, come to, show signs of life, realize, become aware of, become conscious of, become cognizant of, become mindful of swaca / buyisa izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) frown, scowl, glower, glare, lour, look sullen, make a face, look daggers; give someone dirty look swakama / nyenyeza (isenzo / verb) dampen, moisten, damp, wet, dew, water, irrigate, humidify, bedew swakeme damp swakamile dampened swakamisa (isenzo / verb) causing dampness swaya (isenzo / verb) swipe, (***pass, tap or swipe a card through the electronic device that reads it) isweli (UZL NC 2)/ ubhanyanisi / uanyanisi (UZL NC 1.1) onion iswenya (UZL NC 2) (umuhlabathi ovundile) rich soil, fertile soil isweswe (UZL NC 2)/ umusweswe (UZL NC 1.1) a strip, narrow piece, piece, bit, band, belt, ribbon, sash, stripe, bar, swathe, slip, fillet, shred uswebezane (UZL NC 3)/ ubuswebeswebe (UZL NC 8.2) swarm,
hive, flight, flock, covey (2) whisperings, twitter, prattle, babble, chatter, prate, gabble, jabber uswenka / umudlingqephu (UZL NC 1.1) a person who dresses well uswempe (UZL NC 1.1) recluse, hermit, ascetic; monk, nun; Islam marabout, santon; rare eremite, anchorite, anchoress, stylite, cenobite. (2) uswempe (UZL NC 1.1) (inkomo edla yodwa, umuntu ohlale ehamba noma enza yedwa) = loner, solitary, lone wolf; introvert, misanthrope; rare solitudinarian, solitaire, solitarian, isolate. swebeza / swesweza / hleba (isenzo / verb) whisper, murmur, mutter, mumble, speak/say softly, speak/say in muted tones, speak/say in hushed tones, speak/say sotto voce; breathe, purr, say under one's breath swebezela whisper to swebezisa cause to whisper, (2) whisper like swela / ntula / dinga (isenzo / verb) lack, be without, have need of, be in need of, need, be lacking, require, want, feel the want of, be short of, be deficient in, stand in need of, go without, be bereft of, be deprived of, be low on, be pressed for, not have enough of, be devoid of, sweleka / shona / ifa / phangalala (isenzo / verb) die, pass away, pass on, be deceased swenka / idla-ingqephu / gqoka kahle (isenzo / verb) dress smart, dress beautifully, dress tastefully swipha / vala / goqa (isenzo / verb) be a sweeper in a debate, be the last person to discourse in a debate, give the punch to the debate, summarise main point of your line of argument and conclude with a punch, conclude
…t…
eta…
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etafuleni on / at / from / to the table ita… itafula (UZL NC 2) table itata (UZL NC 2)/amawala / amatata (UZL NC 7) panic, busyness (2) overdose itayitela (UZL NC 2)/ isiqinisekobunikazi (UZL NC 5) titledeed ota… otamatisi (UZL NC 8.1) tomatoes otalagwini in / to / from the mirage uta… utalagu / udwadwa (UZL NC 3) mirage, optical illusion, hallucination, phantasmagoria, apparition, fantasy, chimera, trick, vision; delusion, figment of the imagination, misconception, pipe dream, day dream; phantasm (2) heat-wave utamatisi (UZL NC 1.1) tomato utapolo (UZL NC 1.1) tarpaulin utata / ubaba (UZL NC 1.1) father ta… taka / pakisha (isenzo / verb) stack, heap up, pile up, make a stack of, assemble, put together, collect, hoard, store, stockpile. tatamisa / cokamela (isenzo / verb) (phakamisa into esindayo efuna ukucoshelelwa) (isenzo / verb) handle with care, be mindful, be heedful, be protective, be watchful, careful (2) spoil, overindulge, pamper, indulge. tamuza / tapa (isenzo / verb) devour, ingest, partake of, gobble up or down; gulp down, finish off; enjoy; serve handsomely tanasa / gungubala (isenzo / verb) walk with difficulty with legs apart; walk like a fat person who walks with protruding parts of the body such as breasts or chest area; bums etc.
tangasa / petezela (isenzo / verb) walk with legs apart tapa / kwampuna / tapuna / caphuna (isenzo / verb) scoop, hollow out, gouge out, dig, excavate, cut out, extract, take out tatazela (isenzo / verb) be panicky, be nervous, be agitated, upset, perturb, fluster, ruffle, disconcert, unnerve, distress, bother, concern, trouble, cause anxiety to, cause false alarm, work up, flurry, worry ite… itebhe / inoni (UZL NC 2)/ amafutha (UZL NC 7) (okunonile, okuchochayo) a piece of fat, fatty tissue; fat cells, blubber, adipose tissue iteketiso / incoko / ihlaya (UZL NC 2)/ isidlaliso (UZL NC 5)/ ijokhi (UZL NC 2) a joke, a prank, a stunt, funny story, jest, witticism, quip, pleasantry; pun, play on words itekisi (UZL NC 2) taxi, micro bus iteku / ihlibhasi (UZL NC 2) a tackie itemu / igama / igamangqangi (UZL NC 2)/ isisho (UZL NC 5) term, word, expression, phrase, turn of phrase, idiom, locution; name, title, denomination, designation, label, terminology` ute… utebe (UZL NC 1.1, human / UZL NC 3, non-human) (okuntekenteke) feeble or jelly, semi-liquid, mushy, soupy; wet, soggy, slushy, sludgy something or someone utebetebe (UZL NC 1.1, human / UZL NC 3 nonhuman) (okunyakazayo) something or object that is unsteady, insecure, not secure, fragile, unfastened, unsecured, movable, precarious, rocky, wobbly, wobbling, rickety, shaky, tottery, tottering, teetering, doddery, unsafe, unbalanced, unreliable
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uTebha (UZL NC 1.1) historically a mining industry recruitment company of unskilled or manual workforce. te (isenzukuthi / ideophone) ingubo imanzi te / the dress is very wet (*** use with something wet, dripping) = very wet, socking wet tebezela / ntenga / qhaqhazela / thithizela (isenzo / verb) be wobbly, unsteady, unstable, shaky, rocky, rickety; flimsy, frail, spindly, unsafe, precarious, insecure; uneven, unbalanced (2) shaky, trembling, shaking, tremulous, quivering, quivery, doddery, unsteady (3) faint, dizzy, light-headed, giddy; weak, weak-kneed, weak at the knees, quivery, unsteady, groggy, muzzy tebhisa / lengisa / xegisa (isenzo / verb) wear pants or skirt in low-hanging way, low hanging, tebhu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) ubomvu tebhu yigazi / He is all covered in red because of blood e.g very red, all red, absolutely red (*** use with something red only) (2) redness tefa / tetema (isenzo / verb) be tearful, be in tears, be crying, feel like weeping, sob for something believed to be trivial, be a mama’s boy or girl, be wailing, whimpering; be emotional, be upset, be distressed, be sad teketa / dlalisa / ncokola (isenzo / verb) joke, be funny (check ncokola) tetema / tefa / khalela ubala (isenzo / verb) cry for nothing, be tearful, emotional, upsetting, distressing, sad, heartbreaking, heart-rending, sorrowful; poignant, moving, touching teketisa / dlalisa / ncokola / ncoka / dlala / enza ihlaya (isenzo / verb) make a joke, act funny, joke, play around, be humourous, amusing, funny, entertaining, comic, comical tetemuka / qhenya / phakama / zithwale / ziqhayise (isenzo / verb) be proud, be arrogant, be conceited,
self-important, full of oneself, narcissistic, overbearing, bumptious, lordly, presumptuous, overweening, haughty, high and mighty, highhanded, egotistical, puffed up, jumped-up, boastful, smug, complacent, disdainful, condescending, pretentious, eti… etiyeni in the tea iti… itilongo / ijele (UZL NC 2) jail, goal, prison, prison, penal institution, place of detention, lock-up, place of confinement, guardhouse, correctional facility, detention centre itilosi (UZL NC 2) sailor itiye (UZL NC 2)/ izinkambi (UZL NC 9)/ ithibhegi (UZL NC 2) tea, (2) itiye (UZL NC 2)/ ukugwazisa (UZL NC 4)/ igwaxazi (UZL NC 2) nepotism, favouritism, bribe, inducement, ‘incentive’; irregular act / action / deed itiyela (UZL NC 2) tar itiyetha (UZL NC 2)/ inkundla (UZL NC 6) theatre, playhouse, auditorium, amphitheatre , hippodrome, coliseum itiyetha (UZL NC 2) operating theatre (2) itiyetha (UZL NC 2)/ inkundlamudlalo (UZL NC 6) theatre oti… otiki pennies uti… utiki / indibilishi (UZL NC 1.1) penny piece tibila / tibula / qubula / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) lift, raise, hoist, heave, haul up, uplift, heft, boost, put strength tifiza / xhifiza (isenzo / verb) stamp, trample, step, tread, tramp, crush, squash, flatten
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titiliza (thenga ngenani eliphansi kakhulu) (isenzo / verb) buy at ridiculously cheap price, buy at a bargain, buy at half price or even more (2) make generous easy profits (3) create conditions happy for conditions for seller and buyer ito… itobozisi (UZL NC 2)/ isigayikudla / isixubikudla (UZL NC 5) food processor itobotobo (UZL NC 2) soft thing itoho (UZL NC 2) temporal job, shortterm contract work itomu (UZL NC 2) bridle uto… utofe (UZL NC 3) delicate food; cuisine utokolo (UZL NC 3) fabulous water sprite utokoloshe / utikoloshe (UZL NC 1.1) a zombie to… toboza / botoza (isenzo / verb) press a soft object, feel by pressing down, touch tofozela / thamba / thofozela be soft, be cushiony tofozisa / tofozelisa (isenzo / verb) make soft tohoza (isenzo / verb) work part-time toka / ditenwa (isenzo / verb) await trial, be detained tomula / khetha (isenzo / verb) select, choose tomulile chosen tomuliwe been chosen itu… itulo (UZL NC 2)/ uzungu (UZL NC 3) plot, conspiracy tu… tuba / bhucuza / cubuza / gandaya / hlakaza (isenzo / verb) smash
up; refine, grind (2) shayeka / izwa izinhlungu / khathala (see tubeka below) tubeka (iba nomuzimba obuhlungu futhi okhathele) (UZL NC 2) feel tired, feel sluggish, feel worn out, feel pain all over the body tubekile / khathele tired tubuza / bhucuza / cubuza (see tuba above) tusa / bongela (isenzo / verb) extol, praise, eulogise, speak highly of;
…th…
etha… ethafeni (undaweni / locative) a place of with flat surface itha… ithafa (UZL NC 2) flat surface, plain, grassland, flatland, lowland, pasture, meadowland, open country, prairie, savannah, steppe; ithala (UZL NC 2)/ umugibe (UZL NC 1.2) terrace (2) an elevated place in a Zulu hut usually used to hang the traditional and spiritually significant asset (3) ithala (UZL NC 2)/ ingeningenile / inkumbula (UZL NC 6) (okuleke kuthelekile) / isikhukhula (UZL NC 5)/ imvula eyidlivayo (UZL NC 6) = flooding, inundation, swamping, deluge; torrent, overflow, flash flood, freshet; downpour, cloudburst, outpouring, torrent, rush, stream, gush, surge, cascade, flow ithalente / ikhono (UZL NC 2)/ isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) a talent, gift, flair, aptitude, artistry, facility, knack, technique, touch, bent, ability, expertise, capacity, power, faculty; strength, strong point, forte, genius, brilliance; dexterity, adroitness, skill, cleverness
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ithamo (UZL NC 2)/ umuthamo (UZL NC 1.2) mouthful, bite, nibble, taste, bit, piece; spoonful, forkful, morsel, ithamusanqa (UZL NC 2)/ inhlanhla (UZL NC 6)/ isibusiso (UZL NC 5) luck, fortune, blessing, gift, ithambo (UZL NC 2) bone, ithanga / ibhece (UZL NC 2) pumpkin, butternut, melon, water-melon ithanga (UZL NC 2) thigh, upper limb above the knee ithangi (UZL NC 2) tank ithangi-lamanzi (UZL NC 2)/ isivunamanzi / isikhongozelamanzi / isigcinimanzi / isivunimanzi (UZL NC 5) / idamu (UZL NC 2) water tank, reservoir, pool, lake, pond; water supply; dam ithangikubhukuda (UZL NC 2)/ iswimingiphuli(UZL NC 6) swimming pool ithangi-lenkucuza (UZL NC 2) sceptic tank ithaphawe (UZL NC 6)/ isikhafutini (UZL NC 5) plastic food container ithatha / iqhimulili / unontandakubukwa / intandakubukwa (UZL NC 1.1) (ophaphile, obilile, oqinile, oqine kwaze kweqa) hyperactive person, delinquent, disobedient person, hysterical person ithaveni / ibhara / ibha (UZL NC 2) tavern, bar, liquor sit in place, alcohol relaxing place, intoxication assembly ithawini / idolobha (UZL NC 2)/ umasipala (UZL NC 1.1)/ isikhungomboni (UZL NC 5) town, city, borough; municipal central district ithawula (UZL NC 2)/ imfaduko / indwangu (UZL NC 6) towel, a spongy cloth, (phrase = lahla ithawula / throw away the towel = give up) ithayili (UZL NC 2) tile utha…
uthachu / uhlukumezozihambi (UZL NC 3) xenophophia uthahu / ubhikisho (UZL NC 3) protracted strike uthalazi (UZL NC 1.1) (owesabayo, othukile, onovalo) igwala (UZL NC 2) an anxious person, a scared person, a fearful person, a person who is afraid uthando (UZL NC 3) (umuzwa omunandi, umuzwa onamandla) love, deep affection, fondness, tenderness, warmth, intimacy, attachment, endearment; devotion, adoration, doting, idolization, worship; passion, desire, lust, yearning, infatuation, adulation (2) intshisekelo / intokozo (UZL NC 6)/ ukwethaba (UZL NC 4)= like, inclination, zest (3) compassion, act of kindness (4) umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2)/ isihe (UZL NC 5)/ uzwelano (UZL NC 3)= relationship, love affair, affair, romance, liaison, affair of the heart, intrigue, amour. (5) izilokotho (UZL NC 9)/ ukukhonza (UZL NC 4)= best wishes, regards, good wishes, greetings, felicitations, salutations, compliments, best, respect uthango (UZL NC 3) demarcation, green fence or shrub fencing, tha… thaba / gcula / nama / jabula (isenzo / verb) be satisfied, be fulfilled, be gratified, be met, be filled, be served, be happy; indulge, cater to, pander to; appease, assuage; quench, slake, satiate, sate, thabela / gculiseleka / jabulela (isenzo / verb) be satisfied for, be happy for thabisa (isenzo / verb) elebrate with, celebrate for, be happy for thabatha / thatha / fukula / qubula / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) take, grab, lift, seize, grasp, snatch, grapple, grip, clasp, clutch; catch, lift, pick up
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thaka / hlanganisela / xuba izithako (isenzo / verb) compound, concort, mix, combine, blend, put together, amalgamate, alloy, fuse, synthesize, coalesce, mingle, meld, intermingle, admix, commix, commingle thakatha / loya (isenzo / verb) practice witchcraft, bewitch, cast a spell, make others sick, kill others through witchcraft / poison; make others be disliked or hated, be full of hatred / envy / devilish intents / vengeance thakasela / jabulela / thokozela / bulela (isenzo / verb) be happy, be glad, be contented, content, cheerful, cheery, merry, joyful, jovial, jolly, joking, jocular, gleeful, beaming, joyous, be high spirits, be in a good mood, lighthearted, be thrilled, exuberant, elated, rapt, exhilarated, ecstatic, blissful, euphoric, overjoyed, exultant, rapturous thakazela / bongela / hayela / shono (isenzo / verb) sing praise names, sing praises, celebrate ones genealogy /pedigree / descent / lineage; acknowledge ones ancestry /family history; eulogize over one’s blood ties and ancestors thakela (isenzo / verb) mix herbs for someone (check thaka above) thaklaza / thanqaza / bhaklaza / dinsila / wisa (isenzo / verb) drop something painfully, drop something and cause hurt, drop in a way as to let one’s whole body loose, drop and break, drop and cause harm thalaza / qalaza (isenzo / verb)look around, look at all sides, look left and right, observe, notice, watch, see, note, perceive, discern, remark, spot, detect, discover, distinguish, make out, espy, descry, behold thamela bask e.g. thamela isigcaki / bask in the sun bask, laze, lie, lounge, relax, sprawl, loll; sunbathe, sun oneself, warm oneself. (2) revel,
luxuriate, wallow, delight, take pleasure, rejoice, glory, indulge oneself; enjoy, relish, savour, lap up (3) thamela / lalela (thamela isigcawu senkantolo / listen or follow proceedings of the court) – listen, hear, pay attention, be attentive, attend, concentrate on, concentrate on hearing, give ear to, lend an ear to, pay attention, heed to thamuza / tamuza (isenzo / verb) do anything orally excessively or abundantly e.g. eat, talk, exploit thamba / tapuzela (isenzo / verb ) be soft, be mushy, squashy, pulpy, pappy, slushy, sloppy, squelchy, squishy, oozy, doughy, semi-liquid (2) thamba / ntofozela / thofozela / thamba sasipontshi (isenzo / verb) be soft as a cushion = supple, elastic, springy, pliable, pliant, squashy, resilient, cushiony, spongy, compressible, flexible, ductile, malleable, tensile, plastic e.g. thamba sasilika / be soft like fabric = be velvety, smooth, cushiony, fleecy, downy, leathery, furry, silky, silken, satiny, suede-effect (3) thamba / thambisa inhliziyo / yehlisa ulaka / soften one’s heart = be gentle, light, mild, moderate, calm, easy, balmy, handle with some delicacy, zephyr-like. thambela / thobela / hlonipha respect, esteem, hold in high regard (2) thambela / thobela / vuma (thambela umuthetho) comply, abide by, act in accordance with, observe, obey, adhere to, conform to, follow, respect, agree to, assent to, consent to, concur with/in, fall in with, acquiesce in, go along with, yield to, submit to, bow to, defer to; satisfy, meet, fulfill, measure up to thambile soft thambisa soften (2) thambisa / xegisa / ehlisa soften, alleviate, ease, relieve, soothe, take the edge
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off, assuage, allay, dull, cushion, lessen, moderate, temper, mitigate, palliate, diminish, decrease, blunt, deaden, abate, tone down (3) thambisa-umoya / thambisumoya = die down, abate, subside, moderate, let up, calm down, lessen, grow less, decrease, diminish, slacken, dwindle, weaken.(4) thambisa-umuzimba / thambisumuzimba = relax, loosen, loose, slacken, unclench, weaken, lessen, let up, reduce, diminish (5) thambisa / gcoba amafutha – moisturize, moisten, dampen, wet, damp, dew, water, soak, irrigate, humidify; literary bedew thambisela soften for e.g. thambasadaka / tapuzela / be soft ground such as mud = be swampy, marshy, boggy, miry, fenny, oozy; heavy, squelchy thanda / ifa ngento-ethize (isenzo / verb) love, like, be fond of , favour thandana (isenzo / verb) be in love with thandabuza / ngabaza (isenzo / verb) doubt, be doubtful, hesitate, be hesitant, be unsure, be uncertain, be undecided, be skeptical, thandaza / khuleka / dluliselakuMudali (isenzo / verb) pray, invoke, call on, implore, appeal to, entreat, beseech, beg, ask/request earnestly, plead, crave, petition, solicit, supplicate, importune thandazela / khulekela / beka eNkosini (isenzo / verb) pray for thandela / bophela (isenzo / verb) wrap around, bind, tie up, tether, hitch, strap, truss, fetter, rope, chain, make fast, moor, lash, attach, fasten, fix, secure, join, connect, link, couple thandeka / iba nogazi / thathekisa (isenzo / verb) be loveable, be charismatic, have charisma, charm, presence, aura, personality, force of personality, strength of character, individuality; magnetism, animal
magnetism, drawing power, attractiveness, appeal, allure, thandiswa / langazela / hhalela / halela / lambela (isenzo / verb) crave for (especially pregnant woman), long for, yearn for, hunger for, thirst for thandwa (isenzo / verb) be loved thandwa-ngokweqile / totosa / tetemisa (isenzo / verb) love abundantly, spoil, overindulge, thangazela / qoqa (thangazela ulwazi) (isenzo / verb) accumulate, collect, assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, thanqaza / wisa / dinsila (isenzo / verb) drop, let fall, relinguish thanqazeka / dinsika / phahlazeka (isenzo / verb) be dropped thasisela / nezezela / faka futhi / andisa (isenzo / verb) add, increase, grow, get bigger, get larger, become greater, enlarge, expand, swell, rise, climb, escalate, soar, surge, rocket, shoot up, spiral; improve, intensify, strengthen; heighten, lengthen, extend, stretch, spread, widen, multiply, snowball, mushroom, proliferate, balloon, build up, mount up, pile up, accrue, accumulate thatha / bamba / nqaka / cosha (isenzo / verb) take, catch, lay hold of, take hold of, get hold of, get into one's hands, pick, grasp, grip, clasp, clutch, grab. (2) thatha iwolethi esikhwameni sami / Take out the wallet from my handbag = remove, pull, draw, withdraw, extract, fish; confiscate, take possession of. thathaza / bhabhayisa (isenzo / verb) wave, wag, waggle; swing, shake, swish, thatheka / lutheka (isenzo / verb) be gullible, be lured into something easily, tempt, entice, attract, induce, coax, persuade, inveigle, allure, seduce, win over, cajole, beguile, bewitch, ensnare, captivate,
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thathela / zungeza (isenzo / verb) take for (2) take a long route, takes much longer, long-winded, lengthy athe… athembekile (UZL NC 7) the honest ones.; Athembekile. /They are honest. Athethelele. (UZL NC 7) Forgive them. ethe… eThekwini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to Durban ethembeni (undaweni / locative) a place of hope, in / at / to from hope or faith ethetheleliwe the forgiven one ithe… itheku (UZL NC 2)/ ugu / ulwandle (UZL NC 3) bay, cove, sea, inlet, estuary, indentation, natural harbour, gulf, basin, fjord, sound, arm, bight, firth, anchorage, coastland ithelevishini (UZL NC 6)/umabonakude (UZL NC 1.1)/ i- TV (UZL NC 6) television ithemba / iqholo (UZL NC 2)/ inkolelo (UZL NC 6) hope, confidence, belief, faith, certainty ithenda (UZL NC 2) (isimemo sebhizinisi) tender, invitation to bid for a supply of service or product ithende / itende (UZL NC 2) tent itheni (UZL NC 6)/ ijika (UZL NC 2) turn, bend, curve othe… othekwane (UZL NC 8.1) hamerkops uthe… uthekwane (UZL NC 1.1) hamerkop uthela / ukheshiya (UZL NC 1.1) a teller, a cashier thela / qulela / thulula / faka (isenzo / verb) pour, stream, flow, run, gush, cascade, course, spout, jet, spurt, flood, surge, spill, rush, well, spew, discharge (2) thela / thulula pour-
out, emit, unpack, empty (3) thela / khokha pay rent, pay tax, pay theleka / fika ungalindelwe (isenzo / verb) turn up, appear, arrive, just emerge from nowhere, put in an appearance, make an appearance (2) theleka / chithekelwa okuthize have something spill on one, have something splash on one, be dirtied by something thelekile (isiphawulo / adjective) turned up unannounced, stormed (2) thelekile / gcolisekile splashed, dirtied thelela / sulela / dluliselaphambili (isenzo / verb) pass on, transmit, transfer, pass on, infect, pass on a contagious-disease, hand on, impart, channel, carry, bear, relay, dispatch, mediate, disseminate, spread, circulate, diffuse, radiate (2) thelela / galelela pour for someone (3) thelela / khokhela pay for something as in vehicle licence thelile poured (2)thelile / khokhile (isiphawulo / adjective) paid thelisa / qashisa (isenzo / verb) lease, rent, allow for temporal stay at an agreed amount, lease out, let out themba / iba neqholo (isenzo / verb) trust, have faith in, put/place one's trust in, have confidence in, believe in, pin one's hopes on, rely on, depend on, bank on, count on, be sure of, be convinced by, swear by, confide in thembeka (isenzo / verb) be honest, be faithful, be truthful, be dependable thembekile (isiphawulo / adjective) honest, trust worthy thembela (isenzo / verb) have faith in, be dependent on something or someone, pin ones hopes on something thembele (isiphawulo / adjective) dependent on, reliant on thembisa (isenzo / verb) promise, make an undertaking
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thembisile (isiphawulo / adjective) promised, assured, guaranteed thembiswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be promised thembiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) been promised thembuza (isenzo / verb) attend to more than one thing or people in order to give equal or same level of attention thenga / khithiza (isenzo / verb) buy, procure, tender, bid thengela (isenzo / verb) buy for someone thengile (isiphawulo / adjective) bought thengisa / dayisa / hweba (isenzo / verb) sell, trade, market, stock, (2) thengisa / mpimpa sell-out, tell on, be a traitor, snitch, inform on someone thengisela / dayisela (isenzo / verb) sell on behalf of someone, sell to thengiselwa / dayiselwa (isenzo / verb) buy something from someone, have something sold to one thengwa (isenzo / verb) be bought thetha / khaca / futha / iba nolaka / memeza / cashuka / shingila (isenzo / verb) shout, yell, cry, cry out, call, call out, roar, howl, bellow, bawl, call at the top of one's voice, clamour, bay, cheer, yawp, yelp, wail, squawk, shriek, scream, screech, squeal, squall, thethelela / xolela (isenzo / verb) forgive, pardon, excuse, exonerate, absolve, acquit, let off, grant an amnesty to thethile (isiphawulo / adjective) scolded, roared, yelled thethisa / futha / khaca (isenzo / verb) shout or yell at someone ithi… ithika / iconsi (UZL NC 2)/ inhlizwencane (UZL NC 6) (inhliziyo encane) bad mood, bad mood, temper, bad temper, fit of bad/ill temper, sulk, pet, the sulks, fit of pique, low spirits, depression, bout of moping, the doldrums, the blues
ithikithi (UZL NC 2) ticket ithili (UZL NC 2) till, cash register, cash box, cash drawer, strongbox; checkout, cash desk, pay desk, counter ithimu (UZL NC 6)/ isikwada (UZL NC 5)/ ithimba / iqoqo (UZL NC 2) team, squad, ithimba (UZL NC 2) / izithunywa (UZL NC 9)/ abajutshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) a delegation, deputation, delegacy, legation, (diplomatic) mission, commission; delegates, representatives, envoys, emissaries, deputies; contingent, group, party, body (2) assignment, entrusting, giving, committal, devolution, deputation, transference. ithilomu (UZL NC 2)/ irestorenti (UZL NC 6) a tea room, a café, a restaurant ithiphu / igwaxaza (UZL NC 6) tip, gratuity uthi… uthi (UZL NC 3)/ indukwana (UZL NC 6) a small thin stick, thin stick, uthingo (UZL NC 3)/ uthingolwenkosazane (UZL NC 3) rainbow thi… thikameza / didisa (isenzo / verb) disturb, interrupt, intrude on, butt in on, barge in on; distract, interfere with, disrupt, bother, trouble thikamezana / didisana disturb another, trouble another, confuse another, worry another thikamezile / didisile (isiphawulo / adjective) disturbed, troubled thikamezisa / didisa (isenzo / verb) cause to do wrong, cause disturbance thikamezwa (isenzo / verb) be disturbed thikamezwe (isiphawulo / adjective) disturbed by thiphaziza(isenzo / verb) kill time, keep busy pending … thithiza / thililiza / bhayiza (isenzo / verb) be rickety, be disordered, act
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disturbingly, be flimsy, shaky, wobbly, unstable, tottery, defective itho… ithole (UZL NC 2)/ inkonyane (UZL NC 6) calf ithonga / idlozi (UZL NC 2)/ ongasekho (UZL NC 1.1) ancestor, a spirit ithoshi (UZL NC 2)/ isibani (UZL NC 5)/ ilambu (UZL NC 2)/ isikhanyisi (UZL NC 5) a torch, lamp, light ithoyizi (UZL NC 2) a toy utho… uthotho (UZL NC 3) beautiful teeth; perfect teeth tho… thola / fumana (isenzo / verb) find, locate, spot, pinpoint, unearth, obtain, detect, stumble on, hit on, encounter, run across, run into (2) discover, think of, invent, come up with, hit on, turn up, bring to light, uncover, unearth, ferret out (3) find out, receive tholakala be available, be accessible tholakele (isiphawulo / adjective) found tholana / zwanani / qondanani (isenzo / verb) settle, reconcile, make peace, understand each other, find each other tholela (isenzo / verb) find for, obtain for tholisela (isenzo / verb) give someone back what they have lost tholwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be found ithu… ithuba (UZL NC 2)/ intuba (UZL NC 6) opportunity, slot scope, moment ithuluzi (UZL NC 2)/ instrumenti (UZL NC 2)/ okokukhanda / okokulungisa (UZL NC 4) tool, instrument ithumba / ithuthumba / iqhubu elinobomvu (UZL NC 2) a boil, swelling, spot, pimple, blister, pustule, eruption, blemish, carbuncle, wen,
cyst, abscess, tumour, ulcer, chilblain, gumboil; ithumbu (UZL NC 2) intestine (2) ithumbu / ipayipi (UZL NC 2) horsepipe, tube, conduit, hose, main, duct, line, channel, canal, conveyor, pipeline, drain, tubing, piping, siphon, cylinder ithuna / ingcwaba (UZL NC 2) grave, cemetery, ithundu (UZL NC 2) brow, eye-ridge, prominent ridge above the eye socket uthu… uthuli (UZL NC 3) (umuhlabathi owomile) dust, dry soil small or fine particles, dirt uthumbu / umagcino (UZL NC 1.1) last- born uthungulu (UZL NC 3)/ itheku (UZL NC 2)/ ugu (UZL NC 3) long coastal belt, bay, uthuthu (UZL NC 3)/ intuthu (UZL NC 6) (umulotha oshisayo) hot ashes, smoke (2) uthuthu (UZL NC 3)/ izinkungu (UZL NC 9) haze, mist, fog, cloud, smog; cloudiness, mistiness, fogginess, smokiness, vapour, steam uthuthuva / ufufunyane (UZL NC 3)/ amadlingozi (UZL NC 7) hysteria, frenzy, wildness, feverishness, irrationality; hysterics, loss of control; panic, panic attack, alarm, outburst/fit of agitation, loss of reason, fit of madness, neurosis, delirium, derangement, mania, distress, mental distress uthuvi (UZL NC 1.1)/ amasimba / amakaka (UZL NC 7) faeces, stool, excrement, bodily waste, waste matter, ordure, dung, manure, scat, excreta, stools, droppings, dirt, filth, muck, mess thu… thukusa / fihla / gqiba / khweza (isenzo / verb) hide, conceal, keep out of sight, keep hidden, secrete, tuck away; screen, cover, obscure, block
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out, blot out, disguise, camouflage, mask, cloak, mantle, shroud, enshroud thukusela (isenzo / verb) hide for thukusile / cashisile / gqibile (isiphawulo / adjective) hidden, concealed thukuswa (isenzo / verb) get hidden thukuswe (isiphawulo / adjective) hidden by thukuthela / dinwa / casuka / canuka / cikeka (isenzo / verb) be angry, be irate, be annoyed, be cross, be vexed, be irritated, be exasperated, be indignant, be aggrieved, be irked, be piqued, be displeased, be provoked, be galled, be resentful, be furious, be enraged thula (isenzo / verb) be quite, be silent, shut up, zip one’s mouth (2) thula / iba noxolo = be calm, be peaceful, have tranquility (3) thula / ehlisa / diliza offload, thulela (isenzo / verb) keep quiet for (2) take-off for (thulela isigqoko = take one’s hat off for someone = commend) thulile (isiphawulo / adjective) quiet, silent thulisa (isenzo / verb) quieten, make quite for (2) greeting (Zion church) thulisa / umusa mawube nawe = may peace/ kindness be with you thulula / diliza (isenzo / verb) empty, unload, unpack, unburden, disburden, clear, make vacant, vacate, evacuate, void, unlade thulwa (isenzo / verb) be presented, be introduced thulwe (isiphawulo / adjective) presented by, introduced by thuma (isenzo / verb) send, dispatch, post, mail, get off, convey, consign, direct, forward, redirect, send on, remit, airmail thumana (isenzo / verb) send about, be having a habit of sending other to do something for … thumeka / vuma / vumela (isenzo / verb) be amenable, be agreeable, be willing, consent, comply
thumela (isenzo / verb) transmit, convey, courier, communicate; telephone, phone, broadcast, televise, telecast, radio, fax, email, upload, DHL, dated telegraph, wire, cable thumelwa / thunyelwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be sent thumelwe / thunyiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) sent by, being a messenger, being sent thumba (isenzo / verb) capture, hold captive, abduct, carry off, capture, seize, snatch, hold to ransom, take as hostage, hijack thunuka / limaza (isenzo / verb) inflict more hurt on a wound, evoke soreness, bring back pain, exacerbate pain, injure, cause injury, hurt thunukala (isenzo / verb) be affected, be infected, be touched, be reminded of sad / hurtful / painful moments, be upset, be in pain, be hurt, be saddened thunga (isenzo / verb) sew, stitch, machine stitch; embroider; seam, hem, tack, baste; attach, fasten thungatha / bheka (isenzo / verb) look, sniff, trail, search, chase, give chase to, pursue, stalk, course, hunt down, run down; track, trail, follow, shadow, hound thungatheka / lahleka (isenzo / verb) get lost thungathisisa / funisisa (isenzo / verb) search thoroughly, look properly, search with a fine tooth comb thungathwa / funwa (isenzo / verb) be search for, be looked for, be missing thungathwe / funwe (isiphawulo / adjective) searched for by, looked for by thungela (isenzo / verb) sew for someone, design for someone (2) thungela / shisa / basa = set alight thungisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to sew (2) train someone to design clothes thutha / fuduka / shintsha indawo (isenzo / verb) move, convey, shift,
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remove, take, carry, fetch, lift, bring, bear, conduct, send, pass on, transport, relay, change, relocate, resettle, transplant, uproot. thuthile moved, relocated thutheleka / fuhleleka (isenzo / verb) flock together, rally, come together, get together, gather, collect, meet, muster, rally, congregate, convene, , foregather thuthelekisa / fuhlelekisa (isenzo / verb) bring together, assemble, get together, call together, gather, collect, round up, marshal, muster, summon, rally, convene, accumulate, mass, amass thuthisa (isenzo / verb) help one move house, be helped to relocate, cause to relocate or move thuthiswa (isenzo / verb) be helped to move house, be relocated thuthuka / phucula (isenzo / verb) develop, grow, enrich, improve, upgrade, civilise thuthuzela / qhaqhazela / ngqangqazela / vevezela (isenzo / verb) shaky, angry (shaky), be infuriated
…thr…
ithranki (UZL NC 2) trunk uthrabuli (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkinga / indida (UZL NC 6) trouble ithreyi (UZL NC 2) tray ithroli (UZL NC 6) trolley
…thw…
ithwabu (UZL NC 2)/ ingwici (UZL NC 6) hiccup, hiccough ithwasa (UZL NC 2)/ umuqeqeshwa (UZL NC 1.1) trainee, sangoma trainee thwala (isenzo / verb) thwala inyanda ekhanda / carry a bundle of firewood on one’s head = carry, bear, load, bring, transport, move, convey, take, fetch, haul, lug, shift, deliver (2) thwala / mitha / khulelwa = be pregnant, carry a child in one’s belly (3) thwala / ceba ngomulingo = be rich or wealthy through magic, be
rich through superstition, be filthy rich through practising witchcraft (4) thwala / qomisa ngenkani / ganisa ngenkani force a young woman into marriage without her consent, force a young woman into marriage by force (5) thwala kanzima / cindezelwa = be overburdened, burden, load, oppress, trouble, cause trouble to, cause suffering to; worry, beset, bother, harass, disturb, upset, depress, get someone down; distress, grieve, haunt, nag, torment, harrow, afflict, strain, stress, tax, overwhelm, perturb, plague, bedevil (6) thwala / ganisa-ngenkani force to marry (6) thwala umundeni have one’s family dependent on one for survival = bear, be responsible, be in charge of, be in control of, shoulder responsibility, be accountable, be at the helm of, be accountable for, be liable for, be charged with thwalile (isiphawulo / adjective) carried thwalela (isenzo / verb) carry for thwalwa / gqogqoshwa (isenzo / verb) be carried thwalisa (isenzo / verb) aide one to carry stuff thwasa / qeqeshwa / fundela (isenzo / verb) train for, study for, learn towards (2) thwasa / fika / qhamuka (isenzo / verb) emerge for the first time, appear thwasela (isenzo / verb) train towards thwasile emerged, arrived (2) trained thwasiswa (isenzo / verb) be trained, be enabled to practice ubungoma thwasiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) trained by thwebula / thatha isithunzi / thatha isithombe (isenzo / verb) take someone's picture/photo, take/snapshot (2) hypnoptise, mesmerize, send into a trance, put under, put out, put to sleep, manipulate a person psychology using indigenous knowledge
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systems, bewitch someone (3) fascinate, entrance, beguile, spellbind, hold spellbound, transfix, be unable to take one's eyes off, captivate, bewitch, enrapture, thwebulwa / thwetshulwa (isenzo / verb) be hypnoptised thwesa (isenzo / verb) help carry on the head (2) thwesa / thwalisa = burden, load, weight, charge; weigh down, encumber, hamper, overload, overburden (2) thwesa / cindezela oppress, trouble, cause trouble to, cause suffering to; worry, beset, bother, harass, disturb, upset, depress, get someone down; distress, grieve, haunt, nag, torment, harrow, afflict, strain, stress, tax, overwhelm, perturb, plague, bedevil. thwesiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) burdened, charged thweswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be charged thweswe charged with (2) burdened by thwishika / naba (isenzo / verb) sit on the floor with legs straight against the floor, spread-out, unfurl, expand (2) thwishika / thushuka emerge, spring-up unexpectedly, come-out from nowhere ithwitha (UZL NC 6)/ umutshwiyoza (UZL NC 1.2) twitter thwitha / swebeza / ncwina/ tshiloza / tshwiyotshwiyoza (isenzo / verb) twit, twitter
…ts…
itsaki (UZL NC 2) space between teeth
…tsh…
itshali (UZL NC 2)/ ingubo yokulala (UZL NC 6)/ ublankethi (UZL NC 1.1) a blanket, cover, covering, rug, afghan, quilt, eiderdown, duvet; bedcover, bedspread, throw-over; bedclothes utshalo / ukhwezo (UZL NC 3) investment, planting utshalomali (UZL NC 3) investment, capital-investment
utshani (UZL NC 8.2) grass tshala / qungelela (isenzo / verb) plant, sow, scatter, seed, put in the ground; bed out, set out, transplant (2) tshala imali kwezohwebo eGoli / invest money in Johannesburg Stock Exchange = invest, put money into, sink money into, lay out money on, plough money into; provide capital for, spend money on, fund, back, finance, underwrite, subsidize, support, pay for; buy into, buy shares (3) tshala imibono / instill one’s views = indoctrinate, brainwash, propagandize, proselytize, inculcate, re-educate, persuade, convince, condition, discipline, mould; instruct, teach, school, drill, ground tshalela (isenzo / verb) plant for tshalile (isiphawulo / adjective) planted tshalwa / ngcwatshwa (isenzo / verb) be planted, be buried tshalwe (isiphawulo / adjective) buried by itshe / idwala / imbokodo (UZL NC 2) stone, rock, pebble, boulder; (stones) cobbles, gravel, scree; concretion. (2) tombstone, memorial stone (3) itshe eliligugu / treasure stone = precious stones, gem, gemstone, jewel, (4) itshe (UZL NC 2) / ubunzima / ubulukhuni (UZL NC 8.2) = hardship, difficulty, heddle itsheketshe (UZL NC 2) / intuthane / intuthwane (UZL NC 2) / umuhlwa (UZL NC 1.2) ant otshekile / otshekileyo (UZL NC 1.1) the slanting one (check tsheka below) utsheke (UZL NC 3) / uketshezi (UZL NC 3) / okumanzi (UZL NC 4) liquid, fluid, flowing, running; runny, watery, thin, sloppy, aqueous, liquefied; melted, molten, thawed, dissolved, uncongealed, hydrous utshelekwano / imbolekiso / umabolekana / umananana (UZL NC 3) exchange of goods and services, trade, bargaining, buying and selling, business, trafficking,
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tsheba / tyeba / ceba / nona / khuluphala (isenzo / verb) gain weight, get fat, become obese tshebisa / tyebisa / cebisa / nonisa / khuluphalisa (isenzo / verb) fatten, cause to gain weight tsheka / goba / gwegwa (isenzo / verb) slant, slope, tilt, incline, angle, tip, cant, be askew, lean, dip, pitch, shelve, list, bank, curve, heel, bend, crook tshekisa / gobisa (isenzo / verb) cause to slant, bend tshela / khuluma / dlulisa / azisa (isenzo / verb) tell, inform, let know, notify, apprise, make aware, mention something to, acquaint with, advise, put in the picture, brief, fill in, break the news to; alert, warn, forewarn (2) Mutshele agudluze imoto / Tell him to remove the car = speak, utter, say, voice, state, declare; communicate, make known, impart, divulge, announce, proclaim, broadcast; relate, recount, narrate, give an account of, set forth, unfold, retail, report, chronicle, recite, rehearse, describe, portray, sketch, delineate, depict, paint, weave, spin (3) Tshela amasosha ayeke ukudubula / Tell the soldiers to stop firing = instruct, order, give orders, command, direct, charge, enjoin, call on, require, bid (4) Wabatshela ukuthi wayengekho ngenkathi kuhletshwa / She told them that she was not part of the gossip = assure, promise, give someone one's word, swear, guarantee, warrant (5) Batshele konke okwaziyo ngalelicala / Tell them all that you know about this case = reveal, show, give evidence of, disclose, indicate, convey, signify, display, exhibit (6) promise you won't tell? give the game away, talk, tell tales, open tsheleka / boleka / nana (isenzo / verb) borrow, hire, lease, loan, rent, let,
tshelekisa / bolekisa / nanisa (isenzo / verb) lend tshengisa / bonisa / khombisa (isenzo / verb) show, exhibit, display, parade tshengiswa (isenzo / verb) be shown tshengiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) shown by itshitshi (UZL NC 2)/ intombazane (UZL NC 6) young girl, teenage girl, tshikiza /jwijwa / nyakaza ngapha nangapha (isenzo / verb) swing, sway, twist, curve, twirl, oscillate, move back and forth, move to and fro, wave, wag, dangle tshikizela (isenzo / verb) swing for, sway for tshikizisa (isenzo / verb) make it swing tshinga / lahla (isenzo / verb) throw, hurl, toss, fling, pitch, cast, lob, launch, flip, catapult, shy, dash, aim, direct, project, propel, send, bowl tshingela (isenzo / verb) throw for tshokoza / yokoza / phalaza / hlanza (isenzo / verb) emit orally , spew out, vomit, discharge orally, release orally, give out/off, pour out, send forth, throw out, void, effuse, vent, give vent to, issue; leak, ooze, shed, excrete, disgorge, secrete, eject, spout, belch tshuda / dayiva (isenzo / verb) dive, dive over the wave, ride the surfboard and ride on the crest of a wave, swim under water, go under water, submerge, sink; snorkel, scuba dive (2) plunge, plummet, nosedive, descend, jump, fall, drop, swoop, pitch (3) leap, jump, lunge, launch oneself, throw oneself, go headlong, bolt, dart, dash, rush, scurry; duck, dodge (4) skyrocket, travel through the air, wing its way, wing, glide, soar, tshuza / juza /consa / gxiza (isenzo / verb) drip, dribble, drop, leak
…tshw…
utshwala (UZL NC 8.2) / amakwebevu (UZL NC 7) alcohol, liquor,
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itshwele / ichwane (UZL NC 2) fowl , young bird
…tw…
itwani (UZL NC 2) spleen utwayi (UZL NC 3) scabies itwetwe (UZL NC 2) shivering twetwezela (isenzo / verb) shiver
…v…
iva… iva (UZL NC 2) / okuhlabayo (UZL NC 4) thorn ivaba / ivaka / igwala / inina (UZL NC 2) coward, weakling, milksop, namby-pamby ivaka / inuku / ixebe (UZL NC 2) a dirty person, an untidy person, a disorganized person, a filthy person ivaka / igwala (UZL NC 2) coward, weakling, milksop, namby-pamby ivakashi (UZL NC 2) / umatshingeyana (UZL NC 1.1) / uqonda / umuqaphi (UZL NC 1.1) a watchguard, a carguard, a sentry, a guard, sentinel, lookout, watch, watchman, patrol, picket; ivamba (UZL NC 2) / uphongoza (UZL NC 1.1) a careless person ivangazi (UZL NC 2) / okumaqhabhaqhabha (UZL NC 4) spotted object, spotty thing, dotty object, mottled, dappled, dapple, pied, piebald, brindled, brindle, speckled, speckly, flecked, specked, stippled ivange (UZL NC 2) / ingxubevange (UZL NC 6) / okuxutshiwe (UZL NC 4) a mixture, assortment, miscellany, medley, melange, blend, variety, mixed bag, mix, diversity, collection, selection, assemblage, combination, ivangeli (UZL NC 2) / ubuKrestu (UZL NC 8.2) / inkolo (UZL NC 6) gospel, Christianity, religion, missionary work, Christian teaching, Christ's teaching, the life of Christ, the word of God, the good news, Christian doctrine, the New Testament, the writings of the evangelists.
(2) Lokhu okushiwo ngumongameli asingakuthathi njengevangeli / That which is purported by the president should not be treated as gospel truth = the truth, the whole truth, the naked truth, gospel truth, God's truth, the honest truth; fact, actual fact, what actually/really happened, reality, actuality, factuality, the case, so, verity, a certainty (3) Kumele sishumayele ivangeli loxolo kubalandeli bethu / Let’s ensure messaging of peace to our followers = doctrine, dogma, teaching, principle, ethic, creed, credo, theory, thesis, ideology, idea, ideal, position; belief, tenet, canon, conviction, persuasion, opinion. ivazi (UZL NC 6)/ ukhamba lokuhlobisa (UZL NC 3) a vase, decorative ornament, uva… uvala (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkakha (UZL NC 6)/ umpetha / uchwepheshe (UZL NC 1.1) the best, finest, greatest, top, foremost, leading, pre-eminent, premier, prime, first, chief, principal, supreme, of the highest quality, superlative, unrivalled, second to none, without equal, nonpareil, unsurpassed, unsurpassable, peerless, matchless, unparalleled, unbeaten, unbeatable, unexcelled, optimum, optimal, ultimate, surpassing, incomparable, ideal, perfect; highest, record-breaking uvalo (UZL NC 3)/ ingebhe (UZL NC 6)/ itwetwe (UZL NC 2)/ ukwesaba / ukwethuka (UZL NC 4) anxiety, worry, concern, apprehension, apprehensiveness, nervousness, nerves, edginess, tension, tenseness, stress, misgiving, trepidation, foreboding, consternation, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness, fear, disquiet, disquietude, perturbation, fretfulness, agitation, angst, suspense (2) eagerness, keenness, desire,
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impatience, longing, yearning (3) cartilage at the lower end of the breast-bone, the pit of the stomach uvanzi (UZL NC 3)/ inhlakanhlaka (UZL NC 6) scattered people or objects, disorganization, unsystematic arrangement , anything lacking structure, process or methodology, disorder, chaotic, arbitrary uvati (UZL NC 1.1)/ intelagugu / intela / iveti (UZL NC 6) Value Added Tax (VAT), tax, Personal Income Tax (PIT), Company Income Tax or Corporate Income Tax (CIT) va… vakasha / zula / hambela / ngcebeleka (isenzo / verb) visit, stay in, stop over in, spend time in, holiday in; tour, drive round, go round, explore, see, view, inspect, survey vakashela / hambela (isenzo / verb) visit someone, visit a place, pay a visit vakashisa / hambisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to visit, tour with someone, send to vala / buyisela / khiya (isenzo / verb) close, shut, draw/pull/push to, slam, fasten; put the lid on, bar, lock, latch, padlock, secure, seal, put up the shutters valeka (isenzo / verb) be broke, penniless, moneyless, bankrupt, insolvent, poor, poverty-stricken, impoverished, impecunious, penurious, indigent, in penury, needy, destitute, ruined, down and out (2) be closable valelisa / cela-indlela (isenzo / verb) say good-bye, announce departure, advise when living, wish those behind well valelwa / boshwa / dwadla (isenzo / verb) be locked in, be imprisoned, be incarcerated, be locked in jail vama / jwayela (isenzo / verb) persist, frequently do something, develop habit, visit often, be a regular visitor
to, be a regular client of, go to regularly, go to repeatedly, attend, attend frequently; haunt, patronize, spend time in, spend all of one's time in, loiter in, linger in vamisa / jwayela / qhela (isenzo / verb) regularly do something, habitually do or say something vandalayiza / mosha / cekelaphansi (isenzo / verb) vandalize, destroy, spoil, ruin, wreck, disfigure, blight, mar, blemish, impair, flaw, deface, scar, injure, harm, devastate, damage, vatha / gqoka (isenzo / verb) dress up, put on clothes, put on uniform, put on church clothing, put on spiritual gown (2) vatha / hloniphisa = be self-respecting vathisa / mbathisa clothe someone, cover someone, cover vathazela / hamba ungaphethe lutho (isenzo / verb) be inattentive, be incautious, be negligent, be remiss, be forgetful, be absent-minded, be heedless, irresponsible, impetuous, reckless be sloppy (2) walk barehanded, walk without anything even for self-defence purposes, walk or arrive at someone’s house with absolutely nothing on hand, walk naked, unclothed, undressed, uncovered (3) be shoddy, slapdash, slipshod, scrappy, slovenly, unconsidered, amateurish, negligent, lax, slack, wild, disorganized; hasty, be hurried, be perfunctory, cursory, be sketchy, hit-or-miss; inaccurate, imprecise, inexact, incorrect, wrong, erroneous, be error-ridden. ive… ivelakancane (UZL NC 2) / ingqayizivela (UZL NC 6) / iqabuqabu (UZL NC 2) / amaqabuqabu (UZL NC 7) an unusual occurrence, rarity, uncommon, abnormal, atypical, unexpected, surprising, unfamiliar,
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unwonted, different; strange, odd, curious, out of the ordinary, extraordinary, out of the way, unorthodox, uncustomary, unconventional, outlandish, offbeat, ivelivethi (UZL NC 2) velvet iveni (UZL NC 6) / ibhakhi (UZL NC 6) / isikeqane (UZL NC 5) van, police van, a bakkie, ivesi (UZL NC 2) verse ivesti (UZL NC 2) vest iveyili (UZL NC 2) veil, wedding gown, ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) an illegitimate person or child uve… uvelabahleke / usomahlaya (UZL NC 1.1) / ikhomediyeni (UZL NC 6) a comedian, an entertainer uvemvane (UZL NC 3) butterfly ve… vela / qhamuka / lunguza (isenzo / verb) appear, become visible, come into view, come into sight, materialize, take shape; informal pop up, bob up velabahleke / jabulisa / thokozisa (isenzo / verb) be a comedian, bring pleasure to people, entertain vele / vese / kunjalo / kadeni / empeleni / ekubeni / kodwa / kanti anyway, nonetheless, nevertheless, in spite of that/everything, nonetheless, even so, however, but, still, yet, though, be that as it may, for all that, anyhow, regardless velela / bonakala / donsa-amehlo / gqama / hluka / qhakamba (isenzo / verb) be outstanding, be remarkable, be excellent, be noticeable, be distinguishable, be visible, be extraordinary, be beyond expectation, be eye-catching, be vivid, be striking, be unavoidable, be distinct velile appeared, emerged, visible veteza (isenzo / verb) speak in foreign language, speak English, speak
Afrikaans, speak French, speak western languages veva / qhaqhazela (isenzo / verb) shake, vibrate, tremble, quiver, quake, shiver, shudder, judder, jiggle, wobble, rock, sway, swing, roll, oscillate; convulse, tremble, quiver, quake, shiver, shudder, shake like a leaf vevezela / qhaqhazelela shake for vevezelile / qhaqhazele shaken veveziswa / qhaqhazeliswa be shaken by veza / tshengisa (isenzo / verb) show, exhibit, display, put on show, put on view, expose to view, present, unveil, set forth; arrange, reveal, publicize, make public, make known, vezela show to, display to ivi… ivi (UZL NC 2) kneecap, patella ividiyo / ividyo / ifilimu (UZL NC 6)/ isithombe (UZL NC 5) a video, a film, a cinema, a show, iviki / isonto / iveki (UZL NC 2) a week ivila (UZL NC 2)/ isinamba (UZL NC 5) a lazy person, a slow person ivimbela (UZL NC 2) preventive charm (2) a water snake ivishini (UZL NC 6)/ iphuphompilo / iphuphomubono (UZL NC 2)/ umubono (UZL NC 1.2)/ iphuphofika (UZL NC 2)/ ungofika (UZL NC 1.1) vision, imagination, creativity, creative power, inventiveness, innovation, inspiration, intuition, perceptiveness, perception, breadth of view, foresight, insight, farsightedness, prescience, discernment, awareness, penetration, shrewdness, sharpness, cleverness. iviza / imvumengenazwe / iphasiphothi egunyaziwe / ingunyazo / ingunya (UZL NC 6) a visa; passport endorsement,
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iviyo / iqoqo (UZL NC 2)/ isiqhoqho (UZL NC 5) team, group, squad, side, band, bunch, company, party, gang, selection, crew, troupe, set, line-up, array; body, corps, cadre, partnership, alliance, working party, posse iviyo / impempe / ikhwela (UZL NC 2) a whistle uvi… uvi (UZL NC 1.1)/ uzungu (UZL NC 3) a plot, a conspiracy, a ploy, vi… vika / casha (isenzo / verb) take cover, protect, shield, shelter; envelop, enfold, engulf, enclose, tuck, cup, surround, house, sink, embed, bury, submerge, immerse. vikela / khusela / cashisa / hlenga (isenzo / verb) protect, keep safe, keep from harm, save, safeguard, shield, preserve, defend, cushion, shelter, screen, secure, fortify, guard, mount/stand guard on; watch over, look after, take care of, care for, tend, keep, mind, afford protection to, harbour, house, hedge, inoculate, insulate vikisa (isenzo / verb) cause to hedge vikwa (isenzo / verb) be avoided vilapha / nqena (isenzo / verb) be lazy, lethargic, listless, lacking in energy, unenergetic, lifeless, inert, inactive, slow, torpid, dull vimba/ /khalima (isenzo / verb) hinder, hamper, obstruct, impede, inhibit, check, arrest, restrict, limit, deter, curb, interrupt; halt, stop, bar, prevent, thwart, baulk, frustrate, foil, scotch, circumvent, vimba / nqanda / phezisa / phelisa / qeda / misa (isenzo / verb) stop, put an end to, put a stop to, bring to an end, end, bring to a stop, halt, bring to a halt; finish, bring to a close, terminate, bring to a standstill,
wind up, discontinue, cut short, interrupt, nip in the bud; immobilize, paralyse, deactivate, shut down. vimbela / nqandela / misela / phezisela (isenzo / verb) stop for, block, prevent, hinder, obstruct, impede, block, bar, preclude; dissuade from, hamper vimbezela / chithela isikhathi (isenzo / verb) delay, detain, hold up, make late, retard, keep (back), slow up, slow down, set back, bog down; hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct (2) attack, cause harm vimbezelile delayed, held up vimbisa (isenzo / verb) make one to stop, make one to obstruct vininiza / gijima / qhenqeleza (isenzo / verb) speed, hurry, run very fast, race, hit the road, sprint, dash, bolt, dart, rush, hasten, hurtle, career, streak, vithika (isenzo / verb) be worn out; be exhausted, be overused, wither, be disfigured vithiza / shaya (isenzo / verb) shatter, smash, smash to smithereens, break, break into pieces, burst, blow out; explode, implode; splinter, crack, fracture, fragment, disintegrate; informal bust, shiver. vithizeka/ thintitheka / vuthuluka (isenzo / verb) fall off, be destroyed, be ruined, be wrecked, be blasted, be blown off viva / hloma (isenzo / verb) forward, advance, consolidate, arm, get ready, go vivinya / phenya (isenzo / verb) interrogate, investigate, question, put questions to, cross-question, cross-examine, quiz, probe, catechize, sound out; interview, examine, debrief vivinya / hlola examine, inspect, survey, scrutinize, look at, look into, enquire into, study, investigate, scan, sift, delve into, dig into, explore, probe, check out, consider, appraise, weigh, weigh up,
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analyse, review, vet; subject to an examination.(2) vivinya / hlola e.g. Vivinya lezingane ukuze sibone ukuthi seziyasazi yini isiZulu noma isiNguni / Examine these kids to test their understanding of isiZulu and Nguni = test, quiz, question, set an examination for; assess, appraise.(3) Kumele balethe amagama abo bonke labo abazovivinywa / they must name all the participants to be examined = interrogate, put questions to, ask questions of, quiz, question, crossexamine, cross-question; catechize, give the third degree to, probe, sound out ivolontiya (UZL NC 2)/ uzinikele (UZL NC 1.1) a volunteer ivolovolo (UZL NC 2)/ isibhamu (UZL NC 5) a revolver, a gun, a pistol, ivondwe / igundane / ibuzi (UZL NC 2)/ imbiba (UZL NC 6) a rat specie, cane rat, a rat, a mouse, (2) scoundrel, wretch, rogue ivoti (UZL NC 2)/ ukhetho (UZL NC 3) vote, election ivovo (UZL NC 2)/ isisefo (UZL NC 5) a strainer, a filter, a sifter, a purifier ovocovoco (UZL NC 8.1) soft objects uvobo (UZL NC 1.1)/ okungenamusebenzi / okuyisithipha (UZL NC 4)/ udoti (UZL NC 1.1) useless thing, futile, pointless, purposeless, impractical, obsolete, refuse, waste (2) useless person, incompetent person, ineffective, worthless, ineffectual, incapable, inept, inadequate, hopeless, weak, bad, no good; uvo (UZL NC 3)/ umubono / umucabango (UZL NC 1.2)/ indlelakubona (UZL NC 6) a view, opinion, point of view, viewpoint, belief, judgement, reckoning, way of thinking, thinking, thought, notion, idea, conviction, persuasion, attitude, feeling, impression, concept, conception, hypothesis, theory,
thesis, estimate, estimation, conclusion, verdict; statement, observation, remark, point; angle, stance, posture, standpoint, approach uvocavoco (UZL NC 3)/ ukujima (UZL NC 4) exercise, physical activity, movement, exertion, effort, work; a work-out training, drilling; gymnastics, sports, games, PE (physical education), PT (physical training), aerobics, step aerobics, jogging, running, circuit training, isometrics, eurhythmics, keep-fit, dancercise, body-building (2) uvocavoco (UZL NC 3)/ ukuhlolwa (UZL NC 4) task, piece of work, problem, assignment, piece of school work, piece of homework, essay, examination (3) uvocavoco / uhlolokhono (UZL NC 3) professional skill assessment, practical assessment, practical use assessment, practical utilization evaluation, employment skill observation, practice, putting into practice, application, operation, exertion, performance, implementation, discharge, accomplishment. (4) uvocavocolwezempi (UZL NC 3) military exercises, manoeuvres, operations; war games, field day, game plan uvolo (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwuli (UZL NC 6) cottonwool, wool uvovo (UZL NC 3) honey-dew found in aloe, aloe juice uvoyizane (UZL NC 3)/ usawoti omahhadla (UZL NC 1.1)/ itshwayi (UZL NC 2)/ usawoti (UZL NC 1.1) course salt, rough salt voca / khama / vocavoca (isenzo / verb) squeeze, compress, press, crush, squash, pinch, nip, grasp, grip, clutch, flatten, knead; mash, pulp; wring, screw (2) exercise, work-out, work out, do exercises, keep fit, train, drill, engage in physical activity
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vokomala / khukhumala / vuvukala (isenzo / verb) swell up, be puffed, expand, bulge, distend, become distended, inflate, become inflated, dilate, become bloated, bloat, blow up/out, puff up, balloon, fatten, fill out, intumesce volontiya / sebenza ngaphandle kwenkokhelo (isenzo / verb) volunteer (2) volontiya / zinikele / sebenza ngaphandle kwenzuzo offer services without remuneration, offer services without pay, volunteer, offer, tender, proffer, present, put forward, put up, venture vongxa / gxambukela / xhwambukela / ngena izindaba ongazazi (isenzo / verb) interfere, fall into, jump into, butt into, barge into, pry into, nose into, be nosy about, intrude into, intervene in, get involved in, intercede in, encroach on, impinge on, impose oneself on, meddle in, tamper with, tread on someone's toes, step on someone's toes vongxa / ikha (isenzo / verb) scoop, hollow out, gorge out, dig out, excavate voshoka / hlonipha (isenzo / verb) curtsy, bob, genuflect, bend one’s knees when given something as part of appreciating the gesture of goodwill, bend one’s knees when talking or greeting the elders and respectable people voshozela / hlala phansi (isenzo / verb) sit down vota / khetha (isenzo / verb) vote, choose, elect, nominate, entrust, make one a representative, votela (isenzo / verb) vote for, elect someone as one’s representative in national, provincial or local government, elect someone as a member of school governing body votisa (isenzo / verb) make one to vote, lure one to vote
vova (isenzo / verb) squeeze, tumble dry, vovozela / chelela / manzisa (isenzo / verb) wet, dampen, damp, moisten, humidify; sprinkle, spray, splash; soak, saturate, waterlog, flood, deluge, douse, souse, drench; hose down, water, irrigate, ret, sop avu… avulayo opening UZL 7 as in amavesi avulayo (opening verses) evu… evulandi in / at / to / from the veranda ivu… ivukusi (UZL NC 2)/ imvukuzane (UZL NC 6)/ ishoshaphansi (UZL NC 2) a mole (2) a spy, a double agent, a secret agent ivukuthu (UZL NC 2) speckled pigeon, (2) speckled, flecked, specked, freckled, freckly, spotted, spotty, dotted, stippled, sprinkled, mottled, dappled, blotchy, brindled ivulandlela (UZL NC 2) boy-scout; (2) ivulandlela (UZL NC 2)/ umusunguli (UZL NC 1.2) a pioneer, a champion ivumo / iculo (UZL NC 2)/ isihlabelelo (UZL NC 5)/ ingoma (UZL NC 6)/ umubhedesho (UZL NC 1.2) tune, a chorus, song, melody, hymn, anthem, song of praise, canticle, chorale, psalm, carol, chant; antiphon, introit, doxology, spiritual, paean, plainsong ivumba / iphunga / iqaqa (UZL NC 2)/ ukunuka (UZL NC 4) smell, odour, whiff, aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, redolence, tang, bouquet, nose, stench, stink, reek, fetidness, effluvium, miasma; funk, fetor, mephitis ovu… ovulandi / ovelandi (UZL NC 8.1)/ imipheme (UZL NC 10) verandas, shelters
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ovumazonke (UZL NC 8.1)/amawesheweshe / amaphixiphixi (UZL NC 7)/ abazishaya emumva bazishaye phambili / abangenamugogodla (UZL NC 8.1) (check uvumazonke above, singular) ovuvuzela (UZL NC 8.1) trumpets (check uvuvuzela below) uvu… uvucu (UZL NC 3)/ imvucumvucu (UZL NC 6)/ udoti (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukungcola (UZL NC 4) rubbish, waste, garbage, litter, discarded matter, debris, detritus, scrap, dross; flotsa and jetsam, lumber, sweepings, leavings, leftovers, scraps, dregs, odds and ends, muck (2) useless, nonsense, meaningless, balderdash, gibberish, claptrap, blarney, blather, moonshine, hogwash, baloney, tripe, drivel, bilge, bosh, bull, bunk, rot, hot air, eyewash, piffle, poppycock, phooey, hooey, malarkey, twaddle, guff, dribble uvumazonke (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwesheweshe / iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2)/ ozishaya emumva azishaye phambili / ongenamugogodla (UZL NC 1.1) an irresolute, spineless, craven, cowardly, pusillanimous, timorous, timid, indecisive, ineffectual, useless, inept, effete, meek, tame, powerless, ineffective, impotent, namby-pamby, faint-hearted, weak-kneed, gutless, yellow-bellied, chicken-hearted, chicken uvuko / uzalobusha (UZL NC 3)/ ukuzalwa kabusha / ukuvuleka amehlo (UZL NC 4) awakening, arousal, rousing, triggering off, stirring up, kindling, stimulation, inspiration, birth, revival (2) uvuko / uvukelomubuso (UZL NC 3)/ umubhikisho (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukuketula (UZL NC 2) (ukuvukela umubuso, ukubhuqa phansi umubuso) uprising, revolt, insurrection,
mutiny, revolution, insurgence, insurgency, rising, rioting, riot; civil disobedience, civil disorder, unrest, anarchy, fighting in the streets; coup, regime change uvukuhlale / uvukuzakhe / uvukuzithathe/ uvukuphile / uzifozonke (UZL NC 1.1) a traditional / black African herb concoction believed to bring someone from bed ridden situation to absolute full health uvulandi / uvelanda (UZL NC 1.1)/ umupheme (UZL NC 1.2) shelter, veranda uvungu / unyatheloqiniso (UZL NC 3) (ukunyathelwa kweqiniso, ukugqitshwa kwemfihlo) ukumbondelana (UZL NC 4) suppressed matter of critical importance, a politically sensitive matter, concealment of top secret, confidentiality, classified nature, clandestineness, furtiveness, surreptitiousness, secretiveness, stealth, covertness, cloak and dagger, mystery, seclusion, privacy, concealment, shelter, solitariness, loneliness, retirement, isolation, remoteness, sequestration uvuso (UZL NC 3)/ ivuso (UZL NC 2)/ ukuboniswa (UZL NC 4) premonition, spiritual awareness, spiritual feeling, spiritual sensation, soul messages, consciousness at soul level, perception, spiritual recognition uvuvu / uphephela (UZL NC 1.1) propeller, uvuvumanzi (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwindimili (UZL NC 6) windmill uvuvuzela (UZL NC 1.1) toy trumpet, a trumpet, a South African soccer trumpet, a South African soccer international signature vu… vuba / xuba / hlanganisela / ndandanisa (isenzo / verb) mix, put together, blend, mingle, combine, put
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together, stir, jumble, merge; fuse, unite, unify, join, amalgamate, incorporate, fold in, meld, marry, mesh, compound, alloy, coalesce, homogenize, intermingle, intermix, interweave, interpenetrate, interlace; cross, cross-breed, hybridize, integrate, emulsify, premix, shuffle, shift around vubela (isenzo / verb) mix for (check vuba above) vuka / phaphama / vula amehlo / kelema / thayima (isenzo / verb) wakeup, wake, awake, awaken, waken-up, arise, rouse, stir, come to, come around; get up, get out of bed, bestir oneself, get going, come alive (2) Vuka emaqandeni ( literal translation = wake up from eggs = move out of one’s comfort zone, see a bigger picture, stir up, activate, stimulate, spur, prod, galvanize, enliven, refresh, invigorate, revitalize, inspire (3) realize, become aware of, become conscious of, become mindful of, become heedful of, become alert vukela / dayisa (isenzo / verb) turn against someone, betray, double cross vukelwa / qhenyelwa (isenzo / verb) be erect, have an erection, be horny (ii) to be betrayed, to be let down; to be double-crossed, to be deceived, to be cheated; to be informed on, to be informed against, to be given away, to be denounced, to be sold out, to be stabbed in the back vukani (isenzo / verb) wake up (many) vukubula / vula / mbula / veza (isenzo / verb) remove covering, , remove a lid, take off covering (2) pave the way, clear the way for, open the way for, make preparations for, make provision for, get ready for, lay the foundations for, do the groundwork for, put things in order, set the scene for, smooth the path of, usher in, herald, show in, harbinger, precede, be the forerunner
vukuza / imba (isenzo / verb) prepare soil, unearth, dig and lift the soil up, dig up, excavate, exhume, disinter, bring to the surface, mine, quarry, pull out, root out, scoop out, disentomb, unbury (2) reveal, expose, elicit, turn-up, dredge-up vukuzela (isenzo / verb) tilt vukusisa (isenzo / verb) cause to tilt vula / qhekeza / gqekeza/ gengeleza / qaqa (isenzo / verb) open, unlock, unlatch, unfasten, unlatch, unbolt, unbar, uncork, crack open, throw wide (a) vula izandla / open one’s hands = receive, welcome warmly, accommodate, understand, be compassionate vuleka / gengeleza (isenzo / verb) be open vulela (isenzo / verb) open for vulile opened vulisa (isenzo / verb) help open vulwa (isenzo / verb) be opened vulwe opened by vuma / amukela / yebo (isenzo / verb) agree, accept, say ‘yes’, concur, be of the same mind/opinion, see eye to eye, be in sympathy, sympathize, be united, be as one man, accord; acknowledge, admit, concede, grant, own, confess (2) Bavuma ukuxolela / They agreed to reconcile = consent, assent, accede, acquiesce in, accept, approve of, allow, admit, grant, comply with, undertake, go along with, say yes to, give one's approval to, give something the nod, recognize, acknowledge vumile agreed vumela give permission to, permit, allow vumisa make to agree, coerce, vunula / gqoka ngokuhloba / hloba ngengqephu / idla ingqephu (isenzo / verb) dress in one’s cultural / traditional / custom attire, dress in black African attire, celebrate ones tradition dress smartly (2) dress
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formally, wear evening dress, doll oneself up, dress to the nines, put on one's glad rags (3) disguise oneself, dress, put on fancy dress, wear a costume, put on a disguise, wear disguise vunda / bola (isenzo / verb) rot, decay, decompose, disintegrate, crumble, become rotten; corrode, perish, go bad, go off, spoil, go sour, moulder, go mouldy, taint; putrefy, fester, become gangrenous, mortify vunda / ceba / nona / thomba (isenzo / verb) be fertile, be fecund, be fruitful, be productive, be high-yielding, be prolific, be proliferating, be propagative, be generative, be rich, be lush, be fructuous vumazonke / thatheka / iba uthathekile (isenzo / verb) be spineless, be a ‘yes bass’, be unprincipled, agree on anything and everything, be docile, be subservient, be thoroughly colonized, be without self-respect and actualization vumela / pheleka (isenzo / verb) grant permission, agree to, give consent to vumelana / hambisana / ibanimuqondo -munye (isenzo / verb) agree with, compatible with, match, match up, accord, correspond, conform, coincide, fit, tally, harmonize, be in harmony, be in agreement, be consistent, be compatible, be consonant, be congruous, be in tune, equate, be equivalent, dovetail, chime, correlate (2)Bayavumelana nalesi sinqumo / They agree with this decision = in agreement, settle, decide, shake hands; arrange, arrive at, negotiate, work out, thrash out, hammer out, reach an agreement on, come to terms about, reach terms on strike a bargain, make a deal (5) Udle isidlo esivumelana naye / She has eaten food that is in agreement with her = agreeable to, be good for, be healthy for, be acceptable to
vuna / ikha isivuno / ikha isitshalo (isenzo / verb) harvest, reap, get rewards (2) vuna / tetemisa / khusela shield, overprotect, excessively protect, spoil, protect, keep safe, cover, shade, keep from harm, afford protection to, provide protection for, save, safeguard, wrap, preserve, conserve, defend, cushion, secure, guard, inoculate, insulate vumbula / vumbulula (isenzo / verb) decode, decipher, decrypt, unravel, untangle, work out, sort out, piece together, solve, interpret, translate, construe, explain, understand, comprehend, apprehend, grasp, make sense of, get to the bottom of, find the key to, find the answer to, throw light on vunela (isenzo / verb) reap for, harvest for vunisa (isenzo / verb) help reap harvest, help with harvesting, participate in harvesting vundisa / nonisa / cebisa / thombisa (isenzo / verb) enrich, fertilize, add fertilizer to, make more fertile, make more nutritious, improve, vitaminize, improve; compost, dung, manure, mulch, dress (2) enhance, make richer, improve, add to, augment, supplement, complement, boost, upgrade, reinforce; raise, lift, refine, polish, heighten, deepen, elevate, aggrandize, intensify, exalt vundula / vundulula / gubha / khipha (isenzo / verb) root-out, uproot, unearth, dig up, dig out, turn up, bring to light, uncover, discover, dredge up, ferret out, hunt out, nose out, expose, deracinate (2) vundula ukhula / take out weed = eradicate, get rid of, eliminate, weed out, remove, destroy, put an end to, do away with, wipe out, stamp out, extirpate, abolish, extinguish vundla (isenzo / verb) slant, slope, tilt, incline, be at an angle, angle, tip,
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cant, be askew, skew, lean, dip, pitch, shelve, list, bank, heel vungama / khononda / bhikisha / toyitoya / khala / sukuma (isenzo / verb) complain, mumble, protest, grumble, moan, whine, bleat, carp, cavil, lodge a complaint, make a complaint, make a fuss; object to, speak out against, rail at, oppose, lament, bewail, criticize, find fault with, run down, inveigh against vungula / bangula (isenzo / verb) floss, dental floss, clean in between teeth vunyelwa (isenzo / verb) be given permission to, be given a go ahead vunywa (isenzo / verb) be accepted, be received, be welcomed, be registered, have one’s application accepted, have a positive response vusa / phaphamisa (isenzo / verb) wake someone up, rekindle old memories (a) vusa amanxeba (literal opening of old wounds) = evoke, call up, conjure up, rouse, stir, revive, awaken, refresh, renew, resuscitate, revivify, rekindle, reignite, rejuvenate, stimulate vuselela (isenzo / verb) renew, revive, regenerate, revitalize, reinvigorate, restore, breathe new life into, resurrect, resuscitate, awaken, wake up, rejuvenate, stimulate; archaic renovate (2) resume, return to, pick up again, take up again, come back to, reopen, begin again, start again, restart, recommence vusela (isenzo / verb) waken up for vuselela (isenzo / verb) revive, resuscitate, reinvigorate, revitalize, reenergise vuseleliwe revived, rescucitayed, reinvigorated, revitalized vusile woken vuswe woken by vuswa (isenzo / verb) be woken up, be advised, be counseled, be made aware, be supported vutha / basa / basela / vutha amalangabi (isenzo / verb) burn, be on
fire, be alight, be ablaze, blaze, go up, go up in smoke, be in flames, be aflame; smoulder, glow, flare, flash, flicker vuthela / bhebhethela / basela / basela kakhulu (isenzo / verb) inflame, exacerbate, aggravate, make worse, worsen, compound; intensify, increase, heighten, magnify, add to, amplify, augment; make matters worse, compound the problem vuthisa / phemba / khulisa (isenzo / verb) cultivate, bring up, care for, provide for, take care of, attend to, look after, rear, support, raise, foster, parent, mother, tend, feed, nourish, provender, develop, grow, foster vuthiwe / lungile / phekekile cooked, done vuthula / vuthulula / vuthuza / thintitha (isenzo / verb) dust (off), brush (off), preen, primp, do, titivate, wipe, clean, buff, brush, sweep, mop vuthwa (isenzo / verb) be cooked, get cooked vuvukala / dumba (isenzo / verb) swell, be swollen, swell out, puff up, stick out, balloon, balloon up, fill out, bag, belly, project, protrude, jut (out), stand out, be prominent; expand, inflate, distend, dilate, enlarge, bloat, intumesce vuvuzela / qhola / qobela (isenzo / verb) garnish, powder, sprinkle, splash, trickle, spray vuvuzela / vuthela (isenzo / verb) blow, gust, puff, flurry, blast, roar, bluster vuya/ jabula / thokoza / thaba (isenzo / verb) be pleased, be happy, be glad, be overjoyed, be delighted, be excited, be thrilled vuyelwa / jabulelwa / thokozelwa / thabelwa (isenzo / verb) be congratulated, be commended, be complimented, be praised, be saluted, be admired vunyelwe given permission to
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vuza / gxiza / bhoboka (isenzo / verb) leak, seep (out), escape, ooze (out), exude, discharge, emanate, issue, drip, dribble, drain, bleed; spill, stream, gush out, spurt, spout, squirt, spew, jet (2) discharge, exude, emit, eject, release, drip, dribble, pour out, send forth, ooze, excrete, secrete (3)
…vr…
uvrandi / uvelanda (UZL NC 1.1)/ umupheme (UZL NC 1.2) veranda
…w…
awa… Awa… (UZL NC 7) They are of…, They belong to (2) They fell. Awabani? (UZL NC 7) Whose are they (prefix noun sound unit ‘ama…’ e.g amazambane / potatoes, amasi, / sour-milk, amafutha / oil or fat, amaqanda / eggs Awakhe. (UZL NC 7) They are his or her. Amazambane awakhe. / The potatoes are hers or his. Awakho (UZL NC 7) They are yours e.g. Amanzi awakho. / The water is yours. Awazi. (UZL NC 7) They do not know. , They have no clue., They are ignorant. ewa… ewashini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / to the watch iwa… iwa / ihhelekehle / igquma (UZL NC 2)/ intatshana (UZL NC 6) a cliff, precipice, rock face, face, crag, bluff, ridge, escarpment, scar, scarp, overhang iwa / dahlazeka / phahlazeka / gingqika / thanqazeka (isenzo / verb) drop, drop down, fall plummet, descend, come down, go down, plunge, sink, dive, nosedive, tumble, pitch; cascade, gravitate (2) Luyawa uhwebo lombila / the mielie trade is in decline = decrease, decline,
diminish, fall off, drop off, go down, grow less, lessen, dwindle; plummet, plunge, slump, sink, depreciate, decrease in value, lose value, decline in price, cheapen, devalue iwaka / iningi (UZL NC 2)/ inqwaba (UZL NC 6) large-number, majority, lots, many (2) iwaka (UZL NC 2)/ inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) = (1000 in isiXhosa), (inkulungwane = 1000 in isiZulu) iwakawaka (UZL NC 2)/ inkumbula (UZL NC 6)/ izinqwabanqwaba / izindimbane (UZL NC 9) a very large number, iwala / ihaba (UZL NC 2)/ ukubaxa (UZL NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement, overemphasis, magnification, amplification, aggrandizement, overplaying, dramatization, enhancement, over-elaboration, over-embellishment iwala (UZL NC 2)/ amawala (UZL NC 7)/ ubudedengu (UZL NC 8.2) carelessness, inattentiveness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, negligence, improvidence, absent-mindedness, irresponsibility, impetuosity, recklessness, rashness, laxity, laxness, slackness, clumsiness (2) iwala (UZL NC 2)/ amawala (UZL NC 7) exaggeration, overdose iwashi (UZL NC 2)/ uzobho (UZL NC 1.1) a watch, a clock iwashingi (UZL NC 6) laundry, dirty clothes iwayini UZL NC 2) wine iwayilense / ireyido (UZL NC 6) / umusakazo (UZL NC 1.2) a radio, transmission device owa… Owabani? (UZL NC 1.1) Whose is it? Owabo. (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 8.1) It is theirs. Owakhe. (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) It is his/hers./ his/hers Owakho. (UZL NC 1.1: second person, singular) It is yours. Uwa…
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uwabo / untanga / untangawabo (UZL NC 1.1) peer, age group, similar age, equal, equivalent, peer, fellow, coequal, like; mate, twin, alter ego, counterpart, match, parallel, compeer. uwabokazi / umunakwabo (UZL NC 1.1) woman that shares a man, husband, boyfriend with another woman or other women uwaca (UZL NC 3) a massacre, a catastrophe, (2) spread, scatter, span, width, extent, stretch, reach uwatela (UZL NC 1.1) wattle wa… wa… (remote past tense : UZL NC 1.1 & UZL NC 1.2) UThoko wafika emuhlanganweni / Thoko came to the meeting. wa… = (2nd person singular & UZL NC 1.1remote past tense sound-unit concord) e.g Wakhala. / You cried.. (2) UThandi wagibela ibhanoyi lasentathakusa mhlazane eya eMelika. / Thandi took the early morning flight, the day she travelled to America. waba of flapping, (2) waba (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 of UZL NC 7 or UZL NC 8.1) but ‘of ‘ only nouns with prefix vowel ‘a…’ ) of e.g, Lena indoda umalume wabantwana. / This man is the uncle of the children. ; Ubhanana wamantombazane. / A banana for the girls. wabo of them, their (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2 : 3rd person UZL NC 8.1) = umuntu wabo / He is their person/ their person, umuthi wabo / their medicine wahla / fa / vu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) slap wahlaza / khahlaza (isenzo / verb) rattle, clatter, bang, clang, clank, clink, clunk. wahle… / ekugcineni / ekupheleni kosuku / emumva kwalokho / emva kwalokho Wahle wafika / He ended up coming = finally, eventually, ultimately, in the end, by and by, at length, after a long time, after some time; at last, at long last,
at the end of the day (2) lastly, last, in conclusion, to conclude, in closing, to end, last but not least(3) conclusively, irrevocably, decisively, definitively, definitely, absolutely, for ever, for good, for all time, once and for all, permanently waka / khohlisa / gebenga / minca (isenzo / verb) swindle, cheat, rob, deceive, dupe, hoodwink, double-cross, fool, trick, defraud, wakhe (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) her/ his (3rd person) e.g umuzi wakhe / his/her house, umubhede wakhe / his/her bed, umuntwana wakhe / his/her child wakho (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of second person or third person , singular) , your, (2nd person) umushado wakho / your wedding wami (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of first second person, singular) my, (first person : Zulu opening vowel to the noun ‘u…’ excluding those followed by ut… ) e.g umama wami / my mother, ugogo wami / my grandmother, umukhulu wami / my grandfather, umushini wami / my machine, umuzi wami / my house Wala. S/He (UZL NC 1.1) denied. wanyaziza / yakaza (isenzo / verb) rinse, wash lightly, clean, cleanse, bathe, dip, drench, splash, hose down, swill, sluice; flush out/away, wash off, drip washa / hlamba / geza / cola (isenzo / verb) clean oneself, have a wash, wash oneself; bathe, bath, shower, have a bath/shower, take a bath/shower, soak, douche, freshen-up (2) Washa ubuso / Wash your face = clean, cleanse, sponge, scrub, wipe, scour (3) Washa udonga / Clean the walls = clean, cleanse, wash, sponge, scrub, mop, hose down, squeegee, sluice (down), swill (down), douse, swab (down), flush, disinfect(4) Amaphoyisa afika ewasha igazi / The police came when she was busy removing blood stains = wash off, remove by washing, sponge off,
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scrub off, wipe off, rinse off, remove, flush out/away, expunge, eradicate. (5) Washa izingubo / Wash clothes = launder, clean, tumble clean, hand wash, rinse (out); dry-clean, lave, wash and iron, (6) Ngizowasha izinwele zami namuhlanje / I’m going to wash my hair today = shampoo, lather, hair salon, clean, mend ones hair, titivate, (shampoo, condition, rinse, treat, moisturise and style) Wawa. (UZL NC 1.1 , UZL NC 1.2) S/he/ It fell. Wasa bo! / Waze wasa bo! You think you are smart. waso (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 5) e.g. Umusila (UZL NC 1.2) waso. (isilwane / animal: UZL NC 5) wayo (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 6 or 10) his / hers / its/ their e.g. Umusila wayo. (inyoka / snake UZL NC 6) = / Its tail. wazo (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 9) Umudlalo wazo. Their game . (izingane / children) awe… awe! / Awe Ma! Oh!, oosh! , oops, Oh! Mommy, Oh! My God awekho (UZL NC 7) amanzi awekho. / The water is finished. ewe/ yebo / ehe! / kunjalo (isandiso / adverb) yes, all right, alright, very well, of course, by all means, sure, certainly, absolutely, indeed, affirmative, in the affirmative, agreed, roger (2) agree, concur eweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / in the cliff. (2) Xhosa plural response= Yes eweni (undaweni / locative) at the edge of the cliff. Iwe… iwele (UZL NC 2) twin, identical twin iWeseli (UZL NC 2) Methodist Church, Wesley iwesheweshe (UZL NC 2) smoothtalker, glib person iwezi (UZL NC 2) a ferryman
uwe… uwejane (UZL NC 3) brewing trouble Uwena. It is you. uwenu / untanga / ongangawe (UZL NC 1.1) your peer, your match, your age group, your equal uweta (UZL NC 1.1) waiter uwethu / untanga (UZL NC 1.1) my peer, our peer, our match, my match, we… we (UZL NC 1.1, ongumunini/ possessive) of wedwa (second person, singular) alone wela / jomba / eqa (isenzo / verb) cross, cross-over, jump across, leap across, travel across welela (isenzo / verb) cross-over for welisa / cushisa (isenzo / verb) help one to cross (2) welisa / cushisa / phucula empower with knowledge enlighten, clarify wena (isabizwana / pronoun) you, wenu (UZL NC 1.1, isabizwana songumunini/ possessive pronoun) yours wenguka (isenzo / verb) whirl-about, be extremely angry and walk fast, wethu (isabizwana songumunini/ possessive pronoun) our e.g. umuntwana wethu / our child, umuhlaba wethu / our land. wethu / ntanga (UZL NC 1.1) my peer, my age group weza / phephisa/ hlenga (isenzo / verb) safeguard, protect, afford protection to, shield, screen, defend, guard, keep safe, shelter; preserve, conserve, look after, save, secure. iwi… iwigi (UZL NC 6) wig, artificial hair, synthetic hair iwili / intando (UZL NC 6) a will iwindi / ifasitela (UZL NC 2)/ intuba (UZL NC 6) window, casement, opening, aperture. iwisa (UZL NC 2)/ isagila / isiqwayi (UZL NC 5) knobkerrie wi…
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wina / phumelela (isenzo / verb) win, succeed, be triumphant, achieve, be an achiever, be victorious iwo… iwolitshi / i-orintshi (UZL NC 2) orange Iwolitshi. / isa-orintshi (UZL NC 6) It is orange., It is like orange colour iwozawoza (UZL NC 6)/ ugazi (UZL NC 3)/ ukuthandeka (UZL NC 4) ultimate attraction, appeal, attractiveness, desirability, seductiveness, seduction, allure, allurement, magnetism, animal magnetism, sexual magnetism, charisma, charm, lure, enticement, entrancement, temptation, inducement, interest, fascination, enchantment, captivation uwo… uwonawona (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwonawona (UZL NC 6)/ ungqo (UZL NC 1.1)/ okwangempela (UZL NC 4) genuine, original, authentic, real, actual, original, pukka, bona fide, true, veritable, unfeigned, unadulterated, unalloyed; sterling; attested, undisputed, rightful, legitimate, lawful, legal valid. uwonkewonke / wonke umuntu everyone, everybody, all of them, each one of them, the entire crew, wo… wodwa (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 – non-human nouns) only, alone wohloza / phephuka (isenzo / verb) fall off, fade, wither, be blown, diminish, drop off, go down, go downhill, wola / thatha / qoqa / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) collect, gather, accumulate, assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up woleka be collectable wolela (isenzo / verb) collect for wonke (UZL NC 1.1 human & UZL NC 7) everyone, all
wonke-uwonke all, everyone, everybody Wowu! Wow! Awu… Awukho no UZL 1.1 as in awukho umusebenzi (no work) Iwu… iwuli (UZL NC 6)/ uvolo (UZL NC 1.1) wool , cotton-wool iwundlu (UZL NC 2)/ umudlwane (UZL NC 1.2)/ ithole/ inkonyane (UZL NC 2) lamb, young animal, whelp, wu… wubani? (derogatory) / ungubani wena? Who are you? wuhluza / mukluza / sakaza / shaya / faka / phahlaza (isenzo / verb) hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, drub, hook, pound, smash, slam, welt, pummel, hammer, bang, knock, swat, whip, flog, cane, sucker-punch
…x…
Oxa… oxamu (UZL NC 8.1) monitor lizards uxa… uxamu (UZL NC 1.1) monitor lizard uxathawane (UZL NC 1.1) sloppy person, sloppy joe xa… xabana / ilwani / shayisana / muhluzana / phikisana (isenzo / verb) quarrel, argue, have a row, row, fight, disagree, fail to agree, differ, be at odds, have a misunderstanding, be in dispute (2) entangle, intertwine, entwine, tangle, intertwist, twist, ravel, snarl, knot, coil, mat, jumble, muddle xabanela / lwela / shayisanela / muhluzanela / phikisanela (isenzo / verb) fighter over something
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xabanisa / xova / qhatha (isenzo / verb) cause a fight, be instrumental in causing a fight, instigate, incite (2) xabana / xovana = cause entanglement xabaniswa (isenzo / verb) be made to fight xabaniswe entangled by (2) instigated by, be caused to fight by xaka / dideka / phithana (isenzo / verb) confuse, complicate, bewilder, baffle, mystify, bemuse, perplex, puzzle, confound, befog, nonplus, disconcert, xakanisa (isenzo / verb) cause confusion xakaniswa (isenzo / verb) be confused by, be perplexed by, be bewildered by xakaza (isenzo / verb) interfere, cause a rumble xakazisa (isenzo / verb) fight, have a struggle xakeka (isenzo / verb) be worried, be sad, be unsure, be unhappy xakwa (isenzo / verb) be confused by something xathuka (isenzo / verb) be dirty, be full of grime, be filthy xazulula (isenzo / verb) solve, answer, resolve, work out, puzzle out, fathom, find the key to, decipher, decode, break, clear up, interpret, translate, straighten out, get to the bottom of, make head or tail of, unravel, disentangle, untangle, unfold, piece together, explain, expound ixe… ixebe / inuku (UZL NC 2)/ indaxa (UZL NC 6)/ idaxa (UZL NC 2)/ uxathawane (UZL NC 1.1) a very untidy person, a very dirty person, a stinking person uxe… uxegiso (UZL NC 3) temporal suspension, loosening, xe… xebuka (isenzo / verb) pull off, disassociate, separate, detach,
disconnect, sever, cut off, divorce, set apart, segregate, distinguish; isolate, alienate xebula / hluba (isenzo / verb) peel off, remove outer skin, shave (off), remove, take off, flay; technical excoriate xebulwa (isenzo / verb) be peeled off, be exploited, be beaten xega / thamba (isenzo / verb) be loose, loose, be soft, be not fixed, be insecure, unsecured, be unattached, be detached, be unfastened, be wobbly, be rickety, be unsteady, be movable xegisa / thambisa (isenzo / verb) loosen, make slack, slacken, slack, unstick; unfasten, detach, release, disconnect, undo, unclasp, unlatch, unbolt xegisela / nikezela ushwele (isenzo / verb) loosen for, be lenient, grant mercy xegiselwa have leniency, have mercy ixi… ixilongo / icilongo (UZL NC 2)/ uvuvuzela (UZL NC 1.1) trumpet xi… xibula (isenzo / verb) cut and turn over xika / bhixa / gcoba kakhulu (isenzo / verb) apply handsomely, paste handsomely, substantially paste, pumper abundantly xikile pasted too much, over applied xikixiwe scratched xikiza / hlikiza/ cikiza (isenzo / verb) scratch, cross out, strike out, score out, erase, remove, strike off, eliminate, cancel, expunge, obliterate, delete, xilonga / hlola / bhekisisa (isenzo / verb) examine the body, perform physical examination xina (isenzo / verb) pressurize, coerce, pressure, press, push, persuade, influence, force, squeeze, bulldoze,
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hound, harass, nag, harry, badger, goad, prod, pester, xinekile / matasatasa under pressure, busy, occupied, engaged xineka / xakeka (isenzo / verb) be under a lot of pressure xiniwe pressured xinwa (isenzo / verb) be pressured, be pushed, be pressed, be coerced (a) xinwa ukugula be very sick, be chronically ill (b) xinwa isikhathi be under pressure with time ixo… ixoki / iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2) trouble monger, inciter of evil, agitator of bad blood, a fomenter , troublemaker, agent provocateur, ringleader ixoxo / isele / iselesele (UZL NC 2) frog uxo… uxolo (UZL NC 3) / ukuthula (UZL NC 4) peace, tranquillity, calm, calmness, restfulness (2) serenity, peacefulness, tranquillity , equanimity, calm, calmness, composure, placidity, placidness, rest, repose, ease, comfort, contentment, content, contentedness, security; bliss, joy, nirvana. 3) Abantu bafuna uxolo bakhathele ilemibhikisho kohulumeni basekhaya / People want peace, they are tired of these municipal protests = law and order, lawfulness, order, peacefulness, peaceableness, harmony, harmoniousness, accord, concord, amity, amicableness, goodwill, friendship, cordiality, nonaggression, non-violence, ceasefire, respite, lull (4) Inhlangano yezizwe ifuna zonke izizwe eziklwebhanayo ziphezise ukulwa zakhe uxolo / The United Nations is pleading with all countries which are fighting to stop and instead focus on making peace =
treaty, truce, ceasefire, armistice, end/cessation/suspension of hostilities, moratorium, agreement, alliance, concord, appeasement, reconciliation xoka / phosisa / qamba-amanga / senga ezimithiyo (isenzo / verb) lie, fabricate, make false statements, tell a lie, tell a falsehood, fib, fabricate, invent a story, make up a story, falsify, dissemble, dissimulate xokela / qambela amanga (isenzo / verb) lie about someone xokiza / phixiza (isenzo / verb) rumour monger, spread false statements, lie about other people xokozela / banga umusindo (isenzo / verb) make noise, talk loud, cause disturbance with noise, mumble loudly, be noisy xola / dlulisa / phephisa (isenzo / verb) forgive, pardon, excuse, let go, exonerate, absolve, acquit, let off, grant an amnesty to, amnesty; make allowances for, stop feeling resentful towards, feel no resentment towards, stop feeling malice towards, feel no malice towards, harbour no grudge against, bury the hatchet with, let bygones be bygones, exculpate (2) Xola uzosijwayela lesisimo / Forgive as you shall get used to this situation = excuse, overlook, disregard, ignore, pass over, make allowances for, allow; condone, let go, let pass, sanction, turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to, wink at, connive at, blink at, indulge, tolerate xolela (isenzo / verb) forgive someone xolelwa (isenzo / verb) be forgiven xolisa /nxephezela / shweleza (isenzo / verb) apologise, show remorse, say sorry, express regret, be apologetic, make an apology, ask forgiveness, beg someone’s forgiveness, ask for pardon, beg someone’s pardon xolisela plead for mercy for
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xoliselwa have mercy pleaded on one’s behalf xosha / gxosha (isenzo / verb) chase away, dismiss, discharge, give someone their notice, make redundant, lay off, let go, throw out, get rid of, oust, depose, sack, give the sack to, axe, kick out, boot out, give someone the boot, give someone the elbow, give someone the push, give someone their marching orders, show someone the door xoshela fire because, dismiss as a result of xoshelwa be fired because of, be dismissed as a result of xoshisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to be chased away, cause one to be fired, xoshwa (isenzo / verb) be fired., be dismissed xova / bonda / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) mix , blend (2) xova / xabanisa / qhatha / enza-nzima= confuse, muddle, jumble, garble, make complex, make difficult, blur, obscure, make unclear, cloud, obfuscate, embroil (3) xova / dida / phithanisa = mix up, muddle up, confound; misinterpret as, mistake for, take for xoxa / khuluma / thetha (isenzo / verb) talk, speak, give voice, chat; chatter, gossip, prattle, prate, babble, rattle on, blather, blether, orate (2) xoxa umubhedo / talk rubbish = utter, speak, say, voice, express, articulate, pronounce, enunciate, verbalize, vocalize (3) xoxa nabo / talk to them = converse, communicate, speak to them discuss things, have a talk, have a chat, have a tête-à-tête, confer, consult each other, negotiate, have negotiations, parley, palaver, confabulate. (4) Zange waxoxa ngomuzi wakhe / He never spoke about his house. = mention, make mention of, refer to, make reference to, speak about, discuss.
xoxela / tshela (isenzo / verb) speak about something to someone, talk to, discuss with xoxisa (isenzo / verb) speak to, talk to, converse with, communicate with xoxisana (isenzo / verb) discuss with, speak with, talk with, ixu… ixube /ixubi (UZL NC 2)/ ingxube (UZL NC 6) mixture, blend, brew, fusion, concoction, (2) assortment, miscellany, medley, blend, variety, mixed bag, mix, diversity, collection, selection, assemblage, combination, motley collection, conglomeration, jumble, mess, confusion, mishmash, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, ragbag, pastiche, patchwork, farrago, hash (3) cross, cross-breed, mongrel, hybrid, half-breed, half-caste. xu… xuba / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) mix, blend, brew, fuse, xubana (isenzo / verb) be mixed xubela (isenzo / verb) mix for xubha (isenzo / verb) brush one’s teeth xukuza (isenzo / verb) shake (2) attend ante-natal clinic during pregnancy xukuzela (isenzo / verb) shake for xuza / enza ngokweqisa (isenzo / verb) strain, overtax, overwork, overburden, overextend, overreach, overtask, make too many demands on, run/work oneself into the ground, exert excessively, drive too far, exert to the limit, push to the limit; exhaust, wear out, fatigue, tire, tax; overdo it, work too hard
…xh…
exha… exhaphozini in / at / to / from the wetland
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ixha… ixhala (UZL NC 2)/ uvalo (UZL NC 3)/ ingebhe (UZL NC 6) anxiety, nervousness, nerves, edginess, tension, tenseness, stress, misgiving, trepidation, foreboding, suspense, worry, concern, apprehension, apprehensiveness, consternation, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness, fear, disquiet, disquietude, perturbation, fretfulness, agitation (2) burning desire, propensity, his propensity for accidents: tendency, inclination, predisposition, proneness, proclivity, readiness, susceptibility, liability, disposition; aptness, penchant, leaning, predilection, bent, habit, weakness. ixhaphozi (UZL NC 2) swamp, wetland, marsh, bog, quagmire, mire, morass, fen, sump; swampland, marshland, fenland, wetland oxha… oxhaphayo (UZL NC 1.1) the lapping one oxhaphazayo (UZL NC 1.1) the exploitative one uxha… uxhafuxhafu (UZL NC 3)/ ingxavungxavu (UZL NC 6) bad food, tasteless and watery food, boiled overcooked and tasteless food uxhakaxhaka / inyakanyaka / inyovanyova / ingxakixhaka / ingxaki / ingxovongxovo complexity, convolution, intricacy, density uxha… uxhaso (UZL NC 3)/ inxaso (UZL NC 6)/ usizo / uncedo (UZL NC 3)/ ukulekelelwa (UZL NC 4) support, assistance, help, aid, financial support, grant, subsidy, donation, funding, contributions, subsidies, benefits, welfare, gifts, social grants, low cost housing, relief, charity, child
maintenance, financial assistance, subvention, alms, offerings, handouts, largesse, patronage, sponsorship, backing, scholarships, bursaries, debt remission uxhaxha (UZL NC 3)/ isiminyaminya / isidlidli (UZL NC 5) dense, close-packed, closely packed, tightly packed, closely set, thick, packed, crowded, crammed, jammed together, compressed, compacted, compact, solid, tight, overgrown, jungle-like, impenetrable, impassable, thickset. Xha… xhamazela / tatazela (isenzo / verb) panic, be alarmed, be scared, be nervous, be afraid, overreact, become panic-stricken, take fright, be filled with fear, be terrified, be agitated, be hysterical, lose one's nerve, be perturbed, get overwrought, freak, freak out (2) frighten, alarm, scare, unnerve, fill with panic, agitate, horrify, terrify, freak, freak out, spook xhantela / xhobana (isenzo / verb) be connected to another, be systematic, xhapha / huhuza (isenzo / verb) lap, drink, lick up, sip, sup, swallow, slurp, gulp, swill, suck. xhaphaza / cindezela / hlukumeza (isenzo / verb) exploit, take advantage of, make use of, abuse, impose on, prey on, play on, misuse, ill-treat, bleed, suck dry, squeeze, wring, enslave, treat unfairly, withhold rights from; manipulate, cheat, swindle, fleece, victimize, xhaphaka / anda (isenzo / verb) abundance, profusion, plentifulness, profuseness, scores, copiousness, amplitude, affluence, lavishness, bountifulness, infinity, opulence, exuberance, luxuriance; host, plenitude, cornucopia, riot, plenty, a lot, mass, quantities
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xhaphakela (isenzo / verb) spill over something xhaphazela (isenzo / verb) splash, sprinkle, spray, spritz, shower, splatter, slosh, slop, squirt; daub; wet. xhantela / ngenelela (isenzo / verb) intrude, encroach, trespass, impinge, butt in, overlap, barge in, cut in, obtrude, impose oneself; invade, infiltrate, interrupt, infringe, violate, interfere with, disturb, disrupt; tread on someone's toes, step on someone's toes, entrench on. xhasa / siza / lekeleza (isenzo / verb) aid, help, support, lend a hand to, be of service to; avail, succour, sustain; support, back, back up, second, stand by, uphold xhawula / bamba ithambo (isenzo / verb) shake hands, xhaxhazisa (isenzo / verb) make wet ixhe… ixhegu / ikhehla (UZL NC 2) / umukhulu / umuxhiliba (UZL NC 1.2) old man, old age man, a male elderly, a grey hair man xhe… xhela / hiba / klinya (isenzo / verb) choke, gag, retch, cough, struggle for air, fight for breath, gasp, suffocate, asphyxiate, smother, stifle; overpower, overcome. xheleka / hibeka / klinyeka (isenzo / verb) be choking, be gagging, be retching, xhelwa / hibekiswa / klinywa (isenzo / verb) be choked by someone or something, be gagged by someone or something, be retched by someone or something, xhela / nquma / hlinza (isenzo / verb) slaughter, butcher, slit, cut, slash, split open, slice open, gash, lacerate, make an incision in, tear, rip, pierce, knife, lance
ixhi… ixhiba / ikoyi (UZL NC 2) temporal accommodation, temporal shelter, backyard accommodation not linked to the house usually made out of moveable materials xhi… xhifi (isenzukuthi / ideophone) Kumane kwathi xhifi ngenkathi ekhuluma / I just had a crushing feeling when he spoke = crush, mortify, humiliate, abash, chagrin, deflate, demoralize, flatten, squash; devastate, shatter; xhifiza / tifiza (isenzo / verb) (something soft) crush, squash, squeeze, press, compress; pulp, mash, macerate, mangle, flatten, trample on, tread on; xhixha / chocha / chicha (isenzo / verb) be oily, be greasy, (2) suppurate, fester, form pus, swell up, gather, discharge, rot, run, weep, ooze, come to a head, maturate, matter. Ixho… ixhokovu (UZL NC 2) / umukhukhu (UZL NC 1.2) / indlwana (UZL NC 6) roughly built house, a shack made out of scraps and rubble, a small house, an untidly built hut xhoba /xhobana / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) collect and form a system, gather, accumulate, assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, run up, scrape together, store up, hoard, save, cumulate, lay in, garner, mass, increase, multiply, accrue, snowball, top up, stash together to form one heap xhokozela / chukuluza (isenzo / verb) tease, make fun of, poke fun at, chaff, make jokes about, rag, mock, laugh at, guy, satirize, be sarcastic about; deride, ridicule, scoff at, jeer at, jibe at, taunt, bait, goad, pick on
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xho… xhoma / gxumeka (isenzo / verb) peg, hold down, keep down, fix, set, hold, control xhopha (isenzo / verb) hurt the eye, cause temporal blindness, blind, cause visual impairment, (2) trick, swindle, hoax, fraud, confidence trick xhoza (isenzo / verb) chip off, fragment, crack, break off, pull out, xhu… xhuga / kheleza (isenzo / verb) limp, hobble, walk with a limp, walk with difficulty, walk lamely, walk haltingly, walk unevenly, falter; shuffle, shamble, totter, dodder, stagger, stumble xhugela / khelezela (isenzo / verb) limp towards, hobble towards, falter towards xhuma / hlanganisa / namathisela (isenzo / verb) connect, attach, join, fasten, fix, affix, couple, link, bridge, secure, make fast, tie, tie up, bind, fetter, strap, rope, tether, truss, lash, hitch, moor, anchor, yoke, chain; stick, tape, adhere, glue, bond, cement, fuse, weld, solder; pin, peg, screw, bolt, rivet, batten, pinion, clamp, clip, add, append, annex, subjoin, concatenate (2) associate, link, couple; identify, equate, bracket, compare; think of something together with, think of something in connection with, relate to, mention in the same breath as, set side by side with, draw a parallel with xhumana (isenzo / verb) get in touch with, xhumanisa (isenzo / verb) connect with, attach with, fix with, join with, (2) facilitate communication, facilitate discussion, facilitate a discourse xhumela (isenzo / verb) connect for, attach for xhuxhuma / gcogcoma (isenzo / verb) be restless, uneasy, ill at ease, restive, fidgety, edgy, on edge, tense, worked
up, nervous, agitated, anxious, on tenterhooks, keyed up, apprehensive, unquiet, impatient, be jumpy, be jittery xhuxhuza (isenzo / verb) bubble (sound) , boiling sound e.g isisu sakhe siyaxhuxhuza / His tummy is making a bubbling sound xhuxhuzela (isenzo / verb) be bubbly, have bubbly sound in ones tummy, boil water to create a bubbly sound
…xhw…
ixhwala (UZL NC 2) / uvalo (UZL NC 3) / ixhala (UZL NC 2) anxiety, depression xhwala (isenzo / verb) be terminally ill, be chronically ill, be immobile as a result of severe illness (2) be morally corrupted, be depraved, debauch, debase, degrade, make degenerate, defile, sully, pollute, poison, contaminate, infect, demoralize, vitiate xhwanguza / gcweleza (isenzo / verb) act savagely, savage, be ferocious, be fierce, wild, untamed, undomesticated, feral; predatory, ravening xhwanguzela (isenzo / verb) be acting in a savagery manner, be acting like an animal, be selfish, act selfishly ixhwele (UZL NC 2) (iba ngu-alifakwa libuya nodaka) / undlovukayiphikiswa / umina (UZL NC 1.1)/ impondomisa (UZL NC 6) an intemperate person, immoderate, excessive, undue, inordinate, unreasonable, unjustified, unwarranted, uncalled for, extreme, unrestrained, unrestricted, uncontrolled, unbridled, uncurbed, imprudence, reckless, wild, outrageous, egregious; dissolute, debauched, wanton, dissipated, dissipative
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…xw… xwasa / cwasa / khetha iphela emasini (isenzo / verb) discriminate, be biased, show prejudice, be prejudiced; treat differently, treat as inferior, treat unfairly, put at a disadvantage, disfavour, be intolerant towards; victimize (2) differentiate, distinguish, draw apart, recognize a distinction, tell the difference, discern a difference; separate, tell apart Nguni saying= Khetha iphela emasini / separate a cockcroach from sour milk – English equivalent = (i) separate the sheep from the goats, (2) separate the wheat from the chaff. xwaya / ngabaza / sola / shwama (isenzo / verb) have a misgiving, have qualm, doubt, reservation, scruple; suspicion, distrust, mistrust, lack of faith, lack confidence, diffidence, have second thoughts, niggle, disquiet, disquietude, hesitation, hesitance xwayisa / qwashisa / bonisa (isenzo / verb) warn, advise, exhort, urge, counsel, caution; put on the alert, put someone on guard (2) notify, alert, apprise, give notice, inform, tell, let someone know, make someone aware, give a warning to, give fair warning to, forewarn, put someone on notice, guard, remind, raise the alarm, sound the alarm, tip off, put wise uxwembe (UZL NC 3) / isixwembe (UZL NC 5) broad flat object
…y…
Aya… Ayanda. (UZL NC 7) They are multiplying. They = amantombazane / girls, amajaji / judges. Ayazi. (UZL NC 6 & 10) S/He/ it (UZL NC 6) doesn’t know. ; They (UZL NC 10) do not know. (2) Ayazi. (UZL NC 7) They know. They = amantombazane /
girls, amajaji / judges, amabhungu / young men. *** Please note that ‘Ayazi’ if used in the context of UZL NC 6 denotes negation, yet if used in the context of plural noun with prefix ‘ama…’ or ‘ame…’ nouns is positive. Ayathanda. (UZL NC 7) They like… (plural sound unit ‘ama…’) Eya… Eyabo. (UZL NC 8.1 or UZL NC 8.2) It is theirs. eyadini (undaweni /locative) at / in / from / to the yard Eyako. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 4) It for it. Eyakho. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for you) It for you.; They are for you. Eyalo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 2) It for it. Eyami. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10) It mine.; It is for me. Eyaso. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 5) It for it. Eyawo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 7) It for them. Eyayo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is for it.; It for them. Eyazo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 9)It for them. Iya… iya./ yana / hamba! (isenzo / verb) go, go on, move, move on, proceed, travel, walk, pass iyadi / ibala / igceke / iphandle (UZL NC 2) yard, ground, backyard, garden; courtyard, court, quadrangle, enclosure, cloister, close, outside (2) quad, workshop, works, factory, garage, plant, foundry, mill, industrial unit, business unit; shipyard; manufactory iyabi / igqabi / ikhasi / icembe (UZL NC 2) a leaf Iya khona. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going there. It is going exactly there. UZL
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NC 10 = They (plural noun with prefix ‘imi…’ Iya lena. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going there.; It is going to the opposite direction. (2) Go there. UZL NC 10 = They (plural noun with prefix ‘imi…’ Iyaya. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going. Uya… uyaba / uyaca (UZL NC 3) ground-cover, ground cover plants, spreading plants (2)uyaca (UZL NC 3) spread out, spread out arrangement, spread out array , uyacu (UZL NC 3) , swiftness, something that moves at lightening speed yabela / abela / hlukanisela / hlephulela (isenzo / verb) share, split, divide, go halves in/with, go fiftyfifty in, (2) apportion, portion out, divide up, allocate, ration out, give out, distribute, dispense, hand out, dish out, deal out, dole out, parcel out, measure out; carve up ya… yabo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10: UZL NC 8.1) their, e.g. imoto yabo / their car (ii) yakaza / hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse, remove residue of soap and other chemicals, wash out, wash lightly, clean, cleanse, bathe, dip, drench, splash, hose down, swill, sluice; flush out/away, wash off. yakaza / hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse, remove residue of soap and other chemicals, wash out, wash lightly, clean, cleanse, bathe, dip, drench, splash, hose down, swill, sluice; flush out/away, wash off. yakho (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 10 : second person, singular) your e.g imoto yakho / your car (ii) ithambo lakho / your bone yala / ala / chitha / phikisa (isenzo / verb) refuse, deny, reject, dismiss, be opposed, yalela / nqaba (isenzo / verb) refuse for e.g Yalela ingane yakho ukuya
emudansweni / Refuse your child to go to the disco. yalela / bikezela (isenzo / verb) give directions to, show/point/indicate the way; guide, steer, lead; conduct, accompany, usher, escort, navigate, pilot. yalezela / phathisa / khonza (isenzo / verb) entrust to send message on behalf of, direct to pass on something or message , convey, pass on, impart, communicate, transmit, transfer; send, deliver, relay, purvey, tell.(2) yalezela / nikezela = entrust, commit, put into someone's hands, consign, assign, render, commend. yalo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3) of him / his/ her/ hers/ its (i) imoto yalo / his or her car (ii) imoto yalo unwabu / a car of a chameleon. yaluza / gcaluza / gcogcoma / yehla wenyuka (isenzo / verb) be restless, be jumpy, be fidgety, go up and down, move about, walk about yami (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : first person, singular) my, mine e.g imoto yami / my car yako (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 4) of yamezela / nyamezela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) be patient, persevere, persist, continue, carry on, go on, keep on, keep going, not give up, struggle on, hammer away yaso (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 5) UZL NC 6 or UZL NC of (it/his/her…sound unit starting ‘is…’ ) imoto yaso yawo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 7) of yayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) of (it/ his/ her … sound unit starting with ‘in…’ or ‘im..) yazo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 9) its, theirs e.g. Ingane yazo (izintombi / ladies) / A child of ladies. Ingane = UZL NC 6, izintombi = UZL NC 10. Eyenu. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is yours. Or They are yours. Eyethu. It is ours. Or They are ours. iyembe / ihembe (UZL NC 2) shirt
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iyenga (UZL NC 2)/ isinengiso (UZL NC 5)/ umuphingi (UZL NC 1.2) seducer, a decoy, a tempter, womanizer, philanderer, deceiver, adulterer iyeza (UZL NC 2)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2)/ iselapho (UZL NC 5)/ ikhambi (UZL NC 2) healing herbs, medicine, healing medicinal concoction oyedwa (UZL NC 1.1 human only ) one, only, alone. Sifuna umuntu oyedwa kuphela. / We want only one person. Uyedwa. (UZL NC 1.1) S/he is alone. uyekelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukudedela / ukubekezelela / ukuvumela (UZL NC 4) forbearance, tolerance, toleration, patience, resignation, endurance, fortitude, stoicism, longsufferingness, leniency, lenity, clemency, indulgence; restraint, selfrestraint, self-control, moderation, temperance, mildness. uyengezi / ugengezi (UZL NC 3) a broad mouthed vessel ye… - UZL NC 6 of… UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 Yebo / ehhe / kunjalo / impela yes, yedwa (UZL NC 1.1 human noun only) a lone, one yeka / yekela / shiya (isenzo / verb) leave it, forget it, abandon, renounce, relinquish, dispense with, forswear, disclaim, disown, disavow, discard, wash one's hands of; give up, drop, do away with, jettison; informal ditch, scrap, scrub, axe, junk yekela / dedela let off yekelela / bukelela / shaya indiva (isenzo / verb) disregard, take no notice of, pay no attention to, ignore, pay no heed to, pass over, shut one's eyes to, be oblivious to, turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to, brush aside, shrug off, push aside, never mind, look the other way (2) Wayekelela ingane yakhe isebunzimeni / He ignored her child during difficult times = snub, slight, spurn, shun, disdain, look right through, look past, turn one's back on, give someone the cold
shoulder, cold-shoulder, freeze out, steer clear of (3) Uthishomukhulu wayekela imibono yabazali / The school principal ignored advice(s) from parents = set aside, pay no attention to, take no account of, veto; break, contravene, fail to comply with, fail to observe, disobey, breach, defy, flout, fly in the face of; omit, leave out, bypass, overlook, neglect, disregard, exclude yena (UZL NC 1.1 human pronoun) s/he yenu (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 of yours) yours, your e.g Imali yenu. / Your money. yenga / thatheka (isenzo / verb) allure, lure, entice, induce, inveigle, ensnare; tempt, seduce; entrap, snare, trap. yengeka /iba nguthathekile / thatheka (isenzo / verb) be decoyed into, be allured to, be seduced into, be enticed, be tempted yengela / halelela (isenzo / verb)envy something for another, be tempted on behalf of another yeshe! / hheshe! (usually male greeting to another man) yeshi! Mame, Hhu! Hayi dade (sarcastic) oh! Woo! Wow!, I see yeshila!, yeshula!, Shosho! (sarcastic) good for you , serves you right yethu (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 of ours) our, ours. Imbongolo yethu. / Our donkey.; Imiphakathi yethu. / Our communities. oyihlo / obaba bakho (UZL NC 8.1) your fathers oyihlokazi / oyisekazi / obabekazi bakho (UZL NC 8.1) paternal aunt, your father’s sister, father’s female siblings oyihlo abadala / oyise abadala / obaba-abadala bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his or her senior father, his or her father’s elder brothers
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oyise abancane / obaba abancane bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his or her younger father’s brothers oyihlo abakhuli / oyise abakhulu / obaba-abakhulu bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his or her grand fathers uyihlo / ubaba wakho (UZL NC 1.1) your father uyihlokazi / uyisekazi / ubabekazi wakho (UZL NC 1.1) paternal aunt, your father’s sister, father’s female sibling uyihlo omudala / uyise omudala / ubabomudala wakhe (UZL NC 1.1) his or her senior father, his or her father’s elder brother uyise omuncane / ubabomuncane wakhe (UZL NC 1.1)his or her younger father’s brother uyihlo omukhulu / uyise om’khulu / ubabomukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) his or her grand father Uyini? / Uyini wena? What are you? Yi… / I… It Yibo. / Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1 or UZL NC 8.2) It is them. yiba/ iba be… (i) Yiba nguwe ungalinge ushintshe / Just be yourself, don’t change Yibo. / Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. Yibona bobane. / Yibo bonane. (UZL NC 8.1) It is the four of them. Yibo bonke. / Yibona bonke. (UZL NC 8.1) It is all of them. Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. Yibo kanye. / Yibona kanye. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them for sure. Yiko. ? Yikona. (UZL NC 4) It is it. Yikuphi? / ikuphi? (UZL NC 4) Which one? Yikhona. / Ikhona. It is here.; It is this. ; so that Yilona. / Yilo. (UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3) It is it. yima / ima / linda (isenzo / verb) wait, hang on Yimina. / Imina. It is me. Yini? What?
Yini ngawe? What is the matter with you? / What is wrong with you? yingakho / yingakho nje that is why… Yini yona lena? What is this? yisa / hambisa take to yisa / dedelela / chwensa (isenzo / verb) be rude yise / Ihambise (UZL NC 6) take it to Yiso. / Yisona. (UZL NC 5) It is it.. Yiyo. / Yiyona. / Iyo. / Iyona. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is it. or It is them. Yiwo. / Yiwona. (UZL NC 7) It is them. Yizo. / Yizona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. iyoyo (UZL NC 6) yoyo Yona (UZL NC 6 or 10) it / them = UZL NC 6; them = UZL NC 10 yodwa (UZL NC 6 or 10) alone; only yonke (UZL NC 6 or 10) all of it; or all of them, in their entirety iyunifomu / inyufomu / umufaniswano (UZL NC 6) uniform, regalia
…z…
aza… & eza Azande. They (UZL NC 9) should multiply. E.g. Azandiswe. They (UZL NC 9) should be multiplied. *** Words with prefix sound unit ‘eza…’ can be locatives, possessives, question words and answer words concord to UZALO Noun Clusters 9. IsiZulu language concords are arranged according to noun clusters. Once a conversation or communication contains prefix eza… sound unit, automatically the subject noun under discussion is UZL NC 9. Pay attention to the subsequent sound unit as it brings or introduces the object noun. In this session we are going to demonstrate how prefix sound unit ‘eza…’ works with other noun clusters. Herewith are the examples: UZL NC = UZALO Noun Cluster: UZL NC 1.1 &
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1.2 (human noun) = Ezamuphi umuntu lezi izingane? Which person do these children belong to? Note that there are two nouns in this sentence namely umuntu = UZL NC 1.1 and izingane = UZL NC 9. Remember, that we know which noun clusters these words belong to because of their prefixes and how they pluralise. Refer to the 12 UZALO Noun Cluster Charter. Also note that we have also stipulated the nature of the UZL NC 1.1. We have put in bracket (human noun). In other words ezamuphi strictly applies to human nouns in UZL NC 1.1. If it is non-human we say “ezawuphi umuthi lezi izinto?” which could be in UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2. For example ugwava / guava will be in UZL NC 1.1 because when it pluralises it becomes ogwava / guavas, the same as ugogo / grandmother who pluralises as ogogo / grandmothers. However, when we utilise prefix ‘eza’ we differentiate between these two with ugogo we will say ezamuphi whereas to guava we will say ezawuphi. All those nouns belonging to UZL NC 1.1 pluralise with prefix ‘o…’, ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’. All those nouns which pluralise with ‘imi…’ such as umuthi / medicine or tree belong to UZL NC 1.2. *** Remember, in isiZulu language, it is only in UZL NC 1 where we differentiate between human and non-human nouns. This noun cluster is made up of two sub-noun clusters, namely UZL NC 1.1 and 1.2. Otherwise all other subsequent noun clusters do not differentiate between human nouns and nonhuman nouns. UZL NC 2 = ezaliphi? / of which …. Example of UZL NC 2 are nouns with prefix vowel “i…’ and when they pluralise they become ‘ama…’ or ‘ame…’ e.g iqanda/ egg, amaqanda / eggs, ihlo / eye, amehlo /
eyes (i) Ezaliphi iqanda lezi izinkukhu? / Of which egg are these chickens? UZL NC 3 = ezaluphi? / of which… Example of UZL NC 3 are nouns with prefix vowel “u…’ and when they pluralise they become ‘izi…’ e.g ulimi / tongue or language (s) izilimi / tongues or languages (p) (i) Ezaluphi ulimi lezi izimbuzi ? / Which tongue do these goats belong to? UZL NC 4 = ezakuphi? / of which : mass noun with prefix uk…) e.g ukudla / food, ukufa / death, ukwazi / knowing UZL NC 5= ezasiphi ? / of which …, of who? Singular = prefix ‘is…’; Plural = ‘iz…’ e.g. isandla / hand, izandla / hands; isehlo / incident, izehlo / incidents UZL NC 6 = ezayiphi? / of which … or of who? Singular with prefix in…, im… and plural ‘izi…’ e.g imbongolo / donkey, izimbongolo / donkeys, inkomo / cow; izinkomo / cows, inombolo / number, izinombolo / numbers UZL NC 7 = ezamaphi? / of which or who : (plural noun : prefix ‘ama… or ame…” e.g. amanzi / water, amaqanda / eggs, amehlo / eyes UZL NC 8.1 = ezabaphi? / of which or who? (plural noun: prefix ‘ab…’, ‘o…’ e.g. Abantu / people, abongi / savers, ogwayi / cigarettes UZL NC 8.2 = ezabuphi? Of which : (mass noun : prefix ‘ub…’ ,e.g. ubuso / face, ubuhle beauty, ubuningi / majority, ubomi / life UZL NC 9 = ezaziphi? Of which or of who: (plural noun : prefix ‘iz…,’ e.g. izinto / things, izono / sins, izibonelo / examples, izethembiso / promises PREFIX POSSESSIVE CONCORDS FOR UZL NC 9 = “EZAKA…” Sound units “ezaka…” denotes possessive, e.g.(i) Ezakabani lezi izilwane? / Who do these animals belong to? Or who possesses these animals? The subject noun has to be UZL NC 9 which is plural prefix iz… e.g
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izandla / hands, izinyawo / feet, izeluleko / advices, izono / sins. The answer to this question will also have to be prefixed with sound unit ezaka… e.g. ezakaKhoza / They are Khoza’s, EzakaThandi / They are Thandi’s (ii) owner or seller who do these goods belong to? Remember isiZulu language rhymes. You have to listen carefully as usually the answer they are expecting will be denoted in their question. PREFIX PLACE LOCATIVE SOUND UNITS CONCORDS FOR UZL NC 9 = EZASE…Eza… sound unit + ‘se….’ sound unit = ezase… sound unit which is locative (place) sound units concords for UZL NC 9. e.g. Question: Ezakuphi lezi izinkomo? / From Where are these cows? Answer: EzaseQwaqwa. / They are from Qwaqwa. Eza… Eza. / Afika. (igamamusho / sentence word: UZL NC 7) They came. , They arrived e.g. Amantombazane eza wodwa emuhlanganweni. / Girls come on their own to the meeting. The original verb is iza / come. However, when we apply this verb to UZALO to noun cluster because this verb has prefix vowel ‘i…’ in order to be in concurrence with prefix concord ‘a…’, which must always drag the verb with it, we have to engage a mathematical formula because prefix vowel of the verb collides with UZL NC concord vowel ‘a…’ like this : (i+a=e), therefore the correct application to a noun concord will be ‘e…’. Hence ‘eza…’ eza… (isiqalo songumunini / possessive prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. izingane / children, izinkomo / cows all nouns with prefix ‘izi…’ ) They are… e.g. (i) ezababa. / They are father’s. Lezi izono ezababa. / These sins are father’s. / These sins belong
to father. ezabani izingane? / ezikabani izingane? /Whose children are these? Ezababa / They are father’s. Ezamama / They are mother’s. Ezabani?... (ibizomusho / question word = isiqalo songumunini / possessive prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. izingane / children, izinkomo / cows all nouns with prefix ‘izi…’ ) Who do they belong to? They = UZL NC 9 : plural prefix iza…, ize…, izi…, izo… e.g. UZL NC 9 examples izandla / hands, izembatho / clothes, izinkomo / cows, izono / sins. Ezabani lezi izandla? / Whose hands are these? Ezabantu. People affairs (ibizompendulo / answer word = isiqalo songumunini / possessive prefix UZL NC 9) They are for the people. E.g. Lezi izandla ezabantu. / These hands belong to human beings) ezabelweni (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / to traditional freehold. (izabelo = traditional or communal owned land) ezabo (ibizompendulo / answer word = isiqalo songumunini / possessive prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. izingane / children, izinkomo / cows all nouns with prefix ‘izi…’ They are theirs, e.g. Izingane, lezi ezabo. / These children are theirs. ezaka… (ongumunini / possessive) They are of (used with opening plural sound unit noun ‘izi…’= UZL NC 9 e.g izinkomo / cows, izimbuzi / goats, izintombi / ladies, (read notes above) ezaka (UZL NC 9 non-human) = ezaka is a synonym of ezaka. Check ezaka for more information. Ezakabani? (ibizomusho = ongumunini / possessive) Ezakabani lezi izimbuzi? / Of whom are these goats? Who do these goats belong to? ezakaCele. / They belong to the Celes. Or They belong to the Cele clan, family, homestead, tribe etc. *** You can infix any surname or
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name to the possessive sound units concord UZL NC 9 ezaka… e.g. ezakaKhoza, ezakaZuma, ezakaBhengu etc. Ezakuphi? / Ezakwabani? / Ezayiphi indawo? / Ezabani? of where? From where? (izibomubuzo / question word : UZL NC 9) e.g.izinkomo / cows, izingane / children, izono / sins, izandla / hands (i) Ezakuphi lezi izinkomo na? Where are these cows from? Ezakuliphi izwe? From which country? Ezakuphi? (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 4) of which…? e.g. Ezakuphi ukudla lezi izingane? of which food are these children? (b)Ezakuphi? of where? From where? UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 9)e.g.izinkomo / cows, izingane / children, izono / sins, izandla / hands Of which language are these ants? zakhe. / They are his / hers e.g. ezaThandi / They are Thandi’s. Ezakho. / They (UZL NC 9) are yours. E.g. Lezi izingane ezakho. / These children are yours. Ezakho UZL NC 9 yours . e.g. Usho ziphi izingane. / Which children are you referring to? Ezakho / Yours. ezakwami / They are of or from my house. ezakwa… UZL NC 9 are from … e.g. Izingane ezakwaKhoza. / The children are from the Khoza’s. Ezakwabani? (UZL NC 9) From whose house? / From whose family? Ezalaphi? (UZL NC 9) / From where …? E.g. Ezalaphi lezi izindaba? / From which area are these news?, From where are these stories? ezaleni / phandle (undaweni / locative) outside the homestead Ezaliphi …? (UZL NC 9: UZL NC 2) of which …? E.g. Ezaliphi ijaji lezi izinkukhu? / Of which judge are these chickens? (b) Ezaliphi iqanda lezi
izintuthwane? / Of which egg are these ants? Sound-unit ‘za’ denotes UZL NC 9 concord and ‘li’ applies to UZL NC 2 concord? In the above examples iqanda or ijaji belongs to UZL NC 2 and izinkunku or izintuthwane belong to UZL NC 9. Ezaluphi… (UZL NC 9: UZL NC 3) of which …? E.g. Ezaluphi ulimi lezi izintombi? / Of which language are these ladies? za =UZL NC 9 concord, ‘li’= UZL NC 2 concord? Ezamaphi? / Of which UZL NC 7 are these UZL NC 9? ezami / They are mine, Ezamuphi ? Which UZL NC 1.1 (human) do they belong to? Ezani? Which UZL NC 7 do they belong to? E.g. ezani Ezase… (ibizompendulo / answer word = isiqalo songumunini / possessive prefix UZL NC 9) They are from … (UZL NC 9) ezakuphi lezi izingane? From where are these children? Or Where do these children come from? The answer may be ezase Malawi. / They are from Malawi. Remember words such as for, from , of in terms of isiZulu language logic don’t stand on their own. They have to be infixed as prefix to the noun, subject or object. Ezasiphi? (UZL 9 – UZL NC 5) Which UZL NC 5 does it belong to? e.g. Ezasiphi isandla? Which hand does it belong to?? Ezasiphi isalukazi? Which old woman does it belong to? Ezasiphi isizwe lezi izintombi? Ezawuphi? Which UZL NC 1.1 , 1.2 non-human nouns do they belong to? E.g. ezawuphi ugologo. / which hot stuff e.g brandy, rum is it for? Ezayiphi? Which UZL NC 6 & 10 do they belong to?e.g. ezayiphi inkomo? Which cow is it for? Ezaziphi? Which UZL NC 7 do they belong to? Iza…
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iza / zana / fika / sondela (isenzo / verb) come, move nearer, move closer, approach, advance, near, draw nigh, draw close/closer, draw near/nearer; proceed, make progress, make headway, forge Question: Iza nini imoto kaMudunge na? / When is Mudunge’s car coming? Answer: Iza kusasa. / It is coming tomorrow. (ii) Iza namuhlanje ngoba kusasa ngizobe ngingekho. / it is coming today because tomorrow I won’t be available. = arrive, get here, get there, reach destination, make it, appear, put in an appearance, make an appearance, come on the scene, come up, come along, materialize, approach, enter, present oneself, turn up, be along. izaba / izizathu (UZL NC 9)/ incazelo / imbangela (UZL NC 6) excuses, justifications, causes, defence, reasons, explanation, mitigating circumstances, mitigation, extenuation, basis, palliation, vindication; grounds, cause, call, argument, apology, apologia, plea. (2) Uhlale enezaba zokuthi angezi emuhlanganweni / He/She always excuces why she/he can’t attend a meeting = pretext, ostensible reason, pretence, front, cover-up, fabrication, evasion (3) izaba (UZL NC 9)/ imizamo (UZL NC 10) attempts, efforts, endeavours, tries, ventures, trials, experiments, deeds, undertakings(4) izaba (UZL NC 9)/ imizamo / imishanguzo (UZL NC 10) attempts, trials, efforts, experiments, endeavours, finding a solution to a problem izabazaba (UZL NC 9)/ ukunqikaza(UZL NC 4) hesitation, reluctances, misgivings, qualms, scruples, reservations, compunction, unwillingness, disinclination, ambivalence, unease, uneasiness, demurrals
izabeko (UZL NC 2)/ izele (UZL NC 2)/ imfe (UZL NC 6)/ umoba (UZL NC 1.1) green stalk of maize, sorghum, sugarcane izabela (UZL NC 2) chip of wood, a splinter of wood izabelo (UZL NC 9)/ ubizo (UZL NC 3) calling, vocation, purpose, ordained pursuit, mission from the supreme being, call from the highest, supreme calling, summons. (2) izabelo / izindawo zamakhosi / izabelo lapho ubunikazi bomuhlaba bungobesizwe = communally owned land, traditional land, land without title deeds but Permission To Occupy (PTO) (3) Ubudokotela buyizabelo. / The medical profession is a calling = profession, occupation, career, work, employment, job, business, trade, craft, line, line of work, pursuit, métier, life, field izabizwana (UZL NC 9) pronouns izabulo (UZL NC 9) private family matters izacuthe (UZL NC 9)/ amahlonganhlebe (UZL NC 7)/ izihluphi (UZL NC 9)/ omaziphathe (UZL NC 8.1)/ izachuse / izethusi / izithusanyoni / izixoshankawu / izinyoka-ezifile (UZL NC 9)/ ombombayi (UZL NC 8.1) dummies, shams, forgeries, counterfeits, replicas, mock-ups, copy-cats, fakes, imitations, lookalikes izaga / izingathekiso / iziphicaphico / izifaniswano (UZL NC 6) metaphors, figures of speech, figurative, similes, expressions, images, tropes, allegories, parables, analogies, comparisons, symbols, emblems, word paintings, word pictures, conceits izagila / iziqwayi (UZL NC 9)/ amawisa (UZL NC 7) knobkerries, knob-sticks, headed curved sticks, izahlulamuthetho (UZL NC 9)/ abangaphatheki (UZL NC 8.1) insubordinates, deviants,
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delinquents, rebels, rascals, deviants, people who are : disobedient unruly, wayward, errant, badly behaved, disorderly, defiant, undisciplined, troublesome, mutinous, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable / uncooperative/ non-compliant / difficult / intractable / unmanageable / naughty / roguish / uncontrollable / obstreperous / mischievous izahlukaniselo (UZL NC 9)/ imingcweliso (UZL NC 10)/ izihlambululo (UZL NC 9) sanctifications, devoutness, blessings, sacredness, piety, religiousness, spirituality, godliness, holiness, sanctity, saintliness. izahlukaniso (UZL NC 9)/ uhlukano (UZL NC 3)/ ukuhlukanisa (UZL NC 4)/ uqhekeko (UZL NC 3) separations, disconnection, partitions, detachment, severance, uncoupling, dissociation, disjunction, disunion, disaffiliation, segregation, partitions e.g. izahlukaniso phakathi kwabashadile / ukugqashuka kwefindo labashadile. / break up of married couples = break-up, split, split-up, parting, estrangement, parting of the ways, rift, rupture, breach, divorce, legal separation, judicial separation izahlukaniso / okokuklaya imingcele / okusetshenziswa uma kuhlukaniswa = room-dividers, partitions, screens, dividing walls, fences, barriers, demarcating pegs Izahlukaniso noma umehluko phakathi kwezinkawu nezimfene / difference between monkeys and baboons = distinctions, differences, differentiations, division, dividing line; polarity, gulf, gap, chasm. izahluko / izihloko / izigaba (UZL NC 9)/ amabanga (UZL NC 7) chapters, topics, headings, sections, divisions, parts, portions, segments,
components, bits, installments, themes , streams izahlukwana / izihlokwana / izigatshana (UZL NC 9)/ amabangana (UZL NC 7) sub-chapters, sub-sections, sub-divisions, sub-parts, subportions, sub-segments, subcomponents, sub-topics, subheadings, sub-topics, sub-themes, sub-streams izahluleki / izehluleki /iziphoxi (UZL NC 9) failures, losers, incompetent people, non-achievers, underachievers, disappointments, embarrassments izahlulelo / izigqibo / izinqumongqangi (UZL NC 9) verdicts, findings, rulings, judgements, pronouncements, adjudications, arbitrations, sentences, decrees, orders, rules, injunctions, court determinations, final results, sentencing, severe decisions, ultimate decisions, final decisions izakamumva (UZL NC 2)/ umagcino (UZL NC 1.1)/ uthumbu (UZL NC 1.1) last born person (2) a person who comes last in a race, a horse that comes last in a race izakhamuzi (UZL NC 9)/ abokuzalwa / abavoti /abokudabuka /abahlali / abaninimizi / abakhokhintela (UZL NC 8.1) citizens, residents, inhabitants, natives, voters, townspeople, burghers, householders, locals, freemen izakhelani (UZL NC 9)/ omakhelwane / omakhi / abakhelene (UZL NC 8.1) neighbours, countries or people who share borders or a border, countries or people in the same region, country, area, ward, district, vicinities, surrounding, environs, purlieus, precincts, proximity izakhi / izingxenye / izihlandla (UZL NC 9) formatives, (2) components, constituents, parts, sections, portions, pieces, segments, bits;
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factors, features, facets, ingredients, strands, details, points, units, modules, items (3) foundations, fundamentals, principles, rudiments, basics izakhimizi / izakhimindeni / izibuyisaxolo (UZL NC 9) family counsellors, counsellors izakhiso / iziza (UZL NC 9)/ imihlabayokwakha (UZL NC 10) pieces of ground, stands, yards, patches, lots, plots, areas, erfs, locations, parcels, tracts, allotments izakhiwo (UZL NC 6) buildings, structures, edifices, properties, erections, piles, properties, premises, establishments izakhwali (UZL NC 9)/ ukhwani (UZL NC 3) tuberous veld plants izakhwece / izikhwece / izinsalela / iziceke (UZL NC 9) remainders, residue, balance, remaining parts, remaining numbers, remaining quantities, left overs, rest of things, others, those left, remnants, rumps, surplus, differences, extras, excesses, superfluities, overflows, overspills, additional people, additional materials, additional things izala (UZL NC 2)/ ingaphandle (UZL NC 2)/ isikibhidoti (UZL NC 5) end of the yard where rubbish is thrown, a refuse skip, a large refuse container (2) ezaleni (undaweni / locative/izala / ingaphandle-lomuzi (UZL NC 2) outside the precinct of one’s residence, outside the precinct of one’s homestead, outside the jurisdiction of a home, outside the family jurisdiction izalibelethwe / izanambeleko / izanankande / ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) illegitimate child, step child, a baby born out of wed lock, a baby born by an unmarried woman, a step child, a baby born before a woman has fulfilled all pre-marriage traditional arrangements such as ukucelwa,
ukulobolwa, ukuvunywa kwabakhongi etc. izaliwakazi / abangathandiwa / abazondwayo hated people, disliked people, unfriendly people izalukazi (UZL NC 9)/ ogogo / okhulu / abadala (UZL NC 8.1)/izingwevu / izimpunga (UZL NC 9) female grey haired people; female senior citizens, female old age pensioners, elderly people (2) ancestors, those who are deceased and are at the resting place, the spirits, the guardians, the guardian angels, the ones consulted during times of difficulties and celebrations izamazama (UZL NC 6)/ umuzamo (UZL NC 1.2) attempt, effort, endeavour, try, bid, venture, trial, experiment (2) lotto bid izamaziso (UZL NC 2)/ ibambezelo (UZL NC 2) temporalis (anatomy) izamaziso / izimbambezeliso (UZL NC 9) temporal things, part-time things, learners licence, temporal Identity Documents izamaziso (UZL NC 9)/ imishanguzo (UZL NC 10) medication for symptoms associated with any illness izamiso (UZL NC 2)/isigovuzo (UZL NC 5)/ iphini (UZL NC 2) stirring stick, food processor, any instrument used to mix something izamukelo (UZL NC 9) receptions, receipts, receiving, getting, izamukeliso / izipho (UZL NC 9)/ ukupha (UZL NC 4)/ amagwaxazi (UZL NC 7)/ iminikelo (UZL NC 10) / donations, gifts, grants, contributions, subscriptions, presents, handouts, offerings, gratuities, endowments, bestowals, giving, charities, benefactions (2) sacraments izamukezo (UZL NC 9)/ okunikezelwayo (UZL NC 4) distributions, giving out, dealing out, handing out, issuing, issuances, dispensations, administering,
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administrations, passing round, allocations, allotments, apportioning, apportionment, assigning, assignment, sharing out, dividing up (2) supplies, deliveries, conveyances, dispatches, izamba / izishaqane / izindimbana (UZL NC 9) lump-sums, sums, totals, sum totals, grand totals, tallies, aggregates, summations, grosses izambane (UZL NC 9) ant-eaters, orycteropus capensis (***isambane / ant-eater = UZL NC 5, singular) izambane / itapili (UZL NC 2) potato (***amazambane / potatoes = UZL NC 7, plural) izambatho / izembatho / izivatho (UZL NC 9) coverings, church regalia, religious clothing, layers, coatings, coats, covers, blankets, overlays, veils, toppings, dustings, sheets, veneers, crusts, surfaces, skims, skins, thickness, shrouds izambulela (UZL NC 9)/imipheme / imithunzana (UZL NC 10)/ (imipheme yokuvikela ilanga nemvula) umbrellas, sunshades, man- made shades izambulelo / izibonakaliso / iziprofetho (UZL NC 9) foretelling, predictions, forecasts, prophecies, bets, divinations, prognosis, prognostications, auguries, projections, conjectures, guesses, vaticination, prognostics, auspications izambulo (UZL NC 9)/ ukubona / ukuboniswa (UZL NC 4) revelations, uncovering, turning up, exposure, exposing, bringing to light, unearthing, digging up, unveiling, unmasking, smoking out, detecting, detection izanankande / izalibelethwe / ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) illegitimate child, adopted child, child born out of wedlock izanelisi (UZL NC 9)/ imithobanhliziyo (UZL NC 10)/ izindandanisi /
izidakwandlala (UZL NC 9) suppressants, appetite suppressants, tranquilizers, masturbations izanusi / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ ababhulayo / ababonayo / abelaphi-bendabuko (UZL NC 8.1) traditional healers, ancestral mediators, clairvoyants, telepathic people, psychics, telekinetic people, spiritualistic people, people with sixth sense, people with second sight izandiso / izenezezelo / izelulo / izengezo / izenabisi (UZL NC 2)adverbs (grammar) (2) extensions, prolongations, lengthening, increase, protractions, continuations, perpetuations (3) expansion, increase, enlargement; widening, broadening, deepening, diversification, heightening; augmentation, enhancement, amplifications, development, growth, continuation, elongations, lengthening, stretching, drawing out izando / izinqonqotheli / izishayeli (UZL NC 9) hammers izandulela / izingeniso (UZL NC 9) prefaces, preambles, introductions, forewords, prologue, preludes, preliminaries, opening remarks; front matter izandla (UZL NC 9) hands, palms izandlwana (UZL NC 9) small hands, little /tiny hands izangoma / izanusi (UZL NC 9) (See izanusi above) izansi (UZL NC 2)/ ugu / usebe / ukhumbi / ulala (UZL NC 3) water-edge, brim of the sea, brim of the river, sea belt, coastal belt izaphulamuthetho / izephulamithetho (UZL NC 2) lawbreakers, criminals, trespassers, intruders, interlopers, unwelcome visitors, encroachers izaqwayi / izagila (UZL NC 9)/ amawisa (UZL NC 7) knobkerries
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iZayoni (UZL NC 9)/ i-ZCC (UZL NC 6)/ amaKhushe / amaThopiya (UZL NC 7) members of the Zion Church, member of Zion Christian Church (ZCC), Kushe Church of Zion members, Saint Engenas ZCC members, Ethiopian izazi (UZL NC 9)/ abaziyo / abasiki bebunda / abafundile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izingcithabuchopho / izinjulangqondo (UZL NC 9) the knowledgeable, well informed, informed, learned, with great knowledge, well read, well educated, educated, widely read, erudite, scholarly, cultured, cultivated, enlightened, aware (2) Sidinga ukuqasha izazi ngempela kulomukhakha / We need to appoint the most knowledgeable people in this work stream. = experts, skilled, expert, competent, proficient, experienced, practitioners, wellversed in, seasoned izaziso (UZL NC 9)/ ikhwelo (UZL NC 2)/ amakhwelo (UZL NC 7)/ izimemezelo (UZL NC 9)/ imikhosi (UZL NC 10) notices, notifications, (advance) warnings, announcements, apprisals, intimations, information, news, communication, intelligence, word. izaziwa (UZL NC 9)/ osaziwa / abadumile (UZL NC 8.1) celebrities, famous people, dignitaries, stars, superstars, personalities oza …. IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT ISIZULU WORDS WITH PREFIX VOWEL ‘o+ za…’ SOUND UNIT *** Words with prefix sound unit ‘oza…’ can be plural proper or common nouns, UZALO Noun Cluster 8.1 (human-noun) e.g. oZandile / Zandiles, oZanele / Zaneles, ozamuthilili / people who are ignorant. Proper nouns refer to names used for individual persons, places, rivers,
mountains or organizations, spelled with an initial capital letter, e.g. izintaba zoKhahlamba / Drakensberg mountain, umfula iZambezi / Zambezi River, Marry, Thandi, Jane, iTheku / Durban. Common nouns refer to daily objects or general words used to identify something e.g. isinkwa / bread, isibuko / mirror, inyosi / bee, uzalo / descendants. Words with prefix ‘oza…’ can also be singular adjective nouns. Adjective nouns refer to words that are descriptive actions or qualifications of the noun but can be used as nouns. In isiZulu language this is very common in daily conversation or communication e.g. ozalayo / the one who is always breeding or giving birth in succession. Ozalayo can be broken down like this vowel o=the one (human noun) + zala = breed + yo = sound unit suffix used to affirm this word as a noun. In isiZulu language you can easily distinguish between a proper noun, common noun and adjective noun especially in this section. Once a noun is in singular and has prefix vowel ‘o…’, infix verb or adjective and or suffix ‘yo…’, especially where such an adjective noun is derived from the verb word. If it has the above mentioned features it is an adjective noun and falls under UZALO Noun Cluster 1.1 (humannoun) ozabalazayo (UZL NC 1.1)/ iqabane (UZL NC 2)/ ozikhandlayo / olwayo (UZL NC 1.1) (adjective noun = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’ = UZL NC 1.1:
the struggling one, the one who is working hard, the one who perseveres (2) the one committed to a particular cause, the one who is fighting for something, fellow comrade, fellow freedom fighter *** ps note that if it does not have the human noun)
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suffix sound-unit …yo, it is most likely a plural noun UZL NC 8.1. ozagiga (UZL NC 8.1) mumps, grandular swellings in the neck ozakwabo / omunakwabo (UZL NC 8.1) her fellow wives, those married or in a romantic relationship with her husband (2) her husband’s brothers’ wives ozakwenu / omunakwa (UZL NC 8.1) your fellow wives, those married or in a romantic relationship with your husband (2) your husband’s brothers’ wives ozakwethu / omunakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) my fellow wives, those married or in a romantic relationship with my husband (2) my husband’s brothers’ wives ozalayo / ohululayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is giving birth, the one who often give birth ELIPHIKISAYO / ANTONYMS inyumba / a female who is infertile ozalana-nabo / omuzala / ogazi / izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 8.1) blood relatives, cousins ozalelwayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is a recipient of the act of giving birth ozalelweyo / ozalelwe (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who had been a recipient of birth ozamayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is trying ozamela… (UZL NC 1.1) the one who is at service for others e.g. ubani lona ozamela laba abafundi? / who is trying for these students? ozamelanayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is always willing to help others ozamelwayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is a recipient of help, the one who is being assisted
ozamelwe (UZL NC 1.1) the one who had received help, the one who had been done a favour ozamisanayo the one who is assisting one in getting something right ozamokuhle / omusamariya / abacwebileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones in pursuit of good.; the holy ones ozamokubi (UZL NC 8.1) the one who is trying to do bad things or evil deeds ozamulayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is yawning, the one who is possessed by the spirit, the one who is a sangoma ozamulisanayo / olalisanayo / ozelisayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is boring, ozamuthilili / oziyamushiya / abangazilutho / ozombo / osikhathisini / omashampulane (UZL NC 8.1) ignorant, ill-informed, uneducated, unknowledgeable (also check uzamuthilili / uziyamushiya etc. below)
ozayo / olandelayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is coming, the one who is coming back, the one who is coming ozazayo / otatazelayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one in a panic mode uza… uza … IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT ISIZULU WORDS WITH PREFIX VOWEL ‘U+ za…’ SOUND UNIT *** Words with prefix vowel ‘u…’ and followed by sound unit ‘za…’ are singular nouns. However, if a verb is preceded by vowel ‘u…’, then vowel ‘u…’ is a concord of singular noun with prefix vowel ‘u…’ e.g. UThoko uzabalaza yedwa. / Thoko struggles alone. Therefore ‘u…’ is a concord of singular noun with prefix ‘u….’ in present tense. Vowel ‘u…’ preforms the
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same function in present tense. Remember isiZulu language rhymes. uza UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 coming e.g. UThabani uza noThemba. ? Thabani is coming with Themba. Uzabalazela… UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 is struggling for e.g. Umama uzabalazela abantwana bakhe. / The mother is struggling for her children. Uzabalazele…UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 : past tense S/He has struggled for e.g. Umfana uzabalazele ubala. / The boy struggled for nothing. Uzabalazile. (sentence word) UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 S/he has struggled. UZL NC 1.1 example umuntu / person, any name or surname of a human being e.g. Mary, Tom, Thandi, Themba etc. , ugwava / guava; UZL NC 1.2 example umuthwalo / load, umugqa / line. Uzabalaziswa… (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) caused to struggle e.g. Ubaba uzabalaziswa ukuhlupheka. / The father is struggling because of poverty. Uzacile. / Wondile. (sentence word : UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) S/he is thin. uzagiga (UZL NC 1.1) mump, grandular swelling in the neck uzakwabo / umunakwabo (UZL NC 1.1) / imbangi (UZL NC 6) her fellow wife, the one married or in a romantic relationship with her husband (2) her husband’s brother’s wife uzakwenu / umunakwa (UZL NC 1.1) / imbangi yakho (UZL NC 6) your fellow wife, the one married or in a romantic relationship with your husband (2) your husband’s brother’s wife uzakwethu / umunakwethu (UZL NC 1.1) / imbangi yami (UZL NC 6) my fellow wife, those married or in a romantic relationship with my husband (2) my husband’s brother’s wife uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 9)/ isizalwane (UZL NC 5) (umulando wokhokho) / abakini / abakithi /
abozalo (UZL NC 8.1)/ igazi (UZL NC 2)/ inzalwano / imvelaphi (UZL NC 6)/ (umulando wegazi) genealogy, ancestry, lineage, pedigree, descent, family line, line of descent, family tree, blood relatives extraction, origin, heritage, parentage, paternity, birth, family, dynasty, family house evolution, history, blood interconnectedness, bloodline, history, background, roots uzamujiki / ujwijwi (UZL NC 1.1) swing, swaying, oscillation, undulation, wagging, toing and froing, wobble, uzamuthilili / uziyamushiya / ongazilutho / uzombo / usikhathisini / umashampulane (UZL NC 1.1) a person who is ignorant, illinformed, untaught, uneducated, unknowledgeable, unschooled, untutored, untrained, illiterate, nonliterate, unlettered, unlearned, unread, unenlightened, unscholarly, unqualified, benighted, backward; inexperienced, unworldly, unsophisticated (2) unintelligent, stupid, simple, empty-headed, mindless (2) Lozamuthilili uthi wayengazi ukuthi abantu abamunyama bahlukunyezwa kangaka eMzansi / This ignorant person says he was unaware about the oppression of black people in South Africa = unconscious, insensible, naïve, unfamiliar, unacquainted, innocent (3) Baningi ozamuthilili abakhuluma ngeqholo kodwa bayathanda ukuphawula / There are so many ignorant people who speak with conviction and always have something to say = rude, impolite, ill-mannered, badmannered, unmannerly, ungracious, discourteous, insensitive, uncivil, illhumoured, surly, sullen; boorish, oafish, loutish, crude, coarse, vulgar, gross
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uzanankande (UZL NC 1.1)/ ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) illegitimate child, step child, foster child uzankosi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ iketanga (UZL NC 2) handcuff, manacle, fetter, shackle, iron, bond, restraint, cuff, bracelet, wristlets, snips, stringers *** note that in English handcuffs are plural nouns. uzangqozi (UZL NC 3)/ umulolozelo / umushushuzelo (UZL NC 1.2) lullaby, cradle song, soothing song, gentle song, quiet song uzankeva (UZL NC 3)/ umutapo / umutitilizo (UZL NC 10) place of plenty, source of supply, mine, warehouse, wholesale, brimming, rim, brim , place where one can get everything in bulk, a place of reaping, uzavoko (UZL NC 1.1)/ uminenhle (UZL NC 1.1) the mid-morning riser uzavoko (UZL NC 1.1) mid morning uzawo (UZL NC 1.1)/ ucelemba / ubhushi (UZL NC 1.1)/ imbazo (UZL NC 6) machete, axe, hatchet, cleaver, adze, tomahawk za… zaba… (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 8.1 possessive) for, of e.g. izithombe zabantwana / pictures for children. : izithombe = UZL NC 9, abantwana = UZL NC 8.1 with prefix ‘aba…’ zabe (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 8.1 possessive) of, for … izimbuzi zabesilisa / Goats for men, male goats, abesilisa = UZL NC 8.1 with prefix zabalaza / tibula / khandleka / shikisha struggle, strive, try hard, endeavour, make every effort, spare no effort, exert oneself, do one's best, do all one can, do one's utmost, battle, labour, toil, strain, bend over backwards, put oneself out; informal go all out, give it one's best shot, put one's back into it, plug away, peg away ELIPHIKISAYO / ANTONYM vilapha / be lazy (2) Abamunyama nabamuhlophe
bazabalaza ukuletha iNingizimu Afrika engenalo ubandlululo / Black and white people struggled to bring about an apartheid free South Africa = fight, campaign, strive, battle, struggle, contend, grapple, war, crusade, agitate, speak, lobby, work, push, press, oppose, contest, contend with, confront, challenge, combat, dispute, object to, quarrel with, struggle against, take a stand against, put up a fight against, stand up against, take issue with, question, controvert (3) zabalazela / tibulela / khandlelela / shikishela struggle for (see zabalaza above for more possible translations) Sizabalazela imiholo engcono. / We struggle for better wages. Si= We (English)
zabalazisa / tibulisa / khandlelisa / shikishelisa (isenzo / verb) help one to struggle, (2) struggle like… e.g. zabalasiza okwendoda wethu / struggle like a man my friend zabalaziswa (isenzo / verb) struggle because, be made to struggle e.g. Bazabalaziswa ukwenyuka kwentengo yokudla. / They struggle because the inflation in food prices. (Ba= They (UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people, abasebenzi / workers, abelungu / white people)
zaca / onda / omelela / dliwa yinto (isenzo / verb) be thin, be slim, slim, lean, slender, rangy, willowy, svelte, sylphlike, spare, slight; skinny, underweight, scrawny, scraggy, bony, angular, gaunt, be emaciated, be skeletal, be cadaverous, be undernourished, be underfed, be anorexic zacile / ondile / omile (isiphawulo / adjective) thin, slim, slander (2) zacile / ntshwamile emaciated, worn out zacisa / ondisa / lambisa / ncisha ukudla (isenzo / verb) make someone thin, starve someone, deprive someone food, worry someone, do something to someone that is causing weight loss
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zaciswa (isenzo / verb) be thin because of something e.g. Uzaciswa yini uThemba. / What is causing Themba to lose weight? (Vowel ‘u…’ at the the beginning of the sentence is a subject concord or is a noun (Themba) concord)
zacuna / zavuna (isenzo / verb) help oneself handsomely, apportion a large amount, apportion a big amount, assist one more zakhele / zisize (isenzo / verb) build-it for yourself, do it yourself (DIY) Zakhele
umuzi ukuze wonge imali. / Build the house yourself so you may save money.
zakhise / zilekelele (isenzo / verb) make them to build, help them to build, lead them to e.g. Zakhise ihholo lezi izigelekeqe kukhona zingeke ziphinde zilishise. / Make these hooligans build the hall so they won’t vandalise it again. zakhiwe / zibekelwe (isenzo / verb) built, made, created = (UZL NC 9) e.g. Zakhiwe ngubani lezi izindonga? / Who built these walls? Zakhiwe ngabafana / They were built by boys. zakwa (UZL NC 9 : possessive) of … e.g. izinkomo zakwaMkhize / cows from the Mkhizes zala / phuka (isenzo / verb) (andisaumundeni noma imfuyo/ khiqiza abantwana noma imfuyo/ khanda abantu noma imfuyo, izilwanyana)/ give birth, breed, reproduce, produce offspring, procreate, bear young, multiply, propagate, mate, reproduce, produce offspring, procreate, bear young, multiply, propagate, mate (2) Imali yemboleko iyazala. / Borrowed money accumulates interest = gain, profit, dividend, pocket ***phuka applicable to non-human e.g cat zalana / hlobana (isenzo / verb)/ (shiyelana ibele) be related by blood descent e.g. OThandi noThemba bayazalana / Thandi and Themba are blood related or are blood relatives.
zalanisa / lamanisa / khulisa / andisa (isenzo / verb) give birth after another birth (2) charge interest, expect dividends, profit, make returns on one’s investment, expect an a particular interest percentage, make a gain. zalela (isenzo / verb) give birth to for… inkukhu izalela amaqanda. / The chicken lays eggs. = incubate, (ii) uThembeka uzalela uguluva. / Thandeka gives birth to children of a man who is unemployable. (2) expect interest for someone, expect profit for someone zalile (isiphawulo / adjective) given birth zalisa / mithisa (isenzo / verb) impregnate someone, make a woman pregnant, get a woman pregnant, inseminate a sperm in a woman’s ovary, fertilize (2) be a midwife (*** not applicable to the synonym mithisa)
zaliswa (isenzo / verb) be assisted in giving birth e.g intombazane izaliswa umama wayo. / the girl is assisted to give birth by her mother. zalwa / phenduka (isenzo / verb) be born, zalwa kabusha = be born again zama… (UZL NC 7: possessive of) for e.g izingane zamajaji / children of judges zama / linga / patanisa (isenzo / verb) try, attempt, endeavour, make an effort, exert oneself, seek, strive, struggle, put effort, do one's best, do one's utmost, do all one can, undertake, aim, set out, take it on oneself, try one's hand at (2) organise, arrange, pot together, order zamazama / ndandanisa / qokelela (isenzo / verb) put together zamazama / ndindizela / nyakaza / ndandazela (isenzo / verb) thunder, rumble, boom, roar, blast, pound, thud, thump, bang, ring, grumble, growl, resound, reverberate, echo, beat.
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zamela try for, organise for, strive for, seek for, exert for, e.g. Zamela izingane ukudla zilambile. / Organise food for children. Zamela uThandi isikhundla. / Organise a position for Thandi = arrangements for, arrange, coordinate, sort out, put together, fix up, get together, orchestrate, choreograph, be responsible for, be in charge of, take care of, look after, see to, see about, deal with, direct, run, manage, conduct, administrate, set up, mobilize, mastermind, engineer; institute, develop, form, create, establish, found, originate, begin, start; schedule, timetable, zamisa / lekelela(isenzo / verb) assist, support, assist one, give a hand, help, aid, abet, lend a (helping) hand to, give assistance to, be of use to, oblige, accommodate, facilitate e.g. Zamisa lezi izingane ukuze ziqede umusebenzi wazo. / Help these children so they may finish their work. zamula (isenzo / verb) yawn, gape zamulisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to yawn, e.g. UThembi uzamulisa umuntwana. / Thembi is making the child yawn. (2) yawn like e.g. UZandile uzamulisa okwenkomo. / Zandile yawns like a cow. zamuliswa (isenzo / verb) caused to yawn e.g. Ubaba uzamuliswa isijindane. The father is caused to yawn by snuff. zana / iza (isenzo / verb) come, (check iza above) zanelise / gcula / zigculise / zenelise (isenzo / verb) satisfy, fulfill, gratify, meet, fill, serve, provide for, supply, indulge, cater to, pander to; appease, assuage, quench, slake, satiate, sate zange / kazange / khange did not e.g. Ikhehla zange layidla inyama. / The old man did not eat meat.
zavuna / zacuna (isenzo / verb) take out handsomely, apportion large amount to oneself, deal out, share out, mete out, divide up, allocate, allot, apportion, assign, distribute, dispense, hand out, give out, pass out, pass round, issue, disburse zavunela / zacunela(isenzo / verb) take a large amount for another zavunelwa (isenzo / verb) have a large amount taken for oneself zaza / ntanta / jikajika (isenzo / verb) move about, walk about, be edgy, be restless, be panicky zazela (isenzo / verb) move about for someone e.g. ikati lizazela ingane. / The cat moved about for the child. zazise / zithwale / ziqhenye / bukela-phansi / cwicwiza (isenzo / verb) be aloof, distant, detached, unresponsive, remote, unapproachable, forbidding, standoffish, formal, impersonal, stiff, austere, stuffy, withdrawn, reserved, unforthcoming, uncommunicative, indifferent, unfriendly, unsympathetic, unsociable, antisocial, cool, cold, chilly, frigid, frosty, haughty, supercilious, disdainful aze… aze (prefix ‘a’ + verb with prefix sound unit ‘ze’) e.g. azenzeki / They cannot be done or Lezi izinto azenzeki / These things cannot be done. azelwa be known for, have a reputation eze… Eze… (UZL NC 9 with UZL NC 2, 5, 6, 9, & 10) of, belong to, e.g. Lezi izintombi ezengcungce. / These girls are of iNgcungce. izintombi = UZL NC 9, iNgcugce = UZL NC 6, izandla ezejaji / hands of a judge: izandla = UZL NC 9, ijaji = UZL NC 2
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ezemali / ezezimali (UZL NC 9) financial matters, matters of finance ezemibiko yezimali (UZL NC 9) financial audit matters ezemikhumbi (UZL NC 9) shipping matters, maritime affairs ezemilingo (UZL NC 9) magic matters, necromancy matters, matters involving any of the following practices: muti, sorcery, witchcraft, wizardry, enchantment, incantation, the supernatural, occultism, divination, malediction, voodoo, hoodoo ezemililo (UZL NC 9) fire matters ezemililomoya / ezogesi (UZL NC 9) energy sources, electricity matters, ezemibhalo ngobuchule (UZL NC 9) professional writing, matters of writing professionally ezemidlalo (UZL NC 9) sports matters, session of sports, programme of sports, broadcasting of sports ezemikhiqizo (UZL NC 9) production matters ezempi (UZL NC 9) military matters, war matters ezempikiswano (UZL NC 9) matters under debate, current debates ezempilo (UZL NC 9) subject of health, health affairs, ezeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / into / to nothingness ezenu (UZL NC 9) yours zendawo / ezezulu (UZL NC 9) geography ezenhlalo (UZL NC 9) human settlements ezenhlalonhle (UZL NC 9) social welfare ezentela (UZL NC 9) tax matters ezentela yekhanda / Ezentela yesiqu (UZL NC 9) Personal Income Tax matters ezentela yezinkampani / Ezentela yezinhlangano (UZL NC 9) Corporate Income Tax matters ezentengiso / ezohwebo (UZL NC 9) commercial matters, commerce
matters, trade matters, business matters, ezentuthuko(UZL NC 9) development matters, prosperity matters, ezentuthuko nenhlalonhle (UZL NC 9) development and social welfare matters Ezethu. (UZL NC 9) They are ours., ours ezezikweleti (UZL NC 9) debt matters, financial obligation matters, indebtedness, credit bureaux ezezimboni (UZL NC 9) industrial matters, manufacturing matters, factory matters; commercial matters, business matters, trade matters. NB when using prefix ‘eze…’ to refer to UZL NC 9, you also have to infix ‘zi…’ after prefix sound unit ‘eze…’ ize… ize (UZL NC 2)/ ubala (UZL NC 3)/ ukungabinatho / ukungabinotho (UZL NC 4) nothing, nil, zero izegece / izekecela (UZL NC 2) scale, plate, lamella, lamina, squama, scute, scutum (amazegece, amazekecela / scales = UZL NC 7: plural ) izehlakali/ izehlakalo / izehlo / izenzakali/ izenzeko (UZL NC 9)/ amabhadi (UZL NC 7)/ (ukufulathelwa idlozi) happenings, misfortunes, afflictions, problems, difficulties, issues, troubles, reverses, disasters, setbacks, adversities, reverses of fortune, misadventures, mishaps, stroke of bad luck, blows, failures, accidents, tragedies, sorrows, miseries, woes, trials, tribulations, catastrophes, calamities, having one’s ancestors turning back on one self izehlo (UZL NC 9) happenings (see izehlakali above) izehluleki / izahluleki (UZL NC 9) failures, unsuccessful people(see izahluleki above) izekecela / izegece (UZL NC 9) (check izegece above)
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izekhohlali / izikhohlakali / izonakali / izigilamikhuba / izoni / iziphoxi (UZL NC 9)/ ababulalibezwe (UZL NC 8.1) immoral people, people who are : unethical, bad, morally wrong, wrongful, wicked, evil, unprincipled, unscrupulous, lustful, dishonest, unconscionable, sinful, indecent, iniquitous, disreputable, fraudulent, lewd, vile, depraved, devious, villainous shameless, degenerate, corrupt, debauched, abandoned, dissolute, reprobate, perverted, promiscuous izelamani (UZL NC 9)/ abasendlini / abakwethu / abegazi / abaphumesiswini- sinye / abashiyelane-ibele (UZL NC 8.1) siblings, offspring in their chronological sequencing, children of same parent in the chronological order, people of same blood, those sharing blood ties, those from the same mother, those who sourced nutrition from the same breast izele (UZL NC 2)/ imfe (UZL NC 6)/ umoba (UZL NC 1.1) green stalk of maize, sorghum, sugar-cane (2) sleekbodied person, (3) species of shrub, grumilia capensis (3) small conical grass hut usually used for storing grain (amazele = UZL NC 7: plural) izeleze (UZL NC 2)/ ubala (UZL NC 2)nothingness, oblivion, nonexistence, non-being, non-life; nullity, blankness; void, vacuum, nihility (2) Lona umunumuzane usefana nezeleze kusukela alahlekelwa umusebenzi / This man has been reduced to nothingness ever since he lost his job = nothingness, unimportance, undignified, insignificance, triviality, pointlessness, uselessness, worthlessness, valuelessness izelelesi / izigebengu / izinswelaboya / izigelekeqe (UZL NC 9)/ amasela / amaphekulazikhuni
/ amaphekula (terrorists) / amaphekulamoyeni (cyberterrorists) / amaphekulangezempilo (bioterrorists), amaphekulangezemfuyo-nezolimo (agroterrorists), amaphekulangezemvelo (eco-terrorists (UZL NC 7)/ abadlwenguli / abakhwabanisi (UZL NC 8.1) criminals, felons, lawbreakers, offenders, villains, delinquent, malefactor, culprits, wrongdoers, transgressors, sinners, thieves, robbers, armed robbers, burglars, housebreakers, shoplifters, muggers, rapists, fraudsters, swindlers, racketeers, gunmen, gangsters, outlaws, bandits, terrorists, bio-terrorists, ecoterrorists, cyber-terrorists, agroterrorists izeluleko / iziyalo / iziboniso (UZL NC 9) advices, guidance, advising, counselling, counsel, help, direction, views, instructions, information, enlightenment, tips, ideas, recommendations, guidelines, suggestions, hints, pointers, opinions, facts, data izemutiti / izimutiti (UZL NC 2)/ unonhlevu (UZL NC 1.1)/ impoqabulungu (UZL NC 6) the exempted, the black elite with some privileges under colonial apartheid South Africa, the colonial agents drawn from the oppressed, the assimilated, the subsumed, the incorporated, the integrated, the absorbed, the engulfed, the swallowed up, the taken over, the coopts, the naturalized, the adopted, the embraced, the accepted, the admitted, the acculturated izembatho /izembezo / izivatho (UZL NC 9) clothes, human coverings, dresses, garments izembe (UZL NC 2)/ isisenze / isisenza (UZL NC 5)/ imbazo / inkemba (UZL NC 6)
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axe, hatchet, cleaver; adze; tomahawk, a weapon izenga / igamfu / izinga (UZL NC 2)/ ingxenye (UZL NC 6) a segment of the whole, a piece of the whole, a part of the whole,a bit of the whole, a section of the whole, a chunk of the whole, division, portion, slice, fragment, component, wedge, lump, slab, hunk, parcel, tranche izenze (UZL NC 9) flea Izenzeko (UZL NC 9) (check izehlo) izenziso (UZL NC 9)/ inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ amanga (UZL NC 7)/ ubuhule / ubushomeshome / ubuphixiphixi (UZL NC 8.2) (ukuzishaya emumva uzishaye phambili ; ukusenga ezimithiyo) pretenses, lies, pretexts, false excuses, guises, shams, ruses, wiles, trickeries, falsehood, pretentiousness, display, false claims, ostentations, affectations, showiness, flaunting, posturing, posing, humbug, deception, deceit, deceitfulness, fraud, hoax, fraudulence, fabrication, duplicity, artifice, subterfuge, treachery, trickery, dishonesty, hypocrisy, falsity, lying, mendacity, lack of veracity. izenzo (UZL NC 9)/ okwenziwayo (UZL NC 4) verbs (2) actions, acts, deeds, activities, moves, gestures, undertakings, exploits, manoeuvres izenzo ezinhle = good deeds, kindness, achievements, accomplishments izenzo ezimbi = misdeeds, izenzo zokuzikhandla = ventures, enterprises, endeavours, efforts, exertions, work, handiworks, doings, creations, performances izenzo zokuziphatha = behaviours, conduct; reaction, response izethameli / izithameli (UZL NC 9)/ ababukeli / ofakazi (UZL NC 8.1) spectators, onlookers, watchers, viewers, observers, witnesses, eyewitnesses, bystanders, non-
participants, sightseers, commentators, reporters, monitors, bloggers izethembiso / izithembiso / izifungo / izivumelwano / iziqiniseko / iziqinisekiso (UZL NC 9) promises, words of honour, words, assurances, pledges, vows, guarantees, oaths, bonds, undertakings, agreements, commitments, contracts, covenants, compacts izethuko / izinhlamba (UZL NC 9)/ inhlukumezo (UZL NC 9) insults, abusive remarks, jibes, affronts, slights, snubs, barbs, slurs, slanders, backhanded compliments, injuries, libels, defamations, abuses, aspersions, disparagement, depreciation, impugnment, revilement, humiliation, indignity, insolence, rudeness. izethulo / izibeko (UZL NC 9) reports, tablings, presentations (2) izethulo / izipho / izipheko (UZL NC 9)/ iminikelo (UZL NC 10) donations, gifts, awarding, presenting, giving, handing over, dispensing, handing out, conferral, bestowal, granting, grants, award, according, extending, entrusting, furnishing. (2) Izethulo zenkampani ziyabaheha abathengi. / Company packaging attracts customers = packaging, appearance, arrangements, logos, slogans, advertisements, organization, expositions, dispositions, displays, layouts (3) Indingido yokuqala yalomuhlangano izethulo ngalomucimbi. / The first item on the agenda is a brief background about this event. = introduction, background, circumstances, context, conditions, situation, environment, milieu, scene, scenario, framework, atmosphere, factors, influences, leadup, acquainting, debut (4) Kumele
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sithole izethulo ngalomuthetho omusha. / There has to be a presentation on this new law. = presentation, PowerPoint presentations, tabling of information, notes, submissions, demonstrations, talks, explanations, lecture, address, speeches, shows, exhibitions, displays, introductions, launches, unveiling, parading (5) Izethulo zikaLindiwe Ntuli zohlelo “Sikhulekile Ekhaya” / Lindiwe Ntuli’s presentation of a programme called “Greeting to you at Home” = broadcasting, staging, shows, productions, performance, mounting, organizing, showing, representation, renditions izethusi /izithusanyoni / izinyoka-ezifile (UZL NC 9) dummies, mannequins, manikins, lifelike models, figures, lay figures, imitations, likeness, lookalike, representations, substitutes, samples, copies, replicas, reproductions, counterfeits, shams, fakes, forgeries ze… ze… of… e.g izinkomishi zetiye / cups of tea ze / buze / nqunu naked, nude, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with nothing on, stripped, unclothed, undressed, uncovered, be dressed in revealing clothes, be dressed in transparent clothes zeba / zintshontsha (UZL NC 9 : present tense) They steal… e.g. Izinkawu zeba amawolitshi ekhishini. / The mokeys steal oranges from (in / at) the kitchen. zebe / zintshontshe (UZL NC 9 : past tense) They stole… e.g. Izinkawu zebe amawolitshi ekhishini. / The mokeys stole oranges from (in /at) the kitchen zebela / zintshontshela (UZL NC 9 : present tense) They steal for… e.g. Izinkawu
zebela uThembi amawolitshi. / The monkeys steal oranges for Thembi. zebele / zintshontshele (UZL NC 9 : past tense) They stole… e.g. Izinkawu zebele uThembi amawolitshi. / The monkeys steal oranges in the kitchen. zebelwe / zintshontshelwe (UZL NC 9 : past perfect tense) They had … stolen… e.g. Izalukazi zebelwe impesheni ngamaqili. / The old women had their pension stolen by con- artists. zebiwe / zintsontshiwe (UZL NC 9 : past perfect tense) They were stolen…, They have been stolen… e.g. Izimbali zebiwe insizwa. / The flowers were stolen by a young man. zeceza / gebhula / sika / limaza (isenzo / verb) cut, cut more than onces, cut with a sharp object, make an incision, slice, gash, slash, lacerate, slit, pierce, penetrate, graze, nick, snick, notch, incise, score, lance, wound, injure zefeza / saha / sika uphindelela (isenzo / verb) cut with a saw, cut, cut up, carve, divide, segment, section zeka / landa / tshela / chaza / xoxa / beka / khuluma (isenzo / verb) narrate, tell, relate, recount, give an account of, unfold, set forth/out, describe, detail, sketch out, portray, chronicle, give a report of, report, relay, retail, delineate, rehearse, recite; voice-over (2) promise to marry, put down-payment as a commitment to marry one’s bride zeka / gana / thola umakoti / thatha umakoti / iba nomfazi (isenzo / verb) have a wife, get a wife, find a wife, look for a wife, marry, tie a knot zekela / khongela (isenzo / verb) assist with negotiating for another, be an umukhongi (um’khongi) or negotiator of ilobolo, contribute towards ilobolo zekela / xoxela (isenzo / verb) narrate to, talk to, explain to (check zeka /landa above)
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zekwa / ganiswa / shadiswa (isenzo / verb) have lobola paid to your family as a female, be made to marry (female) zela / ngquphazela / funa ukulala / iba nobuthongo / dakwa ubuthongo / khathala (isenzo / verb) be drowsy, be sleepy, be half-asleep, be tired, weary, be fatigued, be extremely exhausted, be lethargic, be sluggish, be dozy, be heavy, be heavy-eyed, yawn, be nodding, be groggy, be somnolent, be ready for bed, be torpid, be lifeless, be listless, be languid, be languorous, be comatose, be dazed, be drugged (2)tranquillizing, lulling, soothing; dreamy zelela (isenzo / verb) be drowsy on, at, to e.g. uThemba uzelela esiteringini. / Temba is drowsy on the steeringwheel. zelisa / lalisa (isenzo / verb) make one or others sleepy, causing drowsiness, bore someone, be boring, be tedious to, be unbearable, pall on, stultify, stupefy, weary, tire, fatigue, send to sleep, exhaust, wear out, leave cold, bore to tears, bore to death, hebetate. Zenele. / Zanele. (sentence word: UZL NC 9) They are enough. / They have had enough. zenelise, zigculise, aneliseka, eneliseka, gcwaliseka satisfy oneself, become fulfilled, be happy, be satisfied, Zeneliseni. / Zaneliseni (sentence word: UZL NC 9) satisfy them, fulfill them, gratify them, meet their expectations, serve them well, provide for them, supply them generously, indulge them, please them zenu (UZL NC 9) your e.g izingane zenu / your children zenze (isenzo / verb) do it on yourself, selfhelp
zenzele (isenzo / verb) do it for yourself (DIY) zenzelile did it himself or herself zenzelwe done for them zenzisa pretending, faking, lying zenzise / khohlisa / teketisa / shaya engazukuthi (isenzo / verb) pretend, make as if, profess, affect; dissimulate, dissemble, pose, posture, put it on, put on a false front, go through the motions, sham, fake it, kid zethu (UZL NC 9) our e.g izingane zethu / our children azi… azi / qaphela (isenzo / verb) know, be aware, beware, be on your guard, watch out, look out, mind out, be wary, be careful, be cautious, be on the lookout, be on the alert, keep your eyes open, be vigilant, be alert, take care, take heed, have a care, take it slowly, look where you're going, tread carefully, proceed with caution azisa / hlonipha / khulekela / thobela (isenzo / verb) respect, esteem, admire, think highly of, have a high opinion of, hold in high regard, hold in (high) esteem, think much of, approve of, appreciate, cherish, value, set (great) store by, prize, treasure, look up to, pay homage to, venerate, revere, reverence, adulate, worship, idolize, put on a pedestal, lionize, hero-worship, honour, applaud, praise, favour (2) Azisa indawo yakho yokulala / show regard for your resting or sleeping place = show consideration for, show regard for, take into consideration, take into account, make allowances for, take cognizance of, observe, pay heed/attention to, bear in mind, be mindful of, be heedful of, remember, regard (3) Yazisa imiyalelo kanyoko / Abide by the rules of your mother or
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Respect your mother’s warnings = abide by, comply with, follow, adhere to, conform to, act in accordance with, acquiesce to, assent to, consent to, accord to, yield to, submit to, defer to, bow to, obey, observe aziwa (isenzo / verb) be known ezi… ezi… (UZL NC 9, isiqalo sesiphawulo / adjective prefix ) izingane ezinhle / beautiful children, izenzo ezimbi / bad actions, izingane ezikhulumayo / talking children or talkative children ezibalweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the sums, accounts etc. ezibanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the lights, lamps or brightness ezibayeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the kraal ezilwaneni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the animals ezimbi the ugly ones e.g. Izinto ezimbi / The ugly things. ezindaweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the places, locations areas etc. ezinhle the beautiful ones e.g. izingane ezinhle / The beautiful children. ezinkambeni / ezinkabweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the pots of medicine. ezinkweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the bread ezinganeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the children ezingeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the level. ezintweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the things. ezinzwaneni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the toes. eziqalweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the prefixes, origins, openings. eziqiwini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the reserves, animal parks eziswini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the stomachs
ezithendeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the heels ezithweni / emilenzeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the legs. (2) ezithweni / emizimbeni to / at / in / for the bodies ezizibeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the rivers, still water, deep water ezizweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the nationalities, countries, places, far away places izi… izibabazo (UZL NC 9) exclamations izibaca (UZL NC 9) flat things izibacakisi / izigandayi (UZL NC 9) grinders, molar teeth izibalo / izibaloxazulula (UZL NC 9) mathematics (2) counting, accounting izibambiso (UZL NC 9) deposits, down payment izibambo (UZL NC 9) handles izibani (UZL NC 9) lamps, lights, illumination izibankwa (UZL NC 9) lizards izibaya (UZL NC 9) kraals izibazi (UZL NC 9) scars izibazisi (UZL NC 9) curving tools izibazo (UZL NC 9) curvings izibekelo (UZL NC 9)/ imiqathango (UZL NC 10) preconditions, prerequisites, obligatory conditions izibekiso (UZL NC 9) lay-byes, deposits izibele (UZL NC 9) male breasts izibi (UZL NC 9)/ udoti (UZL NC 1.1) rubbish, thrash, waste izibiko / izethulo (UZL NC 9)/ imibiko (UZL NC 10) reports, presentations, feedback izibiliso (UZL NC 9) fermentations, yeasts izibindi (UZL NC 9) livers izibihli (UZL NC 9) melting things izibizo (UZL NC 9) bride’s family premarriage gifts izibomu (UZL NC 9) deliberate acts, intentional acts
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izibonakalisi (UZL NC 9)/ amalambu (UZL NC 9) lights, indicators izibonakaliso / izibonakalisisitha / iziprofetho (UZL NC 9)/ imibhulelo / imibonisozimfihlo (UZL NC 10) revelations, disclosures, (2) indicators izibonelo (UZL NC 9) examples izibongelo / izithakazelo / iziqubulo (UZL NC 9) praise-names, oral history of black African families, chants, oral tradition recitals, family history recitation, mantras, incantations, intonations, recitations, singing, songs, recitative izibongo / izithakazelo (UZL NC 9) surnames, family names, official identities, legal identities izibophezelo / izibopho /izivumelwano /izishicilelomuthetho / izivumelwanozibophezelo / izingalo-zomuthetho (UZL NC 9)/ amakhontrakthi (UZL NC 7) contracts, written agreements, commitments, arrangements, deals, obligations, responsibilities, settlements, bonds, undertakings, understandings, compacts, packs, conventions, bargaining agreements, treaties, Memoranda of Understanding (MOU), accounts, concordats, engagements izibopho / izintambo (UZL NC 9)/ amafosi (UZL NC 7) cords, laces, ties, strings, wires, bonds, fetters, links, ligatures, fastenings, fasteners izibozi (UZL NC 9) / okonakele (UZL NC 4) rotten things; rot, decomposition, decay, corrosion izibubulo / iziqubulo (UZL NC 9)/ itoyitoyi (UZL NC 6)/ izigqi /izibongelo (UZL NC 9) slogans, chants, legends, catchphrases, toyitoyi, catchline, catchwords, jingles, sayings, formulas, watchwords, mottos, mantras, rallying cries, ululations, shibboleths
izibucu / izicubu (UZL NC 9) minced or cut up into very small chunks such as meat, izibukeli / izethameli (UZL NC 9) spectators, onlookers, fans, supporters, audiences izibukezo (UZL NC 9) / imibukezo (UZL NC 10)/ ukulungisa (UZL NC 4)/ izilungiso (UZL NC 9) rehearsals, reiterations, repeating, restatement, retelling, iterations, recitals, recapitulations (2)editing, corrections, updating, emendation, alterations, changing, adaptation, rewriting, redrafting, recasting, rephrasing, reworking, updating, revamping (3) review, restructuring, reconsideration, reexamination, reassessment, reevaluation, reappraisal, change rethinking, modification izibuko (UZL NC 9)/ indawo yokuwela river crossing, crossing, pedestrian crossing, street crossing, pelican crossing, zebra crossing, (2) traversal, traverse, passage, voyage, journey, cruise, sail (3) izibuko / izithwebuli (UZL NC 9) mirrors, reflectors, looking glasses (4) izibuko (UZL NC 9) spectacles, glasses, eye-glasses, izibulo (UZL NC 2)/ umaqala (UZL NC 1.1) first born child in the family (***amazibulo, UZL NC 7, plural / first born children in the family ; inkosazane, umafungwase / first born female child, inkosana / first born male child)
izibunu / izinqa (UZL NC 9) bums, bottoms, buttocks, backsides, rear ends izibunge (UZL NC 9)/ amakha (UZL NC 7)/ impepho (UZL NC 6)/ ukunuka kamunandi (UZL NC 4) scents, smell, fragrances, aromas, sages, perfume, redolence, savour, odour, whiff; bouquet, nose izibungu / izimpethu / izikelemu (UZL NC 9)/ imisundu (UZL NC 10)/ ompeshwana / onompeshwana (UZL
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worms, earthworms, roundworms, flatworms, vermian izibusiso (UZL NC 9)/ amathamusanqa (UZL NC 7)/ izinhlanhla (UZL NC 9) blessings, fortunes, luck, prosperity, good life, love, abundance izibhada /izibhadu (UZL NC 9)/ imikhangu (UZL NC 10) birthmarks, naevus, strawberry mark, port wine stain, mole; blemish, discoloration, patch. izibhadu (UZL NC 9)/ amabala amakhulu amabi (UZL NC 7) big ugly spots, multiple big marks, patches, pops, dots, specks, speckles, flecks, smudges, smears, stains, blotches, blots, splashes, daubs izibhakela (UZL NC 9) fists izibhalala / izikhafu (UZL NC 9)/ amaduku okwembatha / amaduku okushuqula (UZL NC 9) scarves, scarfs, mufflers, headscarves, head-squares, izibhamu (UZL NC 9) guns (2) izibhamu / izipatsha (UZL NC 9)= glamourous women izibhanana (UZL NC 9) banana plantations izibhebhe (UZL NC 9)/ amabhilibhodi (UZL NC 7) billboards, big or very broad flat objects, outdoor boards izibhedi / izibhedane (UZL NC 9)/ osomahlaya (UZL NC 8.1) comedians, jokers, funny people, humorous talkers, wits, humorists izibhedu (UZL NC 9) protests (see izibhelu) izibhedubhedu (UZL NC 9) violent protests (see izibhelu) izibhedlela (UZL NC 9)/ imitholampilo (UZL NC 10) hospitals, medical institutions, medical centres, health centres, clinics, infirmaries, sanatoriums, nursing homes, convalescent homes izibhelu (UZL NC 9)/ imibhikisho / imibhidlango (UZL NC 10)/ udlame (UZL NC 3)/ ingxabano (UZL NC 6) multiple sporadic incidences of protests, rebellions, revolts, riots, NC 8.1)
insurrection, mutinies, revolutions, insurgences, insurgency, rising, rioting, civil disobedience, civil disorder, unrests, anarchy, fighting in the streets, uprisings, service delivery protest marches, coups, regime changes izibhicongo / izinhlekelele (UZL NC 9)/ umonakalo (UZL NC 1.2) destructions, demolitions, episodes of any of the following : knocking down, pulling down, tearing down, dismantling, wrecking, breaking up, ruination, smashing, blasting, shattering, blowing up, bombing, torpedoing, mass killings, catastrophes, massacres izibhobo (UZL NC 9)/ amahlaba (UZL NC 7) sharps pains, shooting pains, stabbing pains, pangs, spasms, stitches, cramps izibhongo (UZL NC 9)/ ukuziphindiselela (UZL NC 4) revenge, requital, reprisal, vengeance, retribution, retaliation, recrimination izibhubhubhu (UZL NC 9)/ isibhubhubhu / isigubhukane (UZL NC 5) suddenness , unexpectedness, unforeseen, unanticipated, anything which happens without warning or notice, not bargained for, immediate, swift, instantaneous, instant, precipitous, precipitate, abrupt, rapid, quick, lightning, quick, hurried izibhudukane (UZL NC 9) eruptions izicaba / izibaca / izidavazi (UZL NC 9) flat objects, any objects that are flat. (check izibaca above) (2) izicaba / amaThasikhani = Tuscany designed houses or houses which resemble designs of west Italy houses. izicabucabu (UZL NC 9) spiders izicabha / izivalo (UZL NC 9)/ iminyango (UZL NC 10)/ amacango (UZL NC 7) doors, doorways, portals, openings, hatches, entrances, entries, exits, egresses
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izicaciso / izichachiso / izikhanyiso / iziphawulo (UZL NC 9)/ imininingwane (UZL NC 10)/ izilandiso (UZL NC 9)/ imibiko (UZL NC 10)/ izithombe (UZL NC 9) explanations, descriptions, accounts, elucidations, illustrations, reports, representations, interpretations, chronicles, narrations, narratives, recounting, rendition, relations, commentaries, versions, portrayals, portraits, word pictures, evocations, details (2) izicaciso / izichaciso (UZL NC 9) in grammar = qualificatives such as : iziphawulo (UZL NC 9)/adjectives; izibaluli (UZL NC 9)/ relatives, ongumunini (UZL NC 1.1)/ possessives, inani (UZL NC 2)/ quantitatives izicathulo / izihlangu (UZL NC 9) shoes, izicebi / izinginga / izinkinsela / izigwili / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9)/ abadla izambane likapondo (UZL NC 8.1) wealthy people, the rich, the affluent, the moneyed, millionaires, billionaires, trillionths, well off, the well-to-do, the prosperous, the comfortable, the opulent, the propertied, those of means, those of substance, the plutocratic izicefe / izicikane (UZL NC 9) irritating things iziceke / izinkeshezi (UZL NC 9) half full, half empty izici (UZL NC 9) imperfections iziciciyeli (UZL NC 9) repairers iziciko / izivalo / izidikiselo (UZL NC 9) lids, coverings, top, cap, covering; cork, stopper, bung, plug izicocisi / izihlambisi / izikhuhlukisi (UZL NC 9) cleaning chemicals = detergents, cleaners, cleansers, washing powder, washingup liquid; soap powder, soap flakes izicoco (UZL NC 9)/ ongiyane (UZL NC 8.1) head-rings of Zulu men (2) crowns of huts (check isicoco) izicucu (UZL NC 9) shreds, small pieces of things, tatters, scraps, strips, rags,
snippets, snips, remnants, fragments, slivers, splinters, chips, bits, tiny bits, pieces, tiny pieces, wisps izichaka / izihlupheki / izilambi (UZL NC 9)/ onozikweletu (UZL NC 8.1) poverty-stricken people, impoverished people, destitute people, the ones dying of hunger, necessitous, beggars, the penurious, the impecunious, the indigents, the needy, the indebted izicholo (UZL NC 9)/ amafindo (UZL NC 7)/ izibopho (UZL NC 9) tufts, clumps, bunches, knots, clusters, tussocks, locks, wisps, crests, topknots, tassels, floccules, izichulu (UZL NC 9)/ amachulu (UZL NC 7)/ izinqulu (UZL NC 9) hip-bones izichwayo (UZL NC 9)/amakamu / amahhala (UZL NC 7) hair-combs, combs, hair-brushes, tools used to groom, tools for untangling, smooth, straighteners, rakes izichwe (UZL NC 9)/otokoloshe / otikoloshe (UZL NC 8.1)/imithwa (UZL NC 10)/ amadoda- amafishane (UZL NC 7)/ omantindane (UZL NC 8.1) dwarfs, pigmies, pygmies, very short person, those with restricted growth (2)izichwe (UZL NC 9)/ obhokoloshe (UZL NC 8.1) = the lightweights, mediocrities, nobodies, gnats, insignificants izichwensi (UZL NC 9)/ ochwensa / abadelelayo / abachwensayo (UZL NC 8.1)/izideleli / izedeleli (UZL NC 9) rascals, scoundrels, rogues, rude people, ill-mannered people izicwangcwisi /izinhlelonzalo/izicwangcisi / izivimbinzalo (UZL NC 9) contraceptives, birth-control methods; pregnancy preventing procedures; contraceptive pills, injections, incisions, fertility suppression devices izicwebi (UZL NC 9)/ abacwebileyo / abangcwele (UZL NC 8.1)/ oshwelebaba/ abalungilelo /
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abalandeli-baJesu Krestu / abakholiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the holy, the saints, the religious, Christ followers, the kind, sinless, righteous izicwebisi / izicweli (UZL NC 9)/ ifloradi (UZL NC 6) fluoride izicwengo (UZL NC 9)/ amavovo (UZL NC 7) skimming instruments, sifting instruments, clearing instruments izicwicwicwi/ izicukuthwane (UZL NC 9)/ ononhlevu (UZL NC 8.1)/iziphakanyiswa (UZL NC 9)/ omuntakabani (UZL NC 8.1) the elite, the selected few , the nonpareils, the elect, aristocracy, nobility, gentry, upper class, the privileged class, first class, establishment; high society izicwiyo (UZL NC 9)/ ezikahheshane (UZL NC 9)/ onoxhaka (UZL NC 8.1) spying devices, traps izidabane (UZL NC 9) wild banana, strelitzia augusta izidabulane / izihlabani / izihlakaniphi (UZL NC 9) geniuses, intellectuals, brilliant izidakamizwa (UZL NC 9)/ umubulalazwe (UZL NC 10)/ izidungangqondo / izilalisi (UZL NC 9) narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, addictive drugs, recreational drugs, illegal drugs, abused substances, alcohol, cigarette, dagga (2) izilalisi = sedatives, tranquillizers, calmatives, depressants, sleeping pills, soporifics, narcotics, opiates izidakwa / izimpuzi (UZL NC 9) drunkards, alcoholics izidalwa (UZL NC 9)/ imvelo / imveli (UZL NC 6)/ okudaliwe (UZL NC 4) creations, people, nature, the world, the universe, the cosmos, life, living things izidalwa / izithutha (UZL NC 9)/ abangasekho / abaphansi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathongo / amadlozi (UZL NC 8.1) ancestors, the deceased, the departed, the spirits, the spiritual
guides, the cleansed, the protected, the ones living beyond izidambisamuzimba / izidambisazinhlungu (UZL NC 9)/imithi-yokwelapha (UZL NC 9) / izelapho / izilapho / iziphilisi / izibuyisamandla (UZL NC 9) medication, medicament, remedies, cures, nostrums, dose, panacea, placebo, prescribed drugs, medicinal drugs, prescription, treatments, healing, therapeutics, therapy izideku (UZL NC 9)/ ingqikithi (UZL NC 6)/ izimpande (UZL NC 9) roots, root and branch, the source of natural process in trees, (2) the root canals (3) the root causes, the essence, the origins, origination izidenga / izinoko (UZL NC 9)/ amavila (UZL NC 7)/ oxathawane / abangenamudlandla (UZL NC 8.1) people who are indolent, lazy, idle, slothful, loafing, work-shy, apathetic, lackadaisical, inactive, inert, sluggish, lethargic, listless, slow, slow-moving, dull izidididi (UZL NC 9)/ insambatheka (UZL NC 6)/ okudidayo / okungaqondakaliyo/ okuxakanisekile / okuxakanisayo (UZL NC 4) confusion, bewilderment, bafflement, perplexity, puzzlement, mystification, stupefaction, disorientation, befuddlement, muddle, discomfiture, discomposure, astonishment izidididi / iziduphunga / iziphukuphuku (UZL NC 9)/ ozamuthilili (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphungumangathi / izilima / izimpatha (UZL NC 9) idiots, fools, buffoons, dunces, dolts, morons, ignoramuses, cretins, imbeciles, dullard, clods, simpletons izidikadika (UZL NC 9)/ indilibathwa / imbadlambadla/ insumansumane / intwenkulu (UZL NC 6) massive objects, huge, enormous phenomena,
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mammoth, mountainous thing, gigantic, monumental occurrence, tremendous, proportions, vast happening izidikidiki / iziminyaminya (UZL NC 9)/ iningi (UZL NC 2)/ izinkumbi / izindimane / izinyokotho / izinkumbula (UZL NC 9) congestions, overcrowded, cramped, jammed, stampede, multitude, thousands of people, large crowds, swarm, packed izidikiselo / izivalo / iziciko (UZL NC 9) covers, coverings, lids, tops, caps, corks, stoppers, bungs, plugs izidindi (UZL NC 9) grassroots, (2) fools, idiots iziduko / izithakazelo (UZL NC 9) family praise names izidomu / izilima (UZL NC 9) fools, stupid people, dunces, slow-learners izidonsa (UZL NC 9)/ ubhonqo / ulunyosisu (UZL NC 3)/ ukulunywa isisu-esihambisayo (UZL NC 4)/amahlaba-esiswini (UZL NC 7) stomach cramps, pulling or griping or straining at stool, diarrhoea accompanied by stomach cramps izidubedube / izidumo (UZL NC 9)/ imibhikisho / imibhiyozo / imizabalazo (UZL NC 10)/ iziteleka (UZL NC 9) unrest, uprising, disruptions, disturbance, agitations, upsets, trouble, turmoil, disorders, chaos, strife, anarchy, turbulences, protests, unplanned sporadic incidences, discontentment izidubuli / izilalo (UZL NC 9)/ imivimbo /imithubiyelo (UZL NC 10)/ izigwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 9)/ ubugwiqiqi (UZL NC 8.2) internal contusions, internal bleeding, internal injuries, swelling as a result of injury (2) suddenness, unexpectedness izidubulo / izibhamu / iziqhumane / izinganono / izisiezikhalisunyembezi (UZL NC 9) explosives, guns, firearms, bombs,
incendiary devices, incendiaries, teargases, missiles izidubulo / izinhlungu / izibhobo (UZL NC 9)/ amajaqamba (UZL NC 7) pains, sufferings, agonies, afflictions, torture, torments, discomforts, soreness (2) shooting pain, aches, aching, hurts, throb, throbbing, smarting, pricking, stings, stinging, twinges, stab, pangs, spasms, stitch, cramps, discomfort, irritation, stiffness, iziduduzelo / iziduduzo (UZL NC 9)/ imilolozelo (UZL NC 10) lullabies, cradle songs, soothing songs, gentle songs, quiet songs, melodies izidudula / izidudla / izibefu (UZL NC 9) obese people, fat people, overweight, stouts, corpulent, plump, chubby, podgy, roly-poly, paunchy iziduko / izithakazelo / izibongo (UZL NC 9)/ isende (UZL NC 2)/imvelaphi (UZL NC 6)/ umulando-womundeni (UZL NC 9)/umuzi (UZL NC 1.2)/ indlu (UZL NC 6)/ igazi (UZL NC 2) genealogy, pedigree, ancestry, origin, descent, lineage, line of descent, family tree, derivation, heritage, parentage, paternity, birth, family, dynasty, roots, bloodline, house, blood, bloodline, history, background, roots izidumo / izidubedube (UZL NC 9)/ imibhiyozo (UZL NC 10)/ iziteleka (UZL NC 9)/ izivukelamubuso (UZL NC 9)/ ulwelomubuso / udweshu (UZL NC 3) uprisings, protests, rebellions, revolts, insurrections, mutinies, revolutions, insurgencies, rising, rioting, riots; civil disobedience, civil disorder, unrest, anarchy, fighting of government, coup, regime change izidumbu / imizimba-efile (UZL NC 9) carcasses, dead bodies, corpses, cadavers iziduphunga / izidididi / izilima / izithingithingi (UZL NC 9) fools, stupid people, idiots, halfwits, nincompoops, blockheads, buffoons,
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dunces, dolts, ignoramuses, cretins, imbeciles, dullards, morons izidlakela / izikhwepha (UZL NC 9)/ imisiphaqinile (UZL NC 10) muscles, muscularity, brawn, brawniness, burliness, huskiness, physical strength, toned body, weight (2) amandla = strength, power, authority, force, might lovers izidlakudla (UZL NC 9)/ ogimba (UZL NC 8.1) obsessive eaters izidlaliso (UZL NC 9) nicknames, jokes, satire izidlamulilo (UZL NC 9)/ amaphekulazikhuni (UZL NC 7)/ izilwi (UZL NC 9)/ amadelakufa (UZL NC 7)/ izigayigayi / iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9)/ osusimpi / okhuzimpi / okhalasibhamu (UZL NC 8.1) terrorists, bombers, arsonists, incendiaries, gunmen, assassins, desperados, hijackers, revolutionaries, radicals, guerrillas, subversives, anarchists, fighters, insurrectionists, insurrectionaries izidlathi / izihlathi (UZL NC 9) cheeks izidleke (UZL NC 9) nests izidlidli / imikhukhu slums, squatter camps, shacks, informal settlements/housing ((2) jammed, packed, squeezed, quashed, compacted, compressed together (3) torrential rain izidlo / izibiliboco (UZL NC 9) cuisine, food, buffer, cooking, cookery, fare, fine eating izidlo zakusihlwa = dinner, supper izidlo zasemini = lunches izidlo zasekuseni = breakfast (2) izidlo zasesontweni = sacrament izidlodlo (UZL NC 9)/ amajele (UZL NC 7) prisons, prison cells, jails izidlova / izidlokovula / izidlothovu / izidladlamuka (UZL NC 9)/ ophumasilwe (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaqaba / amagqagqamuka (UZL NC 7) barbarians, savages, wild people,
primitive, heathens, cannibals, uncivilised izidlozane (UZL NC 9) napes, back of people’s necks izidlulamithi / izindlulamithi (UZL NC 9) giraffes izidlungandlebe (UZL NC 9)/ amahlongandlebe (UZL NC 7)/ onkaniyasha / onkanini / ozwilakhe (UZL NC 8.1) stubborn people, those who do not heed advice, heedless people, izidlwangudlwangu (UZL NC 9)/ amadlebeleka (UZL NC 7)/ izixhwanguxhwangu (UZL NC 9) illtempered people, fiery tempered people, short-tempered izifaca / izifaxa (UZL NC 9) dimples izifafazi / izifafazo / izicheleli (UZL NC 9) sprays, spray guns, atomizers, vaporizers, aerosols, water cans, sprinklers, nebulizers, irrigation tools izifaniselo / izibonelo (UZL NC 9)/ imifanekiso (UZL NC 10)/ izifaniso (UZL NC 9) examples, samples, models, demonstrations, illustrations, imaging, specimen, comparisons, cases izifaniso / izifananisi (UZL NC 9)/ imifanekiso / imifaniswano (UZL NC 10)/ ukuhlobana (UZL NC 4) similarities, resemblances, likeness, sameness, similitudes, comparable things, parallelisms, equivalence; interchangeability, closeness, nearness, affinity, homogeneity, agreement, uniformities relatedness izifebe (UZL NC 9)/ amahule (UZL NC 9)/ omahambelala / onondindwa (UZL NC 8.1) prostitutes, promiscuous people, cheaters, whores, sluts izifenqo / izifekethiso (UZL NC 9) / amalebuli (UZL NC 7)/ amagamasidlaliso / amagamateketisa (UZL NC 7) nicknames, sobriquets, bynames, tags, labels, familiar names, epithets,
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diminutive, term of endearment, endearments, affectionate names, famous name izifiki (UZL NC 9)/ abokuhamba (UZL NC 8.1) foreigners, aliens, outsiders (2) newcomers, inexperienced people, immigrants izifinyezo / / izifingqo (UZL NC 9)/ amafishane /amafuphi / amanqampunqampu (UZL NC 7)/ okucashuniwe / okufingqiwe okukhelwephezulu (UZL NC 4) summaries, abridgements, abstracts, synopsis, outlines, overview, résumé, sketches, truncation, digest, recapitulation, recap, summing-up, rundown, round-up, review, shortening, shortened version, abridged version, concise version, condensation izifiso (UZL NC 9)/ amaphupho / amanxanelo (UZL NC 7)/ inxanelo (UZL NC 2)/ amathemba (UZL NC 7) wishes, desires, aspirations, ambitions, hopes, dreams izifo / izigulo (UZL NC 9) / ukugula / ukufa (UZL NC 4)/ izinhlungu (UZL NC 9)/ ukungaphili (UZL NC 4) diseases, illnesses, sicknesses, ill-health, infection, ailments, disorders, indispositions, afflictions, health conditions, viruses izifuba (UZL NC 9) chests, (2) secrets, confidential matters izifumbu (UZL NC 9) humps on one’s back, people with humps on their backs izifundiswa (UZL NC 9) / abancwadile / abaziyo (UZL NC 8.1) the educated, the tutored, the schooled, the wellinformed , the intellectuals izifundo (UZL NC 9)/ imfundiso (UZL NC 6)/ ukwazi (UZL NC 4)/ ulwazi (UZL NC 3) lessons, studies, classes, sessions, seminars, teachings, skilling, tutorials, lectures, educational lessons (2) imisebenzi, ukufunda ngokwenza = exercises,
assignments, tasks, role play, practical, drill, homework, team work, brainstorming (3) ukufunda ngokucaphuna = quotations, scripture reading, text messages, information search, google, reading, verses (4) Izifundo ngokubona = experience, warnings, deterrents, cautions, examples, exemplars, messages, morals, precepts. (5) ukujula ngengqondo = knowledge, wisdom, experiences, enlightenment, truths, philosophy, moral value system, standards izifungo / izibophezelo / izibopho (UZL NC 9) vows, oaths, pledges, promises, bond, covenant, troths, commitments, avowal, profession, attestations, sworn statements, affirmations, assurance, word, word of honour, guarantees izifutho (UZL NC 9) pumps izigaba (UZL NC 9)/ amazinga (UZL NC 7)/ imikhakha (UZL NC 10)/ izahluko (UZL NC 9) levels, rankings, hierarchies, categories, strata (2) Izigaba zamazinga okuphila / levels of social organization = categories, codification, systematization, stratification, taxonomies (3) izigaba zencwadi / chapters of a book = chapters, subchapters, sections, sub-sections, divisions, subdivisions, parts, portions, segments, components, titles, sub-titles, themes, sub-themes, pages (3) Izigaba ngokweminyaka yezinguquko empilweni /social transformation over different epochs = epochs, periods, aspects, times in history, phases, pages, stages, episodes, eras (4) Izigaba zezinhlaka zezinhlangano zombusazwe / Hierarchies of political structures = hierarchy [branches, local structures, regional structures, zones, sub-regions, provinces, national, continental,
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international], hierarchy of mandates, hierarchy of authorities izigangi / izilima (UZL NC 9)/ abanobuntwana / ochukwini / onhlekabayeni (UZL NC 8.1) naughty, the silly, jokers, satirists, comedians, ‘foolish’, ‘stupid’ (2) unintelligent people, idiots, unstable, scatterbrained, brainless, mindless, witless, imbeciles, imprudent, thoughtless, reckless people, irresponsible fellow human beings, flighty, frivolous, giddy, fatuous, immature, childish people (3) petty criminals, petty thieves, ludicrous, absurd people, bizarre fellows, izigaxa / izimbulunga / izixhobo (UZL NC 9) lumps, something that is intact, systems, units, something that is complete, body izigayegaye (UZL NC 9)/ ubumunyama (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathunzokufa (UZL NC 7) gloom, darkness, blackness, shadows, death-traps izigayegaye / izoni / izonakali (UZL NC 9)/ abahamba-ngobumunyama (UZL NC 8.1)/ osathane (UZL NC 8.1) the sinners, the wicked, the corrupt, the wicked, the evil, the devils izigayigayi / izikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 9)/ omakhonya (UZL NC 8.1) izigayigayi zomuzabalazo / the enthusiasts of the liberation movement, those committed to the course, the fighters, the followers = enthusiasts, fans, fanatics, devotees, aficionados, addicts, lovers, admirers, supporters, followers, experts, wizards, connoisseurs, authorities, pundits izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ otsotsi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izaphulimuthetho (UZL NC 9)/ amasela (UZL NC 9)/ ababulali (UZL NC 8.1) criminals, lawbreakers, offenders, villains, transgressors, the burglars, the fraudsters, the crooks, swindlers, the thieves, murders, the killers
izigege (UZL NC 9)/ imibhelenja (UZL NC 10) beaded traditional mini skirts for girls izigejane (UZL NC 9)/ amadlanzana / amaqeqebane (UZL NC 7) groupings, small groups or crowds such as clubs, guilds, syndicates, fellowships izigelekeqe (UZL NC 9)/ imigulukudu (UZL NC 10)/ izelelesi (UZL NC 9) villains, scoundrels, evil doers, criminals, thugs, hooligans izigemegeme / izehlo / izinhlekelele (UZL NC 9) recurrent misfortunes, repeated bad lucks, massive accidents izigidi (UZL NC 9)/ inqwaba / inqwabanqwaba (UZL NC 6)/amakhulukhulu (UZL NC 7)/ izinkulungwane / izizumbulu (UZL NC 9) large amount, immense number, fair amount, great quantity, quantities, abundance, profusion, plenty, multitude, masses, great many, considerable number, numerous, scores, hundreds, thousands, izigidigidi / izizumbulu / izindimbane / izigidi / izinkumbi (UZL NC 9)/ izinkulungwane eziphindaphindiwe (UZL NC 9) countless, millions billions, innumerable, untold, legion, numberless, endless, unnumbered, numerous, manifold, multitudinous, multifarious, incalculable, infinite, immeasurable numbers of, multitudes izigi (UZL NC 9)/ ubugidigidi (UZL NC 8.2)/ inhlokomo (UZL NC 6) footsteps, footfall, step, stride, tread, pace, stomp, stamp, trembling sound (2) rhythm, beat, cadence, tempo, time, pace, pulse, throb, lilt, clap, swing, periodicity, an approaching sound izigigaba / izehlo / izehlakalo (UZL NC 9)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ imbedumehlwana (UZL NC 6) ordeals, tribulations, trials, episodes,
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happenings, incidents, occurrences, painful experience, fatal encounters, spell of troublesome encounters izigijimi / izithunywa (UZL NC 9)/ abaphathiswa (UZL NC 9) messengers, message-bearers, message-carriers, postmen, couriers, runners, heralds, harbingers, dispatch riders, envoys, emissaries, agents, go-between, legates, nuncios izigilamukhuba (UZL NC 9)/ ogelekejane / oziyaqhiyama / abangasabihlazo (UZL NC 8.1) immoral people, criminals, prostitutes, drug addicts, alcoholics, promiscuous men and women, cheaters, unethical, immoral members of society, the dishonest, unconscionable, iniquitous, the bad, the morally wrong, the wicked, the evil type, the unprincipled, the unscrupulous, disreputable, fraudsters, corrupt leaders, the villainous, the sinners, the shameless, iziginci (UZL NC 9) guitars izigingqane / izigingqi (UZL NC 9)/ ubugingqigingqi (UZL NC 8.2) scattered objects or bodies, falling, collapsing, scattering, crumbling of objects or bodies e.g. Kwaba izigingqane ngenkathi kuqhuma ibhomu. / There was scattering as the bomb exploded. izigobhe / izingoxo / izinkolombela (UZL NC 9) sunken eyes, hallowed eyes izigoco (UZL NC 9)/ isigoco (UZL NC 5)/ izihlava (UZL NC 9)/isihlava (UZL NC 5)/ ukubola (UZL NC 4) blights, rot, decay, disease, canker, infestation, fungus, mildew, mould izigodi / izigceme (UZL NC 9)/ amasebe (UZL NC 7)/ imiphakathi (UZL NC 10)/ amawadi (UZL NC 7) villages, local communities, tribal authorities, neighbourhoods, wards, local areas within a ward in South Africa, rural villages, izigodo / izingodo / izibonda (UZL NC 9) tree stumps, poles,
izigodlo (UZL NC 9)/ ikomukhulu (UZL NC 2)/ emakhosini / endlunkulu the royal households, upper house of the royal household, the monarchies place of residence, the kings’ homestead, the chief’s house, the (2) the churches, the worshipping places izigoga / izishosha / izidalwa (UZL NC 9) disabled people, physically challenged individuals, people with limited mobility izigoge / izimboni / izikhiqizimunotho (UZL NC 9) manufacturing plants, industries, production, manufacturing, mass-production, construction sites, building sites, assembly points, factories, fabrication sites, prefabrication sites, processing plants, engineering field izigogemboni (UZL NC 9) massive production plants originated, managed and run by black African industrialists. (This term was sponsored by the late Bhekezakhe Machi, born in 1956 and died in 2012 who had a vision of black African industrialists creating wealth for more generations to come post colonialism as part of the restoration of black African dignity. Machi believed that corruption was a curse and needed to be destroyed. He envisioned a new growth path for Africa. He believed that izigogemboni are critical in transforming the psyche of black Africans and positioning the continent as a global economic powerhouse. Machi believed that Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) can never work or translate into desired prosperous outcomes of black Africans as long as black Africans tolerate corruption, greed, laziness and crass materialism) izigovuzo / izigoqozisi (UZL NC 9) / amaphini (UZL NC 7) mixing instruments or tools, wooden spoons, electrical
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appliances used to mix food or stirring izigubhu / izipakupaku (UZL NC 9)/ amadramu (UZL NC 7) drums, canisters, barrels, cylinders, tanks, bins, cans, the pounding, the beating, the rhythm iziguli (UZL NC 9)/ abangaphilile / abantekenteke (UZL NC 8.1)/ izincikinciki (UZL NC 9) patients, the sickly, the weak izigcaki (UZL NC 9) basking areas, the sunbathes, the warm areas izigceme / izigodi (UZL NC 9)/ amasebe (UZL NC 7)/ imiphakathi (UZL NC 10)/ amawadi / amavidi (UZL NC 7) voter registration districts (VDs), municipal areas, local areas within a ward, ward delimitations, villages within a ward, tribal authorities izigcililishane / izigcibilishane / izibankwa / izigcilikisha / izibankwa lizards izigcinimafa / izibhekelamafa (UZL NC 9)/ abagcinimafa (UZL NC 8.1) deceased estate executors, institutions or persons by a testator to carry out the terms of their will izigcobo / izithambisi (UZL NC 9)/ amakhathakhatha (UZL NC 7)/ ukhilimu (UZL NC 1.1)/ izimboziso / izishibilikisamuzimba (UZL NC 9) moisturising lotions, moisturisers, balms, Vaseline, ointments, rubbing staff, cosmetics, applications, ointments, lotion, creams, salves, liniments, rub, body gels, body butter, emollient, unguent, balsams, pomades, pomatums, demulcents, humectants izigcono (UZL NC 9)/ amahlaya (UZL NC 7)/ amahlayeni (UZL NC 7)/ukuqala (UZL NC 4)/ izidelelo (UZL NC 9) jokes teasing, tricks, practical jokes, pranks, stunts, hoaxes, japes, spoofs izigcoyi / izingcezu / iziqephu (UZL NC 9) pieces, bits, slabs, slices, segments, chunks, segments, lumps,
hunks, wedges, knobs, blocks, cakes, bars, tablets, bricks, cubes, offcuts, samples, particles, fragments, flakes, slivers, splinters, wafers, chips, specks, scraps, remnants, shreds, shards, snippets, components, parts, sections, constituents, elements, units, izigcozi / izikiki / izingeje (UZL NC 9) chamber pots, night bowls, patient’s receptacles, patient’s repositories. izigculisi / izanelisi (UZL NC 9)/ imithobanhliziyo (UZL NC 9) (check izanelisi above)
izigcwaliso / izifungo / iziqiniseko / izifungo (UZL NC 9) sureties, bonds, securities, collaterals, guarantees, deposits, pawns, gages, earnests, commitments, obligations, pledges, words of honor, vows, oaths izigcwelegcwele / izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ abakhuthuzi / abaminci / ababulali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigelekeqe (UZL NC 9)/ amasela (UZL NC 7)/ abagqekezi (UZL NC 8.1) criminals, thieves, law breakers, muggers, shoplifters, burglars, housebreakers, rapists, fraudsters, swindlers, racketeers izigqabo (UZL NC 9) muti used for warding off bad spirits or bad omen izigqabhozi / izigqabhuzi (UZL NC 9) big holes, big trenches, deep trenches izigqala (UZL NC 9) cows that give very little milk, goats that give very little izigqamuko (UZL NC 9)/ amalangabi (UZL NC 7)/ imililo (UZL NC 7) flames, fires, blazes, conflagrations, infernos, holocausts, firestorms izigqibo (UZL NC 9)/ imilamulajuqu / iminqamulajuqu (UZL NC 10)/ izinqumo / iziphetho (UZL NC 9)/ ukuvala (UZL NC 4)/ amanyathelophambili (UZL NC 7)/ izivumelwano (UZL NC 9) decisions, resolutions, conclusions, settlements, commitments, resolves, determinations, choices, options,
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final episodes, selections (2) izigqibo / izigwebo / ujuqu / imilamulajuqu / iminqamulajuqu / iziphumo / iziqhamo = sentence, final decisions, verdicts, findings, rulings, judgments, pronouncements, adjudications, arbitrations, sentences, decrees, orders, rules, injunctions, final results izigqiki / izitulo / izihlalo (UZL NC 9) chairs, izigqila (UZL NC 9)/ abacindezelwe (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicashalala (UZL NC 9)/abangenamalungelo (UZL NC 8.1) slaves, serfs, vassals, thralls, helots, odalisques, blackbirds, hierodules izigqishi / izigqisho / izigxishi (UZL NC 9) compressors, izigqoko / izihloniphisinhloko (UZL NC 9)/ amakepisi (UZL NC 7)/omakhalabha (UZL NC 8.1)/ imihele (UZL NC 10)/ amabho / amabharethi (UZL NC 9) hats, head coverings, head gear, helmets, straw-hats, caps, izigquzulo / izigqunsuli (UZL NC 9) extractors izigqwagqwayi / izikhwishikhwisi/ izishingishane (UZL NC 9) high spirited people, energetic people izigwadlulo / izigwabulo / izigwanxo / izimba / iziqebekulo (UZL NC 9) diggers, excavators, earth moving equipment izigwava (UZL NC 9) guava plantations izigwayi (UZL NC 9) tobacco plantations izigwe / izikhwenene (UZL NC 9) parrots izigwebo (UZL NC 9)/ imilamulajuqu (UZL NC 10)/ ujuqu (UZL NC 3)/ iminqamulajuqu (UZL NC 10) sentencing, punishments, final decisions izigwedo / izingwedo (UZL NC 9) carving instruments, graving tools, curved knives, graving irons
izigwedla / izikhweqe / izikhondlakhondla /izikhondla / izikhwebedla / izidletheva (UZL NC 9) muscular people, hefty people, strongly built people, people who play wrestling, people who play rugby izigwedlela (UZL NC 9) dippers, ladles izigwedli / izingwedli (UZL NC 9) boatmen, paddlers, rowers izigwedlo (UZL NC 9) oars, paddles, punting-poles izigwegwe / izigwembe (UZL NC 9)/ uphulomuthetho (UZL NC 3) illdiscipline, unruliness, disorders, unlawful acts, anarchy, chaos, unruliness, lack of control, lack of restraint, wildness, riots, criminality, crime, rebellion, revolution, mutiny, insurgency, insurrection(2) izigwembe (UZL NC 9)/ okugwegwile (UZL NC 4) bends, curves, twists, curls, curvatures, kinks, bows, archs, elbows, angles, forks, turns, loops, hooks izigwevi (UZL NC 9)/ amabhoklolo (UZL NC 7)/okhandaqinile / okhandalumutshela-okwakhe (UZL NC 8.1) stubborn people, quarrelsome people, izigwili / izicebi / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9) rich people (see izicebi) izigwilikici (UZL NC 9)/ omalalephenduka (UZL NC 8.1)/ amagwilikici (UZL NC 7) people who are: gullible, credulous, over-trusting, over-trustful, trustful, easily deceived, easily led, unwary, exploitable, dupable, deceivable, impressionable, unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unguarded, unsceptical, ingenuous, naive, innocent, simple, inexperienced, unworldly izigwinyamadoda (UZL NC 9)/ amasava (UZL NC 7) torpedo fishes (2) very attractive women, seductive women
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izigxa (UZL NC 9)/ imigxala (UZL NC 10)/ amajolomba (UZL NC 7) iron rods, crowbars, digging instruments, digging tools, bars, digging sticks, digging poles, digging batons, shafts, struts izigxeki (UZL NC 9)/ abagxekayo / abahliphizi / abahlabi / abahlabibahlikize (UZL NC 8.1) critics, detractors, censurers, attackers, fault-finders, carpers, backbiters, cavillers, revilers, vilifiers, traducers, disparagers, denigrators, deprecators, belittlers izigxeko / izihlabi (UZL NC 9)/ ugxeko / uhlaselo (UZL NC 3)/ iziphawulo (UZL NC 9) criticism, censures, condemnations, denunciations, disapprovals, disparagements, opprobrium, smears, aspersions, captiousness, fault-finding, carping, chastisement, castigation, slurs, upbraiding, vituperation, scolding, chiding, reproofs, strictures. izigxishi / izigqingqi / izigxushi / izigxusho (UZL NC 9) compressors, compactors, or any instrument, tool, equipment or machine used to perform the following functions : flatten; squeeze, press, squash, crush, cram, jam, stuff, wedge; tamp, pack, wad, compact, constrict. izigxobo / izibonda / izingodo / izinsika (UZL NC 9) pillars, poles, wooden poles, izigxusho (UZL NC 9) compressing equipment, crushing equipment, compacting tools (see izigxishi above) izihabe / izingibane (UZL NC 9)/ amavayolina (UZL NC 7) musical instrument, violins izihabhu (UZL NC 9) harps, harmonicas izihabhu / iziginci (UZL NC 9) guitars izihabhu (UZL NC 9)/ imidondoshiya (UZL NC 10) tall people izihabhuhabhu / izigcwaliswamoya (UZL NC 9)/ amapharashutha / amabhaluni (UZL NC 7) balloons, parachutes (2) good for
nothing people, people who get promoted without requisite skills izihabhuzi /izinhlewuka / izihobhozi (UZL NC 9)/ amanxeba (UZL NC 7)/ izingozi (UZL NC 9)/ amakhulu (UZL NC 7) / izimbobo ezinkulu (UZL NC 9) deep wounds, gashes, injuries, deep lesions, lacerations, cuts, slashes, multiple deep tear in one’s body, gouges, punctures, scores, incisions, slits, splits, rips izihadolo / izihahadolo / izihalamahogo (UZL NC 9)/ okuklaklayo (UZL NC 4) bitter-tasting substance or food izihahadolo (UZL NC 9) (see izihadolo above) izihahisi / izihehisi / izilutha (UZL NC 9) enticements, baits, charm, temptations, attraction, desirability, allurement, bewitchment, enchantment, seduction, persuasion, captivation strategies, magnetisms izihambi / izihambeli / izivakashi (UZL NC 9)/ abakhenkesi / abakhenkethi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifiki (UZL NC 9)/ amavizitha (UZL NC 7) travellers, tourists, visitors, explorers, sightseers, holidaymakers, voyagers, wanderers, surveyors, vacationers, prospectors izihambeli / izindwendwe (UZL NC 9)/ abavakashi (UZL NC 8.1) visitors izihamfuhamfu (UZL NC 9) ferocious people or animals izihanguhangu (UZL NC 9)/ amalangabi (UZL NC 7) flames, infernos izihaphungana / izintolokotho (UZL NC 9) useless people izihayo (UZL NC 9)/ inhlokomo / itoyitoyi (UZL NC 6)/ izibongelo / iziqubulo (UZL NC 9) chants, slogans, rallying calls, war cries, choruses, chanting, praises izihebelendu / izithebe (UZL NC 9)/ amaseva (UZL NC 7) large wooden serving trays, platters, serving plates, serving bowls, serving dish, salvers,
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izihenqo / izihonqo (UZL NC 9)/ imipheme (UZL NC 10) windbreakers, wind-blocking objects, windblocking attire, wind-breaking jackets, shelters to protect one from wind izihibe (UZL NC 9)/ amafindo (UZL NC 7)/ izivimbela / izikhubekiso / izinkinga (UZL NC 9) obstacles, knots, stubbling blocks, disturbances, complications, obstructions, difficulties, impediments, barriers, hurdles, deterrents, problems, interference izihogo / izindlu-zikaSathane (UZL NC 9) hell places, the nether regions, the abyss; the abode of the damned, the eternal damnation places, Satan homes, devil corners, the homes of evil izihhahhamela (UZL NC 9)/ uchuku / uthuthuva (UZL NC 3) aggression, belligerence, bellicosity, antagonism, truculence; pugnacity, pugnaciousness, combativeness, militancy, izihlabani / izingwazi (UZL NC 9) victors, champions, winners, title holders, knights, heroes, Izihlabathi (UZL NC 9)/ amazwengamazwe (UZL NC 10) lands, many countries izihlabelelo / amaculo / izingoma songs, hymns, chants, carols, religious song, anthem, song of praise, canticle, chorale, music izihlahla (UZL NC 9)/ imithi (UZL NC 10)/ amahlathi (UZL NC 7) trees, forests, timberlands, wilderness, shrubs izihlakali (UZL NC 9) wrists izihlakaniphi / izinjulangqondo / izingcithabuchopho (UZL NC 9) clever people, intelligent people, academics, scientists, engineers, brilliant people, bright, philosophers, smart people, wise people, talented, wizards, the gifted, the precocious, capable sons and daughters
izihlalandawonye people who stay in one place, static people, dogmatic people, rigid people, traditionalists, izihlalo / izitulo chairs, seats, sofas, benches, (2) Izihlalo eziphezulu / the top positions = positions, status, places, authorities, levels, ranks, influence, reputation, importance, consequence, class, designation izihlangu (UZL NC 9)/ amahawu (UZL NC 7) shields, protection, securities, safeguards izihlangu / izicathulo (UZL NC 9) shoes, sandals, boots, izihlathi / izidlathi (UZL NC 9) cheeks izihlava (UZL NC 9)/ ukubola / ukonakala (UZL NC 4) rot, decay, decomposition, corrosion; mould, mouldiness, mildew, blight, canker; putrefaction, putrescence; wet rot, dry rot izihlephu / izibotho (UZL NC 9) defaced people, people with multiple-scars on their face, those who look older than their age, shadows of former selves izihlisa (UZL NC 9)/ imidwayidwa (UZL NC 10) dark patches on one’s face as a result of skin lightning lotions, defacement, blemishes, discolouration, imperfections, flaws, defects, disfigurement on the face, defacement, spoiling, scarring, mutilation, damage on one’s face izihlobo (UZL NC 9)/ abozalo (UZL NC 8.1)/ igazi (UZL NC 2)/ abegazi (UZL NC 8.1) relatives, off-springs, family members, blood line relatives, lineage, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, cousins and nephews izihloko (UZL NC 9) headings, titles izihlokwana (UZL NC 9) sub-titles izihlongozo (UZL NC 9) contemplations, thoughts, considerations, proposals, conceptualization, concepts izihluko (UZL NC 9)/ impikiswano (UZL NC 6)/ uphikiswano (UZL NC 3) differences,
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variances, divergence, contrasts, differentiantions izihluleki / izahluleki / izehluleki (UZL NC 9) failures, losers, the defeated, the unsuccessful izihlunga (UZL NC 9) discriminations, prejudices, racial separation laws izihlungu (UZL NC 9)/ ubuthi(UZL NC 8.2) / ushevu (UZL NC 1.1) venom, poison, toxins, allergies, body reaction izihlupheki (UZL NC 9)/ abaswele / abadingayo / abantulayo / izinkedama / abahlwempu (UZL NC 8.1) destitute people, poor, the indigent, the poverty stricken, the needy, the deprived, the disadvantaged izihluthu / izinwele ezinde (UZL NC 9) long hair, untidy hair, bushy hair, izihluthu (UZL NC 9)/ umuselemanzi (UZL NC 1.2) storm-water drainage, drains, drainage izihluthulelo (UZL NC 9)/ okhiye (UZL NC 8.1)/ izingidi (UZL NC 9) keys, padlocks, locks izihluzu / izinkonyane (UZL NC 9) muscles izihlwabusa / izinkulungwane / izinhlwabusuku (UZL NC 9) flying termites izihlwele (UZL NC 9) crowds izihlwibi / izihlephu (UZL NC 9) defaced people, ugly people izijabulisi / izinhlekisabayeni (UZL NC 9) ecstasy, euphoria, rapture, bliss, elation, cloud nine, rhapsodies, exultation, delight izijaka (UZL NC 9) ill-tempered people, izijalimane (UZL NC 9) German print clothes, traditional cloths often with traces of red, green or blue izijeziso / izijezo (UZL NC 9) punishments, penalties, retribution, discipline izijila (UZL NC 9)/ okhandaqinile / okhandalumutshelokwakhe (UZL NC 8.1)/ onkaniyasha (UZL NC 8.1) stubborn people, headstrong, bully, obstinate,
mulish people, inflexible or uncompromising people izijivazo (UZL NC 9)/ impoxo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuphoxeka (UZL NC 9)/ uhudulelogama (UZL NC 3)/ ulwehlisowasithunzi (UZL NC 3) humiliations, embarrassment, vilification, mortification, shame, indignity, ignominy, disgrace, dishonour, discomfiture, degradations, discredit, izijobelelo (UZL NC 9) suffixes, additions, supplements, appendages, adjuncts, addendums, add-ons, extras, accompaniments, extensions izikali / izilinganisi (UZL NC 9) scales, measurements, weighing machines, balance, weightings izikele(UZL NC 9) pairs of scissors izikelemu (UZL NC 9) worms iziketi (UZL NC 9) skirts izikibha (UZL NC 9) T-shirts, sweaters, iziko (UZL NC 9) fireplace izikole (UZL NC 9) schools izikofu (UZL NC 9) abbrasions, scratches, laceration, abscess, blister, pustule, sore izikuta (UZL NC 9) scooters izikhalo / izibeleselo (UZL NC 9) grievances izikhathi (UZL NC 9) times, years, epochs, eras, periods, izikhafu (UZL NC 9) scarves, scarfs izikhindi (UZL NC 9)/ omadolo (UZL NC 8.1) short pants, shorts izikhiye / izihluthulelo (UZL NC 9) keys, locks, izikhokho (UZL NC 9) crusts izikhonyane (UZL NC 9) swarm izikhonzi / izinceku (UZL NC 9) worshippers, izikhotha bushes, scrubs, izikhova (UZL NC 9) owls izikhukhula (UZL NC 9) floods izikhukhukazi (UZL NC 9) hens izikhukhwazana (UZL NC 9) small hens
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izikhuleko / izintambo / izibopho (UZL NC 9) cords, cables, ropes, lines, strands, hawsers, laces, strings izikhulu (UZL NC 9)/ abaphathi (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphathimandla (UZL NC 9) authorities, decision-makers, lawmakers, people with power and influence, management, leadership izikhulumi (UZL NC 9) speakers, contributors izikhumulo / iziteshi (UZL NC 9)/ amarenki (UZL NC 7) stations, stopping places, stops, halts, station stops, stages, terminuses, terminals, depots, passenger stations, coach station izikhumulo zezitimela = railway stations, train stations, izikhumulomabhasi = bus stations, izikhumulomatekisi (UZL NC 9)/ amatheksirenki(UZL NC 7) = taxi-ranks, izikhumulozindiza (UZL NC 9) airports izikhumba (UZL NC 9) skins, coverings, leather izikhumbuzo / izinkumbulo (UZL NC 9)/ ukumbulwa kwetshe / ukugezwa kwezandla / ukubuyisa ongasekhoyo (UZL NC 4) remembrance, commemorations, memories, recognitions, uneveiling of tombstones, church service in memory of, traditional ceremony in honour of the deceased relative, the home coming of the spirit or soul of the deceased relative izikhuni / izinkuni (UZL NC 9) woods izikhundla / izihlalo (UZL NC 9) positions, leadership positions, political positions, board positions, directorship positions, school leadership positions, Student Representatives Council (SRC) positions, School Governing Body (SGB) positions, occupations, titles, denominations, honorifics, labels, names, epithets, ranks, status, offices, levels in the hierarchy izikhundla / izikhala / izikhundlamusebenzi (UZL NC 9)/
imisebenzi (UZL NC 10)/ amatoho (UZL NC 7) openings, positions, vacancies, vacant positions, posts, jobs, opportunities, job opportunities, placements, places, niches, slots izikhungo (UZL NC 9) places, designated places, Voting Districts (VDs), restricted areas, focused areas izikhwakhwalala (UZL NC 9)/ isikhwakhwalala (UZL NC 5) / amashwa (UZL NC 7)/ isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5)/ amabhadi (UZL NC 7)/ izehlo (UZL NC 9)/ ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2)/ izinsizi (UZL NC 9)/ ubuhlungu (UZL NC 8.2) afflictions, suffering, distress, pain, troubles, woes, miseries, wretchedness, hardships, misfortunes, adversities, sorrows, torments, ordeals, ills, trials, tribulations, calamities izikhwama (UZL NC 9) bags, carriers, carrier bags, izikhwebu / izixhobo (UZL NC 9) complex whole, systems, units, networks, apparatus something in its entirety, izikhwebu zombila = mealie cob, (2) childless married couple izikhwehlela (UZL NC 9)/ amafinyila (UZL NC 7) phlegm, mucus, catarrh, mucous secretion izikhwelo / ezokuthutha (UZL NC 9) transportation, izikhwelomoya, izikhwelondiza (UZL NC 9) air transportation, izikhwelo ezihamba phansi (UZL NC 9) / izikhwelozaphansi = ground transportation, izikhwelomanzi = water transportation, marine transportation, izintambokhwelo (UZL NC 9) cables transportation, elevators, lifts izikhwelontabazihlabathi, izikhwelozimpi (UZL NC 9) armunition transportation, 4X4, izikhwelisimpahla (UZL NC 9) cargo, freight, consignment, delivery, shipment, contents, baggage, burden; goods, merchandise; shipload,
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boatload, lorry loads, truckloads, container -loads izikhwelo (UZL NC 9)/ amaladi (UZL NC 7)/ izitebhisi (UZL NC 9) ladders, stepladders, stairs izikhwepha / izidlakela (UZL NC 9) physical strength, well-built men, manly-built women. izikhweqe / izikhonyakhonya / izikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 9) well built people, (2) bold and handsome men, sturdily-built men, hefty men, broadshouldered, muscular, well muscled, strong, robust-men izikhwezeli / izihlohlolozi (UZL NC 9)/ abahlohlidweshu (UZL NC 8.1) inciters, agitators, firebrands, provocateurs, fomenters, troublemakers, izikhwezo / izigcinimafa (UZL NC 9) archives, heritage sites, banks, museums, izikhwici / izigqishi (UZL NC 9) sealers, sealants, adhesives, compressors, (2) emblems, symbols, insignias, devices, badges, crests, coat of arms, tokens, marks, monograms, stamps izikhwico (UZL NC 9)/ indlala (UZL NC 9)/ isomiso (UZL NC 5) poor harvest, poor crop, drought, dry spell, dry period, lack of rain, shortage of water, starvation, shortages izilokotho / izifiso (UZL NC 9) wishes, hopes, izilonda (UZL NC 9) sores; wounds, bad skin outbreak izilondolozimasiko / izilondolozimagugu / izigcinimilando / izigcinimagugu (UZL NC 9) / abakhwezimagugu (UZL NC 8.1) archivists, heritage custodians, cultural experts, iziluleko / izeluleko (UZL NC 9)/ ukuboniswa (UZL NC 4) advices, recommendations, guidelines, suggestions, hints, tips, pointers, guidance, advising, counselling, counsels, valuable information,
enlightenment; ideas, opinions, views, facts, data izilwane (UZL NC 9) animals izilwi (UZL NC 9) fighters izimakade (UZL NC 9) eternal things, never ending phenomena izimakethe / izitolo (UZL NC 9) markets, marketplaces, marts, shopping centres, bazaars, plazas izimaku (UZL NC 9)/ imidlwane (UZL NC 10)/ ophaphi (UZL NC 8.1) puppies izimali (UZL NC 9) bundles of cash, bundles of money izimanga / izimangaliso (UZL NC 9) wonders, awes, admirations, fascinations, surprises, astonishments, amazements(2) marvels, miracles, phenomena, wonderful things, sensations, spectacles, curiosities izimanga / izimangaliso (UZL NC 9)/ imihlola / imigilingwane (UZL NC 10) outrages, atrocities, scandals, shock, abomination, obscenity, act of wickedness, crime, wrong, horror, enormity, violation, brutality, barbarism, inhumane act, disgrace izimangalelwa (UZL NC 9)/ abamangalelwa / abasolwa / abathweswicala (UZL NC 8.1) accused, appellants, litigants, respondents; suspects izimangali (UZL NC 9)/ abamangali / abakhonondi (UZL NC 8.1) plaintiffs, complainants, accusers izimangaliso / izimanga (UZL NC 9) awe, wonders, wonderments, amazements, astonishments, admiration, reverence, veneration, respect, dread, terror, fear izimamba (UZL NC 9) mamba snakes, highly venomous African snakes izimanzi (UZL NC 9) well-built women, women with beautiful legs and backside, beautiful fuller figure women izimemo (UZL NC 9) invitations
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izimemezelo (UZL NC 9) announcements, notices izimeko / izimo (UZL NC 9) situations, circumstances, contexts, predicaments, conditions, state of affairs izimilo (UZL NC 9)/ ukuziphatha kahle (UZL NC 4)/ isimilo (UZL NC 5) integrity, moral authority, ethics, morality, izimiso (UZL NC 9)/ imiqathango (UZL NC 10) procedures, methodology, formulae, mechanisms, systems, standards imigudu nezimiso (UZL NC 9) processes and procedures izimo/ izimeko (UZL NC 9) situations, circumstances, predicaments, conditions izimu / izimuzimu (UZL NC 9)/ abantu abadla abantu (UZL NC 8.1) cannibals, man-eaters, people-eaters, anthropophagites, vampires izimuncwane (UZL NC 9) acidic things, acidic tastes, sour taste, acidic fruits, acidic plants, sour food, lemon like taste, izimungulu (UZL NC 9) people who cannot talk, izimba (UZL NC 9)/ imigxala (UZL NC 10)/ amapiki (UZL NC 7) digging-tools, picks and shovels izimuncwane / iziklaklane (UZL NC 9) acidic fruits, acidic plants, sour food, lemon like taste, izimbali / iziqhakazisi / iziqhakazi (UZL NC 9)/ amablumu (UZL NC 10)/ izintshakazi (UZL NC 9)/ amaflawa (UZL NC 7) flowers, blooms, blossoms, flowerets, florets izimbamugodi (UZL NC 9) mine workers (2) destitute people, toiling people, servants, workers, manual labourers izimbangela (UZL NC 9)/ imisusa (UZL NC 10)/ izimpande (UZL NC 9) root causes, causes, reasons, grounds, justifications, calls, needs, necessities, occasions, basis, motives, motivations, inducements, excuses,
pretexts, purposes, stimulus, provocations izimbangi (UZL NC 9) competitors izimbazo / izizenze (UZL NC 9) axes izimbewu / izithombo (UZL NC 9) seeds, seedlings izimbila (UZL NC 9)/ onogwaja / okhalulu (UZL NC 8.1) rabbits izimbiza / izinkamba (UZL NC 9)/ amabhodwe (UZL NC 7) pots, clay pots, clay containers, pots, pot plants (2) herbs, muti, healing plants, healing muti concoction (3) acne = izinduna , izimbiza, ikhambi). izimbobo (UZL NC 9)/ imigodi / imisele (UZL NC 10)/ amathuna / amangcwaba (UZL NC 7) holes, pits, ditches, trenches, cavities, craters, hollow, wells, boreholes, excavations, shafts, mineshafts, dugouts; caves, caverns, potholes, chambers, gorges, chasms, canyons, ravine, graves izimbokodo / izixhobo (UZL NC 9)/ amatshe / amadwala (UZL NC 7) rocks, grinding stones, stones, solid surfaces, pebbles, boulders, cobbles, gravel, screes izimbola (UZL NC 9) thundering sound, thunderbolt, thunderclap, thunder crack, thunder roll izimboni (UZL NC 9)/ amafemu / amashabhu (UZL NC 7) factories, manufacturing plants, industries, mills, manufacturing complex, manufacturing units izimbodla (UZL NC 9) male cats, wild cats izimbongi (UZL NC 9) praise poets, poets izimbongolo (UZL NC 9) donkeys izimbotshana (UZL NC 9) small holes izimbothwane (UZL NC 9) silver salmons izimbulu (UZL NC 9)/ osomaqhinga (UZL NC 8.1) deceivers, swindlers, jokers, fraudsters izimbulunga / izindilinga (UZL NC 9)/ orawondi (UZL NC 8.1) circles, round things e.g. rings, bands, circlets; halos, discs, wreaths
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izimbumbulu / izinhlamvu (UZL NC 9) bullets, shots izimbumbulu (UZL NC 9) stones, pebbles izimbungulu (UZL NC 9) bedbugs izimbuzi (UZL NC 9) goats izimpahla (UZL NC 9) goods, commodities izimpaka / izimbodla (UZL NC 9)/ amakati asendle (UZL NC 7) wild cats izimpande (UZL NC 9) roots izimpangele (UZL NC 9) guinea fowls, black and white sports izimpaphe / izinsiba (UZL NC 9) feathers (uphaphe / usiba - feather UZL NC 3: singular) izimpatha / izidididi (UZL NC 9) idiots izimpawu / izinkomba (UZL NC 9) indicators, signs, marks, bullet points, numberings, alphabetical orders (2) symptoms, manifestation (3) gestures, signals, body language, waves, nodding, signs of shyness, signs of happiness, actions, movements, motions, kinesics. (uphawu / indicator, UZL NC3 : singular)
izimpelesi (UZL NC 9)/ abaphelezeli (UZL NC 8.1) bridesmaids, retinue, entourage, cortège, following, staff, household, court, suite, attendants, retainers, followers, bodyguards. izimpendulo (UZL NC 9) answers, responses izimpethu / izibungu (UZL NC 9) worms izimpi (UZL NC 9) wars izimpiko / izimpaphe (UZL NC 9) wings , feathers (uphiko / wing, UZL NC 3: singular) (uphaphe / feather, UZL NC 3,: singular)
izimpimpi (UZL NC 9) spies izimpithi (UZL NC 9) / uphithi (UZL NC 3) plaited hair in thin strands, izimpisi (UZL NC 9) wolves izimpondo (UZL NC 9) horns (uphondo / horn : singular, UZL NC 3) izimpumputhe (UZL NC 9) blind people or animals izimpundu / izibunu / izinqa / izinqe (UZL NC 9) bums, buttocks, backsides Izimpunga / izingwevu (UZL NC 9) grey haired people; old people; elders
izinamba / izinombolo (UZL NC 9) numbers izinambuzane (UZL NC 9)/ amaphela / amakokoloshe (UZL NC 7) pests, cockroaches izinengiso /izinengo / izikhubekiso / izicefe (UZL NC 9) irritants, annoyances, nuisances, inconveniences, aggravations, menaces, torments, plagues, hassles, heartaches iziniseli / izicheleli (UZL NC 9) irrigation showers, water-cans izinoko (UZL NC 9)/ amavila (UZL NC 7)/ iminenke (UZL NC 10) slow-people, lazy people, those slow like snails izinongo / iziyolisi /izinandisi / izinambithisi (UZL NC 9) flavours, savours e.g sweeteners, food flavours, marinades, spices, seasonings, izinongo / izithako (UZL NC 9) ingredients, izinunu (UZL NC 9) insects, bugs, something creepy and crawly, something scary izincamiso / iziqiniseko (UZL NC 9)/ ubufakazi (UZL NC 8.2) proofs, evidence, confirmations, verifications, substantiation, corroborations, affirmations, authentications, attestations, documentation (2) njengaloku wayeshilo, nempela wazibeka zonke izincamiso phambi kwejaji / As he promised, he presented all the pieces of evidence before the judge = testimonies, statements, sworn statements, attestations, declarations, receipts, log books etc. izincatho / izipeti (UZL NC 9) enema administering instruments izinceku / izincelebane (UZL NC 9)/ abalandeli / abafundi (UZL NC 8.1) disciples, followers, adherents, believers, upholders, admirers, devotees, acolytes, votaries, pupils, students, protégés, learners,
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supporter, advocates, proponents, apologists izincephe /izicwephe / izibaca/ izibaca (UZL NC 9) thin flat pieces, flat thin objects, leveled and thin objects, izinciki / izincelebane / izimbamugodi (UZL NC 9) subordinates, people who are subservient, submissive, docile, blind-supporters, beggars izincomo / iziphakamiso (UZL NC 9) suggestions, proposals, recommendations, advices izinculu (UZL NC 9)/ abasikazikudla (UZL NC 7) people who eat less izincwadi (UZL NC 9)/ amabhuku (UZL NC 7) books, documents, letters, izindaba (UZL NC 9) news, stories, headlines, press statements, broadcasted news, newspaper contents, press briefings, (2) izindaba (UZL NC 9)/ amahebezi / amahhebezi (UZL NC 7) gossips, rumours, hearsays, (3) announcements, communication, information dissemination izindawo (UZL NC 9) places; locations izindebe (UZL NC 9) lips (2) awards, prize, trophy, medal; reward, honours, decoration = udebe (UZL NC 3, singular) lip izindenda (UZL NC 9)/ amakhethekhethe (UZL NC 7)/ umuhlanzo (UZL NC 1.2) jelly-like vomit, jelly-like substance, sticky-looking liquid izindida (UZL NC 9)/ impicabadala (UZL NC 6) mysteries, puzzles, enigmas, conundrums, riddles, secrets, unsolved problems izindishi / izitsha (UZL NC 9) dishes izindishinhlolimuhlaba (UZL NC 9) satellite dishes, space stations, space capsules, space-crafts, artificial satellite, communications satellite, weather satellite, television satellite; sputnik
izindodla / izingqumbi / izingqumbu/ izintaba (UZL NC 9) heaps, piles, huge piles, mountain high heap, mountains, masses, stacks, lumps, concentrations, conglomerations, accumulations, aggregations, concretions, accretions, assemblages, collections, stockpiles, build-up (2) large numbers, multitudes, crowds, mobs, rabble, barrages, throngs izindonga (UZL NC 9)/ uphahla (UZL NC 3) walls, barriers, barricades, palisades, partitions, room dividers, enclosures, panels, separators, dongas izindunduma (UZL NC 9) piles, heaps, humps, road humps izindlala (UZL NC 9) / ozagiga (UZL NC 9) glands, lymph note izindlebe (UZL NC 9) / amadlebe (UZL NC 7) ears izindlela / izinhlobo (UZL NC 9) / imigudu / imiqathango (UZL NC 10)/ inqubo (UZL NC 6) ways, methods, techniques, manner e.g. izindlela zokwakha imali / ways of making money (2) izindlela / imigwaqo ways, roads, route e.g. Indlela yokuya eThekwini. / The way to Durban. izindleko (UZL NC 9)/ inani (UZL NC 2)/ ukubiza (UZL NC 4) costs, price, valuation (2) izindleko (UZL NC 9)/ uchithomali (UZL NC 3)/ imaliechithiwe (UZL NC 6) expenditure izindlu (UZL NC 9)/ imizi (UZL NC 10)/ izakhiwo (UZL NC 9)/ amakhaya (UZL NC 7) houses, homes, homestead, dwellings, shelters, habitations, residences, abodes, domiciles izindwangu (UZL NC 9) dishcloths (2) baboons izinga (UZL NC 9)/ ibanga (UZL NC 2) level, standard, grade (2) izinga (UZL NC 9)/ inani (UZL NC 2) quantity, amount, extent, measure izingadi (UZL NC 9) gardens izingalo (UZL NC 9) arms
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izingane (UZL NC 9)/ abantwana (UZL NC 8.1) children, babies, kids izinganekwane (UZL NC 9)/ amabali (UZL NC 7)/ izindatshana zabantwana (UZL NC 9) folktales, stories, children’s stories izinganono / izibhamu (UZL NC 9) guns, revolvers, pistols izingelosi (UZL NC 9)/ abalungile (UZL NC 8.1) angels, kind people izingini (UZL NC 9) armless people; armless containers; armless cups izinginga / izinkinsela / izigwili / izicebi / izinsutha / izingquphunga (UZL NC 9) wealthy – people, rich people izingozi (UZL NC 9)/ amaphutha (UZL NC 7) mistakes, errors, misprints, inaccuracies (2) izingozi / izinhlekelele accidents, incidents izingubo / izivatho / izembatho (UZL NC 9)/impahlakugqoka / impahlayokugqoka (UZL NC 6) clothes (2) izingubo (UZL NC 9)/ amalokwe (UZL NC 7) female-dresses, (3) izingobozokulala (UZL NC 9)/ oblankethi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaduveyi (UZL NC 7) blankets, duvet covers izingulube (UZL NC 9) pigs izingungumbane (UZL NC 9) porcupines izinguquko (UZL NC 9)/ ushintsho (UZL NC 3)/ ukuphendula (UZL NC 4) / ubumbobusha (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukwakhabusha (UZL NC 4) changes, reconstruction, transformations, reviews, restructuring, alterations, modifications, variation, conversion, revision, amendment, adjustment, adaptation (2) izinguquko (UZL NC 9)/ ukwakhabusha (UZL NC 4) remodelling, reshaping, remoulding, redoing, reconstruction, rebuilding, recasting, reorganization, rearrangement, reordering, reshuffling, renovations (2) izinguquko zokukhula / ukwebuza (UZL NC 4) = metamorphosis, transformations, transfigurations, adaptations, evolution, mutation,
aging (3) izinguqukontengisomali (UZL NC 9) / the changes in money trading markets = swaps, exchange rates, exchanges, interchanges, commutations, conversions, substitutions, switches, rotations, alternations, changes in trade deficit, interest rate changes izinguzunga (UZL NC 9) big rocks, big things, big heavy objects izingcabo (UZL NC 9) clan or family identification incisions especially on the face izingcezu (UZL NC 9) pieces izingcili (UZL NC 9)/ onompeshwana (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikelemu (UZL NC 9) intestinal-worms, worms izingcuba (UZL NC 9) (lisebenza kwizilwane kuphela / applicable to animals only) / izidumbu (UZL NC 9) carcasses, corpses, cadavers, dead bodies, bodies, remains, skeletons, relics izingqathu (UZL NC 9) skipping-ropes izingqazu / izimomondiya / izimadzadza (UZL NC 9) / onobuhle (UZL NC 8.1) attractive women, beautiful women izingqibhobho / izinganono / izibhamu / iziqhumane (UZL NC 9)/ oqhwasha (UZL NC 8.1) guns, revolvers, pistols, AK 47, R1, firearms, machineguns izingqinamba / izikhubekiso (UZL NC 9) hindrances, obstacles, challenges, troubles, trials, tribulations izingqondo (UZL NC 9) brains, (2) izingqondo (UZL NC 9)/ ubuhlakani (UZL NC 8.2)/ ukhanda (UZL NC 3) brilliance izingqongqo (UZL NC 9)/ izingqwele (UZL NC 9)/ amaqhawe / amavulandlela (UZL NC 7) champions, pioneers, heroes, trendsetters; the enlightened, the ones with foresight izingqothovu (UZL NC 9)/ omakadebebona (UZL NC 8.1) / imidwayidwa (UZL NC 10) experienced people, people with lots of wisdom
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izingqumbi / izingqumbu (UZL NC 9) heaps (See izindodla) izingquza (UZL NC 9) anuses izinqwabanqwaba (UZL NC 9) multiple stacks; multiple heaps of things e.g., sand, thrash, izingqwembe (UZL NC 9) placards, billboards, banners, bills izingwadla / izihlabani / izinsephe / izingwayinqwayi / izishovushovu / izidlimihlanganiso (UZL NC 9)/ ompetha (UZL NC 8.1) victors, winners, war heroes, the brave, the strong, the fearless izingwenya (UZL NC 9) crocodiles izingwazi (UZL NC 9)/ amaqhawe (UZL NC 7)/ izihlabani (UZL NC 9)/ abanqobi (UZL NC 8.1) / izigayigayi (UZL NC 9) heroes, achievers, superstars, winners, conquerors, knights, warriors izingwevu / izimpunga (UZL NC 9) grey haired people; elderly people; elders izingxabano (UZL NC 9)/ ungqubuzwano (UZL NC 3)/ ukulwa / ukungezwani / ukuxabana /ukuthathana / ukubambanangezikhwepha / ukuhluntulana / ukuxakazisana / ukuxovanaimimoya / ukungaboni-ngasolinye / ukuqophisana / ukungabhekani (UZL NC 4) / izimpi (UZL NC 9) quarrels, arguments, rows, fights, disagreements, dissensions, fall-outs, disputes, disputations, contentions, squabbles, contretemps, clashes, altercations, exchanges, brawls, tussles, disturbances, conflicts, affrays, commotions, uproars, tumults, war of words, fracas, feuds, wrangles, tangles, misunderstandings izingxemu (UZL NC 9) squint eyes izingxoxo (UZL NC 9)/ uboniswano / uxoxiswano / ulalelwano (UZL NC 3) discussions, conversations, dialogue izinhlamba / izithuko (UZL NC 9)/ amagama-ayiziswane (UZL NC 7)/
amagama-adicilelayo (UZL NC 7)/ uhlambalazo / uthelo-ngehlazo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuhlazwa / ukuhlambalazwa (UZL NC 4) insults, slights, disparages, discredits, libels, slanders, maligns, defames, denigrates, the casting of aspersions on, slurs, reviles, calumniates izinhlaka / izinhla / izigeme / izinca (UZL NC 9) segments, leagues, affiliates, associates, streams izinhlanhla / izibusiso (UZL NC 9) fortunes, blessings izinhlangano (UZL NC 9)/ imibuthano (UZL NC 10) organisations, assemblies, congregations izinhlekelele / izingozi (UZL NC 9) massive accidents izinhlelo (UZL NC 9)/ amalungiselelo (UZL NC 7) arrangements, plans, preparations izinhliziyo (UZL NC 9) hearts izinhlobo / izinhlobonhlobo (UZL NC 9) types, varieties, assortments izinhloko (UZL NC 9)/ amakhanda (UZL NC 7) heads, sculps (2) decision makers; presiding officers; top executives of companies izinhloli / izimpimpi (UZL NC 9)/ abezomushoshaphansi s(UZL NC 8.1) pies, secret agents, double agents, counterspies, undercover agents, secret operatives, plants, snitches, infiltrators, moles izinhloso / izinjongo (UZL NC 9)/ impokophelo (UZL NC 6) / amaphupho (UZL NC 7)/ ulangazelelo (UZL NC 3)/ izifiso (UZL NC 9 ) aims, objectives, purposes, objects, goals, end, targets, desires, desired results, intentions, intents, plans, ambitions, aspirations, wishes, dreams, hope, resolve izinhlungu (UZL NC 9)/ ubuhlungu (UZL NC 8.2) / iminjunju (UZL NC 10)/ amahlaba (UZL NC 7 ) / ukunkenketha (UZL NC 4) pain, pains, aches, aching, soreness, hurt, throb, throbbing, smarting, pricking,
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sting, stinging, twinge, shooting pains, stab, pang, spasms, cramps suffering, agony, affliction, torture, torment, discomfort (2) izinhlungu zamajaqamba (UZL NC 9) / the pains of cramping = cramps, aches, soreness, stitches, hurt, discomfort, throb, throbbing, smarting, pricking, sting, spasm; stitch, cramp; discomfort, irritation, stiffness, tenderness (3) Izinhlungu zokushiywa uyise wabantwana / the pains of losing the father of her children = sorrow, grief, heartache, heartbreak, sadness, anguish, affliction, tribulation, vexation, woe, agony, unhappiness, distress, desolation, misery, wretchedness, despair, desperation, mental suffering, emotional suffering, trauma, bitterness (4) Into yokushisa izikole idala izinhlungu . / The act of burning schools is a nuisance. = annoyance, nuisance, pest, bother, vexation, irritant, source of worry, troubling, problems, inconveniences, trials, tribulations, plague, source of aggravation, bore, thorn in the flesh, (5) Kwamuthatha isikhathi esibuhlungu echaza / He took a lot of effort explaining = care, effort, bother, trouble, labour, exertion, strain, struggle. (*no singularity in this noun) izinkabi (UZL NC 9) bulls (2) izinkabi (UZL NC 9)/ abasocongi (UZL NC 8.1) assassins izinkalo (UZL NC 9) ridges (2) loins (3) lombagoes izinkambi (UZL NC 9)/ itiye (UZL NC 2)/ amathibhegi (UZL NC 7) tea-leaves, teabags izinkantolo / izindawozokuthethwa kwamacala / iznkundla zokuthethwa kwamacala / izigcawu (UZL NC 9) courts, centres of justice, tribunals, commissions, labour courts
Izinkamba / izimbiza (UZL NC 9) clay pots, pots (ukhamba = claypot, UZL NC 3, singular) izinkambiso procedures, practices, policies izinkampani (UZL NC 9) companies izinkanyezi (UZL NC 9) stars izinkathazo (UZL NC 9) worries, troubles izinkathi (UZL NC 9) periods, times, epochs, eras izinkawu (UZL NC 9) monkeys izinkemba / izikhali / izizenze / izilimazi (UZL NC 9) weapons izinkezo / izingcephe / izipuni (UZL NC 9) spoons izinkinobho (UZL NC 9) buttons izinkinga (UZL NC 9)/ imihlola / imikhuba (UZL NC 10) problems (check inkinga, umuhlola (um’hlola for other possible translations)
Izinkinsela / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9)/ amazimutiti (UZL NC 7) the elite, the sophisticated, the westernised, the rich izinkohliso (UZL NC 9)/ amadami (UZL NC 9) dummies izinkokheli (UZL NC 9)/ abaholi / abaphathiswa / abaphathi (UZL NC 8.1) leadership, leaders izinkolelo (UZL NC 9) belief-systems izinkomo (UZL NC 9)/ imfuyo (UZL NC 6) cows, cattle (2) ilobolo (3) vaginas izinkomishi (UZL NC 9)/ amamagi (UZL NC 7) cups, mugs (2) trophies, awards izinkomazi (UZL NC 9) milk-cows, cows which give plenty milk izinkomba / izitshengisi / izibaluli / izibonisi (UZL NC 9) indications, signs, indicators, symptoms, mark, manifestation, signals, demonstrations, evidence, attestation, proof; omen, augury, portent, warning, forewarning, pointer, guide, hint, clue. izinkontileka (UZL NC 9) construction firms or companies izinkophe (UZL NC 9) eyebrows izinkunzi (UZL NC 9) bulls izinkwa (UZL NC 9) breads
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izinqa / izinqe /izibunu / izimpundu (UZL NC 9) backsides, buttocks, bums izinqaba (UZL NC 9) refuge places, places of safety; hiding places, asylums, shelters, safety shelters izinqindi / izibhakela (UZL NC 9) fists izinqola / izithuthi (UZL NC 9) vehicles, wagons izinqolobane (UZL NC 9)/ imithombolwazi (UZL NC 10)/ imiqingolwazi (UZL NC 10) encyclopedias, thesauruses izinqothu (UZL NC 9)/ uqobo (UZL NC 3) self, eye-ball to eye-ball, face to face, in-person izinqulu / izinqe / izimpundu (UZL NC 9) lower-backs, lower area of the backs, buttocks areas, middle or lower backsides izinqumo (UZL NC 9) decisions, resolutions izinqwaba (UZL NC 9) heaps, piles, stacks izinqwbaqwaba (UZL NC 9) multiple stacks, multiple piles, multitude, many groups izingqwembe (UZL NC 9) placards, banners izinsansa (UZL NC 9)/ amadevu (UZL NC 7) moustache izinseka (UZL NC 9) after-birth-pains, birth-pains , intuition on one’s children (*there is no singularity in this word) premonitions associated with giving birth, overwhelming feeling when one’s child is in danger izinsele (UZL NC 9) badgers izinselele / izinkinga / izehlo / izenzeko (UZL NC 9)/ imihlola (UZL NC 10)/ amabhadi (UZL NC 7)/ usizi (UZL NC 3) challenges, obstacles, trials,, tribulations, tests, problems, worries izinselo (UZL NC 9) hoofs, trotters, cloven hoofs izinsengakwazi / izinkomazi (UZL NC 9) milk-cows
izinsephe (UZL NC 9)/ amapliti (UZL NC 7) frills, ruffles, flounces, ruffs, furbelows, izinsiba / izimpaphe (UZL NC 9) feathers = (usiba, uphaphe / feather, UZL NC 3, singular) (2) izinsiba (UZL NC 9) that which remains after sifting traditional home brew izinsipho (UZL NC 9)/ amaqhuzu okugeza (UZL NC 7)/ impuphu yokuwasha (UZL NC 6)/ impuphu yokuhlanza impahla (UZL NC 6)/ uketshezi lokuwasha (UZL NC 3)/uketshezi lokuhlamba impahla (UZL NC 3) detergents, soaps, cleaning chemicals izinsipho (UZL NC 9)/ amabele (UZL NC 7) dregs of beer, dregs of traditional home brew izinsizi (UZL NC 9)/ ubunzima (UZL NC 8.2)/ izingqinamba-zempilo / izinhlupheko (UZL NC 9)/ amabhadi / amashwa (UZL NC 7)/ izinkinga / izinkathazo (UZL NC 9) sorrows , troubles, miseries, misfortunes, problems, challenges (usizi / sorrow = singular, UZL NC 3)
izinsizwa (UZL NC 9)/ amabhungu (UZL NC 10)/ abafana (UZL NC 8.1) gentlemen, young men = (insizwa /gentleman suspicion : UZL NC 6, singular)
izinso (UZL NC 9) kidneys (inso / kidney, UZL NC 6, singular)
izinsolo (UZL NC 9)/ imidlinzo (UZL NC 10)/ okushaya amanzi / okushaya amakhala (UZL NC 4) suspicions, allegations, intuitions, premonitions, impressions, inkling feelings, speculations, surmises, guesses, conjectures, hunches, (2) notions, suppositions, views, beliefs, ideas, conclusions, theories, hypothesis, problems statements, presentiments izinsuku (UZL NC 9)/ amalanga (UZL NC 10) days = (usuku / day, 24 hours : UZL NC 3, singular) izinsumpa (UZL NC 9) warts (insumpa /wart : UZL NC 6, singular)
izinswazi (UZL NC 9) wet twigs (uswazi / wet twig: UZL NC 3, , singular)
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izinswelaboya (UZL NC 9)/ imigulukudu (UZL NC 10)/ izigcwelegcwele (UZL NC 9) hooligans, hoodlums, thugs, louts, delinquents, vandals, ruffians, rowdy people, troublemakers izintaba (UZL NC 9) mountains (2) izintaba / izingqumbi / izingqumbu (UZL NC 9) heaps, piles, stacks e.g. izintaba zomuhlabathi / heaps of soil, izintaba zezincwadi / heaps of books izintambo / izibopho (UZL NC 9) ropes, strings izintandane (UZL NC 9) orphans (intandane / orphan : UZL NC 5, singular)
izintanga (UZL NC 9 : mass noun) ground cover, edible ground cover izintatheli (UZL NC 9) journalists (intatheli / journalist : UZL NC 5, singular)
izintelezi (UZL NC 9)/ amakhambi (UZL NC 7)/ imithi (UZL NC 10)/ izithako (UZL NC 9) muti concoctions izintethe (UZL NC 9)/ amaqhwagi / amadiya (UZL NC 7)/ izikhonyane (UZL NC 9) grasshoppers, locusts (intethe / grasshopper : UZL NC 5, singular)
izinti (UZL NC 9) thin sticks (uthi / thin stick : UZL NC 3, singular)
izintingo (UZL NC 9)/ amabhathini (UZL NC 7) bundle of sticks & timbers for fencing or building izinto (UZL NC 9)/ uvucu (UZL NC 3) things, objects (into / thing : UZL NC 6, singular) izintombi (UZL NC 9)/ amantombazane / amanenekazi (UZL NC 9) ladies, girls, young females (intombi / lady : UZL NC 6, singular)
izintuba (UZL NC 9) openings, gaps (intuba / opening : UZL NC 6, singular) izintuli (UZL NC 9)/ uthuli / ubhuqu (UZL NC 3) dust izintuthwane / amatsheketshe / omakoti (UZL NC 9) ants (intuthwane / ant : UZL NC 6, singular) izintwala (UZL NC 9) lice (intwala / louse : UZL NC 6, singular)
izinyo (UZL NC 2, singular ) tooth (amazinyo / teeth : UZL NC 7, plural)
izinza (UZL NC 9) / uboya bezitho zangasese (UZL NC 9 : mass noun) pubic hair
iziphakamiso / izincomo (UZL NC 9) suggestions, proposals, recommendations iziphalo (UZL NC 9) scrappers iziphambano (UZL NC 9) crosses iziphambeko (UZL NC 9)/ amaphutha (UZL NC 9) mistakes, errors, unintended outcomes iziphazamiso / izingqinamba / izikhubekisi (UZL NC 9) disturbances, obstacles, barriers iziphazimi (UZL NC 9) flickering lighs iziphazamisi / izikhubekisani (UZL NC 9) spoilers, destractors, desperagers, denigraders iziphefu (UZL NC 9) amalambukapharafini (UZL NC 10) paraffin lamps izipheko / iziphaniso (UZL NC 9) donations, contributions towards wedding, funeral, feast or festival expenses, donations in-kind iziphiwo (UZL NC 9)/ amakhono / amathalente (UZL NC 9) talents, mastery, flare, aptitude iziphelo / iziphetho / izigoqi (UZL NC 9) endings, conclusions, finishings, completion iziphepho / izivunguvungu (UZL NC 9) storms, hurricane, tornado iziphihli (UZL NC 9) rage, outbursts (2) abundance izipho (UZL NC 9) gifts iziphongo (UZL NC 9) foreheads iziphoxi (UZL NC 9) spoilers iziphukuphuku / izilima stupids, fools iziqalo (UZL NC 9)/ imithombo / imisuka (UZL NC 10) starts, beginnings, dawns, births, inceptions, starts, conceptions, originations, genesis, emergences, rises, starting points, very beginnings, launches, onsets, outsets, kick-offs, commencements (2) iziqalo / izingeniso / izandulela (UZL NC 9) = prefaces, introductions, forewords, preambles, opening statements, opening remarks, preludes, prologues (3)
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iziqalo / izakhiwo zokuqala zamagama (UZL NC 9) prefixes (4) iziqalo / izimvelaphi (UZL NC 9)/ imisuka (UZL NC 10)/ izimpande / izinkaba (UZL NC 9)/ inzalo (UZL NC 6) origins, sources, starting points, birthplaces, cradles, springs, mainsprings, basis, embryos, germ, genesis, creation, roots, seeds, early stages iziqengqe / izidabulane (UZL NC 9) top achievers iziqephu / iziqephuqephu (UZL NC 9) / amaphisisi (UZL NC 10) pieces, chunks iziqimuqimu (UZL NC 9) hard things, concrete surfaces, hard soil iziqiwu / iziqhingi (UZL NC 9) islands, reserves, conservation areas, national parks, animal sanctuaries, preserves, reservations, safari parks iziqu / izinhlaka / izibonda / izakhiwo / izimiso (UZL NC 9) stems, trunks, stalks, stocks, canes, peduncles, bines, pedicels, petioles, axis iziqu (UZL NC 9)/ imiyezane (UZL NC 10) academic degrees iziqhamo / iziphumo (UZL NC 9)/ imiphumela (UZL NC 10) outcomes, results, end results, consequences, net result, upshot, effect, after-effect, aftermath, conclusions, sequels, follow-up, issues, products, end products, end, development, offshoot, outgrowth, wake, denouement iziqhamoziphumo / iziphumoziqhamo (UZL NC 9)/ imiphumela (UZL NC 10) outcomes, consequences, impacts, outputs iziqhelo (UZL NC 9)/ injwayezi (UZL NC 6)/ injwayezo (UZL NC 6)/ izejwayezi (UZL NC 9) / inqubo (UZL NC 6)/imigomo / imiqathango (UZL NC 10) habits, practices, customs, norms, traditions, regular patterns, routines, styles, conventions, policies, known ways of doing things , manners, modes,
rules, tendencies, propensities, inclinations, proclivities, proneness, dispositions, predispositions iziqhingi (UZL NC 9) islands, isles, islets, atolls iziqhobosho / izipeletu / izifasi (UZL NC 9)/ amafosi (UZL NC 7) safety pins, shoelaces, cords iziqhumane (UZL NC 9) / amabhomu / amamizali / izisiezikhalisunyembezi explosives, bombs, missiles, teargas, incendiaries, explosive devices iziqhuthamadlebe / izihlwithamadlebe (UZL NC 9) bats iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9) / izilwi (UZL NC 9)/ abanochuku (UZL NC 8.1) adversaries, aggressors iziqhwala / izimfama / izishosha (UZL NC 9) the disabled, the physically challenged iziqwayi / izagila (UZL NC 9) knobkerries izisebenzi (UZL NC 9) / abasebenzi / abaqashwa / abaqashiwe/ abasebenzayo / abasizi (UZL NC 8.1) workers, employees, labourers, proletariat, working class izisefo / izicwengi (UZL NC 9), amavovo (UZL NC 7) sieves izisekelo (UZL NC 9) supporting pillars izisini (UZL NC 9) missing teeth izisombululo / izixazululo (UZL NC 9) solutions, answers, mediation, arbitrations, peace making efforts izisi (UZL NC 9) / intuthu (UZL NC 6) gas, teargas, smoke izisu (UZL NC 9) stomachs, tummies izishaqane / izamba (UZL NC 9) bulks, bulkiness, massiveness izishaywa / iziphiwo (UZL NC 9)/ abelungu (UZL NC 8.1)/ ama-alibhino (UZL NC 7) albinos ***izishaywa (UZL NC 9) disabled people, the punished people (derogatory name for people with disabilities) izishebo (UZL NC 9) meat and vegetables izishishi (UZL NC 9) immoral people izisheli / izesheli (UZL NC 9) dates
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izishiphi (UZL NC 9)/ imisuzo (UZL NC 10) stomach gases izisho (UZL NC 9) sayings, phrases, proverbs izishosha / izinkubela (UZL NC 9) disabled people izishovushovu / izigayigati (UZL NC 9) activists, enthusiasts, devotees izishumi (UZL NC 9) / okweshumi (UZL NC 4)/ umunikelo (UZL NC 1.2)/ amathayithi (UZL NC 7) tenth, monetary contribution to one’s church equivalent to 10% of one’s salary izishweshwe (UZL NC 9) German prints, traditional African attires iziswani (UZL NC 9)/ umushwabulo (UZL NC 1.2) / ukhonondo (UZL NC 3)/ amazwiayiziswani / amzwayiziswani (UZL NC 7) unsettling-remarks, protestation, objections, remonstrance, statements of dissatisfaction, grievances, cavil, quibble, grumble, moan, whine iziswebhu / izibhaxu / izimvubu (UZL NC 9) whips, sjamboks, izitabani / izinkonkoni (UZL NC 9)/ ongqingili / ondodamfazi (UZL NC 8.1) gays, lesbians, transgender people, transgenderists izitatamiswa / izicukuthwane / iziphakanyiswa (UZL NC 9)/ abantuabakhulu / abantwabakhulu / abahlonishwa (UZL NC 8.1) Very Important People (VIPs), Very, Very Important People (VVIPs), the elite, dignitaries, notables, luminaries, honourables, your-excellency, izithixo (UZL NC 9)/ onkulunkulubamanga (UZL NC 8.1) false- Gods, idols, false-deities, demons, devil, Satanism izitho / izithomuzimba / izithozomuzimba (UZL NC 9)/ umuzimba body-parts body-parts (2) izitho (UZL NC 9) imilenze (UZL NC 10) legs izitho-zomuzimba / izitho (UZL NC 9) body-parts
izithuthi / izinqola / izikhwelo / izinto-zokuhamba (UZL NC 9) transportation, public-transport izivalo caps, doors, stoppers izivikeli (UZL NC 9) protection izivikisi (UZL NC 9) prevention methods izivivinyo (UZL NC 9) assessments izivukuziso (UZL NC 9) props, propshafts, instruments for turning things ups such as garden folks izivunguvungu (UZL NC 9) heavy winds, hurricane, tornado iziwasho / izihlambezo (UZL NC 9) holy water, healing water iziwengu / iziwenguwengu (UZL NC 9) troubles, tough times (2) hurricane iziwidili (UZL NC 9) debris iziwolokohlo (UZL NC 9) abyss, precipice iziwombe (UZL NC 9) episodes izixhawu (UZL NC 9) bundles izixhobo (UZL NC 9) systems, interconnected mechanisms izixholosho (UZL NC 9) tall hheaps of bones izixhwanguxhwangu / izigcwelelegcwele / izilelezi (UZL NC 9) trouble makers, rascals, rogues, scoundrels, swindlers iziyalo (UZL NC 9) / imiyalo (UZL NC 10) advices iziyalelo (UZL NC 9)/ imiyalelo (UZL NC 10) messages, epistle, communication, instruction, directive iziyolisi (UZL NC 9) garnishings, finishing touches (2) iziyolisi / izinandisi (UZL NC 9) spices, flavouring, seasoning iziwula / iziphukuphuku / izilima (UZL NC 9) fools, stupids iziza (UZL NC 9) plots of land, stands, pieces of land, demarcated land, iziziba (UZL NC 9) deep still water izizinda (UZL NC 9) bases, headquarters, posts, centres, stations, camps, campsites, settlements izizukulwane / izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 9)/ uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ izizalwane (UZL NC 9)/ abegazi / abazalanayo (UZL NC 8.1) / umundeni (UZL NC 1.2 ) / indlunye (UZL NC 6)
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generations, descendants, lineage, family, blood relatives izizumbulu / izishaqane / izindimbane (UZL NC 9) / amasakangamasaka (UZL NC 7) bundles, packs, stacks, piles, bunches, rolls, clumps, parcel, packets, packages izizwe (UZL NC 9)/ imibuso (UZL NC 10) / imihlaba (UZL NC 10) /ubukhosi (UZL NC 8.2)/ amazwe (UZL NC 7) nations, nationalities, countries, states, lands, sovereign states, nation states, kingdoms, empires, republics, confederations, federations ozi… oziphu (UZL NC 8.1) zips ozibuse (UZL NC 8.1) the independents ozithwele / okhulelwe a pregnant person uzi… uzibuse / umazibuse / uzimele / uzimelegelekeqe (UZL NC 1.1) independence, self-government, selfrule, home rule, self-legislation, selfdetermination, sovereignty, autonomy, non-alignment, freedom, liberty, autarky.(2) ithembelomina (UZL NC 2)/ umaziphathe / uziphathe (UZL NC 1.1) = self-sufficiency, selfreliance, self-support, selfsustenance, self-standing (3) uzibuse / umina / uzingqotho (UZL NC 1.1) = individualism, unconventionality, unorthodoxy, boldness, unconstraint, lack of constraint/restraint, indiscipline, unruliness, contrariness uzifozonke (UZL NC 1.1) medicine for almost all symptoms or illnesses uzimele / uzibuse / uzimelegelekeqe (UZL NC 1.1) / indephundephu (UZL NC 6) independence (see uzibuse above) uzingi / uthayela / okokufulela (UZL NC 1.1) roofing, roof tiles, uzipho (UZL NC 3) nail
uziphu (UZL NC 1.1) zip, fastener zi… ziba / shalaza / bheka eceleni / shaya engathi awuboni (isenzo / verb) shy away, avoid, evade, be dodgy, flinch, demur, recoil, have misgivings, have qualms, be averse to, be chary of, be not in favour of, be against, be opposed to, be diffident about, be indifferent, be reluctant to, be unwilling to, zibonele (isenzo / verb) see for yourself zibuke / zigqolozele (isenzo / verb) reflect, do an introspection, conduct one’s self-analysis, soul search oneself, be self absorbed, look oneself in the mirror, confront one’s demons zibula (isenzo / verb) give birth for the first time zibusise / zijabulise / zithokozise (isenzo / verb) pamper one-self, spoil ownself, indulge, zibuse / ziphathe / zitshele / iba wukhanda limutshela okwakhe (isenzo / verb) govern oneself, be unapproachable, be selfish, be an individualist, be egocentric, egotistic, egotistical, be inconsiderate, disregard other people’s opinions or views zidele / zinikele / yehlisa umoya submit, concede, renounce, give up, surrender, renunciate, capitulate zifake impose oneself as in “mane uzifake ngoba ngeke bakungenise.” (“Just impose oneself because they won’t let you in.”) zifanise imitate oneself, copy oneself zifele be obsessive, be passionate (2) die alone) zika / cwila / gwiliza (isenzo / verb) submerge, drown, go under water, dive, sink, plunge, plummet, drop, go down zikhulekele pray for oneself
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zila / fasa ibhande (isenzo / verb) fast, go on without food, abstain from eating, eat the holy spirit (2) mourn, put on black clothes, grieve, be in mourning zilawule be independent, take selfcontrol zilela (isenzo / verb) grieve for zilisa (isenzo / verb) help / cause another to grieve zimbi / azinambitheki / azizwakali / zonakele (UZL NC 9) ugly, bad, distasteful (2) Zimbi. (UZL NC 9) They are bad (They = opening sound unit noun ‘izi…’ e.g izinto/ things, izintombi / ladies, izibankwa / lizards) zimbili (UZL NC 9) They are two (They = opening sound unit noun ‘izi…’ e.g izinto/ things, izintombi / ladies, izibankwa / lizards) zimazisa / lindisa / lekelela / duduza (isenzo / verb) support, comfort, console, solace, give sympathy, give moral support to someone during difficult times, keep the grieving family company during the grieving period before funeral, sustain during hour of need zimazisa / linda (isenzo / verb) wait, delay, postpone, put off, hold on, hold off, hold back, defer zimele (isenzo / verb) stand for yourself, be self-dependent, be self-sufficient, exercise self-reliance zimelela / ima-ngeqholo / qina (isenzo / verb) be unfazed, stand firm, be unwary, be determined, be resolute, be steadfast zimisele / sebenza-nzima / zikhandle (isenzo / verb) put effort, work extra hard, be focused, zimoshe / zibulale(isenzo / verb) be selfdestructive, cause harm to oneself zimuka / khuluphala (isenzo / verb) gain weight, be fat, be plump, grow stout, be chubby
zimula / hlomula / hlabana (isenzo / verb) be lucky, be fortunate, be blessed, be charmed, be in luck zine (UZL NC 9) four, 4. (2) Zine. / They are four. (They = UZL NC 9) zinikele (isenzo / verb) be dedicated, be committed, be devoted, be faithful Ziningi… (UZL NC 9) There are many UZL NC 9, plenty, multitude, (2) Ziningi. /They are many. (They = UZL NC 9) zinuke / zigxeke (isenzo / verb) smell oneself, make self-introspection, be self-critical zincenge (isenzo / verb) exercise calm zinda (isenzo / verb) stay put, establish oneself, stay behind, be firmly based, establish a base, establish an operating point zingela(isenzo / verb) hunt, stalk zithele (isenzo / verb) meet the one you least want to see, meet unexpectedly ziphindiselel pay revenge zithembise (isenzo / verb) promise oneself, make self-commitment zithibe / zikhuze / ziphathe kahle (isenzo / verb) exercise restraint, have selfcontrol, behave zithulele (isenzo / verb) keep quiet, zithobe (isenzo / verb) be humble zixolele / zithethelele (isenzo / verb) forgive oneself, accept, stop blaming oneself azo… azo (possessive pronoun: UZL NC 7 belong to UZL NC 9) of theirs azo… (UZL NC 7) will e.g. Amantombazane azohamba kusasa. / The girls will go tomorrow. Azo = UZLN 7 will and hamba = go ezo… ezo… (possessive: UZL NC 7 belong to UZL NC 9)UZL NC 9 belongs to an isiZulu noun with prefix vowel ‘u…’ in its basic form e.g. Lezi izingane ezomuntu. / These children belong to a person. (b) These children are of a person.
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ezomile UZL NC 9 the dry one e.g. izingubo ezomile / dry dresses ezonile UZL NC 9 who had commited wrong doing e.g. Izigebengu ezonile / The criminals who have committed wrong doing. Izo… izolo (isandiso / adverb) yesterday izonakali / izingcolane / izingcoli / izikhohlakali immoral people, unethical people izoni (UZL NC 9)/ aboni / abonayo (UZL NC 8.1) sinners, anti-Christ people izono (UZL NC 9)/ ukona (UZL NC 4) sins, wrong-doing izoso (UZL NC 9) braai meat, roast meat ozo… ozobho wall watches (2) iziqhaza big round earings ozo… ozothile (UZL NC 1.1) an unassuming person, a modest person, uzobho (UZL NC 1.1) a big mounted watch zodwa (UZL NC 9) only zona (UZL NC 9) they zone (isenzo / verb) inflict self-harm on oneself zonele (isenzo / verb) commit self subbotage, betray oneself, discredit oneself zonda / cashukela / nyanya / cunula (isenzo / verb) hate; loathe, detest, dislike greatly, abhor, abominate, despise, execrate, feel aversion towards, feel revulsion towards, feel hostile towards, be disgusted, dislike zondana (isenzo / verb) hate each other zondwa / casukelwa / nyanywa / cunulwa be hated, be disliked zonke (UZL NC 9) all zotha (isenzo / verb) humble oneself; be self –respecting; be unassuming, act in a dignified manner, have manners
zothisa (isenzo / verb) enable someone to be humble, teach someone to be modest, humble someone, humble yourself like … zodwa (UZL NC 9) only zona (UZL NC 9) they, them zonda /casukela / nyanya / cunula (isenzo / verb) hate; loathe, detest, dislike greatly, abhor, abominate, despise, execrate, feel aversion towards, feel revulsion towards, feel hostile towards, be disgusted, dislike zondwa (isenzo / verb) be hated, be disliked, be despised, be loathed zonke / zonkana (UZL NC 9) all, all of them, everything zotha (isenzo / verb) humble oneself; be self –respecting; be unassuming, act in a dignified manner; have manners azu… Azumekile (a = UZL NC 7 noun concord + verb) = UZL NC 7 are fast asleep e.g. Amantombazane azumekile. / The girls are fast asleep. Azunyiwe. (a = UZL NC 7 noun concord + verb) = UZL NC 7 have been caught off guard. E.g. Amadoda azunyiwe. / The men have been caught off guard. Ezu… ezulwini in / at/ from / to heaven izu… izulu / ipharadayisi (UZL NC 2) heaven, paradice (2) izulu / isimo-sezulu (UZL NC 2) weather ozu… ozukwa 5 cents uzu… uzucuzucu fun, excitement, thrill ukujikeleza (UZL NC 4) walk-about, encircling, procession, parade, cavalcade
357
uzungezo / ujikelezo / umuzungezo (UZL NC 3)/ umuzungelelo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukurawunda / ukukekekla / uzungu / uboshelo / ucusho (UZL NC 3) plot, conspiracy, treachery uzukwa 5 cents zu… zula / galavanta / vakasha / hambela (isenzo / verb) move about, visit, gallivant, gad, flit, jaunt, run, roam, wander, travel, range, rove, ramble, traipse, stray zulelwa (isenzo / verb) have something hanging over your life e.g. zulelwa amanqe = be in danger (2) zulelwa ikhanda = feel dizzy zulisa (isenzo / verb) take one on exploration; make one visit; cause to gallivant zuma (isenzo / verb) catch off guard zumisa (isenzo / verb) arrive unexpectedly, pitch up univited, turn up unannounced, arrive without notice zumeka (isenzo / verb) pass out; have a deep sleep; sleep flat; loose consciousness zumisa / fika kungazelelwe (isenzo / verb) come unannounced; appear uninvited; come unexpected zungeza (isenzo / verb) avoid, go around in circles; (2) take a long route zungezwa (isenzo / verb) be surrounded zuza / thola / klomelwa (isenzo / verb) gain, profit, obtain, get, acquire, come by, procure, secure, attain, achieve, earn, win, capture, clinch, zula(isenzo / verb) move about; visit; gallivant; gad, flit, jaunt, run, roam, wander, travel, range, rove, ramble, traipse, stray. zulisa (isenzo / verb) take one on exploration; make one visit; cause to gallivant zuma (isenzo / verb) catch off guard
zumeka (isenzo / verb) pass out, have a deep sleep, sleep flat, lose consciousness zumisa / fika kungazelelwe (isenzo / verb) come unannounced; appear uninvited; come unexpected zungeza / rawunda (isenzo / verb) go around in circles; (2)zungeza / thathela take a long route (3) zungeza / baleka / cashangesithupha / shona-lena-nalena avoid, be evasive zuza / thola / klomelwa (isenzo / verb) gain, profit, obtain, get, acquire, come by, procure, secure, attain, achieve, earn, win, capture, clinch,
…zw…
Izwa… izwa / lalela / zwana (isenzo / verb = singular) hear, listen, pay attention izwamoya(UZL NC 3) barometer izwani / izwanini / lalelani (isenzo / verb = plural) hear, listen, pay attention ozwa… oZwathini in / at / to / from Wartburg uzwa… uzwaca / ubumunyama-bhuqe (UZL NC 3) pitch blackness, dark, blackness, absence of light, gloom, gloominess, dimness, dullness, murk, murkiness, shadowiness, shadow, shade, shadiness, dusk, twilight, gloaming, uzwane (UZL NC 3) toe (izinzwane / toes =UZL NC 9)
uzwathi / umentshisi (UZL NC 3) firestick, thin stick for sparking fire, matches *** uzwathi cannot be pluralised. zwakala / iza (isenzo / verb) come, move (closer) (2) zwakala / khuluma uzwakale be heard, be audible, be perceptive
358
zwana / izwa / lalela (isenzo / verb) be in good relations, have cordial relations with, get along izwe… izwe (UZL NC 2) country, state, nation, sovereign state, kingdom, realm, territory izwekazi (UZL NC 3) continent ozwelayo / onenhliziyo encane (UZL NC 1.1) a very sensitive person= abazwelayo / sensitive people (UZL 8.1, plural)
uzwe… uzwekufa (UZL NC 3) ruin, ruination, disintegration, decay, disrepair, dilapidation, decrepitude, destruction, devastation, damage, demolition, wreckage uzwelo (UZL NC 3)/ umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubuntu (UZL NC 8.2)/ isihe (UZL NC 5)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2)/ ubunene (UZL NC 8.2) compassion, sensitivity, pity, sympathy, feeling, fellow feeling, empathy, understanding, care, concern, solicitude, solicitousness, tender-heartedness, softheartedness, warm-heartedness, warmth, love, tenderness, gentleness, mercy, mercifulness, leniency, lenience, tolerance, consideration, kindness, humanity, humaneness, kind-heartedness, charity, benevolence uzwelonke (UZL NC 1.1)/ izwelonke (UZL NC 2) the entire national population, the national community, all local states, all provincial and district states uzwenda (UZL NC 1.1)/ insimbikayigobi / intweqinile (UZL NC 6) tough natured-object, strong object zwe… zwela / hawukela / duduza / ibanenhliziyo (isenzo / verb) empathise, identify, be understanding, be in solidarity, be in tune, have a rapport,
feel togetherness, feel at one, commune, sympathize, be in sympathy; be on the same wavelength as, talk the same language as; understand, relate to, feel for, have insight into zwelisa / lalelisa (isenzo / verb)witness for, testify for, hear for zwelwa / duduzwa (isenzo / verb) be consoled, be pitied, be comforted izwi… izwi / igama(UZL NC 2) voice, testament; advice; verse, izwi / iphimbo (UZL NC 2) voice, opinion, view, perspective, point of view, pronouncement, approach, angle izwibela (UZL NC 2) splinter, sliver, shiver, chip, shard, needle, fragment, piece uzwi… uZwide, uZwide kaLanga (UZL NC 1.1) descendant of Zwide, the Ndwandwe uzwilakhe / uzwikaliphikiswa / undlovukayiphikiswa (UZL NC 1.1) dictator, autocrat, totalitarian leader zwi… zwi flat isib. Ulele zwi. (s/he is fast asleep) zwisa / lalelisa (isenzo / noun) hear for, listen for, help one to listen zwisa / nambitha / izwa-ngolimi (isenzo / noun) taste, sample, test, try, check, examine, savour, sip, sup, nibble (2) perceive, discern, make out, distinguish, differentiate. zwisisa / lalelisisa (isenzosiphawulo / verbadjective) listen carefully, pay attention to detail
359
Ikhasi
Ikhasimagama (index) leziqalo
aba… eba… iba… oba… uba… ba… abe… ebe… ibe… obe… ube… be… abi… ebi… ibi… obi… ubi… bi… abo… ebo… ibo… obo… ubo… bo… abu… ebu… ibu… obu… ubu… bu…
abha… ebha… ibha… obha… ubha… bha… abhe… ebhe… ibhe… obhe… ubhe… bhe… abhi… ebhi… ibhi… obhi… ubhi… bhi… abho… ebho… ibho… obho…
…b… - b… 1 - 25 25 25 - 27 27 - 28 29 29 - 33 33 - 36 36 36 37 37 37 - 39 39 39 - 40 40 - 41 41 41 41 - 44 44 - 45 45 45 45 45 45 - 48 48 48 - 49 49 - 50 50 50 - 66 66 - 72 …bh… - bh… 72 72 72 - 73 73 73 73 - 75 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 - 77 77 77 77 - 78 78 78 78 78
360
ubho… bho…. abhu… ebhu… ibhu… obhu… ubhu… bhu…
78 78 - 79 79 79
79 79 79 79 - …bl… - bl…
abla… - blu… abra… - bru aca… eca… ica… oca… uca…. ca… ace…. ece… ice… oce… uce…. ce… aci… eci… ici… oci… uci… ci… aco… eco… ico… oco… uco… co… acu… ecu… icu… ocu… ucu… cu… …ch… - ch… acha… echa… icha… ocha… ucha… cha… ache… eche… iche… oche… uche…
79 - 80 …br… - br… 80- 81 …c… - c… 81 81 81 81 81 81
82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
83 83 83 83 83-84 84 84 84 84 84 84 - - 84 84 84 84 - - - - -
che… achi… echi… ichi… ochi… uchi… chi… acho… echo… icho… ocho… ucho… cho… achu…. echu… ichu… ochu… uchu… chu… …chw… - …chw…. …chw… …cw… - cw… …cw… …d… - d… ada… eda… ida… oda… uda… da… ade… ede… ide… ode… ude…. de… adi… edi… idi… odi… udi… di… ado… edo… ido… odo… udo… do… adu… edu… idu… odu… udu… du… …dl… - dl… adla… edla… idla… odla… udla… dla…
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
85
86 86- 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 89
89 89 89 -90 90 90 90
361
adle… edle… idle… odle… udle… dle… adli… edli… idli… odli… udli… dli… adlo… edlo… idlo… odlo… udlo… dlo… adlu… edlu… idlu… odlu… udlu... dlu… adlwa… edlwa… idlwa… odlwa… udlwa…. dlwa… adlwe… edlwe… idlwe… odlwe… udlwe… dlwe… adlwi… edlwi… idlwi… odlwi… udlwi…. dlwi… adlwo… edlwo… idlwo… odlwo… udlwo... dlwo… adlwu… edlwu… idlwu… odlwu… udlwu… dlwu… adra… edra… idra… odra… udra… dra….
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
…dlw… - dlw… 90 90 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
…dr… - dr…
adre… edre… idre… odre… udre…. dre… adri…. edri… idri… odri… udri… dri… adro… edro… idro… odro… udro… dro… adru…. edru… idru… odru… udru... dru…
-
adwa… edwa… idwa… odwa… udwa… dwa… adwe… edwe… idwe… odwe… udwe… dwe… adwi… edwi… idwi… odwi… udwi… dwi… adwo… edwo… idwo… odwo… udwo… dwo…. adwu… edwu… idwu… odwu… udwu… dwu…
- - 91 - 91 91
afa… efa… ifa… ofa… ufa… fa… afe…
…dw… - dw… …f… - f…
- - - - - - - - 91 91 91 - - - 91 - - - - - - - - - - 91 91 - 91 91 - - - - 91 91 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91 91 91 91 91 92
362
efe… ife… ofe… ufe… fe… afi… efi… ifi… ofi… ufi… fi… afo… efo… ifo… ofo… ufo…. fo… afu… efu… ifu… ofu… ufu… fu… …fl… afla… efla… ifla… ofla… ufla… fla… afle… efle… ifle… ofle… ufle… fle… afli… efli… ifli… ofli… ufli… fli… aflo…. eflo… iflo… oflo… uflo… flo… aflu… eflu… iflu… oflu… uflu… flu…
afra… efra… ifra… ofra… ufra… fra…… afre…
92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 -94
94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 …fr… - fr… 94 94 94 94 94 94 94
efre… ifre… ofre… ufre… fre… afri… efri… ifri… ofri… ufri… fri… afro… efro… ifro… ofro… ufro… fro… afru… efru… ifru… ofru… ufru… fru… …g… - g… aga… ega… iga… oga… uga… ga… age... ege… ige… oge… uge… ge… agi… egi… igi… ogi… ugi… gi… ago… ego… igo… ogo… ugo… go… agu… egu… igu… ogu… ugu… gu… …gc… - gc… agca… egca… igca… ogca… ugca… gca… agce…
94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94
94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96
363
egce… igce… ogce… ugce… gce… agci… egci… igci… ogci… ugci… gci… agco… egco… igco… ogco… ugco…. gco… agcu… egcu… igcu… ogcu… ugcu…. gcu…
agcwa… egcwa… igcwa… ogcwa… ugcwa… gcwa… agcwe… egcwe… igcwe… ogcwe… ugcwe… gcwe… agcwi… egcwi… igcwi… ogcwi… ugcwi… gcwi…. agcwo…. egcwo… igcwo… ogcwo… ugcwo… gcwo… agcwu… egcwu… igcwu… ogcwu… ugcwu… gcwu…
agla… egla… igla… ogla… ugla… gla…
96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 …gcw… - gcw… 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 …gl… - gl…
96 96 96 96 96 96
agle… egle… igle… ogle… ugle… gle… agli… egli… igli… ogli… ugli… gli… aglo… eglo… iglo… oglo… uglo… glo… aglu… eglu… iglu… oglu… uglu… glu…
agqa… egqa… igqa… ogqa… ugqa… gqa… agqe…. egqe… igqe… ogqe… ugqe… gqe… agqi… egqi… igqi… ogqi… ugqi… gqi… agqo… egqo… igqo… ogqo… ugqo…. gqo… agqu… egqu… igqu… ogqu… ugqu… gqu…
…gqw..… …gra…
…gq… - gq… 97 97 97 97 97
96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 - - 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97
…gqw… - gqw…. 97 …gr… - gr…. 97
…gw… - gw… …gwa… 97
364
egwa… igwa… ogwa… ugwa… gwa… agwe… egwe… igwe… ogwe… ugwe… gwe… agwi… egwi… igwi… ogwi… ugwi… gwi…
…gx…
…gxw…
…gx… - gx… 98 …gxw… - gxw… 98
…h…
…h… - h… 98
…hh…
…hh… - hh… 98
ahla… ehla… ihla… ohla… uhla… hla… ahle… ehle… ihle… ohle… uhle… hle… ahli… ehli… ihli… ohli… uhli… hli… ahlo…. ehlo… ihlo… ohlo… uhlo… hlo… ahlu… ehlu… ihlu… ohlu… uhlu… hlu…
…hl… - hl… 99 99 99 99 99 99 -100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 - 102
…hlw…
97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 98
…hlw… - hlw… 102
hlwa… ahlwe… …hwa…
…hw… - hw… 102 - 103
aja… eja… ija… oja… uja… ja… aje…. eje… ije… oje… uje… je… aji… eji… iji… oji… uji… ji… ajo… ejo… ijo… ojo… ujo… jo… aju… eju… iju… oju… uju… ju…
…j… - j… 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 - 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104
ajwa… ejwa… ijwa… ojwa… ujwa… jwa… ajwe… ejwe… ijwe… ojwe… ujwe… jwe… ajwi… ejwi… ijwi… ojwi… ujwi… jwi… ajwo…. ejwo… ijwo… ojwo… ujwo…. jwo…
…jw… - jw… 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 - - - - - -
365
ajwu… ejwu… ijwu… ojwu… ujwu… jwu…
aka… eka… ika… oka… uka… ka… ake… eke… ike… oke… uke… ke… aki…. eki… iki… oki… uki…. ki… ako… eko… iko… oko… uko… ko… aku… eku… iku… oku… uku…. ku…
akha… ekha… ikha… okha… ukha… kha… akhe… ekhe… ikhe… okhe… ukhe… khe… akhi… ekhi… ikhi… okhi… ukhi… khi… akho… ekho… ikho… okho… ukho… kho…
- - - - - - …k… - k… 104 - 104 105 105 105 105 105 - 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 - - 106 - 107 - - 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 – 108 108 108 108 109 - 111 …kh… - kh… 111 111 111 - 112 112 112 112 - 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 - 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 - 115
akhu… ekhu… ikhu… okhu… ukhu… khu…
…khr…
…khw… …kl…
…klw…
115 115 115 115 115 115 - 116 …khr… - khr… 116 …khw… - khw… 116 …kl… - kl… …klw…
117 117
…kw… - kw… …kw… 117 - 118 …l… - l… ala… 118 ela… 118 ila… 118 ola… 118 ula… 118 la… 118 - 119 ale… 119 ele… 119 ile… 119 ole… 119 ule… 119 le… 119 ali… 119 eli… 119 ili… 119 oli… 119 uli… 120 li…. 120 alo… 120 elo… 120 ilo… 120 olo… 120 ulo… 120 - 121 lo…. 121 alu… 121 elu… 121 ilu… 121 olu… 121 ulu… 121 lu… 121 - 122 …lw… - lw… alwa… 122 elwa… 122 ilwa… 122 olwa… 122 ulwa… 122 lwa… 122 alwe…. 122 elwe… 122 ilwe… 122 olwe… 122
366
ulwe… lwe… alwi… elwi… ilwi… olwi… ulwi.. lwi… alwo… elwo… ilwo… olwo… ulwo… lwo… alwu… elwu… ilwu… olwu… ulwu… lwu…
122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 - - - - - - - - - - - -
…m… - m… ama… 122 - 129 ema… 129 - 130 ima… 130 oma… 130 uma… 130 - 131 ma… 131 ame…. 131 eme… 131 ime… 131 ome… 131 ume… 131 me… 131 - 132 ami… 132 emi… 132 imi…. 132 - 135 omi… 135 umi… 135 mi… 136 amo… 136 emo… 136 imo… 136 omo… 136 umo… mo… 136 amu… 136 emu… 136 imu… 136 omu… 136 umu… 137 - 141 mu… 141 …mb…. – mb… …mb… 141 - 142 …mf… - mf… …mf… 142 …mp… …mp…. 142 - 144 …mv… - mv… …mva… 144
ana… ena… ina… ona… una… na… ane… ene… ine… one… une… ne… ani… eni… ini… oni… uni… ni… ano… eno… ino… ono… uno… no… anu… enu… inu… onu… unu… nu… …nca…
…n… - n… 144 144 144 - 145 145 145 145 - 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 – 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147 - 148 148 148 148 148 148 148
…ncw… …nd… enda… inda… onda… unda… nda… ande… ende… inde… onde… unde… nde… andi… endi… indi… ondi… undi… ndi… ando… endo… indo… ondo… undo… ndo….
…nc… - nc… 148 …ncw… - ncw… 148
…nd… - nd… 148 149 - 150 150 150 - 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 151 - 152 152 152 152 - 153 153 153 153 - 154 154 154 154
154 154 154
367
andu… endu… indu… undu… …Ndl…
154 154 154 - 155 155 …ndl… - ndl… 155 - 156 …ndw… - ndw… …ndw… 156 …ng… - ng… anga… 157 enga… 157 inga… 157 - 158 onga… 158 unga… 158 nga… 158 - 159 ange… 159 enge… 159 inge… 159 onge… 159 unge… 159 nge… 159 angi… 159 engi… 159 ingi… 159 ongi… 160 ungi… 160 ngi… 160 ango… 160 - 161 engo… 161 ingo… 161 ongo… 161 ungo… 161 ngo… 161 angu… 161 engu… 161 ingu… 161 ongu… 161 ungu… 161 ngu… 161 …ngc… - ngc… …ngc… 161 - 162 …ngcw… - ngcw… …ngcw… 162 - 163 …ngq… - ngq… …ngq… 163 - 167 ungqu… ngqu… …ngqw… - ngqw… …ngqw… 167 …ngw… - ngw… …ngw… 167 …ngx… - ngx… …ngx… 167 - 168 …ngxw… - ngxw… …ngxw… - …nhl… - nhl… …nhl… 168 - 171 …nhlw… - nhlw… …nhlw… 171
…nj… - nj… …nj… 171 - 172 …njw… - njw… …njw… 172 …nk… - nk… …nk… 172 - 177 …nkl… - nkl… …nkl… …nklw… - nklw… …nklw… …nkw… - nkw… …nkw… 177 - 178 …nq… - nq… …nq…. 178 - 180 …nqw… - nqw… …nqw… 180 …ns…. – ns… …ns… 180 - 181 …nsw…. – nsw… …nsw… 182 …nt… - nt… …nt… 182 - 185 …ntsh… 185 …ntshw…. 185 …ntw… - ntw… …ntw…. 185 - 186 …nw… - nw… …nw… 186 …nx… - nx… …nx… 186 - 188 …nxw… -nxw… …ny… - ny… …ny… 188 - 192 …nyw… - nyw… …nyw… - …nz… - nz… …nz… 192 …nzw… - nzw… …nzw… 192 …p…. – p… …p… 192 - 194 …ph… - ph… ….ph… 194 - 204 …q… - q… aqa… - eqa… 204 iqa… 204
368
oqa… uqa… qa… aqe… eqe… iqe… oqe… uqe… qe… aqi… eqi… iqi… oqi… uqi… qi… aqo… eqo… iqo… oqo… uqo… qo… aqu… equ… iqu… oqu… uqu… qu…
aqha… eqha… iqha… oqha… uqha… qha… aqhe… eqhe… iqhe… oqhe… uqhe… qhe… aqhi… eqhi… iqhi… oqhi… uqhi… qhi… aqho… eqho… iqho… oqho… uqho… qho… aqhu… eqhu… iqhu… oqhu… uqhu… qhu…
…qhw… …qw…
204 204 - 205 205 - 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 206 – 207 207 207 207 207 207 - 208 208 208 208 208 - 209 209 209 209 - 210 210 210 210 - 211 …qh… - qh… - 211 211 211 211 211 - 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 - 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 - 215 …qhw… - qhw… 215 …qw… - qw… 216
…r…
…r… - r… 216 - 217
asa… esa… isa… osa… usa… sa… ase… ese… ise… ose… use… se… asi… esi… isi… osi… usi… si… aso… eso… iso… oso… uso… so… asu… esu… isu… osu… usu… su…
…s… - s… 217 217 - 219 219 - 223 223 224 224 - 225 225 225 225 - 226 226 226 226 - 227 227 228 228 - 255 255 - 256 256 256 - 257 257 257 - 258 258 258 258 - 259 259 – 260 - 260 260 - 261 261 261 261 - 263
asha… esha… isha… osha… usha… sha… ashe… eshe… ishe… oshe… ushe… she… ashi… eshi… ishi… oshi… ushi…. shi… asho… esho… isho… osho… usho… sho… ashu… eshu… ishu…
…sh… - sh… 263 263 263 263 263 263 - 265 - 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 266 266 - 268 - 268 268 268 268 268 - 269 - 269 269
369
oshu… ushu… shu…
- 269 269 - 270
…shw… …str…
…shw… - shw… 270 – 271
…sw…
…str… - str… 271 …sw… - sw… 271 – 272
ata… eta… ita… ota… uta… ta… ate… ete… ite… ote… ute… te… ati… eti… iti… oti… uti… ti… ato… eto… ito… oto… uto… to… atu… etu… itu… otu… utu… tu…
…t… - t… - 272 272 272 272 272 - - 273 - 273 273 - 274 - 274 274 - 274 274 - - 274 - 274 274 - - 274 - - 275
atha… etha… itha… otha… utha… tha… athe… ethe… ithe… othe… uthe… the… athi… ethi… ithi… othi… uthi… thi…
…th… -th… - 275 275 275 276 276 - 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 - 279 279 279 279 - 280 280 280 280
atho… etho… itho… otho… utho… tho… athu…. ethu… ithu… othu… uthu… thu…
…thr…
…thw…
280 280 280 - 280 280 - - 280 - 281 281 281 281 - 282 ….thr… 282 …thw… - thw… 282 - 283
…ts… - ts… …ts… 283 …tsh…. – tsh… …tsh…. 283 -285 …tshw… - tshw… …tshw… 285 …tw… - tw… …tw… 285 …v… - v… …v… eva… 285 - 295 iva… 285 - 286 ova… 286 uva… 286 va… 286 - 287 ave… 287 eve… 287 ive… 287 ove… 287 uve… 287 ve… 287 - 288 avi… 288 evi… 288 ivi… 288 ovi… 288 uvi… 288 vi… 288 - 289 avo… 289 evo… 289 ivo… 289 ovo… 289 uvo… 289 - 290 vo… 290 - 291 avu… 291 evu… 291 ivu… 291 ovu… 291 uvu… 291 - 292
370
vu…
…vr…
awa… ewa… iwa… owa… uwa… wa… awe… ewe… iwe… owe… uwe… we… awi… ewi… iwi… owi… uwi… wi… awo… ewo… iwo… owo… uwo… wo… awu… ewu… iwu… owu… uwu… wu…
292 – 295 …vr… - v… 295 …w… - w… 295 295 295 295 295 295 – 297 297 297 297 297 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298-299 299 - 299 - - 299
axa… exa… ixa… oxa… uxa… xa… axe… exe… ixe… oxe… uxe… xe… axi… exi… ixi… oxi… uxi… xi… axo… exo… ixo… oxo… uxo… xo… axu… exu… ixu… oxu…
…x… - x… - - 299 299 299 299 - - 299 - - 299 - 300 - - - - - - - - 300 - 300 301 - 302 - - 302 -
uxu… xu… axha… exha… ixha… oxha… uxha… xha… axhe… exhe… ixhe… oxhe… uxhe… xhe… axhi… exhi… ixhi… oxhi… uxhi… xhi… axho… exho… ixho… oxho… uxho… xho… axhu… exhu… ixhu… oxhu… uxhu… xhu… ..xhw…
- 302 …xh… - xh… - 302 302 302 302 - 303 303 - - 302 - - 303 - - 304 - 304 304 - - 304 - - 304 - - - - - 304 - 305 …xhw… - xhw… 305
…xw…
…y…
aza… eza… iza… oza… uza… za… aze… ize… oze… uze… ze… azi… ezi… izi… ozi… uzi… zi…
…xw… - xw… 305 …y… - y… 305 - 309 …z… - z… 309 - 310 310 - 312 312 - 316 316 - 318 318 - 319 319 - 322 322 - 323 eze… 323 323 – 325 - - 325 - 327 327 327 - 328 328 - 354 354 354 - 355 355 - 356
371
azo… ezo… izo… ozo… uzo… zo… azu… ezu… izu… ozu… uzu… zu…
356 356 356 356 356 356 - 357 357 357 357 357 357 357 - 358
azwa… ezwa… izwa… ozwa… uzwa… zwa… azwe… ezwe… izwe… ozwe… uzwe… zwe… azwi… ezwi… izwi… ozwi… uzwi… zwi…
…zw… - - 358 358 358 358 - 358 358 - 358 358 -359 - - 359 - - 359
372