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Kerala nadanam

Submitted by ANJALI KRISHNAN .S

Submitted to VIJISHA MA’AM

Kerala nadanam Kerala Nadanam is a classical dance form that has evolved from Kathakali and is comprised of nritha (absolute or pure dance) nrithya (dance with music and gesticulations) and natya (dramaturgy) and angika (body gestures), vaachika (verbal), aahaarya (costumes and make up) used saatvika (of temperaments and involuntary status) abhinaya (acting), in accordance with the thala mela (rhythm) order of the percussion instruments in Kerala. It was conceptually created and developed by Guru Gopinath who was an accomplished Kathakali artist in Kerala.

History During the old times, Kathakali was more confined to the four walls of temples and palaces in Kerala. Since this epic dancedrama was using Sanskrit as the medium and the excerpts from Hindu mythology, it was the monopoly of Brahmins and Maharajas who were sufficiently educated to enjoy its beauty. This made thelegendary dancer to think of evolving a dance form that could be enjoyed by people from different strata of society. In order to make such a dance form, Guru Gopinath brought some innovative changes in the Kathakali framework and chose day-today events as its themes. To be more precise this dance form combines various mudras and facial expressions of Kathakali with selected elements from Mohiniyattam and Koodiyattam dance forms. This new dance form was initially christened as Kathakali Natanam‘ or Oriental dance which was subsequently renamed as KeralaNadanam'.

Guru Gopinath

MUSIC The instruments used for the Kerala Natanam performance include the traditional ones like Maddalam. Chenda,Idakka and some other northen Indian instruments like Tabla, Harmonium, Sarangi . The most popular Carnatic music compositions were used to attract more audience.

COSTUMES AND CHARACTERS Kerala Nadanam could be enjoyed by ordinary public who had no formal training or knowledge in understanding the classical dance form to enjoy its beauty. To make this dance form more people-friendly,the costumes and characters were selected in such a manner that the characters in the theme could be easily identified by them. Moreover the language of rendition was made simple to help the people understand the story. The costumes and make up were according to the character, acting was more expressive and involved more body gestures along with facial expressions and emotions the songs were sang by themselves is common.

Some of the famous dances in KeralaNatanam are Mayoora nritham (peacock dance) Veda nritham (hunter dance) Manava jeevitham (life of man) Narasimhaavatharam (Narasimha incarnation) Raaso kreeda (Divine dance of Krishna with the Gopikas) Kanaka chilanka (golden anklets) Buddha charitam (story of Buddha) Navakeralam (new Kerala) Chandaala bhikshuki (untouchable beggar woman) Yesu vijayam (victory of Jesus) Sister Niveditha Divya naadam (divine tune) Gandhi sooktam(story of Gandhi)

MUDRAS The Mudras or hand gestures from the treatise, ‘ Hasta Lakshana Deepika ‘ and the Teerumanams and Kalasams, as used in Kathakali, were accepted almost in their entirety in Kerala Natanam. Hastha Lakshana Deepika is a text exploring the hand gestures used in dancing. Koodiyaatam, Kathakali and Kerala Natanam follow this as the manual of gestures or ‘mudras', which is believed to have been written in Kerala. Hastha Lakshana Deepika recognizes 24 basic hand gestures called ‘ chatur vimsathi mudras”and nearly 300 combined gestures. The gesture language using Hastha Lakshana Deepika is equivalent to speech.

Pathaaka

mudraakhyam

katakam

Mushti

Kartharee mulham

Hamsapaksham Sukathudm

Kapithakam

sikharam

Hamsaasyam

Anjaly

Ardhachandram

Mukuram Bhramaram

Soochimukham

pallavam

Thripathaka

Mrigasersham

sarpasirasses

Vardhamanakam

Araalam

Oornanabham

Mukulam

Katakamkham

Conclusion Kerala Nadanam is a new-generation classical dance form that evolved from Kathakali. This dance form is more appealing to the public at large due to its simple language and easily identifiable costumes. Moreover, the dance form is capable of using classical and popular Carnatic music compositions, and melodious folk music to win the hearts of the people. The themes of this dance form are derived from either Hindu mythology or day-to-day events that occur in the society. Hence, it has become a preferred dance item in various dance competitions conducted in Kerala.