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Mushroom Cultivation in Ethiopia.ppt Flipbook PDF
Mushroom Cultivation in Ethiopia: Status andEthiopia: Status and Opportunities Dawit Abate (Ph.D) Department of Biology
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Mushroom Cultivation in Ethiopia: Status and Opportunities pp Dawit Abate (Ph.D) Department of Biology, Biology Addis Ababa University, University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. National Mushroom Conference,, Mayy 15-16,, 2008 Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University
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B k Background d
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Mushrooms are higher fungi with visible fruit bodies Mushrooms are p predominantly y saprophytic Only a small proportion of edible mushrooms are commercially cultivated.
N t iti Nutritional l and dM Medicinal di i l V Values l
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High protein, vitamin, fiber content and devoid of cholesterol Flavour and aroma Immune enhancing, blood pressure lowering, p g antiviral and anti-tumor products Nutriceuticals
Why Mushroom Cultivation for Ethi i ? Ethiopia?
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Converting inedible plant biomass to nutritious food Requires little land and does not require light Production throughout the year Raw materials ((agricultural g and agroindustrial g waste) are available Short production period Manpower intensive High value international crop with growing global market
C lti ti T Cultivation Technology h l
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Selection of mushroom type Facility for quality spawn or supplier of spawn Evaluation of available raw materials Controlling environmental conditions Construction of appropriate growing houses Management of pests and diseases Processing and marketing
M h Mushroom C Cultivation lti ti P Project j t
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A 3-year project supported by Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency The main objectives - to evaluate substrates for mushroom growing - to select mushroom types for cultivation under local conditions - to recommend feasibility of mushroom cultivation in Ethiopia Ethiopia.
Substrates in Ethiopia for M h Mushroom C Cultivation lti ti
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Ligno-cellulose materials - Straws (grass, cereal) - Sawdust (hardwood) - Cotton/seed C tt / d waste t - Sugarcane Bagasse - Coffee seed waste - Corn cobs - cattle/horse dung - chicken manure - Brewers spent - wheat bran - Sorghum /maize stalk
S Spawn P Preparation ti
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Vegetative material of the mushroom grown i sterile in il moist i grain i A modest laboratory and d skilled kill d technicians needed Spawn production methodology for the cultivated mushrooms
Growing the Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) t t ) mushroom h
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Can utilize a wide variety of raw materials i l Has a wider range of t temperature t Convenient for Small scale production (low cost)
Growing the Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) t t ) Mushroom M h
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A good choice for the beginning mushroom grower Can be grown in a variety i t off containers t i
O t mushroom Oyster h (contd.) ( td )
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The first mushroom to be introduced to the market k in i Ethiopia E hi i A few growers are engaged d iin th the cultivation of the mushroom Dried mushroom acceptable
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) M h Mushroom
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Shiitake, the Japanese forest mushroom, is the oldest cultivated mushroom It is one of the most expensive of the cultivated mushrooms Besides the nutritional value, shiitake has medicinal values The log method of growing shiitake, the old Japanese p method, is still one of the methods of growing shiitake
G Growing i th the Shiit Shiitake k M Mushroom h
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The spawn is inoculated into holes and covered. After a few months, the mushroom starts to grow The production could continue to 4-6 years
Has been used in traditional medicine in Japan and China for a long time
Shiit k ((contd.) Shiitake td )
Shiitake Mushroom
Sawdust based substrate is the other method of growing Shiitake is also well known for its medicinal properties
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G Growing i th the Button B tt Mushroom M h
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Globally the most important mushroom, requires composted substrate The compost must be covered casing material after spawning. spawning compost made of tef straw, horse dung and chicken manure The mushroom is relatively more difficult for a small scale grower
S Spent t Compost C t The Spent compost, organic material after cultivation for conditioning the soil and increase organic matter for vegetables and tree seedlings Casing material after l leaching hi b by rain i water t Mushroom growing is environmentallyy friendlyy 16
Opportunities – Large Scale P d ti (I Production (Investment) t t)
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High production e.g 1000 kg/day i.e 365 tons/year T Temperature, t humidity h idit and d CO2 controlled t ll d growing rooms, thus continuous and constant production throughout p g the yyear Spawn production, composting, pasteurization and canning facility must be in place Higher quality of mushrooms produced High investment cost
L Large S Scale l ((contd.) td ) Production of 20-30 Kg/m2 growing surface area, about 100kg compost /m2 in 2 months About 10 g growing g rooms, 200 m2 each About 2-3 times actual growing surface area ((total area of shelves)) Optimal for button mushroom export market
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Opportunity 2 - Small Scale M h Mushroom G Growing i
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Is labour and management intensive Is not capital intensive Production dependent on weather conditions (about seasonal) and variable amount produced Oyster and shiitake mushrooms recommended Local market niche or larger scale grower for marketing S d Sun drying i optimal i l ffor preservation i
S Spawn P Production d ti and dS Supply l
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Spawn production requires trained specialized personnel A small private enterprise with the capacity to produce 50 bottles of grain spawn per day can supply l 5 smallll scale l mushroom h growers Spawn supply occupies a very central role for value chain development of mushrooms
Th Gl The Global b lM Mushroom h M Market k t
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The global commercial production of mushrooms in 2002 was 12 ??million tons per year worth about 45 Billion US$. Production has increased 10 fold during the last 25 years and the market is still on the increase China produces about 60% of world production About 80% is through small scale production
Sustainable Commercial Production off Mushrooms M h A
Model for sustainable mushroom cultivation in Ethiopia
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Research and training support is critically needed at all stages Establishment off spawn enterprises is key for the industry Small scale producers sell their products to large p g scale p producers Large scale producers, produce, buy process and export mushrooms
A National Mushroom Research and T i i C Training Center t –AP Proposall MAIN OBJECTIVES: • To organize and offer training courses on mushroom cultivation • To publish guide books and disseminate appropriate pp p technical information to stake holders • To provide overall technical support to small Scale mushroom growers in the country • To select appropriate varieties of cultivated mushrooms and make efforts to domesticate g wild edible mushrooms. indigenous 23
C Consortium ti off M Mushroom h R&D • •
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Foster research beneficial to the industry Work for establishment of National Research and Training Centre - Organize g training g courses and workshops p for technicians, extension workers and growers - Support establishment of private SPAWN ENTERPRISES - Publish appropriate guide books and simple manuals
St Strengthening th i the th industry i d t
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Ethiopian Mushroom Growers Association - An association of mushroom growers, processors and marketers of cultivated mushroom in Ethiopia - With the main aim of supporting the mushroom industry in Ethiopia