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This is Basic Grammar books for children The Topics covered are 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PARTS OF SPEECH 3.KINDS OF NOUNS 4. K
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Sir Academy English Grammar level 1
CHAPTER NO:-1 INTRODUCTION What is grammar? Grammar is defined as set of rules that tells about the structure and usage of the languages How many alphabets are there in English alphabet? 26 These 26 alphabets are divided into two classes according to their sound Vowel sound & consonant sound Vowel sound : They are said as a speech sound pronounced with an open mouth and tongue in the middle of mouth not touching the teeth and lips There are 5 vowels sound a,e,i,o, u Vowels can be spoken alone e.g. i, a, Maximum regular English words contain at least one vowel Consonant sound It is said as a speech sound that is made by using the tongue and mouth to control the flow of breathe from the mouth All the remaining 21 alphabets are consonants sound B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z Consonant cannot be spoken alone and they are always spoken with other words Eg B- bee , C- See D-Dee What do we make from these alphabets ? Words What is word? It is a combination of alphabetical sound having meaning L+e+t+t+e+r = letter If we combine words together what do we make? Sentence What is a sentence ? It is a group of words with complete sense I + write +a + letter.. 1 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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CHAPTER NO : 2 PARTS OF SPEECH Words are divided according to their positions and usages in a sentence. It is called parts of speech.There are 8 parts of speech Noun Verb Preposition Pronoun Adverb Interjection Adjective Conjunction
Noun Noun is the name of the person place animal thing event and idea E.g. Seema , Mumbai, Elephant , Chair, Birthday Party
Pronoun Pronoun is the word that is used instead of noun. E.g. Seema Studies in std X. She goes to DNV International School Note: She is pronoun as it is used instead of noun Seema.
Adjective Adjective qualifies or describes the noun E.g. Beautiful, clever, white
Verb The Verb Shows action EG. Eat , read, write, play, drink etc.
Adverb Adverb modifies a verb , adjective , and another adverb EG. He ran fast (fast modifies verb) He drank very hot tea (very modifies the adjective hot) He studied very smart (very modifies adverb smart)
Prepositions A preposition shows the positions of the noun or shows the relation of noun with something else E.g. The cow is on the hill
Interjections An interjections is a word or sound used to express sudden feelings of emotions EG. Hurray ! We won the match 2 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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CHAPTER NO: 3 NOUNS Noun Noun is the name of a person , place , animal , things , event , idea etc. Noun can be a Person
Person can be individual or Ramesh , Reena (individual) an abstract or group . Genius , visionary (abstract )
PLACE :
Place can be either a Dombivli , Mumbai etc. specific or a type of place (Specific) City , village , Dessert (Type)
Things :
Things that we can touch knife , computer and things that we cannot Website , movie touch Event can be specific or film fare awards , Halloween abstract party Swimming , skateboarding It refers to concept , Love , happiness emotion and feeling Chemistry , grammar It can be anything from dream to a subject that you study in school This can either be specific Kitten , dog (Specific) animal or the name of the Mammal /bird (Group) group
Event :
Idea
Animal
There are five kinds of noun 1. Common noun 3. Material noun 2. Proper noun 4. Collective noun
5. Abstract noun
Common noun When we study about the name of person , place , animal, thing, event and idea in general it is common noun. Many individual things come under them . They are used to name general things . we can also say that all nouns that are not specific names or titles are called as common nouns 3 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Examples Person
Boy . girl
Place
City , country ,
Animal
Dog , elephant
Thing
Tree, computer
Event
Party
Proper Noun : Proper nouns are particular names given to people , places , months , days of the week Proper noun starts with the capital letter Person Includes surname and title Seema , Mr. shah Place River , mountain, street Ganga, India, Asia. Earth name, town, country, continent , planet etc. Building School , house , cinema , Priyadarshini chs , Infinity mall etc. mall etc. Date Days of the week, months Monday , January , of the year, religious Christmas , Independence holidays , national festivals Day etc. Solve exercise no 5
Collective Nouns : The names of the person or things taken together are called collective nouns. The group of people, organization, place, animals etc. are called collective nouns. We can also say that collective noun is the word to represent a group of people, animals, and things E.g. Family (group of family members) Bunch of grapes (many grapes) Army (many soldiers) Nation (many citizens ) Committee (group of board members ) Solve exercise no 6 4 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Material Noun The names of material are called as material noun. Material nouns are not countable. Material denotes substances instead of denoting people or places i.e. Sources of raw material The main sources of raw material like Nature Water , air , wheat, rice etc. Animals Leather, honey, egg, milk etc. Plants Food, oil, etc. Manmade materials Butter, ghee , Solve exercise no 7 Abstract Noun An abstract noun is the name of the quality, action or state. Abstract noun refers to ideas that we cannot see or touch for e.g. Quality Goodness , kindness, beauty etc. Action Laughter , theft etc. State Childhood, sleep. Sickness The names of arts and sciences Grammar , physics etc. Solve exercise no 8 Concrete Noun Concrete noun can be any kind of noun except abstract noun. It is the name object which may be perceived by one or more of the five sense (smell, sight, hear, touch, taste) E.g. flower – (smell, touch, sight), milk (taste, touch, sight) Solve Exercise no 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Let’s revise the kinds of sentences Noun is the name of the person, animal, thing, idea and event. There are 5 kinds of noun Proper nouns are particular name. Common nouns are names in general. Collective nouns are names taken together. Material is the names of substances. Abstract nouns are the name of quality, action or state. Concrete noun are names of the object which can be perceived by 5 senses. Solve exercise no 10 5 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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CHAPTER NO 4 PRONOUN Pronouns are the words that are used instead of noun. They do the work of noun. The kinds of pronoun are
Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronoun Indefinite pronoun
Possessive pronoun Reciprocal pronoun Relative pronoun Reflexive pronoun
Personal Pronoun Personal pronoun is associated with a person so we have to consider the following at the time of personal pronoun 1. First person as “I” 2. Second person as “you” 3. Third person as “He, she it” I killed you and he saw me (with action) Personal pronoun may take on various forms depending on the person, number and gender Even note whether it is object, animals or people The person – who is speaking The number – whether it is plural or singular Gender – masculine, feminine, neuter Examples of Personal Pronouns 1. You stop lying to me. 2. We would love for you to join us. 3. Come look at my Dog! He has climbed to the top of that tree Personal Pronouns as Subject Pronouns When a personal pronoun takes the place of a noun as the subject of a sentence, it is both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun. I, you, he, she, it, we, they Personal Pronouns as Object Pronouns When a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a verb, or when it is used as the object of a preposition, it is called an object pronoun. Me, you, him, her, it, us, them
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Singular Pronoun Subject pronoun
Object pronoun
1st person
I
2nd person 3rd person
Plural Pronoun Object pronoun
Me
Subject pronoun We
You
You
You
You
He She It
Him Her It
They
Them
Us
Solve exercise no 11
Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural. When used to represent a thing or things, demonstrative pronouns can be either near or far in distance or time:
Near in time or distance: this (singular), these (plural) Far in time or distance: that (singular, those (plural) Demonstrative pronoun does the work of noun whether they are named specifically or not E.g. I don‟t believe this (this is an object which we do not know)
1. 2. 3. 4.
EG. This was my mother‟s book. That is my car These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable. Those look like riper than the apples on my tree. Solve exercise no 12
Interrogative Pronouns An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking questions easy. The main interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, 7 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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o o
o
o o
o o
What – Used to ask questions about people or objects. E.g. What do you want for dinner? What is your friend‟s name? Which – Used to ask questions about people or objects. EG. Which of these ladies is your mother? Which is your book? Who – Used to ask questions about people. E.g. Who is that old man? Who was driving the bicycle? Whom – This interrogative pronoun is rarely seen these days, but when it shows up, it is used to ask questions about people. EG. Whom did you speak to? Whom do you prefer to vote for? In some cases, interrogative pronouns take on the suffix –ever. A few can also take on the old-fashioned suffix –so ever, which is rarely seen in writing these days. For example: Whatever Whoever Whomsoever Whatsoever Whosoever Whosever Whichever Whomever Solve exercise no 13
Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object, being, or place to which they refer.
Indefinite pronouns include words such as any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, and some, every, all, both, and each, any, some, several, enough, many, and much Indefinite pronouns are never plural. They are always singular. . E.g. Many are called, but few are chosen. 8 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Somebody ate my sandwich! Everyone says she is beautiful inside and out. Solve exercise no 14
Possessive Pronoun Possessive pronouns show possession. Like its name suggests, a possessive pronoun indicates ownership. Possessive pronouns do not contain apostrophes. These useful pronouns make sentences less confusing, as you‟ll see when you read the following sentences containing examples of possessive pronouns.
1. 2. 3. 4.
EG. This is my cat, not your cat. (Sounds repetitive) This cat is mine, not yours. I didn‟t have my book so Jenny lent me her book. (Sounds repetitive) I didn‟t have mine so Jenny lent me hers Solve exercise no 15
Reciprocal Pronoun A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which is used to indicate that two or more people are carrying out or have carried out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits or consequences of that action simultaneously. There are only two reciprocal pronouns. Each other One another When you want to refer to two people, you will normally use “each other.” When referring to more than two people, for example the students in a lecture hall, you will normally use “one another.” EG. 1. Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day. 2. The kids spent the afternoon kicking the ball to one another. 3. The defendants blamed one another for the crime they were charged with. Solve exercise no 16
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Relative Pronoun There are only a few relative pronouns in the English language. The relative shows the relation between two clauses EG. 1. The cyclist who won the race trained hard. 2. The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained. 3. The four team leaders, whoever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow‟s meeting. Solve exercise no 17
Reflexive Pronouns A reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is realizing the action of the verb is also the recipient of the action. In reflexive pronoun use self or selves after the personal pronoun E.g. 1. I was in a hurry, so I washed the car myself. 2. You‟re going to have to drive yourself to school today. 3. He wanted to impress her, so he baked a cake himself. Solve exercise 18
Remember Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun Indefinite pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun Reciprocal pronoun Relative pronoun Possessive Pronoun
I , you, he , she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them This , that , these, those what, which, who, whom any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, and some, every, all, both, and each, any, some, several, enough, many, and much Myself , yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves Each other , one another Who, that, whoever, whom, which Mine , yours, hers, ours, theirs,
Solve exercise 19
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CHAPTER NO 5 KINDS OF ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVE Adjective describes noun or says something more about the noun Kinds of adjectives are Adjective Of Quality Adjective Of Quantity Adjective Of Number or Numerical Adjectives Demonstrative Adjective Interrogative Adjective Possessive Adjective Emphasizing Adjective Exclamatory Adjective
Adjective of Quality The adjectives that are used to describe the nature of a subject or a noun or showing the kind or quality of nouns or pronouns are called Adjective of Quality E.g. Indian Flag . Crowded city , Brave boy Exercise no 20
Adjectives of Quantity The adjectives that are used to show the quantity of nouns or pronouns is called as Adjective of Quantity It does not provide facts and figures about exact number. It tells only the amount of noun in relative or whole terms. E.g. Enough water , All this luggage Adjectives of Number or Numerical Adjectives Adjectives that are used to show the exact number of persons, or things denoted by noun or pronoun are called Adjective of Numbers or Numerical Adjectives Types of numerical adjectives 1. Definite 2. Indefinite 3. Distributive Numerical Adjectives 11 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Definite Adjectives Denotes Exact number of nouns or their exact positions E.g. Ten pens , three Mangoes Indefinite Adjectives Indicate approximate amount instead of exact numbers E.g. Several Students Few Children
Distributive Numerical Adjectives Refers to individual noun with the whole amount E.g. Neither method is wrong Either pen will do Note Indefinite numerals adjectives can also be used as adjectives of quantity. When they are used as adjectives of quantity . When they are used as adjectives of quantity they are followed by singular uncountable nouns E.g. I have bought some pencils (adjective of number ) I have bought some oil.( adjectives of quantity ) Exercise no 21
Demonstrative Adjectives The adjectives that are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people , animals, or things. This, that, these, those are Demonstrative Adjectives E.g. This book is mine That boy is very intelligent Exercise no 22
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Interrogative Adjectives The adjectives that are used with noun to ask question are called interrogative adjectives What , Which, Whose are used E.g. Whose car is that ? Which options sounds best to you? Exercise no 23
Possessive Adjectives The adjectives that are used to indicate possession is called “ Possessive adjective” They are Your, My, His, its , her, out, their E.g. This is my car They are our friends Exercise no 24
Emphasizing Adjectives The adjectives that are used to lay stress on the preceding noun are called as “Emphasizing Adjectives” The words “Own” and “Very” E.g. This is my own car. This is the very book I want Exercise no 25
Exclamatory Adjectives The adjectives that are used to indicate strong emotions regarding the preceding nouns are called as the exclamatory adjectives The word “What” is used for this purpose E.g. What a blessing ! What an idea ! 13 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Exercise no 26
CHAPTER NO 6 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOME ADJECTIVE AND PRONOUN POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE AND POSSESIVE PRONOUN POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE
POSSESIVE PRONOUN
Possessive adjectives are used to describe the noun Note noun comes after the possessive word The dog buried its bone. My book is on the table.
Possessive pronoun is used to replace noun
The phone that is ringing is yours. The house on the corner is ours.
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE Demonstrative Adjectives describes the noun He lives in that village. Can I borrow this pen for a moment?
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN Demonstrative pronoun acts like a noun This is my mother That is my house over there
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE AND INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN Interrogative Adjective It describes the noun What book are you reading? Which book are you reading? Whose book are you reading?
Demonstrative Pronoun It does the work of pronoun Who gave this to you? Whom shall we nominate? Which is the greater?
Remember : Noun comes after the adjective Exercise 27
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CHAPTER NO :-7 ACTION VERBS AND LINKING VERBS Action Verb An action verb is a verb that describes an action. Action verbs express physical or mental action. Words like run, jump, kick, eat, break, cry, smile, or think. Are action words you can see the person doing the same . It describes what a noun do/does/did EG. He is kicking the ball (action verb is kicking) The wind blows constantly in Manali (The action Verb is blow) He accepted my apology A linking verb is a verb that links (connects) the subject of the sentence to information about that subject or it connects a subject with noun or adjective. It is a state of being Linking verbs do not describe action. They are state of being
The following three verbs are ALWAYS linking verbs: to be (is, am, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been, is being, are being, was being, will have been, etc.) to become (become, becomes, became, has become, have become, had become, will become, will have become, etc.) to seem (seemed, seeming, seems, has seemed, have seemed, had seemed, is seeming, are seeming, was seeming, were seeming, will seem) EG. The ball is red („is ‟a linking verb that connects the subject ball) The children „are’ smart („are‟ is a linking verb) The cat seems fine. (Seems links the subject cat)
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Some of the Verbs can be both ACTION and LINKING verbs How do we come to know when they are linking verbs or action verbs? If you can substitute am, is, are and the sentence still sounds logical than it is linking verbs. E.g. He tasted the food. (instead of tasted can we use is “ He is the food” Answer is no so here tasted is action verbs The food tasted good ( instead of tasted use is “ the food is goods ) sounds logical so it is linking verb Let us take another example The dog smelled bad. (the dog is bad ) here the verb smelled is linking Verb The dog smelled the man's boots. (the dog is man‟s boots) here smelled is Action verb Let‟s Revise
Verbs shows action and state of being The verb which expresses action is called as action verb Action verb does something The verb which connects the subject with the state of being is linking verb The permanent linking verbs are -to be verbs , to become , to seem. Remember some words can be linking or actions to find them out just use verb „is‟ instead of the main verb and check whether it sounds logical if yes it is linking if no it is action verb Some of the common linking verbs are appear, grow, smell, look , sound, taste etc. Exercise no 28
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CHAPTER NO :-8 TRANSITIVE VERBS AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS Read the sentences 1. Heat expands the metal. Heat is the subject Expands in the verb Metal is the object So the verb heat is directly followed by object metal When the verb is directly followed by object it is transitive verb Read the sentence Metal expands on heating Metal is subject Expands is verb On heating is not object The verb expand is followed by preposition „on‟ not following the direct object so here the verb expand is intransitive verb
Transitive verbs A verb which is followed by direct object is called transitive verb. A transitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable ( something that is possible) activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc. Second, it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb. EG. 1. The boy kicked the ball ( The verb kicked is directly followed by the object ball) 2. Alice Wrote a poem ( The Verb Wrote is directly followed by the object Poem)
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Intransitive verbs A verb which is not followed by direct object is called intransitive verbs. An intransitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action. E.g. 1. We arrive at the classroom door (The verb arrive is followed by preposition at and not direct object) 2. The cat lies in the shade (The verb lies is followed preposition and not direct object) Let’s revise Transitive verbs Followed by direct object it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat, clean, etc.
Intransitive verbs Does not follow by direct object it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc.
it must have a direct object, something or someone who receives the action of the verb.
it will not have a direct object receiving the action.
Exercise no 29
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CHAPTER NO 9 VERBS TENSES
Read this dialogue Amar , Akbar and Anthony friends met after a long time and they had a following conversation Amar: Hello All, We are meeting after long time , lets plan to go for a movie Akbar : yes, Nice idea lets plan. Anthony : When do you have holiday ?so that we can plan accordingly Amar : “ I have holiday Today” Akbar :” I Had a holiday Yesterday “ Anthony :” I will be having holiday Tomorrow “ Dear children when will they go for a movie ? Their holidays are on different Days i.e. Today , Yesterday , and Tomorrow Today , Yesterday and tomorrow represents what ? Yes Time Today – present times Yesterday – past time Tomorrow – future time So it was not possible to go for movie finally they decided they will take a leave and go for a movie
Present , Past , Future are the different Tenses Today we will learn about Tenses There are three kinds of tenses
1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Present tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense are These three tenses have four forms Simple Continuous /progressive Tense Perfect Tense Perfect continuous Tense
Let‟s study all
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Formula : v1 (Base from of the Verb) When do we use simple present tenses To express general truth E.g. 1. The earth is round 2. Winter follows summer To express habitual action or something that happens repeatedly E.g. 1. We go to school every morning 2. I travel by train everyday Indicate an action in progress when a sentence begins with here and there 1. Here comes my friend 2. There stands the tree that my grandmother planted long ago Express the perception by five senses( feel, hear, see, smell, taste) E.g. 1. I sense danger. 2. I feel better Express a planned future action 1. Our school reopens on the first Monday of June. 2. The IPL begins next week. Exercise no 30
PRESENT CONTINUOUS /PROGRESSIVE TENSE Formula : is/am/are + verb + ing Things happening now The present progressive or continuous tense is used to describe is an action that is happening at the time of speaking and is not yet complete E.g. 1. She is singing (now) 2. The boys are playing cricket
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Temporary events For longer actions that may be taking place for a temporary period only, you can use the present continuous tense to describe them. It can be used for any temporary situation, no matter how long or short it is. E.g. He is reading Harry potter ( He won‟t be reading life time) A new pattern or habit A really interesting way of using the present continuous tense is to describe events or actions that are new and different from events in the past. In this case, the tense can be used to highlight the contrast between the old and new. E.g. Nowadays people are writing emails instead of letters When not to use! It‟s important to bear in mind that you cannot use the present continuous for all events taking place in the present. You do not use it to describe events that happen normally, or for a long time: E.g.: “I play the piano every morning” is correct “I am playing the piano every morning” is not correct, unless it was a new habit you had just started. Exercise 31
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Formula : Has /have + past participle Has- 3rd person singular Have – all other forms How to change to Past participle : Regular verbs – infinitive +ed Irregular Verbs – 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.
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Use of present perfect tense
Result of an action in past is important in the present. (it is not important when this action happened . E.g. I have cleaned my room (it is clean now) Recently completed action E.g. He has just played handball (it is over now) State of beginning in the past and is still continuing – mostly with since (point of time ) or for (period of time ) E.g. We have lived in Canada since 1986 Together with lately E.g. I have been Chennai recently He has not written the mail yet
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Formula : Has /Have + been + verb + ing Use Action beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action)-mostly with since(point of time) or for (period of time) E.g. I have been waiting for you since morning Recently completed action E.g. She has been watching too many videos(it was too much time) SIMPLE PAST TENSE Formula – with regular verbs : infinitive +ed With irregular verbs ( table of irregular verbs given in the end of the sentence) 22 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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USE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE Formula : Past Tense of the Verb
The action that has already happened E.g. He ate an apple
The habitual action in the past. E.g. I got pocket many when I was small.
3. Together with the Past Progressive/Continuous – the Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past. They were playing cards when the telephone rang. 1st action → Past Progressive → were playing 2nd action → Simple Past → rang
Past continuous tense Formula : was /were + verb+ing Use of past continuous Tense Actions were in progress at special time in the past EG. Peter was reading a book yesterday evening. Two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each other) Eg Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times. Together with the Simple Past EG. While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang. Note:
Past Progressive → were sitting at the table
Simple Past → the telephone rang. 23 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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The action in Simple Past interrupted the action in Past Progressive. Repeated actions irritating the speaker (with always, constantly, forever) Andrew was always coming late. (I don't like that.) Simple Past → Andrew always came late. (Here I don't give a comment.)
Past perfect tense Together with the Simple Past When two past actions are combined – the first action, which was completed before the second one began, is put into Past Perfect. Mary had read the book before she watched a film. After Amy had gone home it started to rain. The past equivalent of the Present Perfect He had played hockey.
The past perfect continuous Tense The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root + -ing). The past perfect continuous something that began in the past, continued in the past, and also ended at a defined point in the past. E.g. He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the kitchen. I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion. When, for, since, and before are words that you may see used alongside the past perfect continuous tense. E.g. Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
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SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet. This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she‟s determined to do it.
FUTURE CONTINOUS Formula = will + be + the present participle (the root verb + -ing). The simple future tense used when an action is expected to occur in the future and be completed. EG. I will arrive at five o‟clock.
Future perfect tense Formula :- will + have +pp Use of future perfect tense Sometimes, you can use the future perfect tense and the simple future tense interchangeably. In these two sentences, there is no real difference in meaning because the word before makes the sequence of events clear: E.g. Linda will leave before you get there. Linda will have left before you get there. But without prepositions such as before or by the time that make the sequence of events clear, you need to use the future perfect to show what happened first. E.g. At eight o‟clock Linda will leave. (This means that Linda will wait until 8 o’clock to leave.)
Future perfect continuous tense When we describe an action in the future perfect continuous tense, we are projecting ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that activity. The activity will have begun sometime in the past, present, or in the future, and is expected to continue in the future. In November, I will have been working at my company for three years. 25 SIR ACADEMY ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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Let‟s Revise There are three kinds of tense Present Tense , Past Tenses , future Tense and these three tenses have four form simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous Present : - Base from of the verb Continuous – to be + ing Perfect – To have + pp Perfect continuous – To have + been + verb + ing
Present
Past
SIMPLE BASE FORM OF THE VERB
CONTINOUS Am/is/are + verb+ing
PERFECT Has /have + pp
PERFECT CONTINOUS Has/have+been+pp
I eat an apple
I am eating an apple
I have eaten an apple
I have been eating an apple
Had+ pp
Had + been+verb+ ing
Past tense of the Was/were + verb verb+ing
Future
I ate an apple
I was eating an I had eaten an apple apple
I had been eating an apple
Will + base form
Will + be+verb+ ing
Will + have+been+ verb+ing
I will eat an apple
I will be eating I will have eaten an apple an apple
Will + have +pp
I will have been eating an apple
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