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My Spanish PDF Flipbook PDF
My Spanish PDF
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General life
Sentences
How have you been? Things are going great. What time is it? Currently it's 7 in the evening. What do you do for a living these days? Currently I'm attending university. Do you have an occupation? Yes, I work for a small firm. It's been great catching up with you. It's been a while. 1
General life
¿Cómo has estado? Las cosas van muy bien. ¿Qué hora es? Actualmente son las siete de la tarde. ¿A qué se dedice estos días? Actualmente estoy asistiendo a la universidad. ¿Tienes trabajo? Sí, trabajo para una pequeña empresa. Ha sido genial ponerse al día contigo. Ha sido un tiempo.
Words
working hours education social life to meet up with friends full-time/part-time job salary elementary school high school college to finish (school, homework) to study free time hobbys to hang out with homework happy stressed busy (of work) lately to work hard exhausting private life quality time usually sometimes
las horas de trabajo la educación la vida social encontrar a los amigos el trabajo a tiempo completo/parcial el salario la escuela primaria la escuela secundaria el colegio terminar estudiar el tiempo libre la afición pasar el tiempo con los deberes feliz estresado ocupado últimamente trabajar duro agotador la vida privada el tiempo calido normalmente A veces 1
often always never rarely every now and then to enjoy to stay at home wife husband girlfriend boyfriend single in a relationship 1
General life
a menudo siempre nunca raras veces De vez en cuando disfrutar quedarse en casa la esposa el esposo la novia el novio soltero en una relación Go further further
How things are going I can't complain. Could be worse. All's well!. More or less okay. Not so well. Living the good life. 1
General life
No me puedo quejar. Podría ser peor. Todo está bien. Más o menos, bien. No tan bien. Vivando la buena vida.
Grammar note
El gerundio Present participles in Spanish are verb forms used to express continuous or ongoing actions. Spanish present participles end in -ndo, which is the equivalent of the English ending -ing. Verb Type Infinitive Example Stem Example Gerundio Example -ar verb hablar hablhablando -er verb tener tenteniendo -ir verb vivir vivviviendo Note 1) If the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel, -iendo becomes -yendo.
Verb Type Infinitive Example Stem Example Gerundio Example -er verb atraer atraatrayendo -ir verb influir influinfluyendo
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2) Ir (to go) is an irregular verb, and does not follow the pattern above. For pronunciation reasons, the gerundio of ir is yendo. 3) If the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in -ll or -ñ, -iendo becomes -endo. Verb Type Infinitive Example Stem Example Gerundio Example -er verb tañer tañtañendo -ir verb bullir bullbullendo 4) There are also some verbs that need a stem change before adding the gerundio ending to maintain pronunciation: Any -ir verb that has a stem change in the third person preterite (e > i, or o>u) will have the same stem change in the gerundio. The -er verb poder also maintains its preterite stem change in the gerundio. Gerundio stem changes Stem Infinitive Change Example e>i advertir o>u morir
Third Person Preterite Form advirtió murió
Gerundio Example advirtiendo muriendo
Source https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/present-participles-in-spanish
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In a restaurant
Sentences
We have a reservation for five at eight. I'd like a glass of wine please. Could you tell me where I can find the bathroom? Does it come with anything? What do you recommend? Does it contain meat? I'm sorry, this soup tastes a bit odd. Sounds delicious! I'll take it. Could we see the desserts please? Can we have the cheque please? May I pay with a credit card?
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In a restaurant
restaurant 5 stars waiter chef table chair to order to wait to look (at) location dinner lunch breakfast address cutlery fork knive spoon napkin table manners to have dinner
Tenemos una reserva para cinco a las ocho. Me gustaría una copa de vino por favor. ¿Podría decirme dónde puedo encontrar el baño? ¿Viene con algo? ¿Qué recomienda? ¿Contiene carne? Lo siento, esta sopa sabe un poco extraño. ¡Suena delicioso! Me lo llevo. ¿Podríamos ver los postres por favor? ¿Podemos tener el cheque por favor? ¿Puedo pagar con una tarjeta de crédito?
Words
el restaurante cinco estrellas f el camarero el cocinero la mesa la silla pedir esperar ver el lugar la cena el almuerzo el desayuno la dirección los cubiertos el tenedor el cuchillo la cuchara la servilleta las modales en la mesa cenar 4
to take a seat to be full to be hungry/thirsty plate glass to make sure bottle still/sparkling water starters main dish meal menu cold hot side dish sauce spicy sour sweet salty salt and pepper vinegar sugar to taste to sip, to take a sip sausage vegetables beer cocktail butter cheese rice potato fries too (of quantity) somewhat slightly pretty adv. to go home tip
tomar asiento estar lleno tener hambre/sed el plato el vaso asegurarse la botella la agua estancada/mineral el aperitivo el plato principal la comida el menú frío caliente la guarnición la salsa picante agrio dulce salado sal y pimienta el vinagre el/la azúcar gustar sorber, tomar un sorbo el embutido las verduras la cerveza el cóctel la mantequilla la quesa el arroz la papa las patatas fritas demasiado algo ligeramente más bien volver a casa la propina 5
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In a restaurant
Go further
When describing a taste a very rich flavor to be an acquired taste to dislike its sharp flavor to melt on the tongue to taste exactly the same
un muy intenso sabor ser un gusto adquirido no gustarse su sabor fuerte deshacerse en la boca saber exactemente igual
Choosing much preferred strongly recommended undesireable
preferible altamente recomendable indeseable
Food for thought beef cake cinnamon cod dressing egg ham herbs ice cream lamb lettuce lobster mussels olive onion pepper pickle pork salmon sole steak strawberry tomatoes whipped cream bun tuna
la carne de res el pastel la canela el bacalao el aderezo el huevo el jamón las hierbas el helado el cordero la lechuga la langosta los mejillones la oliva la cebolla el pimentón el escabeche la porcina el salmón el lenguado el bistec la fresa el tomate la crema batida el panecillo el atún 6
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In a restaurant
Grammar note
The describing adjective So far, we know that an adjective in Spanish has plenty of ways to conjugate, meaning to adapt to the same gender and number as that of the noun it describes. To summarize: Describing adjective endings Masculine
Singular
Plural
-o -e -ista -z -or -ón -ín
-os -es -istas -ces -ores -ones -ines
Feminine Singular -a -e -ista -z -ora -ona -ina
Plural -as -es -istas -ces -oras -onas -inas
Ordinarily, the Spanish adjectives come after the nouns they describe. However, there are numerous exceptions. 1) Possessive (e.g. mi, tu, su) and demonstrative (e.g. ese, este, aquel) adjectives come before the noun. 2) Limiting adjectives that define a number or amount of a noun, even if it is not specific, come before the noun. Tengo menos dinero que mi hermana. I have less money than my sister. Tienes suficiente tiempo. You have sufficient time. Below are some common limiting adjectives that follow this rule. Spanish English alguno some bastante enough cuanto as much demasiado too much mucho ninguno poco suficiente varios
a lot no, none a little sufficient, enough various, some, a few 7
3) Descriptive adjectives that emphasize an essential quality of a noun often come before the noun. Check out these examples. El valiente león protege su territorio. The brave lion protects his territory. Las verdes hojas del árbol cantan en el viento. The green leaves of the tree sing in the breeze. 4) Some adjectives can mean different things depending on their placement. • When placed after the noun, the adjective has a fairly objective meaning. • When placed before the noun, the adjective has a subjective meaning. Pablo es mi viejo amigo. Pablo is my long-time friend. Juanita es mi amiga vieja. Juanita is my elderly friend. Below is a list of adjectives this commonly happens with. Adjective Before the noun After the noun alto top/high-class tall antiguo old/former/ancient antique bajo of low quality short bueno cierto cualquier diferente distinto dulce grande mismo nuevo pobre puro raro triste simple solo único varios viejo
simple/good certain any (of those available) various various good/nice great same another /newly acquired unfortunate sheer/nothing but rare dreadful mere one only several former/long-time
good/gentle/generous true/right any (type doesn't matter) different different sweet big himself/herself new/newly made poor pure strange sad simple/modest lonely unique different old/aged
Source https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/descriptive-adjectives-in-spanish 8
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On the move
Sentences
We have to get up at six thirty. Make sure to pack your bags the day before. We're leaving in ten minutes. Our gate is at B26. Could you tell me if our plane has any delays? Sir, could you drive us to the nearest train station? I think I've forgotten something. We have two pieces of carry-ons. We're going sightseeing in a few big cities like Barcelona and Madrid. I definitely should buy a road map. We will be staying at a hotel in the city centre. 3
On the move
Tenemos que levantarnos a las seis y media. Asegúrese de empacar sus maletas el día anterior. Nos vamos en diez minutos. Nuestra puerta está en B26. ¿Podría decirme si nuestro avión tiene retrasos? Señor, ¿podría llevarnos a la estación de tren más cercana? Creo que he olvidado algo. Tenemos dos piezas de equipaje de mano. Vamos a hacer turismo en algunas grandes ciudades como Barcelona y Madrid. Definitivamente debería comprar un mapa de ruta. Nos alojaremos en un hotel en el centro de la ciudad.
Words
morning, morning– afternoon, afternoon– evening, night; evening—, night— flight to wake up to get out of bed bed to sleep sleep (to set an) alarm early riser passport boarding pass phone wallet keys to forget
la mañana, de la mañana la tarde, vespertino la noche, nocturno el vuelo despabilarse levantarse de la cama la cama dormir el sueño poner una alarma el madrugador el pasaporte la tarjeta de embarque el teléfono la cartera las claves olvidar 9
to pack belongings luggage suitcase to hurry, to be in a hurry airport early late inappropriate to make it on time quick slow to look for to find car train bus airplane taxi more adj. less adj. to run to drive to walk to speed traffic highway road traffic lights traffic jam (road) sign to travel to listen to music to want to hear to arrive departure
1. embalar 2. hacer la maleta las pertenencias el equipaje la maleta apresurarse, tener prisa el aeropuerto temprano tardío inadecuado llegar a tiempo rápido lento buscar encontrar el coche el tren el autobús el avión el taxi más menor correr conducir caminar agilizar el tráfico la carretera el camino el semáforo el atasco la señal(ización) viajar escuchar música 1. querer 2. desear oír llegar 1. la partida 2. la salida 10
arrival to check-in to carry e.g. a suitcase shop food to argue to disagree sad to watch out for to take off e.g. in a plane cabin flight attendant service pilot (seat) row explicit danger safety measures instructions to forbid to kindly request to guide to frisk aisle 3
On the move
European countries Germany United Kingdom France Spain Italy Portugal The Netherlands Belgium Denmark Sweden Norway
la llegada registrarse llevar comprar los alimentos pelear no discrepar triste vigilar a despegar la cabina la azafata el servicio el/la piloto la fila (de asientos) explícito el peligro la seguridad las medidas las instrucciones prohibir rogar amablemente dirigir cachear el pasillo
Go further
Alemania Reino Unido Francia España Italia Portugal 1. Los países bajos 2. Hollanda Bélgica Dinamarca Suecia Noruega 11
Switzerland Austria Czech-Republic Poland Greece Croatia Turkey Ukraine Russia
Suiza Austria Republica checa Polonia Grecia Croacia Turquía Ucrania Rusia
North- and South-American countries
United States Mexico Canada Brazil Argentina Asian and Oceanian countries China Japan
North-Korea South-Korea Japan Australia New-Zealand Indonesia India
Estados Unidos Méjico Canadá Brasil Argentina
China Japón Corea del Norte Corea del Sur Japón Australia Nueva Zelanda Indonesia India
Continents
Europe Asia North-America South-America Antarctica Oceania Africa
Europa Asia Norteamérica Sudamérica Antártida Oceanía África
Learn it a different way! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=213lingu5_s
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On the move
Grammar note
So far, we've learned about the present participle and adjectives in Spanish. Now we're moving on to different tenses. How would you say you've been somewhere, or you will go somewhere? El pretérito The preterite tense is used to describe actions completed at a point in the past. Regular Preterite Verb Endings Subject -ar Verbs -é yo
tú él, ella, usted nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, ustedes
-aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron
-er and -ir Verbs -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron
preterite example salí saliste salió salimos salisteis salieron
Note: 1) The first person plural (-amos) has the same ending in present and paste tense. 2) Some common verbs have different preterite forms one should learn by heart. Irregular Preterite Verb Conjugations Subject Ser (to be) Ir (to go) fui fui yo
tú él, ella, usted nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, ustedes
fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis
fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis
Dar (to give) di diste dio dimos disteis
fueron
fueron
dieron
Ver (to see) vi viste vio vimos visteis vieron
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Uses of the Preterite 1) Completed Events The preterite is used to talk about completed events, especially those with very clear beginnings and ends. Compré una maleta nuevo.
I bought a new suitcase. 2) Beginnings and Ends Beginnings and ends themselves are also talked about using the preterite. Key verbs you'll see used to talk about beginnings and ends in the past are empezar (to begin), comenzar (to begin), terminar (to finish), and acabar (to end).
Empezó a nevar. It began to snow. El vuelo terminó con una sorpresa. The flight ended with a surprise. 3) Specific Times and Dates The preterite is used to talk about past events or actions that occurred on specific days or dates, at specific times, and during specific time periods. Llegé anoche a las diez. I arrived last night at ten. Nacho nació el tres de agosto.
Nacho was born on August third. 4) Events in a Sequence The preterite is used for listing past events that took place in a sequence. Me vestí, y salí para el aeropuerto.
I got dressed, and left for the airport. Source https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/spanish-preterite-tense-forms/
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El futuro perifrástico There are two ways to say something is to happen in Spanish. The first way is that of the informal future tense. This is a rather simple method of saying something is going to happen. To form the informal future, use: ir (to go) + a + infintive. Spanish informal future Subject Form (ir) yo voy tú él/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.
vas va vamos vais van
a
Infinitive salir pedir viajar trabajar comer ver
Here's an example: Voy a viajar mañana. I'm going to travel tomorrow. El futuro simple And then there's the simple future tense. The translation always involves a form of the word 'will', rather than 'going to'. To form the simple future tense, simply add the correct ending to the infinitive of the verb. All verb conjugations (-ar, -er, and -ir) have the same endings in the simple future tense. Spanish Simple Future Endings
Subject yo tú usted, él, ella nosotros vosotros ustedes, ellos, ellas
Ending -é -ás -á -emos -éis -án
Example trabajaré trabajarás trabajará trabjaremos trabajaréis trabajarán
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Use of the informal future 1) Conjectures, Possibilities, and Probabilities The simple future is often used to talk about things that may be or are probably true. Anita estará en la playa ahora.
Anita is probably at the beach right now. Los niños tendrán hambre. The children might be hungry. ¿Dónde estarán mis llaves? Where could my keys be? ¿Cuántos años tendrá el profesor? I wonder how old the professor is? 2) Predictions about the future The simple future is often used to make predictions about the future. Me viajaré con un hombre guapo.
I will travel with a handsome man. Encontrará un coche bueno. He will find a good car. The simple future can also be used in conditional sentences with si (if) to talk about what someone will do. In sentences like this, the verb immediately after si is in the present tense, while the verb in the other part of the sentence is in the simple future. Si tengo tiempo, saldré a correr en la tarde. If I have time, I'll go running this afternoon. 3) Solemn commands Giving solemn commands is another way to use the simple future, although not a very common one.
No robarás. You shall/will not steal. Te sentarás aquí hasta que regrese. You shall/will sit right here until I return. Source https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/simple-future-regular-forms-and-tenses
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Let's review
Test it out!
So far, we've had plenty of words and grammar for a good base of Spanish. Now, we're going to test it out! On the link below you may find a big list of all words, sentences and constructions you've seen in units 1, 2 and 3. Practice them to strengthen your skills and finish these units completely! Words and sentences unit 1, 2, and 3 https://quizlet.com/301280246/my-spanish-unit-1-2-and-3-flash-cards/ As we've told others how we're doing, we've been to a local restaurant and have taken off for a vacation, why not enjoy a little time away? In units 4, 5 and 6, we're going to focus on other things. Unit 4 science and nature Unit 5 sports and other hobbies Unit 6 clothes In unit 7, 8 and 9, we're going to focus on even more different things: Unit 7 family Unit 8 leisure life Unit 9 on a holiday And finally, in unit 10, 11 and 12, we will master our fundamentals of Spanish. Unit 10 school Unit 11 a party Unit 12 work life By then, you should be perfectly able to hold small conversations in Spanish about many aspects of life.
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