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Nick Mitchell, Gus Knoll, and Jon Scanlan Cancer Project Flipbook PDF
Cancer
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Cancer Project By: Gus Knoll, Jon Scanlan, and Nick Mitchell
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease that originates in our own cells. A change in the DNA causes a special gene, called an oncogene, to be switched on which leads to uncontrollable cell reproduction by mitosis. In all kinds of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping. Cancer can start almost anywhere in your body. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. However, when cancer develops, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors. By: Nick Mitchell
Why can Cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle? Cancer is basically a disease of uncontrolled cell division. Its development and progression are linked to a series of changes in the activity of cell cycle regulators. Some cancer cells don't respond to the external growth regulators, while some fail to produce the internal regulators that ensure orderly growth. Cancer is a disease because cancer basically reverses the cell cycle steps. The older cells don’t die and they divide at a much faster rate. By: Nick Mitchell
What causes the loss of growth control that characterizes cancer?By: Gus Knoll
The way cells know how to grow is from many regulatory proteins called cyclins, there are two categories for cyclins, one that regulates the cell cycle, and reproduction internally, and one externally. The internal proteins do stuff like make sure the cell does not start Mitosis until all chromosomes are replicated. The External Proteins do things like tell cells to reproduce at a faster rate if you get a cut, or if you are growing, they also tell the cells to slow down reproduction if the cut is healed. What causes your cells to grow uncontrollably is when the cyclin proteins are removed from someone's body. There are many things that cause the proteins to be removed; Tobacco, radiation exposure, and viral infections all contribute to the loss of cyclin.
Immunotherapy 2.0 Immunotherapy 2.0 is a new treatment plan created this year that works by a doctor tapping into the patient's own immune system, and controlling the immune system checkpoints. Immune System checkpoints, are what tell your immune system to stop working, because you are not sick, but doctors found a way to make tell the immune system when to work, and when not to work, so the treatment makes the human immune system work all the time so it can eliminate the cancer on its own.
By: Gus Knoll
Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy is a treatment for cancer using radiation. Doctors put the patient under a high level x-ray, and the radiation beams hit cancer cells, which overwhelms them causing them to die without damaging the healthy cells in the patient's body. Radiation Therapy is primarily used for brain tumors, or for head, and neck cancer. Radiation therapy can be a main treatment plan, but sometimes will go with other treatment options like chemotherapy.
Video By: Gus Knoll
Molecularly Targeted Therapy Many therapies target cancer cells but end up killing healthy cells as well. Scientists have recently made a drug on the molecular level which specifically attacks only the cancer cell of specific types of cancer. The drug is individually made too recognize certain molecules unique too cancer. The base drug is Gilvec which is used too fight a rare form of leukemia. Doctors around the world think that this drug could be used as a model drug too treat cancer. “This is as important as it gets. A cancer-specific target, a drug specifically designed for the target, the most effective agent ever,”says Paul A. Bunn Jr., president-elect of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
By Jon Scanlan
By: Nick Mitchell
What are Carcinogens? Carcinogens are chemicals that can damage DNA and interfere with a cell's normal cycle, which will disrupt the cells ability to control when and how often it divides. They are chemical, physical, or biological agents that can cause cellular destruction. If they are allowed to gather in your body, they will most likely damage your cells. 5 things that can give you carcinogens are the chemicals from tobacco, certain foods that you could eat, pathogens (certain viruses, bacteria), radiation, and environmental hazards like air, water, and soil pollution.
Video
Tobacco Smoke on Human Health CIgarette smoking causes over 480,000 deaths a year. Smoking increases your risk of death by about 25 times. Smoking can cause heart disease, strokes, at least 10 different types of cancer, lung disease and many other things. As well as these risk factors too you if a woman is smoking when pregnant is could have many effects on the baby. These effects include stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome.
By Jon Scanlan
Ultra Violet Rays on Human Health Ultra Violet radiation, the light that provides you with your golden summer tan. It's completely harmless right? Wrong. Yes in small amounts it’s actually very good for you because it provides you with Vitamin D but too much can be very bad. Too much UV can cause the cells in your eyes, tissue, and skin to age a lot faster then they are supposed to. It can also weaken the immune system. One of the most common long term effects of too much UV exposure is skin cancer. The two most common skin cancers are curable if they are caught early but if they aren't you could easily die from it.
By Jon Scanlan
Bibliography "Interactive Resources for Schools." Cell Division and Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. "What Is Cancer?" National Cancer Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. "Cancer: Out of Control Cells." Cancer: Out of Control Cells. Biologycorner.com, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. Bollinger, Ty. "What Are Cancer Causing Carcinogens?" The Truth About Cancer. N.p., 13 Feb. 2017. Web. 30 Apr. 2017. Coto, Nicole. "Cell Growth & Division." Flashcards Biology Ch 10 - Cell Growth & Division - Section Assessments | Quizlet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2017. "Cancer and the Cell cycle." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2017.
Bibliography "Clinical Cancer Advances 2017." ASCO. N.p., 03 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 May 2017. "Immunotherapy 2.0: The 2017 Clinical Cancer Advance of the Year." Cancer.Net. N.p., 02 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 May 2017. "Cell Growth and Division." SlidePlayer. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2017. "Understanding Radiation Therapy." Cancer.Net. N.p., 08 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 May 2017. Terranella, Scott. "Doctors Excited by New Cancer Treatment." ABC News. ABC News Network, 04 Apr. 1970. Web. 03 May 2017. "Smoking & Tobacco Use." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Apr. 2017. Web. 04 May 2017. "Health Effects of UV Radiation." World Health Organization. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 04 May 2017.